Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'High and low protein wheat'
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1
Toma, Kumika. "Effects of High-Carbohydrate and Low-Fat Versus High-Protein and Low-Carbohydrate Diets on High-Intensity Aerobic Exercise." View abstract, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3372362.
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Ottman, Michael J., Stephen H. Husman, and Pat A. Clay. "Use of Tissue Testing to Prevent Low Grain Protein Content in Durum, 2003." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203660.
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Low grain protein content in durum can be prevented by applying nitrogen fertilizer after heading. Tentative guidelines were established from previous research for nitrogen fertilizer applications after heading based on the lower stem nitrate content near heading. Ten commercial durum fields were selected for testing the use of these guidelines to ensure grain protein contents greater than 13%. Only one field had grain protein content less than 13% (12.83%), and this field had herbicide damage and had to be over-irrigated due to surface unevenness. The average protein content was 13.62% but the amount of nitrogen fertilizer actually applied by the growers after heading averaged 74.5 lbs N/acre, whereas the amount recommended by the tentative guidelines averaged 53.1 lbs N/acre. If the tentative guidelines had been followed, we estimate that the average grain protein content would have been about 13.04%. Our tentative nitrogen fertilizer recommendations based on stem samples near heading appear accurate, but another year of testing would add more certainty.
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Ottman, Michael J., Stephen H. Husman, and Pat A. Clay. "Use of Tissue Testing to Prevent Low Grain Protein Content in Durum, 2004." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203661.
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Low grain protein content in durum can be prevented by applying nitrogen fertilizer after heading. Tentative guidelines were established from previous research for nitrogen fertilizer applications after heading based on the lower stem nitrate content near heading. Ten commercial durum fields were selected for testing the use of these guidelines to ensure grain protein contents greater than 13%. The average protein content was 14.00%, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer actually applied by the growers after heading averaged 44.5 lbs N/acre, whereas the amount recommended by the tentative guidelines averaged 41.5 lbs N/acre. If the tentative guidelines had been followed, we estimate that the average grain protein content would have been about 13.92%, and two fields would have been slightly below 13% protein (about 12.8% protein). Our tentative nitrogen fertilizer recommendations based on stem samples near heading appear accurate.
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Ottman, Michael J., and Stephen H. Husman. "Use of Tissue Testing to Prevent Low Grain Protein Content in Durum, 2005." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203662.
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Low grain protein content in durum can be prevented by applying nitrogen fertilizer after heading. Tentative guidelines were established from previous research for nitrogen fertilizer applications after heading based on the lower stem nitrate content near heading. Three durum fields in Pinal County were selected for testing the use of these guidelines for ensuring grain protein contents greater than 13%. These fields were split into plots that either received late N fertilization after heading or not. The stem nitrate content at heading for two of the fields averaged 6337 ppm, indicating no need for late N fertilizer application to achieve grain protein content above 13%, and the grain protein content for these fields averaged 15.1% with or without late N fertilizer. The stem nitrate content at heading was 894 ppm for the third field, the stem nitrate guidelines called for a late N application of about 63 lbs N/a, and a late N application of 46 lbs N/a increased grain yield protein from 11.54 to 13.34%. Our tentative nitrogen fertilizer recommendations based on stem samples near heading appear accurate.
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Monaghan, James Malcolm. "Physiological and genetical analysis of high grain protein concentration, high yield trait in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Thesis, Open University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361593.
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Riggs, Amy Jo Gropper Sareen Annora Stepnick. "Changes in energy expenditure associated with injestion of high protein, high fat versus high protein, low fat meals among underweight, normal weight, and overweight females." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Spring/doctoral/RIGGS_AMY_28.pdf.
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Werner, Tim J. "The effect of high-carbohydrate, low-fat & low-carbohydrate, high protein diets on physiologic and performance variables on row ergometry training." Ohio : Ohio University, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1140557597.
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Werner, Tim. "The Effect of High-Carbohydrate, Low-Fat & Low-Carbohydrate, High Protein Diets on Physiologic and Performance Variables on Row Ergometry Training." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1140557597.
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Dubey, Amrita. "Use of Extrusion Technology and Fat Replacers to Produce High Protein, Low Fat Cheese." DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/961.
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This study investigated the use of extrusion technology and fat replacers to produce high protein, low fat Cheddar cheese. In chapter 3, four different fat replacers were tested at the highest concentration level of each, as recommended by the manufacturers for low fat cheese, to investigate the change in cheese texture and optimize extruder conditions. In addition, the press time/pressure combinations of the extruded cheeses were optimized. The fat replacers and extruder conditions that were effective in improving the texture of low fat cheese were then used in chapter 4.
In chapter 4, three fat replacers were used at three different concentrations (lowest, middle and highest) as recommended by the manufacturers for replacing fat in cheese. The fat replacers were microcrystalline cellulose (MCC 1) (0.125%, 1.06% and 2%), whey protein concentrate (WPC 2) (0.50%, 0.75% and 1%) and whey protein concentrate (WPC 1) (0.40%, 2.20% and 4%). These fat replacers were effective in improving the texture of low fat cheese as determined from the results of chapter 3. The extruded cheese samples with and without fat replacers were analyzed for texture at three different time periods (1 day, 1 week, and 1 month). None of the fat replacers used were effective in improving the texture of low fat cheese significantly.
Since none of the treatments statistically improved the texture of low fat cheese, in the next part of the study, extrusion alone and WPC 1 at the middle concentration were then used to produce low fat cheese with high protein content by blending low moisture aged Cheddar cheese and nonfat cheese. Extrusion of cheese blends with or without fat replacer yielded cheese with high protein level. It was concluded from the study that the fat replacers we used were not effective in improving the texture but extrusion of aged Cheddar cheese with nonfat cheese can yield high protein cheese.
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Spain, James Nobles. "Effect of protein source on milk composition of cows fed low fiber, high grain diets." Thesis, This resource online, 1987. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-04122010-083607/.
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Zarate, Xristo, David Henderson, Keenan Phillips, April Lake, and David Galbraith. "Development of high-yield autofluorescent protein microarrays using hybrid cell-free expression with combined Escherichia coli S30 and wheat germ extracts." BioMed Central, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/610237.
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BACKGROUND:Protein-based microarray platforms offer considerable promise as high-throughput technologies in proteomics. Particular advantages are provided by self-assembling protein microarrays and much interest centers around analysis of eukaryotic proteins and their molecular interactions. Efficient cell-free protein synthesis is paramount for the production of self-assembling protein microarrays, requiring optimal transcription, translation, and protein folding. The Escherichia coli S30 extract demonstrates high translation rates but lacks the protein-folding efficiency of its eukaryotic counterparts derived from rabbit reticulocyte and wheat germ extract. In comparison to E. coli, eukaryotic extracts, on the other hand, exhibit slower translation rates and poor overall protein yields. A cell-free expression system that synthesizes folded eukaryotic proteins in considerable yields would optimize in vitro translation for protein microarray assembly.RESULTS:Self-assembling autofluorescent protein microarrays were produced by in situ transcription and translation of chimeric proteins containing a C-terminal Green Fluorescent Protein tag. Proteins were immobilized as array elements using an anti-GFP monoclonal antibody. The amounts of correctly-folded chimeric proteins were quantified by measuring the fluorescence intensity from each array element. During cell-free expression, very little or no fluorescence was observed from GFP-tagged multidomain eukaryotic plant proteins when in vitro translation was performed with E. coli S30 extract. Improvement was seen using wheat germ extract, but fluorescence intensities were still low because of poor protein yields. A hybrid in vitro translation system, combining S30 and wheat germ extracts, produced high levels of correctly-folded proteins for most of the constructs that were tested.CONCLUSION:The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the wheat germ extract enhances the protein folding capabilities of the in vitro system by providing eukaryotic ribosomes and chaperones and, at the same time, the E. coli S30 extract, which includes an ATP regeneration system, translates the polypeptides at high rates. This hybrid cell-free expression system allows the facile production of high-yield protein arrays suitable for downstream assays.
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Rodway, Marie R. "The high affinity-low capacity androgen binding protein in the hepatic cystol of streptozotocin diabetic Wistar rats." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26066.
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Recently several groups have identified and partially characterized a high affinity-low capacity androgen binding protein (HALC ABP) in the hepatic cytosol of rats, rabbits and humans. In order to further characterize and to identify the physiological control mechanisms of this protein we did a series of studies in Wistar rats. The synthetic androgen methyltrienolone (R1881) was used as the ligand in binding studies. Precipitation with 50% ammonium sulfate resulted in a 2 to 3 fold purification, but did not eliminate the glucocorticoid receptor to which R1881 also binds. Frozen storage, at -80°C has no apparent effect on the hepatic HALC ABP. Studies on sex and age differences showed that R1881 binding was present in mature females and immature rats at less than one-half the concentration found in mature males. Neonatal castration of males appears to decrease or eliminate the HALC ABP in mature rats. No evidence of binding of R1881 to androgen binding proteins in blood was seen .
The HALC ABP binding capacity was significantly reduced from control levels in 4 and 10 day streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/kg, intravenous) diabetic male Wistar rats; there are no apparent changes in Kd or in steroid specificity. After induction of diabetes with STZ, serum insulin levels are significantly decreased in 24 hours-Testosterone serum levels and triiodothyronine serum levels are significantly decreased 3 days after STZ injection. Dampening of the normal peaks of growth hormone secretion in male rats is evident 18 hours after STZ injection, and continues progressively. These changes correspond to the decrease in binding capacity of the hepatic HALC ABP. If the HALC ABP were regulated by one of these hormones, restoration of their serum levels should have restored the binding capacity of the HALC ABP. Partial restoration of the binding capacity of the prostatic androgen receptor was possible with testosterone or insulin in STZ diabetic rats. Attempted restoration to control levels of the hepatic HALC ABP by treatment of 4 day STZ diabetics with the following hormones was unsuccessful: insulin (protamine zinc insulin, 10 U/kg s.c. daily, or Toronto insulin 15 U/kg s.c. twice daily); testosterone enanthate (1 mg/kg s.c. daily); triiodothyronine (30 μg/kg s.c. daily); or ovine growth hormone (by minipump 0.02 U/hr for 4 days, s.c. 30 μg/dose for 7 daily doses, vena cava catheter 30 μg/dose for 7 daily doses, and tail vein injection 30 μg/dose, for 4 daily dose s).
It is concluded that the HALC ABP is not regulated by insulin levels, by testosterone levels, by T₃ levels, or by GH levels or the GH male secretory pattern. Stress appears to cause a decrease in the binding capacity of the HALC ABP in adult male Wistar rats.Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of
Graduate
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Volkert, Marcus [Verfasser], and Dietrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Knorr. "High pressure-low temperature induced structures in dairy foams and protein model systems / Marcus Volkert. Betreuer: Dietrich Knorr." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1066160333/34.
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Goehring, Devin Lynn. "The effects of dietary soybean hulls, wheat, crystalline amino acids and high protein corn dried distiller’s grains on nursery and/or finishing pig growth and carcass characteristics." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15878.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Animal Sciences and Industry
Jim Nelssen
Six experiments using 3,659 nursery and finishing pigs were conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary soybean hulls and ingredient processing in corn-soybean meal or corn-soybean meal-DDGS diets on nursery and finishing performance. Experiment 1 tested increasing soybean hulls (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%) and increasing soybean hulls decreased ADG and G:F. Experiment 2 evaluated increasing soybean hulls (0, 10, and 20%) in diets balanced or not for NE and showed reduced performance with increasing soybean hulls. Balancing for NE resulted in G:F similar to pigs fed the control. Experiments 3 and 4 evaluated increasing dietary soybean hulls in corn-soybean meal and corn-soybean meal-DDGS diets. Soybean hulls in either diet worsened G:F and improved caloric efficiency, suggesting current INRA (2004) values for soybean hulls underestimate their energy value. Experiment 5 evaluated 10 and 20% ground or unground soybean hulls in meal and pelleted diets. Caloric efficiency improved with high levels of soybean hulls. Pelleting improved ADG and eliminated negative effects on G:F with increasing soybean hulls, while grinding soybean hulls reduced performance. Experiment 6 tested increasing ground and unground soybean hulls (0, 7.5, and 15%). Increasing soybean hulls worsened G:F, carcass yield, and hot carcass weight. Grinding soybean hulls to finer particle sizes did not improve ADG and worsened G:F. Experiments 7 and 8 evaluated the replacement of corn with wheat and crystalline amino acids in nursery and finishing pig diets. Replacing 50% of corn with wheat did not affect growth performance in either nursery or finishing; however 100% replacement of corn with wheat reduced performance. In addition, feeding wheat improved carcass fat IV, while use of high levels of crystalline amino acids in wheat-based diets did not influence performance in either study. Experiment 9 evaluated the replacement of soybean meal with high-protein dried distiller’s grains with solubles and crystalline amino acids. High-protein DDGS and crystalline AA can replace 50% of the SBM in finishing diets without negatively affecting performance or carcass yield. Replacing 100% of SBM with high-protein DDGS reduced growth rate, but increasing crystalline AA levels can help mitigate negative effects on carcass yield and fat IV.
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Smith, D'Arcy Randall. "The effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on the male Wistar rat : hepatic high capacity, low affinity estrogen binding protein." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26078.
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Several parallels have been noted between aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity (a measure of drug and steroid metabolism) and the high capacity low affinity (HCLA) estrogen binding protein. These include a sex and age dependency, as well as parallel changes in the AHH and HCLA levels due to various physiological manipulations (e.g. gonadectomy and hypophysectomy). It has been suggested from this evidence that there is a regulatory action of the HCLA estrogen binding protein on hepatic AHH activity. Since streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes is known to cause alterations in AHH activity we investigated the effects of this condition on the HCLA estrogen binding protein, and sought the hormonal control mechanism for the HCLA estrogen binding protein in this state.
At both four and ten days post-induction of diabetes with STZ, there was approximately a 50% decrease in the binding capacity of the HCLA estrogen binding protein, with no alterations in the Kd value. Hormonal replacement was undertaken to restore the normal physiological levels of testosterone, insulin, triiodothyronine, and growth hormone; all of which are depressed in the diabetic. None of the treatment regimens carried out were able to restore the reduced binding capacity of the HCLA binding protein. Treatment with testosterone and insulin had previously been shown to restore AHH activity in gonadectomized and diabetic rats, respectively. Since we were unable to restore HCLA binding protein levels with these treatments in the diabetic rat, we conclude that there is no direct regulatory action of the HCLA binding protein on AHH activity in the rat.
Several other species were also examined for the presence of a hepatic HCLA estrogen binding protein. We were unable to detect any such component in any of the other species examined, indicating that the HCLA binding protein may be rat specific. What physiological role the HCLA binding protein may be playing remains unclear at this time.Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of
Graduate
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Mobley-Meulman, Margaret. "Exercise Participation during Weight Loss on a High Protein – Low Carbohydrate Diet Plan in Females Aged 15-25 Years." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1188.
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Weight gain due to poor diet and lack of exercise is responsible for over 300,000 deaths each year (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2010). Obese adults have an increased risk for serious health conditions including high blood pressure and cholesterol, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, respiratory problems, and certain cancers (National Cancer Institute, 2012). Participation in exercise can help control weight, strengthen muscles and bones, and reduce the incidence of cardiac events, stroke, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, colon and breast cancers, osteoporotic fractures, gallbladder disease, obesity, depression, anxiety, and delay mortality (ACSM, 2009). The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of exercise participation during weight loss on a high protein-low carbohydrate diet plan during a 12-week span in females aged 15 to 25 years. Specifically, this research study was a comparison of markers of health such as weight, fat mass, percent body fat, and fat-free mass in females who consistently exercised during the diet (Exercisers) from those who did not participate in consistent exercise (Non- Exercisers). The population in this study was selected due to the transition from high school to college being a critical period because it is associated with many identity choices and lifestyle changes that can lead to weight gain (Anderson, Shapiro, & Lundgren, 2003). The data indicate participation in regular exercise, while consuming a high protein-low carbohydrate diet plan, increases the loss of body weight, fat mass, and percent body fat when compared to participating in the diet plan alone. There was no significant difference in fat-free mass reduction between the groups. One implication for practice is recommending moderate to vigorous exercise for a minimum of 30 minutes at a time, totaling a minimum of 150 minutes per week, for females trying to achieve weight loss. Based from the results of this research study, in order to achieve a greater amount of body weight, fat mass, and percent body fat reduction one should consider incorporating exercise participation and high protein-low carbohydrate dieting into their weight loss plan.
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Gardner, ToniRae. "Analysis of Beef Steaks of Varying USDA Quality Grades and Thicknesses Cooked on Low and High Grill Surface Temperatures." DigitalCommons@USU, 2017. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5694.
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The objective of this project was to analyze the thermodynamics (thermal conductivity and diffusivity as well as protein denaturation) and physical properties (percent expressible moisture, cooking loss, change in steak thickness, shear force, texture profile analysis and rheological behavior) of beef steaks of different USDA quality grades (Upper 2/3 Choice and Select), thicknesses (thick and thin), and grill surface temperatures (high and low) cooked to the same internal degree of doneness to determine if a specific set of cooking parameters would create a profound difference in the eating characteristics, described by the tenderness and juiciness of cooked beef strip steaks.
The elastic behavior of the surface and centers of beef steaks were analyzed to determine how the microstructure of the beef responded to applied stress. The elastic behavior of steak centers was influenced in a three-way interaction between USDA Quality Grade, steak thickness, and grill surface temperature while the elastic behavior of the surface of steaks was influenced only by USDA Quality Grade and steak thickness. These interactions along with the differences in the thermal characteristic of proteins suggest that the microstructure of beef steaks is significantly affected by each cooking treatment group. The physical properties in the beef steaks further support through more tangible applications that the composition, thickness, and cooking regiments impact the microstructure and thermal properties of beef and thus final tenderness and texture.
This project identified cooking preparation should take into consideration that quality grade, thickness and cooking temperature will affect the textural eating qualities of beef steaks. Choice steaks were shown to be ideally sliced thick and cooked on a low grill surface temperature supported by the springiness, hardness, expressible moisture, and rheological data. Select steaks were not always effected by grill surface temperature and had similar results among the different measurements but the hardness, resilience and chewiness values along with viscosity suggest a thick steak cooked at a high grill surface temperature. Therefore, cooking parameters may be utilized as a mechanism to enhance beef steak palatability.
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Darkwah, Joseph. "Protein stability : impact of formulation excipients and manufacturing processes in protein-based pharmaceuticals." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/16284.
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Presently, over 300 proteins or peptide based therapeutic medicines have been approved by the FDA owing to advances in protein engineering and technology. However, majority of these protein-based medications are unstable or have limited shelf life when in aqueous form. During pre-formulation and manufacturing, various technological processes including mixing, dissolving, filling (through pipes) can produce strong mechanical stresses on proteins. These stresses may cause the protein molecule to unfold, denature or aggregate. To improve stability upon formulation, they may be manufactured as freeze dried cakes that requires reconstitution with a buffer or water prior to administration. Although it has been successful in improving the stability of protein-based formulations, the freeze drying process itself also contributes to protein aggregation. This process introduces other stresses such as freezing, thawing and drying. In addition to these stresses, the agitation processes used during reconstitution may also destabilize the protein’s native structure. Two key processes used in preparation of protein based formulations were studied in this work; mechanical agitation and freeze drying. The aim of this project was to explore the aggregation of proteins that occur due to the various technological processes typical in the production of protein based formulations. The project has two parts that relates to liquid and solid formulations. In the first part, the effect of different methods of mechanical agitations on BSA protein was investigated. In the second part, the focus was on the effect of formulation (i.e. the application of amino acids) on aggregation of protein (BSA) in freeze dried formulations. Arginine and lysine were added individually into protein-based freeze-dried formulation to study their potential of improving the stability of the proteins during manufacturing, storage and reconstitution. In the formulation development, additional excipients were added to prevent moisture uptake due to the hygroscopic properties of the amino acids and to provide lyo- and cryo- protection for the protein molecule during freeze drying. Without further purification, BSA solutions prepared by using sonication, low shear rotor mixer or high shear tube/pipe mixing were studied using dynamic light scattering (DLS). Thioflavin T assay and turbidimetry analysis were used as complementary studies. In protein-based freeze dried formulations, at accelerated storage conditions, the presence of aggregates were studied in samples containing arginine or lysine using ThT assay and turbidimetry analysis. Characterisation of the freeze dried cakes was performed relative to their moisture sorption, cake shrinkage, mechanical properties and morphology using various analytical techniques. iv In the BSA solution studies, particle size analysis indicated two distributions for non-agitated BSA solution that corresponds to the average particle sizes of BSA molecules and their aggregates. Under mechanical stresses (all types), the intensity of distribution centered ≈ 7.8 nm reduces and broadens as the agitation time increases, indicating a reduction in the amount of “free” BSA macromolecules. The second distribution, as a result of increasing agitation time or shear intensity, reveals a significant shift towards larger sizes, or even splits into two particle size populations. These particle size growths reflect the formation of aggregates due to intensive collisions and, as a result, partial unfolding followed by hydrophobic interactions of exposed non-polar amino acids. UV spectra showed that aggregation in both low shear and mechanical vibration agitations were lower compared to the high shear stress. When compared to non-agitated BSA solution, ThT assay recorded ≈15 times higher fluorescence emission from the high shear samples, ≈2 times fluorescence emission from low shear and ≈6 times fluorescence emission from mechanical vibrations. Thus all the three agitation methods showed a good correlation between the results. The second part of this project was performed in three stages. In the initial 2 stages, 2- and 3-excipients component system were investigated to develop an optimal preliminary formulations which will be used in the final protein based 4-components formulations. From the 1st stage (ArgHCl/LysHCl + sugar/polyol), among 4 tested excipients (polyol and sugar), mannitol was observed to have resisted moisture uptake by the highly hygroscopic ArgHCl/LysHCl amino acids. However, mannitol is considered a good cryoprotector but has poor lyoprotection properties. Therefore, in the following stage, a 3rd excipient (in a 3-excipients component system) sucrose or trehalose, was introduced into the formulation. The formulation was made up of 20% ArgHCl (LysHCl), and various ratios of mannitol and sugar were explored. The criteria for selecting the best systems were based on ideal physicochemical properties i.e. moisture uptake, shrinkage, mechanical properties, matrix structure and appearance, and thermal properties. The final stage was the formulation of a 4-components system comprising the three excipients and combinations selected from the stage 2 studies, and the addition of BSA as the model protein. To study aggregation in this system, a freeze dried 4-components excipient/protein system was reconstituted and incubated at accelerated storage conditions over time. Fluorescence spectroscopy and turbidimetry were used to study aggregation of proteins, moisture uptake kinetics with gravimetric balance, and thermal analytical techniques were used to characterise the freeze dried cakes with and without BSA protein. This study represented a systematic analysis of aggregation of proteins in both liquid and solid formulations. Some of the novel aspects of this study include: v 1. The new experimental results obtained for aggregation of proteins in solution subjected to mechanical agitations. The high shear stress created by syringe agitation, simulated the real situation in post manufacturing process during filling through narrow pipes, and has been shown here to strongly affect the aggregation of protein macromolecules. 2. The development of a methodical approach for optimization of multi component (up to 4 excipients) protein based formulations. 3. The unexpected non-linear behavior of the physicochemical properties of the 3-excipients component system as a function of composition. To the best of my knowledge, this novel aspect has not been previously reported in literature. 4. Application of amino acid in protein based formulations has shown the inhibition of aggregation of BSA, with the highest effect observed with ArgHCl. The results of this study coincide with the conclusions published previously for aggregation of proteins in solution.
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Coleman, Mary Dean. "Effect of a Low-Carbohydrate, High-Protein Diet on Bone Mineral Density, Biomarkers of Bone Turnover, and Calcium Metabolism in Healthy Pre-Menopausal Females." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28429.
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Low-carbohydrate, high-protein (LCHP) diets have been shown to induce weight loss and beneficial changes in blood lipids that suggest cardiovascular disease risk reduction; however, LCHP diets have not been adequately investigated for health effects on the skeleton. A randomized trial to determine the effects of a LCHP diet on bone mineral status, biomarkers of bone turnover, indicators of acid-base balance, calcium homeostasis and fasting lipids in healthy pre-menopausal women was conducted. Women, aged 32 - 45 y, with a body mass index between 25-41 kg/m2 were randomized into one of two diet groups: LCHP (n = 13) or high-carbohydrate, low-fat (HCLF) (n = 12). Anthropometric (body weight, lean mass, fat mass) and bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) measures and markers of lipid metabolism were taken at weeks 0, 6, and 12. Measures of acid-base balance, protein metabolism, and calcium homeostasis were conducted at weeks 0, 1-4, 6, and 12. Serum osteocalcin was analyzed at weeks 0, 1, 2, 6, and 12, while urinary NTx was analyzed at weeks 0, 1 and 2. Weight loss was significant at the end of 12 weeks in both diet groups (P < 0.05) but there was no Diet x Time interaction. Total proximal femur BMD was lower in the LCHP group (P < 0.05) compared to the HCLF group by week 12. Femoral neck BMC decreased in the LCHP diet group (P < 0.05), whereas total forearm BMC increased (P < 0.05) in the HCLF diet group by week 12 of the study. Serum osteocalcin showed significant main effects of diet (P < 0.05) and time (P < 0.0001), but a Diet x Time interaction was not observed. Urinary NTx exhibited no main diet effect, time effect or Diet x Time interaction at weeks 1 or 2. Urinary pH was lower in the LCHP group compared to the HCLF group throughout the study (P < 0.0001). Urinary calcium excretion was higher in the LCHP group and lower in the HCLF group (P < 0.0001) compared to baseline values at all intervals of the study. Urinary phosphorus excretion exhibited a significant diet effect (P < 0.001) and time effect (P < 0.002), while no Diet x Time interaction was observed. Total cholesterol, high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triacylglycerol concentrations did not differ between diets during the study. In conclusion, a LCHP diet appears to stimulate bone loss, while a HCLF diet appears to attenuate bone loss in healthy pre-menopausal women undergoing 12 weeks of weight loss.Ph. D.
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Xu, Pingwen. "Involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase in differential regulation of appetite between lines of chickens selected for low or high juvenile body weight." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37680.
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This study was to determine (1) if genetic selection for high (HWS) or low (LWS) body
weight in chickens has altered the hypothalamic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)
system and (2) if this alteration contributes to the dissimilar feeding response to various
appetite modulators between HWS and LWS lines. Compared to HWS, LWS chickens
had higher levels of AMPK α and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylation,
which was caused by upregulation of the upstream factor calcium/calmodulin-dependent
protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK β). There was greater mRNA expression of carnitine
palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1), leptin receptor (LEPR) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) and
less mRNA expression of ACC α, fatty acid synthase (FAS), fat mass and obesity
associated gene (FTO), pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and orexin in LWS than HWS
chickens. At 5 days of age, intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of AICAR, 5-amino-
4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside, caused a quadratic dose-dependent decrease in food
intake in LWS but not HWS chicks. Compound C, (6-(4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-
phenyl))-3-pyridin-4-yl-pyrazolo(1,5-a)-pyrimidine, caused a quadratic dose-dependent
increase in food intake in HWS but not LWS chicks. The anorexigenic effect of AICAR
in LWS chicks and orexigenic effect of Compound C in HWS chicks resulted from either
activation or inhibition of other kinase pathways separate from AMPK. There is a lower
threshold for the anorexigenic effect of ghrelin in LWS than HWS chicks, which was
associated with differential hypothalamic AMPK signaling. ICV injection of ghrelin
iii
inhibited corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH), 20-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
(20HSD), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), CPT1 and FTO expression in LWS but not HWS
chicks. Additionally, the hypothalamic mRNA level of ghrelin was significantly higher in
LWS than HWS chicks, which may also contribute to the differential threshold response
to ghrelin in these two lines. Obestatin caused a linear dose-dependent increase in food
intake in HWS but not LWS chicks. The orexigenic effect of obestatin in HWS chicks
was not associated with altered AMPK. Obestatin inhibited LEPR and FTO expression in
HWS but not LWS chicks. Thus, selection for body weight may alter the hypothalamic
response to ghrelin by the AMPK pathway, CRH pathway, CPT1 and FTO, and to
obestatin by LEPR and FTO.Ph. D.
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Taylor, Lemuel W. Willoughby Darryn Scott. "Effects of low- and high-intensity single-leg resistance exercise on the mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK1/2 family signal transduction response in skeletal muscle of untrained males." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/4894.
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Echeverri, Christophe de Jesus. "A comparative study of high and low molecular weight microtubule-associated protein 2 (HMW-MAP2 and MAP2c) in differentiating neurons and transfected fibroblasts cells." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6823.
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Microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) is the most abundant MAP in vertebrate brain tissues, and the best studied of all structural MAPs. In adult brain, it is present as one or two high-molecular weight polypeptides (HMW-MAP2, $\sim$280kDa by SDS-PAGE) which segregate to the somato-dendritic compartments of neurons. Apart from its ontogeny and sequence, little is known about MAP2c biochemistry, although sequence similarities with HMW-MAP2 suggest that the smaller isoform should also bind to MTs, promote their assembly, stabilize them, and possibly induce bundling. This thesis aimed to examine these questions about MAP2c by studying it in parallel with HMW-MAP2 both in differentiating neurons, and in transfected fibroblasts. Neuronal differentiation was examined in retinoic acid-induced P19 embryonal carcinoma cells, using an anti-$\beta$III-tubulin antibody to identify neurons. Expression of MAP2 was examined using three monoclonal antibodies, two of which (HM2 and AP18) recognized all forms of MAP2, while the third (AP14) was specific for HMW-MAP2. Onset of detectable expression of MAP2 was found to coincide with initial neurite outgrowth of P19 EC-derived neurons. The HM2 antibody stained almost all visible neurons, while AP18 stained a smaller subset, and AP14, the smallest. Only the HM2 antibody stained filopodia on some cell bodies and neurite shafts, as well as some growth cones. It is proposed that MAP2 is present as two or more subpopulations which sort differently within the cell. Transient transfections into 3T3 fibroblasts confirmed that MAP2c binds to MTs, stabilizes them against colchicine-induced depolymerization, and induces the formation of MT bundles. It is proposed that MAP2-induced bundles initially arise through the funnelling of MTOC-based MTs into thin cytoplasmic extensions which are eventually resorbed into the cell body. MT bundles are then released from the MTOC, and their stability is slightly decreased as a result. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Menhofer, Dominik [Verfasser], and Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Reincke. "Glukosemetabolismus und Ketoseinduktion unter low-carbohydrate/high-fat-Diäten in der Ratte : Was bewirkt eine Modulation des Fett-zu-Protein-Verhältnisses? / Dominik Menhofer. Betreuer: Martin Reincke." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1060005727/34.
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Ijato, Toyosi [Verfasser], and Uwe [Akademischer Betreuer] Ludewig. "Understanding the role of the Calcineurin B-like (CBL) proteins and the CBL-Interacting Protein Kinases (CIPK) of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the regulation of its high affinity ammonium transporters / Toyosi Ijato ; Betreuer: Uwe Ludewig." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1233353195/34.
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Schmiele, Marcio 1979. "Interações físicas e químicas entre isolado protéico de soja e glúten vital durante a extrusão termoplástica a alta e baixa umidade para a obtenção de análogo de carne = Physical and chemical interactions between isolated soy protein and vital gluten during thermoplastic extrusion at high and low moisture content to obtain meat analogue." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255892.
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Orientador: Yoon Kil ChangTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: Os análogos de carne obtidos por extrusão termoplástica de proteínas vegetais são caracterizados pelo seu elevado teor proteico e estrutura semelhante às fibras da carne, envolvendo diversos tipos de ligações e/ou interações químicas entre as proteínas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características tecnológicas e físico-químicas de análogos de carne, à base de isolado proteico de soja, obtidos por processo de extrusão termoplástica a alta umidade (AU) e baixa umidade (BU). Para cada condição de umidade foi utilizado um Delineamento Composto Central Rotacional de três variáveis independentes (glúten vital, umidade de condicionamento e temperatura de extrusão). As variáveis dependentes avaliadas foram a textura instrumental, cor instrumental, capacidade de absorção de água, índice de solubilidade em água, capacidade de absorção de óleo, índice de dispersibilidade de proteína, energia mecânica específica e o tipo de interações proteicas. Estas interações foram avaliadas através de sete tipos de solventes específicos: (i) tampão fosfato para as proteínas no estado nativo; (ii) dodecil sulfato de sódio para as interações hidrofóbicas e iônicas; (iii) Triton 100X para as interações hidrofóbicas; (iv) ureia para as interações hidrofóbicas e pontes de hidrogênio; (v) ß-mercaptoetanol para as ligações dissulfeto; e (vi) ß-mercaptoetanol e ureia e (vii) dodecil sulfato de sódio e ureia, para avaliar o efeito sinérgico entre os sistemas. O ponto otimizado (caracterizado principalmente por promover maiores valores de L* e de capacidade de absorção de água, menores valores de índice de solubilidade em água, de capacidade de absorção de óleo, de desnaturação proteica e valores intermediários de textura instrumental e de energia mecânica específica) foi processado juntamente com uma amostra controle para ambos os processos com o intuito de validar os modelos matemáticos e avaliar as possíveis alterações na morfologia dos análogos de carne, na massa molecular das proteínas, na composição de aminoácidos totais e na desnaturação proteica. As melhores condições de processamento foram obtidos para os análogos de carne contendo de 12 e 5 % de glúten vital, 58 e 18 % de umidade de condicionamento e 135 e 100 °C para a temperatura de extrusão, para o processo AU e BU, respectivamente. As principais interações proteína-proteína encontradas nos análogos de carne foram as ligações dissulfeto e ligações de hidrogênio para o processo AU e as ligações dissulfeto e interações iônicas para o processo BU. A adição de glúten vital promoveu uma aparência mais lisa e melhor orientação na estrutura das fibras. Verificou-se que ocorreu aumento nas proteínas de baixa massa molecular e diminuição nas proteínas de alta massa molecular. No perfil de aminoácidos totais houve maior variação negativa para os aminoácidos essenciais (triptofano e treonina), semi essenciais (cisteína) e não essenciais (serina), indicando que houve redução no valor nutricional. As estruturas secundárias (a-hélice, ß-folha, ß-volta e a estrutura desordenada) mostraram alteração na sua conformação devido à desnaturação proteica e formação de novos agregados
Abstract: Meat analogue obtained by termoplastic extrusion of vegetable proteins are characterized by its high protein levels and structure similar to meat fibers, which comprises many types of chemical bonds and/or interactions between proteins. The aim of this work was to evaluate the technological and physico-chemical characteristics of meat analogue based on isolated soy protein obtained by thermoplastic extrusion process at high moisture (HM) and low moisture (LM) content. For each moisture condition was used a Central Rotational Composite Design with three independent variables (vital gluten, moisture content and extrusion temperature). The dependent variables evaluated were instrumental texture, instrumental color, water absorption capacity, water solubility index, oil absorption capacity, protein dispersibility index, specific mechanical energy, and the type of protein interactions. These interactions were evaluated using seven specific solvents types: (i) phosphate buffer for proteins in native state; (ii) sodium dodecil sulphate for hydrophobic and ionic interactions; (iii) Triton 100X for hydrophobic interactions; (iv) urea for hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds; (v) ß-mercaptoethanol for dissulfide bonds; and (vi) ß-mercaptoethanol and urea and (vii) sodium dodecil sulphate and urea, for the synergistic effect between the systems. The optimized point (characterized mainly by promoting higher values for L* and water absorption capacity, lower values for water solubility index, oil absoption capacity and protein denaturation and intermediate values for instrumental texture and specific mechanical energy) was processed, together with a control sample for each processes, in order to validate the mathematical models and to evaluate possibles changes in the meat analogues morphology, in the protein molecular weight, in the total amino acid composition, and in the protein denaturation. The best processing conditions were obtained for the meat analogue containing 12 and 5 % of vital gluten, 58 and 18 % of moisture content and 135 and 100 °C of extrusion temperature, for the HM and LM processes, respectively. The main protein-protein interactions found in meat analogues were the dissulfide bonds and hydrogen bonds for the LM process and the dissulfide bonds and ionic interactions for the HM process. The addition of vital gluten promoted a smoother appearance and better orientation in the fiber structure. It was found that occured an increase in the protein with low molecular weight and a reduction in the protein with high molecular weight. There were a greater negative variation for the essential (tryptophan and threonine), semi-essential (cysteine) and nonessential (serine) amino acids in the total amino acid profile, indicating a reduction of the nutritional value. The secondary structure (a-helix, ß-sheet, ß-turn and disordered structure) showed alteration in its conformation due to the protein denaturation and formation of new aggregates
Doutorado
Tecnologia de Alimentos
Doutor em Tecnologia de Alimentos
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Mezaroba, Deise Fátima. "Efeitos da dieta hipoproteica-hiperglicídica sobre o metabolismo desiodativo e as ações periféricas dos hormônios tireóideos." Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 2015. http://ri.ufmt.br/handle/1/690.
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A dieta hipoproteica-hiperglicídica (LPHC), administrada a ratos machos por 15 ou 45 dias, logo após o desmame, altera vários parâmetros metabólicos e hormonais. Sabe-se também que os hormônios produzidos pela glândula tireoide têm um papel fundamental a nível tecidual para a manutenção da homeostase do organismo. Diante disto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar os efeitos da dieta LPHC a longo prazo e da troca da dieta LHPC por dieta balanceada sobre o metabolismo desiodativo em diferentes tecidos, assim como algumas das ações atribuídas aos hormônios tireóideos. Ratos Wistar machos (~100g) foram randomicamente divididos em grupos conforme segue: 1) controles - alimentados com uma dieta com 17% de proteínas e 63% de carboidratos por 45 dias (C45); 2) LPHC - alimentados com dieta contendo 6% de proteínas e 74% de carboidratos por 45 dias (LPHC45) e; 3) reversão - alimentados por 15 dias com a dieta LPHC e por mais 30 dias com a dieta controle (R) (ANOVA-1 via; p<0,05). A quantificação da concentração do hormônio tireoestimulante no sangue dos animais do grupo R mostrou um aumento de 11,7% e 11,6%, se comparado ao grupo C45 e ao grupo LPHC45, respectivamente (C45: 8439,58 ± 59,46; LPHC45: 8448,06 ± 105,86; R: 9428,39 ± 48,96 pg/mL). A análise da expressão proteica da iodotironina desiodase 1 em fígado, rins e tireoide e da iodotironina desiodase 2 em tecido adiposo marrom, músculos extensor digital longo e sóleo, hipotálamo e hipófise mostrou alteração somente no fígado do grupo LPHC45, com aumento de 17,38% da isoforma 1, em relação aos animais controles. Este grupo também apresentou aumento de 27,02% no conteúdo do receptor hepático para hormônio tireóideo β1, comparando-se ao grupo C45. A avaliação do perfil lipídico de jejum mostrou redução do colesterol total (C45: 97,35 ± 7,87; LPHC45: 65,41 ± 4,78; R: 94,32 ± 5,25 mg/dL), colesterol HDL (C45: 56,58 ± 3,90; LPHC45: 36,74 ± 1,28; R: 54,21 ± xvii 4,30 mg/dL), colesterol VLDL (C45: 22,92 ± 1,44; LPHC45: 15,89 ± 1,50; R: 22,07 ± 1,70 mg/dL) e triglicerídeos (C45: 114,61 ± 7,18; LPHC45: 79,46 ± 7,49; R: 110,36 ± 8,48 mg/dL) nos animais submetidos à dieta LPHC por 45 dias. A expressão hepática da enzima 7α-hidroxilase e da proteína de ligação ao elemento de resposta aos esteróis aumentou 43,96% e 36,27%, respectivamente, no grupo LPHC45, quando comparadas ao grupo C45. A atividade das enzimas málica (C45: 85,92 ± 9,01; LPHC45: 171,63 ± 14,98; R: 159,09 ± 13,16 nmol.mg prot-1.min-1) e ATP-citrato liase (C45: 290,88 ± 11,57; LPHC45: 444,98 ± 20,79; R: 386,75 ± 23,47 nmol.mg prot-1.min-1) foi maior nos grupos LPHC45 e R, em relação ao grupo C45. A análise conjunta destes dados demonstra que a dieta hipoproteica-hiperglicídica administrada por 45 dias leva a alterações no metabolismo desiodativo hepático, modulando o perfil lipídico e que talvez possam resultar em um futuro quadro de esteatose hepática.
The low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet (LPHC) administered to male rats for 15 or 45 days after weaning, change various metabolic and hormonal parameters. It is also known that the hormones produced by the thyroid gland have a key role to tissue level to maintain body’s homeostasis. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the LPHC diet long-term and exchange of LHPC diet for balanced diet on the deiodinative metabolism in different tissues, as well as some of the actions attributed to thyroid hormone. Male Wistar rats (~100g) were randomly divided into the following groups: 1) controls - fed a diet containing 17% protein and 63% carbohydrates for 45 days (C45 group); 2) LPHC - fed a diet containing 6% protein and 74% carbohydrates for 45 days (LPHC45 group), and 3) reversal - fed for 15 days with LPHC diet and for 30 days with the control diet (R group) (ANOVA-one way; p<0.05). The quantification of the concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone in the blood of the animals of the R group showed an increase of 11.7% and 11.6%, compared with the C45 group and LPHC45 group, respectively (C45: 8439.58 ± 59.46; LPHC45: 8448.06 ± 105.86; R: 9428.39 ± 48.96 pg/mL). Analysis of protein expression of iodothyronine deiodinase 1 in liver, kidney and thyroid, and protein expression of iodothyronine deiodinase 2 in brown adipose tissue, long digital extensor and soleus muscles, hypothalamus, and pituitary only showed alteration in liver of the LPHC45 group, with an increase of 17.38% in the isoform 1, compared with the control animals. This group also showed an increase of 27.02% in the content of liver receptor for thyroid hormone β1 compared with the C45 group. The fasting lipid profile showed a reduction in total cholesterol (C45: 97.35 ± 7.87; LPHC45: 65.41 ± 4.78; R: 94.32 ± 5.25 mg/dL), in HDL cholesterol (C45: 56.58 ± 3.90; LPHC45: 36.74 ± 1.28, R: 54.21 ± 4.30 mg/dL), in VLDL (C45: 22 92 ± 1.44; LPHC45: 15.89 ± 1.50; R: 22.07 ± 1.70 mg/dL), xix and triglycerides (C45: 114.61 ± 7.18; LPHC45: 79.46 ± 7 49; R: 110.36 ± 8.48 mg/dL) in animals subjected to LPHC diet for 45 days. The hepatic expression of 7α-hydroxylase enzyme and the binding protein sterol response element had an increase of 43.96% and 36.27%, respectively, in LPHC45 group when compared with the C45 group. The activity of malic enzyme (C45: 85.92 ± 9.01; LPHC45: 171.63 ± 14.98; R: 159.09 ± 13.16 nmol.mg prot-1 .min-1) and ATP-citrate lyase (C45: 290.88 ± 11.57; LPHC45: 444.98 ± 20.79; R: 386.75 ± 23.47 nmol.mg prot-1 .min-1) was higher in LPHC45 and R groups, compared with C45 group. The analysis of these data shows that the low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet administered for 45 days leads to alterations in hepatic deiodinative metabolism by modulating the lipid profile and that may perhaps result in a future framework of hepatic steatosis.
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Sloupová, Klára. "Izolace čistých aminokyselin z pšeničných otrub." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-449764.
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Wheat bran is a promising material containing a wide range of useful components, including proteins. In addition, it is produced in significant volumes. Currently, wheat bran is used for the production of energy by combustion and for feed purposes. Gradually, new methods of valorization of this material are being sought. One of the possibilities of using wheat bran is the isolation of proteins, hydrolysis, and separation of selected amino acids. This diploma thesis deals with this issue, it is focused on the recovery of arginine and leucine from a protein isolate. Proteins were extracted from wheat bran by changing the pH. Thanks to the subsequent lyophilization a protein isolate was gained. Prior to hydrolysis of the resulting isolate, a stability test of arginine and leucine amino acid standards was first performed, to which various hydrolysis methods were applied. Acid hydrolysis using a mineralizer, which was applied to the protein isolate, was proved to be the most effective. This was followed by the derivatization of the hydrolysates with OPA and analysis of the resulting hydrolysates by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV-VIS detection. Then, suitable adsorption and desorption conditions were optimized. It was found that the time dependence does not affect the amount of adsorbed material on the sorbent. Therefore, an application time of 15 minutes was chosen. While optimizing the amount of used standard, it was found that the optimal weight was 0.25 g of sorbent. The selected conditions were applied to the protein hydrolyzate. Two fractions were obtained by the separation of selected amino acids due to the change in the pH of the citrate buffer. After the application of this procedure, 0.26 g of arginine and 0.82 g of leucine were obtained from one kilogram after evaporation. From evaporation two, 1.01 g of arginine and 0.25 g of leucine were obtained after evaporation.
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Sanchez, Dyana. "Etude structurale et fonctionnelle de la régulation de la compétence et du processus de transformation chez Streptococcus pneumoniae." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS050.
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La transformation génétique naturelle contribue au maintien et à l'évolution des génomes bactériens, elle constitue pour les bactéries un mécanisme clé pour s'adapter à l'environnement. Elle permet l'intégration d'ADN exogène au sein du chromosome bactérien par recombinaison homologue lors d'un état physiologique particulier de la bactérie appelé compétence. Mon travail de thèse a porté sur la régulation de la compétence chez S. pneumoniae (ComD, ComE) et sur les interactions entre les protéines impliquées dans la prise en charge, le traitement et la recombinaison de l'ADN transformant (DprA, RecA). Chez cette bactérie, l'entrée en compétence est sous le contrôle du système à deux composantes ComD-ComE qui induit la transcription des gènes cibles. DprA est l'une des protéines surexprimée lors de la compétence, elle est très conservée dans le monde bactérien, et participe à la fermeture de la compétence via une interaction directe avec ComE. DprA est également une protéine centrale de la transformation impliquée dans la protection de l'ADN entrant contre les nucléases, et dans le recrutement de la recombinase RecA. L'analyse par SAXS du complexe ComD-ComE, la résolution de la structure cristallographique des domaines REC de ComE, et l'étude des interaction entre ComE et ses régions promotrices ont permis de mieux comprendre la chorégraphie de l'entrée en compétence de S. pneumoniae. En parallèle, nous avons étudié les interactions de SpDprA avec l'ADN et avec RecA. Ces données nous ont permis de proposer un modèle d'interaction entre DprA et RecA chez S. pneumoniae et de proposer un mécanisme de chargement de RecA sur l'ADNsb par DprA. Je me suis également intéressée à DprA de H. pylori en participant à la résolution de la structure 3D de son domaine C-terminal par RMN et en étudiant son interaction avec l'ADNdbThe natural genetic transformation contributes to the maintenance and the evolution of the genomes in bacteria; it is a key mechanism to adapt to their environment. It allows the integration of exogenous DNA into the bacterial chromosome by homologous recombination during a particular state called competence.My thesis focused on the regulation of the competence state in S. pneumoniae (ComD, ComE), and on the interactions between the proteins involved in the uptake, the processing and recombination of exogenous DNA (DprA, RecA). In this bacterium, the opening of the competence is under the control of the two-component system ComD-ComE, who induces the transcription of target genes. DprA is one of the protein induced during the competence state, it is very conserved into the bacterial kingdom, and is involved in the closure of competence via direct interaction with ComE. DprA is also a key transformation protein involved in processing the incoming DNA, protection against nucleases, and recruitment of the RecA recombinase. SAXS analysis of the ComD-ComE, resolution of the crystallographic structure of ComE REC domain study of the interactions between ComE and its promoter regions allowed us to understand the choreography of competence opening in S. pneumoniae. Meanwhile, we studied spDprA interactions with DNA and with RecA. These data allowed us to propose an interaction model between DprA and RecA in S. pneumoniae and to propose a mechanism for RecA's loading on the ssDNA by DprA. I focused too on H. pylori DprA participating on the resolution of the 3D structure of the C-terminal domain by NMR and studying its interaction with the dsDNA
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Baron, Stéphanie. "Insulino-résistance et vieillissement cardiovasculaire : un traitement chronique par le resvératrol peut-il les améliorer ?" Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01002731.
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Le vieillissement de la population est le résultat de l'amélioration de la prise en charge des individus, en particulier des sujets âgés, conduisant à l'apparition d'une nouvelle catégorie démographique, le quatrième âge avec les plus de 75 ans. Cette population polypathologique présente de nombreuses spécificités, avec entre autres, une intolérance au glucose, un état de dénutrition et une altération des fonctions cardiovasculaires, les maladies cardiovasculaires restant la première cause de mortalité dans cette tranche d'âge. Comme évoqué dès les années 50 par Harman, le stress oxydant pourrait jouer un rôle important dans l'ensemble de ces comorbidités. Le resvératrol, un polyphénol anti-oxydant connu pour ses biens-faits cardiovasculaires pourrait ainsi être une molécule d'intérêt dans ce contexte. Nos objectifs dans ce travail ont donc été d'évaluer les effets d'un traitement chronique par le resvératrol accompagné ou non d'une prise en charge nutritionnelle chez la souris très âgée. Ces effets du resvératrol ont été étudiés aussi bien sur le plan métabolique que sur le phénotype cardiovasculaire. Nos résultats montrent qu'un régime riche en protéines et pauvre en glucides a des effets variables en fonction de l'âge. Sans effet sur la souris jeune, il devient délétère chez la souris adulte et très âgée avec une majoration de l'altération de l'homéostasie glucidique associée à une détérioration du bilan lipidique. Ces dysrégulations métaboliques ont pour conséquence une dégradation accrue des fonctions artérielles et cardiaques. Chez la souris très âgée, un traitement par le resvératrol amplifie les dommages liés à ce régime en accentuant les altérations métaboliques et cardiovasculaires, soulignant, et ce pour la première fois, de potentiels effets délétères du resvératrol dans le cadre du vieillissement. En revanche, chez la souris âgée dénutrie en l'absence de prise en charge nutritionnelle, le resvératrol présente des effets bénéfiques avec une amélioration de l'insulino-sensibilité et des fonctions artérielles, associée à une modification d'expression de TXNIP, protéine à l'interface de la régulation de l'homéostasie du glucose et de la balance oxydative, faisant d'elle une piste à explorer tant pour expliquer certains mécanismes impliqués dans le vieillissement que dans les effets du resvératrol.
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Rahimi, Eichi Vahid. "Understanding the interactions between biomass, grain yield and grain protein content in low and high protein wheat cultivars." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/129088.
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Grain protein content (GPC) is a key quality attribute and an important marketing trait in wheat. However, a negative relationship between grain yield and GPC has limited selection for increased GPC, since grain yield is the primary driver of breeding programs. GPC is strongly influenced by nitrogen (N) fertilizer application, but the N-use efficiency (NUE) of high and low GPC genotypes appears to be genetically determined. The aim of this PhD thesis was to investigate the grain yield-GPC relationship under controlled and field conditions, and to suggest selection targets and traits for improving NUE in wheat. Firstly, the N responsiveness of six wheat genotypes that varied in GPC were examined under controlled condition. This experiment was designed around non-destructive estimation of biomass using a high-throughput image-based phenotyping system. In parallel, field trials were conducted to allow the comparison of results obtained from the controlled condition study using the six selected genotypes. Estimating the rate of biomass accumulation in breeding plots in the field is difficult. Therefore, the growth rate of biomass related traits such as height and ground cover were assessed in these trials. To examine the grain yield- GPC relationship under multi-environmental conditions, the grain yield and GPC data of over 200 wheat genotypes obtained from the Australian National Variety Trials (NVT) across the Australian wheat-belt were analysed. Results of the controlled environment experiment showed that high GPC genotypes appeared to demand more N to grow their biomass. In both controlled and field environments, high GPC genotypes slowed down the rate of biomass growth under low N supply. Under low yielding conditions, high GPC genotypes seemed able to manage grain N reserves by compromising biomass production. These results indicated the importance of biomass growth analysis to show the differences in the N responsiveness of high and low GPC genotypes. Differences between high and low GPC genotypes in responding to low N could be due to their history of selection. N effect is strongly associated with the amount of available water in the soil. Controlled and multi-environmental studies showed that the slope of the relationship between grain yield and GPC is steeper in low compared to high yielding environments. Therefore, high GPC genotypes bred under stress conditions sacrifice yield in favour of GPC, possibly to enhance the survival chance by producing fewer grains with sufficient nutrient levels. Conversely, low GPC genotypes bred in high yielding environment are less conservative compared to high GPC genotypes in using N for yield production. The outcomes of this PhD project highlight the importance of considering environmental factors for improving NUE in breeding programs. It recommends that wheat breeders focus on selecting in low yielding environments for high yield and high GPC genotypes.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2020
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Anderson, Margaret Jean. "Purification and characterization of a low molecular weight protein of wheat flour." 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/17426.
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Peng, Hsien-Kang, and 彭賢剛. "FEASIBILITY OF MAKING CHINESE NOODLES FROM SOFT WHEAT WITH HIGH PROTEIN CONTENT." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18913760114470475637.
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碩士大同大學
生物工程學系(所)
101
Soft white wheat produces white color flour with higher flour extraction and its cost was lower than hard red wheat flour. In order to reducing process costs and increasing types of Chinese noodles, this study aimed to replace hard red wheat flour (HRW, the protein content of HRW130 was 13.0%) by different protein content of soft white wheat flour (SWW, the protein content of SWW115 and SWW107 were 11.5% and 10.7%, respectively) to make chinese noodle and evaluate the quality of noodle including color stability, eating quality, hardness and cooking resistance in comparison with current noodles flour (CAPF) being used in Taiwan. The replacement ratio was 70% and 40%, respectively. The texture properties of dough and noodles, and the sensory of noodle evaluation were evaluated. The results showed that the flour and bran yield of SWW was higher than HRW, and its short yield was lower than HRW. A comparison of pasting characteristics of CAPF to HRW130, SWW115/HRW(70:30) and SWW107/HRW(40:60) indicated higher peak viscosity, hot paste viscosity and cool paste viscosity. The pasting characteristics of SWW115/HRW(70:30) and SWW107/HRW(40:60) was similar. In the dough properties, SWW115/HRW(70:30) and SWW107/HRW(40:60) had lower water content of dough, dough stability and dough development of time than CAPF. The dough extensibility of SWW107 was highest; therefore the dough resistance to extension of CAPF was highest. The noodles made with SWW115/HRW(70:30) flour samples were found more stable. There were no difference on degenerate rate of product height on all of cooked noodles, but the degenerate rate of hardness, gumminess and chewiness of SWW115/HRW(70:30) was highest. The noodles made with SWW115 flour samples were found more stable on tension force and tension distance. The results of sensory perspective evaluation of noodles showed that there were no difference between SWW115/HRW(70:30) and SWW107/HRW(40:60). These results indicated that to replace hard red wheat flourby soft white wheat flour can make high quality chinese noodle.
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Wu, Yangsheng. "Wet-processing of low-protein hard winter wheat flour to improve its breadmaking potential." 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/27601.
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"A study of C - repeat binding factors (CBF) associated with low temperature tolerance locus in winter wheat." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2013-04-1001.
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Winter wheat has several advantages over spring varieties, higher (25 % more) yield, efficient use of spring moisture, reduction of soil erosion by providing ground cover during the fall and early spring, rapid initial spring growth to out - compete weeds and circumvent the peak of Fusarium head blight infections by flowering early. Winter wheat is planted in early autumn when it germinates and developing seedlings acclimate to cold. The crown survives under snow cover and in spring rapidly grows into a vigorously growing plant for grain to be harvested in summer. However, the harsh Canadian prairie winters require that winter wheat has increased cold hardiness and improved winter survival to reduce losses from sudden cold snaps during winter and spring.
Low temperature (LT) tolerance is one of the major components of cold hardiness. Genetic mapping studies have revealed a major quantitative trait locus (Fr-A2) at wheat chromosome 5A which can explain at least 50 % of LT tolerance in wheat. Physical mapping of 5A LT QTL in a hardy winter wheat cv Norstar revealed a cluster of at least 23 C - repeat binding factors (CBF) coinciding with peak of Fr-A2 QTL. The objective of this study is biochemical, and molecular characterization of CBF co - located at Fr-A2 to identify key CBF participating in conferring LT tolerance in winter wheat.
A comparative analysis of CBF gene cluster at the Fr-A2 collinear region among Poaceae members showed an expansion in the number of CBF genes with increased LT tolerance. Rice, a cold sensitive member, had only three CBF genes, whereas cold hardy winter wheat cv Norstar has 23 CBF genes. Amino acid sequence - based cluster analysis of complete CBF genes, or their major functional components such as the AP2 - DNA binding domain and C - terminal trans - activation domain, divide Norstar CBF into Pooideae specific clades. However, analyses of Norstar CBF amino acid sequences of different functional groups revealed a shift in clade members. These results suggest divergence of CBF functions which could lead to possible differences / similarity in the regulon activated by a CBF in a specific group.
The 15 CBF genes from winter wheat cv Norstar were expressed in E. coli to produce recombinant TrxHisS - CBF fusion proteins in adequate quantities for structural and functional assays. All CBF fusion proteins could be recovered in the E. coli soluble phase of cell extract, except that the CBF17.0 fusion protein could only be recovered with 6 M urea extraction. Eleven of the 15 CBF fusion proteins were very stable in heat (98 oC), 10 % SDS and 6 M urea treatment. The five other CBF members were very labile under native conditions, but were stable in E. coli cell extracts or when extracted under denaturing conditions. Most of the CBF recombinant proteins in denaturing gel electrophoresis migrated slower than expected from their predicted molecular mass, based on amino acid sequence. The slow migration could be associated to their elongated protein structure as determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS). CBF 12.2 and CBF 17.0 were highly resistant to denaturation and retained their secondary structure in these conditions as determined by circular dichroism (CD) spectra. The high stability of these two CBF proteins may be important for cold acclimation or maintenance of cold hardiness in wheat.
CBF proteins are transcription factors that bind to the dehydration-responsive element / C-repeat element (DRE / CRT) motif (CCGAC). Ten of the 15 Norstar recombinant CBFs whether purified under native or denaturing conditions showed in vitro binding to the CRT motif. Within hours of cold exposure (4 oC) the native CBF increased their affinity to CRT interaction which could be due to changes in the CBF secondary structures. Some of the CBF for binding preferred the core GGCCGAC motif while others preferred TGCCGAC. Similarly binding assays with truncated CBF revealed that for some CBF proteins, the second signature motif (DSAWR) and remaining C - terminal were not needed, while for others a considerable portion of the C -terminal region was needed for binding. Norstar CBF 12.1 has a memory of cold experience, and upon exposure to cold, has a high and immediate affinity to CRT elements. A homolog CBF12.2 in less cold - hardy winter wheat cv Cappelle - Desprez had a non - functional protein due to a R → Q substitution in a highly conserved residue within the AP2 domain. Several of the cv Norstar CBFs showed increased activity under LT and denaturing conditions, which may be the reason for the greater cold hardiness in Norstar.
In conclusion, detailed and extensive analyses of CBF in this study characterized their structure and function relationships, which are important for understanding and improving LT tolerance in plants. The identification of specific CRT binding motifs and two CBFs which were very stable under adverse conditions may be prime candidates for further study to improve LT tolerance in plants.
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Shahriari-Ahmadi, Farajollah. "The effects of low-molecular-weight and high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits on physical dough properties of bread wheat / by Farajollah Shahriani-Ahmadi." 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/22459.
Full textAbstract:
Bibliography: leaves 223-249.vi, 249, [9] leaves of plates : ill. ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Demonstrates association between Glu-3 alleles encoding low molecular weight glutenins and the dough properties of wheat flours, as well as the interaction between Glu-3 and Glu-1 (high moilecular weight glutenin) in determing dough properties.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Plant Science, 1998
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Shahriari-Ahmadi, Farajollah. "The effects of low-molecular-weight and high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits on physical dough properties of bread wheat / by Farajollah Shahriani-Ahmadi." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/22459.
Full textAbstract:
Bibliography: leaves 223-249.vi, 249, [9] leaves of plates : ill. ; 30 cm.
Demonstrates association between Glu-3 alleles encoding low molecular weight glutenins and the dough properties of wheat flours, as well as the interaction between Glu-3 and Glu-1 (high moilecular weight glutenin) in determing dough properties.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Plant Science, 1998
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Hsu, Ju-Shan, and 許如珊. "Development of the low lipid and high protein content bread chip as snack food." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/n4zkd6.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
食品暨應用生物科技學系所
101
Most market snack foods, mostly made of starch, through the processes of frying to reach the purpose of dehydration , with fried-up, crispy taste. Although these snacks foods are with crispy texture and delicious to eat, after the high temperature frying processes, they are prone to be with high calories and low nutritional value. Consequently, they are thought of leading people to a varieties of modern diseases. The design of this study is to take the fundamental formula of bread snacks, though adjust the content of protein in the raw materials, to develop a brand new kind of snack food with high nutritional value and low lipid, by baking the sliced crisp bread of 0.2cm. There are four sets of processed bread chips with different percentage of protein, including 10%, 30%, 50%, and one set adding glutinous rice flour, with 50% protein, designed in the study. Because of adding glutinous rice flour into the last set of 50% protein bread chips, they are not too crispy to break into pieces. The content analysis shows that the last set, adding glutinous rice flour, contains over 52.8% of protein, 39.8% of carbohydrate, 1.6% of fat, 2.7% of ash content, and 3.1% of water. It contains 385kcal of every 100 gram of the last set of bread chips. Therefore, it has the characteristics of high nutritional value and low lipid. According to the food texture analysis, the raw bread chips are less crispy than the potato chips. In addition, in the aspects of the sensory evaluation, the last set are generally over 5 points out of 10. A sensory evaluation is taken by comparing the last set of high-protein, glutinous rice flour bread chips, adding some fragrances for the flavor, with potato chips sold in the market. The comparison shows that there is no significant differences between the two groups in terms of items inspected in the sensory evaluation, and the glutinous rice flour bread chips are scored 7 points out of 10 in average. It show that the glutinous rice flour bread chips are with high market potential.
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Miller, Maria Andrea. "Highly concentrated, nanoclusters of self-crowded monoclonal antibodies for low viscosity, subcutaneous injections." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-05-2662.
Full textAbstract:
Delivery of protein therapeutics is restricted to intravenous infusions due to protein-dependent problems including low solubilities, high viscosities, and physical instabilities. The ability to inject high concentrations of proteins via subcutaneous injections would increase accessibility and compliance. Large particles of a protein in a non-aqueous solvent can decrease the viscosity over a solution of equally concentrated individual protein molecules. The lower viscosity of a particle suspension is due to decreased surface area resulting in reduced electroviscous effects, solvation and deviations of the particle shape from a spherical geometry.
Additional studies show that aqueous-based dispersions of antibody nanoclusters can be formed by increasing the attractive interactions between protein molecules using the excluded volume effects of extrinsic crowding agents. These novel, equilibrium, nanoclusters are maintained by a balance of highly attractive interactions and weak electrostatic repulsive interactions near the protein’s pI. These protein nanoclusters are ideal for subcutaneous delivery as they have low interactions between the colloids, are reversible in nature, and dissolve rapidly upon dilution in a buffer media. Through in vivo mouse studies, the bioavailability of a monoclonal antibody in the dispersion is prolonged and higher doses can be administered versus a solution. Overall, these studies with high concentration, low viscosity subcutaneous injections of protein therapeutics open new opportunities in biotechnology.
For oral delivery of itraconzole, controlled flocculation of individual polymerically-stabilized nanoparticles is used to increase supersaturation. Flocculation of these nanoparticles is achieved by desolvating the polymer by changing the pH. The flocculated dispersions can then be easily filtered. The final amorphous powder maintains high supersaturation with simulated stomach and small intestine conditions and improves bioavailability of itraconazole, over the commercial product, Sporanox®.text
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Gresty, Katelin. "Implications of a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet on heart size in a young murine model." Thesis, 2013. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/977719/1/Gresty_MSc_F2013.pdf.
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Objective: The incidence of childhood obesity in North America and around the world has risen significantly over the past decade leaving clinicians constantly searching for effective weight loss strategies. Despite the growing popularity or carbohydrate restricted diets, consequences of long term use remain widely unknown. The objective of the current investigation is to evaluate the effects of LCHF diets on heart size and cardiac glycogen content in young mice. Methods: Young mice (age 21 d, n = 24) and mature mice (age 84 d, n = 18) were placed on either a LCHF diet, a WD diet or a control diet for 12 weeks. Activity levels, body weight, and glucose values were measured during the investigation. At the competition of the dietary intervention, wet heart weights were measured to compute the heart weight-to-tibia length ratio, cross sectional area was calculated and sections of cardiac tissue were stained with periodic acid and Schiff reagent to visualize glycogen. Results: No differences in activity levels or glucose measures were noted between groups. Mice following the LCHF diet displayed a smaller heart weight-to-tibia length ratio when compared to controls. The trend was observed in both young (p = 0.012) and mature (p = 0.024) mice. No differences in cross sectional area were detected. Cardiac tissue from mice consuming the LCHF diet had a reduced percentage of total area stained positive for glycogen when compared to mice following the WD diet (p = 0.016). Conclusions: A LCHF diet can lead to the development of a smaller heart in young and mature mice. Alterations in intercellular cardiac glycogen content may contribute to differences observed in heart weight. Cardiac restricted diets should be recommended with caution as long term cardiac developmental impairments are unknown.
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Guenette, Suzanne Yolande. "Compositional changes and enzymes of nitrogen metabolism in high- and low-protein oats during nitrogen accumulation." 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/30029.
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Guest, Dolores Doane. "Possible role of the hypothalamic melanocortin system to induce satiety by high protein/low carbohydrate diets /." 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3362800.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2009.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-06, Section: B, page: 3441. Advisers: Kelly A. Tappenden; J. Lee Beverly. Includes bibliographical references. Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.
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Ye, Tiao-Ling, and 葉條翎. "Enhanced production of recombinant low-molecular-weight protein in Escherichia coli by high cell density cultivation." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48hfq7.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大同大學
生物工程學系(所)
106
Production of pharmaceutical proteins with high cell density culture of recombinant Escherichia coli has received considerable attention of the pharmaceutical industry. In this study, the fed-batch process was carried out in the fermentor to obtain the high cell density culture of recombinant E. coli BL21 (DE3) for heterologous expression of the low-molecular-weight protein. The results showed that protein expression by recombinant E. coli inoculated at 5 % was better than those at 2 % and 10 % with feeding of glucose solution only. Reduction in the feeding rate resulted in the decrease in target protein expression. By exponential feeding, the relative expression of target protein to a marker protein of 28KD was 4.8 folds after induction at mid-log growth phase with 1 mM IPTG for 8 hr. Addition of ampicillin to feeding solution led to 4.7 folds of relative expression of protein. The relative expression of target protein increased to 7.5 folds after induction by 1.5 mM IPTG at mid-log growth phase. Furthermore, 11-fold relative expression of target protein was obtained when feeding solution contained ammonium sulfate with induction by 2 mM IPTG.
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Barrow, Lisa C. "E7 PROTEINS OF HIGH-RISK (TYPE 16) AND LOW-RISK (TYPE 6) HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUSES REGULATE p130 DIFFERENTLY." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/2277.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are one of the most common causes of sexually transmitted disease in the world. HPVs are divided into high-risk (HR) or low-risk (LR) types based on their oncogenic potential. HPVs 16 and 18 are considered HR types and can cause cervical cancer. HPVs 6 and 11 are classified as LR and are associated with condyloma acuminata (genital warts). Viral proteins of both HR and LR HPVs must be able to facilitate a replication competent environment. The E7 proteins of LR and HR HPVs are responsible for maintenance of S-phase activity in infected cells. HR E7 proteins target all pRb family members (pRb, p107 and p130) for degradation. LR E7 does not target pRb or p107 for degradation, but does target p130 for degradation. Immunohistochemistry experiments on HPV 6 infected patient biopsies of condyloma acuminata showed that detection of p130 was decreased in the presence of the whole HPV 6 genome. Further, the effect of HR HPV 16 E7 and LR HPV 6 E7 on p130 intracellular localization and half-life was examined. Experiments were performed using human foreskin keratinocytes transduced with HPV 6 E7, HPV 16 E7 or parental vector. Nuclear/cytoplasmic fractionation and immunofluorescence showed that, in contrast to control and HPV 6 E7-expressing cells, a greater amount of p130 was present in the cytoplasm in the viii presence of HPV 16 E7. The half-life of p130, relative to control cells, was decreased in the cytoplasm in the presence of HPV 6 E7 or HPV 16 E7, but only decreased by HPV 6 E7 in the nucleus. Inhibition of proteasomal degradation extended the half-life of p130, regardless of intracellular localization. Experiments were also conducted to detect E7-binding partners. Cyclin C and cullin 5 were identified as proteins capable of binding to both HPV 6 E7 and HPV 16 E7. Preliminary experiments showed that decreasing protein levels of p600, a binding partner of both HPV 6 E7 and HPV 16 E7, by RNA interference might affect p130 stability. Elucidating the mechanisms of p130 degradation may identify potential targets for preventing degradation of p130 and allowing restoration of cell cycle control.
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Mehdikhani, Majid [Verfasser]. "Effects of low and high intensity exercises on serum mean values of myoglobin and heart-type fatty acid-binding protein in athletes / vorgelegt von: Majid Mehdikhani." 2010. http://d-nb.info/1007611634/34.
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"Will the Daily Consumption of Commercially Available High-Protein Pasta and Cereal, in Comparison to Traditional Gluten-Free Pasta and Cereal, Favorably Impact Weight Loss and Satiety in Adults Adhering to Calorie Restricted Diets?" Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.34894.
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abstract: ABSTRACT
Objective: This research examined the effectiveness of a weight loss diet incorporating high protein pasta and breakfast cereal products as compared to a weight loss diet using conventional versions of gluten-free pasta and breakfast cereal.
Design: In a 6-week parallel-arm food trial (representing the first phase of a 12-week cross-over trial), 26 overweight and obese (Mean BMI 43.1 ± 12.4 kg/m²) participants, free of related comorbidities, were randomly assigned to the Zone diet (~29% energy intake from protein) or a control diet (~9% energy from protein). Participants were included in the trial if they satisfied the criteria for elevated risk for metabolic syndrome (top half of the TG/HDL ratios of all who were tested). Participants were instructed to eat prepared meals (total of 7 cereal packets and 14 pasta meals weekly) that included patented food technologies for the Zone diet and commercially available gluten-free rice pasta and a conventional name brand boxed cereal for the control diet. Body composition was measured with a bioelectrical impedance scale at weeks 1, and 6. Food records and diet adherence were recorded daily by the participants.
Results: Both the Zone and control diets resulted in significant weight loss (-2.9 ± 3.1 kg vs. -2.7 ± 2.6 kg respectively) over time (p = 0.03) but not between groups (p = 0.96). Although not statistically significant, the Zone diet appears to have influenced more weight loss at trial weeks 3, 4, and 5 (p = 0.46) than the control diet. The change in FFM was significant (p = 0.02) between the Zone and control groups (1.4 ± 3.6 kg vs. -0.6 ± 1.5 kg respectively) at week-6. Study adherence did not differ significantly between diet groups (p = 0.53).
Conclusions: Energy-restricted diets are effective for short-term weight loss and high protein intake appears to promote protein sparing and preservation of FFM during weight loss. The macronutrient profile of the diet does not appear to influence calorie intake, but it does appear to influence the quality of weight loss. Other measures of body composition and overall health outcomes should be examined by future studies to appropriately identify the potential health effects between these diet types.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Nutrition 2015
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Bernier, Jennilee. "Impact of cold acclimatization on nutrient utilization and enteric methane emissions of beef cows overwintered on low-quality forage diets supplemented with dried distillers grain with solubles." 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4938.
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This study was conducted to determine if nutrient utilization and enteric methane (CH4) emissions could be improved in overwintering beef cows consuming low-quality forage supplemented with protein in the form of dried distillers grain with solubles (DDGS) in thermal-neutral and cold-stressed environments. Thirty mature, dry and non-pregnant beef cows were divided into three treatment groups and fed diets consisting of low-quality (6.0% crude protein; CP) forage with no DDGS (control, CON), 10% DDGS (borderline sufficient CP, 8.7% CP), or 20% DDGS (excess CP, 11.6% CP). Cold acclimatization did not appear to affect nutrient intake and digestibility by beef cows, but increased N and P excretion by 1.2x and 2.5x, respectively. Cold acclimatized cows reduced energy excretion by 26.8% (7.1 vs. 5.2 ± 0.30% GEI in fall and winter, respectively; P < 0.0001) in accordance with a 33.8% increase in rumen fluid rate of passage (ROP). Supplementation with DDGS improved digestibility of N and P (40.6 vs. 61.2 ± 2.45% N and -23.9 vs. 5.7 ± 5.95% P for CON and 20%DDGS, respectively; P < 0.0001) by increasing digestible substrate in the diet. Protein supplementation increased rumen NH3-N concentrations (1.5, 2.1 and 3.1 ± 0.15 mg 100 mL-1; P < 0.0001) enough to increase rumen fermentation efficiency, resulting in 18.5% lower enteric CH4 emissions when CP was fed in excess of animal requirements. Total excretion of N and P were increased two- and 45-fold, respectively, when excess CP was fed. Reduced enteric CH4 emissions as a result of cold acclimatization suggest an advantage for the Canadian beef herd in terms of environmental sustainability. Supplementing CP in excess of cow requirements may improve nutrient utilization and rumen fermentation efficiency, and mitigate enteric CH4 emissions in beef cows fed low-quality forage diets, but may also contribute to greater N and P loading of soil and ground water.
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Niftiyeva, Lala. "Development of a business plan for the opening of dietic coffee shop “Fit-Sweet”." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/34600.
Full textAbstract:
This final qualification work’s purpose is "Development of a business plan for the
opening of "Fit-Sweet cafe-confectionery". The company whose products are intended to be
fundamentally different from the competitors, will be operating in Lisbon. Within the
implementation of the project, it is planned to satisfy the needs of Lisbon residents in diet
desserts made of organic products. Regulatory legal acts of Portugal and also scientific and
educational literature were used to write the final qualifying work.
For developing a business plan of the company, and doing the correct investment in the
future development of the cafe, the micro and macro environments were studied, the internal
and competitive analysis were conducted. Based on the analysis, a strategic and marketing
plan was drawn up.
While conducting the business plan project for a dietary food enterprise the theoretical
foundations of business planning were analysed; benefits of that kind business and options
for its support identified; the activities aimed at the development of a cafe-confectionery /
coffee shop were developed.
The cafe will act as an individual entrepreneur, creating 8 jobs, payback period is 3
years. The main criteria for the selection of personnel are high qualifications in their field,
accuracy, sociability. The primary sources of finance are own funds and borrowed capital.
The main success factor is unique products: dietary, organic desserts high in protein which
are currently practically absent on the market.O objetivo deste trabalho de qualificação final é "Desenvolvimento de um plano de negócios para a abertura de" Confeitaria de café Fit-Sweet ". A empresa cujos produtos se destinam a ser fundamentalmente diferentes dos concorrentes estará operando em Lisboa. Este projeto está planejado para satisfazer as necessidades dos residentes de Lisboa em sobremesas dietéticas feitas com produtos orgânicos, e foram utilizados atos legais regulamentares de Portugal e também literatura científica e educacional para escrever o trabalho final de qualificação. Para desenvolver um plano de negócios da empresa e fazer o investimento correto no desenvolvimento futuro do café, foram estudados os ambientes micro e macro, foram realizadas análises internas e competitivas. Com base na análise, foi elaborado um plano estratégico e de marketing. Durante a condução do projeto do plano de negócios de uma empresa de alimentos dietéticos, os fundamentos teóricos do planejamento de negócios foram analisados; benefícios desse tipo de negócio e opções para seu suporte identificados; foram desenvolvidas as atividades destinadas ao desenvolvimento de uma cafeteria / confeitaria / cafeteria. O café atuará como empresário individual, criando 8 empregos, period de retorno è 3 anos. Os principais critérios para a seleção de pessoal são altas qualificações em seu campo, precisão, sociabilidade. As principais fontes de financiamento são fundos próprios e capital emprestado. O principal fator de sucesso são os produtos exclusivos: sobremesas dietéticas e orgânicas, ricas em proteínas, atualmente praticamente ausentes no mercado.
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Moreira, Rute Adriana Dias. "Estudo do desenvolvimento de um novo queijo fresco com alto teor em proteína e baixo teor em gordura." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/33555.
Full textAbstract:
O objetivo da presente dissertação consiste em descrever o trabalho desenvolvido realizado na Innolact, no âmbito do tema: “Estudo do desenvolvimento de um novo queijo fresco com alto teor em proteína e baixo teor em gordura”. Quescrem Proteína, é um queijo fresco, com semelhanças entre um queijo quark e um creme de queijo, produzido à base de leitelho, contem cerca de 2% gordura e, aproximadamente, 12% de proteína. com vista à colocação do mesmo no mercado no segmento para desportistas. A empresa, atualmente depara-se com um problema de textura no queijo, pois este evidencia uma granulosidade e adstringência, que parecem resultar da proporção gordura/proteína. O tamanho das partículas afeta não apenas as propriedades microestruturais e reológicas, mas também a perceção sensorial (Lucey e Singh, 1997). O trabalho desenvolvido ao longo do estágio, teve como objetivo colmatar o problema de textura e, por sua vez, permitir o lançamento de Quescrem Proteína no mercado. Foram feitas alterações no processo de obtenção da coalhada, no tipo de culturas, tratamento térmico, métodos de concentração do teor em proteína e no uso de hidrocolóides. Para cada coalhada obtida, foi feita a caracterização da textura, ao nível da dureza e adesi0vidade, bem como, a caracterização físico-química (matéria gorda, acidez e pH) e reologia, de forma a estudar o impacto no produto final. O queijo final foi obtido através de leitelho pré concentrado, fermentado com culturas e com adição de carboximetilcelulose antes do término da fermentação. Foi aplicado um tratamento térmico, após a fermentação, de forma a manter o pH constante durante a continuidade do processo até ao produto final. A textura era consistente e cremosa, sem evidências de granulosidade. Para além do formato natural, foram concebidas mais duas formulações: gengibre e chá verde e stevia.The main goal of this dissertation is to describe the work developed in internship at Innolact, S L, under the theme: "Study of the development of a new fresh cheese with high protein content and low-fat content". Quescrem Protein, is a fresh cheese, like a quark cheese and a cream cheese, made with buttermilk. It contains about 2% fat and approximately 12% protein. It aims to be launched on the market in the segment for sportists. The company was facing a problem of texture in the cheese, as it showed a granularity and astringency, which seem to result from the fat / protein ratio. Particle size affects not only microstructural and rheological properties, but also sensory perception (Lucey and Singh, 1997). The work developed throughout the internship, aimed to solve the texture problem and, in turn, to enable the release of Quescrem Protein in the market. Changes were made in the curding process, in the type of cultures, heat treatment, methods of concentration of the protein, and in the use of hydrocolloids. For each curd obtained, characterization of texture, in the level of hardness and adhesiveness, as well as the physical-chemical characterization (fat, acidity and pH), and rheology were done, to study the impact on the final product. The final cheese was obtained through pre-concentrated buttermilk, fermented with cultures and with addition of carboxymethylcellulose before the end of the fermentation. After the fermentation, a heat treatment was applied to keep the pH constant throughout the process until the final product. The texture was consistent and creamy, with no evidence of granularity. In addition to the natural version, two more formulations were designed: with ginger and with green tea + stevia
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Pepin, Émilie. "Étude dans la cellule bêta pancréatique de voies inhibitrices de la sécrétion d'insuline liées au métabolisme des lipides." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9717.
Full textAbstract:
Le diabète de type 2 (DT2) est une maladie métabolique complexe causée par des facteurs génétiques mais aussi environnementaux, tels la sédentarité et le surpoids. La dysfonction de la cellule β pancréatique est maintenant reconnue comme l’élément déterminant dans le développement du DT2. Notre laboratoire s’intéresse à la sécrétion d’insuline par la cellule β en réponse aux nutriments calorigéniques et aux mécanismes qui la contrôle. Alors que la connaissance des mécanismes responsables de l’induction de la sécrétion d’insuline en réponse aux glucose et acides gras est assez avancée, les procédés d’inhibition de la sécrétion dans des contextes normaux ou pathologiques sont moins bien compris. L’objectif de la présente thèse était d’identifier quelques-uns de ces mécanismes de régulation négative de la sécrétion d’insuline dans la cellule β pancréatique, et ce en situation normale ou pathologique en lien avec le DT2.
La première hypothèse testée était que l’enzyme mitochondriale hydroxyacyl-CoA déshydrogénase spécifique pour les molécules à chaîne courte (short-chain hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, SCHAD) régule la sécrétion d’insuline induite par le glucose (SIIG) par la modulation des concentrations d’acides gras ou leur dérivés tels les acyl-CoA ou acyl-carnitine dans la cellule β. Pour ce faire, nous avons utilisé la technologie des ARN interférants (ARNi) afin de diminuer l’expression de SCHAD dans la lignée cellulaire β pancréatique INS832/13. Nous avons par la suite vérifié chez la souris DIO (diet-induced obesity) si une exposition prolongée à une diète riche en gras activerait certaines voies métaboliques et signalétiques assurant une régulation négative de la sécrétion d’insuline et contribuerait au développement du DT2. Pour ce faire, nous avons mesuré la SIIG, le métabolisme intracellulaire des lipides, la fonction mitochondriale et l’activation de certaines voies signalétiques dans les îlots de Langerhans isolés des souris normales (ND, normal diet) ou nourries à la dière riche en gras (DIO)
Nos résultats suggèrent que l’enzyme SCHAD est importante dans l’atténuation de la sécrétion d’insuline induite par le glucose et les acides aminés. En effet, l’oxydation des acides gras par la protéine SCHAD préviendrait l’accumulation d’acyl-CoA ou de leurs dérivés carnitine à chaîne courtes potentialisatrices de la sécrétion d’insuline. De plus, SCHAD régule le métabolisme du glutamate par l’inhibition allostérique de l’enzyme glutamate déshydrogénase (GDH), prévenant ainsi une hyperinsulinémie causée par une sur-activité de GDH.
L’étude de la dysfonction de la cellule β dans le modèle de souris DIO a démontré qu’il existe une grande hétérogénéité dans l’obésité et l’hyperglycémie développées suite à la diète riche en gras. L’orginialité de notre étude réside dans la stratification des souris DIO en deux groupes : les faibles et forts répondants à la diète (low diet responders (LDR) et high diet responder (HDR)) sur la base de leur gain de poids corporel. Nous avons mis en lumières divers mécanismes liés au métabolisme des acides gras impliqués dans la diminution de la SIIG. Une diminution du flux à travers le cycle TG/FFA accompagnée d’une augmentation de l’oxydation des acides gras et d’une accumulation intracellulaire de cholestérol contribuent à la diminution de la SIIG chez les souris DIO-HDR. De plus, l’altération de la signalisation par les voies AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) et PKC epsilon (protéine kinase C epsilon) pourrait expliquer certaines de ces modifications du métabolisme des îlots DIO et causer le défaut de sécrétion d’insuline. En résumé, nous avons mis en lumière des mécanismes importants pour la régulation négative de la sécrétion d’insuline dans la cellule β pancréatique saine ou en situation pathologique. Ces mécanismes pourraient permettre d’une part de limiter l’amplitude ou la durée de la sécrétion d’insuline suite à un repas chez la cellule saine, et d’autre part de préserver la fonction de la cellule β en retardant l’épuisement de celle-ci en situation pathologique. Certaines de ces voies peuvent expliquer l’altération de la sécrétion d’insuline dans le cadre du DT2 lié à l’obésité. À la lumière de nos recherches, le développement de thérapies ayant pour cible les mécanismes de régulation négative de la sécrétion d’insuline pourrait être bénéfique pour le traitement de patients diabétiques.Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex metabolic disease caused by genetic as well as environmental factors, such as sedentarity and obesity. Pancreatic β cell dysfunction is now recognized as the key factor in T2D development. Our laboratory is studying the mechanisms of regulation of insulin secretion by the pancreatic β cell in response to nutrients. While the knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for initiation of insulin secretion in response to glucose and fatty acids is quite advanced, the inhibitory processes of insulin secretion in normal or pathological situations are still poorly understood. This doctoral thesis has focused on the identification of some of the mechanisms responsible for negative regulation of insulin secretion in pancreatic β cell. We have addressed this issue under normal situation or pathological conditions related to T2D. We first tested the hypothesis by which a mitochondrial enzyme, short-chain hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCHAD), negatively regulates glucose-induced insulin secretion (GIIS) by limiting the concentrations of some fatty acids and their derivatives such as acyl-CoA or acyl-carnitine molecules in the β cell. For this purpose, the downregulation of SCHAD by RNA interference (RNAi) was used in the pancreatic β cell line INS832/13. Then, we tested wether a prolonged administration of high-fat diet to mice (diet-induced obesity mouse model, DIO) would modulate intracellular metabolic and molecular pathways responsible for inhibition of insulin secretion. C57BL/6 mice were therefore fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks followed by insulin secretion, intracellular lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function and intracellular signaling measurements on isolated pancreatic islets of Langerhans of those mice. Our results suggest that SCHAD negatively regulates GIIS and amino acid-induced insulin secretion. We propose that fatty acid oxidation by SCHAD would prevent the accumulation of short-chain acyl-CoAs or acyl-carnitines capable of potentiating insulin secretion. In addition, SCHAD regulates glutamate metabolism by the allosteric inhibition of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) preventing the hyperinsulinemia caused by excessive GDH activity. The study of β cell dysfunction in the DIO mouse model stratified LDR and HDR highlighted various fatty acid metabolism pathways involved in the reduction of GIIS. A decrease in the triglycerides/free fatty acid (TG/FFA) cycling associated with an increase in fatty acid oxidation and intracellular accumulation of cholesterol was shown to contribute to the decreased GIIS in DIO-HDR mice. Furthermore, alteration of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) and protein kinase C epsilon (PKC epsilon) signaling pathways would be responsible for those alterations in metabolic pathways observed in DIO islets and cause decreased insulin secretion. In summary, we have shed light on important pathways negatively regulating insulin secretion in pancreatic β cell. These pathways could either limit the amplitude or duration of insulin secretion after a meal, or help to preserve β-cell function by delaying exhaustion. Some of those signaling pathways could explain the altered insulin secretion observed in T2D obese patients. In light of our research, the development of therapies targeting pathways that negatively regulate insulin secretion may be beneficial for treating diabetic patients.