Journal articles: 'Hierarchical composite'

1

Zhao, Long, Qing Zheng, Hualin Fan, and Fengnian Jin. "Hierarchical composite honeycombs." Materials & Design 40 (September 2012): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.03.009.

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Du, Jun, Yan Wang, Yan Wang, and Ruifeng Li. "In Situ Recrystallization of Mesoporous Carbon–Silica Composite for the Synthesis of Hierarchically Porous Zeolites." Materials 13, no. 7 (April 2, 2020): 1640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13071640.

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Hierarchically porous ZSM-5 was prepared by utilizing a two-step crystallization procedure with carbon–silica composites as precursors. The hierarchically porous zeolites obtained a regular mesoporous structure with aluminum incorporated into the carbon–silica composite frameworks. The carbon–silica composite zeolites were characterized by XRD, TEM, SEM, and nitrogen adsorption/desorption. As-prepared hierarchical zeolites were used in the 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene (TIPB) cracking reaction and exhibited significantly high TIPB conversion, while the accessibility factors were also determined.

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Chen, Yanliang, Man-Lai Tang, and Maozai Tian. "Semiparametric Hierarchical Composite Quantile Regression." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 44, no. 5 (March 4, 2015): 996–1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610926.2012.755199.

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Schwieger, Wilhelm, Albert Gonche Machoke, Tobias Weissenberger, Amer Inayat, Thangaraj Selvam, Michael Klumpp, and Alexandra Inayat. "Hierarchy concepts: classification and preparation strategies for zeolite containing materials with hierarchical porosity." Chemical Society Reviews 45, no. 12 (2016): 3353–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cs00599j.

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Starting from a basic classification of “hierarchical porosity” this review gives a broad overview of preparation routes towards hierarchically porous all-zeolite and zeolite containing composite materials.

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Costagliola, Gianluca, Federico Bosia, and Nicola M. Pugno. "Tuning friction with composite hierarchical surfaces." Tribology International 115 (November 2017): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2017.05.012.

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Song, Yanhui, Susheng Zhou, Kaiyun Jin, Jian Qiao, Da Li, Chao Xu, Dongmei Hu, et al. "Hierarchical carbon nanotube composite yarn muscles." Nanoscale 10, no. 8 (2018): 4077–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nr08595h.

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Cellary, W., and W. Wieczerzycki. "On hierarchical locking of composite objects." Microprocessing and Microprogramming 37, no. 1-5 (January 1993): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-6074(93)90031-f.

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Li, Jiying, Jiawei Long, Tianli Han, Xirong Lin, Bai Sun, Shuguang Zhu, Jinjin Li, and Jinyun Liu. "A Hierarchical SnO2@Ni6MnO8 Composite for High-Capacity Lithium-Ion Batteries." Materials 15, no. 24 (December 11, 2022): 8847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15248847.

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Semiconductor-based composites are potential anodes for Li-ion batteries, owing to their high theoretical capacity and low cost. However, low stability induced by large volumetric change in cycling restricts the applications of such composites. Here, a hierarchical SnO2@Ni6MnO8 composite comprising Ni6MnO8 nanoflakes growing on the surface of a three-dimensional (3D) SnO2 is developed by a hydrothermal synthesis method, achieving good electrochemical performance as a Li-ion battery anode. The composite provides spaces to buffer volume expansion, its hierarchical profile benefits the fast transport of Li+ ions and electrons, and the Ni6MnO8 coating on SnO2 improves conductivity. Compared to SnO2, the Ni6MnO8 coating significantly enhances the discharge capacity and stability. The SnO2@Ni6MnO8 anode displays 1030 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and exhibits 800 mAh g−1 under 0.5 A g−1, along with high Coulombic efficiency of 95%. Furthermore, stable rate performance can be achieved, indicating promising applications.

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Wang, Xianzhi, Shubin Si, Yongbo Li, and Xiaoqiang Du. "An integrated method based on refined composite multivariate hierarchical permutation entropy and random forest and its application in rotating machinery." Journal of Vibration and Control 26, no. 3-4 (November 5, 2019): 146–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546319877711.

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Fault feature extraction of rotating machinery is crucial and challenging due to its nonlinear and nonstationary characteristics. In order to resolve this difficulty, a quality nonlinear fault feature extraction method is required. Hierarchical permutation entropy has been proven to be a promising nonlinear feature extraction method for fault diagnosis of rotating machinery. Compared with multiscale permutation entropy, hierarchical permutation entropy considers the fault information hidden in both high frequency and low frequency components. However, hierarchical permutation entropy still has some shortcomings, such as poor statistical stability for short time series and inability of analyzing multichannel signals. To address such disadvantages, this paper proposes a new entropy method, called refined composite multivariate hierarchical permutation entropy. Refined composite multivariate hierarchical permutation entropy can extract rich fault information hidden in multichannel signals synchronously. Based on refined composite multivariate hierarchical permutation entropy and random forest, a novel fault diagnosis framework is proposed in this paper. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated using experimental and simulated signals. The results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms multivariate multiscale fuzzy entropy, refined composite multivariate multiscale fuzzy entropy, multivariate multiscale sample entropy, multivariate multiscale permutation entropy, multivariate hierarchical permutation entropy, and composite multivariate hierarchical permutation entropy in recognizing the different faults of rotating machinery.

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Zou, Ben-Xue, Yan Wang, Xiaodong Huang, and Yanhua Lu. "Hierarchical N- and O-Doped Porous Carbon Composites for High-Performance Supercapacitors." Journal of Nanomaterials 2018 (June 27, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8945042.

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Hierarchical N- and O-doped porous carbon composites were prepared by hydrothermally assembling of silk fibers with low molecular weight phenolic resin, followed by carbonization and KOH activation process. Silk fibroin is expected to provide nitrogen and oxygen functionalities for the final composite carbon. The introduction of thin layer graphitic structures of low molecular weight phenolic resin-derived carbon offers more abundant structures, low resistance, and hierarchical porosity with a high BET surface area of 1927 m2·g−1. The composition and electrochemical properties of the composite carbon have been studied as a function of the annealing temperature for KOH activation process. The obtained carbon composite exhibits high specific capacitance as high as 330 F·g−1 (1000 mF·cm−2) at 0.5 A·g−1, good rate capability, and excellent cycling stability (91% of capacitance retention after 10000 cycles) in 6 M KOH electrolyte.

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Ramírez-Torres, Ariel, Raimondo Penta, Reinaldo Rodríguez-Ramos, and Alfio Grillo. "Effective properties of hierarchical fiber-reinforced composites via a three-scale asymptotic homogenization approach." Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids 24, no. 11 (May 25, 2019): 3554–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1081286519847687.

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The study of the properties of multiscale composites is of great interest in engineering and biology. Particularly, hierarchical composite structures can be found in nature and in engineering. During the past decades, the multiscale asymptotic homogenization technique has shown its potential in the description of such composites by taking advantage of their characteristics at the smaller scales, ciphered in the so-called effective coefficients. Here, we extend previous works by studying the in-plane and out-of-plane effective properties of hierarchical linear elastic solid composites via a three-scale asymptotic homogenization technique. In particular, the approach is adjusted for a multiscale composite with a square-symmetric arrangement of uniaxially aligned cylindrical fibers, and the formulae for computing its effective properties are provided. Finally, we show the potential of the proposed asymptotic homogenization procedure by modeling the effective properties of musculoskeletal mineralized tissues, and we compare the results with theoretical and experimental data for bone and tendon tissues.

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Gorbatikh, Larissa, Brian L. Wardle, and Stepan V. Lomov. "Hierarchical lightweight composite materials for structural applications." MRS Bulletin 41, no. 09 (September 2016): 672–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2016.170.

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Wu, Weidong, Ahmed Al-Ostaz, Alexander H. D. Cheng, and Chung R. Song. "Concrete as a Hierarchical Structural Composite Material." International Journal for Multiscale Computational Engineering 8, no. 6 (2010): 585–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/intjmultcompeng.v8.i6.30.

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Chen, Yuli, Yong Ma, Qifang Yin, Fei Pan, Chaojie Cui, Zuoqi Zhang, and Bin Liu. "Advances in mechanics of hierarchical composite materials." Composites Science and Technology 214 (September 2021): 108970. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2021.108970.

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15

Muhanna, W. A. "Composite programs: hierarchical construction, circularity, and deadlocks." IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 17, no. 4 (April 1991): 320–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/32.90432.

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Fan, Xin, Yu Wang, Lushi Kong, Xuewei Fu, Min Zheng, Tian Liu, Wei-Hong Zhong, and Siyi Pan. "A Nanoprotein-Functionalized Hierarchical Composite Air Filter." ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 6, no. 9 (July 19, 2018): 11606–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b01827.

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Ongaro, F., E. Barbieri, and N. M. Pugno. "Mechanics of mutable hierarchical composite cellular materials." Mechanics of Materials 124 (September 2018): 80–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmat.2018.05.006.

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Requejo-Castro, David, Ricard Giné-Garriga, and Agustí Pérez-Foguet. "Bayesian network modelling of hierarchical composite indicators." Science of The Total Environment 668 (June 2019): 936–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.282.

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Varghese, Julian, John Whitcomb, Deepak Goyal, and Xiao Dong Tang. "Hierarchical Analysis of Woven Composite DCB Specimen." Journal of Composite Materials 41, no. 8 (April 2007): 931–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998306067072.

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Foreman, Joel P., Shabnam Behzadi, David Porter, Paul T. Curtis, and Frank R. Jones. "Hierarchical modelling of a polymer matrix composite." Journal of Materials Science 43, no. 20 (October 2008): 6642–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-008-2688-9.

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Chen, Jie, Yifei Wang, and Weixing Chen. "Excellent comprehensive energy storage capabilities achieved in linear polymer composites via inserting acrylic rubber dielectric elastomers." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 9, no. 14 (2021): 5000–5007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tc05874b.

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The maximum energy density of 12.45 J cm⁻³ has been delivered in the all-polymer composite with hierarchical structure with an ultra-high efficiency of 89%, surpassing the upper limits of the reported multilayered dielectric composites.

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22

Colomban, Philippe. "Sol-gel control of the micro/nanostructure of functional ceramic-ceramic and metal-ceramic composites." Journal of Materials Research 13, no. 4 (April 1998): 803–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1998.0102.

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The problems encountered to tailor simultaneously various specific chemical or physical properties are discussed. Selected polymeric precursors used in association with fine powders allow the control of the nano/microstructure of composites and hence the preparation of functional (FGM) and hierarchical reinforced (HRC) composites, making it possible to combine several kinds of fibers, interphases, and matrices in the same composite (hot microwave absorbent), to control the fiber/matrix interface (long life times composites), to achieve net-shape sintering of 3D composite matrices, and to prepare thick films of metal-ceramic composites with tailored microwave absorption (radar stealthiness).

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23

Wang, Hang, Xiangxiang Li, Xiaojie Li, Xi Feng, Weimin Kang, Xianlin Xu, Xupin Zhuang, and Bowen Cheng. "Self-Assembly DBS Nanofibrils on Solution-Blown Nanofibers as Hierarchical Ion-Conducting Pathway for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells." Polymers 10, no. 9 (September 19, 2018): 1037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10091037.

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In this work, we reported a novel proton exchange membrane (PEM) with an ion-conducting pathway. The hierarchical nanofiber structure was prepared via in situ self-assembling 1,3:2,4-dibenzylidene-d-sorbitol (DBS) supramolecular fibrils on solution-blown, sulfonated poly (ether sulfone) (SPES) nanofiber, after which the composite PEM was prepared by incorporating hierarchical nanofiber into the chitosan polymer matrix. Then, the effects of incorporating the hierarchical nanofiber structure on the thermal stability, water uptake, dimensional stability, proton conductivity, and methanol permeability of the composite membranes were investigated. The results show that incorporation of hierarchical nanofiber improves the water uptake, proton conductivity, and methanol permeability of the membranes. Furthermore, the composite membrane with 50% hierarchical nanofibers exhibited the highest proton conductivity of 0.115 S cm−1 (80 °C), which was 69.12% higher than the values of pure chitosan membrane. The self-assembly allows us to generate hierarchical nanofiber among the interfiber voids, and this structure can provide potential benefits for the preparation of high-performance PEMs.

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Liebig, Wilfried V., Karl Schulte, and Bodo Fiedler. "Hierarchical analysis of the degradation of fibre-reinforced polymers under the presence of void imperfections." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 374, no. 2071 (July 13, 2016): 20150279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0279.

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The subject of this work is the investigation of the influence of voids on the mechanical properties of fibre-reinforced polymers (FRPs) under compression loading. To specify the damage accumulation of FRPs in the presence of voids, the complex three-dimensional structure of the composite including voids was analysed and a reduced mechanical model composite was derived. The hierarchical analysis of the model composite on a micro-scale level implies the description of the stress and strain behaviour of the matrix using the photoelasticity technique and digital image correlation technology. These studies are presented along with an analytical examination of the stability of a single fibre. As a result of the experimental and analytical studies, the stiffness of the matrix and fibre as well as their bonding, the initial fibre orientation and the fibre diameter have the highest impact on the failure initiation. All these facts lead to a premature fibre–matrix debonding with ongoing loss of stability of the fibre and followed by kink-band formation. Additional studies on the meso-scale of transparent glass FRPs including a unique void showed that the experiments carried out on the model composites could be transferred to real composites. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Multiscale modelling of the structural integrity of composite materials’.

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Xue, Pengchong, Hiroyuki Nomoto, Naokazu Ueki, Makoto Takafuji, and Hirotaka Ihara. "Reversible and Hierarchical Composite Gels with CdSe Nanocrystals." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 314–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.18133.

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To synthesize composite solid materials of metal salt and CdSe nanocrystals by a simple one-step method has been described. These solids can form stable gel in some organic solvent, such as benzene, cyclohexane and 1-butanol, especial in n-decane even below 0.1 wt/vol.%. Further-more, these gels appear strong fluorescence which can be easily adjusted by the gel concentration. Temperature-dependent fluorescence spectra of composite gels suggested that the CdSe NCs aggregate together in gel state which would induce the energy transfer between nanocrystals and these aggregates could be reversibly disintegrated when gel was heated to form sol. TEM observations provided the further evidence of the energy transfer and suggested that the CdSe NCs were enchased regularly not only on the surface of self assembly of metal salt, but also embedded inside of self assembly in composite gel with small size nanocrystals. In contrast, in composite organogel with large nanocrystals they were only enchased on the edge of self assembly.

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Pearce, Garth M., Shen Hin Lim, Jung Hoon Sul, B. Gangadhara Prusty, and Don W. Kelly. "Atoms to Assemblies: A Physics-Based Hierarchical Modelling Approach for Polymer Composite Components." Applied Mechanics and Materials 553 (May 2014): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.553.41.

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The development of new composite materials requires analysis and experimentation spanning scales from nanometres to metres, from “atoms to assemblies”. In this paper, concerned primarily with fibre reinforced epoxy composites, a methodology is presented which allows continuum level structural simulation to account for nanoand micro-scale size effects in composites. The novelty of this approach is the modular hierarchical nature of the simulation which ensures computational tractability, regardless of the length scales considered. Linking the nanoscale to the macroscopic scale in a single simulation allows for holistic materials development, including the addition of nanoadditives to polymer resin systems.

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Ma, Pengyang, Haoyuan Chen, Qingjie Zhang, Jing Wang, and Lan Xiang. "Preparation of Hierarchical CaSO4 Whisker and Its Reinforcing Effect on PVC Composites." Journal of Nanomaterials 2018 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7803854.

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CaSO4 whiskers (CSW) can be used to reinforce PVC matrix to produce light and strong composites. However, the weak interfacial interaction between the smooth CSW and PVC matrix limited the fabrication of PVC composite with perfect mechanical properties. In this work, CaCO3 nanoparticles were coated on CSW surface by wet modification of CSW in Na2CO3 solution at 80°C, which increased the surface roughness of CSW from 56.8 nm to 115.6 nm. The use of the hierarchical CSW rather than the raw CSW in the fabrication of CSW/PVC composite led to the increase of the flexural strength from 86.3 MPa to 113.2 MPa and the impact strength from 56.7 kJ·m−2 to 82.5 kJ·m−2 owing to the enhanced mechanical interlocking between CSW and PVC matrix.

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Pistone, Celesti, Piperopoulos, Ashok, Cembran, Tricoli, and Nisbet. "Engineering of Chitosan-Hydroxyapatite-Magnetite Hierarchical Scaffolds for Guided Bone Growth." Materials 12, no. 14 (July 20, 2019): 2321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12142321.

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Bioabsorbable materials have received increasing attention as innovative systems for the development of osteoconductive biomaterials for bone tissue engineering. In this paper, chitosan-based composites were synthesized adding hydroxyapatite and/or magnetite in a chitosan matrix by in situ precipitation technique. Composites were characterized by optical and electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and in vitro cell culture studies. Hydroxyapatite and magnetite were found to be homogeneously dispersed in the chitosan matrix and the composites showed superior biocompatibility and the ability to support cell attachment and proliferation; in particular, the chitosan/hydroxyapatite/magnetite composite (CS/HA/MGN) demonstrated superior bioactivity with respect to pure chitosan (CS) and to the chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) scaffolds

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Fish, J., A. Suvorov, and V. Belsky. "Hierarchical composite grid method for global-local analysis of laminated composite shells." Applied Numerical Mathematics 23, no. 2 (March 1997): 241–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9274(96)00068-2.

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Zu, Guangyue, Marnix Meijer, Olga Mergel, Heng Zhang, and Patrick van Rijn. "3D-Printable Hierarchical Nanogel-GelMA Composite Hydrogel System." Polymers 13, no. 15 (July 29, 2021): 2508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13152508.

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The strength of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is that it is hierarchical in terms of matrix built-up, matrix density and fiber structure, which allows for hormones, cytokines, and other small biomolecules to be stored within its network. The ECM-like hydrogels that are currently used do not possess this ability, and long-term storage, along with the need for free diffusion of small molecules, are generally incompatible requirements. Nanogels are able to fulfill the additional requirements upon successful integration. Herein, a stable hierarchical nanogel–gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) composite hydrogel system is provided by covalently embedding nanogels inside the micropore network of GelMA hydrogel to allow a controlled local functionality that is not found in a homogenous GelMA hydrogel. Nanogels have emerged as a powerful tool in nanomedicine and are highly versatile, due to their simplicity of chemical control and biological compatibility. In this study, an N-isopropylacrylamide-based nanogel with primary amine groups on the surface was modified with methacryloyl groups to obtain a photo-cross-linking ability similar to GelMA. The nanogel-GelMA composite hydrogel was formed by mixing the GelMA and the photo-initiator within the nanogel solution through UV irradiation. The morphology of the composite hydrogel was observed by scanning electron microscopy, which clearly showed the nanogel wrapped within the GelMA network and covering the surface of the pore wall. A release experiment was conducted to prove covalent bonding and the stability of the nanogel inside the GelMA hydrogel. In addition, 3D printability studies showed that the nanogel-GelMA composite ink is printable. Therefore, the suggested stable hierarchical nanogel-GelMA composite hydrogel system has great potential to achieve the in situ delivery and controllable release of bioactive molecules in 3D cell culture systems.

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Zeng, Dong, Kai Qi, and Yubing Qiu. "Constructing hierarchically porous MnO/C composite to induce diffusion kinetics for high-performance lithium-ion batteries." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2076, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2076/1/012070.

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Abstract Hybridization with transition metal oxide is broadly realized as an attractive way to smash the capacity limitation of carbon-base materials upon lithium storage. However, the influence of metal ions on the fast reaction kinetics of the electrode is still a confusing topic. Herein, a common molten salt method is displayed to fabricate hierarchically porous MnO/carbon composites. The addition of LiCl and KCl induces the fluid reaction substance by forming molten salt at a high-temperatures to beneficially achieve the activation and breaking of the carbon particles. The abundant porous and homogeneou carbon skeletons validly raise the ion/electron diffusion and transferability to prevent MnO particles from agglomerating, thereby inducing the diffusion kinetic. Moreover, the hierarchical porous MnO/carbon composite offers a highly invertible capacity of 851 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 and outstanding cyclic performance. This work has opened up a path for metal oxidation/carbon composite materials in electrochemical energy storage.

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Carrera, E., and G. Giunta. "Hierarchical Evaluation of Failure Parameters in Composite Plates." AIAA Journal 47, no. 3 (March 2009): 692–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.38585.

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Pan, Hao, Wei She, Wenqiang Zuo, Yang Zhou, Jiale Huang, Zhongwen Zhang, Zifan Geng, et al. "Hierarchical Toughening of a Biomimetic Bulk Cement Composite." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 12, no. 47 (November 10, 2020): 53297–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c15313.

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Zheng, Jiajun, Xiwen Zhang, Yan Zhang, Jinghong Ma, and Ruifeng Li. "Structural effects of hierarchical pores in zeolite composite." Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 122, no. 1-3 (June 2009): 264–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2009.03.009.

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Yin, Sha, Linzhi Wu, and Steven Nutt. "Stretch–bend-hybrid hierarchical composite pyramidal lattice cores." Composite Structures 98 (April 2013): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2012.11.004.

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Chen, Sheng‐Hong, Nan Qin, Gui‐Sheng Xu, and Isam Shahrour. "Hierarchical algorithm of composite element containing drainage holes." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering 26, no. 12 (June 2, 2009): 1856–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1271.

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Ding, Yunpeng, Sijia Jiao, Yizhuang Zhang, Zhiai Shi, Jinbiao Hu, Xulei Wang, Zhiyuan Li, Hanying Wang, and Xiaoqin Guo. "Influence of Soft Phase and Carbon Nanotube Content on the Properties of Hierarchical AZ61 Matrix Composite with Isolated Soft Phase." Nanomaterials 12, no. 16 (August 21, 2022): 2877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12162877.

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Carbon nanotube-reinforced magnesium matrix (CNTs/Mg) composite has great application potential in the transportation industry, but the trade-off between strength and ductility inhibits its widespread application. In order to balance the strength and plasticity of the composite, in this work, on the basis of the AZ61 matrix composite homogeneously reinforced by Ni-coated CNTs (hard phase), 30 vol.% large-size AZ61 particles are introduced as an isolated soft phase to fabricate hierarchical CNTs/AZ61 composites. The compression tests show the fracture strain and compressive strength of this composite increases by 54% and 8%, respectively, compared with homogeneous CNTs/AZ61 composite. During deformation, the hard phase is mainly responsible for bearing the load and bringing high strength, due to the precipitation of the Mg17Al12 phase, uniformly dispersed CNT and strong interfacial bonding of the CNTs/Mg interface through nickel plating and interfacial chemical reaction. Furthermore, the toughening of the soft phase results in high ductility. With the increase in CNT content, the compressive strength of composites is nearly unchanged but the fracture strain gradually decreases due to the stress concentration of CNT and its agglomeration.

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Schmahl, Wolfgang, Erika Griesshaber, Lurdes Fernandez-Diaz, Andreas Ziegler, Klemens Kelm, Bernd Maier, Fitriana Nindiyasari, and Guntram Jordan. "Hierarchical structure of CaCO3biominerals – mesocrystals and functionalization." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314097605.

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Skeletal parts and teeth of marine organisms, avian eggshells, trilobite and isopod eyes, and many more biomineralized tissues consist of bio-calcite or bio-aragonite crystals. We explore the nano- to micro-scale architectures of these materials by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and complementary techniques. In contrast to their inorganic cousins the biogenic "crystals" are hybrid composites with small amounts of organic matrix controlling morphogenesis and critically improving mechanical performance or other functions. For the biominerals meso-crystal-like structures are ubiquitous, consisting of co-oriented nano-blocks with a mosaic-spread of a few degrees, depending on the organism and on the size of the mesocrystal entity[1, 2, 3]. The nano-mosaic can be attributed to growth by nano-particle accretion from an amorphous or gel-like precursor, where relics of organic matrix cause misorientations between the crystallized nano-blocks. Recently we were able to reproduce this feature in gel-grown calcite [Nindiyasari et al., Crystal Growth and Design, in press]. The mesocrystal-co-orientation spreads on to the micro- and even millimeter-scale, frequently with a fractal nature of co-oriented hierarchical units [Maier et al., Acta Biomaterialia, accepted for publication]. The hierarchically structured morphology of the composite crystal or polycrystal is always directed by organic matrix membranes. Sea urchin teeth show a multiplex composite crystal architecture, where different subunits of engineered shapes, Mg-contents, and small misalignments are essential prerequisites for self-sharpening [1]. The figure shows an EBSD map of dendritic interdigitating calcite crystals in an avian egg shell (color coding for crystal orientation) with an misorientation profile along the grey line.

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Zhao, Tian, Hexin Zhu, and Ming Dong. "A Polyoxometalate Composite Based on Hierarchical MIL-101 with Enhanced Catalytic Activity in Methanolysis of Styrene Oxide." Catalysts 10, no. 7 (July 10, 2020): 772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10070772.

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A new efficient polyoxometalate composite catalyst of hierarchical MIL-101 and phosphotungstic acid (PTA) was facilely prepared by the immersion method. The material was thoroughly characterized by powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and inductively coupled plasma‒optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Compared to the pristine nonhierarchical MIL-101 composite, the hierarchical composite demonstrated much higher catalytic performance in methanolysis of styrene oxide, such as catalytic activity and reusability.

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Li, Yan, Han Zhang, Ton Peijs, and Emiliano Bilotti. "Graphene Delivery Systems for Hierarchical Fiber Reinforced Composites." MRS Advances 1, no. 19 (2016): 1339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.92.

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ABSTRACTThree different methods are evaluated for the introduction of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) in hierarchical carbon- or glass fiber reinforced plastics. They involve; (1) direct infusion of GNP filled epoxy resin, (2) spray coating of GNP on fiber preforms and (3) the use of dissolvable thermoplastic interleaf carrier films. Direct infusion of GNP filled resin is the easiest method to deliver GNP into composite laminates but may lead to viscosity and filtration issues. Automated spray coating was set up to manufacture GNP modified carbon- or glass fiber fabrics, while graphene filled phenoxy interleaf films were manufactured by bar coating, both followed by resin infusion using neat epoxy resin to produce GNP modified epoxy laminates, without the disadvantages of GNP filled resins. No substantial difference in interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) for composites manufactured using the different delivery methods is found. However, the electrical conductivity of the GNP modified glass-fiber composites manufactured by spray coating of glass fabrics is two orders of magnitude higher than for laminates made by direct infusion of GNP modified resin.

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Doineau, Estelle, Bernard Cathala, Jean-Charles Benezet, Julien Bras, and Nicolas Le Moigne. "Development of Bio-Inspired Hierarchical Fibres to Tailor the Fibre/Matrix Interphase in (Bio)composites." Polymers 13, no. 5 (March 5, 2021): 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13050804.

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Several naturally occurring biological systems, such as bones, nacre or wood, display hierarchical architectures with a central role of the nanostructuration that allows reaching amazing properties such as high strength and toughness. Developing such architectures in man-made materials is highly challenging, and recent research relies on this concept of hierarchical structures to design high-performance composite materials. This review deals more specifically with the development of hierarchical fibres by the deposition of nano-objects at their surface to tailor the fibre/matrix interphase in (bio)composites. Fully synthetic hierarchical fibre reinforced composites are described, and the potential of hierarchical fibres is discussed for the development of sustainable biocomposite materials with enhanced structural performance. Based on various surface, microstructural and mechanical characterizations, this review highlights that nano-objects coated on natural fibres (carbon nanotubes, ZnO nanowires, nanocelluloses) can improve the load transfer and interfacial adhesion between the matrix and the fibres, and the resulting mechanical performances of biocomposites. Indeed, the surface topography of the fibres is modified with higher roughness and specific surface area, implying increased mechanical interlocking with the matrix. As a result, the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) between fibres and polymer matrices is enhanced, and failure mechanisms can be modified with a crack propagation occurring through a zig-zag path along interphases.

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Rosa, Natacha, Marcelo F. S. F. Moura, Susana Olhero, Ricardo Simoes, Fernão D. Magalhães, António Torres Marques, João P. S. Ferreira, Ana Rita Reis, Mariana Carvalho, and Marco Parente. "Bone: An Outstanding Composite Material." Applied Sciences 12, no. 7 (March 26, 2022): 3381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12073381.

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Bone is an outstanding, well-designed composite. It is constituted by a multi-level structure wherein its properties and behavior are dependent on its composition and structural organization at different length scales. The combination of unique mechanical properties with adaptive and self-healing abilities makes bone an innovative model for the future design of synthetic biomimetic composites with improved performance in bone repair and regeneration. However, the relation between structure and properties in bone is very complex. In this review article, we intend to describe the hierarchical organization of bone on progressively greater scales and present the basic concepts that are fundamental to understanding the arrangement-based mechanical properties at each length scale and their influence on bone’s overall structural behavior. The need for a better understanding of bone’s intricate composite structure is also highlighted.

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Xu, Jun, Yaobo Wu, Xiang Gao, Huaping Wu, Steven Nutt, and Sha Yin. "Design of composite lattice materials combined with fabrication approaches." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 3 (August 13, 2018): 393–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318785710.

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Lattice materials can be designed through their microstructure while concurrently considering fabrication feasibility. Here, we propose two types of composite lattice materials with enhanced resistance to buckling: (a) hollow lattice materials fabricated by a newly developed bottom-up assembly technique and the previously developed thermal expansion molding technique and (b) hierarchical lattice materials with foam core sandwich trusses fabricated by interlocking assembly process. The mechanical performance of sandwich structures featuring the two types of lattice cores was tested and analyzed theoretically. For hollow lattice core material, samples from two different fabrication processes were compared and both failed by nodal rupture or debonding. In contrast, hierarchical lattice structures failed by shear buckling without interfacial failure in the sandwich struts. Calculations using established analytical models indicated that the shear strength of hollow lattice cores could be optimized by judicious selection of the thickness of patterned plates. Likewise, the shear strength of hierarchical foam core truss cores could be maximized (with minimal weight) through design of truss geometry. The bottom-up assembly technique could provide a feasible way for mass production of lattice cores, but the design about how to assembly is critical. Hierarchical lattice cores with foam sandwich trusses should be a suitable choice for future lightweight material application.

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Karakassides, Anastasios, Angeliki Karakassides, Michaella Konstantinidou, Alkiviadis S. Paipetis, and Pagona Papakonstantinou. "Enhanced out of Plane Electrical Conductivity in Polymer Composites Induced by CO2 Laser Irradiation of Carbon Fibers." Applied Sciences 10, no. 10 (May 21, 2020): 3561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10103561.

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The creation of a hierarchical interface between the carbon fiber (CF) and the epoxy resin matrix of fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites has become an effective strategy for introducing multifunctional properties. Although the efficacy of many hierarchical interfaces has been established in lab-scale, their production is not amenable to high-volume, continuous, cost effective fiber production, which is required for the large-scale commercialization of composites. This work investigates the use of commercially available CO2 laser as a means of nano-structuring the surface of carbon fiber (CF) tows in an incessant throughput procedure. Even though the single carbon fiber tensile strength measurements showed a decrease up to 68% for the exposed CFs, the electrical conductivity exhibited an increment up to 18.4%. Furthermore, results on laminates comprised of irradiated unidirectional CF cloth, demonstrated an enhancement in out of plane electrical conductivity up to 43%, while preserved the Mode-I interlaminar fracture toughness of the composite, showing the potential for multifunctionality. This work indicates that the laser-induced graphitization of the CF surface can act as an interface for fast and cost-effective manufacturing of multifunctional CFRP composite materials.

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Yuan, Xiaoya, Xin Cheng, Qiuye Jing, Jiawei Niu, Dong Peng, Zijuan Feng, and Xue Wu. "ZnO/ZnAl2O4 Nanocomposite with 3D Sphere-Like Hierarchical Structure for Photocatalytic Reduction of Aqueous Cr(VI)." Materials 11, no. 9 (September 5, 2018): 1624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11091624.

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Three dimensional (3D) ZnO/ZnAl2O4 nanocomposites (ZnnAl-MMO) were synthesized by a simple urea-assisted hydrothermal process and subsequent high-temperature calcination. The as-prepared samples and their precursors were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and Photoluminescence spectra (PL). It was observed that the morphology of ZnnAl-MMO nanocomposites could be tuned from cubic aggregates, hierarchically flower-like spheres to porous microspheres by simply changing the molar ratio of metal cations of the starting reaction mixtures. The photocatalytic performance of ZnO/ZnAl2O4 nanocomposites in the photoreduction of aqueous Cr(VI) indicated that the as-prepared 3D hierarchical sphere-like ZnnAl-MMO nanocomposite showed excellent photocatalytic activity of Cr(VI) reduction under UV light irradiation. The results indicated that the maximum removal percentage of aqueous Cr(VI) was 98% within four hours at 10 mg/L initial concentration of Cr(VI), owing to the effective charge separation and diversion of photogenerated carriers across the heterojunction interface of the composite. Our study put forward a facile method to fabricate hierarchical ZnO/ZnAl2O4 composites with potential applications for wastewater treatment.

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Ding, Xuli, Haifeng Wang, Xiaoxiao Liu, Zhonghui Gao, Yangyang Huang, Danhui Lv, Pengfei He, and Yunhui Huang. "Advanced anodes composed of graphene encapsulated nano-silicon in a carbon nanotube network." RSC Advances 7, no. 26 (2017): 15694–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra01877k.

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OIDE, Kai, Tsuyoshi ICHIMURA, Yoshiteru ISHIBASHI, and Kenjiro TERADA. "HIERARCHICAL FINITE ELEMENTS FOR AVERAGE BAHAVIOR OF COMPOSITE STRUCTURES." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, no. 745 (2003): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.2003.745_15.

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Li, Yue, Xing Jiu Huang, Sung Hwan Heo, Cun Cheng Li, Yang Kyu Choi, Wei Ping Cai, and Sung Oh Cho. "Superhydrophobic Bionic Surfaces with Hierarchical Microsphere/SWCNT Composite Arrays." Langmuir 23, no. 4 (February 2007): 2169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la0620758.

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Yu, Jung-Hoon, Hyeeun Yang, Rak Hyun Jung, Ji Won Lee, and Jin-Hyo Boo. "Hierarchical NiO/TiO2 composite structures for enhanced electrochromic durability." Thin Solid Films 664 (October 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2018.07.049.

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Zellmer, Sabrina, Georg Garnweitner, Thomas Breinlinger, Torsten Kraft, and Carsten Schilde. "Hierarchical Structure Formation of Nanoparticulate Spray-Dried Composite Aggregates." ACS Nano 9, no. 11 (October 29, 2015): 10749–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5b05220.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Hierarchical composite'

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