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Journal articles on the topic 'Higgs and Goldstone modes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 23 September 2022

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1

Léonard, Julian, Andrea Morales, Philip Zupancic, Tobias Donner, and Tilman Esslinger. "Monitoring and manipulating Higgs and Goldstone modes in a supersolid quantum gas." Science 358, no. 6369 (December 14, 2017): 1415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aan2608.

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Higgs and Goldstone modes are collective excitations of the amplitude and phase of an order parameter that is related to the breaking of a continuous symmetry. We directly studied these modes in a supersolid quantum gas created by coupling a Bose-Einstein condensate to two optical cavities, whose field amplitudes form the real and imaginary parts of a U(1)-symmetric order parameter. Monitoring the cavity fields in real time allowed us to observe the dynamics of the associated Higgs and Goldstone modes and revealed their amplitude and phase nature. We used a spectroscopic method to measure their frequencies, and we gave a tunable mass to the Goldstone mode by exploring the crossover between continuous and discrete symmetry. Our experiments link spectroscopic measurements to the theoretical concept of Higgs and Goldstone modes.

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2

Vallone, Marco. "Higgs and Goldstone Modes in Crystalline Solids." physica status solidi (b) 257, no. 3 (October 28, 2019): 1900443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssb.201900443.

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3

Ohara, Keiichi, and Katsurou Hanzawa. "Nambu–Goldstone and Higgs Modes in the Kondo Insulator." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 83, no. 10 (October 15, 2014): 104604. http://dx.doi.org/10.7566/jpsj.83.104604.

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4

Cvetič, G., and N. D. Vlachos. "Goldstone modes and the Higgs condensation beyond one loop." Physics Letters B 377, no. 1-3 (June 1996): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(96)00469-8.

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5

Alanne, Tommi, Heidi Rzehak, Francesco Sannino, and Anders Eller Thomsen. "Raising the SUSY-breaking scale in a Goldstone–Higgs model." Modern Physics Letters A 32, no. 27 (August 24, 2017): 1750143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732317501437.

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We show that by combining the elementary Goldstone–Higgs scenario and supersymmetry it is possible to raise the scale of supersymmetry breaking to several TeVs by relating it to the spontaneous-symmetry-breaking one. This is achieved by first enhancing the global symmetries of the super-Higgs sector to SU(4) and then embedding the electroweak sector and the Standard Model (SM) fermions. We determine the conditions under which the model achieves a vacuum such that the resulting Higgs is a pseudo-Goldstone boson (pGB). The main results are: the supersymmetry-breaking scale is identified with the spontaneous-symmetry-breaking scale of SU(4) which is several TeVs above the radiatively induced electroweak scale; intriguingly the global symmetry of the Higgs sector predicts the existence of two super-Higgs multiplets with one mass eigenstate playing the role of the pseudo-Goldstone Higgs; the symmetry-breaking dynamics fixes [Formula: see text] and requires a supplementary singlet chiral superfield. We finally discuss the spectrum of the model that now features the superpartners of the SM fermions and gauge bosons in the multi-TeV range.

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Kharuk, Ivan, and Andrey Shkerin. "On massive Nambu-Goldstone fields." EPJ Web of Conferences 191 (2018): 06012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201819106012.

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We consider two theories undergoing the same spontaneous symmetry breaking pattern but with different representations of an order parameter under the Lorentz group. The effective description of the first theory includes a massive Nambu-Goldstone field, while in the second example it is absent. Based on this, we clarify the physical meaning of massive Nambu-Goldstone fields as non-radial modes needed to describe the fluctuations of an order parameter. The connection with the inverse Higgs phenomenon is also discussed.

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7

Yanagisawa, Takashi. "Nambu-Goldstone-Leggett and Higgs Modes in Multi-Condensate Superconductors." Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism 29, no. 12 (October 3, 2016): 3099–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10948-016-3825-3.

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8

BLUHM, ROBERT. "NAMBU–GOLDSTONE MODES IN GRAVITATIONAL THEORIES WITH SPONTANEOUS LORENTZ BREAKING." International Journal of Modern Physics D 16, no. 12b (December 2007): 2357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021827180701122x.

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Spontaneous breaking of Lorentz symmetry has been suggested as a possible mechanism that might occur in the context of a fundamental Planck-scale theory, such as string theory or a quantum theory of gravity. However, if Lorentz symmetry is spontaneously broken, two sets of questions immediately arise: What is the fate of the Nambu–Goldstone (NG) modes, and can a Higgs mechanism occur? A brief summary of some recent work looking at these questions is presented here.

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9

Higgs, Peter. "My Life as a Boson: The Story of "The Higgs"." Asia Pacific Physics Newsletter 01, no. 02 (September 2012): 50–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2251158x12000264.

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The story begins in 1960, when Nambu, inspired by the BCS theory of superconductivity, formulated chirally invariant relativistic models of interacting massless fermions in which spontaneous symmetry breaking generates fermionic masses (the analogue of the BCS gap). Around the same time Jeffrey Goldstone discussed spontaneous symmetry breaking in models containing elementary scalar fields (as in Ginzburg-Landau theory). I became interested in the problem of how to avoid a feature of both kinds of model, which seemed to preclude their relevance to the real world, namely the existence in the spectrum of massless spin-zero bosons (Goldstone bosons). By 1962 this feature of relativistic field theories had become the subject of the Goldstone theorem.

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10

Fukano, Hidenori S. "Top-Mode pseudo-Nambu–Goldstone Boson Higgs model." International Journal of Modern Physics A 32, no. 35 (December 20, 2017): 1747009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x17470091.

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We discuss the Top-Mode pseudo-Nambu–Goldstone Boson Higgs (TMpNGBH) model which has recently been proposed as a variant of the top quark condensate model in light of the 125 GeV Higgs boson discovered at the LHC. In this talk, we focus on the vacuum alignment and the phenomenologies of characteristic particles of the TMpNGBH model.

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11

POLLOCK, M. D. "GOLDSTONE FIELDS IN THE SUPERSTRING THEORY." International Journal of Modern Physics D 17, no. 01 (January 2008): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271808011882.

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If global supersymmetry is broken by gaugino condensation in the hidden sector of the [Formula: see text] heterotic superstring theory after compactification, then the auxiliary field FB of the modulus B ≡ (B r , B i ) attains a finite value, while that of the dilaton A ≡ (A r , A i ) vanishes, FA = 0, the Goldstone fermion being the modulino [Formula: see text], the spin-½ component of the complex chiral supermultiplet [Formula: see text]. The Goldstone boson of the scale symmetry that is broken when the radius of the internal space is fixed at a constant value is B r , which is determined from the goldstino Lagrangian, compared term by term with the superstring Lagrangian, including higher-derivative gravitational terms [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], after linking the space–time curvature to the energy–momentum tensor of the goldstino via the Einstein equations. This non-linear formulation of supersymmetry, due to Volkov and Akulov, is expressed in terms of the goldstino alone, whose Lagrangian contains a negative cosmological constant, which can be cancelled by the super-Higgs mechanism of Deser and Zumino to make the gravitino massive and break supersymmetry at the level [Formula: see text] GeV, while [Formula: see text]. Here, the modulus has been scaled to the Hagedorn value for the heterotic superstring theory, [Formula: see text], and A r , identified with the inverse square of the tree-level gauge coupling, has been scaled to the calculation in the minimal supersymmetric standard model due to Weinberg, that g-2 = 1.39 at the unification mass MX = 2.2 × 1016 GeV, assuming three generations of elementary particles and two Higgs doublets. In the presence of gravitino condensation in the internal space, however, there is an arbitrary additional contribution to the cosmological constant, facilitating reduction of m s to ~ 100 TeV, say, and m3/2 to ~ 1 eV.

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12

PIROGOV, YU F. "HIGGS DOUBLET AS COMPOSITE GOLDSTONE BOSON: CHALLENGE TO MULTI-TEV ENERGY COLLIDERS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 07, no. 26 (October 20, 1992): 6473–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x92002969.

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The minimum nonlinear extension SU(3)×U(1)/SU(2)×U(1) to the Standard Model, where the Higgs doublet is a composite Goldstone boson, is investigated. The canonical nonlinear realization of the extended symmetry is constructed in the form maximally close to that of the Standard Model. The corresponding most general effective Lagrangian is built. A simplest linear realization of the extended symmetry in an extended fermion sector is found. The Higgs-Goldstone scenario of the electroweak symmetry breaking is outlined from the standpoint of the multi-TeV energy collider phenomenology.

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13

Guo, Yu-Chen, Chong-Xing Yue, and Zhi-Cheng Liu. "Double elementary Goldstone Higgs boson production in future linear colliders." International Journal of Modern Physics A 33, no. 08 (March 20, 2018): 1850038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x18500380.

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The Elementary Goldstone Higgs (EGH) model is a perturbative extension of the Standard Model (SM), which identifies the EGH boson as the observed Higgs boson. In this paper, we study pair production of the EGH boson in future linear electron positron colliders. The cross-sections in the TeV region can be changed to about −27%, 163% and −34% for the [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] processes with respect to the SM predictions, respectively. According to the expected measurement precisions, such correction effects might be observed in future linear colliders. In addition, we compare the cross-sections of double SM-like Higgs boson production with the predictions in other new physics models.

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14

Yanagisawa, Takashi. "Theory of Green’s Functions of Nambu-Goldstone and Higgs Modes in Superconductors." Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism 32, no. 8 (January 22, 2019): 2319–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10948-018-4983-2.

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15

Osipov, Alexander A., Brigitte Hiller, Alex H. Blin, and Marcos Sampaio. "Top–Bottom Condensation Model: Symmetries and Spectrum of the Induced 2HDM." Symmetry 13, no. 7 (June 24, 2021): 1130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13071130.

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Here, we use the Schwinger–DeWitt approach to address the four-fermion composite Higgs effective model proposed by Miransky, Tanabashi and Yamawaki (MTY). The surprising benefit of such an approach is that it is possible to ascribe to a SM-type Higgs a quark–antiquark structure of predominantly a b¯b nature with a small t¯t admixture, which in turn yields a Higgs mass compatible with the observed value of 125 GeV. We discuss this result in a detailed and pedagogical way, as it goes against the common belief that this model and akin composite descriptions should predict a Higgs mass-of-order of twice the top quark mass, contrary to empirical evidence. A further aspect of this approach is that it highlights the link of the SU(2)L×U(1)R symmetric four-fermion MTY model interactions of the heavy quark family to a specific two-Higgs-doublet model (2HDM), and the necessity to go beyond the one Higgs doublet to obtain the empirical Higgs mass within composite models. By appropriately fixing the symmetry-defining interaction parameters, we show that the resulting CP-preserving spectrum harbors the following collective states at the electroweak scale ΛEW=246 GeV: a light scalar to which the standard Higgs is associated; a heavier neutral state preconized as the Nambu partner of the standard Higgs within the Nambu sum rule; the expected triplet of Goldstone bosons associated with the longitudinal polarizations of the electroweak massive bosons; and a neutral pseudoscalar state that in the limit of a global U(1)A symmetry would be a Goldstone mode. The anomalous breaking of this axial symmetry is a subleading effect in a large Nc counting scheme, and we discuss how it modifies the leading-order Nambu sum rule result and its relevance for the qualitative description of the spectrum.

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16

Sanz, Veronica, and Jack Setford. "Composite Higgs Models after Run 2." Advances in High Energy Physics 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7168480.

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We assess the status of models in which Higgs is a composite pseudo-Nambu Goldstone boson, in the light of the latest 13 TeV Run 2 Higgs data. Drawing from the extensive Composite Higgs literature, we collect together predictions for the modified couplings of Higgs, in particular examining the different predictions for κV and κF. Despite the variety and increasing complexity of models on the market, we point out that many independent models make identical predictions for these couplings. We then look into further corrections induced by tree-level effects such as mass-mixing and singlet VEVs. We then investigate the compatibility of different models with the data, combining Run 1 and recent Run 2 LHC data. We obtain a robust limit on the scale f of 600 GeV, with stronger limits for different choices of fermion embeddings. We also discuss how a deficit in a Higgs channel could pinpoint the type of Composite Higgs model responsible for it.

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17

KOVNER, A., B. ROSENSTEIN, and D. ELIEZER. "PHOTON AS GOLDSTONE BOSON IN (2 + 1)-DIMENSIONAL HIGGS MODEL." Modern Physics Letters A 05, no. 32 (December 30, 1990): 2733–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732390003188.

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We examine the relationship between the masslessness of a photon and symmetry realizations in (2 + 1)-dimensional scalar QED. We find that this masslessness is a direct consequence of spontaneous breaking of a global symmetry, whose generator is the magnetic flux. The pertinent order parameter for the Higgs-Coulomb phase transition is identified with the VEV of the magnetic vortex creation operator V(x). We calculate, using weak coupling perturbation theory, the VEV and the correlator of V(x) in both phases. This turns out to be equivalent to evaluating the Euclidean QED partition function in the presence of the external current which produces a magnetic monopole (with the contribution of the Dirac string subtracted). In the Coulomb phase <V(x)> is finite, while in the Higgs phase it vanishes.

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18

Flacke, Thomas. "Searching for composite Higgs models at the LHC." International Journal of Modern Physics A 31, no. 19 (July 7, 2016): 1630026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x1630026x.

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Composite Higgs models have the potential to provide a solution to the hierarchy problem and a dynamical explanation for the generation of the Higgs potential. They can be tested at the LHC as the new sector which underlies electroweak symmetry breaking must become strong in the TeV regime, which implies additional bound states beyond the Higgs. In this paper, we first discuss prospects and search strategies for top partners (and other quark partners) in the strongly coupled sector, which we study in an effective field theory setup. In the second part of the proceedings, we go beyond the effective field theory approach. We discuss potential UV embeddings for composite Higgs models which contain a Higgs as well as top partners. We show that in all of these models, additional pseudo-Nambu–Goldstone bosons beyond the Higgs are present. In particular, all of the models contain a pseudoscalar which couples to the Standard Model gauge fields through Wess–Zumino–Witten terms, providing a prime candidate for a di-boson (including a di-photon) resonance. The models also contain colored pNGBs which can be searched for at the LHC.

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19

Fodor, Zoltan, Kieran Holland, Julius Kuti, Daniel Nogradi, and Chik Him Wong. "Spectroscopy of the BSM sextet model." EPJ Web of Conferences 175 (2018): 08014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817508014.

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As part of our ongoing lattice study of SU(3) gauge theory with two flavors of fermions in the two-index symmetric representation (the sextet model), we present the current status of the pseudoscalar particle spectrum. We use a mixed action approach based on the gradient flow to control lattice artifacts, allowing a simultaneous extrapolation to the chiral and continuum limits. We find strong evidence that the pseudoscalar is a Goldstone boson state, with spontaneously broken chiral symmetry and a non-zero Goldstone decay constant in the chiral limit. In agreement with our study of the gauge coupling β function, we find the sextet model appears to be a near-conformal gauge theory and serves as a prototype of the composite Higgs BSM template.

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20

Yanagisawa, Takashi, and Yasumoto Tanaka. "Fluctuation-induced Nambu–Goldstone bosons in a Higgs–Josephson model." New Journal of Physics 16, no. 12 (December 8, 2014): 123014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/16/12/123014.

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21

Nagao, Kazuma, and Ippei Danshita. "Damping of the Higgs and Nambu–Goldstone modes of superfluid Bose gases at finite temperatures." Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics 2016, no. 6 (June 2016): 063I01. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptw061.

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22

MAENO, MASAHIRO, and ICHIRO ODA. "CLASSICAL SOLUTIONS OF GHOST CONDENSATION MODELS." Modern Physics Letters B 22, no. 31 (December 20, 2008): 3025–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984908017655.

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Motivated by ideas obtained from both ghost condensation and gravitational Higgs mechanism, we attempt to find classical solutions in the unitary gauge in general ghost condensation models. It is shown that depending on the form of scalar fields in an action, there are three kinds of exact solutions, which are (anti-) de Sitter space–time, polynomially expanding universes and flat Minkowski space–time. We briefly comment on gravitational Higgs mechanism in these models where we have massive gravitons of five degrees of freedom and one unitary scalar field (Nambu–Goldstone boson) after spontaneous symmetry breakdown of general coordinate reparametrization invariance. The models at hand are free from the problem associated with the non-unitary propagating mode.

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23

Oda, Ichiro. "Higgs potential from Weyl conformal gravity." Modern Physics Letters A 35, no. 37 (October 5, 2020): 2050304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732320503046.

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We consider Weyl’s conformal gravity coupled to a complex matter field in Weyl geometry. It is shown that a Higgs potential naturally arises from a [Formula: see text] term in moving from the Jordan frame to the Einstein frame. A massless Nambu–Goldstone boson, which stems from spontaneous symmetry breakdown of the Weyl gauge invariance, is absorbed into the Weyl gauge field, thereby the gauge field becoming massive. We present a model where the gravitational interaction generates a Higgs potential whose form is a perfect square. Finally, we show that a theory in the Jordan frame is gauge-equivalent to the corresponding theory in the Einstein frame via the BRST formalism.

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24

FRAMPTON, P. H., and T. YANAGIDA. "HEAVY AXION ON SARK BRIDGE BETWEEN HIGGS AND TECHNICOLOR MODELS." Modern Physics Letters A 06, no. 17 (June 7, 1991): 1589–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732391001718.

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It is shown how imposition of Peccei–Quinn symmetry leads to a heavy axion and strong constraints in the sark model. The axion and sark masses are derived. Analysis of chiral symmetry breaking leads to mass formulae for pseudo-Goldstone bosons; the lightest is between 44 and 125 GeV. A general picture which bridges between the sark model and a technicolor model, in terms of a new angle, is proposed.

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25

Volchanskiy, Nikolay, Vladimir Kuksa, and Vitaly Beylin. "Models of hypercolor based on symplectic gauge group with three heavy vectorlike hyperquarks." International Journal of Modern Physics D 28, no. 13 (October 2019): 1941002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271819410025.

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We study possibilities to extend the Standard Model (SM) by three flavors of vectorlike heavy quarks in pseudoreal representation of symplectic hypercolor gauge group. This extension of SM predicts a rich spectra of heavy composite hypermesons and hyperbaryons (all of them carry integer spins) including 14 pseudo-Nambu–Goldstone states emerging in dynamical breaking of the global symmetry group of the H-quarks, [Formula: see text], to its Sp(6) subgroup. The properties of the lightest states depend strongly on the choice of heavy-quark hypercharges. Our focus is placed on the variants of the model with partially composite Higgs boson, i.e. the experimentally observed boson comprised the elementary SM Higgs and a mixture of H-hadrons.

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26

Lu, Wei. "A Clifford algebra approach to chiral symmetry breaking and fermion mass hierarchies." International Journal of Modern Physics A 32, no. 26 (September 20, 2017): 1750159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x17501597.

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We propose a Clifford algebra approach to chiral symmetry breaking and fermion mass hierarchies in the context of composite Higgs bosons. Standard model fermions are represented by algebraic spinors of six-dimensional binary Clifford algebra, while ternary Clifford algebra-related flavor projection operators control allowable flavor-mixing interactions. There are three composite electroweak Higgs bosons resulted from top quark, tau neutrino, and tau lepton condensations. Each of the three condensations gives rise to masses of four different fermions. The fermion mass hierarchies within these three groups are determined by four-fermion condensations, which break two global chiral symmetries. The four-fermion condensations induce axion-like pseudo-Nambu–Goldstone bosons and can be dark matter candidates. In addition to the 125 GeV Higgs boson observed at the Large Hadron Collider, we anticipate detection of tau neutrino composite Higgs boson via the charm quark decay channel.

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27

Williams, David N. "Large width in the Lee model for the Higgs-Goldstone sector." Nuclear Physics B 264 (January 1986): 423–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(86)90492-x.

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28

Adhikari, Prabal, and Jaehong Choi. "Magnetic vortices in the Abelian Higgs model with derivative interactions." International Journal of Modern Physics A 33, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 1850215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x18502159.

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We study the properties of a single magnetic vortex and magnetic vortex lattices in a generalization of the Abelian Higgs model containing the simplest derivative interaction that preserves the [Formula: see text] gauge symmetry of the original model. The paper is motivated by the study of finite isospin chiral perturbation theory in a uniform, external magnetic field: since pions are Goldstone bosons of QCD (due to chiral symmetry breaking by the QCD vacuum), they interact through momentum-dependent terms. We find the asymptotic properties of single vortex solutions and compare them to the well-known solutions of the standard Abelian Higgs model. Furthermore, we study the vortex lattice solutions near the upper critical field using the method of “successive approximations,” which was originally used by Abrikosov in his seminal paper on type-II superconductors. We find the vortex lattice structure, which remains hexagonal as in the standard Abelian Higgs model, and condensation energy of the vortex lattices relative to the normal vacuum (in a uniform magnetic field).

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KOLLEY, W. "PROCEDURES OF GAUGE SYMMETRY BREAKING IN SUPERCONDUCTIVITY: COMMENT ON SPONTANEITY." Modern Physics Letters B 13, no. 03n04 (February 10, 1999): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984999000129.

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The breakdown of the U(1) gauge invariance in conventional superconductivity is re-examined by drawing parallels between the BCS and Abelian Higgs models. The global and local U(1) symmetries are broken spontaneously and explicitly in view of the Goldstone and Elitzur theorems, respectively. The approximations at which spontaneity comes into the symmetry-breaking condensation, that are differently interpreted in the literature, are clarified.

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Hoang, Thai M., Hebbe M. Bharath, Matthew J. Boguslawski, Martin Anquez, Bryce A. Robbins, and Michael S. Chapman. "Adiabatic quenches and characterization of amplitude excitations in a continuous quantum phase transition." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 34 (August 8, 2016): 9475–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1600267113.

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Spontaneous symmetry breaking occurs in a physical system whenever the ground state does not share the symmetry of the underlying theory, e.g., the Hamiltonian. This mechanism gives rise to massless Nambu–Goldstone modes and massive Anderson–Higgs modes. These modes provide a fundamental understanding of matter in the Universe and appear as collective phase or amplitude excitations of an order parameter in a many-body system. The amplitude excitation plays a crucial role in determining the critical exponents governing universal nonequilibrium dynamics in the Kibble–Zurek mechanism (KZM). Here, we characterize the amplitude excitations in a spin-1 condensate and measure the energy gap for different phases of the quantum phase transition. At the quantum critical point of the transition, finite-size effects lead to a nonzero gap. Our measurements are consistent with this prediction, and furthermore, we demonstrate an adiabatic quench through the phase transition, which is forbidden at the mean field level. This work paves the way toward generating entanglement through an adiabatic phase transition.

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LOVE, S. T. "GAUGING INTERNAL FERMIONIC SYMMETRIES AND SPIN-3/2 FIELDS." Modern Physics Letters A 18, no. 16 (May 30, 2003): 1099–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732303010855.

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Field theoretic models possessing a global internal fermionic shift symmetry are considered. When such a symmetry is realized locally, spin-3/2 fields appear naturally as gauge fields. Implementation of the gauging procedure requires not only the usual replacement of ordinary derivatives by covariant derivatives containing the spin-3/2 fields, but also the inclusion of additional monomials. The Higgs mechanism and the high energy Nambu–Goldstone fermion equivalence theorem are explicitly demonstrated.

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32

CHENG, HAI-YANG. "IS THE INVISIBLE HADRONIC AXION ALWAYS HARMLESS?" Modern Physics Letters A 02, no. 06 (June 1987): 409–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732387000525.

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In the Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitsky (DFSZ) axion model, if the invisible axion is hadronized (i.e. if the axion is made to decouple from leptons at tree level), it will be accompanied by a visible real Goldstone boson which interacts with both leptons and quarks. Consequently, the Higgs field coupled to right-handed leptons must also couple to right-handed d- or u-type quark singlets. Astrophysical bounds on viable hadronic axions are discussed.

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Cao, Tian Yu. "The Englert–Brout–Higgs mechanism — An unfinished project." International Journal of Modern Physics A 31, no. 35 (December 18, 2016): 1630061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x16300611.

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The conceptual foundation of the Englert–Brout–Higgs (EBH) mechanism (understood as a set of a scalar field’s couplings to a gauge system and a fermion system) is clarified (as being provided by broken symmetry solution of the scalar field and broken symmetry solutions of the gauge and fermion systems induced by the scalar field’s couplings to these systems, which are manifested in massive scalar and vector bosons as a result of reorganizing the physical degrees of freedom in the scalar and gauge sectors, whose original organization renders possible the broken symmetry solution to the scalar sector and symmetrical solutions to the gauge sector); its ontological status, as a physically real mechanism or merely an instrumental device, is examined, and a new ontologically primary entity, the symbiont of scalar–vector moments is suggested to replace the old ontology of scalar field and vector (gauge) field as the physical underpinning for a realistic understanding of the EBH mechanism; with a conclusion that two puzzles, the transmutation of the Goldstone modes’ dynamic identity and the fixity in reorganizing the physical degrees of freedom within the symbiont, have to be properly addressed before a consistent realist understanding of the mechanism can be developed.

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Beylin, V., M. Bezuglov, V. Kuksa, and N. Volchanskiy. "An Analysis of a Minimal Vectorlike Extension of the Standard Model." Advances in High Energy Physics 2017 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1765340.

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We analyze an extension of the Standard Model with an additionalSU(2)hypercolor gauge group keeping the Higgs boson as a fundamental field. Vectorlike interactions of new hyperquarks with the intermediate vector bosons are explicitly constructed. We also consider pseudo-Nambu–Goldstone bosons caused by the symmetry breakingSU(4)→Sp(4). A specific global symmetry of the model with zero hypercharge of the hyperquark doublets ensures the stability of a neutral pseudoscalar field. Some possible manifestations of the lightest states at colliders are also examined.

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35

YAMAWAKI, KOICHI. "CONFORMAL HIGGS, OR TECHNI-DILATON — COMPOSITE HIGGS NEAR CONFORMALITY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 25, no. 27n28 (November 10, 2010): 5128–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x10050913.

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In contrast to the folklore that Technicolor (TC) is a "Higgsless theory", we shall discuss existence of a composite Higgs boson, Techni-Dilaton (TD), a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson of the scale invariance in the Scale-invariant/Walking/Conformal TC (SWC TC) which generates a large anomalous dimension γm ≃ 1 in a wide region from the dynamical mass [Formula: see text] of the techni-fermion all the way up to the intrinsic scale ΛTC of the SWC TC (analogue of ΛQCD), where ΛTC is taken typically as the scale of the Extended TC scale Λ ETC : Λ TC ≃ Λ ETC ~ 103 TeV (≫ m). All the techni-hadrons have mass on the same order [Formula: see text], which in SWC TC is extremely smaller than the intrinsic scale Λ TC ≃ Λ ETC , in sharp contrast to QCD where both are of the same order. The mass of TD arises from the non-perturbative scale anomaly associated with the techni-fermion mass generation and is typically 500-600 GeV, even smaller than other techni-hadrons of the same order of [Formula: see text], in another contrast to QCD which is believed to have no scalar [Formula: see text] bound state lighter than other hadrons. We discuss the TD mass in various methods, Gauged NJL model via ladder Schwinger-Dyson (SD) equation, straightforward calculations in the ladder SD/ Bethe-Salpeter equation, and the holographic approach including techni-gluon condensate. The TD may be discovered in LHC.

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36

PIROGOV, YU F. "CHIRAL GAUGE E6 AS A BINDING GROUP FOR COMPOSITE LEPTONS, QUARKS AND HIGGS BOSONS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 09, no. 09 (April 10, 1994): 1397–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x94000613.

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The uniqueness of the chiral gauge E6 symmetry in providing the mechanism of binding for composite models is stressed. A maximally symmetric pattern of chiral symmetry breaking, consistent with dynamical mass generation along with preservation of the strongly coupled E6 gauge symmetry, is considered. Chiral anomaly matching conditions for the residual chiral symmetry are studied and likely massless composite fermions are found. The possibility for these fermions as well as Goldstone bosons to be treated eventually as leptons, quarks and Higgs bosons is discussed. The scheme possesses the generic realistic-like features and could serve as a prototype for a realistic composite model.

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37

Lahiri, Amitabha. "Vector–Tensor Duality." Modern Physics Letters A 12, no. 35 (November 20, 1997): 2699–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732397002831.

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A dynamical non-Abelian two-form potential gives masses to vector bosons via a topological coupling.1 Unlike in the Abelian case, the two-form cannot be dualized to Goldstone bosons. Duality is restored by coupling a flat connection to the theory in a particular way, and the new action is then dualized to a nonlinear sigma model. The presence of the flat connection is crucial, which saves the original mechanism of Higgs-free topological mass generation from being dualized to a sigma model.

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38

ALDAYA, V., M. CALIXTO, and F. F. LOPEZ-RUIZ. "A QUANTIZABLE MODEL OF MASSIVE GAUGE VECTOR BOSONS WITHOUT HIGGS." Modern Physics Letters A 24, no. 34 (November 10, 2009): 2731–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732309032034.

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We incorporate the parameters of the gauge group G into the gauge theory of interactions through a nonlinear partial-trace σ-model Lagrangian on G/H. The minimal coupling of the new (Goldstone-like) scalar bosons provides mass terms to those intermediate vector bosons associated with the quotient G/H, without spoiling gauge invariance, while the H-vector potentials remain massless. The main virtue of a partial trace on G/H, rather than on the entire G, is that we can find an infinite-dimensional symmetry, with nontrivial Noether invariants, which ensures quantum integrability in a non-canonical quantization scheme. The present formalism is explicitly applied to the case G = SU(2)× U(1), as a Higgsless alternative to the Standard Model of electroweak interactions, although it can also be used in low-energy phenomenological models for strong interactions.

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39

Bellazzini, Brando, Stefan Pokorski, Vyacheslav S. Rychkov, and Alvise Varagnolo. "Higgs doublet as a Goldstone boson in perturbative extensions of the standard model." Journal of High Energy Physics 2008, no. 11 (November 10, 2008): 027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2008/11/027.

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40

SANTILLÁN, OSVALDO P. "A COMMON SCENARIO LEADING TO A SMALL VACUUM ENERGY AND STABLE SUPER-MASSIVE PARTICLES." Modern Physics Letters A 28, no. 27 (August 26, 2013): 1350099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732313500995.

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A toy model giving rise to long-lived super-heavy particles and a small vacuum density energy, of the order of the one measured in the present universe, is presented. It consists in a hidden sector, invariant under an SU(2) gauge symmetry, with some masses provided by a specific double Higgs mechanism. It is assumed that the Standard Model particles are also charged under the SU(2) interaction, which is weak enough to allow super-heavy particles with mean lifetime with values larger than the age of the universe. The hidden fermions and the hidden Higgs are super-heavy, which mass values close to the GUT scale. In addition, there is a spontaneously broken U(1) chiral symmetry, giving rise to a pseudoscalar Goldstone boson which we refer as a "hidden axion". The vacuum energy of the universe is identified as the potential energy of this pseudoscalar.

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41

Lucini, Biagio, Ed Bennett, Jack Holligan, Deog Ki Hong, Ho Hsiao, Jong-Wan Lee, C. J. David Lin, Michele Mesiti, Maurizio Piai, and Davide Vadacchino. "Sp(4) gauge theories and beyond the standard model physics." EPJ Web of Conferences 258 (2022): 08003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202225808003.

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We review numerical results for models with gauge group Sp(2N), discussing the glueball spectrum in the large-N limit, the quenched meson spectrum of Sp(4) with Dirac fermions in the fundamental and in the antisymmetric representation and the Sp(4) gauge model with two dynamical Dirac flavours. We also present preliminary results for the meson spectrum in the Sp(4) gauge theory with two fundamental and three antisymmetric Dirac flavours. The main motivation of our programme is to test whether this latter model is viable as a realisation of Higgs compositeness via the pseudo Nambu Goldstone mechanism and at the same time can provide partial top compositeness. In this respect, we report and briefly discuss preliminary results for the mass of the composite baryon made with two fundamental and one antisymmetric fermion (chimera baryon), whose physical properties are highly constrained if partial top compositeness is at work. Our investigation shows that a fully non-perturbative study of Higgs compositeness and partial top compositeness in Sp(4) is within reach with our current lattice methodology.

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ODA, ICHIRO. "HIGGS MECHANISM IN THE PRESENCE OF A TOPOLOGICAL TERM." International Journal of Modern Physics A 17, no. 01 (January 10, 2002): 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x0200575x.

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In cases of both Abelian and non-Abelian gauge groups, we study the Higgs mechanism in the topologically massive gauge theories in an arbitrary space–time dimension. We show that when the conventional Higgs potential coexists with a topological term, gauge fields become massive by "eating" simultaneously both the Nambu–Goldstone boson and a higher-rank tensor field and instead a new massless scalar field is "vomitted" in the physical spectrum. Because of the appearance of this new massless field, the number of the physical degrees of freedom remains unchanged before and after the spontaneous symmetry breakdown. Moreover, the fact that the new field is a physical and positive norm state is rigorously proved by performing the manifestly covariant quantization of the model in three and four dimensions. In the mechanism at hand, the presence of a topological term makes it possible to shift the mass of gauge fields in a nontrivial manner compared to the conventional value.

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43

Nevzorov, Roman, and Anthony Thomas. "Generation of baryon asymmetry in the E6CHM." EPJ Web of Conferences 191 (2018): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201819102004.

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The strongly interacting sector in the E6 inspired composite Higgs model (E6CHM) with baryon number violation possesses an SU(6) × U(1)L global symmetry. In the weakly-coupled sector of this model the U(1)L symmetry associated with lepton number conservation is broken down to a ZL2 discrete symmetry, which stabilizes the proton. Near the scale f ≳ 10 TeV the SU(6) symmetry is broken down to its SU(5) subgroup, giving rise to a set of pseudo- Nambu-Goldstone bosons (pNGBs) that involves the SM-like Higgs doublet, a scalar coloured triplet and a SM singlet boson. Because f is so high, all baryon number violating operators are sufficiently strongly suppressed. Nevertheless, in this variant of the E6CHM the observed matter-antimatter asymmetry can be induced if CP is violated. The pNGB scalar coloured triplet plays a key role in this process and leads to a distinct signature that may be detected at the LHC in the near future.

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44

Chkareuli, J. L., and Z. Kepuladze. "Emergent Yang–Mills theories from universal extra dimensions." Modern Physics Letters A 32, no. 05 (February 7, 2017): 1750029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732317500298.

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We study emergent Yang–Mills theories which could origin from universal extra dimensions. Particularly, some vector field potential terms or polynomial vector field constraints introduced into five-dimensional (5D) non-Abelian gauge theory is shown to lead to spontaneous violation of an underlying spacetime symmetry and generate vector pseudo-Goldstone modes as conventional four-dimensional (4D) gauge boson candidates. As a special signature, apart from conventional gauge couplings, there appear an infinite number of the properly suppressed direct multi-boson (multi-photon in particular) interaction couplings in emergent Yang–Mills theories whose observation could shed light on their high-dimensional nature. Moreover, in these theories, an internal symmetry also appeared spontaneously broken to its diagonal subgroups. This breaking originates from the extra vector field components playing the role of some adjoint scalar field multiplet in the 4D spacetime. So, one naturally has the Higgs effect without a specially introduced scalar field multiplet. Remarkably, when applied to Grand Unified Theories (GUTs), this results in an automatic breakdown of emergent GUTs down to the Standard Model (SM) just at the 5D Lorentz violation scale M.

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45

Yepes, Juan, and Alfonso Zerwekh. "Top partner-resonance interplay in a composite Higgs framework." International Journal of Modern Physics A 33, no. 11 (April 20, 2018): 1841008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x18410087.

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Guided us by the scenario of weak scale naturalness and the possible existence of exotic resonances, we have explored in a [Formula: see text] Composite Higgs setup the interplay among three matter sectors: elementary, top partners and vector resonances. We parametrize it through explicit interactions of spin-1 [Formula: see text]-resonances, coupled to the [Formula: see text]-invariant fermionic currents and tensors presented in this work. Such invariants are built upon the Standard Model fermion sector as well as top partners sourced by the unbroken [Formula: see text]. The mass scales entailed by the top partner and vector resonance sectors will control the low energy effects emerging from our interplaying model. Its phenomenological impact and parameter spaces have been considered via flavor-dijet processes and electric dipole moments bounds. Finally, the strength of the Nambu–Goldstone symmetry breaking and the extra couplings implied by the top partner mass scales are measured in accordance with expected estimations.

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46

KOZHEVNIKOV, A. A. "THE EFFECTIVE ACTION AND EQUATIONS OF MOTION OF CURVED LOCAL AND GLOBAL VORTICES: ROLE OF THE FIELD EXCITATIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 24, no. 05 (February 20, 2010): 605–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979210054592.

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The effective actions for both local and global curved vortices are derived based on the derivative expansion of the corresponding field theoretic actions of the nonrelativistic Abelian Higgs and Goldstone models. The role of excitations of the modulus and the phase of the scalar field and of the gauge field (the Bogolyubov-Anderson mode) emitted and reabsorbed by vortices is elucidated. In the case of the local (gauge) magnetic vortex, they are necessary for cancellation of the long distance divergence when using the transverse form of the electric gauge field strength of the background field. In the case of global vortex taking them into account results in the Greiter–Wilczek–Witten form of the effective action for the Goldstone mode. The expressions for transverse Magnus-like force and the vortex effective mass for both local and global vortices are found. The equations of motion of both type of vortices including the terms due to the field excitations are obtained and solved in cases of large and small contour displacements.

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47

Matsuzaki, Shinya. "One-family walking technicolor in light of LHC Run II." International Journal of Modern Physics A 32, no. 35 (December 20, 2017): 1747004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x17470042.

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The LHC Higgs can be identified as the technidilaton, a composite scalar, arising as a pseudo Nambu–Goldstone boson for the spontaneous breaking of scale symmetry in walking technicolor. One interesting candidate for the walking technicolor is the QCD with the large number of fermion flavors, involving the one-family model having the eight-fermion flavors. The smallness of the technidilaton mass can be ensured by the generic walking feature, Miransky scaling, and the presence of the “anti-Veneziano limit” characteristic to the large-flavor walking scenario. To tell the standard-model Higgs from the technidilaton, one needs to wait for the precise estimate of the Higgs couplings to the standard model particles, which is expected at the ongoing LHC Run II. In this talk the technidilaton phenomenology in comparison with the LHC Run-I data is summarized with the special emphasis placed on the presence of the anti-Veneziano limit supporting the lightness of technidilaton. Besides the technidilaton, the walking technicolor predicts the rich particle spectrum such as technipions and technirho mesons, arising as composite particles formed by technifermions. The LHC phenomenology of those technihadrons and the discovery channels are also discussed, which are smoking-guns of the walking technicolor, to be accessible at the LHC Run II.

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48

MAFI, ARASH. "μ PROBLEM, SO(10) SUSY GUT AND HEAVY GLUINO LSP." International Journal of Modern Physics A 16, supp01b (September 2001): 849–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x0100828x.

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we present a solution to the μ problem in an SO(10) supersymmetric grand unified (SUSY GUT) model with gauge mediated (GMSB) and D-term supersymmetry breaking. A Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry is broken at the messenger scale and enables the generation of the μ term. The invisible axion (Goldstone boson of PQ symmetry breaking) is a cold dark matter candidate. At low energy, our model leads to a phenomenologically acceptable version of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) with novel particle phenomenology. Either the gluino or the gravitino is the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP). The phenomenological constraints on the model result in a Higgs with mass ~ 86 – 91 GeV and tan β ~ 9 – 14.

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49

Foot, Robert, and Archil Kobakhidze. "Electroweak scale invariant models with small cosmological constant." International Journal of Modern Physics A 30, no. 21 (July 22, 2015): 1550126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x15501262.

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We consider scale invariant models where the classical scale invariance is broken perturbatively by radiative corrections at the electroweak scale. These models potentially offer an elegant and simple solution to the hierarchy problem. If we further require the cosmological constant to be small then such models are also highly predictive. Indeed, the minimal such model, comprizing a Higgs doublet and a real singlet, has the same number of parameters as the standard model. Although this minimal model is disfavored by recent LHC data, we show that two specific extensions incorporating neutrino masses and dark matter are fully realistic. That is, consistent with all experiments and observations. These models predict a light pseudo-Goldstone boson, h, with mass around 10 GeV or less. A fermionic-bosonic mass relation is also predicted. The specific models considered, as well as more generic scale invariant models, can be probed at the LHC.

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50

Capitani, Stefano, Giulia Maria De Divitiis, Petros Dimopoulos, Roberto Frezzotti, Marco Garofalo, Bastian Knippschild, Bartosz Kostrzewa, Ferenc Pittler, Giancarlo Rossi, and Carsten Urbach. "Testing a non-perturbative mechanism for elementary fermion mass generation: numerical results." EPJ Web of Conferences 175 (2018): 08008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817508008.

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Based on a recent proposal according to which elementary particle masses could be generated by a non-perturbative dynamical phenomenon, alternative to the Higgs mechanism, we carry out lattice simulations of a model where a non-abelian strongly interacting fermion doublet is also coupled to a doublet of complex scalar fields via a Yukawa and an “irrelevant" Wilson-like term. In this pioneering study we use naive fermions and work in the quenched approximation. We present preliminary numerical results both in the Wigner and in the Nambu-Goldstone phase, focusing on the observables relevant to check the occurrence of the conjectured dynamical fermion mass generation effect in the continuum limit of the critical theory in its spontaneously broken phase.

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