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1
Zhu, Sihua, Caiyun Yang, Hong Chen, Yongmin Wang, Jieqin Li, Ruixi Zhang, Yu Yang, Cheng Zhang, and Dingyong Wang. "Organic Carbon Controls Mercury Distribution and Storage in the Surface Soils of the Water-Level-Fluctuation Zone in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 4 (February 19, 2023): 3681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043681.
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The particular condition of the water-level-fluctuation zone (WLFZ) in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), the largest hydroelectric reservoir in China, raises great concerns about mercury (Hg) contamination and ecological risk. In addition, previous research found that soil organic carbon (SOC) plays an essential role in controlling Hg distribution and speciation. However, there is minimal information on the Hg storage distribution and their relationships with SOC in the WLFZ in TGR. This study investigated Hg distribution, storage, and their relationships with SOC in the surface soils in WLFZ. The results showed that the total Hg (THg) content in the surface soils ranged from 18.40 to 218.50 ng g−1, with an average value of 78.17 ± 41.92 ng g−1. About 89% of samples had THg content above the background value in Chongqing, showing specific enrichment of Hg in WLFZ due to contamination in the TGR. The surface soils have low SOC, with an average value of 8.10 ± 3.90 g kg−1. Moreover, THg content showed consistent distribution with the SOC in WLFZ, with a significantly positive correlation (R = 0.52, p < 0.01, n = 242). THg storage (201.82 ± 103.46 g ha−1) in the surface soils was also significantly positively correlated with the SOC storage (R = 0.47, p < 0.01, n = 242). The reduced SOC sequestration, due to the periodical alternative “flooding–draining” and frequent reclamation and utilization of WLFZ, decreased the Hg adsorption in soil. Those might result in the re-release of Hg into waters when WLFZ is flooded. Therefore, more attention should be directed towards Hg cycling and the consequent environmental risks in the TGR region.
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Topp, Monique, Lynne Hartley, Michele Cook, Dariush Etemadmoghadam, Laura Galleta, Jan Pyman, Orla McNally, et al. "Targeting therapy based on preclinical analysis of clinical, molecular, and functional characteristics of individual high-grade serous ovarian cancers." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): 5073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.5073.
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5073 Background: Recent molecular exploration of high-grade epithelial ovarian cancer (OC) has revealed potential targets for novel therapy based on altered DNA repair function, deregulated pathways and recurrent amplifications (Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network. 2011. Nature 474). Improved pre-clinical models allowing analysis of specific molecular subsets of ovarian cancer are urgently required to test novel treatment strategies. Methods: We have generated a novel xenograft model of human high-grade serous OC (HG-SOC). Histologic, functional and molecular analysis of the novel xenograft cohort (at baseline and following xenotransplantation) allows stratification of individual HG-SOC for testing with appropriate targeted therapy. We perform functional analysis of in vitro Homologous Recombination (HR) DNA repair and drug response capabilities on fresh human HG-SOC immediately following surgical resection. Molecular classification (similar to Tothill [Clin Canc Res. 2008;14]); analysis of NHEJ pathway (Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2011;108) and other DNA repair genes (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2011;108) is performed. In vivo drug response is studied in murine xenografts. Results: Sixteen chemotherapy-naive potentially HG-SOC samples and associated clinical data have been collected. Functional evidence of DNA repair (HR) capability and response to DNA damaging agents will be presented, including IHC for markers of DNA damage (gH2AX), DNA repair (RAD51AP1) and apoptosis (capsase 3 cleavage). Molecular classification, DNA repair gene and DNA repair pathway analyses are underway. Twelve HG-SOC have been transplanted and 6 of the first 8 have successfully xenografted, with serial transplantation and phenotyping of xenograft derivatives underway. In vivo drug response will be presented. Conclusions: This xenograft model will enable us to address hypotheses generated by recent molecular analyses of human HG-SOC (Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network. 2011. Nature 474; Clin Canc Res. 2008;14). Clinical, functional and molecular annotation will allow pre-clinical drug testing based on the plausible hypothesis approach.
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He, Ling, and Xiuhong Peng. "Content and Bioavailability of Hg in a Soil–Tea Plant System in Anxi Area, Southeast China." Water 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15010179.
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Many studies on the bioavailability of Hg in soil–plant systems have been conducted. However, studies on the soil–tea plant system are still limited. In this study, we collected soil and tea leaf samples from 69 tea gardens in the Anxi area in China. We investigated the Hg contents in tea leaves and soil, and the bioavailability of Hg from soil to tea leaves. The results showed the following: (1) The Hg content in soil was equivalent to the background value in Fujian province and was 2.6–2.9 times higher of the national background value in China. For different geological backgrounds, the Hg contents differed. In addition, we found a negative correlation between the total Hg content and pH value (r = −0.196) and a positive correlation between total Hg and soil organic carbon (SOC) content (r = 0.116) in surface soil. (2) Compared with young leaves, Hg content in older leaves was higher. The transfer factor (TF) of Hg from soil to tea leaves ranged from 0.25% to 24.76%. (3) The correlation between Hg content in tea leaves and total Hg content in soil was not statistically significant. However, we found a statistically significant positive correlation between the Hg content in tea leaves and the extracted amount of Hg both in surface and subsurface soil. The SOC and pH value were also statistically significantly positively correlated with the Hg content in tea leaves. Our findings show that the Hg content in tea leaves does not only depend on the total Hg content in soil: it is also affected by other factors.
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Sakoulas, George, Matthew Geriak, Ravina Kullar, Kris Greenwood, Mackenzie Habib, Anuja Vyas, Mitra Ghafourian, Venkata Naga Kiran Dintyala, and Fadi Haddad. "71. Use of Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy Reduces Progression to Mechanical Ventilation in COVID-19 Patients with Moderate to Severe Hypoxia." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.381.
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Abstract Background The majority of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality occurs in patients who progress to mechanical ventilation. Therefore, therapeutic interventions targeting the mitigation of this complication would markedly improve outcomes and reduce healthcare utilization. Methods Patients with COVID-19 from two hospitals in San Diego, California were randomized at a 1:1 ratio to receive standard of care (SOC) plus intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) at 0.5 g/kg/day x 3 days with solumedrol 40 mg 30 minutes before infusion (IVIG group) versus SOC alone. The primary composite endpoint was receipt of mechanical ventilation or death before receiving ventilation. Patients were followed until discharge to home or up to 30 days from time of enrollment. Results Sixteen patients received IVIG plus SOC and 17 SOC alone. The median age was 54 years for SOC and 57 years for IVIG. Median time from hospital admission to study enrollment was 1 day (range 0–4) for SOC and 2 days (range 0–8) for IVIG. APACHE II scores and Charlson comorbidity indices were similar for IVIG and SOC (median 8 vs 7 and 2 for both, respectively). Seven SOC patients achieved the composite endpoint (6 ventilated, 1 death) versus 2 IVIG patients (2 ventilated), p=0.12, Fisher exact test. Among the subgroup with an estimated A-a gradient of >200 mm Hg at time of enrollment, the IVIG group showed a lower rate of progression to the composite endpoint (2/14 vs 7/12, p=0.04 Fisher exact test), shorter median hospital length (11 vs 24 days, p=0.001 Mann Whitney U), and shorter median intensive care unit (ICU) stay (3 vs 13 days, p=0.005 Mann Whitey U). Conclusion This small, prospective, randomized, open-label study showed that when administered to hypoxic non-ventilated COVID-19 patients with an A-a gradient of >200 mm Hg (corresponding to a requirement of 6 liters O2 via nasal cannula to achieve an SpO2 of 92%), IVIG significantly decreased the rates of progression to mechanical ventilation, ICU length of stay, and total hospital length of stay. A Phase 3 prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial is underway to further validate these findings. Disclosures George Sakoulas, MD, Octapharma (Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator)
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Alemayehu, Denekew, Bhagwan Singh Chandravanshi Chandravanshi, Tesfu Hailu, and Merid Tessema. "Square wave anodic stripping voltammetric determination of Hg(II) with N-p- chlorophenylcinnamohydroxamic acid modified carbon paste electrode." Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia 34, no. 1 (April 24, 2020): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v34i1.3.
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A new method has been developed for the electrochemical determination of Hg(II) with N-p-chlorophenylcinnamohydroxamic acid (CPCHA) modified carbon paste electrode by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). Hg(II) was accumulated on the electrode surface by the formation of the complex in an open circuit and the resulting surface was characterized by electrochemical reduction and stripping. The optimum voltammetric response was observed using a carbon paste composition of 7.5% (w/w) CPCHA and preconcentration time of 210 s in 0.1 M sodium acetate at pH 8 followed by electrochemical SWASV in 0.3 M NH4Cl solution at pH 4 at a reduction potential of -0.6 V. The voltammetric signals were linear in the range of 1-25 µM Hg(II) with a detection limit of 12.9 nM. The voltammetric response for six replicate measurements of 15 µM Hg(II) was reproduced with 3.8% relative standard deviation (RSD). Many coexisting metal ions had little or no effect on the determination of Hg(II). Five spiked samples of water were evaluated by using the developed method giving recoveries of Hg(II) in the range 98-105%.
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2020, 34(1), 25-39.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v34i1.3
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Qu, Rui, and Guilin Han. "The Grain for Green Project May Enrich the Mercury Concentration in a Small Karst Catchment, Southwest China." Land 9, no. 10 (September 25, 2020): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9100354.
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The Chinese project, better known as the Grain for Green Project (GGP), has changed the land-use type in the karst area of Puding county, Guizhou province, southwest China, and this study is aimed at evaluating the Hg distribution and determining factors in soils after the land-use change. A total of ten soil profiles were selected in the typical karst region, and the land-use types were divided into native vegetation land (NVL), farmland (FL), and abandoned farmland (AFL). Total Hg concentration under different land-use types increased in the order: NVL (average 63.26 μg∙kg−1) < FL (average 71.48 μg∙kg−1) < AFL (average 98.22 μg∙kg−1). After agricultural abandonment for four to five years with a cover of native vegetation in the AFL, a higher concentration of Hg compared to the other two land-use types indicate that the Hg accumulation in soil results from vegetation restoration of AFL due to land-use change. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and macro-aggregates were highly correlated to Hg concentration in this study. Macro-aggregates can provide a stable condition for Hg due to the thin regolith and high porosity in the karst region. A high proportion of macro-aggregates can reduce the mobility of Hg in the karst area. Intense tillage can significantly reduce the formation of macro-aggregates in FL, but the macro-aggregates in AFL were recovered as well as those in NVL, resulting in the accumulation of Hg.
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Hao, Xinghai, Juejie Yang, Shikui Dong, Hao Shen, Fengcai He, Yangliu Zhi, Emmanuella A. Kwaku, et al. "Impacts of Short-Term Grazing Intensity on the Plant Diversity and Ecosystem Function of Alpine Steppe on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau." Plants 11, no. 14 (July 21, 2022): 1889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11141889.
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Livestock grazing is the primary land use of grasslands worldwide. Grazing has been asserted to alter grassland ecosystem functions, such as productivity, nutrient cycling, and biodiversity conservation. However, few studies have focused on the impact of grazing intensity on the ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) of alpine grasslands. We conducted a field experiment of manipulating sheep grazing intensity effects on alpine steppe by surveying plant community characteristics and ecosystem functions. Our results showed that plant community composition was altered with increasing grazing intensity, and the dominant species shifted from grasses and sedges to forbs. EMF was the highest under no grazing (CK) and the lowest under heavy grazing (HG), but there was insignificant difference between CK and HG. HG significantly decreased some indicators that reflected nutrient cycling functions, such as soil available nitrogen, plant leaf nitrogen (PN) and phosphorus content (PP). Furthermore, plant diversity had strong correlations with SOC, total nitrogen (TN), and PN. The results could provide scientific bases for biodiversity conservation and sustainable grazing management of alpine steppe.
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Farley, John H., William E. Brady, Michael J. Birrer, David Marc Gershenson, and Gini F. Fleming. "An evaluation of survival of ovarian cancer patients with clear cell carcinoma versus serous carcinoma treated with platinum therapy: A Gynecologic Oncology Group experience." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): 5534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.5534.
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5534 Background: We examined disparities in prognosis between patients with ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) and serous epithelial ovarian cancer (SOC). Methods: Data from stage I-IV epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients who participated in 12 randomized GOG protocols using platinum-based chemotherapy were reviewed. Proportional hazards models adjusted for age and stratified by protocol, treatment arm, stage, performance status (PS), and race were used to compare progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) by cell type (clear cell versus serous). Results: There were 10,803 patients enrolled, 1272 were not eligible: leaving 9,531, of whom 544 (6%) had OCCC, 7,054 (74%) had SOC, and 1,933 (20%) had other; only the OCCC and SOC are considered here. OCCC were significantly younger, more often of Asian race, stage I, good PS, and optimally surgically debulked than SOC patients. Prior to adjustment, OCCC had better PFS and OS due to better prognostic factors. There was no significant difference in PFS or OS for early stage OCCC patients compared to high-grade (HG) SOC patients. For late stage patients, OCCC had poorer PFS and OS compared to SOC, OS HR= 1.66 (1.43, 1.91; p < 0.001). For both optimal, HR = 1.34 (1.10, 1.63; p = 0.003) and suboptimal, HR = 3.18 (2.13, 4.75; p < 0.001) OCCC had a significantly poorer OS than SOC. After adjusting for age and stratified by protocol and treatment arm, stage, performance status, and race, OCCC had a significantly decreased OS, HR= 1.53 (1.33,1.76; p < 0.001). In early stage cases, there was a significantly decreased treatment effect on PFS for consolidative therapy with weekly taxol versus observation in SOC compared to OCCC (p = 0.048). Conclusions: This is one of the largest analyses to date of OCCC treated in a uniform manner . OCCC patients have better PFS and OS compared to SOC; this, is due to their better prognostic factors. There was no observed difference in PFS or OS for early stage OCCC versus HGSOC. In late-stage patients, OCCC was significantly associated with decreased OS which was true for both optimal and suboptimally debulked patients. Finally, treatment effect was influenced by histology.
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Wang, Z., D. A. Johnson, and Y. Rong. "Grazing effects on soil characteristics and vegetation of grassland in northern China." Solid Earth Discussions 7, no. 3 (August 14, 2015): 2283–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sed-7-2283-2015.
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Abstract. Large areas of grassland in the agro-pastoral region of northern China were converted into cropland for grain production, and the remaining grasslands are being overgrazed and seriously degraded. The objective of this study was to evaluate how reductions in grazing intensity affect the soil and vegetation characteristics in grasslands of northern China. Soil heterogeneity and vegetation characteristics were evaluated for ungrazed (UG), moderate grazing (MG), and heavy grazing (HG) sites. Grazing increased diversity, but heavy grazing decreased aboveground biomass and increased the non-grass component. Vegetation biomass was greatest at the UG site (220 g m−2) followed by the MG (99 g m−2) and HG (27 g m−2) sites (P < 0.05). The non-grass proportion of total biomass increased with grazing intensity, which was 8, 16, and 48 % for UG, MG, and HG sites, respectively. Species richness at the MG and HG sites was significantly higher than at the UG site (P < 0.05) with 3.6, 5.5, and 5.7 for UG, MG, and HG sites, respectively. Over grazing homogenized soil characteristics at a 10 m scale. The ranges of spatial autocorrelation for soil organic C (SOC) and total N were both > 120 m at the HG site, which was considerably larger than that at the MG and UG sites with corresponding distances of 17.3 and 20.8 m for the MG site and 25.8 and 15.0 m for the UG site, respectively. Therefore, MG was recommended as the preferred management alternative for grasslands in northern China because of increased plant diversity without negative consequences related to decreased forage quality and forage quantity, and soil heterogeneity in northern China's grasslands.
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Uttarwar, Lalita, Bo Gao, Alistair J. Ingram, and Joan C. Krepinsky. "SREBP-1 activation by glucose mediates TGF-β upregulation in mesangial cells." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 302, no. 3 (February 1, 2012): F329—F341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00136.2011.
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Glomerular matrix accumulation is a hallmark of diabetic nephropathy. Recent studies showed that overexpression of the transcription factor sterol-responsive element-binding protein (SREBP)-1 induces pathology reminiscent of diabetic nephropathy, and SREBP-1 upregulation was observed in diabetic kidneys. We thus studied whether SREBP-1 is activated by high glucose (HG) and mediates its profibrogenic responses. In primary rat mesangial cells, HG activated SREBP-1 by 30 min, seen by the appearance of its cleaved nuclear form (nSREBP-1), EMSA, and by activation of an SREBP-1 response element (SRE)-driven green fluorescent protein construct. Activation was dose dependent and not induced by an osmotic control. Site 1 protease was required, since its inhibition by AEBSF prevented SREBP-1 activation. SCAP, the ER-associated chaperone for SREBP-1, was also necessary since its inhibitor fatostatin also blocked SREBP-1 activation. Signaling through the EGFR/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, which we previously showed mediates HG-induced TGF-β1 upregulation, and through RhoA, were upstream of SREBP-1 activation (Wu D, Peng F, Zhang B, Ingram AJ, Gao B, Krepinsky JC. Diabetologia 50: 2008–2018, 2007; Wu D, Peng F, Zhang B, Ingram AJ, Kelly DJ, Gilbert RE, Gao B, Krepinsky JC. J Am Soc Nephrol 20: 554–566, 2009). Fatostatin and AEBSF prevented HG-induced TGF-β1 upregulation by Northern blot analysis, and HG-induced TGF-β1 promoter activation was inhibited by both fatostatin and dominant negative SREBP-1a. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis confirmed that HG led to SREBP-1 binding to the TGF-β1 promoter in a region containing a putative SREBP-1 binding site (SRE). Thus HG-induced SREBP-1 activation requires EGFR/PI3K/RhoA signaling and SCAP-mediated transport to the Golgi for its proteolytic cleavage. Activated SREBP-1 binds to the TGF-β promoter, resulting in TGF-β1 upregulation in response to HG. SREBP-1 thus provides a potential novel therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
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Wang, Z., D. A. Johnson, Y. Rong, and K. Wang. "Grazing effects on soil characteristics and vegetation of grassland in northern China." Solid Earth 7, no. 1 (January 15, 2016): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-7-55-2016.
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Abstract. Large areas of grassland in the agro-pastoral region of northern China were converted into cropland for grain production, and the remaining grasslands are being overgrazed and seriously degraded. The objective of this study was to evaluate how reductions in grazing intensity affect the soil and vegetation characteristics in grasslands of northern China. Soil heterogeneity and vegetation characteristics were evaluated for ungrazed (UG), moderate grazing (MG), and heavy grazing (HG) sites. Grazing increased diversity, but heavy grazing decreased aboveground biomass and increased the non-grass component. The non-grass proportion of total biomass increased with grazing intensity, which was 8, 16 and 48 % for UG, MG and HG sites, respectively. Species richness at the MG and HG sites was significantly higher than at the UG site (P< 0.05) with 3.6, 5.5 and 5.7 for UG, MG and HG sites, respectively. Strong spatial dependence of the examined soil properties at 10 m scale for all grazed sites was revealed by the ratio of nugget to total variation (0–23 %). Overgrazing homogenized soil characteristics at a 10 m scale. The ranges of spatial autocorrelation for soil organic C (SOC) and total N were both > 120 m at the HG site, which was considerably larger than that at the MG and UG sites with corresponding distances of 17.3 and 20.8 m for the MG site and 8.6 and 15.0 m for the UG site, respectively. The sampling density and sampling space for the HG site could be decreased under this scale sampling interval (10 m). Therefore, MG was recommended as the preferred management alternative for grasslands in northern China because of increased plant diversity without negative consequences related to decreased forage quality, forage quantity and soil heterogeneity for the investigated soil properties in northern China's grasslands.
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P. Onyedinma, U., Siddhant, E. C. Nwaru, P. O. Chukwu, A. B. Ajong, and F. Dehmchi. "Evaluation of risk caused by intake of trace metal through consumption of Pleurotus tuber-regium collected around automobile village in Abia State." Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia 35, no. 2 (October 24, 2021): 229–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v35i2.2.
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ABSTRACT. The bioaccumulation of trace metals in mushrooms poses a health risk to consumers. Despite the fact that mushroom eating has been linked to numerous health advantages, little attention has been paid to the relative health risks associated with trace metal build-up in this nutritional source in Nigeria. Pb, Cd, Fe, Hg and As in Pleurotus tuber-regium collected from mechanic workshops in Umuahia were analysed and the associated health risks for the consumers were evaluated. The trace metal contents in the mushroom and its substrates showed a descending order of Fe > Pb > Cd > As > Hg. The heavy metals concentration ranges in fruity body of the Pleurotus tuber-regium were Fe (62.16-98.17 mg kg-1), Pb (0.18-1.21 mg kg-1), Cd (0.05-0.34 mg kg-1), As (0.25-0.51 mg kg-1) and Hg (0.009-0.021 mg kg-1). The estimation of weekly intake values was lower than PTWIs of mushroom species except for Fe. According to the THQ and the HI calculations for trace metal contents in the mushrooms, mercury did not pose any risk on human health; whereas the other determined trace metals gave THQ values of 1 < THQ < 10 and showed the possibility of long-term risk.
KEY WORDS: Trace metals. Mushroom, Estimated weekly intake, Target hazard quotient, Bioaccumulation
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2021, 35(2), 229-241.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v35i2.2
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Liu, Yanmei, Hangyu Yang, Zisheng Xing, Yali Zou, and Zheming Cui. "Vegetation Degradation of Guanshan Grassland Suppresses the Microbial Biomass and Activity of Soil." Land 10, no. 2 (February 17, 2021): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10020203.
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Changes in vegetation influence the function of grassland ecosystems. A degradation of the vegetation type has been found from high to low altitudes in Guanshan grassland in the order of forest grassland (FG) < shrub grassland (SG) < herb grassland (HG). However, there is poor information regarding the effect of vegetation degradation on soil microbes in Guanshan grassland. Therefore, our study evaluated the impact of vegetation degradation on the microbial parameters of soil, as well as the mechanisms responsible for these variations. Soils were sampled from 0 to 30 cm under the FG, SG, and HG in Guanshan grassland for determining the microbial biomass, enzymatic activities, basal respiration (BR), and metabolic quotient (qCO2) in April and July 2017. The results showed that vegetation types are important factors that obviously influence the above-mentioned soil microbial properties. The FG and SG had significantly higher soil microbial biomass, enzymatic activities, and BR than those of the HG, but markedly lower qCO2 (p < 0.05). Soil pH, available nitrogen (AN), organic carbon (SOC), total phosphorus (TP), available P (AP), and total N (TN) were key factors in the decline in the soil microbial biomass and microbial activities of the degraded vegetation. Moreover, slope aspects also affected the soil microbial properties, with the east slope having higher soil microbial biomass, enzymatic activities, and BR and lower qCO2 than the west slope. Conclusively, vegetation degradation has led to a decline in the soil microbial biomass and microbial activities, indicating the degradation of the Guanshan grassland ecosystem.
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Nuralykyzy, Bayan, Pan Wang, Xiaoqian Deng, Shaoshan An, and Yimei Huang. "Heavy Metal Contents and Assessment of Soil Contamination in Different Land-Use Types in the Qaidam Basin." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (October 30, 2021): 12020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132112020.
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Due to the unique geographical location and rapid development in the agricultural industry, heavy metals’ risk of soil contamination in the Qaidam Basin is gradually increasing. The following study was conducted to determine the soil heavy metal contents under different types of land use, contamination levels, and the physicochemical properties of soil. Soil samples were collected from facility lands, orchards, farmlands, and grasslands at 0–10 and 10–20 cm soil layers. Heavy metals including copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and mercury (Hg) were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and the soil was evaluated with different methods. Overall, the average Cu (25.07 mg/kg), Cr (45.67 mg/kg), Ni (25.56 mg/kg), Zn (71.24 mg/kg), Pb (14.19 mg/kg), Cd (0.17 mg/kg), As (12.54 mg/kg), and Hg (0.05 mg/kg) were lower than the environmental quality standard. However, the Cu, Cr, Ni, and As were highest in farmland, and Zn and Hg were highest in the facility land. The Pb content was highest in orchards, and the Cd content was the same in facility land, orchards, and farmland. Among the different land-use types, the soil heavy metal concentrations decreased in the order of facility land > farmland > grassland > orchards. The pH was alkaline, the content of SOC (soil organic carbon) 15.76 g/kg in grassland, TN (total nitrogen) 1.43 g/kg, and TP (total phosphorus) 0.97 g/kg in facility land showed the highest result. The soil BD (bulk density) had a significant positive correlation with Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cd, and the TP positively correlated with Cu, Zn, Cd, and Hg. The soil evaluation results of the comprehensive pollution index indicated that the soil was in a clean condition. The index of potential environmental risk indicates that heavy metals are slightly harmful to the soil.
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Wang, Jinlan, Wen Li, Wenxia Cao, and Shilin Wang. "Effects of different intensities of long-term grazing on plant diversity, biomass and carbon stock in alpine shrubland on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau." PeerJ 10 (January 12, 2022): e12771. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12771.
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Grazing is the main grassland management strategy applied in alpine shrubland ecosystems on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. However, how different intensities of long-term grazing affect plant diversity, biomass accumulation and carbon (C) stock in these ecosystems is poorly understood. In this study, alpine shrubland with different long-term (more than 30 years) grazing intensities (excluded from grazing for 5 years (EX), light grazing (LG), moderate grazing (MG) and heavy grazing (HG)) on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were selected to study changes in plant diversity, aboveground biomass and C accumulation, as well as distribution of C stock among biomass components and soil depths. A structural equation model was used to illustrate the impact of grazing on the soil carbon stock (SOC). The results showed that the Shannon–Wiener diversity index and richness index of herbaceous plants, shrubs, and communities first significantly increased and then decreased with increasing grazing intensity, reaching maxima at the LG site. The aboveground and belowground and litter biomass of understory herbaceous plants, shrubs and communities decreased with increasing grazing intensity, reaching maxima at the EX site. The aboveground and belowground biomass C storage decreased with increasing grazing intensity, reaching maxima at the EX site. The SOC stock and total ecosystem C stock decreased with increasing grazing intensity, reaching maxima at the EX and LG sites. A structural equation model showed that grazing-induced changes in the belowground biomass of understory herbaceous plants greatly contributed to the SOC stock decrease. Thus, considering the utilization and renewal of grassland resources, as well as local economic benefits and ecological effects, LG may be a more rational grazing intensity for species diversity conservation and ecosystem C sequestration in alpine shrubland. Our results provide new insights for incorporating grazing intensity into shrub ecosystem C stock and optimizing grazing management and grassland ecosystem C management.
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Taksande, A., A. Jadhav, and J. Vagha. "Comparison Between Automated and Manual Sphygmomanometer for Measuring Blood Pressure in Children." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 35, no. 1 (October 8, 2015): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v35i1.11568.
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Introduction: The mercury sphygmomanometer has been the gold standard used for obtaining blood pressure (BP). However, due to environmental concerns and more use of automated BP devices, an alternative to using the standard mercury sphygmomanometer to measure BP. The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of the Automated (Omron) BP device against the mercury sphygmomanometer in children.Material and Methods: One hundred children were enrolled in this study. The accuracy of Omron HEM–7121 BP readings was compared with that of mercury BP device readings. Each children had four BP measurements recorded sequentially i.e. two valid systolic readings, and two valid diastolic readings.Results: BP taken with the automated device was systolic 109.77 ± 9.97 and diastolic 74.50 ± 8.32 mm Hg compared to systolic 112.68 ± 9.98 and diastolic 77.38 ± 7.91 mm Hg measured by manual mercury sphygmomanometer BP readings (p<0.001). Automated and mercury BP measurements were correlated (r = 0.89, systolic BP; r = 0.82, diastolic BP). Linear regression analysis showed that the automated systolic BP is a significant predictor (? = 0.897, p < 0.001) of manual systolic BP. Similarly, automated diastolic BP was also a significant predictor (? = 0.829, p< 0.001) of manual diastolic BP.Conclusion: This study concludes that the automated BP device is reliable and accurate for measuring the BP in children.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2015;35(1):13-17
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Chawla, Garima, Baljeet Maini, and Anand Kumar Bhardwaj. "Relationship Between Non-Invasive Blood Pressure (NIBP), on First Day of Life with Birth Weight." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 35, no. 2 (January 20, 2016): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v35i2.12911.
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Introduction: India faces lot of neonatal morbidity. Non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) monitoring is being used for monitoring sick new borns as a safe and cost effective method of blood pressure monitoring. But there is no available information on normal values of NIBP for neonates in India. With more stress of government (and advancement) in new born care, establishing normative data of NIBP in Indian newborns should be high priority. Material and Methods: This was an observational cohort study done in a level III neonatal intensive care unit. 164 clinically stable babies on day 1 of life were included. Blood pressure was measured by the Oscillometric method.Results: Progressive increase of blood pressure was seen with increasing birth weight. 10th, 50th, 75th, 95th Centile curves were drawn from available data. For very low birth weight babies (< 1500grams), the values of systolic, diastolic and mean BP (±2standard deviations (S.D.)) were found to be 53.7 ± 1.7, 29.1 ± 1.7 and 41 ± 1.1 mm Hg respectively. For low birth weight babies, i.e. with birth weight 1500-2499 grams, the values for systolic, diastolic and mean BP(±2 S.D.) were 62.2 ± 2.5, 34.8 ± 2.4 and 46.6 ± 2.4 mm Hg respectively. For normal weight babies (more than 2499 grams), the systolic, diastolic and mean BP (±2 S.D.) were 72.8 ± 4.2, 43 ± 4 and 55.3± 4 mm Hg respectively. The rise in systolic blood pressure with rising birth weight was highly significant (p <0.001). Similar were the results for diastolic and mean BPs, (p<0.001 for both),Conclusion: Blood pressure on day 1 of life appears to be directly related to birth weight. The effect is seen in all (i.e. systolic, diastolic and mean) blood pressure values.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2015;35(2):141-146
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Qin, Yuanli, Fugui Zhang, Shandong Xue, Tao Ma, and Linsong Yu. "Heavy Metal Pollution and Source Contributions in Agricultural Soils Developed from Karst Landform in the Southwestern Region of China." Toxics 10, no. 10 (September 27, 2022): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10100568.
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Heavy metal pollution of soil in agricultural areas is the most prominent environmental pollution problem in China, seriously affecting human health and food security. It has become one of the environmental problems to which all sectors of society attach great importance. Soil heavy metals in the weathering area of hazardous geological bodies in southwest China have naturally high background attributes. Therefore, ecological risk assessment and analysis of potential sources of soil heavy metals in southwest China is of great significance for soil health management, soil heavy metal pollution control and territorial spatial planning. In this study, we collected 787 soil samples (0–20 cm) in Xuanwei County in China and analyzed the concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn in soils. Igeo, RI, HI and CR were used to calculate the pollution levels, ecological risks and human health risks. Additionally, the PMF model and one-way ANOVA were used to identify the potential sources and discuss the factors affecting the enrichment of heavy metals. The results showed that the mean contents of the surface soils were 1.190 (Cd), 139.4 (Cr), 96.74 (Cu), 0.081 (Hg), 56.97 (Ni), 46.66 (Pb) and 130.1 (Zn) mg/kg. All heavy metals exceeded the background values of the A layer soil in Yunnan Province. The Igeo showed that Cd was the most hazardous element in the study area, followed by Cu, Cr, As, Ni and Pb. The RI showed that low ecological risks, moderate ecological risks, considerable ecological risks and strong ecological risks accounted for 3.81%, 55.27%, 37.74% and 3.18%, respectively, of the total samples, and Cd was the main dominant element. The HI values of the As element in children were greater than 1, indicating a non-carcinogenic risk, and other elements’ risks were acceptable. The CR values of Cr and Ni were higher than their limits (1 × 10−4), and both had carcinogenic risks in children and adults, as did As in children. According to the PMF model, four heavy metals sources were identified: geological sources (32%), sources from mining activities (19.38%), atmospheric deposition sources (17.57%) and agricultural sources (31.05%). Thereinto, As and Pb were mainly derived from agricultural sources, Cd and Cr were mainly associated with geological sources, Cu was largely from mining activity sources, Hg was mainly from atmospheric deposition sources and Ni and Zn were mainly from geological sources, mining activities and agricultural activities. The parent material has a significant influence on the enrichment of heavy metals in the soil, and the heavy metals are significantly enriched in the carbonate parent material and quaternary parent material. Topography also plays a role in heavy metal accumulation; Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn gradually decreased with the increase in altitude, and As and Pb increased with the increase in altitude. Mn-oxide played a crucial part in the enrichment of Cu and Zn, while SOC, K2O and pH had little influence on the accumulation of heavy metals.
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Magnussen, Olaf M. "(Invited) Atomic-Scale Aspects of Nucleation and Growth at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 23 (July 7, 2022): 1152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01231152mtgabs.
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Interfaces between liquid metals and liquid electrolytes, in particular the liquid Hg - electrolyte interface, have played a key role in the development of the theory of the electrical double layer and electrochemical adsorption. More recently, liquid-liquid interfaces have regained interest in the field of material synthesis. Unlike solid interfaces, where strain and stress, heterogeneities, and defects strongly influence growth processes, fluid systems provide soft, defect- and stress-free interfaces. In addition, the growth process profits from the high mobility of atoms, molecules, and particles in both liquids, which allows growth from both sides of the phase boundary. A large variety of metallic and non-metallic nanomaterials has been prepared via electrochemical and electroless deposition at such liquid-liquid interfaces. As demonstrated by Maldonado and coworkers, electrodeposition at liquid metal electrodes even allows the growth of nanostructured crystalline semiconductors via a simple one-step, room-temperature electrochemical process [1]. Understanding of the fundamental processes in nucleation and growth at liquid-liquid interfaces is hampered by difficulties in studying these interfaces experimentally on the atomic scale. Most surface-sensitive techniques, especially also scanning probe microscopy methods, cannot access these fluidic phase boundaries. For this reason, the majority of studies relies on electrochemical measurements, optical microscopy, and ex situ investigation of the deposit and thus provide little insight on the initial steps of the growth process. We have shown in the past that hard X-ray scattering methods, such as X-ray reflectivity (XRR) and grazing incidence X-ray scattering (GIXS), are unique tools for determining the atomic liquid-liquid interface structure. In this talk, we present case studies of electrochemically induced growth at liquid interfaces from the first monolayer up to several ten nanometer thick films. The first part discusses the growth of ionic compounds, using lead halides on Hg electrodes as an example. In PbBr2 containing NaF we observed previously growth of a PbBrF layer by operando X-ray scattering. This growth exhibited a complex nucleation and growth behavior, involving a crystalline precursor layer prior to 3D crystal growth [2]. The well-defined subnanometer thick precursor layer provided a template for the subsequent quasi-epitaxial growth of oriented 3D crystallites. Detailed studies on the potential-dependent nucleation and growth kinetics revealed with increasing overpotential a crossover from a low surface density film of large crystals to a compact PbBrF deposit with a saturation thickness of 25 nm [3,4]. In addition, growth on the liquid substrate was found to involve micromechanical effects, such as crystal reorientation and film breakup during dissolution. More recently, we extended these studies to growth in solutions containing only one type of halide anion (Br, Cl, or F). Also here, the formation of precursor layers was observed, indicating that this growth behavior is a general phenomenon. In the second part, joint X-ray scattering studies with Maldonado and coworkers on the electrochemical liquid-liquid-solid deposition of semiconductors from aqueous electrolyte are presented, focusing on Ge electrodeposition on Hg and HgxIn1-x alloy electrodes [5]. We provide evidence for the adsorption of GeO3 - anions on the liquid metal surface and the formation of a crystalline GeO2 adlayer at the positive end of the double layer region. Ge electrodeposition results in nanocrystals, which are separated from the Hg electrode by a water cushion. Furthermore, pronounced Hg surface segregation is found in HgxIn1-x, which protects the electrode surface from oxidation in the potential regime of Ge deposition. [1] Carim, A. I., Collins, S. M., Foley, J. M. & Maldonado, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 13292 (2011) [2] A. Elsen, S. Festersen, B. Runge, C.T. Koops, B. M. Ocko, M. Deutsch, O. Seeck, B. M. Murphy, O. M. Magnussen, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 110, 6663 (2013) [3] B.M. Murphy, S. Festersen, O.M. Magnussen, Nanoscale, 8, 13859 (2016) [4] S. Festersen, B. Runge, C. Koops, F. Bertram, B.M. Ocko, M. Deutsch, B.M. Murphy, O.M. Magnussen, Langmuir, 36, 10905 (2020) [5] D. Pattadar, Q. Cheek, A. Satori, Y. Zhao, P.R. Giri, B. Murphy, O.M. Magnussen, S. Maldonado, Cryst. Growth Des., 21, 1645 (2021)
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Lu, Qi, Hongbin Ma, Yao Zhou, Roberto Calvelo-Pereira, and Yan Shen. "Caragana korshinskii Kom. plantation reduced soil aggregate stability and aggregate-associated organic carbon on desert steppe." PeerJ 10 (February 16, 2022): e12507. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12507.
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Background After implementing of the “Grain-for-Green” project, Caragana korshinskii Kom. has been widely planted in China’s arid regions. Although natural restoration grassland and artificial Caragana plantations measures have long been focuses in carbon research, the combined influence of natural restoration grassland and artificial Caragana plantation measures on aggregate stability and the aggregate-associated organic carbon (OC) remains unclear. Method We selected natural grassland (NG) and three different densities of Caragana plantations (high planting density, HG; middle planting density, MD; low planting density, LD) on desert steppe. The soil aggregate distribution and stability index such as fractal dimension (D), mean weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GMD), percentage of aggregation destruction (PAD), as well as aggregate-associated OC concentration and stock were measured. Results Results shows that the soil aggregates were primarily macroaggregates (>2 mm) and mesoaggregates (0.25–2 mm) under dry sieving while microaggregates (<0.25 mm) were preponderant under wet sieving (more than 57%). Overall, compared with Caragana plantations, the MWD (4.43 and 4.51 mm) and GMD (1.72 and 1.83 mm) were both highest in two soil layers under the NG and the D (2.77 and 2.71) was lowest. Compared with the NG, the aggregate-associated OC stocks in the 0–40 cm depths in the LD, MD, and HD decreased by 41.54%, 46.93%, and 42.03%, respectively. SOC stock was mainly concentrated in the soil aggregate with sizes of >2 mm and <0.25 mm. These results suggested that natural grassland restoration measures could improve the soil aggregate stability and aggregate-associated OC concentration better than Caragana plantation restoration measures, which NG may be optimal for increasing carbon sequestration and stabilizing soil aggregates on desert steppe.
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Valent, Jason, Jeffrey A. Zonder, Michaela Liedtke, John Silowsky, Michael R. Kurman, Eileen Daniel, Janet Jobes, et al. "Safety and Tolerability of Cael-101 in Combination with Anti-Plasma Cell Dyscrasia Therapy in Patients with AL Amyloidosis: 1-Year Results from an Open-Label Phase 2 Trial." Blood 138, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2021): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-153636.
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Abstract Background: AL amyloidosis, a rare, severe, progressive, systemic disorder caused by plasma cell dyscrasia (PCD), results in insoluble immunoglobulin light chain amyloid fibrils depositing in organs and causing significant dysfunction, morbidity, and mortality. Most patients receive anti-PCD therapy as standard of care (SOC) to suppress plasma cell proliferation and arrest the generation and deposition of new amyloid fibrils. At present, no approved therapies exist that target fibrils already deposited. CAEL-101, a monoclonal antibody, binds to amyloid light chain fibrils and promotes removal from tissues. In this Phase 2 trial, patients were treated with doses up to 1000 mg/m 2, combined with SOC, demonstrating this dose was well tolerated and appropriate for Phase 3. Aim: Evaluate long-term safety and tolerability of CAEL-101, administered with SOC in AL amyloidosis. Methods: Adult patients with confirmed AL amyloidosis diagnosis (Mayo Stages I, II, IIIa), 6-month minimum life expectancy, and measurable hematologic disease were eligible for this ongoing, open-label, phase 2 study (NCT04304144). Patients with other forms of amyloidosis, multiple myeloma, supine systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg, or symptomatic orthostatic hypotension were excluded. All patients received CAEL-101 1000mg/m 2 every other week with SOC anti-PCD therapy until investigator decided anti-PCD was no longer needed (Figure). Safety assessments included treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), clinical laboratory tests, electrocardiograms, vital signs, and physical examinations. Pharmacokinetic endpoints included maximum serum concentration (C max) and minimum serum concentration of CAEL-101 prior to next dose (C trough). Exploratory endpoints included biomarkers for cardiac function (cardiac troponin T [cTnT] and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide [NT-proBNP]), and renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria). Results: The 25 patients averaged 65.2 years (range 47 to 80), with the majority male (72.0%). Mayo Stages I (8.0%), II (76.0%), and IIIa (16.0%) reflected the wide range of disease severity in enrolled patients ; 19 (76.0%) presented with cardiac involvement, 8 (32.0%) with renal involvement, and 20 (80.0%) had received prior anti-PCD therapy. Twenty-four (96.0%) patients experienced TEAEs, but only 6 (24.0%) experienced a possibly treatment related TEAE (Table). Eight (32.0%) patients experienced at least 1 Grade ≥3 TEAE and 7 (28.0%) experienced at least 1 serious adverse event. There were 3 (12.0%) discontinuations; 1 death due to septic pneumonia (investigator determined not related to CAEL-101), one heart transplant, and one patient who withdrew consent. Most common TEAEs included nausea (9 [36.0%]], constipation (8 [32.0%]), and diarrhea, fatigue, or rash (7 [28.0%] each). Addition of daratumumab (n = 12) to the anti-PCD combination treatment of cyclophosphamide-bortezomib-dexamethasone (CyBorD) did not alter the pharmacokinetic or tolerability profile of CAEL-101. Of the 19 current cardiac evaluable patients (baseline NT-proBNP ≥332 ng/L and ≥1 post-first-dose NT-proBNP value), 15 (78.9%) have responded (≥ 30% NT-proBNP decrease from baseline) or are stable on CAEL-101 therapy. Renal evaluable patients, as determined by Investigator at a single site, showed a similar proteinuria response. Discussion: This ongoing trial is evaluating the long-term safety and tolerability of CAEL-101 administered with anti-PCD SOC as a treatment to reduce amyloid burden in patients with cardiac AL amyloidosis. CAEL-101 was well tolerated when administered with anti-PCD therapy. Most TEAEs observed were mild to moderate in severity and did not require intervention. There were no meaningful differences in tolerability or exposure to CAEL-101 when daratumumab was added to the anti-PCD regimen. Improvements in cardiac and renal response biomarkers were observed in most patients presenting with cardiac or renal involvement, respectively, at study entry. Conclusion: After approximately 1-year, CAEL-101, as part of an AL amyloidosis treatment strategy, demonstrates to be well tolerated. This updated report confirms previous findings for the use of CAEL-101 in combination with anti-PCD. A Phase 3 clinical program is ongoing to further elucidate the efficacy and safety of CAEL-101. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Valent: Takeda Pharmaceuticals: Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Speakers Bureau; Caelum Biosciences: Other: Clinical Trial Funding; Celgene Corporation: Speakers Bureau. Zonder: Caelum Biosciences: Consultancy; Regeneron: Consultancy; Intellia: Consultancy; Amgen: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy; Takeda: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Alnylam: Consultancy; BMS: Consultancy, Research Funding. Liedtke: Sanofi: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Kura Oncology: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pfizer: Honoraria; Oncopeptides: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; GlaxoSmithKline: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Karyopharm: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Kite: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Caelum: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Clinical Trial Funding; Bristol Myers Squibb: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Alnylam: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Silowsky: Caelum Biosciences: Current Employment. Kurman: Caelum Biosciences: Other: Medical Monitor. Daniel: Caelum Biosciences: Current Employment. Jobes: Caelum Biosciences: Current Employment. Harnett: Caelum Biosciences: Current Employment. Raviwong: Caelum Biosciences: Current Employment. Spector: Caelum Biosciences: Current Employment. Sobolov: Caelum Biosciences: Current Employment.
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Castillo, Ezer, and Nikolay Dimitrov. "Electrodeposition of Cu-Zn and Cu-Mn Films As Precursors for Nanoporous Copper Synthesis." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 22 (July 7, 2022): 1118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01221118mtgabs.
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An all-electrochemical approach for the synthesis of fine-structured nanoporous copper (np-Cu) films has been developed which involves the initial electrodeposition of Cu-containing alloys followed by a selective dissolution or dealloying of the less noble metal via anodization. This process leaves a nanoporous, three-dimensional spongy structure. Among these alloys are Cu-Zn and Cu-Mn that are commonly used as protective and decorative coatings. These types of coatings are typically rich in Cu; however, precursor alloys for dealloying purposes must contain high atomic percentages (at%) of the less noble metal. Here, we present the controlled electrodeposition of Cu-Zn and Cu-Mn alloys with Zn and Mn contents of ≥ 60 at% and ≥ 70 at%, respectively, as precursors for np-Cu synthesis. The co-electrodeposition of Cu-Zn and Cu-Mn alloys were achieved in baths containing pyrophosphate and ammonium sulfate, respectively. These electrolytes serve as a source of ligands that form complexes with Cu (i.e. [Cu(P2O7)]2- and [Cu(NH3) n ]2+). The use of the complexing agent is necessary to shift the reduction potential of Cu2+ negatively towards that of Zn2+ or Mn2+, thereby decreasing the large deposition potential difference between the two respective metals. The complexation of Cu in either bath was confirmed by voltammetric and spectroscopic studies. A systematic potentiostatic electrodeposition study revealed that the optimal plating potential for Cu-Zn is at -2.0 V vs. Hg/HgSO4 with an efficiency of 63–73%. At this potential, the alloy composition is tunable by adjusting the respective percent compositions of the Cu2+ and Zn2+ salts in the deposition bath, thereby producing highly crystalline, Zn-rich alloys that are suitable for dealloying purposes (1). For Cu-Mn, galvanostatic deposition at current densities of 100–200 mA⋅cm-2 gave crystalline deposits with low plating efficiencies (<30%) due to the concurrent hydrogen evolution reaction. Nonetheless, Mn-rich alloys were obtained by also varying the concentration ratio of the Cu2+ and Mn2+ salts in the ammine bath (2). The optimization of the Cu-Zn and Cu-Mn alloy plating parameters and conditions including the structural and compositional characterization will be discussed in detail. References: Castillo and N. Dimitrov, “Electrodeposition of Zn-Rich CuxZn(1-x) Films with Controlled Composition and Morphology” J. Electrochem. Soc., 2021, 168, 062513. Castillo and N. Dimitrov, “Electrodeposition of Cu-Mn Films as Precursor Alloys for Nanoporous Cu Synthesis” Electrochem, 2021, 2 (3), 520-533.
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Qu, Rui, Guilin Han, Man Liu, Kunhua Yang, Xiaoqiang Li, and Jinke Liu. "Fe, Rather Than Soil Organic Matter, as a Controlling Factor of Hg Distribution in Subsurface Forest Soil in an Iron Mining Area." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 1 (January 5, 2020): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010359.
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To identify whether the iron (Fe) mining area in the Jiulongjiang River basin (JRB) has an influence on the mercury in the forest soil, the spatial distribution patterns of mercury’s behavior on different controlling factors were analyzed, and a potential ecological risk assessment was done. A total of 107 soil samples were collected from two forest soil profiles, one profile near the Fe mining area and the other far from it. The soil near the mining area had a moderate potential ecological risk with high Fe content rich in the upper layer of soil (<70 cm), whereas soil collected far from the mining area had a low potential ecological risk. These results indicated that the rise of iron content in the soil near the mining area was beneficial to the enrichment of mercury, probably causing damage to the forest ecosystem. Both soil organic carbon (SOC) and Fe content have strong positive correlations with THg content, controlling the mercury behavior in the upper layer (<70 cm) and a lower layer (>70 cm) of soil, respectively. The high Fe content in the upper layer of soil will compete for the adsorption of mercury by SOC, leading to the poor correlation between SOC and THg.
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Munson, Paul, Juraj Adamik, and Lisa Butterfield. "829 Tumor alpha-fetoprotein inhibits cholesterol and steroid metabolism in monocyte-derived dendritic cells." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 8, Suppl 3 (November 2020): A880—A881. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-sitc2020.0829.
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BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a particularly lethal malignancy in part due to the potently immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment. The weak immune response is due in part to the presence of tumor alpha-fetoprotein (tAFP), a fetal glycoprotein that is produced by a majority of HCC tumors.1 Previously, we showed that tAFP potently inhibited the differentiation of monocytes to dendritic cells when compared to cord blood-derived normal AFP (nAFP) and ovalbumin (OVA).2 Additionally, we demonstrated that tAFP inhibits lipid metabolism by limiting the expression of fatty acid metabolic enzymes.3 To identify the mechanism whereby tAFP alters dendritic cell metabolism, we analyzed microarray data by a functional enrichment pathway analysis with g: Profiler.4MethodsMonocytes from healthy donors (n=4) were isolated with CD14 magnetic beads and differentiated for five days in the presence of IL-4 and GM-CSF with OVA, nAFP, or tAFP. After five days, we isolated RNA for microarray analysis using an Affymetrix HG-U133A array. R studio generated principal component analysis. Differentially expressed (DE) genes were identified as a 1 log fold change and had adjusted p values ofResultsPrincipal component analysis of the gene expression data revealed that tAFP clustered separately from OVA and nAFP based on PC1 (p = 0.016) and PC2 (p = 0.009) (figure 1). In total, 688 DE genes were identified with 495 upregulated and 193 downregulated (figure 2). Downregulated DE genes between tAFP versus nAFP yielded significantly down regulated pathways including cholesterol (p = 10e-7.5), steroid (p = 10e-7.5), and lipid biosynthesis (p = 10e-6) (figure 3). Interestingly, upregulated DE genes between tAFP versus nAFP included many pathways specific to stress response to metal ions including zinc (p = 10e-10.5) and copper (p = 10e-10) (figure 4).Abstract 829 Figure 1tAFP induces a distinct gene expression profile in monocyte-derived DC’sAbstract 829 Figure 2Identifying differentially expressed genes in OVA, nAFP, and tAFP treated DC’sAbstract 829 Figure 3tAFP downregulates cholesterol and steroid metabolism in DC’sAbstract 829 Figure 4tAFP upregulates stress response to metal ions in DC’sConclusionsIn addition to validating previous data demonstrating tAFP inhibited lipid biosynthesis generally, this is the first report to our knowledge of tAFP inhibiting gene signatures associated with cholesterol and sterol synthesis specifically. Furthermore, we identified significant upregulation of gene pathways corresponding to the stress response genes to metal ions. Notably, functional assays are underway to confirm these gene pathway data. These findings shed new insight into how tAFP perturbs monocyte and DC metabolism and thereby limits differentiation of monocytes to immature dendritic cells. Future insights into how tAFP limits innate immunity could lead to improved immunotherapies for HCC.Ethics ApprovalSamples were collected with informed consent at the University of Pittsburgh (Pitt IRB #UPCI 04-001 and UPCI 04-111).ReferencesChan SL, Mo FKF, Johnson PJ, Hui EP, Ma BBY, Ho WM, et al. New utility of an old marker: serial alpha-fetoprotein measurement in predicting radiologic response and survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing systemic chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol 2009;27:446–52. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2008.18.8151Pardee AD, Shi J, Butterfield LH. Tumor-derived α-fetoprotein impairs the differentiation and T cell stimulatory activity of human dendritic cells. J Immunol 2014;193:5723–32. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1400725Santos PM, Menk AV, Shi J, Tsung A, Delgoffe GM, Butterfield LH. Tumor-derived α-fetoprotein suppresses fatty acid metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation in dendritic cells. Cancer Immunol Res 2019;7:1001–12. https://doi.org/10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0513Raudvere U, Kolberg L, Kuzmin I, Arak T, Adler P, Peterson H, et al. g:Profiler: a web server for functional enrichment analysis and conversions of gene lists (2019 update). Nucleic Acids Res 2019;47:W191–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz369
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O'Sullivan, Eugene J. "(Invited) Electrochemistry: Adventures in Metallization." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 30 (October 9, 2022): 1081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02301081mtgabs.
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Microelectronics has benefited enormously from electrochemistry, particularly in metallization. Metallizing through-holes in multilevel printed circuit boards was a major, successful application of electroless Cu (1). Electroless Co-based magnetic films deposited on non-magnetic electroless nickel films on rigid aluminum disks propelled the magnetic storage industry for years. A decade or more ago, it looked as if electroless Co(W)(P) was the ideal candidate to replace PVD Ta-based liners for CMOS back-end-of-line (BEOL) builds (2). Its cost undid it, however, despite meeting selectivity, diffusion barrier and reliability requirements. Electrolytic Cu has been an outstanding success for CMOS BEOL interconnect metallization, mostly because of its submicron feature superfilling ability (3). Following such success, electrolytic and electroless deposition methods have never been far from microelectronics researchers’ interest. In this talk, I will describe examples of electrochemical metallization in chip level, power conversion and MEMS areas that I have worked on. MRAM Final Interconnect Level Capping We recently developed a maskless, electroless, high-P-content, Ni(P) capping process for the final Cu bitline wiring level in our STTM MRAM 200 mm wafer test vehicles. This replaced a two litho mask, final aluminum metal interconnect level, drastically shortening process time. This novel protective layer enables functional testing of MRAM device memory state retention in an air atmosphere at elevated temperatures (4). The Ni(P)-coated wafers show virtually unchanged device resistance and magnetoresistance (MR) for MRAM 4Kb arrays. Magnetic Inductor Fabrication Magnetic inductors are increasing in importance in the ongoing development of integrated, on-chip power conversion. The latter is critical for realizing the dream of granular, DC-DC power delivery using dedicated voltage regulators (VR). Traditionally, the large size of the inductor component has impeded efforts to fabricate the VR in one module. We explored potentially manufacturable processes for magnetic-core inductors with enhanced inductance using through-mask electrodeposited Ni45Fe55 (Fig. 1) (5) and electroless Co(W)(P) layers (6). Electroless Co(W)(P) yoke material performed best overall, showing excellent magnetic properties, good magnetic anisotropy and coercivity of less than 0.1 Oe (6). The resistivity of the Co(W)(P) material was about 90-100 µΩcm; a value of 100 µΩcm is desired to limit yoke eddy current loss at high frequencies. Device scaling has finally brought magnetic inductor fabrication within reach of BEOL CMOS fabs. Magnetic Minimotor Fabrication High-aspect-ratio optical or X-ray lithography (LIGA) and electrodeposition processes were used to fabricate variable-reluctance, nearly planar, integrated minimotors with 6-mm-diameter rotors on silicon wafers (7). The motors comprised six electrodeposited Ni81Fe19 (Permalloy) horseshoe-shaped cores that surrounded the rotor. We formed copper coils around each core. LIGA processing provided vertical wall profiles, which were important for the rotor and stator core pole tips (see stator pole tip, feature D, in Fig. 2). We fabricated the rotors separately and slipped them onto the shaft after releasing them from the substrate wafer. Shaft fabrication via electrodeposition occurred as part of the stator fabrication process. The LIGA fabricated minimotor (100 μm thick Permalloy core with 40 μm thick rotor) represented the successful integration of aligned X-ray exposures and planarizing dielectric into a MEMS fabrication process, producing a working, five-layer magnetic motor. I will show some minimotor operational data. [1]. See papers in IBM J. Res. Develop., 28(6) (1984), available online. [2]. See, e.g., Y. Shacham-Diamand et al., J. Electrochem. Soc., 148 (2001) C162. [3]. P. C. Andricacos et al., IBM J. Res. Develop., 42, 567 (1998). [4]. E. J. O'Sullivan et al., 2019 Meet. Abstr. MA2019-02 916; doi: 10.1149/MA2019-02/15/916. [5]. E. J. O'Sullivan et al., ECS Transactions 50(10):93-105, doi: 10.1149/05010.0093ecst. [6]. N. Wang et al., MMM-Intermag, paper HG-11, 2013. [7]. E. J. O'Sullivan et al., IBM J. of Res. Develop., 42, 681 (1998). Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge the efforts of the staff of the Microelectronics Research Laboratory (MRL) at the IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, where some of the fabrication work described in this talk was carried out. Figure 1
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Tocci, Piera, Celia Roman, Rosanna Sestito, Valeriana Di Castro, Andrea Sacconi, Ivan Molineris, Francesca Paolini, et al. "Targeting tumor-stroma communication by blocking endothelin-1 receptors sensitizes high-grade serous ovarian cancer to PARP inhibition." Cell Death & Disease 14, no. 1 (January 5, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41419-022-05538-6.
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AbstractPARP inhibitors (PARPi) have changed the treatment paradigm of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HG-SOC). However, the impact of this class of inhibitors in HG-SOC patients with a high rate of TP53 mutations is limited, highlighting the need to develop combinatorial therapeutic strategies to improve responses to PARPi. Here, we unveil how the endothelin-1/ET-1 receptor (ET-1/ET-1R) axis, which is overexpressed in human HG-SOC and associated with poor prognosis, instructs HG-SOC/tumor microenvironment (TME) communication via key pro-malignant factors and restricts the DNA damage response induced by the PARPi olaparib. Mechanistically, the ET-1 axis promotes the p53/YAP/hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) transcription hub connecting HG-SOC cells, endothelial cells and activated fibroblasts, hence fueling persistent DNA damage signal escape. The ET-1R antagonist macitentan, which dismantles the ET-1R-mediated p53/YAP/HIF-1α network, interferes with HG-SOC/stroma interactions that blunt PARPi efficacy. Pharmacological ET-1R inhibition by macitentan in orthotopic HG-SOC patient-derived xenografts synergizes with olaparib to suppress metastatic progression, enhancing PARPi survival benefit. These findings reveal ET-1R as a mechanistic determinant in the regulation of HG-SOC/TME crosstalk and DNA damage response, indicating the use of macitentan in combinatorial treatments with PARPi as a promising and emerging therapy.
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Sestito, Rosanna, Piera Tocci, Celia Roman, Valeriana Di Castro, and Anna Bagnato. "Functional interaction between endothelin-1 and ZEB1/YAP signaling regulates cellular plasticity and metastasis in high-grade serous ovarian cancer." Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 41, no. 1 (April 28, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13046-022-02317-1.
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Abstract Background Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) encompasses a highly dynamic and complex key process which leads to metastatic progression. In high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HG-SOC), endothelin-1 (ET-1)/endothelin A receptor (ETAR) signaling promotes EMT driving tumor progression. However, the complex nature of intertwined regulatory circuits activated by ET-1 to trigger the metastatic process is not fully elucidated. Methods The capacity of ET-1 pathway to guide a critical transcriptional network that is instrumental for metastatic growth was identified in patient-derived HG-SOC cells and cell lines through immunoblotting, q-RT-PCR, co-immunoprecipitation, in situ proximity ligation, luciferase reporter, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and publicly available databases. Functional assays in HG-SOC cells and HG-SOC xenografts served to test the inhibitory effects of ET-1 receptors (ET-1R) antagonist in vitro and in vivo. Results We demonstrated that ET-1/ETAR axis promoted the direct physical ZEB1/YAP interaction by inducing their nuclear accumulation in HG-SOC cells. Moreover, ET-1 directed their engagement in a functional transcriptional complex with the potent oncogenic AP-1 factor JUN. This led to the aberrant activation of common target genes, including EDN1 (ET-1) gene, thereby creating a feed-forward loop that sustained a persistent ET-1/ZEB1 signaling activity. Notably, ET-1-induced Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) signaling mediated the activation of YAP/ZEB1 circuit driving cellular plasticity, invasion and EMT. Of therapeutic interest, treatment of HG-SOC cells with the FDA approved ET-1R antagonist macitentan, targeting YAP and ZEB1-driven signaling, suppressed metastasis in vivo in mice. High gene expression of ETAR/ILK/YAP/AP-1/ZEB1 was a strong predictor of poor clinical outcome in serous ovarian cancer patients, indicating the translational relevance of this signature expression. Conclusions This study provides novel mechanistic insights of the ET-1R-driven mediators that support the ability of HG-SOC to acquire metastatic traits which include the cooperation of YAP and ZEB1 regulatory circuit paving the way for innovative treatment of metastatic ovarian cancer.
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Masi, Ilenia, Flavia Ottavi, Danila Del Rio, Valentina Caprara, Cristina Vastarelli, Sara Maria Giannitelli, Giulia Fianco, et al. "The interaction of β-arrestin1 with talin1 driven by endothelin A receptor as a feature of α5β1 integrin activation in high-grade serous ovarian cancer." Cell Death & Disease 14, no. 1 (January 30, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41419-023-05612-7.
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AbstractDissemination of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HG-SOC) in the omentum and intercalation into a mesothelial cell (MC) monolayer depends on functional α5β1 integrin (Intα5β1) activity. Although the binding of Intα5β1 to fibronectin drives these processes, other molecular mechanisms linked to integrin inside-out signaling might support metastatic dissemination. Here, we report a novel interactive signaling that contributes to Intα5β1 activation and accelerates tumor cells toward invasive disease, involving the protein β-arrestin1 (β-arr1) and the activation of the endothelin A receptor (ETAR) by endothelin-1 (ET-1). As demonstrated in primary HG-SOC cells and SOC cell lines, ET-1 increased Intβ1 and downstream FAK/paxillin activation. Mechanistically, β-arr1 directly interacts with talin1 and Intβ1, promoting talin1 phosphorylation and its recruitment to Intβ1, thus fueling integrin inside-out activation. In 3D spheroids and organotypic models mimicking the omentum, ETAR/β-arr1-driven Intα5β1 signaling promotes the survival of cell clusters, with mesothelium-intercalation capacity and invasive behavior. The treatment with the antagonist of ETAR, Ambrisentan (AMB), and of Intα5β1, ATN161, inhibits ET-1-driven Intα5β1 activity in vitro, and tumor cell adhesion and spreading to intraperitoneal organs and Intβ1 activity in vivo. As a prognostic factor, high EDNRA/ITGB1 expression correlates with poor HG-SOC clinical outcomes. These findings highlight a new role of ETAR/β-arr1 operating an inside-out integrin activation to modulate the metastatic process and suggest that in the new integrin-targeting programs might be considered that ETAR/β-arr1 regulates Intα5β1 functional pathway.
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Sharma, Sunil, Henrik Fox, Francisco Aguilar, Umer Mukhtar, Leslee Willes, Benham Bozorgnia, Thomas Bitter, and Olaf Oldenburg. "Auto positive airway pressure therapy reduces pulmonary pressures in adults admitted for acute heart failure with pulmonary hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea. The ASAP-HF Pilot Trial." Sleep 42, no. 7 (April 20, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsz100.
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AbstractObjectivesPulmonary hypertension (PH) is extremely common in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) patients and predicts increased mortality. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), highly prevalent in congestive heart failure patients, may contribute to further elevated pulmonary pressures. This study evaluates the impact of positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy on PH in patients admitted for ADHF with OSA.MethodsA two-center randomized control trial comparing standard of care (SOC) therapy for ADHF versus addition of PAP therapy in patients with concomitant OSA.ResultsTwenty-one consecutive patients were enrolled with 1:1 randomization to SOC versus SOC plus 48-hour PAP therapy protocol. In the intervention arm, the mean pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) difference before therapy and after 48 hours of PAP therapy was −15.8 ± 3.2 (58.6 ± 2.5 mm Hg to 42.8 ± 2.7) versus the SOC arm where the mean PASP difference was −5.2 ± 2.6 (62.7 ± 3.3 mm Hg reduced to 57.5 ± 3.9) (p = 0.025). In addition, ejection fraction in the intervention arm improved (3.4 ± 1.5% versus −0.5 ± 0.5 %) (p = 0.01). Significant improvement was also noted in tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and right ventricular systolic area in the intervention arm but not in NT-pro-BNP or 6-minute walk distance.ConclusionsIn patients with ADHF and OSA, addition of 48 hours of PAP therapy to SOC treatment significantly reduced PH. In addition, PAP therapy was able to improve right and left ventricular function.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02963597.
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Gulati, Anil, Rajat Choudhuri, Ajay Gupta, Saurabh Singh, S. K. Noushad Ali, Gursaran Kaur Sidhu, Parvez David Haque, et al. "Abstract 118: Multicentric, Randomized Controlled Phase III Study of Centhaquine (Lyfaquin®) as an Effective First-in-class Resuscitative Agent in Hypovolemic Shock Patients." Circulation 142, Suppl_4 (November 17, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.142.suppl_4.118.
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Background: Centhaquine (CQ) is a novel, first-in-class resuscitative agent for the treatment of hypovolemic shock. Methods: Efficacy of CQ for the treatment of hypovolemic shock as an adjuvant to standard of care (SOC) was evaluated in a prospective, multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 3 study. Key inclusion criteria were; systolic blood pressure of <90 mm Hg, blood lactate levels of > 2 mmol/L and patients receiving SOC in a hospital or ICU setting. Patients were randomized in a 2:1 ratio either to the CQ group receiving CQ dose of 0.01 mg/kg by IV infusion along with SOC or to the control group receiving SOC plus saline. Primary endpoints of the study were change in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), change in blood lactate levels and change in base deficit. Mortality through day 28 was the key secondary endpoint. Results: A total of 197 patients were screened, of which 105 patients met the eligibility criteria and were included in the study. Out of 105 patients, 71 patients were randomized to CQ group and 34 patients to control group. Demographics and baseline characteristics of patients in both groups was comparable. Hemoglobin level was 9.38 ± 0.71 g/dL and 8.73 ± 0.55 g/dL in control and CQ groups, respectively at the time of inclusion in the study. At 24 hours of resuscitation, SBP of more than 110 mmHg was in 59.38% patients of control and 81.82% patients of CQ group (P=0.00842). Similarly, at 24 hours of resuscitation, DBP of more than 70 mmHg was in 50.00% patients in control group and 78.46% patients in CQ group (P=0.002175). The number of patients with blood lactate levels of 1.5 mmol/L or less were 46.88% in the group with standard treatment compared to 69.35% in CQ group (P=0.0168). The number of patients with base-deficit of less than minus 2 were 46.88% in standard treatment group compared to 68.25% in those receiving CQ (P=0.0217). CQ treatment significantly reduced the mortality rate. In the control group, the mortality rate was 11.76% compared to 2.94% in the CQ group (odds ratio: 4.4; 95% CI 0.9651 to 23.74 and P=0.037). No drug related adverse event was reported. Conclusion: Centhaquine (Lyfaquin®) is a highly efficacious resuscitative agent for the treatment of hypovolemic shock as an adjuvant to SOC.
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Bainey, Kevin R., Yinggan Zheng, Richard Coulden, Emer Sonnex, Richard Thompson, Junyi Mei, Alexandra Bastiany, and Robert Welsh. "Remote ischaemic conditioning in ST elevation myocardial infarction: a registry-based randomised trial." Heart, August 20, 2021, heartjnl—2021–319455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2021-319455.
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ObjectivesRemote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) has been tested as a possible strategy for mitigating reperfusion injury in ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). However, surrogate outcomes have shown inconsistent effects with lack of clinical correlation.MethodsWe performed a registry-based randomised study of patients with STEMI allocated to RIC (4 cycles of blood pressure cuff inflation to 200 mm Hg for 5 min of ischaemia followed by 5 min of reperfusion) or standard of care (SOC) during PPCI. We examined the associations of RIC on core laboratory measurements of myocardial perfusion, infarct size (IS), left ventricular (LV) performance and clinical outcomes.ResultsA total of 252 patients were enrolled. The median age was 61 (IQR: 55–70) years and 72.8% were male. Sum ST segment deviation resolution ≥50% was similar between RIC and SOC (65.2% vs 55.7%, p=0.269). In those with 3-day cardiovascular MRI (n=88), no difference in median (25th, 75th percentiles) IS (14.9% (4.5%, 23.1%) vs 16.1% (3.3%, 22.0%), p=0.980), LV dimensions (LV end-diastolic volume index: 78.7 (71.1, 91.2) mL/m2 vs 79.9 (71.2, 88.8) mL/m2, p=0.630; LV end-systolic volume index: 48.8 (35.7, 51.4) mL/m2 vs 37.9 (31.8, 47.5) mL/m2, p=0.551) or ejection fraction (50.0% (41.0%–55.0%) vs 50.0% (43.0%–56.0%), p=0.554) was demonstrated. Similar results were observed with 90-day cardiovascular MRI. At 1 year, the clinical composite of death, congestive heart failure, cardiogenic shock and recurrent myocardial infarction was similar in RIC and SOC (21.7% vs 13.3%, p=0.110).ConclusionsIn a contemporary registry-based randomised study of patients with STEMI undergoing PPCI, adjunctive therapy with RIC did not improve myocardial perfusion, reduce IS or alter LV performance. Consequently, there was no difference in clinical outcomes within 1 year.Trial registration numberNCT03930589.
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Tan, Jiahong, Xu Zheng, Mengchen Li, Fei Ye, Chunyan Song, Cheng Xu, Xiaoxue Zhang, et al. "C/EBPβ promotes poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor resistance by enhancing homologous recombination repair in high-grade serous ovarian cancer." Oncogene, May 8, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41388-021-01788-4.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractPARP inhibitors (PARPi) are efficacious in treating high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HG-SOC) with homologous recombination (HR) deficiency. However, they exhibit suboptimal efficiency in HR-proficient cancers. Here, we found that the expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ), a transcription factor, was inversely correlated with PARPi sensitivity in vitro and in vivo, both in HR-proficient condition. High C/EBPβ expression enhanced PARPi tolerance; PARPi treatment in turn induced C/EBPβ expression. C/EBPβ directly targeted and upregulated multiple HR genes (BRCA1, BRIP1, BRIT1, and RAD51), thereby inducing restoration of HR capacity and mediating acquired PARPi resistance. C/EBPβ is a key regulator of the HR pathway and an indicator of PARPi responsiveness. Targeting C/EBPβ could induce HR deficiency and rescue PARPi sensitivity accordingly. Our findings indicate that HR-proficient patients may benefit from PARPi via targeting C/EBPβ, and C/EBPβ expression levels enable predicting and tracking PARPi responsiveness during treatment.
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Samimagham, Hamid Reza, Mehdi Hassani Azad, Dariush Hooshyar, Maryam Haddad, Mohsen Arabi, and Mitra KazemiJahromi. "Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of recombinant erythropoietin on the improvement of hospitalised COVID-19 patients: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial." Trials 22, no. 1 (July 6, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13063-021-05363-w.
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Abstract Objectives To evaluate the effect of recombinant erythropoietin on hospitalised COVID-19 patients. Trial design Concealed, randomized, single-blinded, phase 2 controlled clinical trial with two arm parallel-group design of 20 patients allocated with 1:1 ratio and using the placebo in the control group. Participants This study will be performed at Shahid Mohammadi Hospital in Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan in Iran. All positive (PCR confirmed) COVID-19 patients ≤65 years old who have Hb≤9 and at least one of the severe COVID-19 symptoms (tachypnea (breathing rate> 30 beats per minute), hypoxemia (O2 ≤93 saturation, the partial pressure ratio of arterial oxygen <300), Lung infiltration (> 50% of lung field within 24 to 48 hours), progressive lymphopenia, LDH>245 U/I, CRP>100) and are willing to cooperate in this project will be included in the study. Patients with a history of coronary heart disease, thrombosis, deep vein thrombosis, chronic lung disease, diabetes mellitus, weakened immune system, end-stage renal disease, liver disease, and patients with a history of taking oral contraceptive pills, systolic blood pressure more than 160 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure more than 90 mm Hg and age over 65 and erythropoietin above 500 are excluded. Intervention and comparator Patients will receive the standard of care (SOC) based on the treatment protocols of the Iranian National Committee of COVID-19 and recombinant erythropoietin (EPREX Manufactured by Johnson and Johnson Pharmaceutical Company) 300 units / Kg or 4000IU as subcutaneous (SQ) injection three times a day for 5 days and simultaneously Enoxaparin 1 mg/kg SQ daily is also taken to prevent thrombosis in the intervention group. Patients' blood pressure, along with other vital signs, are checked regularly and at regular intervals. In the control group, patients received SOC and the placebo (distilled water) is given as a subcutaneous injection three times a day for 5 days. We use sterile water for injection (EXIRpharmaceutical company) as the placebo. To the same appearance of the placebo and the recombinant erythropoietin, they are taken in a separate room in the same size syringes and cover with labels before injection. Main outcomes The main outcome for this study is a composite endpoint for Patient clinical symptoms (Respiratory rate, Oxygen saturation state and arterial oxygen partial pressure ratio, Lung infiltration status, blood pressure), Laboratory tests (LDH, CRP, Lymphocyte count, Endogenous erythropoietin, and Haemoglobin level). All of these will be assessed at the beginning of the study (before the intervention) and day 5 after the intervention. The study will also evaluate side effects and how to manage them. Randomisation Eligible participants (20) will be randomized in two arms in the ratio of 1: 1 (10 per arm) by permuted block randomization method using online web-based tools. Blinding (masking) Patients participating in the study will not be aware of the assignment to the intervention or control group. The principal investigator, health care personnel, data collectors, and those evaluating the outcome are aware of patient grouping. Numbers to be randomised (sample size) A total of 20 patients will participate in this study, who are randomly allocated to the 2 arms with a 1:1 ratio; 10 patients in the intervention group will receive SOC and recombinant erythropoietin, and 10 patients in the control group will receive SOC and placebo. Trial Status The protocol version is 3.0, approved by the Deputy of Research and Technology and the ethics committee of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences on 6th June 2020, with the local grant number of 990108. The expected recruitment end date was on 21th December 2020 but since we had a wide and careful exclusion criteria because of the adverse reactions of the medication, the recruitment (for both cases and controls) was not so easy and did not finish on the expected date and we are still recruiting now. Recruitment began on 17th August 2020 and the updated expected recruitment end date is 1st August 2021. Trial registration The protocol was registered before starting subject recruitment under the title: Evaluation of the effect of recombinant erythropoietin on the improvement of COVID-19 patients, IRCT20200509047364N1, at Iranian Registry of clinical trials (https://en.irct.ir/trial/49282) on 2020/08/09. Full protocol The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol. The study protocol has been reported in accordance with the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Clinical Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) guidelines (Additional file 2).
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Song, Wen, Huizhong Zhang, Xinju Li, Hengfei Song, Beibei Niu, Xianjun Shi, and Junying Li. "Safe utilization of cultivated land in high-risk areas of soil heavy metal pollution based on soil resilience." Frontiers in Environmental Science 10 (August 26, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.889069.
Full textAbstract:
With global urbanization and industrialization, environmental pollution and food safety problems caused by soil heavy metal pollution occur frequently. To realize the safe utilization of cultivated land resources in high-risk areas of heavy metal pollution, we present an approach to safe utilization classification and management in this study. A typical agricultural area around industrial and mining enterprises located in the economic belt of the Yangtze River Delta was chosen as the research area with cultivated soil as the research object. A total of 1,139 geochemical survey sampling sites and soil survey data were used for this research. Initially, the potential ecological risk index was used to assess the potential ecological risk of heavy metals in cultivated soil, and key soil physical and chemical indicators were chosen to assess soil resilience. Next, the safe utilization classification of cultivated land was carried out by combining the potential ecological risk of soil heavy metals with soil resilience. Then, the specific classification management strategy was developed according to ecological risk factor types and crop types. The results showed that the production and operation activities of industrial and mining enterprises in the study area contributed significantly to soil Cd and Hg pollution, and the potential ecological risk of heavy metals in the surrounding soil was high. The soil resilience of cultivated land in the study area was generally not high. The clay content and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were the main strong restrictive indicators, while CaO, soil organic carbon (SOC), and pH were the main medium restrictive indicators. Natural conditions such as topography, hydrogeology, and soil-forming parent material differed by region, resulting in different restrictive factors. There were 16 safe utilization types in the study area. Different management strategies were proposed based on various soil potential ecological risks, soil resilience, ecological risk factor types, and crop types. This study can offer fresh perspectives on the safe utilization classification and management of land resources in high-risk areas of soil pollution and serve as a reference for sustainable intensification.
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Ha, Nguyen Van, Doan Thanh Dat, and Trieu Thi Nguyet. "Stereoelectronic Properties of 1,2,4-Triazole-Derived N-heterocyclic Carbenes - A Theoretical Study." VNU Journal of Science: Natural Sciences and Technology 35, no. 4 (December 23, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/2588-1140/vnunst.4935.
Full textAbstract:
A theoretical study on stereo and electronic properties of a series of six 1,2,4-triazole-derived carbenes bearing different N4-substituents, namely isopropyl (1), benzyl (2), phenyl (3), mesityl (4), 2,6-diisopropylphenyl (5) and 1-naphthyl (6), has been carried out. Structures of the six carbenes were first optimized using Gaussian® 16 at B3LYP level. Their molecular geometries and electronic structures of the frontier orbitals were examined. The results suggest the similarity in nature of their HOMOs, which all posses s symmetry with respect to the heterocycle and essentially be the lone electron pair on the Ccarbene. Steric properties of the NHCs was also quantified using percent volume burried (%Vbur) approach. The NHC 1 with isopropyl N4-substituent was the least bulky one with %Vbur of 27.7 and the most sterically demanding carbene is 6, which has large 2,6-diisopropylphenyl substituent (%Vbur = 38.4). Interestingly, the NHCs with phenyl and 1-naphthyl N4-substituents display flexible steric hindrance due to possible rotation of the phenyl or 1-naphthyl around the N-C single bond. Beside stereoelectronic properties of the NHC, topographic steric map of their complexes with metal were also investigated.
Keywords: N-heterocyclic carbene, triazolin-5-ylidene, stereoelectronic properties, percent volume burried.
References
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Lima, Dijaci Santos de, Maria Alana Neres de Pontes, Francisco Patricio de Andrade Júnior, Bernadete Helena Cavalcanti dos Santos, Wylly Araújo de Oliveira, and Igara Oliveira Lima. "Atividade antibacteriana de citronelal e citronelol contra cepas de Escherichia coli produtoras de ESBL." ARCHIVES OF HEALTH INVESTIGATION 9, no. 3 (August 25, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.21270/archi.v9i3.4745.
Full textAbstract:
Introdução: A bactéria Escherichia coli é um bacilo Gram negativo que pode causar o desenvolvimento de infecções, principalmente, no trato gastrointestinal, podendo levar os acometidos a óbito. Além disso, houve o surgimento de cepas produtoras de betalactamases de amplo espectro (ESBL), que se caracterizam por apresentarem-se resistentes a diversos β-lactâmicos, sendo necessária a busca por novas substâncias com atividade antibacteriana frente a esses microrganismos. Objetivo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a atividade antimicrobiana dos fitoconstituintes citronelal e citronelol contra cepas de Escherichia coli ESBL através da determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM). Materiais e métodos: A determinação da CIM dos fitoconstituintes selecionados foi realizada pela técnica da microdiluição seriada a uma razão de dois, reservando a última coluna para o controle do crescimento dos microrganismos. Resultados: A CIM do citronelol apresentou concentrações de 256 µg/ml para as cepas C-18, 65, 21 e C-20, e 512 µg/ml para as cepas C-24, C-25, 24 e 45. Já frente à ação do citronelal não se foi possível a obtenção da CIM nas concentrações testadas. Conclusão: Através dos experimentos pôde-se afirmar que o fitoconstituinte citronelol exerce atividade bacteriostática sobre as cepas de Escherichia colie que o fitoconstituinte citronelal não possui atividade antibacteriana nas concentrações testadas.Descritores: Escherichia coli; Antibacterianos; Terpenos; Farmacologia.ReferênciasSouza CO, Melo TRB, Melo CSB, Menezes EM, Carvalho AC, Monteiro LCR. Escherichia coli enteropatogênica: uma categoria diarreiogênica versátil. Rev Pan-Amaz Saúde. 2016;7(2):79-91.Lago A, Fuentefria SR, Fuentefria DP. Enterobactérias produtoras de ESBL em Passo Fundo, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2010;43(4):430-34.Rawat D, Nair D. 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