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Journal articles on the topic 'Hg and Cr IONS'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 September 2023

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1

Neelgund, Gururaj M., Erica A. Jimenez, Ram L. Ray, and Mahaveer D. Kurkuri. "Facilitated Adsorption of Mercury(II) and Chromium(VI) Ions over Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes." Toxics 11, no. 6 (June 20, 2023): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11060545.

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By considering the importance of water and its purity, herein, a powerful adsorbent has been developed for the adsorption of two toxic contaminants that commonly exist in water, viz., divalent mercury and hexavalent chromium. The efficient adsorbent, CNTs–PLA–Pd, was prepared by covalent grafting polylactic acid to carbon nanotubes and subsequent deposition of palladium nanoparticles. The CNTs–PLA–Pd could adsorb Hg(II), and Cr(VI) entirely exists in water. The adsorption rate for Hg(II) and Cr(VI) was rapid at initial stage, followed by gradual decrease, and attained the equilibrium. The Hg(II) and Cr(VI) adsorption was perceived within 50 min and 80 min, respectively with CNTs–PLA–Pd,. Further, experimental data for Hg(II) and Cr(VI) adsorption was analyzed, and kinetic parameters were estimated using pseudo–first and second–order models. The adsorption process of Hg(II) and Cr(VI) followed the pseudo–second–order kinetics, and the rate–limiting step in the adsorption was chemisorption. The Weber−Morris intraparticle pore diffusion model revealed that the Hg(II) and Cr(VI) adsorption over CNTs–PLA–Pd occurs through multiple phases. The experimental equilibrium parameters for the Hg(II) and Cr(VI) adsorption were estimated by Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms models. All three models were well suited and demonstrated that Hg(II) and Cr(VI) adsorption over CNTs–PLA–Pd transpires through monolayer molecular covering and chemisorption.
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2

Rievaj, Miroslav, Elena Korgová, and Dušan Bustin. "Acid Hydrolysis of the Diaquacyanoethylenediamine-Nitrosylchromium Cation and Its Reactions with Mercury(II) and Silver(I) Ions." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 58, no. 6 (1993): 1371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19931371.

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Preparation of the [Cr(H2O)2CN (en) NO]+ ion in solution by acid hydrolysis of [CrH2O(CN)2 (en) NO] including its ion exchange separation is described. The polarographic properties of [Cr(H2O)2CN (en) NO]+ as well as the kinetics of its acid hydrolysis were studied. Reactions of this complex with Hg(II) and Ag(I) were investigated and binuclear and trinuclear adducts were found to form. Linkage isomerization of the bridging cyanide in such adducts is deduced from their electrochemical properties. The spontaneous isomerization of the unstable isomer with the Cr-NC bond to the stable isomer with the Cr-CN bond was followed after its liberation by a competitive complexation of Hg(II) with excess iodide. The kinetics of decomposition of the adducts with Hg(II) was measured to examine the influence of H+ and Hg(II) concentrations.
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3

Wang, Zhong-Jie, Fa-Yuan Ge, Guo-Hao Sun, and He-Gen Zheng. "Two MOFs as dual-responsive photoluminescence sensors for metal and inorganic ion detection." Dalton Transactions 47, no. 25 (2018): 8257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8dt01363b.

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Two MOFs were synthesized and explored as dual-responsive photoluminescent sensors: 1 for Fe3+ and Cr2O72− ions, and 2 for Hg2+ and Cr2O72− ions.
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4

Rievaj, Miroslav, Elena Korgová, and Dušan Bustin. "Electrochemical Study of cis-Cyanoaquobis(ethylenediamine)chromium(III) Ion and Its Adducts with Hg(II) and Ag(I)." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 58, no. 2 (1993): 328–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19930328.

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The paper describes voltammetric and polarographic properties of the cis-cyanoaquobis(ethylenediamine)chromium(III) complex and the kinetics of its acid hydrolysis. The reactions of this complex with Hg(II) and Ag(I) ions were studied. Formation of di- and trinuclear adducts was found. Linkage isomerisation of CN bridging group in these adducts (Cr-NC-Hg and Cr-NC-Ag) was proposed on the basis of their electrochemical properties. The kinetics of formation and decomposition of [Cr(CN)(en)2(H2O)]2+ adducts with Hg(II) and Ag(I) are described and the factors affecting them are discussed.
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5

Wanjari, S. M., Lata Deshmukh, and L. J. Paliwal. "Chromatographic Separation of Heavy Metal Cations on a Silica Gel-G with Amino Acid." E-Journal of Chemistry 9, no. 4 (2012): 2446–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/826028.

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Thin layer chromatographic method has been developed for the separation of metal ions such as Cr(VI), Cr(III), As(III), Cd(II), Tl(III) and Hg(II) from their two, three and four component mixtures. The separations were performed on thin layer of silica gel ‘G’ using aqueous l-Alanine as mobile phase. The effect of concentration and pH of mobile phase on the Rfvalues of individual metal ions were studied and the optimum conditions for separation of metal ions from their mixture were determined.
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6

Chou, Chun-Yen, Robert Sung, Wei-Luen Chang, and Kuangsen Sung. "A GFP-chromophore-based C3V-symmetric tripodal receptor with selective recognition of Hg(ii), Fe(iii) and Cr(iii)." Materials Chemistry Frontiers 4, no. 6 (2020): 1714–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0qm00108b.

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7

Manelis, R., H. Hornung, L. Fishelson, and A. Yawetz. "The Effects of Exposure to Heavy Metal Ions on Cytochrome b5 and Components of the Mixed-Function Oxidases from the Digestive Gland Microsomes of the Mollusc Monodonta turbinata." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 7-8 (April 1, 1993): 473–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0584.

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LT50 values obtained for Monodontaturbinata exposed to heavy metal ions were as follows: 25.2 days after exposure to final concentration of 1.0ppm Cd+2; 21.2 days for 0.1ppm Hg+2; 25.2 for 0. 5ppm Cr+3 and 16.8 days for 0.5ppm Cr+6, compared to 32.8 days for the control. The final concentrations of metal ions in the mollusc tissue increased by 20 times in the Hg+2, and by 10 times in the Cd+2 treated Monodonta, compared to the untreated control. The normal contents of cytochromes be and P450 in Monodontaturbinata digestive gland microsomes were 195±51 and 58±20 nmol/mg protein, respectively. NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity was 5.9±3.0 nmol/min/mg protein. Exposure to all heavy metal ions had a destructive effect on the two hemoproteins, especially on cytochrome P450, and a pronounced impact on NADPH-cytochrome c activity which was reduced to about 50% in the treated mollusc. No alarming concentrations of metal ions could be detected in Monodontaturbinata collected from different sites along Israel Mediterranean coast.
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8

Channegowda, Manjunatha. "Recent advances in environmentally benign hierarchical inorganic nano-adsorbents for the removal of poisonous metal ions in water: a review with mechanistic insight into toxicity and adsorption." Nanoscale Advances 2, no. 12 (2020): 5529–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0na00650e.

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Water contaminated with heavy metal ions, As3+, Pb2+, Cr6+, Cd2+, and Hg2 is known to be toxic or carcinogenic. We review the mechanistic toxicity and carcinogenicity of these ions and hierarchically architectured inorganic nano-adsorbents for their removal are explored.
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9

Koley, Pradyot, Makoto Sakurai, Toshiaki Takei, and Masakazu Aono. "Facile fabrication of silk protein sericin-mediated hierarchical hydroxyapatite-based bio-hybrid architectures: excellent adsorption of toxic heavy metals and hazardous dye from wastewater." RSC Advances 6, no. 89 (2016): 86607–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra12818a.

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Facilely fabricated silk protein sericin-mediated hierarchical hydroxyapatite hybrid architectures show excellent adsorption of toxic heavy metal ions of Pb(ii), Cd(ii) and Hg(ii) and a hazardous dye, Congo red (CR), from wastewater.
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10

Geneti, Sintayehu Tamenne, Gemechis Asfaw Mekonnen, H. C. Ananda Murthy, Endale Tsegaye Mohammed, C. R. Ravikumar, Bedasa Abdisa Gonfa, and Fedlu Kedir Sabir. "Biogenic Synthesis of Magnetite Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract of Thymus schimperi and Their Application for Monocomponent Removal of Chromium and Mercury Ions from Aqueous Solution." Journal of Nanomaterials 2022 (April 15, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5798824.

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Currently, plant templated synthesis of magnetite iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) was emerged for multifunctional purposes. In this study, the leaf extract of the plant Thymus schimperi was utilized to synthesize Fe3O4 NPs. The synthesized NPs were characterized by using technical tools such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) analysis, and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and thermal analysis (TGA-DTA). The XRD result corroborated the presence of desired phase formation having pure cubic face centered phase structure with average crystallite particle size ranging from 20 nm to 30 nm. SEM micrographs confirmed microstructural homogeneities and remarkably different morphology of Fe3O4 NPs. Mercury (II) and chromium (VI) removal efficiencies of Fe3O4 NPs were found to be 90% and 86% from aqueous solution at initial concentration of 20 mg/L, respectively. Various factors which affect the metal ion removal efficiency such as metal ion initial concentrations, pH, contact time, and adsorbent dosage were also studied. The optimum pH and contact time for chromium ion adsorption were pH 5 and 60 min and that of mercury were observed to be pH 7 and 90 min, respectively. The Langmuir isotherm was best fitted for sorption of Hg(II) ion, and the Freundlich isotherm was best fitted with sorption of Cr(VI) ion onto the surface of Fe3O4 NPs. The mechanism of adsorption of both Hg(II) and Cr(VI) ions was obeyed pseudo 2nd order kinetics. The recorded percent removal efficiencies revealed that these Fe3O4 NPs synthesized through leaf extract of the plant called Thymus schimperi have demonstrated excellent potentiality in the remediation of heavy metal ions. The synthesized Fe3O4 NPs were regenerated (reused) for adsorptive removal of Hg(II) and Cr(VI) for five consecutive cycles without significant loss of removal efficiency. Fe3O4 NPs were reused with only 4.17% loss of removal efficiency against Hg(II) and only 3% loss of removal efficiency against Cr(VI) metal ions.
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11

Aggarwal, Ruchi, Satyesh Raj Anand, Deepika Saini, Gunture Gunture, Ravindra Singh, Amit Kumar Sonker, and Sumit Kumar Sonkar. "Surface-passivated, soluble and non-toxic graphene nano-sheets for the selective sensing of toxic Cr(vi) and Hg(ii) metal ions and as a blue fluorescent ink." Nanoscale Advances 1, no. 11 (2019): 4481–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9na00377k.

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Blue fluorescent f-GNS were synthesized by an amine functionalization process, for sensing of toxic Cr(vi) and Hg(ii) metal ions. f-GNS showed a non-toxic behavior against E. coli cells and also be used as a fluorescent ink.
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12

Giri, A. K., and R. K. Patel. "Toxicity and bioaccumulation potential of Cr (VI) and Hg (II) on differential concentration by Eichhornia crassipes in hydroponic culture." Water Science and Technology 63, no. 5 (March 1, 2011): 899–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.268.

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In this work, the phytoremediation of Cr (VI) and Hg (II) ion from water by an aquatic plant Eichhornia crassipes has been studied. Plants were cultured in a double distillated water with modified Hoagland’s nutrient solution at pH 6.8 supplemented with 0, 0.75, 1.50, 2.50, and 4 mg Cr/L as potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) and 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg Hg/L as mercuric chloride (HgCl2). They were separately harvested after 3, 6 and 9 days. Plants treated with 4 mg/L of Cr (VI) accumulated the highest concentration of metal in roots (1.22 mg/g, dry weight) and shoots (0.24 mg/g, dry weight) after 9 days; while those treated with 20 mg/L of Hg (II) accumulated the highest concentration of metal in roots (4.22 mg/g, dry weight) and shoots (2.43 mg/g, dry weight) after 9 days. Eichhornia crassipes biomass was characterised using AAS, SEM and FTIR. The accumulation and relative growth of metal ions at different concentrations of chromium and mercury solution significantly increased (P<0.05) with the passage of time. The maximum values of bio-concentration factor (BCF) for Cr (VI) and Hg (II) were found to be 413.33 and 502.40 L/kg respectively.
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13

Ali, Daban, Nasreen Abdulrahman, and Bayan Rahim. "Some Heavy Metals Status and Water quality parameters of Darbandikhan Dam, Sirwan and Tanjaro." Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences 14, no. 1 (March 25, 2023): 129–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.58928/ku23.14111.

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Three stations were used for this study, including the Darbandikhan Dam at coordinates 35°7'16"N, 45°43'18"E, the Sirwan River at coordinates 35°7'17"N, 45°50'54"E, and the Tanjaro River at coordinates 35°14'22"N, 45°51'58"E, to examine the concentration of heavy metals there over a six-month period. The studied heavy metals include Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu, Co and Cr analyzed by ICP-OES (Spectro acros). Temperature values range between 13-30.9 Cº, Dissolved Oxygen value ranged between 4.82- 9.5 mg L-1, pH values varied between 6.11-7.97, Total Hardness level exceed (100mg L-1), The sulphate value was between 51 and 145 mg L-1, Nitrate values ranged from 3.01 to 14.7 mg L-1, The range of electrical conductivity of this study was 191 to 595 µs cm-1, The concentration of calcium ions (Ca2+) was between 48-104 mg L-1, Magnesium concentration was between 12.6-40 mg L-1. Hg, Cr and Cd were below detectable level, the Pb was higher in August 2021, Cu in September 2021 in Darbandikhan Dam. In Tanjaro River Site each of Cd and Hg were below detectable level, the Cr, Co, Cu and Pb were higher in October 2021. In Sirwan River Site each of Cd Hg were below detectable level, Cr, Co, Cu and Pb were higher in August 2021.
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14

Gonçalves, A. C., V. Pilla, E. Oliveira, S. M. Santos, J. L. Capelo, A. A. Dos Santos, and C. Lodeiro. "The interaction of Hg2+and trivalent ions with two new fluorescein bio-inspired dual colorimetric/fluorimetric probes." Dalton Transactions 45, no. 23 (2016): 9513–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6dt01180b.

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Two new bio-inspired fluorescein derivatives were successfully synthesized and both the compounds showed a “turn on” fluorescence in the presence of trivalent (Al3+, Fe3+, Ga3+, Cr3+) and Hg2+metal ions, forming mononuclear complexes in acetonitrile.
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15

Meena, Bashdar I., Tara F. Tahir, Shalaw Z. Sdeeq, and Khalid N. Sediq. "Toxic Metals in Some Decorative Cosmetics and Nail Products." ARO-THE SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF KOYA UNIVERSITY 10, no. 2 (October 14, 2022): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14500/aro.11067.

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Cosmetic marketing is one of the most profitable and fast increasing markets in Kurdistan Region of Iraq. In recent years, the use of cosmetics has witnessed a rapid increase, especially with the emergence of social media and its impact on this trade. The market is full of different cosmetic brands and nail products. Moderate and low-quality brands of cosmetic samples that available in the local markets were selected to investigate their heavy metals and chemical composition. Samples from face foundation, eye shadow, and nail polish products were taken and examined to evaluate the concentration of metals, that is, Hg, Pb, Cd, As, Mn, Cr, Ni, Co, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Al ions, using X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence techniques. The examination results show high concentrations of Fe and Al metals in the lipstick samples whereas the Hg, Cd, Cr, and Ni were out of detection limit. Moreover, the results show contamination of Hg heavy metal in one of the examined nail polishes brands, whereas the rest of foundation and eye shadow samples show a higher concentration of Al and Fe. Curcumin, as a natural bio-friendly chelate, has been used to deplete metal ions using ultraviolet-visible Spectrophotometer.
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16

Beltrán, Blanca G., Luz O. Leal, Laura Ferrer, and Víctor Cerdà. "Masking Agents Evaluation for Lead Determination by Flow Injection-Hydride Generation-Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry Technique: Effect of KI, L-Cysteine, and 1,10-Phenanthroline." International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3095120.

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Hydride generation (HG) of lead technique presents interferences from foreign ions of complex matrix samples. In order to minimize these interferences, the effect of masking agents such as KI, L-cysteine, and 1,10-phenanthroline was studied in the absence and in the presence of selected interfering species (As, Cr, Cu, and Fe). Different modes of addition of masking agents were accomplished, that is, to either sample or KBH4reducing solution. The lead determinations were performed using a flow injection analysis (FIA) system coupled to HG and atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS). The linearity of calibration curves (1–10 μg Pb L−1) was not affected by the addition of the masking agents. The use of KI in the reducing solution diminished interferences from concentrations of As and Cu, while 1,10-phenanthroline showed a positive effect on the interference by As. Moreover, Cr and Cu appeared to be the most serious interfering ions for plumbane (PbH4), because they drastically reduced the analytical signal of lead. Fe did not present any interference under the employed experimental conditions, even at high levels. The accuracy was established through the analysis of certified reference material (i.e., BCR-610, groundwater) using KI as masking agent. The detection limit reached by FIA-HG-AFS proposed methodology was 0.03 μg Pb L−1.
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17

Journal, Baghdad Science. "Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial of 2,3-Dihydrobenzo Thiazole-2-Carboxylic Acid Complexes with Some Selected Metal Ions." Baghdad Science Journal 12, no. 4 (December 6, 2015): 785–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.12.4.785-796.

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A new ligand 2,3-dihydrobenzo [d] thiazole-2-carboxylic acid (L) has been prepared from the reaction of ortho amino phenyl thiol with dichloroacetic acid in mole ratio (1:1). It has been characterized by elemental analysis (C.H.N.), IR, UV- Vis.spectraand 1H, 13C-NMR. A new series complexes of the bivalent ions (Co, Ni, Cu, Pd, Cd, Hg and Pb) and the trivalent (Cr) have been prepared and characterized too. The structural has been established by elemental analysis (C.H.N.), IR, UV-Vis. spectra, molar conductivity, atomic absorption and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The synthesized complexes were prepared in (1:2) ratio correspond to (Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Pd(II), Cd(II), Hg(II) and Pb(II) complexes while in case Cr(III) complex is (1:1) ratio (M:L). ?, Kf for (Cr(III), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II)) were estimated too. The complexes showed characteristics octahedral geometry with the (O,N) ligand coordinated in bidentate mode except with Pd showed square planer. The study of biological activity of ligand (L) and its complexes showed various activities toward Staphylococcus aureusand E. coli.
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18

Wang, Chen, Jun Ying, Hai-chen Mou, Ai-xiang Tian, and Xiu-li Wang. "Multi-functional photoelectric sensors based on a series of isopolymolybdate-based compounds for detecting different ions." Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 7, no. 20 (2020): 3882–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0qi00505c.

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Five molybdate-based compounds can be used as multi-functional photoelectric sensors. They act as electrochemical sensors for sensing NO2− and Cr(vi). Compound 3 also can be used as a fluorescent sensor for detecting Hg2+.
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19

Taher, Thuraya A., Waleed K. Mahdi, and Falih H. Musa. "Synthesis and Characterization of some Metal Complexes with (3Z ,5Z, 8Z)-2-azido-8-[azido(3Z,5Z)-2-azido-2,6bis(azidocarbonyl)-8,9-dihydro-2H-1,7-dioxa-3,4,5triazonine-9-yl]methyl]-9-[(1-azido-1-hydroxy)methyl]-2H1,7-dioxa-3,4,5-triazonine – 2,6 – dica." Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Science 30, no. 3 (December 28, 2017): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.30526/30.3.1604.

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The reaction of LAs-Cl8 : [ (2,2- (1-(3,4-bis(carboxylicdichloromethoxy)-5-oxo-2,5dihydrofuran-2-yl)ethane – 1,2-diyl)bis(2,2-dichloroacetic acid)]with sodium azide in ethanol with drops of distilled water has been investigated . The new product L-AZ :(3Z ,5Z,8Z)-2azido-8-[azido(3Z,5Z)-2-azido-2,6-bis(azidocarbonyl)-8,9-dihydro-2H-1,7-dioxa-3,4,5triazonine-9-yl]methyl]-9-[(1-azido-1-hydroxy)methyl]-2H-1,7-dioxa-3,4,5-triazonine – 2,6 – dicarbonylazide was isolated and characterized by elemental analysis (C.H.N) , 1H-NMR , Mass spectrum and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR) . The reaction of the L-AZ withM+n: [ ( VO(II) , Cr(III) ,Mn(II) , Co(II) , Ni(II) , Cu(II) , Zn(II) , Cd(II) and Hg(II)] has been investigated and was isolated and characterized by FT- IR , UV-Visible ,electrical conductivity, magnetic susceptibilities at 22 Co . Atomic absorption and molar ratio Spectroscopic evidence showed that the binding of metal ions were through the azide(μ1,1-N3) Triazonine(3,5 –N3) and carboxyl moieties , resulting in a six – coordinating metal ions (Cr(III),Mn(II),Co(II),Ni(II) and Cu(II) ) .The VO(II) , Zn(II) ,Cd(II), andHg(II) were coordinated through azido (μ-1,1-N3) , triazonine(3,5-N3) only forming square pyramidal for VO(II) and tetrahedral geometry for Zn(II) , Cd(II) ,and Hg(II)β, ́ for Ni(II) , Cr(III) complexes were calculated too . The molar ratio and metal estimation showed , the ratio of LAZ to metal ions was (10:1) ; (M/L) .
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20

Al-Hasawi, Zaki M., Mohammad I. Abdel-Hamid, Adel W. Almutairi, and Hussein E. Touliabah. "Response of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata in Free and Alginate Immobilized Cells to Heavy Metals Toxicity." Molecules 25, no. 12 (June 19, 2020): 2847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25122847.

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Effects of 12 heavy metals on growth of free and alginate-immobilized cells of the alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata were investigated. The tested metals ions include Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Se, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn. Toxicity values (EC50) were calculated by graphical interpolation from dose-response curves. The highest to the lowest toxic metals are in the order Cd > Co > Hg > Cu > Ni > Zn > Cr > Al > Se > As > Pb > Sr. The lowest metal concentration (mg L−1) inhibiting 50% (EC50) of algal growth of free and immobilized (values in parentheses) algal cells were, 0.018 (0.09) for Cd, 0.03 (0.06) for Co, 0.039 (0.06) for Hg, 0.048 (0.050) for Cu, 0.055 (0.3) for Ni, 0.08 (0.1) for Zn, 0.2 (0.3) for Cr, 0.75 (1.8) for Al, 1.2 (1.4) for Se, 3.0 (4.0) for As, 3.3 (5.0) for Pb, and 160 (180) for Sr. Free and immobilized cultures showed similar responses to Cu and Se. The free cells were more sensitive than the immobilized ones. Accordingly, the toxicity (EC50) of heavy metals derived only form immobilized algal cells might by questionable. The study suggests that batteries of alginate-immobilized algae can efficiently replace free algae for the bio-removal of heavy metals.
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21

Singh, Kaptan, Govind Pandey, and Rajesh Singh. "Carcinogenic trace metals in ground water of Bathinda district, Punjab, India." International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology 13, no. 1 (July 9, 2021): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijest.v13i1.16s.

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Water is the second important source for surviving of human being on the earth because of it plays the major role in functioning of the body. in some decades decline the water quality due to the threatening of the environmental conditions and disposed untreated waste water in the water bodies which generate during the different activity in industries and human activities, which causes of increases of contamination of carcinogenic metals Include, mercury, cadmium, Arsenic, chromium, Selenium, Beryllium, Cobalt and nickel in ground water. These toxic metals Cancer causing to human being. Metals found in combined form of other element in the water. Carcinogenic metals Hg, Cr, As, Co, Cd, etc. also constituents of the earth crust. These were soluble in the percolate water, merged in the ground water. we have Evidences of carcinogens metals in the ground water of Bathinda district of Punjab. The present study attempt has been made to identify the types and concentration of different carcinogenic metallic ions present in ground water of South-Western, Bathinda district of Punjab. The pH was ranged from 6.5 -7.4 which were within the permissible limit of drinking ground water. Cr and Hg is above the permissible limit of drinking water quality guideline of WHO and BIS. Cr ranged from 70-360 ppb in ground water and highest level of Cr was observed at Lehra Mohabbat. The permissible limit in drinking water of Hg is 1ppb, all the sample have the Hg concentration level is above the limit. Expect three sites (JWS2-17.6 ppb, Bhambhia-11.9 ppb and Ganga-10.7 ppb) the concentration of Se and As was below the permissible limit.
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22

Gong, Wei-Jie, Rui Yao, Hong-Xi Li, Zhi-Gang Ren, Jian-Guo Zhang, and Jian-Ping Lang. "Luminescent cadmium(ii) coordination polymers of 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(4-pyridylvinyl)benzene used as efficient multi-responsive sensors for toxic metal ions in water." Dalton Transactions 46, no. 48 (2017): 16861–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7dt03876c.

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One luminescent cadmium(ii) coordination polymer of 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(4-pyridylvinyl)benzene works as an efficient multi-responsive sensor for Hg2+, CrO42− and Cr2O72− in water.
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23

Alosaimi, Abeer M. "Polysulfone Membranes Based Hybrid Nanocomposites for the Adsorptive Removal of Hg(II) Ions." Polymers 13, no. 16 (August 19, 2021): 2792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13162792.

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Organic–inorganic nanoparticles, which can improve and modify the mechanical and chemical properties of polymers, have been used as fillers to prepare high-performance hybrid nanocomposite membranes. In this study, we explored whether the incorporation of organic nanofillers (graphene (G), graphene oxide (GO), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), or oxidized carbon nanotubes (CNTOxi)) into polysulfone (PSF) and montmorillonite (MMt)-modified PSF membranes could enhance membrane performance for the removal of heavy metal ions from contaminated solutions. These hybrid membranes were prepared by a phase inversion method using chloroform as the solvent. The surface morphologies of the membranes revealed good dispersibility of the organoclay and carbon nanomaterials in the PSF matrix. The hybrid nanocomposite membranes showed significantly improved thermal stability and mechanical properties as compared to the pristine PSF and PSF/MMt membranes. The adsorption efficiencies of these hybrid adsorptive membranes for Hg(II), Pb(II), Sr(II), Fe(III), Zn(II), Ni(II), Al(III), Co(II), Y(III), and Cr(III) were investigated. The PSF/MMt/CNTOxi and PSF/MMt/GO membranes exhibited the highest adsorption efficiencies. In particular, these adsorptive membranes showed selectivity toward Hg(II), and the Hg(II) extraction percentage was maximized at pH 2. The maximum Hg(II) adsorption capacities of PSF/MMt/CNTOxi and PSF/MMt/GO were 151.36 and 144.89 mg/g, respectively, and the adsorption isotherm was in approval with the Langmuir model. These hybrid nanocomposites can be used in water purification application.
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Rokhati, Nur, Aji Prasetyaningrum, Nur ‘Aini Hamada, Adi Lamda Cahyo Utomo, Hery Budiarto Kurniawan, and Imam Husnan Nugroho. "PEMANFAATAN TONGKOL JAGUNG SEBAGAI ADSORBEN LIMBAH LOGAM BERAT." Jurnal Inovasi Teknik Kimia 6, no. 2 (October 29, 2021): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31942/inteka.v6i2.5508.

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Logam berat adalah istilah untuk logam-logam seperti Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, dan Zn yang sering berhubungan dengan polusi dan toksisitas. Adsorpsi merupakan metode yang paling sering digunakan untuk menghilangkan ion logam. Tongkol jagung berpotensi menjadi adsorben karena kadar selulosanya yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji performa tongkol jagung sebagai adsorben ion Cr(VI) dan Cd(II). Penelitian dimulai dengan perlakuan awal adsorben dan dilanjutkan dengan proses adsorbsi. Kadar logam berat dihitung dengan metode spektrofotometri. Nilai efisiensi penyerapan Cd(II) meningkat dengan adanya perlakuan awal menggunakan suhu tinggi. Jumlah logam yang terserap semakin banyak seiring dengan lamanya waktu adsorpsi dengan efisiensi penyerapan sebesar 94,76% untuk Cr(VI) dan 83,96% untuk Cd(II). Penambahan jumlah adsorben tongkol jagung juga meningkatkan efisiensi penyerapan logam kromium hingga 82,33% dan kadmium sebesar 83,98%. Sedangkan jumlah ion Cr(VI) yang terserap tidak linear dengan penambahan kecepatan pengadukan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa tongkol jagung berpotensi digunakan sebagai adsorben ion logam berat dengan efisiensi di atas 80%. Kata kunci: adsorpsi, kadmium, kromium, tongkol jagung AbstractHeavy metal is a term for metals such as Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn, often associated with pollution and toxicity. Adsorption is the most commonly used method to remove metal ions. Corncob have the potential to be an adsorbent because of their high cellulose content. This study aimed to examine the performance of corncob as an adsorbent of Cr(VI) and Cd(II) ions. The study began with the pretreatment of the adsorbent and continued with the adsorption process. Heavy metal concentration was calculated by the spectrophotometric method. The value of the absorption efficiency of Cd(II) increased with the pretreatment using high temperature. The amount of metal adsorbed increased with the length of adsorption time with the absorption efficiency of 94.76% for Cr(VI) and 83.96% for Cd(II). The addition of corncob adsorbent also increased the efficiency of chromium metal absorption up to 82.33% and cadmium by 83.98%. Meanwhile, the amount of Cr(VI) ion adsorbed was not linear with increasing stirring speed. Based on the results, it can be concluded that corncob could be used as heavy metal ion adsorbents with an efficiency above 80%. Keywords: adsorption, cadmium, chromium, corn cob
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Cahyono, Handaru B., Nurul Mahmida A, and Rieke Yuliastuti. "Pengaruh Klorida pada Logam (Ag, Pb, Hg, Fe, Cr, Ni, Zn) terhadap Sedimentasi di Kolam Equalisasi Ipal." Jurnal Riset Teknologi Industri 10, no. 2 (December 30, 2016): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.26578/jrti.v10i2.2561.

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The impact from chloride ions to metal cations Ag, Pb, Hg, Fe, Cr, Ni and Zn contained in wastewater equalization pool WWTP of product quality testing laboratory has been studied.Chloride is able to form a suspension and precipitate contaminant metals such as silver (Ag), lead (Pb) and Mercury (Hg) in the acid environment with pH <3. But this does not applicable to metals such as iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni) and Zinc (Zn).Removal of Ag reached 99.83%, with an initial concentration of about 37.739 mg / L, while Pb and Hg respectively is 70.27% with an initial concentration of approximately 0.381 mg / L and 81.62% with an initial concentration of approximately 2.061 mg Hg / L on the concentration of chlorides in wastewater of about 22,835 mg / L.That reaction forming suspended solid about 584 mg / day and then join with a solid suspension from compound / other material form, so the Total Suspended Solid (TSS) is estimated at 30,295,4 mg / day.TSS will form a sludge at the bottom of the pool equalization so that potentially degrade the performance of the WWTP. Sludge removal process should be performed at least 1 (one) within a period of 7 to 10 months assuming an equalization capacity of 1 - 1.5 m3, so the effectiveness of the WWTP performance can be maintained.ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan penelitian pengaruh ion klorida terhadap kation logam Ag, Pb, Hg, Fe, Cr, Ni dan Zn yang terdapat pada limbah cair dalam kolam Equalisasi IPAL laboratorium uji kualitas produk. Klorida mampu membentuk suspensi dan mengendapkan cemaran logam seperti Perak (Ag), Timbal (Pb) dan Merkuri (Hg) pada suasana asam dengan pH<3. Namun hal ini tidak berlaku untuk logam seperti Besi (Fe), Chrom (Cr), Nikel (Ni), dan Zink (Zn). Pengurangan logam Ag mencapai 99,83 % dengan konsentrasi awal sekitar 37,739 mg/L sedangkan logam Pb dan Hg berturut-turut adalah 70,27% dengan konsentrasi awal sekitar 0,381 mg/L dan 81,62% dengan konsentrasi awal Hg sekitar 2,061 mg/L pada konsentrasi Klorida dalam limbah cair sekitar 22.835 mg/L.Suspendedsolidyang terbentuk dari reaksi tersebut adalah 584 mg/hari dan bergabung dengansuspensi solid yang terbentuk dari senyawa/material lain, sehingga Total Suspended Solid (TSS) diperkirakan sebesar 30,295,4 mg/hari. TSS tersebut akan membentuk lumpur pada dasar kolam ekualisasi sehingga berpotensi menurunkan kinerja IPAL. Proses pengangkatan lumpur harus dilakukan minimal 1 (satu) kali dalam kurun waktu 7 hingga 10 bulan dengan asumsi kapasitas kolam equalisasi 1 – 1,5 m3, sehingga efektifitas kinerja IPAL dapat terjaga.Kata kunci: IPAL laboratorium, klorida, padatan tersuspensi, pengendapan
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M. Hewas, Agab, Eissa M. Alakhdar, and Rajab M. Asar. "ESTIMATING OF PRODUCED WATERQUANTITIES IN SEVERAL FIELDS OFAL-WAHA COMPANY AND ITS IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 01 (January 31, 2022): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/14029.

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Oil exploration activities generate loads of produced water (PW) up to thousands of tons a day, depending on the age of oil supply wells, soil, rock type, and used techniques.This study revealed the presence of some toxic metal ions in PW such asCd+2 (0.51-2.05ppm), Cr+3 (0.06-1.81ppm),Pb+2(0.03-26.9ppm) and Hg+2 (<0.61ppm), there are also another pollutantsin PW for example, a wide range of oil drops (24-240.5ppm) and dissolved solids (43.5-196.5ppm).
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Nicolli, Annamaria, Andrea Trevisan, Isabella Bortoletti, Assunta Pozzuoli, Pietro Ruggieri, Andrea Martinelli, Alberto Gambalunga, and Mariella Carrieri. "Biological Monitoring of Metal Ions Released from Hip Prostheses." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9 (May 6, 2020): 3223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093223.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of As, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Tl, V, and Zn, by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in the urine of two groups of patients with two different types of metal-on-metal (MoM) total hip prostheses (ASR DePuy®, group A, 25 patients; total Met-Met System Lima®, group B, 28 patients). The determination of metals reflected a steady-state release (group A: 9 years after surgery and group B: 6 years after surgery). The results obtained confirmed the increase of Co and Cr urinary levels in both group when compared with the reference values for the general population adopted by the Italian Society of Reference Values (SIVR). In particular, Co and Cr levels exceeded the threshold values in urine, respectively, of 30 μg and 21 µg, adjusted to creatinine based on the threshold in whole blood of 7 μg/L proposed by the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). Regarding the other investigated metals, significantly higher values were found in Group A than in Group B. These differences could be due to the type of hip prosthesis implanted, the longer period of time since the implantation, as well as many other factors such as diet, age, drug consumption, physical activity, or presence of dental fillings. The continuous monitoring over the years of metal concentrations in patients carrying a prosthesis could be useful to better identify the sources of these metals.
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Guimaraes Miranda, Thaynara, Helhe Daiany Cabral Silva Pimentel, Ellane Jacqueline Coelho Moreira Gomes, Anna Karla Dos Santos Pereira, Grasiele Soares Cavallini, and Douglas Henrique Pereira. "Toxic effects of Cr, Cu, Se, Cd, Hg and Pb ions on the environment and human health: a review." Concilium 23, no. 16 (August 22, 2023): 307–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.53660/clm-1782-23m16.

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The presence of potentially toxic cations and anions in the environment has become a global problem, mainly due to their high toxicity and ability to bioaccumulate/biomagnify. Although elements considered toxic may occur naturally, human activities contribute significantly to increasing the concentration of these substances in ecosystems. In this context, this review addresses details of the disposition of mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), selenium (Se) and copper (Cu) ions in soils and water bodies, as well as the consequences of the presence of these ions to human health and the environment. In small amounts, part of these elements are considered essential and with established and significant functions in several biological processes, but in high concentrations they can cause serious damage to human health.
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Cheng, Xinjian, Yun Yu, Yiru Jia, and Lian Duan. "Fluorescent PU films for detection and removal of Hg 2+ , Cr 3+ and Fe 3+ ions." Materials & Design 95 (April 2016): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.01.103.

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Vaid, Kalyan, Jasmeen Dhiman, Nikita Sarawagi, Suresh Kumar, and Vanish Kumar. "Development of Metal Nanoparticles Based Sensing Platform for Lead in Aqueous Samples." Materials Proceedings 4, no. 1 (November 11, 2020): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iocn2020-07852.

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Lead (Pb) is one of the highly persistent and major toxic health hazards listed by various health organizations. A stable, specific, and simple sensor which can rapidly detect Pb in drinking water is required urgently. To this end, we have prepared stable and uniformly sized colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using citric acid for the color-based sensing of Pb in water samples. The synthesized AgNPs are characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, DLS-Zeta, and TEM to access their optical and morphological properties. The cit-AgNPs have shown a great affinity/selectivity towards Pb over Cd, Mn, Cr, Fe, Co, Pb, Hg, Zn, and Ti ions. Thus, based on the interaction of cit-AgNPs and Pb, a colorimetric sensor for selective, specific, and expeditious detection of Pb ions has been developed.
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Truong, Trang Thi Cam, Quan Trong Nguyen, and Takaomi Kobayashi. "Chitosan/ zeolite composite membranesa for efficent elimination materials to heavy metals from aquoes solutions." Science and Technology Development Journal 19, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v19i2.704.

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Chitosan and zeolite were composited by incorporation of zeolite into chitosan membranes in varying amounts from 50 to 100wt% of chitosan and glutaraldehyde was used to crosslinking.The zeolite loading in the chitosan membranes was varied in the range of 10%-30%, showing high mechanical properties even in the high zeolite loading. Potential adsorption targeted to waste elimination of heavy metal cations was carried out by using the chitosanzeolite composite membranes. In the permeation experiment, the selectivity of the composite membranes to especially chromium (Cr) was observed in the order of Cr>As>Cd >Hg>Pb>Cu. It was noted that the composite membrane having zeolite loading with 30 wt.% showed the highest performance adsorption selectivity. These results reveal that the composite membranes had a potential avility to purify wastewater by removing heavy metal ions.
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Liu, Yangshuo, Ming Li, and Chiyang He. "Removal of Cr(VI) and Hg(II) ions from wastewater by novel β-CD/MGO-SO3H composite." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 512 (January 2017): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.10.025.

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33

Daou, Ibrahim E., Souley Harouna, Abdourazakou M. Hassan, Roufai H. Oumarou, Abdourahamane T. Dan-Badjo, and Mahamane M. S. Chékaraou. "Assessment of Atmospheric Pollutants Concentrations by Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis: A Case Study of Commune 5 of Niamey City, Niger." European Journal of Environment and Earth Sciences 3, no. 5 (October 28, 2022): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejgeo.2022.3.5.340.

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The aim of this present study is to determine the physicochemical properties of atmospheric particles in commune 5 of the Niamey region. For this purpose, the determination of the atmospheric physical and chemical properties was carried out using a low-volume sampler, a Davis-type weather station, a balance high sensitivity, The Thermo XL2 and the black carbon reflectometer. The pollutants concerned by this study are mainly fine particulate matter (PM2.5), black carbon and heavy metals such as Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ti, V, Zn, Ba, Fe and Sr. According to the result of this study which is carried out over 30 days, the PM2.5 concentrations of air measured were between 0 and 286.54 μg/L with a mean value of 11.65 μg/L. The temperature values were between 24 and 27 °C with an average value of 25.3°C. The humidity value of measured air varies between 8 and 17 % with a mean value of 13.3 %. The measured wind speed values are between 3.24 and 6.48 Km/h with an average value of 4.14 Km/h. According to World Health Organization guidelines the PM2.5, Mn, Hg, Ba, Cr and black carbon concentrations measured during this study exceeded the permissible limit values. Correlation analysis results highlighted a strong correlation between Mn-Fe, Mn-Zn, Mn-Ti, Mn-V, Mn-Cr, Zn-Ti, Zn-V, Zn-Cr, Ti-V, and Ti-Cr indicating that these ions come from a common source. According to principal component analysis for heavy metals, three principal factors that explain 87.34% of the total variance have been formed. Component 1 includes V, Zn, Ti and Cr with a variance value of 56.067 %; the second factor includes Ba and black carbon with a variance value of 19.665 % and the third factor is only represented by Sr with a variance value of 11.612 %. The high value of variance observed in the first group of components indicated that V, Zn, Ti and Cr are the main pollutants that control the air pollution in the study area.
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Choudhary, Anurag, Praveen Kumar, Anurag Kadawasara, and Sardaar Singh Poonia. "Facile One Pot Synthesis of Thiocarbamoyl Chitosan for the Adsorptive Elimination of Hexavalent Cr (VI) Ions." Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 26, no. 5 (April 25, 2022): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/2605rjce126136.

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The industrial effluents include heavy metals such as Cr, Pb, Hg,Cu, Ni etc. which are affecting ecosystem and have harmful effects on mankind. Biopolymers like chitosan have been extensively applied for waste water treatment. Use of thio urea and glutaraldehyde to make thiocarbamoyl chitosan was investigated for removal of chromium ion from aqueous solution. TC-CS was characterized by various spectrometric techniques such as FTIR, SEM, EDX, BET and pHzpc. It was observed that 94% of metal ions have been removed within the first 2 hrs after contact with bio-sorbent. The adsorption study indicates that the removal rate of Cr (VI) ions from aqueous solution by TC-CS sorbent was excellent and up to 1.06 mmol/gm (56.18 mg/gm). The removal efficiency was dependent on solution-pH, contact time, adsorbent dose and initial metal concentration. The highest adsorption was found at pH 6 at 100 mg of adsorbent. Adsorption kinetics data followed pseudo second order kinetic model with linear coefficient of 0.9997. The adsorption process could be described well by Langmuir isotherm (R2=0.9860) suggesting favourable adsorption through homogeneous monolayer adsorption.
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Makawita, Galabadage Indika Pavithrani Silva, Indira Wickramasinghe, and Isuru Wijesekara. "Analysis of metals and metalloids present in Sri Lankan dried seaweeds and assessing the possibility of health impact to general consumption patterns." Aquatic Living Resources 33 (2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/alr/2020017.

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Seaweeds are considered as a functional food across many regions of the world and has an increasing consumption trend due to its health benefits. However, there is a concern regarding the amount of heavy metals and metalloids present in seaweeds. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the levels of metals present in specific seaweeds and its potential impact on consumption. Considered metal ions were Arsenic (As), Copper (Cu) Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb) and Mercury (Hg). At the assessment done at four different sites in the coastal regions of Sri Lanka for chlorophytes, rhodophytes and phaeophytes. Concentration of metals were analyzed using the ICPOES. According to the arrived results, concentration of metals varies as Cr > Ni > Cd > Cu > As > Pb = Hg with having zero concentration for Hg and Pb for all varieties and all sites. It was also found that the least amounts of metals were present at Jaffna site in phaeophytes (Sargassum sp.) and chlorophytes (Ulva sp.) When considering the Hazardous Index of the varieties, least was found in Sargassum sp. in Jaffna site. Studies were repeated for 2 seasons and there are significant differences (p < 0.05) between the dry season and wet season in the concentration of heavy metals present. However, since the seaweeds are grown for commercial purposes only in Jaffna area, it is evident that the chlorophyte and phaeophyte varieties claim very low health risk for potential heavy metals and are suitable for consumption purposes.
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Zhang, Yuzhe, Bin Wang, Qian Cheng, Xinling Li, and Zhongyu Li. "Removal of Toxic Heavy Metal Ions (Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Co, Hg, and Cd) from Waste Batteries or Lithium Cells Using Nanosized Metal Oxides: A Review." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 7231–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.18748.

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How to remove harmful heavy metal ions from waste batteries or lithium cells efficiently has been the focus of scholars. More and more metal oxides had been used to deal with the pollution of heavy metal caused by waste batteries in recent years. Nanostructured metal oxides have great potential because of their large comparative areas. The adsorption for these heavy metal ions can be further improved by using modified metal oxides as adsorbents. At present, iron oxide is widely used in this field. Other metal oxides have also been studied in removing these heavy metal ions. Compared to other metal oxides, the adsorbents made of iron oxide are easy to be separated from the reaction system. pH value in the solution can affect the activity of adsorption sites on metal oxides adsorbents and change the distribution of ions in solution. As a result, pH value can significantly influence the adsorption of metal oxides adsorbents for heavy metal ions from waste batteries or lithium cells.
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37

Nowicka, Beatrycze, Bartosz Pluciński, Paulina Kuczyńska, and Jerzy Kruk. "Physiological characterization of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii acclimated to chronic stress induced by Ag, Cd, Cr, Cu and Hg ions." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 130 (August 2016): 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.04.010.

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38

Filippidou, Myrto-Kyriaki, and Stavros Chatzandroulis. "Microfluidic Devices for Heavy Metal Ions Detection: A Review." Micromachines 14, no. 8 (July 28, 2023): 1520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14081520.

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The contamination of air, water and soil by heavy metal ions is one of the most serious problems plaguing the environment. These metal ions are characterized by a low biodegradability and high chemical stability and can affect humans and animals, causing severe diseases. In addition to the typical analysis methods, i.e., liquid chromatography (LC) or spectrometric methods (i.e., atomic absorption spectroscopy, AAS), there is a need for the development of inexpensive, easy-to-use, sensitive and portable devices for the detection of heavy metal ions at the point of interest. To this direction, microfluidic and lab-on-chip (LOC) devices fabricated with novel materials and scalable microfabrication methods have been proposed as a promising approach to realize such systems. This review focuses on the recent advances of such devices used for the detection of the most important toxic metal ions, namely, lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) ions. Particular emphasis is given to the materials, the fabrication methods and the detection methods proposed for the realization of such devices in order to provide a complete overview of the existing technology advances as well as the limitations and the challenges that should be addressed in order to improve the commercial uptake of microfluidic and LOC devices in environmental monitoring applications.
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Qian, Yong, Xiangfu Meng, Hongji Liu, Xingyu Wang, and Hui Wang. "Bifunctional Nanoparticles as a Recyclable Fluorescent Sensor for pH and Cu2+ Detection and Removal of Heavy Metal Ions." Nano 15, no. 04 (April 2020): 2050048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292020500484.

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Magnetic and fluorescent-based sensors have demonstrated widely applications due to their easily recycle and quickly optical response. However, the complex synthesis and weaker function of these sensors limit their practical applications. Herein, an unmodified, magnetic-functionalized carbon dots-based fluorescent sensor has been developed for label-free detection of pH and Cu[Formula: see text] with high sensitivity. The sensors can not only reversibly quench and recover the fluorescence signals in response to the variation of surrounding environment including pH and Cu[Formula: see text], but also be used as a high-efficiency recyclable adsorbent for removing Cu[Formula: see text], Hg[Formula: see text], Cr[Formula: see text] and Pb[Formula: see text] from aqueous solution.
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Jing, Xiang Dang, Bo Yu, and Jun Ge Xie. "Retartation Performance to Pollutants of Antiseepage Slurry for Waste Landfill Sites." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 1551–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.1551.

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Based on self-developed bentonite - fly ash - cement（BFC）slurry and flexible wall permeameter, infiltration test was conducted on slurry concretion samples of different height using heavy metal ions Solution and leachate from waste landfill site. Test proved that as a result of the infiltration deposition and adsorption residence performance, retardation by slurry concretion happened in about 30mm of initial infiltration to 95% of heavy metal ion pollutants(Hg, As, Pb, Cr, Cd etc.) and 60% of waste leachate pollutants (NH4-N, TN, TP, CODCr, BOD5 etc.). Moreover, blocking rate for all pollutants presents an increasing trend along with the increase of the height of slurry concretion samples in a defined way.
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Tasic, Aleksandra, Ivana Sredovic-Ignjatovic, Ljubisa Ignjatovic, Ivan Andjelkovic, Malisa Antic, and Ljubinka Rajakovic. "Investigation of different extraction procedures for the determination of major and trace elements in coal by ICP-AES and ion chromatography." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 81, no. 4 (2016): 403–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc150429078t.

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This paper presents the extraction of major and trace elements from a coal sample, in deionized water, by using three different extraction techniques. Rotary mixing and ultrasonic extraction were examined for different extraction times, while the microwave assisted extraction was performed at different temperatures. Metal concentrations (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Al, Fe, Mn, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Hg, As, Ni, Se, Sb and Pb) in a solution were determined by employing the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry; whereas the results obtained for Na, K, Ca and Mg were compared employing ion chromatography. Comparing the rotary and ultrasonic-assisted extraction it is shown that the former is more efficient for the determination of Fe, Na and Pb, whereas the latter one has proven more efficient for the determination of Co and Cr ions. Microwave-assisted extraction has proven the most efficient method for any elements tested in coal. In addition, sequential extraction of elements was done using microwave digestion. The results of sequential extraction experiments indicated associations of investigated elements with a mineral phase and organic matrix. Sequential extraction provided information on possible leaching of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, Fe and Mn in environmental conditions.
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Nathan, Risha Jasmine, Arvind Kumar Jain, and Rhonda J. Rosengren. "Non-Equilibrium Multi-Ion Biosorption Isotherms for Removal of Heavy Metals from Drinking Water." Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 14, no. 2 (Special issue) (June 15, 2021): 246–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijfmp.0974.3383.14221.34.

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Biosorption isotherms define the relationship between biosorption capacity of the biosorbent and the equilibrium concentration of the ions in solution, at a constant temperature. Experiments are routinely performed under near-equilibrium because it is impossible to determine the exact time at which equilibrium was attained. A novel attempt to study multi-ion biosorption in non-equilibrium conditions has been made, based on the Probability Isotherm theory. Materials and Methods: Probability Isotherm theory was examined with cucumber and kiwifruit peel beads which are reported to be efficient biosorbents. The peels were incubated in a cocktail of seven ions (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb and Ni) at the same initial concentration (0.1- 15 mgL-1) and four different temperatures (25-55°C). Non-equilibrium biosorption data were modeled by Langmuir isotherm model. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA coupled with a Bonferroni post-hoc test on GraphPad Prism 8 software. Cd and Ni ions showed the most well-defined trends with Langmuir isotherm model. The binding of ions was physico-chemical with simultaneously occurring physisorption and tchemisorption reactions. Conclusions: Probability Isotherm theory can be applied to multi-ion biosorption in non-equilibrium conditions. The behavior of each ion is unique and no two biosorption systems are alike.
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Al-Ghamdi, Youssef O., Khalid A. Alamry, Mahmoud A. Hussein, Hadi M. Marwani, and Abdullah M. Asiri. "Sulfone-modified chitosan as selective adsorbent for the extraction of toxic Hg(II) metal ions." Adsorption Science & Technology 37, no. 1-2 (December 25, 2018): 139–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263617418818957.

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In this study, a new category of sulfone-modified chitosan derivatives as surface-selective adsorbents for the extraction of toxic Hg(II) metal has been synthesized in good yield. Sulfone-modified chitosan/5–20 based on variable loading of the corresponding phenacyl bromide (5, 10, 15, and 20% with respect to the original weight of the pure chitosan) was synthesized. The β-ketosulfone derivative, namely 1–(4-bromophenyl)-2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethanone, was first prepared by treatment of the corresponding phenacyl bromide with a sufficient amount of sodium benzene sulfinate; its chemical structure was confirmed by spectral analyses, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and mass spectrometry. Then, sulfone-modified chitosan/5–20 derivatives were synthesized by the interaction of chitosan with a freshly prepared p-bromo-β-ketosulfone derivative in a mildly acidic aqueous solution using the solution-blending technique. Sulfone-modified chitosan/5–20 derivatives were identified and characterized using common characterization techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscope, powder X-ray diffraction, and thermal behaviour. A strong interaction was displayed between chitosan and its corresponding β-ketosulfones in powder X-ray diffraction, which was confirmed by significant 2θ shifts. Sulfone-modified chitosan/5–20 derivatives were detected as catalysts, which efficiently increased the thermal decomposition of pure chitosan. More particularly, the efficiency of sulfone-modified chitosan/5–20 derivatives for Hg(II), Pb(II), Ni(II), Al(III), Sr(II), Cr(III), Fe(III), Zn(II), and Mn(II) detection and adsorption was also investigated using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The sulfone-modified chitosan/5 derivative exhibited the highest adsorption efficiency. The most effective quantitative adsorption onto the sulfone-modified chitosan/5 surface was detected at pH = 2. In addition to that, the adsorption isotherm showed that the adsorption capacity of sulfone-modified chitosan/5 for Hg(II) was 122.47 mg g−1 and that its adsorption isotherm was in agreement with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.
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44

Ryszko, Urszula, Piotr Rusek, and Dorota Kołodyńska. "Quality of Phosphate Rocks from Various Deposits Used in Wet Phosphoric Acid and P-Fertilizer Production." Materials 16, no. 2 (January 13, 2023): 793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16020793.

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Phosphate rocks (PRs) play a crucial role in ensuring the availability of phosphorous for the world’s food needs. PRs are used to manufacture phosphoric acid in the wet process as well as P-fertilizers. The chemical and mineralogical compositions of PRs from Djebel Onk (Algeria), Khneifiss (Syria), Negev (Israel), Bou Craa (Morocco), and Khouribga (Morocco) are discussed in this study. PRs were characterized by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS), ion chromatography (IC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), as well as gravimetric and potentiometric methods. All PRs were mainly composed of CaO, P2O5, SiO2, F, SO3, Na2O, MgO, Al2O3, Fe2O3, SrO, and K2O at the level of wt.%. The P2O5 content accounted for 28.7–31.2%, which indicates that these are beneficial rocks to a marketable product. The degree of PR purity expressed by the minor elements ratio index (MER index) varied from 2.46% to 10.4%, and the CaO/P2O5 weight ratio from 1.6 to 1.9. In addition, the occurrence of trace elements such as As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Ti, V, U, and Zn, as well as Cr(VI) and Cl ions at the level of mg∙kg−1 was found. Since PRs will be used to produce P-fertilizers, their composition was compared with the regulatory parameters set up by EU Regulation 2019/1009 related to the heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb, Ni, Hg, Cu, Zn) and Cr(VI) contents in inorganic fertilizers. The heavy metals and Cr(VI) content in all PRs did not exceed the limit values. XRD analysis revealed that fluorapatite, hydroxyapatite, carbonate fluorapatite, and carbonate hydroxyapatite were the dominant minerals. The accuracy and precision of the used methods were evaluated by analysis of standard reference materials (SRM) for Western Phosphate Rock (NIST 694). The recovery was 85.3% for U and 109% for K2O, and the RSD ranged from 0.67% to 12.8%.
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45

Zhou, Rongnong, and Kurt E. Geckeler. "Complexation of Poly(ethyleneimine)-Bound 8-Hydroxyquinoline with Palladium(II)." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 47, no. 9 (September 1, 1992): 1300–1306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1992-0915.

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The complexing behavior of poly(ethyleneimine) 5-sulfonyl-8-hydroxyquinoline (POX) with palladium(II) ions in aqueous solution was studied by means of spectrophotometry in the visible region. It was shown that poly(ethyleneimine) 5-sulfonyl-8-hydroxyquinoline forms a stable, water-soluble, orange-colored complex which has a maximum absorption at a wavelength of 424 nm. The effect of pH, concentration of poly(ethyleneimine) 5-sulfonyl-8-hydroxyquinoline, concentration of palladium(II) ions, and time were investigated. The results show that in a pH range between 2 and 5, the absorbance is constant for 40 minutes. The linear concentration range for palladium(II) ions was determined to be 0-2.5 μg · ml-1 and the molar extinction coefficients 1.06 · 104 (1 · mol-1 · cm-1) for the polymeric derivative and 7.15 · 103 for the monomeric 8-hydroxyquinoline. The effect of tartaric acid as a masking agent was examined in order to eliminate the influence from other ions. The simultaneous presence of K(I), Cs(I), Li(I), Ba(II), Ca(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), Mn(II), Ni(II), Al(III), As(III), Au(III), Cr(III), Fe(III), Pt(IV), As(V) did not interfere with the complexation of poly(ethyleneimine) 5-sulfonyl-8-hydroxyquinoline and palladium(II). However, it was found that NH4+ interferes strongly. The polymer 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative exhibited a 45% higher sensitivity to Pd(II) ions in comparison to the low-molecular-weight 8-hydroxyquinoline.
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46

Wang, Hong, Lei Nie, Yan Xu, Chao Du, Tao Zhang, and Yuzheng Wang. "Effects of Highway-Related Pollutant on the Groundwater Quality of Turfy Swamps in the Changbai Mountain Area." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 8 (August 3, 2018): 1652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081652.

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Transportation activities such as fuel consumption, vehicle wear and road deicing can detrimentally affect the groundwater quality of fragile roadside wetland environments including. Nineteen parameters (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni, Hg, As, pH, TDS, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, SO42−, Cl−, HCO3−, NO3− and F−) were determined in groundwater samples from turfy swamps impacted by highway traffic from Jiangyuan (JY), Longquan (LQ), and Huangsongdian (HSD). Our results indicate that the metals Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, the ions Na+, K+ and Cl− in groundwater were negatively affected by highway transportation, and the maximum affected distance of these pollutants varied from 15 to 100 m. The content of most of these pollutants in roadside groundwater decreased exponentially with the distance from the highway, as did the heavy metal pollution index HPI and Cd. The values of HPI and Cd in these three sites ranged from 46.8 to 78.4 and −4.9 to −2.9, respectively. The low pollution levels of heavy metals are related to the strong adsorption capacity of turfy soil towards metals. In any case, road transport activities increased the Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, Na+, K+ and Cl− content in roadside groundwater in turfy swamp. With the increase of highway operation time, it will inevitably have a great influence on the groundwater quality of these wetlands. Therefore, the long-term monitoring is necessary to protect the sustainable development of turfy swamp.
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47

Tackett, James E. "FT-IR Characterization of Metal Acetates in Aqueous Solution." Applied Spectroscopy 43, no. 3 (March 1989): 483–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702894202931.

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A correlation has been developed between antisymmetric and symmetric carboxylate group infrared absorption frequencies, cationic radii, and acetate group types that can be used to differentiate between ionic, unidentate, bidentate, and bridging acetate groups in aqueous metal acetate solutions. In solutions containing the alkali metal, alkaline earth, and Mn(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) ions, the acetate group is primarily ionic. The bound acetate groups in Ce(III), Pb(II), Sm(III), Y(III), and Yb(III) systems are bidentate. A solution of Cr(III) acetate has bridging acetate groups. Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) appear to form H-bonded unidentate structures in which an acetate oxygen not coordinated to the metal is hydrogen bonded to a coordinated water molecule. Hg(II) acetate has bridging acetate groups and might also have unidentate acetate groups.
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48

Arora, Vasundhara, Navneet Bithel, and Raj Singh. "A Study on Heavy Metal Sources and Pollution: Challenge to Biological and Ecosystem." Bulletin of Pure & Applied Sciences- Botany 42, no. 1 (June 18, 2023): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/bpas.2023.42b.1.7.

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The heavy metals pollution is a major environmental problem the modem world is facing today. These are major inorganic contaminants in the environment. Though a number of heavy metals are essential micronutrients for both plants and animals, but these are toxic at higher concentrations. The heavy metal ions of Al, Cr, Mn,Ca, Fe, Ni, Ca, Zn, Cd, Hg and Pb are major inorganic contaminants in the environment. These also affect soil microbial populations and their metabolic activities. These adversely affect the molecular mechanisms of life. The weathering of bedrock, volcanoes, forest fires and dust are natural sources of heavy metals to soils and ecosystems. The man made activities such as mining, smelting, printing, battery-manufacturing, electroplating, tanning etc. are resulting in high concentrations of these metals in the environments. This study described the different sources of heavy metals and their health hazards.
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49

Landing, W. M., J. M. Caffrey, S. D. Nolek, and K. Gosnell. "Atmospheric wet deposition of mercury and other trace elements in Pensacola, Florida." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 6 (December 21, 2009): 27649–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-27649-2009.

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Abstract. To understand and quantify the impact of local, regional, and distant atmospheric mercury sources to rainfall mercury deposition in the Pensacola, Florida watershed, a program of event-based rainfall sampling was started in late 2004. Modified Aerochem-Metrics wet/dry rainfall samplers were deployed at three sites in the region around the Crist coal-fired power plant and event-based samples were collected continuously for three years. Samples were analyzed for total mercury, volatile elements As, Se, and Sn, and a suite of trace elements including Al, Bi, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, Fe, Ho, Ga, Gd, La, Li, Lu, Mg, Mn, Na, Nb, Nd, Ni, P, Pb, Pr, Rb, Sb, Sc, Si, Sm, Sr, Tb, Th, Ti, Tm, U, V, Y, Yb, and Zn. Nutrients and major ions were also measured on each sample. Multivariate statistical methods are used to sort these tracers into factors that represent potential source components that contribute to the rainfall chemistry. Hg, As, Se, Sn, Sb, and non sea-salt sulfate were all significantly correlated with one anthropogenic factor. Using various Hg/element ratios, we can estimate that 22–33% of the rainfall mercury in the region results from coal combustion.
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50

Xu, Qiang, Ping Yin, Guifang Zhao, Gui Yin, and Rongjun Qu. "Synthesis and characterization of silica gel microspheres encapsulated by salicyclic acid functionalized polystyrene and its adsorption of transition metal ions from aqueous solutions." Open Chemistry 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2010): 214–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-009-0113-0.

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AbstractThe present study was undertaken to develop a novel adsorbent for heavy metal ions, and this paper presents the synthesis and characterization of a composite material-silica gel microspheres encapsulated by salicyclic acid functionalized polystyrene (SG-PS-azo-SA) with a core-shell structure. SG-PS-azo-SA was used to investigate the adsorption of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Fe(III), Hg(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Cr(VI), Pd(II), Cu(II), Ag(I), and Au(III) from aqueous solutions. The results revealed that SG-PS-azo-SA has better adsorption capacity for Cu(II), Ag(I) and Au(III). Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to analyze the experimental data, the best interpretation for the experimental data was given by the Langmuir isotherm equation with the maximum adsorption capacity for Cu(II), Ag(I), and Au(III) at 1.288 mmol g−1, 1.850 mmol g−1 and 1.613 mmol gt-1, respectively. Thus, silica gel encapsulated by salicyclic acid functionalized polystyrene (SG-PS-azo-SA) is favorable and useful for the removal of Cu(II), Ag(I) and Au(III) metal ions.
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