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1
MALACRIDA, ALESSIO. "EVALUATION OF ANTITUMORAL EFFECTS OF HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA ON MULTIPLE MYELOMA CELLS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/158152.
Full textAbstract:
Hibiscus Sabdariffa (HS) is a plant of the Malvacee family commonly cultured in tropical and subtropical countries. It is mainly known as the main ingredient for the preparation of cold drink called Karkadè. Calices and leaves of HS plant are also used in folk medicine thanks to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In recent years, HS has also gained great interest as a possible antitumoral agent.
In the present PhD project, we evaluated the antitumoral effects of HS against multiple mye-loma cells in vitro. Multiple myeloma is the most frequent hematological malignancy world-wide. In recent years, new drugs have increased the survival expectancy of patients. Despite this, new therapeutic approaches are necessary, especially for high multiple myeloma hetero-geneity and for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.
The project was organized in three distinct phases:
1- Evaluation of antitumoral effects of HS against RPMI 8226 human multiple myeloma cells. We demonstrated by MTT and Trypan blue assays that a total HS extract (HSE) and one of its fraction obtained by liquid-liquid extraction (HSEC) were able to impair cell viability of human multiple myeloma RPMI 8226 in a dose and time dependent manner. HSE cell viability reduction was due to a cytostatic action, while HSEC was more cytotoxic and induced a caspase dependent apoptosis. Moreover, both HSE and HSEC impaired cell migration and invasion of RPMI 8226 cells in a Boyden chamber as-say. We also demonstrated in in vitro model of neurotoxicity (dorsal root ganglia model) that HSE and HSEC concentrations used in our experiments were not neurotoxic. In RPMI 8226 cells autophagy and proteasome activity were impaired by both HSE and HSEC. MAPK p38 activation was observed in the first 6h of treatment, while ERK 1 and ERK 2 activation occurred between 16 and 48h.
2- Evaluation of combinations between Bortezomib (BTZ) and HSE or HSEC against RPMI 8226 multiple myeloma cells. We evaluated several combinations between BTZ and HSE or HSEC (simultaneous, not-simultaneous treatment and pretreatment) using MTT assay to assess their effectiveness. Among all evaluated combinations, only the 24h BTZ 1nM pretreatment followed by HSE or HSEC treatment resulted more effective than BTZ or HSE or HSEC single treatment in reducing cell viability. This combination was not neurotoxic in the dorsal root ganglia model.
3- Isolation and characterization of HSEC molecules responsible of the antitumoral ef-fect. Using a bioguided method, we isolated several fractions from HSEC. Fractions were obtained by flash column chromatography or by resin use. Molecular characterization was performed by HPLC, NMR or mass spectrometry, while biological activity was screened in human multiple myeloma RPMI 8226 cells by MTT and proteasome activity assay. We isolated three fractions with a first fractionating process that keep their activ-ity on RPMI 8226 cells, but that are not completely pure. In a second fractionating, we isolated a highly pure fraction with a significant activity on RPMI 8226 cell viability. We also characterized this fraction by both a molecular and biological point of view.
In conclusion, we demonstrated the antitumoral effect of HS in vitro against RPMI 8226 multiple myeloma cells. We also found a new therapeutic combination between BTZ and HS that enhanced their antitumoral effect when compared to single treatments. Moreover, we also isolated one of the molecules that are involved in the antitumoral effect of HS.
The results of my PhD project showed that HS could be a promising chemotherapeutic agent, but further studies are still needed.Hibiscus Sabdariffa (HS) is a plant of the Malvacee family commonly cultured in tropical and subtropical countries. It is mainly known as the main ingredient for the preparation of cold drink called Karkadè. Calices and leaves of HS plant are also used in folk medicine thanks to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In recent years, HS has also gained great interest as a possible antitumoral agent. In the present PhD project, we evaluated the antitumoral effects of HS against multiple mye-loma cells in vitro. Multiple myeloma is the most frequent hematological malignancy world-wide. In recent years, new drugs have increased the survival expectancy of patients. Despite this, new therapeutic approaches are necessary, especially for high multiple myeloma hetero-geneity and for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. The project was organized in three distinct phases: 1- Evaluation of antitumoral effects of HS against RPMI 8226 human multiple myeloma cells. We demonstrated by MTT and Trypan blue assays that a total HS extract (HSE) and one of its fraction obtained by liquid-liquid extraction (HSEC) were able to impair cell viability of human multiple myeloma RPMI 8226 in a dose and time dependent manner. HSE cell viability reduction was due to a cytostatic action, while HSEC was more cytotoxic and induced a caspase dependent apoptosis. Moreover, both HSE and HSEC impaired cell migration and invasion of RPMI 8226 cells in a Boyden chamber as-say. We also demonstrated in in vitro model of neurotoxicity (dorsal root ganglia model) that HSE and HSEC concentrations used in our experiments were not neurotoxic. In RPMI 8226 cells autophagy and proteasome activity were impaired by both HSE and HSEC. MAPK p38 activation was observed in the first 6h of treatment, while ERK 1 and ERK 2 activation occurred between 16 and 48h. 2- Evaluation of combinations between Bortezomib (BTZ) and HSE or HSEC against RPMI 8226 multiple myeloma cells. We evaluated several combinations between BTZ and HSE or HSEC (simultaneous, not-simultaneous treatment and pretreatment) using MTT assay to assess their effectiveness. Among all evaluated combinations, only the 24h BTZ 1nM pretreatment followed by HSE or HSEC treatment resulted more effective than BTZ or HSE or HSEC single treatment in reducing cell viability. This combination was not neurotoxic in the dorsal root ganglia model. 3- Isolation and characterization of HSEC molecules responsible of the antitumoral ef-fect. Using a bioguided method, we isolated several fractions from HSEC. Fractions were obtained by flash column chromatography or by resin use. Molecular characterization was performed by HPLC, NMR or mass spectrometry, while biological activity was screened in human multiple myeloma RPMI 8226 cells by MTT and proteasome activity assay. We isolated three fractions with a first fractionating process that keep their activ-ity on RPMI 8226 cells, but that are not completely pure. In a second fractionating, we isolated a highly pure fraction with a significant activity on RPMI 8226 cell viability. We also characterized this fraction by both a molecular and biological point of view. In conclusion, we demonstrated the antitumoral effect of HS in vitro against RPMI 8226 multiple myeloma cells. We also found a new therapeutic combination between BTZ and HS that enhanced their antitumoral effect when compared to single treatments. Moreover, we also isolated one of the molecules that are involved in the antitumoral effect of HS. The results of my PhD project showed that HS could be a promising chemotherapeutic agent, but further studies are still needed.
2
Ndiaye, Oumoule. "Impacts of Water, Extraction Procedure and Origin on Anthocyanins and Volatile Compositions of Hibiscus Extracts and Freeze-Dried Hibiscus." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/88756.
Full textAbstract:
There has been a lot of interest in Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), called Bissap in Senegal, hibiscus recently because of consumer interest in nutraceutical products. However, beverages made from hibiscus have a short self-life due to anthocyanin and flavor degradation. The purpose of our study was first to assess the impacts of water, extraction procedure and origin on the anthocyanins of hibiscus extracts and secondly, to examine the impacts of freeze-drying on the anthocyanins and the volatiles compositions of hibiscus extracts. For the first experiment, a 2x3 factorial design was used with hibiscus calyces from Senegal and Egypt for the factor origin, distilled water and reformulated Dakar (Senegal) water for the second factor water, and then cold and hot extraction procedures were applied. For the second experiment, Senegalese hibiscus was extracted with hot and cold water and one part of each extract was freeze-dried. For both objectives, a ratio of 1:15 w/v (1 kilogram of calyces for 15 liters of water) were used. The time-temperature was 98°C / 30 min for hot and 22°C / 4 hours for cold extractions. The anthocyanins were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). And the volatiles were measured using headspace-solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GCMS). Origin and temperature as well as their interaction had significant effects on the anthocyanin contents, with respective p-values of 0.0036 and 0.0025 and 0.0002. Freeze-drying showed no effect on the anthocyanins in cold extracts. In contrast, a significant difference between the hot extract and its freeze-dried product was observed with a p-value of 0.0013. For the flavor compounds, the aroma profiles were different between cold and hot extracts and their instant powders. Globally the results of this study can help in the optimization when processing hibiscus derivatives.MSLFS
3
Silva, Analú Barbosa da. "Caracterização antibacteriana, química e fitoquímica de flores de Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. (mimo-de-vênus) e Hibiscus syriacus L. (hibisco-da-síria) como fonte de alimento." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/101498.
Full textAbstract:
O Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. e o Hibiscus syriacus L., da família Malvaceae são utilizados na área ornamental, mas nos últimos anos vem ganhando espaço na área alimentícia como flores comestíveis. Alguns estudos demonstram o potencial antibacteriano destas variedades frente a diversos microrganismos e sobre sua composição nutricional e fitoquímica há poucas pesquisas. Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a intensidade de atividade de inibição (IINIB) e a inativação bacteriana (IINAB) in vitro dos dois extratos alcoólicos das flores dos hibiscos e a relação com os polifenóis e antocianinas, e quantificar os compostos nutricionais e bioativos comparados com a atividade antioxidante. Avaliou-se a ação antibacteriana frente às bactérias de interesse alimentar, Staphylococcus aureus e Salmonella Enteretidis resultando em diferenças significativas entre as médias dos valores arbitrários (IINIB/IINAB). Observou-se a resistência da primeira bactéria com a segunda respectivamente em ambos os extratos vegetais. O doseamento dos compostos fitoquímicos presentes constatou que as plantas possuem correlação com a atividade antibacteriana e as propriedades químicas demonstraram valores significativos do ponto de vista nutricional e detectou-se efeito relevante com a atividade antioxidante.The Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. and Hibiscus syriacus L., Malvaceae the family are used in the ornamental area, but in recent years has been gaining ground in the food area as edible flowers. Some studies have demonstrated the antibacterial potential of these varieties against various microorganisms and on their nutritional composition and phytochemical little research. This study aimed to analyze the intensity of activity inhibition (IINIB) and bacterial inactivation (IINAB) in vitro of both alcoholic extracts of petals of flowers of hibiscus and relationship with polyphenols and anthocyanins, and quantify the nutritional and bioactive compounds compared with antioxidant activity. We evaluated the antibacterial action on the bacteria of food interest, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Enteretidis resulting in significant differences between the means of arbitrary values (IINIB/IINAB), where there was resistance from the first to the second bacterium in both extracts vegetables. The determination of phytochemical compounds found that plants have a correlation with the antibacterial activity and chemical properties showed significant amounts of nutritional standpoint and significant effect was detected with antioxidant activity.
4
Cassol, Liliana. "Extração de compostos bioativos do hibisco (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) por micro-ondas e seu encapsulamento por atomização e liofilização." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/179787.
Full textAbstract:
Os cálices do hibisco possuem uma grande quantidade de compostos bioativos responsáveis pela sua atividade antioxidante. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos a obtenção de extratos contendo esses compostos bioativos em solução aquosa com 2 % de ácido cítrico por extração assistida por micro-ondas (EAM) e o encapsulamento desses extratos por atomização e liofilização utilizando polidextrose (PD), proteína isolada do soro de leite (WPI) e a mistura destes na concentração de 10 %. Previamente foram estudados três métodos de extração, o primeiro usando somente EAM a 200, 300 e 700 W de potência, e tempos de 2, 5 e 8 minutos; o segundo consistiu de dois períodos, a extração aquosa ácida com tempos de 1, 2, 4, 6, 18 e 24 horas seguida de EAM nas potências de 200, 300 e 700 W; o terceiro consistiu de EAM seguida de extração aquosa ácida, nos mesmos tempos e potências citados para o segundo método. Os resultados indicaram que a melhor condição do primeiro método foi a 700 W e 8 min, do segundo método realizada a 6 horas de extração aquosa ácida, seguida de EAM a 700 W por 8 min e do terceiro método, EAM a 700 W por 8 min seguida de 6 horas de extração aquosa ácida. Quando os três métodos foram comparados, a melhor condição de extração foi aquela obtida no terceiro método: 1,63 mg delfinidina-3-sambubiosídeo · g-1; 29,62 mg EAG · g-1; 133,25 μmol ET · g-1 para antocianinas, fenólicos totais e atividade antioxidante por ABTS, respectivamente. Para avaliar o efeito da extração obtida somente por EAM, os extratos obtidos por extração exaustiva com metanol por 25 min e EAM a 700 W e 8 min foram quantificados por HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS, sendo encontrados 13 compostos (6 ácidos fenólicos, 2 antocianinas e 5 flavonóides derivados da quercetina, kaempferol e miricetina). Os compostos fenólicos majoritários foram o ácido 3-cafeoilquínico (2,58 e 1,32 mg · g-1) e ácido 5-cafeoilquínico (1,71 e 0,90 mg · g-1) para extração exaustiva e EAM, respectivamente. Esse mesmo extrato (700 W e 8 min) foi encapsulado por atomização (160 °C) e liofilização (- 68 °C por 54 horas). Os pós obtidos foram avaliados quanto aos teores de compostos fenólicos totais, antocianinas monoméricas totais, atividade antioxidante (ABTS, DPPH e HRSA), medidas por análises espectrofotométricas, atividade de água, umidade, higroscopicidade, solubilidade, eficiência de encapsulação, cor, análise termogravimétrica, temperatura de transição vítrea, espectroscopia de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR) e microestrutura (MEV). Os pós atomizados tiveram menor atividade de água (0,14 a 0,17), umidade (3,4 a 4,5 %), higroscopicidade (23,9 a 34,1 %), solubilidade (86 a 98,2 %) e eficiência de encapsulação (51,62 a 84,52 %) do que os pós liofilizados. Os resultados do FTIR mostraram que os encapsulantes não interagiram quimicamente, visto que não foram observados mudanças na frequência dos picos; as provas termogravimétricas indicaram que os pós apresentaram a mesma tendência nas perdas de massa. Na análise de microestrutura foi observado um melhor desempenho nas micropartículas atomizadas com PD, as quais mostraram partículas mais esféricas e sem tendência de atração e aderência entre si. Foram obtidas retenções de 38 a 77 % para antocianinas monoméricas totais, 42 a 89 % para compostos fenólicos totais, e entre 33 e 90 % para atividade antioxidante nos pós obtidos. O pó encapsulado liofilizado com 10 % de polidextrose mostrou uma maior retenção de antocianinas (77 %), atividade antioxidante por DDPH (90 %) e HRSA (74 %), entretanto com maior higroscopicidade (39,4 %). As provas aceleradas de estocagem (umidades relativas de 75 e 90 % em temperaturas de 40 e 60 °C) realizadas em todos os pós encapsulados, após 30 dias, indicaram que o tratamento liofilizado com 10 % de PD foi o que apresentou melhores resultados a essas condições, retendo 75 % dos compostos fenólicos, com atividades antioxidantes medidas por ABTS, DPPH e HRSA de 75, 90 e 74 %, respectivamente, existentes no extrato original. O pó obtido tem potencial para aplicação em alimentos, portanto, devido ao hibisco ser uma matriz com ampla composição de compostos bioativos.The hibiscus calyces contend a high quantity of bioactive compounds responsible for their antioxidant activity. The present paper was aimed the production of extracts containing those bioactive compounds in acidified aqueous solution 2 % of citric acid by microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and the encapsulation of those extracts by spray drying and freeze-drying using polydextrose (PD), whey protein isolate (WPI) and their mixture in the concentration of 10 %. Previously three methods of extraction were studied, the first using only MAE at 200, 300 and 700 W of power, and times of 2, 5 and 8 minutes; the second consisted of two steps, the acid aqueous extraction with times of 1, 2, 4, 6, 18 and 24 hours followed by MAE at the powers of 200, 300 and 700 Watts; the third consisted of MAE followed by acid aqueous extraction, in the same times and powers mentioned for the second method. The results indicated that the best condition of the first method was 700 W and 8 minutes, the second method performed at 6 hours of acid aqueous extraction, followed by MAE at 700 W for 8 minutes and the third method, MAE at 700 W for 8 minutes followed by 6 hours of acid aqueous extraction. When the three methods are compared, the best condition of extraction was obtained in the third method: 1.63 mg delphinidin-3-sambubioside · g-1; 29.62 mg GAE · g-1; 133.25 μmol TE · g-1 for total monomeric anthocyanins, total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity by ABTS, respectively. To evaluate the effect of the extraction obtained only by MAE, the extracts obtained by exhaustive extraction with methanol for 25 minutes and MAE at 700 W and 8 minutes were quantified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS, was found 13 compounds (6 phenolic acids, 2 anthocyanins and 5 flavonoids derived from quercetin, kaempferol and myricetin). The phenolic compounds majorities were acid 3-caffeoylquinic (2.58 e 1.32 mg · g-1) and acid 5-caffeoylquinic (1.71 e 0.90 mg · g-1) for exhaustive extraction and MAE, respectively. That same extract (700 W and 8 minutes) was encapsulated by spray drying (160 ºC) and freeze-drying (- 68 °C for 54 hours). The obtained powders were evaluated about the levels of total phenolic compounds, total monomeric anthocyanins, antioxidant activity (ABTS, DPPH e HRSA), measured by spectrophotometric analysis, water activity, moisture, hygroscopicity, solubility, encapsulation efficiency, color, thermogravimetric analysis, glass transition temperature, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and microstructure (MEV). The spray dried powders had lower water activity (0.14 to 0.17), moisture (3.4 to 4.5 %), hygroscopicity (23.9 to 34.1 %), solubility (86 to 98.2 %) and encapsulation efficiency (51.62 to 84.52 %) than the freeze-dried powders. The results of FTIR showed that the encapsulants did not interact chemically, since changes were not observed on the frequency of the peaks; the thermogravimetric tests indicated that the powders presented the same tendency on the mass loss. On the microstructure analysis a better perform was observed on the spray dried microparticles with PD, which showed more spherical particles and with no tendency of attraction and adherence between them. Were obtained retentions of 38 to 77 % for total monomeric anthocyanins, 42 to 89 % for total phenolic compounds and between 33 and 90 % for antioxidant activity in the obtained powders. The encapsulated power by freeze-drying, with 10 % of polydextrose, was showed higher retention of anthocyanins (77 %), antioxidant activity by DDPH (90 %) and HRSA (74 %), however with higher hygroscopicity (39.4 %). The accelerated tests of storage (relative humidity of 75 and 90 % in temperatures of 40 and 60 ºC) performed in all the encapsulated powders, after 30 days, indicated that the freeze-drying treatment with 10 % of PD has the best behavior in those conditions, retaining 75 % of the phenolic compounds, with antioxidant activities measured by ABTS, DPPH and HRSA of 75, 90 and 74 %, respectively, present in the original extract. The obtained powder has potential for application in foods, therefore, due to the hibiscus being a matrix with ample composition of bioactive compounds.
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Maciel, Mônica Jachetti. "Avaliação do extrato alcoólico de hibisco (hibiscus sabdariffa l.) como fator de proteção antibacteriana e antioxidante em alimentos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/29544.
Full textAbstract:
O hibisco (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) além de possuir propriedades antioxidantes e antimicrobianas, é utilizado como planta medicinal e alimento funcional nos países tropicais. Através de Testes de Diluição em Sistema de Tubos Múltiplos determinou-se a Intensidade de Atividade de Inibição Bacteriana (IINIB/Bacteriostasia) e a Intensidade de Atividade de Inativação Bacteriana (IINAB/Bactericidia) de extrato alcoólico de dois acessos de hibisco, a saber: Palmares do Sul/RS e Porto Alegre/RS sobre inóculos padronizados de Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 19433), Escherichia coli (ATCC 11229), Salmonella Enteritidis (ATCC 11076) e Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923). Paralelamente, o teor de polifenóis totais e de antocianinas nos cálices e nos frutos com sementes do hibisco foi determinado. A atividade antimicrobiana do extrato alcoólico de cálices, em ambos os acessos, apresentou diferença positiva significativa quando relacionada ao extrato alcoólico dos frutos com sementes. Salmonella Enteritidis foi a bactéria mais sensível ao extrato alcoólico de cálices do hibisco enquanto a mais resistente foi Staphylococcus aureus, independente da variável acesso, considerando somente a estrutura vegetal. Em relação ao extrato alcoólico dos frutos com sementes, Escherichia coli demonstrou a maior sensibilidade e Staphylococcus aureus a maior resistência. Os valores de polifenóis totais e de antocianinas do extrato alcoólico de cálices apresentaram diferença significativa entre si e foram superiores ao extrato alcoólico dos frutos com sementes. Possivelmente existe uma relação direta entre a concentração de antocianina e a atividade antibacteriana em diferentes estruturas vegetais do hibisco.The hibiscus (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) has antioxidant and antimicrobial properties and it is utilized as functional food and medicinal plant in tropical countries. Through of Dilution Testing in Multiple Tubes System, it were determined the intensity of bacterial inhibition activity (IINIB/ Bacteriostasy) and the intensity of bacterial inactivation activity (IINAB/ Bactericidie) of alcoholic extracts of two accesses of hibiscus, known as: Palmares do Sul/RS and Porto Alegre/RS on standardized inoculum of Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 19433), Escherichia coli (ATCC 11229), Salmonella Enteritidis (ATCC 11076) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923). At the same time, the total content of polyphenols and anthocyanins in the calyxes and fruits with seeds hibiscus was determined. The antimicrobial activity of alcoholic extract of the calyxes in both accesses showed a significant positive difference when related to the alcoholic extract of the fruits with seeds. Salmonella enteritidis was the most sensitive bacteria to the alcoholic extract of calyxes of the hibiscus while the most resistant was Staphylococcus aureus, independent of the variable access, considering only the plant structure. In relation to the alcoholic extract of the fruits with seeds, Escherichia coli showed the highest sensitivity and Staphylococcus aureus the highest resistence. Total polyphenols and anthocyanins of alcoholic extract of calyxes‟s values showed a significant difference and they were superior to alcohol extract of fruits with seeds. Possibly there is a direct relationship between the concentration of anthocyanin and antibacterial activity in different structures of the hibiscus plant.
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Piovesana, Alessandra. "Extração, identificação, quantificação e microencapsulamento por atomização e liofilização de compostos bioativos dos cálices de hibisco (hibiscus sabdariffa l.)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/151290.
Full textAbstract:
O interesse pela extração dos compostos bioativos, a partir de fontes naturais, para o emprego na produção de alimentos funcionais tem aumentado, devido, principalmente, à crescente demanda por parte dos consumidores, por produtos mais saudáveis e que possam trazer benefícios à saúde. Dentre as fontes naturais de compostos bioativos, destaca-se o hibisco (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), que é rico em antocianinas, flavonoides, ácidos fenólicos, carotenoides, dentre outros. Entretanto, quando os compostos bioativos são separados de suas matrizes, estes se tornam altamente instáveis frente a diversos fatores ambientais, necessitando serem protegidos. O recobrimento por microencapsulamento é uma alternativa para retardar a degradação desses compostos. Este estudo teve como objetivo a extração, identificação, quantificação e microencapsulamento por atomização e liofilização dos compostos bioativos dos cálices do hibisco. Primeiramente, foi realizada a extração exaustiva total dos carotenoides e compostos fenólicos por meio de solventes orgânicos, para a identificação e quantificação desses compostos. Também foi estudada a extração de antocianinas e demais compostos fenólicos por meio de solvente aquoso acidificado (ácido cítrico 2 %, p/v). A partir do melhor tratamento de extração, o extrato obtido foi microencapsulado mediante atomização e liofilização, empregando goma arábica (GA), goma guar parcialmente hidrolisada (GGPH) e polidextrose (PD) como agentes encapsulantes, na concentração de 10%. Os carotenoides e compostos fenólicos foram identificados e quantificados por HPLC-DAD-MS/MS (cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com detecção por arranjo de diodos e espectrometria de massa). Vinte e um carotenoides foram encontrados, dos quais, quinze foram identificados. O total de carotenoides nos cálices de hibisco foi de 641,38 ± 23,61 μg/100 g massa fresca, sendo a all-trans-luteína e o all-trans--caroteno os compostos majoritários, representando 49 e 23%, respectivamente. Para os compostos fenólicos, foram encontrados vinte compostos, dos quais, catorze foram identificados. As antocianinas foram os compostos majoritários nos cálices de hibisco, sendo que a delfinidina 3-sambubiosídeo e cianidina 3-sambubiosídeo representaram 41 e 13% do total de compostos fenólicos, respectivamente. Dentre os ácidos fenólicos, os componentes majoritários foram o ácido 3-cafeoilquínico e ácido 5-cafeoilquínico, representando 15 e 13% do total de compostos fenólicos, respectivamente. Para a extração aquosa acidificada, foi utilizado um planejamento experimental fatorial fracionado (24-1), com quatro fatores: concentração de enzima, temperatura, velocidade de agitação e tempo de extração. A partir da ANOVA, os efeitos principais e de interação foram avaliados, tendo como respostas Chroma, antocianinas monoméricas totais (TMA), capacidade redutora, ABTS e compostos fenólicos. A partir dos resultados, o melhor tratamento foi: 55 °C, 50 μL de enzima/1000 g extrato, 400 rpm e 4 horas de extração, obtendo-se nessa condição de extração 3,82 mg/g extrato em base seca para TMA e 17,59 mg/g de extrato em base seca para compostos fenólicos totais, que resultou em capacidade antioxidante de 7,72 μmol Eq. Trolox/g de extrato em base seca, avaliado por ABTS e de 3,96 mg GAE/g de de extrato em base seca, avaliado pela capacidade redutora. Este extrato foi empregado no estudo de encapsulamento, por atomização (140 ºC) e liofilização (-68 ºC por 24 horas), utilizando GA, GGPH e PD como encapsulantes. Observou-se que o melhor tratamento foi por liofilização empregando GA como encapsulante, resultando em 2,83 mg/g amostra em base seca para TMA, capacidade antioxidante de 2,98 mg GAE/g amostra em base seca e 5.67 μmol Eq. Trolox/g amostra em base seca, avaliados por capacidade redutora e ABTS, respectivamente. Entretanto, quando foram avaliadas as propriedades físicas e morfológicas dos pós, as amostras elaboradas por atomização e usando GA e GGPH apresentaram os melhores desempenhos, onde os valores de solubilidade, higroscopicidade e umidade foram de 95,8 e 95,2%, 31,3 e 28,9%, 1,9 e 2,4%, respectivamente. Para a temperatura de transição vítrea (Tg), os tratamentos que utilizaram GA e GGPH nos dois métodos de encapsulamento, tiveram os maiores valores de Tg, variando de 10,9 a 17,4 ºC. Já para os tratamentos que utilizaram a PD como material de parede, os valores foram de (0,7 °C), tanto na atomização como na liofilização. Na microscopia também foi observado um melhor desempenho nas micropartículas atomizadas usando GA e GGPH, as quais mostraram partículas mais esféricas e sem tendência de atração e aderência entre si. Em relação ao diâmetro médio de partícula (D[4, 3]), os tratamentos liofilizados tiveram partículas maiores que os atomizados, variando de 101,7 a 143,1 μm para os liofilizados, e de 5,4 a 7,3 μm para os atomizados. Quanto ao span, o qual avalia distribuição de tamanho de partícula, variou de 1,90 a 2,00 para as amostras atomizadas e de 3,06 a 3,19 para as amostras liofilizadas, indicando que houve uma boa uniformidade na distribuição de tamanho de partícula. Conclui-se que o hibisco é uma matriz com ampla composição de compostos bioativos e tem potencial para aplicação em alimentos.The interest in the extraction of bioactive compounds from natural sources, for use in the production of functional foods has increased, mainly due to the growing demand by consumers for healthier products and can bring health benefits. Among the natural sources of bioactive compounds, stands out the hibiscus (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), which is rich in anthocyanins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, carotenoids, among others. However, when the bioactive compounds are separated from their matrix, they become highly unstable against various environmental factors and need to be protected. The coating by microencapsulation is an alternative to slow the degradation of these compounds. This study aimed at the extraction, identification, quantification and microencapsulation by spray drying and freeze drying of bioactive compounds of hibiscus calyces. Firstly, a thorough exhaustive extraction of carotenoids and phenolic compounds by organic solvents was performed for identification and quantification of these compounds. The extraction of anthocyanins was also studied along with other phenolic compounds by an aqueous solvent acidified (2% citric acid, w/v). From the best treatment for extraction, the extract obtained was microencapsulated by spray drying and freeze drying using Arabic gum (GA), partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) and polydextrose (PD) as encapsulating agents in a concentration of 10%. Carotenoids and phenolic compounds were identified and quantified by HPLC-DAD-MS/MS (high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and mass spectrometry). Twenty-one carotenoids were found, of which fifteen were identified. The total carotenoids in hibiscus calyces was 641.38 ± 23.61 mg/100 g fresh weight, with the all-trans-lutein and all-trans-β-carotene the major compounds, representing 49 and 23%, respectively. Regarding the phenolic compounds it was found twenty of those, of which fourteen have been identified. Anthocyanins were the main components in the hibiscus calyces, and delphinidin and cyanidin 3-sambubioside 3-sambubioside represented 41 and 13% of total phenolic compounds, respectively. Among the phenolic acids, the major components were the 3-caffeoylquinic acid and 5-caffeoylquinic acid, representing 15 and 13% of total phenolic compounds, respectively. For acidified aqueous extraction, we used a fractional factorial design (24-1) with four factors: enzyme concentration, temperature, stirring speed and extraction time. From the ANOVA, the main and interaction effects were assessed as answers: Chroma, total anthocyanins monomeric (TMA), reducing capacity, ABTS and phenolic compounds. From the results, the best treatment was with 55 °C, 50 μL of enzyme/1000 g extract, 400 rpm and 4 hours of extraction, it was obtained in this extraction condition 3.82 mg/g extract on a dry basis for TMA and 17.59 mg/g extract on a dry basis for phenolic compounds, which resulted in antioxidant capacity of 7.72 μmol Eq. Trolox/g extract on a dry basis, evaluated by ABTS and 3.96 mg GAE/g extract on a dry basis, assessed by reducing capacity. This extract was used for the encapsulation study, by spray drying (140 °C) and freeze drying (-68 ° C for 24 hours) using GA, PHGG, and PD as encapsulants. It was observed that the best treatment is by freeze drying using GA as encapsulant, resulting in 2.83 mg/g sample on dry basis for TMA, antioxidant capacity of 2.98 mg GAE/g sample on dry basis and 5.67 μmol Eq. Trolox/g sample on dry basis, evaluated by reducing capacity and ABTS, respectively. However, when we evaluated the physical and morphological properties of powders, samples prepared by spray drying and using GA and PHGG showed the best performance, and the values for solubility, hygroscopicity and moisture were 95.8 and 95.2%, 31.3 and 28.9%, 1.9 and 2.4%, respectively. For the glass transition temperature (Tg), treatments with GA and PHGG on both encapsulation methods had high Tg values ranging from 10.9 to 17.4 °C. As for treatments of PD as wall material, the values were (0.7 °C), both the spray drying as in freeze drying. In microscopy was also observed improved performance in spray-dried microparticles using GA and PHGG, which showed more spherical particles and with no tendency to attract and adhere to each other. Regarding the average particle diameter (D [4, 3]), the freeze-dried treatments had higher spray-dried particles ranging from 101.7 to 143.1 μm for freeze-dried, and 5.4 to 7.3 μm for spray-dried. As the span, which assesses particle size distribution ranged from 1.90 to 2.00 for spray-dried samples and 3.06 to 3.19 for the freeze-dried samples, indicating that there was a good uniformity in the size in the distribution of the size of the particle. It follows that hibiscus is a matrix with broad composition and bioactive compounds have potential for application in foods.
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Bussalleu, Vargas Quintanilla Vanessa, Cabrera José Julián Estabridis, Villanueva Sandra Judith Levano, and Olcese Jose Alberto Osterling. "Hibiscus." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653373.
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El presente trabajo de investigación trata de la producción mediante servicio de maquila y la comercialización de tés de 45 gr. con la marca Hibiscus que es una mezcla de hojas deshidratadas de planta aromáticas, medicinales que mantienen sus nutrientes y propiedades funcionales, tales como: digestivo, relajante y antioxidante como una solución para mejorar la salud y bienestar del consumidor. Además, para simplificar el proceso de preparación del filtrado del té, la presentación del producto trae un infusor de té para taza.
En este sentido, para posicionar el producto en el consumidor, se buscará que la experiencia del consumidor relacione el producto con la salud en el segmento de varones y mujeres de 25 a 55 años de edad del nivel socioeconómico A y B que residen en Lima Moderna de Lima Metropolitana, con estilo de vida sofisticado y moderno, que cuidan su imagen personal y prefieren productos saludables que les facilite ahorro de tiempo en la preparación. Cabe indicar, el negocio Hibiscus tiene potencial crecimiento por la tendencia de la alimentación saludable, el crecimiento promedio de la venta anual es 4%.
Hibiscus Té será distribuido por el canal directo a través de módulo de venta en Jockey Plaza y Marketplace de Facebook y por el canal indirecto en tiendas saludables como son: Sanahoria, Flora y Fauna, Ecotienda, y plataformas webs: ecotienda.pe, limaorganica.pe y mercadillo.pe. también, se contará con delivery para la entrega del pedido en 24 horas.He following business research paper deals with the production process, marketing and sales of 45 gr. packed teas under the brand ‘Hibiscus’. The teas contain a mixture of dehydrated, aromatic, medicinal plant leafs that maintain their nutrients and functional properties, such as: digestive, relaxing and antioxidant. They serve as a solution to improve consumer health and well-being. In addition, to simplify the process of preparing the tea (filtering), the product presentation comes with a tea infuser. In this sense, to adequately position the product in the market, we must provide a great consumer experience, making our customers relate the product with good health. Our range of consumers belong to the segment of 25 to 55 year old men & women, of the socioeconomic levels A and B, who reside in the metropolitan, modern area of Lima. They have a sophisticated and modern lifestyle, take care of their personal image and prefer healthy products that facilitate saving time in preparation. It should be noted that the Hibiscus business has good potential growth due to the trend of healthy eating. The average growth of annual sales is projected at 4%. Hibiscus Tea will be distributed through a direct channel by the sales module in Jockey Plaza, via Facebook Marketplace, and through the indirect channel in a variety of healthy stores. These include: Sanahoria, Flora and Fauna, Ecotienda, and web platforms such as ecotienda.pe, limaorganica.pe and mercadillo.pe. Finally, there will be a delivery service for orders made during a 24 hours scale.
Trabajo de investigación
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Paul, Hélène. ""Hibiscus sabdariffa" L." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P111.
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Sindi, Hebah Abbas. "Bioactivity of anthocyanins from Hibiscus sabdariffa." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5910/.
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A systematic study on extraction of Hibiscus sabdariffa was carried out for the first time using different solvents (water, methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane) in the presence and absence of formic acid, using different extraction times and temperatures. The extracts were analysed for total phenol content, antioxidant capacity using DPPH, FRAP and TEAC assays, and total monomeric anthocyanin content. In addition, specific anthocyanins were determined using HPLC and LC-MS. The results showed the highest antioxidant capacities were obtained by extracting using water, with or without formic acid, for 10 min at 100 °C. These extracts provided the highest concentrations of cyanidin 3-sambubioside and delphinidin 3-sambubioside. Commercially available herbal teas containing H. sabdariffa were analysed. The study found that contents of total phenols, anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity were higher when using the optimal extraction procedure, suggesting that putative health benefits could be increased by altering processing methods. The partition coefficients (log p) of anthocyanins found in H. sabdariffa, were measured showed that aglycone and glucoside forms of hibiscus anthocyanins behave differently when in the presence of cell wall material. Such behaviour could, in vivo, affect the absorption and bioactivity of these anthocyanins, and therefore, their efficacy. A human crossover study investigated the effect of daily consumption for 8 weeks of a H. sabdariffa juice for 8 weeks on the blood pressure of healthy subjects (n= 29). Cranberry juice was used as the control. A significant reduction was found in systolic blood pressure (but not diastolic) compared to the baseline. No significant effect on blood pressure was seen with cranberry juice. The study suggests that regular consumption of extracts of H. sabdariffa may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, on the other hand people with low blood pressure should consumed it very carefully due to hypotensive effect of the extract.
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Borba, Juliana Becker. "O efeito da infusão das flores de Hibiscus pernambucensis Arruda sobre ratas gestantes e lactantes expostas ao campo eletromagnético de ultra-alta-frequência." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/21409.
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O Hibiscus pernambucensis Arruda (HpA) é uma planta da família Malvaceae, típica de clima tropical de ecossistemas de mangues. A infusão das flores do HpA apresenta propriedades antioxidantes, decorrentes da vitamina E, flavonóides, quercetina e taninos. Há estudos mostrando que os campos eletromagnéticos de ultra-alta-freqüência (CEMUAF) podem provocar danos à saúde. Estes danos acontecem por indução de estresse oxidativo às células. O presente estudo visa verificar o efeito antioxidante das flores de HpA sobre o fígado e o córtex cerebral de ratas expostas aos CEMUAF durante a gestação e a lactação. Foram utilizadas 24 ratas fêmeas Wistar de 3 meses de idade que foram divididas em 4 grupos: 6 ratas controles (RC), 6 ratas expostas (RE), 6 ratas controles (RCH) e 6 ratas expostas (REH) que tomaram a infusão das flores de HpA. Foi administrada diariamente 1,5ml da infusão, em uma concentração de 5%, 30 min antes da exposição, durante 42 dias. As REH foram irradiadas 30 min por dia, por toda gestação e lactação, em uma freqüência de 950MHz, 1W de potência, campo elétrico médio de 35 V/m e antena de polarização vertical. A taxa de absorção específica do grupo exposto variou de 0,64 a 0,44W/kg no cérebro e de 0,99 a 0,67W/kg no fígado, estes valores foram calculados para ratas variando de 90 a 132 dias de idade. Após este tempo, as ratas foram decapitadas, o fígado e córtex cerebral foram retirados e imersos no nitrogênio líquido para posterior análise. Os resultados mostraram que a exposição ao CEMUAF e a infusão de HpA causaram um aumento significativo do dano oxidativo em lipídios e DNA no córtex cerebral esquerdo (CCE) (p<0,05). Nossos resultados indicam que o CEMUAF de 950MHz e a infusão de HpA provocam estresse oxidativo e é genotóxico ao CCE de RE e RCH. Quando combinado CEMUAF e a infusão, houve diminuição dos danos em DNA no REH. Nas análises quantitativas de conteúdo de polifenol total e flavonóides, observou-se que a infusão de HpA contém uma grande quantidade de polifenóis totais mas uma pequena de flavonóides (quando comparado ao H.sabdariffa) o que não foram capazes de diminuir os danos oxidativos nos animais.The Hibiscus pernambucensis Arruda (HpA) is a plant of the Malvaceae family, typical of tropical mangrove ecosystems. The infusion of the flowers of the HpA has antioxidant properties, resulting from vitamin E, flavonoids, quercetin and tannins. There are studies showing that electromagnetic fields of ultra-high frequency (UHF-EMF) can cause damage to health. These damages occur by induction of oxidative stress to cells. This study aims to determine the antioxidant effect of the flowers of HpA on the liver and cerebral cortex of rats exposed to UHF-EMF during pregnancy and lactation. Twenty-four female Wistar rats of average age three months were distributed into four groups: 6 control rats (CR), 6 exposed rats (ER), 6 control rats (HCR) and 6 exposed rats (HER). The animal recived on daily basis an amount of 1,5 ml of the infusion of flowers HpA, at a concentration of 5%, 30min before exposure, for 42 days. The ER were irradiated 30 minutes per day throughout pregnancy and lactation, at a frequency of 950MHz, 1W of power, the average electric field of 35V/m and antenna for vertical polarization. The specific absorption rate of the exposed group ranged from 0.64 to 0.44W/kg in the brain and from 0.99 to 0.67W/kg in the liver. These values were calculated for rats ranging from 90 to 132 days of age. After this time, the rats were decapitated, the liver and cerebral cortex were removed and immersed in liquid nitrogen for later analysis. The results are presented as mean ± SEM. The values were assessed by post-ANOVA SNK (two tails), with the significant results p<0,05 for n=6. The results showed that exposure to UHF-EMF and the infusion of HpA caused a significant increase in oxidative damage in lipids and DNA in the left cerebral cortex (LCC) (p <0,05). The results indicate that UHF-EMF of 950MHz and the infusion of HpA cause oxidative stress and is genotoxic to LCC ER and HCR. When combined UHFEMF and infusion decreased DNA damage in the HER. Quantitative analysis of total polyphenol content and flavonoids showed that the infusion of HpA contains a large amount of total polyphenols but little of flavonoids (compared to H.sabdariffa) which have not been able to reduce oxidative damage in animals.
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Peters, Audrey D. "Fatherhood and Fatherland in Chimamanda Adichie's "Purple Hibiscus"." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1769.
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Purple Hibiscus, a novel by third-generation Nigerian author Chimamanda Adichie, appears at first glance to be a simple work of adolescent fiction, a bildungsroman in which a pair of siblings navigate the typical challenges of incipient adulthood: social ostracism, an abusive parent, emerging desire. However, the novel's setting-a revolutionary-era Nigeria-is clearly intended to evoke post-Biafra Nigeria, itself the setting of Adichie's other major work, Half of a Yellow Sun. This setting takes Purple Hibiscus beyond the scope of most modern adolescent fiction, creating a complex allegory in which the emergence of self and struggle for identity of the Achike siblings represent Nigeria's own struggle for identity. Adichie achieves this allegory by allowing the father figures of the novel to represent the different political paths Nigeria could have followed in its post-colonial period. The Achike siblings' identities develop through interactions with each of these patriarchs.
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Sinela, André Mundombe. "Etude des mécanismes réactionnels et des cinétiques de dégradation des anthocyanes dans un extrait d’Hibiscus sabdariffa L." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NSAM0036/document.
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Les calices séchés d’Hibiscus sabdariffa L. sont traditionnellement utilisés en Afrique pour la production de boissons par macération dans l’eau. Cette matière première, riche en anthocyanes, est aussi connue dans l’industrie agro-alimentaire comme source de colorants naturels. Toutefois, la couleur des extraits obtenus évoluent rapidement au cours du temps ce qui nuit au développement de ces produits. Afin de mieux caractériser et de mieux comprendre l’instabilité de la couleur, ce travail propose une étude cinétique et mécanistique de la dégradation des anthocyanes durant la conservation d’un extrait d’H. sabdariffa. La caractérisation biochimique de l’extrait a notamment permis d’identifier les polyphénols majoritaires (delphinidine 3-O-sambubioside Del-3Sb, cyanidine 3-O-sambubioside Cya-3Sb, acides caféoylquiniques) et à mis en évidence la présence de métaux connus comme potentiels catalyseurs d’oxydation (Fe, Cu, Mn). Les cinétiques de dégradation des anthocyanes dans l’extrait ont été suivies par CLHP-DAD entre 4 et 37°C pendant 60 j. Elles peuvent être représentées par un modèle d’ordre 1. La Del-3Sb (Ea= 90 kJ.mol-1) est plus sensible à l’augmentation de la température que la Cya-3Sb (Ea= 80 kJ.mol-1). L’influence de différents facteurs sur la dégradation des anthocyanes a été étudiée dans des solutions modèles simplifiées. La constante de vitesse de dégradation de la Del-3Sb en solution modèle contenant du Fe (III), Cu (II) et Mn (II) à des concentrations similaires à celles de l’extrait, est proche de celle mesurée dans l’extrait. Celle de la Cya-3Sb est 40 % plus faible que dans l’extrait. L’augmentation de la concentration en Fe de 1 à 13 mg.L-1 multiplie environ 3 fois les vitesses de dégradation des anthocyanes. L’ajout d’acide chlorogénique à une solution modèle contenant du Fe augmente la vitesse de dégradation de la Cya-3Sb de 42 %. Un effet inverse est observé dans le cas de Del-3Sb (diminution de 47%). La teneur en oxygène dissous n’a pas d’influence sur les vitesses de dégradation. Deux mécanismes de dégradation des anthocyanes ont été mis en évidence : le mécanisme de scission, représentant une voie minoritaire (10% des anthocyanes dégradés) avec production de phloroglucinaldéhyde, d’acide gallique (issu de Del-3Sb) et protocatéchique (issu de Cya-3Sb) et un mécanisme de condensation avec formation de polymères bruns qui est favorisé par l’augmentation de la concentration en Fe et le mélange Fe, Cu et Mn. Les conclusions de l’ensemble du travail aboutissent à des perspectives sur l’étude de l’impact d’autres composés présents dans l’extrait (sucres, acides aminés) ainsi qui l’identification et la quantification des polymères brunsDried calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. are traditionally used in Africa for beverage production by maceration in water. This raw material, rich in anthocyanins, is also known in the food industry as a source of natural dyes. However, the color of extracts obtained quickly changes over time which affects the development of these products. To better characterize and understand the instability of color, this work provides a mechanistic and kinetic study of the degradation of anthocyanins during the conservation of an extract from H. sabdariffa. Biochemical characterization of the extract allowed to identify predominant polyphenols (delphinidin 3-O-sambubioside Del-3Sb, cyanidin 3-O-sambubioside Cya-3Sb and caffeoylquinic acids) and highlighted the presence of metals known as potential oxidation catalysts (Fe, Cu, Mn). Kinetics of degradation of anthocyanins in the extract were followed by HPLC-DAD between 4 and 37 ° C for 60 days. It can be represented by a first order model. Del-3Sb (Ea = 90 kJ mol-1) is more sensitive to temperature increase than Cya-3Sb (Ea = 80 kJ.mol-1). Influence of different factors on the degradation of anthocyanins was studied in simplified model media. Rate constant of degradation (k) of Del-3Sb on model media containing Fe (III), Cu (II) and Mn (II) at similar concentrations to those of the extract was similar to that measured in the extract. For Cya-3Sb it was 40% lower than in the extract. Increasing Fe concentration of 1 to 13 mg.L 1 increased by about 3-fold the k of anthocyanins. Adding chlorogenic acid in a model media containing Fe increased k of Cya-3Sb 42%. Opposite effect was observed for Del-3Sb (47% decrease). Dissolved oxygen content has no influence on k of anthocyanins. Two mechanisms of degradation of anthocyanins have been identified: the scission mechanism, representing a minority pathway (10% of degraded anthocyanins) with production of phloroglucinaldehyde, gallic acid (from Del-3Sb) and protocatechuic (from Cya -3Sb). The other mechanism is condensation with formation of brown polymers, it is promoted by increasing of concentration of Fe was and mixture of Fe, Cu and Mn. Conclusions led to perspectives on study of impact of other compound in the extract (sugar, amino-acids) as well as identification and quantification of brown polymers
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Tuomaala, Seidi. "Behaviorism versus Intercultural Education in the Novel Purple Hibiscus : A Literature Study of Education in Purple Hibiscus from a Swedish EFL Perspective." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och lärande, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-19099.
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The aim of this essay is to analyze two different educational paradigms, which I refer to broadly as the behavioristic way of learning through imitation versus intercultural education, as these are depicted in the novel Purple Hibiscus by the Nigerian writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. The analysis focuses on how the narrator Kambili´s learning, identity and personal development are differently affected by these two contrastive approaches to education. After the analysis, examples of how the novel can be taught in intercultural, communicative EFL classrooms will be given. In the analysis theories of mimicry and imitation, and identity will be used as well as understandings of the terms intercultural education and behaviorism. The analysis shows that Kambili´s father Eugene represents behaviorism in the novel, whereas Kambili´s aunt Ifeoma symbolizes intercultural education. At home, Kambili learns to imitate her father´s behavior and values. In Ifeoma´s house on the other hand she encounters a kind of intercultural education, where critical thinking and questioning are encouraged. The thematization of contrastive educational and developmental paradigms in the novel is relevant to the comprehensive goals of Swedish upper secondary schools, which promote intercultural learning, as well as critical thinking and reflection on learning processes. Reading literature in the EFL classroom at this level may promote these broad educational objectives as well as the achievement of more specific, language- and culture-based learning outcomes. For many Swedish EFL students, Purple Hibiscus may represent difference, and therefore it is a suitable novel to include in intercultural education, as the students are encouraged tounderstand and reflect on different perspectives. By discussing the novel in groups, the education becomes intercultural because everyone becomes active participants and everyone´s voices are heard.
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Fuentefria, Alexandre Meneghello. "Identificação e avaliação do potencial biotecnológico de leveduras e fungos semelhantes a leveduras isolados de filoplano do Hibiscus rosa-sinensis." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/3879.
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O filoplano do Hibiscus rosa-sinensis abriga uma enorme biodiversidade de leveduras e fungos semelhantes a leveduras cujo potencial biotecnológico ainda é desconhecido. Foram isoladas 84 cepas de leveduras de filoplano desta planta, sendo identificadas pela metodologia clássica. Do total de isolados 37% são de afinidade ascomicética, 36% de afinidade basidiomicética e 27% de fungos semelhantes a leveduras.
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Melecchi, Maria Ines Soares. "Caracterização química de extratos de Hibiscus tiliaceus : estudo comparativo de métodos de extração." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/6036.
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O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a composição química das flores de Hibiscus tiliaceus L usando diferentes técnicas de extração. Os métodos de extração usados foram maceração, Soxhlet, ultra-som, extração com fluido supercrítico e extração com líquido pressurizado. Foram investigadas as variáveis que podem influenciar no processo de extração tais como temperatura, pressão, polaridade do solvente, tempo de extração e massa de amostra, entre outras. A identificação dos compostos foi realizada por cromatografia gasosa acoplada com detector de espectrometria de massas. Os métodos de extração utilizados mostraram-se eficientes para a obtenção dos extratos, com algumas diferenças qualitativas. Quantitativamente, os compostos majoritários, em todas as técnicas de extração usadas, foram ácidos carboxílicos (C16 e C18), hidrocarbonetos com número ímpar de carbonos (C27, C29 e C31) e fitosteróis. Entre os métodos de extração que utilizam solventes orgânicos, a extração com líquido pressurizado apresentou maior rendimento em massa de extrato e maior concentração de alguns dos compostos presentes nas flores de Hibiscus tiliaceus L., com as vantagens de redução de solventes e do tempo de extração. A variável que se mostrou mais importante nos procedimentos de extração foi a polaridade do solvente. A composição química das flores Hibiscus tiliaceus L apresentou além dos compostos citados, álcoois, aldeídos e vitamina E. A determinação do potencial antioxidante da planta, utilizando o método por quimiluminescência, permitiu encontrar valores para TAR e TRAP superiores ao trolox, utilizado como padrão, indicando a presença de antioxidantes nos extratos.
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Menezes, J?nior Jos? Brand?o de. "Desenvolvimento de gel?ia e doce de corte a partir do processamento das folhas de vinagreira (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.)." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1512.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Vegetable of African origin, the hibiscus (Hibiscus sabdariffa. L) is fully adapted to the climatic conditions of the state of Maranh?o its leaves are the basis for many dishes Maranh?o. The vinegar has high nutritional value, low cost, easy to grow especially for lowincome families who produce and consume a product containing functional nutrients such as minerals and vitamins, like iron and vitamin C and thus acquiring great socioeconomic importance, however in its marketing there is a significant loss, which is linked primarily to biological factors that indicate numbers to producers marketing a fresh hibiscus anthocyanins, total phenolics, sugars, non-reducing sugars, fiber, minerals and calories , microbiological analyzes evaluated the products and they were hygienic and sanitary conditions. Sensory analysis showed an average of more than seven in a nine-point hedonic scale, which represents the impression "liked moderately", indicating that the flavor of the vegetable vinegar was well received by consumers. The percentage of panelists who demonstrated purchase intent for jelly and sweet vinegar cut was fairly representative, showing the ability to market products based on vinegar, increasing the shelf life and value of vegetables
Hortali?a de origem africana, a vinagreira (Hibiscus sabdariffa. L) est? plenamente adaptada as condi??es edafoclim?ticas do estado do Maranh?o suas folhas servem de base para v?rios pratos da culin?ria maranhense. A vinagreira possui alto valor nutritivo, baixo custo, f?cil cultivo principalmente para as fam?lias de baixa renda que produzem e consomem um produto que contem nutrientes funcionais como minerais e vitaminas, a exemplo do ferro e vitamina C e assim, adquirindo grande import?ncia socioecon?mica, entretanto, na sua comercializa??o existe uma perda significativa, a qual esta ligada principalmente a fator biol?gico que indicam n?meros preocupantes para os produtores que comercializam a vinagreira in natura antocianinas, compostos fen?licos totais,a??cares redutores,a??cares n?o redutores,fibras,minerais e valor cal?rico,as an?lises microbiol?gicas avaliaram os produtos e estes apresentaram condi??es higi?nicos sanit?rias satisfat?rias.A analise sensorial apresentou m?dias superiores a sete em uma escala hed?nica de nove pontos,que representa a impress?o ?gostei moderadamente? indicando que o sabor caracter?stico da hortali?a vinagreira foi bem recebido pelos consumidores. O percentual de provadores que demonstrou inten??o de compra para geleia e doce de corte de vinagreira foi bastante representativo, evidenciando a possibilidade de introduzir no mercado produtos a base de vinagreira, aumentando a vida de prateleira e o valor agregado da hortali?a
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Omoarukhe, Esereosa D. "Natural processing for beverages : from a Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle) beverage perspective." Thesis, University of Reading, 2017. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/78761/.
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The beverage industry is tending towards the production of healthier, low calorie beverages containing only naturally derived ingredients. The use of these ingredients presents an opportunity for a rise in functional beverages but could also present beverage quality challenges. Using Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle) extracts, known for its functional properties, this research investigates some quality considerations that may result due to relevant changes to the production, storage and consumption of the beverage to suit clean label considerations. These issues relate to processing, calories reduction and stability. Several research questions have been generated under these categories and addressed in subsequent chapters of the thesis. From a Roselle beverage perspective, pasteurisation (in-bottle, 85oC for 20 minutes) and cold storage (below 4oC) were satisfactory for processing of the beverage. Stevia Rebaudioside A (SRA) was explored as a sugar replacer and displayed promising results such as improving the sensory attributes of the unsweetened Roselle extract. In physical and chemical tests, it matched the attributes of unsweetened beverages. However, it did not perform as well as sugar in either consumer studies and when combined with spice flavours. The spices (cinnamon, ginger and cloves) used for their flavouring and preserving properties did not improve consumer liking of the beverages in general but cinnamon demonstrated stabilising effects on the anthocyanins in a sugar sweetened Roselle beverage through a suspected co-pigmentation mechanism. Furthermore, cinnamon and ginger were deemed congruent with the Roselle flavour profile based on their performance in the consumer study. Further investigative work on spice and sweetener synergies and the understanding of their mechanisms were recommended.
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Oliva, Késsien Regina Sander. "Avaliação da atividade anti-inflamatória intestinal da dieta enriquecida com Hibiscus esculentus L. no modelo de inflamação intestinal induzida por TNBS em ratos." Botucatu, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153476.
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Orientador: Luiz Claudio Di StasiResumo: A Doença Inflamatória Intestinal engloba duas principais doenças sendo elas a Doença de Crohn e a Retocolite Ulcerativa onde ambas se caracterizam por uma inflamação crônica do intestino, com períodos de exacerbação seguidos de intervalos prologados com remissão dos sintomas. Sua etiologia é considerada multifatorial e ainda pouco elucidada. Considerando-se que não existe cura, que os fármacos utilizados são de alto custo, além de apresentarem sérios efeitos colaterais e ainda muitos pacientes não responderem a esses tratamentos disponíveis, a busca por estratégias complementares de prevenção e tratamento dessa doença que combinem eficácia e segurança, como o uso de alimentos funcionais, compostos antioxidantes e compostos bioativos se apresentam como uma perspectiva promissora. Com base nisso, a espécie vegetal Hibiscus esculentus L. conhecida popularmente como quiabo, foi selecionada para o presente estudo com o objetivo de avaliar a atividade anti-inflamatória intestinal das dietas enriquecidas com o fruto no modelo experimental da inflamação intestinal induzida por ácido trinitrobenzenosulfônico em ratos. Para tanto, a farinha dos frutos foi incorporada na dieta de ratos Wistar machos nas concentrações de 5% e de 10% por 28 dias antes e 7 dias após a indução do processo inflamatório intestinal. Os animais foram mortos no 35º dia e seus cólons foram extraídos. Para a caracterização da atividade anti-inflamatória intestinal foram analisados parâmetros macroscópicos (escore,... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Inflammatory Bowel Disease comprises two major diseases, Crohn´s disease and ulcerative colitis where both are characterized by chronic inflammation of the intestine, with periods of exacerbation followed by prolonged intervals with remission of symptoms. This disease is multifactorial with complex and not fully elucidated etiology. Considering that there is no cure and the drugs may cause serious side effects, and many patients do not respond to the available treatments, researches focused on the development of new treatment strategies are important. The pursuit of complementary strategy of prevention and treatment of disease that combine effectiveness and safety, such as the use of functional foods, antioxidant compounds and bioactive compounds if known as a promising perspective. Based on this, a vegetable species Hibiscus esculentus L., populary known as okra, was selected for this study with the objective to evaluate the activity of enriched diet in the experimental model of intestinal inflammation induced by trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid in rats. For this, a fruit flour was incorporated in the diet of male Wistar rats in concentrations of 5% and 10% for 28 days before and 7 days after of induction of intestinal inflammation by TNBS. The animals were killed on the 35th day and their colons were removed. For the characterization of the intestinal antiinflammatory activity, were performed macroscopic studies (score, lesion length, weight ratio length of the colon, occurrenc... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Tallamini, Stéfano Caon. "Avaliação de bactérias psicrotróficas presentes em presunto cozido fatiado e a influência de fatores ambientais na manutenção da qualidade microbiológica e inocuidade do alimento." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/153373.
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Este estudo objetivou analisar o potencial de deterioração da microbiota psicrotrófica presente em presunto cozido fatiado comercializado entre Maio e Junho de 2015 e Fevereiro e Março de 2016 no mercado público da cidade de Porto Alegre/RS e avaliar a influência de fatores ambientais na qualidade microbiológica do mesmo. Os presuntos foram coletados em 4 bancas desse local e foram realizadas contagens de bactérias psicrotróficas de 8 amostras e pesquisa de Listeria monocytogenes. Selecionaram-se 134 colônias de psicrotróficos isolados de presunto fatiado, 71 deles apresentaram atividade proteolítica, 58 atividade lipolítica e 12 apresentaram produção de exopolissacarídeo. Selecionaram-se 2 bactérias com a presença dessas atividades para identificação molecular, as quais foram identificadas como Kluyvera sp. e Carnobacterium sp. Além delas, mais 2 Listeria monocytogenes isoladas nesse trabalho foram submetidas ao teste de produção de biofilme, resultando como fracas formadoras e também ao teste de aderência em aço inoxidável, todas apresentando capacidade de adesão. A pesquisa de Listeria monocytogenes nos presuntos fatiados mostrou 100% de presença, sendo que 50% foram identificadas como L. monocytogenes, as quais pertenceram aos sorotipos 1/2a (1), 1/2b (2), 1/2c (2). Realizou-se análise de presunto cozido inteiro, em sua embalagem original, sendo que não foram encontrados micro-organismos Tratou-se o presunto fatiado com extrato de hibisco a 40% e pediocina a 0,5% e 1,0% e realizou-se contagem de mesófilos, psicrotróficos, Listeria spp., S. aureus e E.coli. O extrato de hibisco reduziu a carga desses micro-organismos. Pediocina 0,5% e 1% apresentaram pouca ação frente ao controle de mesófilos, psicrotróficos e E. coli, mas mantiveram a carga de S. aureus controlada e foram eficazes contra Listeria spp. Foram realizadas também contagens para Listeria monocytogenes, E. coli, S. aureus, mesófilos e psicrotróficos em suabes oriundos de fatiador de alimentos, superfície de contato e utensílio utilizados nas bancas do mercado público. Em conclusão grande parte dos psicrotróficos apresentou atividade proteolítica e lipolítica, as quais alteram organolepticamente o alimento. Alguns apresentaram produção de biofilme e capacidade de aderência, fato indesejado, pois sua remoção é mais difícil no ambiente industrial, com isso nota-se que a legislação brasileira apresenta carência na contagem de psicrotróficos em produtos cárneos.This study aimed to evaluate the microbiota present in sliced cooked ham sold in the public market in Porto Alegre/RS and evaluate the ability of compounds with antimicrobial activity of hibiscus extract and pediocin to control the microbiota found. Ham collected was stored refrigerated until to arrive the laboratory for analysis. Psychrotrophic bacteria counts were performed. Were selected 134 colonies of psychrotrophic microorganisms isolated for sliced ham and 71 of them showed proteolytic activity, 58 lipase activity, 12 showed production of exopolysaccharide. Two of these bacteria were selected for molecular identification which were identified as Kluyvera sp. and Carnobacterium sp. These two bacteria plus two Listeria monocytogenes isolated for sliced ham were subjected to testing of biofilm production (resulting as weak forming of biofilm) and were tested for adhesion in stainless steel and all showed this property. The research of Listeria spp. in sliced cooked ham showed 100% of presence, which 50% were identified as L. monocytogenes to serotypes 1/2a (1) 1/2b (2), 1/2c (2). Analysis was carried out of a whole piece of cooked ham in its original packaging and none microorganisms were found. The sliced ham was treated with hibiscus extract of 40% and pediocin of 0.5% and 1.0% and has been mesophilic, psychrotrophic, Listeria spp., S. aureus and E. coli counts The hibiscus extract reduced the quantity of these microorganisms. Pediocin 0.5% and 1,0% had little action against the control of mesophilic, psychrotrophic and E. coli, but in S. aureus counts were controlled bacteria charge and were effective against Listeria spp.. Also counts of Listeria monocytogenes, E. coli, S. aureus, mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria were performed from swabs of slicer food, contact surface and food tool (knife or spatula) used in public market stalls. In conclusion, most of the psychrotrophs presented proteolytic and lipolytic activity, which alter organoleptically the food. Some of them have presented biofilm production and adhesion capacity, undesirable fact because when the biofilm is formed is more difficult to remove it in the industrial environment. With this it is showed that the brazilian legislation presents a lack in the research of psychrotrophs in meat products kept refrigerated.
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George, Laurie J. "Efficiencies of Mass Encapsulation in Alginate of Vegetative Explants." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1105.
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‘Lord Baltimore’ hardy hibiscus (Hibiscus moscheutos L.) was used in the mass encapsulation protocol, rinsing effects on bulk encapsulation, growth comparisons using K-NAA, acclimatization to greenhouse environment, and leaf anatomy comparisons. Nodal segments, each containing a single axillary bud, were harvested and cut to 4mm prior to mass encapsulation. Results showed that using 2.75% alginate with a concentration of 60 or 80 mM calcium chloride produced an alginate mass, or “cookie”, which was able to hold together during rinsing protocols. The rinsing study resulted with the potential to reduce rinse times from 2 three-minute rinses to 1 one-minute rinse. After 4 weeks under mist, ~58% of root growth was generated when using 1 one-minute rinse. After 8 weeks under mist, the greatest percentage of shoot and root growth occurred when using 1 one-minute rinse. The use of K-NAA in the gel matrix, after four weeks, resulted in no discernable differences. Concentrations of 0 or 0.1 µM will generate a greater percentage of shoot and root growth. Using 1.0 µM K-NAA, and extending the time under mist to 8 weeks, will result in a greater percentage of shoots and roots generated. Acclimatization study investigated the survival rates on mass encapsulated nodal segments, looking at different media, depth of planting and humidity. Increases in shoot lengths can be expected up to 8 weeks under mist and planted either on top or 1 cm deep. A reduction in root growth was seen when placed on top of the medium after 4 weeks. The anatomical study found differences in the leaf cell lengths based on the stage of leaf development. However, there was no indication of a gradual change in anatomy as they adapted from in vitro to greenhouse environment. The best results were found when comparing epidermal, palisade and spongy mesophyll cells on the fourth fully expanded leaf under mist. Hydrangea quercifolia ‘Snow Queen’ was used to test the effects of tissue culture media and plant growth regulators. Research found that using dichloroisocyanuric acid (NaDCC) resulted in a decrease of contamination on explants without a reduction in the number of shoots produced. This would reduce the amount of time and labor on the encapsulation procedure, as no rinsing is required. The best result, looking a nutrient formulation, was found to be WPM with 1 µM BA added.
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Osborn, Heather. "THE INTERACTION OF HERBIVORY AND POLLINATION." OpenSIUC, 2019. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1705.
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The interaction of herbivory and pollination is not well understood. Both topics on their own have been studied thoroughly, yet their interaction has not. Until the 1990s, few studies attempted to explore how herbivory might affect pollination, and vice versa.
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Larsson, Charlotte. "Surveillance and Rebellion : A Foucauldian Reading of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Purple Hibiscus." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för humaniora (HUM), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-23323.
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In Purple Hibiscus, Adichie describes what happens in a family when one person, Papa Eugene, takes control and completely subjugates other family members to his wishes and demands. The author shows the dire consequences his actions have on his family but also how those actions ultimately lead to his own destruction. This essay links the restrictions and abuse suffered by Kambili and her family to Michel Foucault’s theories on torture and surveillance as detailed in Discipline and Punish. Foucault’s theories are linked to Jeremy Bentham’s Panopticon in order to further introduce the concept of surveillance. The essay describes the physical and psychological abuse suffered by the family and also details the surveillance and torture techniques used by Papa Eugene to stay in control. Moreover, it argues that power can be lost through applying too much control and by metering out punishment that is too harsh and it shows how such actions ultimately lead to rebellion.
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Opuwari, Chinyerum. "Effect of basella alba and hibiscus macranthus on tm4 sertoli cell functions." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3021_1380808051.
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Basella alba (BA) and Hibiscus macranthus (HM) are used by traditional healers in Cameroon to treat male sexual fertility problems. Previous studies showed that in vivo administration of the leaf extracts of both plants caused a significant increase in rat seminal vesicle weight and spermatozoa numbers was accompanied by a significant increase in serum testosterone. The aim of this study was to establish the effects of BA and HM extracts on Sertoli cell functions. TM4 cell line was used in this study as it exhibited properties similar to the Sertoli cells (Mather, 1982). Sertoli cell play a key role in spermatogenesis by regulating and supporting germ cell development. Therefore, any alterations in Sertoli cell physiology or structure may lead to impaired spermatogenesis, germ cell loss and male infertility. Developing germ cells in the seminiferous tubule require a constant supply of lactate and pyruvate (Jutte et al, 1981
1982) and toxicant induced alterations in these nutrients have been shown to induce germ cell necrosis (Monsees et al., 2000). TM4 Sertoli cells were cultured in DMEM/Ham F-12 (M) for one day and exposed to
0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 &mu
g/ml of BA and HM extracts, respectively, for four further days. The extracts were dissolved in 0.5 % DMSO in M, while 0.5 % and 2% DMSO in M were used as negative or positive controls, respectively, and 100mM ethanol as positive control where indicated. Results obtained from the Sertoli cells exposed to BA extracts, showed that the plant extract had no significant effect on the cell viability but induced a significant concentration-dependent increase in lactate (19-67%) and pyruvate levels (39-102%) and a concentration-dependent decrease in the protein content (9-42%). The H&
E histological study confirmed that the BA extract had no cytotoxic effect, as there were no changes in the morphology of the cell. Likewise, apoptotic study using DAPI showed no alteration in the nucleus when compared to the negative control. The HM plant extract significantly enhanced mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity (7fold) in the Sertoli cells but caused only slight alterations in the lactate and pyruvate levels. There was no effect seen in the protein content of the Sertoli cells. H&
E and DAPI staining revealed that there were neither changes in the morphology of the cells nor any alteration regarding the mitotic and apoptotic indices. Thus, the HM extract did not have a cytotoxic effect on the cells. This study demonstrated that the Basella alba methanol extract may enhance spermatogenesis as it stimulated the source of energy required for the development of germ cells without exerting a cytotoxic effect. The Hibiscus macranthus extract stimulated mitochondrial dehydrogenase activities and may thus trigger changes in Sertoli cell physiology. In summary, both plant extracts enhanced certain Sertoli cell
functions and thus might explain the positive in vivo effects of the combined plant extracts on rat spermatogenesis observed by Moundipa et al. (1999).
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Matsinhe, Marisa Aida Diogo [UNESP]. "Contribuições agronômicas ao cultivo da vinagreira roxa (Hibiscus acetosella Welw. Ex Hiern)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151068.
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Outra
A espécie Hibiscus acetocella Welw. Ex Hiern popularmente conhecida por vinagreira roxa é um arbusto de caule semi-lenhoso pertencente à família das malváceas. Usada tradicionalmente como alimentícia e medicinal sendo as partes usadas, folhas, flores e seus cálices jovens, possui propriedades antioxidantes, antifúngicas, antibacterianas e entre outras. Existem poucos estudos realizados ou quase nenhum disponível sobre estudos agronômicos nesta espécie. Assim, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o comportamento fitotécnico da vinagreira roxa no que se refere à fenologia, desenvolvimento vegetativo e melhor época de colheita de frutos, adubação orgânica, bem o teor de compostos fenólicos totais e atividade antioxidante. O estudo foi conduzido no Departamento de Horticultura, da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio De Mesquita Filho, localizada no município de Botucatu, estado de São Paulo. Em casa de sombra foram conduzidos dois experimentos, sendo dois nos períodos de janeiro a Julho (adubação e época de colheita). O experimento de análise fitoquímica foi realizado no laboratório de plantas medicinais e em campo foi conduzido o experimento de fenologia com recurso a 36 indivíduos dos quais usouse 30 . Foi verificada uma alta sincronia da planta em relação as fenofases e pouca correlação com os fatores climáticos. A época com maior número de frutos não coincidiu com frutos de maior peso. O estudo de adubação demostrou que a vinagreira roxa responde positivamente a adubação orgânica. Observou-se que a dose testemunha proporcionou maior quantidade de compostos fenólicos totais e maior atividade antioxidante para folhas e fruto. As flores e folhas de H. acetosella mostraram ter maior quantidade de compostos fenólicos totais e maior atividade antioxidante em relação aos frutos. A pranta de H.acetosella mostrou ser uma boa fonte natural de antioxidante.
The Hibiscus acetocella Welw. Ex Hiern species popularly known as purple vinegar is a semi-woody shrub belonging to the malvaceous family. Traditionally used as food and medicine being the used parts, leaves, flowers and their young calyces, it has antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial and other properties. There are few or almost none studies available on agronomic studies in this species. The objective of this work was to evaluate the phytotechnical behavior of the purple vinegar with regard to phenology, vegetative development and better fruit harvesting season, organic fertilization, as well as total phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity. The study was conducted at the Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, State University Paulista Júlio De Mesquita Filho, located in the city of Botucatu, state of São Paulo. In the shade house, two experiments were conducted, two in the periods from January to July (fertilization and harvesting season). The experiment of phytochemical analysis was carried out in the laboratory of medicinal plants and in the field was conducted the experiment of phenology with recourse to 36 individuals of whom 30 were used. It was verified a high synchrony of the plant in relation to the phenophases and little correlation with the climatic factors. The time with the greatest number of fruits did not coincide with fruits of greater weight. The fertilizer study showed that the purple vinegar respond positively to organic fertilization. It was observed that the control dose provided higher amount of total phenolic compounds and greater antioxidant activity for leaves and fruit. The flowers and leaves of H. acetosella showed to have greater amount of total phenolic compounds and greater antioxidant activity in relation to the fruits. The H.acetosella pranta proved to be a good natural source of antioxidant.
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Matsinhe, Marisa Aida Diogo 1983. "Contribuições agronômicas ao cultivo da vinagreira roxa (Hibiscus acetosella Welw. Ex Hiern) /." Botucatu, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151068.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Filipe Pereira Giardini BonfimBanca: Maria Isabel Ferreira
Banca: Gabriela Granghelli Gonçalves
Resumo: A espécie Hibiscus acetocella Welw. Ex Hiern popularmente conhecida por vinagreira roxa é um arbusto de caule semi-lenhoso pertencente à família das malváceas. Usada tradicionalmente como alimentícia e medicinal sendo as partes usadas, folhas, flores e seus cálices jovens, possui propriedades antioxidantes, antifúngicas, antibacterianas e entre outras. Existem poucos estudos realizados ou quase nenhum disponível sobre estudos agronômicos nesta espécie. Assim, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o comportamento fitotécnico da vinagreira roxa no que se refere à fenologia, desenvolvimento vegetativo e melhor época de colheita de frutos, adubação orgânica, bem o teor de compostos fenólicos totais e atividade antioxidante. O estudo foi conduzido no Departamento de Horticultura, da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio De Mesquita Filho, localizada no município de Botucatu, estado de São Paulo. Em casa de sombra foram conduzidos dois experimentos, sendo dois nos períodos de janeiro a Julho (adubação e época de colheita). O experimento de análise fitoquímica foi realizado no laboratório de plantas medicinais e em campo foi conduzido o experimento de fenologia com recurso a 36 indivíduos dos quais usouse 30 . Foi verificada uma alta sincronia da planta em relação as fenofases e pouca correlação com os fatores climáticos. A época com maior número de frutos não coincidiu com frutos de maior peso. O estudo de adubação demostrou que a vinagreir... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The Hibiscus acetocella Welw. Ex Hiern species popularly known as purple vinegar is a semi-woody shrub belonging to the malvaceous family. Traditionally used as food and medicine being the used parts, leaves, flowers and their young calyces, it has antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial and other properties. There are few or almost none studies available on agronomic studies in this species. The objective of this work was to evaluate the phytotechnical behavior of the purple vinegar with regard to phenology, vegetative development and better fruit harvesting season, organic fertilization, as well as total phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity. The study was conducted at the Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, State University Paulista Júlio De Mesquita Filho, located in the city of Botucatu, state of São Paulo. In the shade house, two experiments were conducted, two in the periods from January to July (fertilization and harvesting season). The experiment of phytochemical analysis was carried out in the laboratory of medicinal plants and in the field was conducted the experiment of phenology with recourse to 36 individuals of whom 30 were used. It was verified a high synchrony of the plant in relation to the phenophases and little correlation with the climatic factors. The time with the greatest number of fruits did not coincide with fruits of greater weight. The fertilizer study showed that the purple vinegar respond positively to organic ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Sie, Raoul Sylvère. "Caractérisation agro-morphophysiologique et micropropagation de l’oseille de Guinée (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. )." Brest, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BRES2014.
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L’oseille de Guinée (Hibiscus sabdariffa L. ) est une plante importante en Afrique de l’Ouest pour son utilisation au niveau nutritionnel, industriel et médical. Cependant, hormis quelques études de phytotechnie, peu de travaux concernent la sélection de cette plante. En outre, aucune étude de régénération par embryogenèse somatique n’est disponible. L’objectif principal de ce travail est de caractériser la collection d’oseille de Guinée en vue à long terme, de mettre en oeuvre un programme de sélection de génotypes vigoureux, haut producteurs et résistants à certaines maladies. Par ailleurs, des perspectives de conservation et de sortie variétale de génotypes élites, nécessitent le développement de méthodes de régénération par culture in vitro. La première partie de l’étude portant sur la caractérisation morphologique et agronomique de la collection d’oseille de Guinée, a confirmé l’organisation de cette espèce en deux variétés sabdariffa et altissima dont les phénotypes sont complémentaires. H. Sabdariffa var. Sabdariffa est caractérisée par une forte vigueur végétative juvénile, une faible productivité de calices et fruits, une sensibilité faible à la photopériode et une couleur rouge des organes. H. Sabdariffa var. Altissima a une forte vigueur végétative adulte, une productivité plus élevée, une grande sensibilité à la photopériode et une couleur verte des organes. Dans une deuxième partie, les variétés sont évaluées pour leurs réactions de défense vis-à-vis des champignons pathogènes (Fusarium oxysporum et Phoma sabdariffae). Des études sur l’impact des attaques sur la croissance des plantes et certains paramètres physiologiques montrent que les individus de la variété sabdariffa sont plus résistants aux deux champignons que ceux de la variété altissima. Aucune incidence n’est observée sur la photosynthèse chez les deux variétés. Suite aux inoculations, la variété sabdariffa accumule une quantité croissante de polyphénols mais ce taux diminue chez la variété altissima. La dernière partie aborde les méthodes utilisées pour induire la formation de cals embryogènes, précédées de la mise au point d’un protocole efficace de décontamination des explants. La technique des couches cellulaires minces transversales (CCMTs) mise en oeuvre sur des plantules, permet d’obtenir des cals embryogènes après l’étude de nombreux facteurs déterminants comme le génotype (sabdariffa altissima), le milieu de culture (MS, DKW), la nature de l’expIant (racine, hypocotyle, feuille cotylédonaïre), le type (auxines, cytokinines) et la teneur des régulateurs de croissance. Les CCMTs d’hypocotyle et de feuilles cotylédonaires mis en culture dans le milieu DKW contenant les combinaisons 1/0,5 (mg/l) et 4/1 (mg/l) de 2,4-D/TDZ constituent les meilleures conditions d’induction de cals embryogènesRoselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L. ) is an important crop in West Africa for its nutritional, industrial and medicinal uses. However, except some studies on phytotechny, there are a few report on the selection of this plant. Moreover, no study on thie in vitro regeneration by somatic embryogenesis is available. The main aim of this work is to characterize the collection of roselle for in long-term sight, to implement a programme of selection for vigorous, high yielding and resistant genotypes te certain diseases. Moreover, die conservation ami seeds production ofgood genotypes, require the development of methods of regeneration by in vitro culture. The first part of the study relating to the morphological and agronomical characterization of the collection of roselle, confirmed the organization of this species into two varieties such as sabdariffa and altissima whose phenotypes were complementary. H. Sabdariffa var. Sabdariffa was characterized by a strong early vegetative vigour, a low yielding of calyx and fruits, a low photoperiod susceptibility and a red color of plants. H. Sabdariffa var. Altissima had a strong adult vegetative vigour, a higher yielding, a high photoperiod susceptibility and a green color of the plant. In a second part, the varieties were evaluated for their defense reactions against to pathogenic fungi (Fusarium oxysporum and Phoma sabdariffae). Studies ou the impact of the attacks on the growth of the plants and certain physiological parameters, showed that the individuals of the sabdariffa variety were more resistaut to both fungi than those of the altissima variety. No incidence was observed on both varieties photosynthesis. Following die inoculations, the sabdariffa variety accumulated an increasing quantity of polyphenols but this rate decreases in the altissima variety. The last part describes the methods used to induce the formation of embryogenic calli, preceded by the development of an efficient protocol of decontamination of explants. The technique of the thin Transversal Cell Layers (tTCLs) implemented on seedlings, enabled to obtain some embryogenic calli after the study of many determining factors such as the genotype (sabdariffa, altissima), the culture medium (MS, DKW), the nature of the explant (root, hypocotyle, cotyledon), the type (auxines, cytokinines) and the content of the growth regulaters. The tTCLs from hypocotyl and cotyledon in culture medium DKW containing combinations 1/0,5 (mg/l) and 4/1 (mg/l) of 2,4-D/TDZ constituted the best conditions of induction of the embryogenic calli
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Nenonene, Amen. "Élaboration et caractérisation mécanique de panneaux de particules de tige de kénaf et de bioadhésifs à base de colle d'os, de tannin ou de mucilage." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7834/1/nenonene.pdf.
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La toxicité des émissions de formaldéhyde rejetées par les panneaux de particules à base de résines contenant du formaldéhyde motive la recherche de liants alternatifs notamment d’origine naturelle. Ce travail porte sur l’élaboration par thermopressage et la caractérisation physico-mécanique de panneaux de particules sans ou à faibles rejets de formaldéhyde à partir des tiges de kénaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) et de la colle d’os ou de liants végétaux riches en tannins ou en mucilage de plantes tropicales. L’utilisation de ces bioadhésifs a permis d’obtenir des panneaux de bonne résistance en flexion (370 ≤ MOE ≤ 3100 MPa ; 2,01 ≤ MOR ≤ 23 MPa). Un procédé peut être envisagé pour une production de ces panneaux utilisables comme matériaux de construction écologiques.
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Müller, Fernanda de Oliveira. "O florescer das vozes na tradução de Purple Hibiscus, de Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2017. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/24185.
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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Letras, Departamento de Línguas Estrangeiras e Tradução, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos da Tradução, 2017.Submitted by Raquel Almeida (raquel.df13@gmail.com) on 2017-06-14T19:09:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_FernandadeOliveiraMüller.pdf: 1452174 bytes, checksum: 3eeb368fa07d05dd9f4315eb87a39d48 (MD5)
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Purple hibiscus, primeiro livro da escritora nigeriana Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, é um romance de temática feminista sobre a conquista da própria voz e do rompimento com a submissão e o silêncio impostos pelo patriarcado, pela religião e pelo conservadorismo. Tomando por base as teorias da Tradução Feminista, sobretudo de Simon (1996) e Von Flotow (1997 e 2012), investigo de que forma as marcas de feminismo na obra foram abordadas na tradução para o português do Brasil. A pesquisa inicia-se pela biografia da escritora – sua conexão com a literatura pós-colonial e militância feminista –, seguindo para os vários conceitos e vertentes do feminismo. Na sequência, apresento uma análise quali-quantitativa dos termos referentes aos campos lexicais do olhar e do falar no texto de partida, tomados como indicadores do desabrochar da liberdade, e proponho alternativas à tradução de Hibisco roxo, elaboradas com o intuito de reforçar as marcas feministas. Ao final, traço um histórico da Tradução Feminista, indicando novas tendências que estão a florescer. Este trabalho trata sobre a liberdade. Sobre vozes abafadas e inaudíveis que, aos poucos, começam a se fortalecer e a serem notadas, até aflorarem completamente. É uma pesquisa sobre a luta da mulher por independência e visibilidade, em uma sociedade patriarcal que, desde os primórdios, coloca-a em uma posição assessória, inferior e incompleta em si mesma. É sobre a liberdade do ato da tradução, da autonomia da tradutora para fugir da invisibilidade e da submissão, de manipular o texto e fazer sua voz ser ouvida pelo leitor. E é também sobre o processo de conquista da liberdade pelos personagens de Purple hibiscus, e de como essa conquista está associada à militância feminista de sua autora.
Nigerian writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s debut novel, Purple hibiscus, is a feminist-themed novel about the conquest of one’s own voice and the break with submission and silence imposed by patriarchy, religion, and conservatism. Based on Feminist Translation theories, especially on Simon (1996) and Von Flotow (1997 and 2012), I investigate how the translator approached the feminist marks in the Brazilian Portuguese version. First, the research presents the writer’s biography, underscoring her connection to postcolonial literature and feminist militancy. Next, the various concepts and strands of feminism are discussed. After that, I present a quali-quantitative analysis of terms belonging to the lexical fields look and speech in the starting text, considered to be indicators of the blooming of freedom. In an attempt to intentionally reinforce the feminist marks in the text, I present alternatives to that translation of Purple hibiscus. Finally, I provide a brief background of Feminist Translation, presenting new trends that are flourishing. This work is about freedom. It is about muffled and inaudible voices that, little by little, became louder, until they finally flourished. It is a research on the struggle of women for independence and visibility in a patriarchal society which, from the earliest stages, places women in an inferior and secondary position. It is about the freedom of translation and the autonomy of the translator to fight invisibility and submission and to manipulate the text in order to make his/her voice heard by the reader. And it is also about the liberation of Purple hibiscus oppressed characters, and the connections between their freedom and the author’s feminist militancy.
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Visi, David K. "The Microbial Retting Environment of Hibiscus Cannabinus and Its Implications in Broader Applications." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc801953/.
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Fiber-yielding plants is an area of increased interest due to the potential use in a variety of green-based materials. These biocomposites can be incorporated into multiple uses; for example, to replace building materials and interior vehicular paneling. The research here aims to focus in on the crop Hibiscus cannabinus for utilization into these functions. H. cannabinus is economically attractive due to the entire process being able to be accomplished here in the United States. The plant can be grown in a relatively short growth period (120-180 days), and then processed and incorporated in a biocomposite. The plant fiber must first be broken down into a useable medium. This is accomplished by the retting process, which occurs when microbial constituents breakdown the heteropolysaccharides releasing the fiber. The research aims to bridge the gap between the primitive process of retting and current techniques in molecular and microbiology. Utilizing a classical microbiological approach, which entailed enrichment and isolation of pectinase-producing bacteria for downstream use in augmented microbial retting experiments. The tracking of the bacteria was accomplished by using the 16S rRNA which acts as “barcodes” for bacteria. Next-generation sequencing can then provide data from each environment telling the composition and microbial diversity of each tested variable. The main environments tested are: a natural environment, organisms contributed by the plant material solely, and an augmented version in which pectinase-producing bacteria are added. In addition, a time-course experiment was performed on the augmented environment providing data of the shift to an anaerobic environment. Lastly, a drop-in set was performed using each isolate separately to determine which contributes to the shift in microbial organization. This research provided a much needed modernization of the retting technique. Previous studies have been subject to simple clone libraries and growth plate assays and next-generation sequencing will bring the understanding of microbial retting into the 21st century.
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Cissé, Mady. "Couplage de procédés membranaires pour la production d’extraits anthocyaniques : application à Hibiscus sabdariffa." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NSAM0035/document.
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Hibiscus sabdariffa L. est une plante vivace herbacée localisée dans les zones tropicales et subtropicales des deux hémisphères. Au Sénégal, où elle a été introduite au 19ème siècle, H. sabdariffa, encore appelé bissap ou roselle, est cultivé sur l'ensemble du territoire et exploité principalement pour ses calices. Une boisson désaltérante est traditionnellement élaborée à partir des calices séchés par extraction à l'eau. La caractérisation physico-chimique et biochimique des calices nous a tout d'abord permis de mieux évaluer le potentiel de ce produit. Ainsi, les calices contiennent entre 767 et 1480 mg.100g -1 d'anthocyanes et entre 1347 et 3736 mg.100g-1 de polyphénols totaux. Ils présentent un pouvoir antioxydant voisin de 260 µmolTrolox.g-1. L'acide malique y est l'acide organique majoritaire avec une teneur pouvant atteindre 2,3 g.100g-1. De part ces caractéristiques, l'extrait aqueux de calices d'H. sabdariffa constitue une excellente source d'anthocyanes. Le travail s'est ensuite focalisé sur le procédé d'obtention de cet extrait. L'étude de l'extraction solide-liquide a été réalisée à partir de calices séchés et d'eau à des températures comprises entre 25 et 90 °C. Un rendement d'extraction en anthocyanes maximum de 88 % a été obtenu à 25 °C avec un ratio calice/eau de 1/25. La réduction de la taille des particules et l'augmentation de la température diminuent le temps d'extraction mais n'affectent pas le rendement d'extraction. Un modèle d'extraction solide-liquide incluant les cinétiques de dégradation thermique des anthocyanes a été proposé puis validé. La microfiltration tangentielle sur membrane céramique de diamètre moyen de pores 0,2 µm a permis de produire un extrait stérilisé à froid, stable pendant 90 j à 20 °C. Nous avons montré à ce niveau que la pression transmembranaire optimisée à un facteur de réduct ion volumique (FRV) égal à 1 n'est plus optimale lorsque le FRV augmente. Pour concentrer les anthocyanes présents dans l'extrait, l'ultrafiltration sur une membrane de seuil de coupure de 5 kDa peut être utilisée malgré une rétention incomplète (95-97 %). Par contre, la nanofiltration offre une rétention totale des anthocyanes. Le procédé, mis en uvre dans des conditions semi-industrielles, a permis d'augmenter la teneur en extrait sec soluble (ESS) de 40 à 250 g.kg-1 à 35 °C, à une pression transmembranaire comprise entre 20 et 30 bar avec un flux moyen de 15 kg.h-1.m-2. L'évaporation osmotique, testée sur un pilote équipé d'une membrane en polypropylène de 10 m2, a permis de concentrer l'extrait anthocyanique jusqu'à 620 g d'ESS.kg-1. Cet extrait concentré conserve toutes les qualités physico-chimiques, biochimiques, nutritionnelles et aromatiques de l'extrait initial. Le flux évaporatoire est directement corrélé à la teneur en extrait sec solub le du produit à concentrer. Enfin, divers couplages d'opérations unitaires ont été comparés pour obtenir un extrait concentré à partir de calices d'H. sabdariffa. Le procédé qui associe une extraction à froid, une pré-concentration par nanofiltration et une concentration par évaporation osmotique est la meilleure voie tant en terme de coûts d'investissement et de fonctionnement que de qualité de l'extraitHibiscus sabdariffa L. is a herbaceous plant, cultivated largely in tropical and subtropical areas of both hemispheres. In Senegal, where it was introduced in the 19th century, H. sabdariffa L. also called bissap or roselle is grown throughout the territory and operated primarily for its calyx. A refreshing drink is traditionally made from dried calyx by water extraction. The physical-chemical and biochemical characterization of the calyx allowed us to assess better the potential of this product. Thus, the calyx contained between 767 and 1480 mg.100g-1 of anthocyanins and between 1347 and 3736 mg.100g-1 of total polyphenols. They have an antioxidant capacity closed to 260 μmolTrolox.g-1. Malic acid is the major organic acid with content up to 2.3 g.100g-1. Because of these characteristics, the aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa calyx is an excellent source of anthocyanins. The work was then focused on the process for obtaining this extract. The study of solid-liquid extraction was performed from dried calyx with water at temperature range from 25 and 90 ° C. A maximum extraction yield of anthocyanin of 88 % was obtained at 25 ° C with a solid-to-solvent ratio of 1/25. Reducing the particle size and increasing the temperature decreased the extraction time but do not affect the extraction efficiency. A model of solid-liquid extraction which included the thermal anthocyanins degradation kinetics has been proposed and validated. Crossflow microfiltration with tubular ceramic 0.2 pore size membrane has produced a cold sterilized extract, stable during 90 days at 20 °C. We have shown here that the transmembrane pressure optimized at a volume reduction ratio (VRR) equal to 1 is no longer optimum when the VRR is increasing. To concentrate the anthocyanins present in the extract, the ultrafiltration membrane with a cutoff of 5 kDa can be used despite incomplete retention (95-97%). By cons, nanofiltration offers a tot al retention of anthocyanins. The method, implemented in semi-industrial conditions, has increased the content of total soluble solids (TSS) from 40 to 250 g.kg-1 at 35 °C at a transmembrane pressure between 20 and 30 bar with an average flow of 15 kg.h-1.m-2. The osmotic evaporation, tested on a pilot equipped with a polypropylene membrane of 10 m2, has concentrated anthocyanin extract up to 620 g TSS. kg-1. This concentrated extract retains all the physical-chemical, biochemical, nutritional and aromatic quality of the original extract. The evaporation flux is directly correlated with the total soluble solids content of the product to concentrate. Finally, various couplings of unit operations were compared to obtain a concentrated extract from H. sabdariffa calyx. The process which combines a cold extraction, a pre-concentration by nanofiltration and concentration by osmotic evaporation is the best way both in terms of investment costs and operating and quality of the ext ract
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Pandey, Radha. "Anatomia Botanica: botanical anatomies of the Sacred Lotus, Red Hibiscus and Southern Magnolia." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1493.
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Anatomia Botanica explores the relationship I have come to develop with my natural environment. It takes the reader through my understanding of three species of flowering plants. These are plants that had a significant impact on my childhood and early adulthood, teaching me to look at our natural environment as far more complex and compelling of respect than we give credit to.
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Grajeda-Iglesias, Claudia. "Valorisation d’extraits végétaux par la synthèse et caractérisation de composés phénoliques lipophilisés." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NSAM0005.
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Les composés phénoliques sont des métabolites secondaires chez les végétaux, qui possèdent un large éventail de propriétés biologiques et fonctionnelles, par exemple antioxydantes, antimicrobiennes. Comme ils sont très répandus dans le règne végétal, les sous-produits issus de la transformation végétale représentent une source intéressante et peu coûteuse des polyphénols qui pourraient être utilisés comme additifs naturels, inoffensifs et multifonctionnels, avec une valeur de marché ajoutée. Toutefois, leur polarité limite leur utilisation dans des systèmes émulsionnés complexes, tels que ceux rencontrés en formulations cosmétiques, alimentaires, ou pharmaceutiques. Sur cette base, la lipophilisation s’est avérée être une stratégie efficace pour améliorer le caractère hydrophobe de ces composés bioactifs et, par conséquent, leurs propriétés fonctionnelles.Le principal objectif de ce travail a été d'ajouter de la valeur à des sources végétales riches en polyphénols par l'extraction, caractérisation et enfin, par lipophilisation des principaux polyphénols issus de ces sources. Dans ce contexte, Hibiscus sabdariffa L. ou roselle, cultivée dans le monde entier et considérée comme une importante source d’anthocyanes, avec des propriétés colorantes uniques, ainsi que des propriétés antioxydantes et antimicrobiennes, a été utilisée pour l'extraction assistée par ultrasons, suivi d’une seule étape de fractionnement par chromatographie en phase liquide à basse pression, pour isoler ces principaux anthocyanes. Les composés ainsi obtenus ont été utilisés pour évaluer leur possibilité à être lipophilisés en utilisant différentes longueurs de chaînes alkyles. Egalement, les propriétés colorantes des anthocyanes issues d’hibiscus ont été calculées par la méthode de pH jumps. Ainsi, les constantes de pseudo équilibre (pK'a 2,9), d’acidité (pKa 3,7) et d’hydratation (pK'h 3,0) de la delphinidine-3-O-sambubioside, ont été estimées.La delphinidine-3-O-sambubioside et la cyanidine-3-O-sambubioside ont été les principaux anthocyanes obtenus à partir de l’extrait d'hibiscus. Ces composés ont été lipophilisés avec succès pour la première fois, par voie chimique. Les produits ont été caractérisés par des techniques de chromatographie et spectrométrie. L'acide protocatéchique (PA), qui peut être extrait de la fleur d'hibiscus, a été utilisé comme molécule modèle, et il a été lipophilisé par voie chimique avec une série homologue d'alcools. Afin d'évaluer l'impact de la lipophilisation sur leurs propriétés fonctionnelles, leur activités antioxydantes (DPPH, ORAC, CAT), et antifongique (méthode de microdilution) ont été évaluées avant et après lipophilisation. De manière générale, les molécules estérifiées avec des alcools de chaîne courte et moyenne (de C1 à C6) ont montré des activités améliorées par rapport au composé non estérifié.En conclusion, cette étude a montré que la lipophilisation, en utilisant une longueur de chaîne optimale, pourrait avoir un impact positif sur les propriétés antioxydantes et antifongiques des composés phénoliques. Ces travaux de thèse ont également démontré que cette stratégie peut être appliquée à différentes familles de composés phénoliques, tels que les anthocyanes et les acides phénoliques, pour l’obtention des molécules pouvant être potentiellement utilisées comme additifs dans des produits de formulationPhenolic compounds are a group of secondary plant metabolites with a broad range of inherent biological and functional properties e.g. antioxidants and antimicrobial agents, all bundled within the phenol functional group. Since they are one of the most widely distributed molecules in the vegetal kingdom, by-products issued from the vegetal processing represent an interesting and inexpensive source of polyphenols that could be used as natural, innocuous and multifunctional ingredients, with an added market value. However, the polarity of these phenolic compounds limits their use in complex emulsified systems, such as food, pharmaceutical or cosmetic formulations. Based on this, lipophilization has showed to be an efficient strategy to enhance the hydrophobicity of these bioactive compounds and, consequently, their functional properties. The aim of this work was to add value to polyphenol-rich plant sources by the extraction, characterization and finally, lipophilization of their predominant polyphenols. In this context, Hibiscus sabdariffa L. or roselle flower, an inexpensive, worldwide produced source of anthocyanins, with unique color, and, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, was used for ultrasound-assisted extraction and single-step fractionation by low-pressure liquid chromatography, to isolate its main anthocyanins. The obtained compounds were used to evaluate their suitability for lipophilization with different chain length alkyl donors. Moreover, the color properties of hibiscus anthocyanins were studied by the pH jumps method, which allowed the calculation of the pseudo equilibrium (pK'a 2.9), acidity (pKa 3.7) and hydration constants (pK'h 3.0).The obtained hibiscus anthocyanins (delphinidin-sambubioside and cyanidin-sambubioside) were successfully chemically lipophilized. The products were characterized by means of LC/ESI-MS. Moreover, protocatechuic acid (PA), which can be extracted from hibiscus flowers, was used as model molecule, and it was chemically lipophilized with a homologous series of alcohols. In order to evaluate the impact of the lipophilization on their functional properties, protocatechuates were assessed for their antioxidant (DPPH, ORAC, CAT), and antifungal (microdilution method) activity, before and after chemical lipophilization. In general, protocatechuates with short to medium alkyl chain lengths (from C1 to C6) showed improved activities compared to the parent compound. In conclusion, this study showed that, lipophilization using the optimal chain length could have a positive impact in the functional properties, e.g. antioxidant and antifungal activities, of phenolic compounds. Here was also demonstrated that this strategy can be applied to different families of phenolic compounds, such as anthocyanins and phenolic acids, representing an alternative to synthesize molecules that might have potential use as additives in formulated products
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Fischer, Paulina. "The Wish for Stability : From Alienation to Femininity in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Purple Hibiscus." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-30130.
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This essay concerns Purple Hibiscus and Kambili's emotional development, and explores how violence, submission and emotional dependence along with a traditional feminine gender role can hinder acknowledgement of trauma. I propose that Kambili is encouraged to take on a culturally expected feminine gender role, and her submissive disposition is discussed and connected to her constant search for a father figure. The notion of personal and collective postcolonial trauma is explained and applied to contextualise her inability to question either her father or the political situation in Nigeria. I read Kambili's change as negative and aim to show that she has internalised patriarchal structures. Her change is contrasted to the change in her brother Jaja, to show how and why they develop in different directions. Traditional gender roles are discussed from a rather general perspective, but also in a context that concern masculinity, violence and power relations.
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Felisbino, Alan da Silva. "Análise fitoquímica e avaliação do potencial farmacológico de extratos hidroalcoólicos de Hibiscus acetosella Welw. ex Hiern." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESC, 2014. http://repositorio.unesc.net/handle/1/2762.
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Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais da Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense-UNESC, como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências Ambientais.Among the diversity of flora, there is the Malvaceae family, which stands out from the variety of natural compounds found among the species proven to have pharmacological properties. The popular use combined with scientific research led us to the study of Hibiscus acetosella WeLw. ex Hiern., popularly known as hibiscus and okra. Scientific reports have shown other species of Hibiscus with the effects of diuretic, antihypertensive and cardiovascular system. This study aimed to analyze the phytochemical composition of these extracts from the leaves of H. acetosella and evaluated the cardioprotective activity with possible alternative to improve vascular reactivity. It also evaluated the cytotoxicity of this species by analyzing the risk/benefit ratio of any therapeutic use of this plant species by the population. The extract of H. acetosella was fractionated with solvents that have increasing polarity (dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol), which were analyzed by chromatographic methods TLC and HPLC. The cytotoxic analysis in vitro was evaluated by the MTT method, using specific cell strains of B16 and HaCaT. To perform the pharmacological analysis of the crude extract, 60 animals were equally divided into six groups: control (regular-salt diet), group high-salt diet, group high-salt diet that was treated with captopril 50 mg/kg and the other three groups were fed with high-salt diet and treated with extract of H. acetosella at doses of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg per a period of five weeks. All groups were submitted to measure the basal blood pressure and an evaluation of their blood pressure behavior was made with the infusions of vasodilator and vasoconstrictor drugs. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenolic compounds such as caffeic acid, flavonoids and saponins. According to this study, it is clear that the extract and the fractions tested of H. acetosella, showed no significant cytotoxic activity against the tested strains. According to the evaluation in vivo, the excess of the salt fed generated a change in the reactivity of the vascular endothelium and the treatment with extract of H. acetosella presented a protective activity to this vascular endothelium, thus proving to be effective in the cardiovascular system such as vasoprotection.
Dentre a diversidade da flora brasileira, encontra-se a família Malvaceae, a qual se destaca pela grande variedade de compostos naturais encontrados dentre as espécies com propriedades farmacológicas comprovadas. O uso popular aliado à investigação científica conduziu-nos para o estudo de Hibiscus acetosella WeLw. ex Hiern., popularmente conhecida como vinagreira, groselheira e quiabo-roxo. Relatos científicos mostram ação de outras espécies de Hibiscus com efeito diurético, anti-hipertensivo e no sistema cardiovascular. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a composição fitoquímica de extratos das folhas de H. acetosella, bem como avaliar a atividade cardioprotetora com possível alternativa para reatividade vascular. Avaliou, também, a citotoxicidade desta espécie a fim de permitir uma análise da relação risco/benefício de um eventual uso terapêutico pela população usuária da planta. O extrato de H. acetosella foi particionado com solventes de polaridade crescente (diclorometano, acetato de etila e n-butanol) e analisados por métodos cromatográficos de CCD e CLAE. A análise citotóxica in vitro foi realizada pelo método de MTT em culturas específicas para linhagem B16 e HaCaT. O controle positivo foi tratado com os quimioterápicos padrões Vincristina e Doxorrubicina. Para a análise farmacológica do extrato bruto, 60 animais foram divididos igualmente em seis grupos: controle, dieta hipersódica, hipersódica comcomitante com tratamento com captopril 50 mg/kg; os outros três grupos de animais foram submetidos à dieta hipersódica e tratados com H. acetosella nas doses de 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg e 250 mg/kg. O tratamento teve duração de cinco semanas e, após esse período foi aferida a pressão arterial basal e avaliação do comportamento da pressão arterial frente à agentes vasodilatador e vasoconstritor. A análise fitoquímica constatou a presença de compostos fenólicos, como flavonoides e ácido cafeico, além de saponinas. Pôde-se constatar que o extrato e as frações testadas de H. acetosella não mostraram atividade citotóxica significante para as linhagens testadas. Segundo avaliação in vivo, o excesso de sal gerou alteração na reatividade do endotélio vascular e o tratamento com extrato de H. acetosella apresentou atividade protetora sob este, mostrando, assim, ser efetiva no sistema cardiovascular com atividade de vasoproteção.
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Odero, Dennis Calvin. "Interference of Venice mallow (Hibiscus trionum), lanceleaf sage (Salvia reflexa), wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus), and redstem filaree (Erodium cicutarium) in sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris)." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1663059521&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Sobantu, Mandisa Pamela. "The antioxidative and cytotoxic effects of hibiscus sabdariffa on mcf7 and mcf12a breast cell lines." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2235.
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Thesis (MTech (Biomedical Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015.Cancer is the leading cause of death in both developed and developing countries. In particular, breast cancer is regarded as the most common neoplastic disease in females and accounts for the high mortality rates in women. Increased mortality rates could be attributed to ineffective current cancer treatment modalities that have been implicated to cause multidrug resistance, high toxicity and induction of several side effects. In addition, oxidative stress appears to play a role in the development of breast cancer. Therefore, current cancer research aims to search for plant based anticancer compounds with less side effects and toxicity towards the human body. An example of such a plant is Hibiscus sabdariffa also known as roselle and is reported to have bioactive compounds that exhibit anticancer and antioxidant effects. However, the effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa on breast cancer in relation to oxidative stress and apoptosis have not been investigated. In this research study, the aim was to evaluate the cytotoxic and antioxidant effects of water and methanolic extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) on cancerous MCF7 and non-cancerous MCF12A breast cell lines with special reference to oxidative stress and apoptosis. This was done based on the fact that HS has been documented for its traditional use against cancer and other ailments.
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Caramez, Rosa Roseméri Beiro. "Caracterização físico-química e estudo de estabilidade das antocianinas do cálice de Hibiscus sabdariffa L. /." Florianópolis, SC, 1999. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/80593.
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Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias.Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-18T16:32:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de pesquisar a estabilidade das antocianinas de Hibiscus sabdariffa L. frente a determinadas condições e avaliação de sua composição físico-química para um possível aproveitamento desta malvácea como fonte de nutrientes e corante para a indústria de alimentos. Os resultados da composição físico-química demonstraram que vinagreira (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), pode ser utilizada como fonte de alimento, constituindo-se numa boa fonte de nutrientes, destacando-se a quantidade de cálcio determinada (659 mg/100g), situando-se acima dos valores encontrados para hortaliças em geral. A avaliação aminoacídica demonstrou que o cálice desta malvácea possui a maioria dos aminoácidos essenciais, com exceção de cistina e tirosina. A estabilidade de antocianinas foi estudada através do efeito da luz, oxigênio, pH, adição de ácido tânico e solução de b-ciclodextrina. A solução extratora mais eficiente foi metanol - HCl 0,01%. Os fatores que mais contribuíram para a degradação da cor das antocianinas de Hibiscus sabdariffa L. foram a incidência da luz e variações de pH. A adição de b-ciclodextrina não resultou num efeito protetor, enquanto que o ácido tânico resultou numa considerável estabilidade.
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Vitullo, Justin Matthew. "Ecological and behavioral factors associated with monitoring and managing pink hibiscus mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in the southern US." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28238.
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The pink hibiscus mealybug (PHM), Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) was investigated with regard to damage caused to hibiscus by feeding, dispersal of nymphs, evaluation of management tactics, and the use of sex pheromone based monitoring in southern Florida from 2005 to 2008. Understanding the ability of PHM to locate and colonize new hosts, and the response of hosts is essential to optimized monitoring and management strategies. Investigation of the onset and severity of PHM feeding symptoms by Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. showed that severity of symptoms differed among cultivars and that PHM were found on plants that did not exhibit feeding symptoms. Aerially dispersing PHM were predominantly first instars. Dispersal occurred with a diel periodicity that peaked between 14:00 and 18:00 h and was significantly influenced by mean wind speed. Initial infestation with 5, 10, or 20 PHM adult females had no significant affect on the number of dispersing individuals captured from hibiscus plants and PHM were captured at 50 m from infested source plants.
The effects of mating disruption, the insecticide (dinotefuran), the parasitoid, Anagyrus kamali (Moursi), and the predator, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Mulsant) on PHM on hibiscus plants in screened field cages were evaluated. The total number of mealybugs captured in sticky band and pheromone traps during the study was reduced by dinotefuran and the predator. At the end of the study, the number of nymphs recovered from hibiscus terminals was reduced by the dinotefuran, predator and parasitoid treatments. Field experiments showed that the time of day during which male PHM were captured in pheromone traps in May and September was crepuscular, with most captures occurring from 18:00 to 21:00 h. Significantly more males were captured in traps placed in non-host trees at an elevation of 2 m above the ground than 6 m, and more males were captured in traps placed within host plants than in those 3 m upwind. Pheromone traps placed in hibiscus treated with soil applied dinotefuran or left untreated captured equal numbers of males during the 3 wk prior to treatment and during the 12 wk after treatment. Release of parasitoids at residential sites did not have a significant effect on the total number of males captured in sex pheromone traps over 18 mo. The number of mealybugs found at both parasitoid release and untreated sites were highly variable and corresponded with males captured in sex pheromone traps, as high and low levels of mealybugs corresponded with high and low levels of males captured. The number of males captured in pheromone traps during a two week survey at residential sites in May were a strong predictor of subsequent captures in 2006 (r2 = 0. 712), but not 2007 (r2 = 0.019). The relationship between PHM populations and males captured in sex pheromone traps was influenced by a multitude of factors that can impact the ability of traps to accurately reflect populations at a given location. Pheromone traps have the potential to provide meaningful information towards monitoring and mitigating risk from PHM. The contributions of this dissertation towards optimizing PHM sex pheromone monitoring, as well as facets of PHM monitoring that have yet to be resolved are discussed.Ph. D.
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Elashi, Balsam. "The antimicrobial and antifungal efficacy of indigenous plant extracts against streptococcus mutans, Escherichia colia and Candida albicans." University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4246.
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Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent)The antimicrobial and antifungal efficacy of indigenous plant extracts against Streptococcus mutans , Escherichia coli and Candida albicans .Aim: To determine the antimicrobial and antifungal efficacy of indigenous plant extracts, Tamarindus Indica (T. ndica), Hibiscus sabdariffa (H. sabdaraffi), Adansonia digitata (A.digitata) and Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) against Streptococcus mutans ( S. mutans ), Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) and Candida albicans (C. albicans) objectives:The objectives of this study were to: 1.Measure the zones of growth inhibition by T. indicia , A. digitata , M.oleifera and H. sabdariffi extracts against, S.mutans , E.coli and C.albicans . 2.Compare the size of inhibition zones of different bacteria or fungus, S. mutans ,E.coli and C. albicans, around the same plant extract.3.Compare the size of inhibition zones for the same bacteria in different plant extracts T.indicia ,A.digitata H.sabdariffi and M.oleifera Methodology .The antimicrobial and antifungal effect of the ethanolic extracts of T. indica , H.sabdariffa, A.digitata and M.oleifera was performed using the disc diffusion method against S. mutans ,E.coli and C.albicans. The antibacterial and antifungal activity of the plants was determined by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zones. esults and conclusion: The results showed that.T.indica and H.sabdariffa ethanolic extracts have an antibacterial effect against S.mutans and E.coli.However, H.sabdariffi showed a significantly higher antibacterial effect against E.coli and S.mutans, with a range of 14.50mm to 12.01mm and 16.41 mm to 14.39 mm compared to T.indica ,with a range of 11.41 mm to 7.04mm and 6.88mm to 10.40mm, respectively.Furthermore, the statistical multiple pairwise test (Conover Iman procedure/Two -tailed test) omputed that the effect of H.sabdariffi is significantly (critical value >7.229) greater for the G ram positive S.mutans than the G ram negative E.coli.On the other hand,T.indica showed a similar antibacterial effect against S.mutans and E.coli,respectively.In contrast, M. oleifera and A.digitata ethanolic plant extracts showed no antibacterial effect against E.coli and S.mutans. All the indigenous plants tested, T.indica ,H.sabdariffa, M. oleifera and A.digitata had no antifungal activity on C.albicans
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Foreman, Chelsea. "Speaking With Our Spirits : A Character Analysis of Eugene Achike in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Purple Hibiscus." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och interkultur, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-65249.
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The purpose of this essay is to conduct a character analysis on Eugene Achike from Chimamana Ngozi Adichie’s novel Purple Hibiscus, to see whether or not the character is used by Adichie as a portrayal of colonial Nigeria and its values. I have done this by looking at the themes of violence and hypocrisy in relation to Eugene’s language usage, religious attitude, and behaviour towards others, and comparing these aspects of his personality with the attitudes shown by colonialists in colonial Nigeria. The more important issues that prove Eugene’s character is a portrayal of colonial Nigeria are: his utter disregard for his heritage and background, including the physical disregard of his father; his absolute control over his family members, both physically and mentally, which leads to violent outbursts if he is disobeyed; the fact that he is shown in the novel to be a direct product of the missionaries and colonial structure that was present in Nigeria when he grew up. These things, together with the subtle connections in Adichie’s writing that connect her novel to Things Fall Apart, firmly place Purple Hibiscus in the postcolonial category. Thus, I concluded that Eugene’s character is a portrayal of Colonial Nigeria.Syftet med denna upsats är att genomföra en karaktärsanalys på karaktären Eugene Achike i Chimamanda Ngozi Adichis roman Purple Hibiscus, för att se ifall karaktären används av Adichie som en skildring av koloniala Nigeria och dess värderingar. Jag har gjort detta genom att undersöka två teman – våld och hyckleri – i samband med Eugenes användning av språk, religös attityd, och beteende mot andra, för att då jämföra dessa aspekter av hans personlighet med attityderna kolonisatörer hade i koloniala Nigeria. De viktigaste sakerna som bevisar att Eugenes karaktär är en skildring av koloniala Nigeria är: hans fullständiga ignoreing av sin bakgrund, inklusive den fysiska ignorering av hans pappa; hans absoluta kontroll över sin familj, både fysiskt och mentalt, vilket leder till våldsamma utbrott om han inte blir åtlydd; det faktum att han beskrivs som en produkt av missionärerna och koloniala samhället vid flera tillfällen i boken. Detta tillsammans med romanens subtila kopplingar till Achebes Things Fall Apart, placerar tveklöst Purple Hibiscus i den postkoloniala kategorin. Därmed drar jag slutsatsen att Eugene’s karaktär är en skildring av koloniala Nigeria.
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Jones, Alfred Ndahi. "Investigating the potential of Hibiscus seed species as alternative water treatment material to the traditional chemicals." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7181/.
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Developing countries pay a high price for water treatment due to importation of water treatment chemicals. Today, more than 663 million people lack access to a clean water supply which results in many deaths. Hibiscus plant seeds, namely Okra, Sabdariffa and Kenaf were investigated to identify their suitability as alternative water treatment materials to provide clean water supply to people in developing countries. Coagulation and disinfection ability of the extracts were assessed using a jar tester and Collilert-18 Quanti-Tray methods whereas dissolved organic carbon (DOC) test was performed using Shimadzu TOC analyser. The results of this work revealed that all the seed samples possess an anionic coagulant protein with a low molecular weight of 39 kDa. The potential of the seeds in crude form was clearly demonstrated, albeit with some issues regarding organic nutrient addition to the clarified water. However, this challenge was overcome by purifying the seed proteins in an ion exchange column where the impact of DOC addition was significantly reduced in the treated water, as demonstrated via fluorescence excitation-emission matrices. Additionally, the coagulant proteins identified in the region of tryptophan-like fluorescence were found to be stable after heat treatment. Furthermore, sludge production using seed extracts was found to be 5 times lower than that of aluminium sulphate (AS) and the pH of the treated water remained largely unaffected after treatment. Floc strength tests, undertaken using a laser diffraction instrument Mastersizer 2000, showed that the use of seeds as coagulant aids in combination with AS improved floc properties, leading to faster floc growth and shorter coagulation time.
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Silva, Vera Sônia Nunes da. "Estudo dos efeitos nutricionais da farinha de polpa e mucilagem extraida do quiabo (Hibiscus esculentus L.)." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254490.
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Orientador: Jaime Amaya-FarfanTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T16:53:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_VeraSoniaNunesda_D.pdf: 1659294 bytes, checksum: b94c247266521ad928f9d47c78675c8e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
Resumo: As fibras alimentares são entendidas como carboidratos ou substâncias poliméricas afins em alimentos que não sendo digeridas nem absorvidas no intestino superior, possuem vários efeitos fisiológicos e bioquímicos no intestino baixo e no restante do organismo, incluindo a modulação da população microbiótica, alterações na dinâmica dos fluídos fisiológicos, produção de diversos tipos de nutrientes, caracterizando-se como componente essencial da alimentação. A primeira fase deste trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar in vitro o efeito bifidogênico da mucilagem extraída da farinha da polpa do quiabo (Hibiscus esculentus, L.), como controle do crescimento de Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5, foi utilizado o meio de cultura MRS (Man, Rogosa, Sharpe), e para a cultura de Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12, o MRS enriquecido com L-cisteína denominado MRS modificado (MRSm). A segunda fase consistiu de um estudo comparativo dos efeitos ocorridos em ratos da linhagem Wistar, recém-desmamados (RD) com os que consumiam dietas AIN-93G, tendo como fontes de fibras: celulose (CC), inulina (CI) e a polpa de quiabo liofilizada (EQ). Nesse ensaio biológico foi avaliado o impacto da fibra na ingestão alimentar, trânsito intestinal, excreta fecal e morfologia intestinal, assim como os conteúdos: estomacal, cecal, colônico e do intestino delgado. Foram determinadas também as concentrações dos ácidos biliares fecais, a produção de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (AGCC) e lactato no ceco e cólon. Adicionalmente foi estudado o impacto que esta fibra poderia exercer sobre o metabolismo da glicose em ratos diabéticos. Os resultados do ensaio in vitro, mostraram que a mucilagem na concentração de 1,0%, promoveu aumento expressivo do número de células, de 17,57% para Lactobacillus acidophilus, e de 70% para Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12, em relação ao controle de crescimento MRS e MRSm, respectivamente. As análises microbiológicas aos 28 dias de alimentação demonstraram que a população de lactobacilos do grupo EQ foi superior em 0,680 log ufc/g de fezes, em relação ao RD. E aos 14 dias a população de bifidobactérias no grupo EQ foi superior em 0,382 log ufc/g de fezes, em relação ao CIA soma dos níveis de acetato, lactato, propionato e butirato colônico foram superiores para o grupo EQ quando comparados aos grupos CC e CI, indicando efeito positivo na produção destes ácidos orgânicos pela fibra do quiabo. A morfologia intestinal mostrou ser independente do tipo de fibra utilizado na dieta. Os níveis de ácidos biliares secundários foram excretados em maiores quantidades pelo grupo EQ, estes resultados associados ao menor tempo de trânsito intestinal resultaram em menor tempo de permanência destes metabólitos toxicogênicos no lúmem. No ensaio de indução de diabetes pela estreptozotocina, em ratos diabéticos alimentados com polpa de quiabo (EQD) a taxa de insulina foi superior aos ratos diabéticos alimentados com inulina (CID) e celulose (CCD). As reservas de gorduras epididimárias do grupo EQD foram menores em relação aos CCD e CID (P<0,05), sendo que o fator positivo para o grupo EQD foi ter apresentado menor perda de peso corporal, menor consumo de água e menor excreção urinária. Diante destes resultados, foi possível verificar um efeito global positivo associado ao consumo da fibra de quiabo pelo rato, sugerindo que o consumo do quiabo como parte integral da dieta poderá proporcionar efeitos fisiológicos benéficos ao individuo
Abstract: Dietary fiber is understood as any polymer normally occurring in foods, generally of carbohydrate nature, that is not digested and absorbed in the upper digestive tract and that is responsible for various physiological and biochemical effects in the lower gastrointestinal tract and the rest of the body, including alteration of the distribution of the bowel microbiota, improvement of physiological fluid dynamics, the production of some micronutrients, and which can be considered as essential components the human diet. This work consists of two sections. The first section consisted of an in vitro study of the bifidogenic effects of the mucilage extracted from okra (Hibiscus esculentus, L.). The second section was an in vivo study with Wistar rats just weaned, as initial group (IG), compared with fed with standard (AIN-93G) diets, formulated utilizing as source of dietary fiber: cellulose control (group CC), inulin control (IC) and okra experimental (OE), estimating such parameters as feed uptake, fecal output, transit time, GI tissue mass, and the stomach, cecal, fecal and small intestine contents. Additionally the impact of the fiber on the concentration of bile acids, gut morphology, short chain fatty acid (SCFA) and lactate production in cecum and colon and the fiber effect on the metabolism in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats were also studied. The results of the in vitro assay showed that mucilage concentration by 1% mucilage resulted in a substantial rise in cell counts, 17.57% Lactobacillus acidophilus and 70% Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12, when compared to the MRS and MRSm medium, respectively. Microbiological analyses of the assay showed that the lactobacillus in the experimental OE group on the 28th day was over 0.680 log cfu/g of feces larger when compared to the IG. On the 14th day, the levels of bifidobacteria in the group OE were higher by 0.382 log ufc/g of feces than in the IC group. The results suggested there was a selective stimulation of the lactobacillus and bifidobacteria populations in the OE group. Meanwhile, the OE diet elicited higher levels of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and lactate in cecum and colon as opposed to the IC and CC groups, showing that the okra fiber stimulates intestinal organic acid production. The intestinal morphology showed independent of the type of fiber. The amounts of secondary bile acids (lithocholic and deoxicholic) were excreted more by OE group. This results associated the lesser transit time, results time lesser this toxigenic metabolic at lumen. With regard to the induction of diabetes by streptozotocin, diabetic rats feeding with okra (OED) the serum insulin was biggest when compared than diabetic rats feeding inulin (ICD) and cellulose (CCD). These results confirm that in the diabetics rats of OED the insulin production was bigger, maybe the fiber of okra had protector effects in these animals. The epididymal fats and kidney was smaller than CCD and ICD, although the OED showed the lowest body weight loss. These results showed that the okra mucilage was beneficial to the rat when introduced in the diet, suggesting that this fiber may exhibit similar effects in human beings
Doutorado
Nutrição Experimental e Aplicada à Tecnologia de Alimentos
Doutor em Alimentos e Nutrição
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McQuarrie, Kylie. "Sacred Things, Sacred Bodies: The Ethics of Materiality and Female Spirituality in Purple Hibiscus." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4409.
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Thing theorist Bill Brown writes that “the thing names less an object than a particular subject-object relation.” This article examines the subject-object relation between African things and African bodies in Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's first novel, Purple Hibiscus. While the main character, Kambili, eventually learns to assimilate Western Catholicism into her Nigerian reality, her Christian fundamentalist father, Eugene, uses Catholicism to justify his self-hating destruction of African things and bodies. This article argues that both reactions are rooted in the characters' ability or inability to see African material things, including both objects and bodies, as autonomous subjects. Adichie's novel demonstrates that religious syncretism centered in an ethics of things is a viable, fruitful reaction to the colonizers' religion, and that religious practice can be healthily enacted through the medium of things and bodies.
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Kuo, Tzu-Yin, and 郭姿吟. "To Breed Potted Fragrant Hibiscus by Hibiscus arnottianus." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79441512075188423959.
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碩士國立中興大學
園藝學系所
100
This researches Hibiscus arnottianus was used to cross with Hibiscus cultivars. Furthermore, the offsprings were backcross in order to breed fragrant pot hibiscus. The pollen of Hibiscus ‘Kyoto’, H. arnottianus and ‘their hybrids were cultured in vitro. The rate of ‘Kyoto’ pollen germinated on the medium containing 30% sucrose was at 2.6%. It was higher than 1.6% or 1.1%, when of ‘Kyoto’ pollen germinated on the medium containing sucrose at 28% or 20%, respectively. Otherwise, the pollen germination rate of H. arnottianus was at 1.6%, when it germinated on the medium containing 25% sucrose. H. arnottianus pollen germinated on medium with various sucrose, the germination rate was lower than 0.8%. The fruiting of H. arnottianus as pollen parent crossed with Hibiscus cultivars was dependent on cultivars. For examples, corssing with ‘Izume’, ‘Sapporo’ or ‘Emily’ the fruiting rate was over 50%. But crossing with ‘South Sea’or ‘Kenny’ the fruiting rate was 12% or 10%, respectively. On the other hand, H. arnottianus as mother parent crossed with ‘Emily’ or ‘Oriental Moon’ the fruiting rate was 6% or 16%, respectively. In addition, the higher seeding rate of crossing were ‘Kenny’× H. arnottianus at 32.1%, ‘Izume’× H. arnottianus at 20.1% and ‘KA98-1’×H. arnottianus was at 11%. From the offsprings population, three plants, such as ‘Kyoto×A.（H. arnottianus） 101’, ‘Flame×A 101’ and ‘Emily×A-101’, were selected. The plants were cloned by cutting and were inspected by DUS test of UPOV. After pinch, the branches of ‘Kyoto×A 101’ or ‘Flame×A 101’ were increased from 0.8 to 6.2 or from 1.0 to 4.4, respectively. Chlormequat inhibited the growth of plant height, internode and leaves. In addition the application of Chlormequat was need higher concentration or more times, the retardant effect was more on plant.
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Lai, Yun-Hui, and 賴允慧. "Researches of Cutting Propagation of Hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis)." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88064425181193745282.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
園藝學研究所
92
The hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.) belongs to the family of Malvaceae, is a woody perennial plant, and flowering is by self-induced. Cultivars with variety of flower color and type of hibiscus are over 10,000. Cutting propagation is the most and major method and also in Taiwan. But there are some problems in propagation of special cultivars and selection of right cutting, which are influenced with rooted cutting growth. Therefore, this present study discussed the factors influenced cutting rooting, and it is expected to resolve these problems in commercial production of hibiscus. The response of cuttings in root formation was determined in 10 cultivars, and different cultivars had different rooting abilities. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis ‘Albo-Strip’ gave the fastest rooting rate and greatest number of roots per cutting, and followed by ‘Moon Glow’, ‘Maple’, ‘Ruby-Plenus’, ‘Birma’, ‘Kermesinoplenus’, ‘Norma’ and ‘Albo-Plenus’, while ‘Flavo-Plenus’ and ‘Fluffy Ruffle’gave the lowest. Determined shoot growth rate in 7 cultivars by inter-node length and leaf number.It showed ‘Albo-Strip’ is the greatest, then followed by ‘Ruby-Plenus’, ‘Birma’, ‘Kermesinoplens’, ‘Norma’, ‘Flavo-Plenus’ and ‘Fluffy Ruffle’ is the fewest. Single-node 2-4 from ‘Birma’ gave the fastest rooting rate, rooting and survival percentage. The cuttings taken from upper shoot also had better rooting percentage and young rooting percentage than the bottom part of shoot. Short cuttings had better rooting abilities when untreated with rooting promoters, while long cuttings treated with rooting promoters had much better abilities. High fresh weight cuttings had much more stem dry weight, and also had longer root length and more root dry weight. The effect of cutting season on root formation and development was better in summer (July to September), but more root number in fall (October to November).At environmental temperature 25/20℃, ‘Albo-Strip’ cuttings had the fastest rooting rate, the greatest number of root, and the highest rooting percentage. And then at 30/25℃, root development(length and diameter) of cuttings were much better. To common hibiscus the higher temperature is better to rooting, but cutting survival percentage would be down when over 30℃. There was the effect on rooting abilities of cuttings with bottom heat in winter. At 25℃ ‘Albo-Strip’ gave the greatest rooting abilities, but to common hibiscus and ‘Birma’, the higher the better. Rough river sand and coconut fiber were the good rooting media to ‘Albo-Strip’ in automatic misting system. But in this case, the popular media—peat mixed perlite is the worst to rooting. Results indicated that the greatest root number and the longest root length were induced by IBA quick-dip and powder-adhering in 2500mg/L , and NAA powder-adhering in 800mg/L. NAA 1000mg/L quick-dip gave the greatest root number among all treatments, but the root diameter was narrowest. Root fresh weight increased treated with combined of quick-dip 2000 mg/L IBA and 250mg/L NAA. ‘Root inducer’ is office-made product, and combined used with IBA 2000 mg/Kg powder gave more effect than single used of two. Bottom girdling of ‘Flavo-Plenus’ cuttings gave the fastest rooting rate and highest rooting ratio than untreated.
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Faria, Maria João Nepomuceno Pereira Monteiro Palermo de. "Sensory properties and consumer acceptance of novel hibiscus (hibiscus sabdariffa) beverages." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/24177.
Full textAbstract:
As bebidas à base de extratos de hibisco são ricas em ácidos orgânicos, compostos fenólicos e polissacáridos, substâncias com potenciais benefícios para a saúde, sendo tradicionalmente consumidas na Africa Ocidental, na Ásia e na parte sul da América do Norte. A sua divulgação na Europa e dos Estados Unidos tem sido lenta e dirigida sobretudo a nichos de mercado, no entanto, o crescente interesse dos consumidores europeus e norte-americanos em bebidas com ingredientes únicos ou exóticos, com potenciais benefícios para a saúde, criaram recentemente novas oportunidades de mercado para bebidas de hibisco de alta qualidade.
Entre 2010 e 2015, o projeto Europeu African Food Tradition rEvisited by Research (AFTER) investigou a produção, a comercialização e o consumo de bebidas de hibisco (Hibiscus sabdariffa var. sabdariffa ruber) no Senegal e na Europa, com o objetivo de otimizar a sua produção industrial, minimizando a degradação dos compostos fitoquímicos. Pouco se sabia sobre o perfil sensorial destes produtos, na sua forma tradicional ou melhorada e sobre como as mesmas eram avaliadas pelos consumidores, fatores essenciais para o sucesso destes produtos em particular fora dos seus mercados tradicionais. Esta dissertação teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto da otimização dos processos de produção industrial das bebidas de hibisco levadas a cabo pelo projeto AFTER (1) nas propriedades físico-químicas dos produtos resultantes com impacto na qualidade sensorial; (2) no seu perfil sensorial; (3) na perceção e aceitação por parte dos consumidores em mercados tradicionais (Senegal) e potenciais (França, Portugal e Reino Unido).
O uso de cálices de hibisco secos à sombra e triturados das cultivares Vimto e Koor (50:50) e de condições moderadas de tempo e temperatura de extração e pasteurização, deu origem a novas bebidas com uma cor mais intensa e mais vermelha, maior concentração em antocianas monoméricas e polifenois e consequentemente maior capacidade antioxidante do que as bebidas convencionais, maior equilíbrio entre a concentração de açúcares e de ácidos e maior intensidade aromática. O estudo efetuado com consumidores no Senegal (N=150), mostrou que as novas bebidas foram positivamente avaliadas e melhor apreciadas que bebidas convencionais, sem que a perceção do caracter tradicional tenha sido alterada. Três segmentos de consumidores com distintos padrões de aceitação das bebidas foram identificados. A avaliação hedónica foi influenciada por preferências pessoais relativamente à cor, aroma e equilíbrio doçura-acidez, por características sociodemográficas e hábitos de consumo.
Vinte e duas bebidas de hibisco foram avaliadas por painéis de provadores no Senegal e em Portugal. Léxicos em Português, Inglês e Francês contendo 21 descritores definidos, e referenciados foram desenvolvidos. As características distintivas das bebidas de hibisco eram a cor vermelha, o aroma floral (hibisco) e frutado (aronia/arando, ginja e framboesa) e o sabor predominantemente ácido (infusões de hibisco e bebidas preparadas a partir de concentrados) ou doce (bebidas preparadas a partir de xaropes). Eram ainda percetíveis aromas de chá preto, passa de uva, mel e feno, assim como sabor amargo e adstringência. O vocabulário usado por profissionais não-treinados (N=30) e por consumidores foi estudado usando entrevistas semiestruturadas (N=75) e questões Check-all-that-apply (N=490) no Senegal, em França, Portugal e Reino Unido. Léxicos gráficos contendo 27 atributos sensoriais e 15 termos gerais foram desenvolvidos. Diferenças com origem na cultura e familiaridade com o produto foram observadas. A comparação dos perfis sensoriais obtidos com provadores treinados e consumidores permitiu uma melhor compreensão da linguagem destes últimos.
Estudos com consumidores em França, Portugal e Reino Unido (N=403) mostraram padrões similares de aceitação e perceção pelos consumidores. Diferenças importantes foram observadas relativamente ao Senegal. Na generalidade, os consumidores na Europa, gostaram menos das bebidas do que no Senegal, embora avaliações hedónicas médias positivas tenham sido observadas para todas as bebidas. No Senegal os consumidores avaliaram mais favoravelmente uma maior intensidade de cor e maior doçura e de forma mais depreciativa menor acidez. Na Europa e caracter floral e frutado das bebidas constituíram importantes fatores de aceitação das mesmas. Segmentos de consumidores foram identificados. A aceitação e perceção foram influenciadas pela familiaridade com o produto e com produtos com características de algum modo similares na Europa (caso dos sumos de frutos vermelhos); por características sociodemográficas; e por preferências individuais inatas ou culturalmente adquiridas. Foram observadas diferenças entre segmentos de consumidores na Europa relativamente ao perfil sensorial de uma bebida ideal, mas não no Senegal.Hibiscus beverages are rich in organic acids, phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, which have been demonstrated to be linked to important health benefits. They are traditionally consumed in West African countries, in Asia and in the Southern part of the North American continent. In Europe and United States of America, hibiscus beverages have slowly penetrated niche markets. Due to the rising number of health conscious consumers, along with the growing interest of North Americans and Europeans in beverages made from unique or exotic ingredients, new mainstream market opportunities for high quality hibiscus beverages have been recently created. Between 2010 and 2015, the African Food Tradition rEvisited by Research (AFTER) project, investigated the production, trading and consumption of hibiscus beverages made from dried hibiscus (Hibiscus sabdariffa var. sabdariffa ruber) calyx extracts in Senegal and Europe. Key improvements were proposed to increase production process efficiency and minimize degradation of phytochemical compounds. The aims of this thesis encompassed the evaluation of the impact of the reengineering processes held under AFTER project scope (1) in the main chemical-sensory properties of hibiscus beverages; (2) on their sensory profile; (3) on consumer acceptance in traditional markets (Senegal) and potential markets (France, Portugal and United Kingdom). The selection of a blend of shade dried ground hibiscus calyces (Vimto:Koor cultivars 50:50) and the use of mild water extraction and pasteurization conditions, led to the production of beverages with a more intense redder colour, higher monomeric anthocyanin, total phenolic content and higher antioxidant capacity than their conventional counterparts. Colour evaluation by trained panelists was mainly linked to colour density and to anthocyanin/polyphenol content, while flavour assessments were associated to titratable acidity and sugar-to-acid ratio. New beverages presented also a more intense aroma than conventional ones. Results of hedonic assessments held in Senegal (N=150), indicated that all improved beverages were liked by roughly three-quarters of consumers and were better accepted than a traditional one (baseline comparison). Three clusters of consumers with distinct overall liking patterns were identified. Acceptance was driven personal preferences regarding colour intensity, aromatic character, balance between sweetness and acidity but also by gender, age frequency of consumption and education level. Importantly, new beverages were still perceived by consumers as traditional products. Given the scarcity of information about hibiscus beverages sensory profile, sensory lexicons were developed in French, Portuguese and English. Twenty-two samples, including freshly prepared and ready-to-drink infusions, syrups, concentrates and an instant tea, were evaluated by trained panelists, resulting in 21 defined and referenced descriptors, subsequently assembled in a sensory wheel. A distinctive red colour, a floral (hibiscus) and fruity aroma (aronia/cranberry, sour cherry and raspberry) and a predominant acid (in case of infusions and beverages prepared from concentrates) or sweet taste (for beverages prepared from syrups) were the main sensory attributes. Also moderate or low intensities of black tea, honey, raisin and hay odours and of bitter taste and astringency were perceived in all products. The vocabulary used by untrained panelists was also investigated in Europe and Senegal through professional meetings (N=30), consumer focus groups (N=75) and check-all-that-apply questions (N=490), resulting in graphical lexicons with 27 sensory and 15 overall impression terms. Training, food culture and product familiarity influenced results. Trained panelists used precise terms to describe the aromatic profile of hibiscus beverages (e.g., reminiscent of dried hibiscus flowers, with berry, raisin, hay and sweet notes), whereas untrained ones were more prolific in general expressions (e.g., strong in hibiscus in Senegal; floral and fruity in Europe). Consumer studies in France, Portugal, United Kingdom (N=403), showed similar patterns of acceptance and perception for hibiscus beverages in European countries. Positive mean overall liking ratings were observed for all beverages. Major differences were observed relatively to Senegal where consumers favored higher intensities of red colour and sweetness. In Europe fruity and floral character constituted important drivers of liking. Consumer segments were identified. Perception and acceptance was influenced by consumers’ sociodemographic characteristics and by innate and culturally acquired preferences. Besides exposure to product category, also exposure and liking of familiar products, with somewhat similar characteristics to hibiscus beverages (like red fruit beverages), was shown to influence liking in Europe. Differences across consumer segments in the profile of an ideal beverage were observed in Europe but not in Senegal.
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Hua, Chen Chiu, and 陳秋華. "Origin．Source--Linden Hibiscus with Me." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37475831598641737693.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中國文化大學
藝術研究所
96
Below is the summary of the essay: Chapter 1: The preface. It illustrates the motivation, purpose, scope, and the way of research of this essay. Chapter 2: The source of the originality: the tree of remembrance. At the beginning of this chapter, J. Krishnamurti’s viewpoint is quoted to illustrate the importance of the relation between people and the nature; it further explains what a linden hibiscus is, the connection between me and the linden hibiscus. Duplicating the tree that in my childhood is the starting point of finding myself; and research the importance of exploring oneself. Chapter 3: the source of the creation: to learn from ancient. Chinese pictographs that come from the nature world are returned to the image of the nature. The drawing technique and composition of trees in the mural of the Buddha Bunsen story are referred, and imagination is used to re-build the image that in my memory of childhood. Chapter 4: the analysis of personal article. This chapter analyzes and introduces the motivation of the creation, the theme of the article, material, dimension and the idea of the creation. Chapter 5: conclusion: return to the origin and re-move on. It concludes the object of the essay.
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Pfeil, Bernard Eric. "Phylogenetic systematics of Hibiscus and related genera (Malvaceae)." Phd thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151691.
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Liu, Huei-Yi, and 劉惠宜. "Taxonomy on Hibiscus L. (Malvaceae) in Taiwan." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93215215261051002050.
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CENG, YONG-AN, and 曾永安. "Studies on anthocyanins of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)." Thesis, 1991. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08636060472535074270.
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