Academic literature on the topic 'HG. Non-print materials'

Background: HER2-positive breast cancer is a breast cancer that tests positive with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 (HER2) promotes the proliferation of breast cancers cells. This research aimed to find the bioactive compounds from Allium sativum for inhibiting HER2 enzyme by using molecular docking method. Materials and method: The protein tyrosin kinase HER2 structure was obtained from Protein Data Bank. Compounds were collected from previous publications of Allium sativum and these structures were retrieved from PubChem database. Molecular docking was done by Autodock vina software. Lipinski’s rule of 5 is used to compare compounds with drug-like and non-drug-like properties. Pharmacokinetic parameters of potential compounds were evaluated using the pkCSM tool. Results: Based on previous publication of Allium sativum, we have collected 55 compounds. The results showed that 2 compounds have HER2 inhibitory activity stronger than the reference compounds including biochanin A và cyanidin 3-malonylglucoside. The Lipinski’s rule of Five showed that these two compounds had propietary drug-likenesss. Moreover, predict ADMET of these compounds was also analyzed. Conclusion: Therefore, biochanin A and cyanidin 3-malonylglucoside may be potential natural product compounds for HER2-positive breast cancer treatment. Keywords: Allium sativum, tyrosin kinase HER2, breast cancer HER2 positive, in silico, molecular docking. References [1] S. Libson, M. Lippman. A review of clinical aspects of breast cancer. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England) 26(1) (2014) 4.[2] D.J. Slamon, G.M. Clark, S.G. Wong, W.J. Levin, A. Ullrich, W.L. McGuire. Human breast cancer: correlation of relapse and survival with amplification of the HER-2/neu oncogene. Science 235(4785) (1987) 177.[3] U. Krishnamurti, J.F. Silverman. 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Determination of Seven Organosulfur Compounds in Garlic by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 54(5) (2006) 1535.[19] M.D. Dufoo-Hurtado, K.G. Zavala-Gutiérrez, C.-M. Cao, L. Cisneros-Zevallos, R.G. Guevara-González, I. Torres-Pacheco, et al. Low-Temperature Conditioning of “Seed” Cloves Enhances the Expression of Phenolic Metabolism Related Genes and Anthocyanin Content in ‘Coreano’ Garlic (Allium sativum) during Plant Development. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 61(44) (2013) 10439.[20] L. Vlase, M. Parvu, E.A. Parvu, A. Toiu. Chemical Constituents of Three Allium Species from Romania. Molecules 18(1) (2013).[21] G. Diretto, A. Rubio-Moraga, J. Argandoña, P. Castillo, L. Gómez-Gómez, O. Ahrazem. Tissue-Specific Accumulation of Sulfur Compounds and Saponins in Different Parts of Garlic Cloves from Purple and White Ecotypes. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 22(8) (2017) 1359.[22] S. Kim, J. Chen, T. Cheng, A. Gindulyte, J. He, S. 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The impact of dietary isoflavonoids on malignant brain tumors. Cancer medicine 3(4) (2014) 865.[42] Y.N. Hsu, H.W. Shyu, T.W. Hu, J.P. Yeh, Y.W. Lin, L.Y. Lee, et al. Anti-proliferative activity of biochanin A in human osteosarcoma cells via mitochondrial-involved apoptosis. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 112 (2018) 194.[43] Y. Joshi, B. Goyal. ANTHOCYANINS: A LEAD FOR ANTICANCER DRUGS. International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Chemistry 1 (2011) 1119.[44] C. Hui, Y. Bin, Y. Xiaoping, Y. Long, C. Chunye, M. Mantian, et al. Anticancer Activities of an Anthocyanin-Rich Extract From Black Rice Against Breast Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. Nutrition and Cancer 62(8) (2010) 1128.

The music industry has experienced a major slump in sales of physical sound storage media such as the compact disc. Contrary to this, revenues gained in the online music sector doubled in 2006. In this growing industry digital standard formats and standard workflows in the electronic music distribution process could help companies to lower their costs and work more efficiently. This thesis provides a rough overview of the digital music distribution industry with a special focus on the business-to-business relationship between music aggregators and music download platforms. It aims to clarify whether standards regarding workflow, music data and music metadata exist. First, a review of literature is undertaken in order to gain knowledge about the social construction theory and actor network theory as well as facts and figures about the current digital music industry. Then five qualitative interviews are conducted with expert representatives of music aggregators and online music distributors. The interviews aim at identifying constraining closure mechanisms and uncovering details about the actors´ attitudes towards standardisation of workflows and data. The main outcome of the thesis is that there is a need for standardisation of music metadata, data processing and sales reporting procedures. The findings suggest that the most powerful actors in the music business, represented by the IFPI (International Federation of the Phonographic Industry), need to agree on international standards for the issues mentioned above. The findings also provide a list of starting points for further research and discussion about improvements in the digital music sector.

This M.A. thesis evaluates and analyses the use of social tagging systems taking Flickr as an example. Hereby the focus lies on multilingualism and the resulting problems for searching images. First, an introduction in social tagging as well as and an overview on current studies on social tagging are given. Furthermore, Flickr and its system properties are presented as well as relevant studies on Flickr. For analyzing multilingualism on Flickr a user test was conducted. The results are presented and analyzed with focus on multilingualism.

More than three centuries after the creation of the first scientific journal this type of publications are the means par excellence to spread and disseminate avant-garde knowledge, allowing the propagation of the theoretical and empirical advances of science. With the emergence of the Internet, journals have found in the open access movement a paradigm that since the 1990s has significantly altered scientific communication, allowing a worldwide and simultaneous reach for all types of audiences. Curiously, Latin America is the region with the greatest growth in open access, therefore, delineating good editorial practices in the context of the twenty-first century is fundamental for the social, cultural and scientific advance, and so that the editors of the region manage better journals and increase the quality and impact of these. Based on a comparative study of ten journals included in the Scopus, Web of Science, DOAJ, SciELO, Redalyc, Latindex, Biblat, and Redib databases, the criteria and policies that can guarantee optimal editorial management facing the international positioning of Social Sciences journals in open access in Latin America are delineated, and compliance with these criteria is verified in each of the selected journals. After analyzing the data, it is concluded that open access is a fundamental component of this type of publications in the region and that their editorial process do not deviate from international standards, despite the low professionalization and specialized training of directors and editors, hence, their visibility and impact depend on additional variables that do not categorically determine the scientific quality of the journals. With this in mind, a guide of good editorial practices for Social Sciences journals in open access in Latin America is proposed, so that both publishers and publishing institutions can comprehensively and appropriately address the editorial processes, in an effort to contribute to the quality of the journals in the region.

‘Rethinking intellectual commons’ analyzes, from a socio-technical view, the legal-political tensions that arise between the appropriation and release of intellectual goods and works in the digital age. This thesis describes the processes of co-construction between regulations on authorial and copy rights and digital technologies oriented to manage these rights. For this purpose, three cases which evince the conflict between the appropiation and the release of intellectual goods, and show the processes of co-construction, are analyzed. The first case of analysis is an anti-copying artifact designed by the trading corporation Sony-BMG Music Entertainment. The second one is the open licensing system of selective reservation of authorial and copy rights of Creative Commons Corporation. The third one is the management system of intellectual works in the virtual world called Second Life. The new regulative forms linked to the design of technologies define the political, cultural, social and economical future of our societies. This thesis aims at encouraging and strengthening these legal-political and technological discussions on the regional and global scale.