To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: HFTC.
Journal articles on the topic 'HFTC'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'HFTC.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Freedman, J. Daniel, Rostislav Novak, Sharon Bratman Morag, Emily Avitan-Hersh, and David Nikomarov. "Bone Involvement in Hyperphosphatemic Familial Tumoral Calcinosis: A New Phenotypic Presentation." Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal 12, no. 3 (July 20, 2012): e0024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5041/rmmj.10445.
Full textAbstract:
Mutations in FGF23, KL, and GALNT3 have been identified as the cause for the development of hyperphosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis (HFTC). Patients with HFTC typically present in childhood or adolescence with periarticular soft tissue deposits that eventually progress to disrupt normal joint articulation. Mutations in the GALNT3 gene were shown to account for the hyperphosphatemic state in both HFTC and hyperostosis-hyperphosphatemia syndrome (HHS), the latter characterized by bone involvement. We present the case of a patient of a Druze ethnic origin with known HFTC that presented to our department with the first documented case of pathologic fracture occurring secondary to the disease. Our report introduces this new phenotypic presentation, suggests a potential role for prophylactic bone screening, and highlights the need for preconception genetic screening in selected populations.
2
Augustson, Erik, Michael M. Engelgau, Shu Zhang, Ying Cai, Willie Cher, Richun Li, Yuan Jiang, Krystal Lynch, and Julie E. Bromberg. "Text to Quit China: An mHealth Smoking Cessation Trial." American Journal of Health Promotion 31, no. 3 (January 5, 2016): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/ajhp.140812-quan-399.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose. To assess the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of a text message–based smoking cessation intervention in China. Design. Study design was a randomized control trial with a 6-month follow-up assessment of smoking status. Setting. Zhejiang, Heilongjiang, and Shaanxi provinces in China provided the study setting. Subjects. A total of 8000 adult smokers in China who used Nokia Life Tools and participated in phase 2 (smoking education via text message) of the study were included. Intervention. The high-frequency text contact (HFTC) group received one to three messages daily containing smoking cessation advice, encouragement, and health education information. The low-frequency text contact (LFTC) group received one weekly message with smoking health effects information. Measures. Our primary outcome was smoking status at 0, 1, 3, and 6 months after intervention. Secondary outcomes include participant perceptions of the HFTC intervention, and factors associated with smoking cessation among HFTC participants. Analysis. Descriptive and χ2 analyses were conducted to assess smoking status and acceptability. Factors associated with quitting were assessed using multiple logistic regression analyses. Results. Quit rates were high in both the HFTC and LFTC groups (HFTC: 0 month, 27.9%; 1 month, 30.5%; 3 months, 26.7%; and 6 months, 27.7%; LFTC: 0 month, 26.7%; 1 month, 30.4%; 3 months, 28.1%; and 6 months, 27.7%), with no significant difference between the two groups in an intent-to-treat analysis. Attitudes toward the HFTC intervention were largely positive. Conclusion. Our findings suggest that a text message–based smoking cessation intervention can be successfully delivered in China and is acceptable to Chinese smokers, but further research is needed to assess the potential impact of this type of intervention.
3
Carrara, Guilherme M. P., Gabriela B. Silva, Lucas S. Faria, Daniela S. Nunes, Vanessa S. Ribeiro, Camila A. Lopes, Maria do Rosário F. Gonçalves-Pires, et al. "IgY antibody and human neurocysticercosis: a novel approach on immunodiagnosis using Taenia crassiceps hydrophobic antigens." Parasitology 147, no. 2 (October 23, 2019): 240–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182019001446.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractHuman neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a worldwide neglected disease caused by Taenia solium metacestode and responsible for various complications and neurological disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the use of specific immunoglobulin Y (IgY) produced by laying hens immunized with a hydrophobic fraction of Taenia crassiceps metacestodes (hFTc) in NCC diagnosis. Egg yolk IgY antibodies were fractionated, purified and characterized. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was carried out to evaluate the production kinetics and avidity maturation of anti-hFTc IgY antibodies throughout the IgY obtention process. Antigen recognition tests were carried out by Western blotting and immunofluorescence antibody test using purified and specific anti-hFTc IgY antibodies for detection of parasitic antigens of T. crassiceps and T. solium metacestodes. Sandwich ELISA was performed to detect circulating immune complexes formed by IgG and parasitic antigens in human sera. The results showed high diagnostic values (93.2% sensitivity and 94.3% specificity) for immune complexes detection in human sera with confirmed NCC. In conclusion, specific IgY antibodies produced from immunized hens with hFTc antigens were efficient to detect T. solium immune complexes in human sera, being an innovative and potential tool for NCC immunodiagnosis.
4
Tian, Jie, Ming Yu Luo, and Meng Yang Chen. "A New Type of Hexagonal Fault-Tolerant Clustering Algorithm." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 1728–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.1728.
Full textAbstract:
In view of the problem that present most clustering algorithms are given priority to save energy but ignoring fault tolerance, this paper puts forward a new kind of hexagonal fault-tolerant clustering algorithm (HFTC). By increasing the middle management node, which controls nodes rate of false positives and managements topology within the cluster, this algorithm completes nondestructive substitution between nodes. At the same time, the introduction of backup nodes, it also improves the networks fault tolerance. The simulation experiments show that HFTC can guarantee a high fault tolerance in networks, make the network to send more packets, and prolong the network life effectively.
5
Peluso, Gabriella, E. Tian, Loreto Abusleme, Takashi Munemasa, Taro Mukaibo, and Kelly G. Ten Hagen. "Loss of the disease-associated glycosyltransferase Galnt3 alters Muc10 glycosylation and the composition of the oral microbiome." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 5 (December 27, 2019): 1411–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra119.009807.
Full textAbstract:
The importance of the microbiome in health and its disruption in disease is continuing to be elucidated. However, the multitude of host and environmental factors that influence the microbiome are still largely unknown. Here, we examined UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3 (Galnt3)-deficient mice, which serve as a model for the disease hyperphosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis (HFTC). In HFTC, loss of GALNT3 activity in the bone is thought to lead to altered glycosylation of the phosphate-regulating hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), resulting in hyperphosphatemia and subdermal calcified tumors. However, GALNT3 is expressed in other tissues in addition to bone, suggesting that systemic loss could result in other pathologies. Using semiquantitative real-time PCR, we found that Galnt3 is the major O-glycosyltransferase expressed in the secretory cells of salivary glands. Additionally, 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the loss of Galnt3 resulted in changes in the structure, composition, and stability of the oral microbiome. Moreover, we identified the major secreted salivary mucin, Muc10, as an in vivo substrate of Galnt3. Given that mucins and their O-glycans are known to interact with various microbes, our results suggest that loss of Galnt3 decreases glycosylation of Muc10, which alters the composition and stability of the oral microbiome. Considering that oral findings have been documented in HFTC patients, our study suggests that investigating GALNT3-mediated changes in the oral microbiome may be warranted.
6
Vieira, Alexandre R., Moses Lee, Filippo Vairo, Julio Cesar Loguercio Leite, Maria Cristina Munerato, Fernanda Visioli, Stéphanie Rodrigues D’Ávila, et al. "Root anomalies and dentin dysplasia in autosomal recessive hyperphosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis (HFTC)." Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology 120, no. 6 (December 2015): e235-e239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oooo.2015.05.006.
Full text
7
Hammoud, Rola, Emanuela Pannia, Chih-Sheng Liao, Ruslan Kubant, Erland Arning, Teodoro Bottiglieri, Zdenka Pausova, and G. Harvey Anderson. "Choline Supplementation Mitigates the Adverse Effects of a High Folic Acid Maternal Diet on Food Intake Regulation in the Offspring." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa067_033.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Objectives Folic acid (FA) intake by many women in North America is exceeding recommendations. We have shown that high maternal FA induces methylation-dependent programming of energy regulation associated with an obesogenic phenotype in adult rat offspring. However, it is unclear if this is a direct effect of high FA or due to an imbalance between FA and other methyl-nutrients (i.e., choline) in the 1-carbon cycle. Unlike FA, choline intake by women is below recommendations and is absent from most prenatal supplements, potentially affecting fetal development. The objective of this study was to examine the mechanisms and effects of choline content in high FA maternal diets on in-utero programming of energy regulation and later-life offspring phenotype. Methods Pregnant Wistar rats were fed an AIN-93 G diet with recommended FA and choline (1X, RFRC, control), or 5X-FA diet with choline at 0.5X-(HFLC), 1X-(HFRC), or 2.5X- (HFHC). In pups at birth, brain and liver 1-carbon metabolites, hypothalamic DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity and global DNA methylation (5-mC%) were measured. At weaning, one male pup/dam was fed the control diet and weekly weight-gain and food intake were recorded for 20 weeks. Results Offspring born to dams on the HFLC and HFRC, but not HFHC diet, had higher food intake (P < 0.05) and weight-gain (P < 0.01) than controls. In liver at birth, free choline was lower in HFHC than in HFLC pups, but betaine was unaffected. In contrast, in brains, betaine but not free choline concentrations, directly reflected the maternal choline diets. These results suggest that choline may modulate central food intake pathways via the methyl-donor betaine, warranting further investigation. Hypothalamic DNMT activity was highest (P < 0.05) in HFLC pups but global methylation was not affected. Thus, gene expression by RNA sequencing and gene-specific methylation in the hypothalamus is in progress to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the observed phenotype. Conclusions Increased maternal choline mitigates the high FA diet induced increase in body weight and food intake in the adult offspring and results in tissue-specific changes in 1-carbon metabolism at birth. These findings have potential application to human health, providing support to optimize choline and FA intakes by women of childbearing age. Funding Sources CIHR-INMD.
8
Brogaard, Jonathan, and Corey Garriott. "High-Frequency Trading Competition." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 54, no. 4 (September 19, 2018): 1469–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109018001175.
Full textAbstract:
Theory on high-frequency traders (HFTs) predicts that market liquidity for a security decreases in the number of HFTs trading the security. We test this prediction by studying a new Canadian stock exchange, Alpha, that experienced the entry of 11 HFTs over 4 years. We find that bid–ask spreads on Alpha converge to those at the Toronto Stock Exchange as more HFTs trade on Alpha. Effective and realized spreads for non-HFTs improve as HFTs enter the market. To explain the contrast with theory, which models the HFT as a price competitor, we provide evidence more consistent with HFTs fitting a quantity-competitor framework.
9
Frim, J., and M. B. Ducharme. "Heat flux transducer measurement error: a simplified view." Journal of Applied Physiology 74, no. 4 (April 1, 1993): 2040–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.74.4.2040.
Full textAbstract:
Heat flux transducers (HFTs) provide a simple and direct measurement of body heat exchange. Regrettably, HFTs perturb the heat flux at the measurement site, resulting in underestimations of the true heat flux. Equations to correct the discrepancy are available, but most require high-precision temperature measurements above and/or below the transducer and/or deep within the body tissues. Because this is not always feasible, the equations are of limited practical benefit. A theoretical basis for the magnitude of the correction factor in relation to the thermal resistances of the materials both above and below the HFT has been developed and has been verified experimentally. The theory is presented in a graph that can be used to drive the HFT correction factor directly or as a guide to know that heat flux was measured within a certain accuracy. This may obviate the use of complicated procedures and equations to perhaps needlessly apply a small correction factor to HFT data.
10
Kuyk, T. "Telescopic Low Vision Aids with Motorized and Auto Focuses." Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 90, no. 4 (July 1996): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x9609000408.
Full textAbstract:
Prototypes of motorized-focus telescopes (MFTs) and of a 4X auto-focus telescope (AFT) were constructed, and 22 users of hand-focus telescopes (HFTs) were trained to use them for near-distance and intermediate-distance tasks. Despite the lack of differences in performance with the MFT, AFT, and HFT, the subjects’ ratings on 9 of 10 aspects of telescope performance were significantly higher for the AFT and MFT than for the HFT.
11
Barros, Érico Luiz Damasceno, Shelon Cristina Souza Pinto, Alvaro Henrique Borges, Mateus Rodrigues Tonetto, Roger Phillip Ellwood, Ian Pretty, and Matheus Coelho Bandéca. "Toothpaste Prevents Debonded Brackets on Erosive Enamel." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/468582.
Full textAbstract:
This study evaluated the effect of high fluoride dentifrice on the bond strength of brackets after erosive challenge. Eighty-four enamel specimens were divided into seven groups(n=12): WN (distilled water/no acid challenge), W3C (distilled water/3 cycles of acid challenge), and W6C (distilled water/6 cycles of acid challenge) were not submitted to dentifrice treatment. Groups RF3C (regular fluoride dentifrice/3 cycles of acid challenge) and RF6C (regular fluoride dentifrice/6 cycles of acid challenge) were treated with dentifrices containing 1450 μg F−/g and HF3C (high fluoride dentifrice/3 cycles of acid challenge) and HF6C (high fluoride dentifrice/6 cycles of acid challenge) were with 5000 μg F−/g. Acid challenges were performed for seven days. After bond strength test, there was no significant difference among groups submitted to 3 cycles of acid challenge(P>0.05). Statistically significant difference was found between the regular and high fluoride dentifrices after 6 cycles of acid challenge (<0.05). Similar areas of adhesive remaining were found among control groups and among groups W6C, RF3C, RF6C, HF3C, and HF6C. The high fluoride dentifrice was able to prevent the reduction of bond strength values of brackets submitted to acid challenge. Clinical relevance: the high fluoride toothpaste prevents debonded brackets on erosive enamel.
12
Chakravarty, Sugato, Kiseop Lee, and Yang Xi. "Multivariate Hawkes process model of market participants behavior in the high frequency world." International Journal of Financial Engineering 08, no. 01 (February 22, 2021): 2050054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2424786320500541.
Full textAbstract:
We propose a multivariate Hawkes process to model the interaction between the non-high frequency traders (NHFTs) behavior (Buy and sell) and high frequency traders (HFTs) behavior (Buy and sell). We apply our model to the intraday transaction data of the public sector banks stock in India, which is sampled from March 2012 to June 2012. We find that the mutually-exciting NHFT and HFT behaviors benefit the stocks, which have better average return above the average return of the public sector bank index. We further identify the granger causality relationship for mutually exciting dominating stocks that HFTs activities cause the activities of NHFTs. In other words, NHFTs are market followers in those stocks.
13
Ducharme, M. B., J. Frim, and P. Tikuisis. "Errors in heat flux measurements due to the thermal resistance of heat flux disks." Journal of Applied Physiology 69, no. 2 (August 1, 1990): 776–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1990.69.2.776.
Full textAbstract:
Questions have been raised regarding the effect of the thermal resistance of heat flux transducers (HFTs) on the thermal flux from the skin. A model capable of simulating a large range of "tissue" insulation (variable-R model) was used to study the effect of the underlying tissue insulation on the relative error in heat flux due to the thermal resistance of the HFTs. The data show that the deviation from the true value of heat flux increases as the insulation of the underlying tissue decreases (r = 0.99, P less than 0.001). The underestimation of the heat flux through the skin measured by an HFT is minimal when the device is used on vasoconstricted skin in cool subjects (3-13% error) but becomes important when used during vasodilation in warm subjects (29-35% error) and even more important on metallic-skin mannequins (greater than 60% error).
14
Piamonte, Dominic Paul T. "On the Merits of Using Multiple Indices in Evaluating Small Graphical Symbols." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, no. 37 (July 2000): 658–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004403730.
Full textAbstract:
This paper summarizes an international study that aimed to evaluate candidate telecommunication graphical symbols (icons and pictograms) developed in the west across different cultural groups by means of tests producing multiple indices or parameters of performance. Prospective users from eastern (Asian) and western countries were used as subjects. Several tests were performed utilizing videophone symbols based on studies done by the Human Factors Technical Committee (HFTC) of the European Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI). The ETSI-recommended symbols for 7 videophone functions or referents were tested using more than 300 subjects from Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Finland, Sweden and the USA. Two other sets of 7 symbols each from the ETSI study were also tested. The tests used were spontaneous identification, the cued response, and the preference tests. Confidence judgement (subjective certainty ratings) complemented the subjects' answers for the first tests. Semantic differential scaling tests (SDT) were also done as added evaluatory tool. Results from spontaneous identification tests revealed very poor identification of most of the symbols in contrast to the cued response test results. Barely recognizing what the symbols meant strongly suggested the need to either redesign the symbols or to ensure adequate opportunities for familiarizing and educating the prospective users with the new symbols. The subjective certainty scores helped in studying the level of confidence of the answers by the subjects. Furthermore, the studies revealed that symbols could be easily recognized (high hit rates) but also confused as representing another (wrong) function at the same time. The “missing values” were also important since they indicated situations when respondents either did not know the answer or thought that none among the symbols were comprehensible or representative of a desired function. The preference tests pertained to aesthetics of the symbols individually and as a set. In turn, the SDT scores revealed that symbols could have different connotative meanings in relation to the functions they were intended to represent. Overall, Asian subjects performed comparably well with the European and American subjects, preferring the same set of videophone symbols, but usually at the expense of more errors and confusions. Thus, the studies showed that using multiple indices helped reveal subtle but potentially important differences in the results between different cultural groups.
15
Brigida, Matt, and William Pratt. "Trade Intensity and Liquidity." Market Microstructure and Liquidity 04, no. 01n02 (March 2018): 1950002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2382626619500023.
Full textAbstract:
This analysis investigates how liquidity is affected by periods of high trade intensity. Using an orderbook constructed directly from CME FIX/FAST messages and timestamped to the millisecond, we test whether the number of changes in the orderbook, the size of the bid–ask spread, and the number of trades in the few seconds before a trade have an effect on the book’s liquidity in the milliseconds after the trade. Since we calculate liquidity over a period of 100[Formula: see text]ms after a trade, we focus on liquidity provided by high-frequency traders (HFTs). We find evidence consistent with larger bid–ask spreads leading to greater amounts of liquidity being provided by HFT post-trade, and HFT providing liquidity when there is more activity in the orderbook. We further find that more trades lead to reduced liquidity, consistent with trades incorporating private information, and market makers’ fear of being adversely selected when providing liquidity.
16
Zhang, Quanhao, Rui Liu, Yuming Wang, Zhenjun Zhou, Bin Zhuang, and Xiaolei Li. "How flux feeding causes eruptions of solar magnetic flux ropes with the hyperbolic flux tube configuration." Astronomy & Astrophysics 647 (March 2021): A171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202039944.
Full textAbstract:
Coronal magnetic flux ropes are generally considered to be the core structure of large-scale solar eruptions. Recent observations found that solar eruptions could be initiated by a sequence of flux feeding, during which chromospheric fibrils rise upward from below, and merge with a pre-existing prominence. Further theoretical study has confirmed that the flux feeding mechanism is efficient in causing the eruption of flux ropes that are wrapped by bald patch separatrix surfaces. But it is unclear how flux feeding influences coronal flux ropes that are wrapped by hyperbolic flux tubes (HFTs), and whether it is able to cause the flux-rope eruption. In this paper, we use a 2.5-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic model to simulate the flux feeding processes in HFT configurations. It is found that flux feeding injects axial magnetic flux into the flux rope, whereas the poloidal flux of the rope is reduced after flux feeding. Flux feeding is able to cause the flux rope to erupt, provided that the injected axial flux is large enough so that the critical axial flux of the rope is reached. Otherwise, the flux-rope system evolves to a stable equilibrium state after flux feeding, which might be even farther away from the onset of the eruption, indicating that flux feeding could stabilize the rope system with the HFT configuration in this circumstance.
17
Park, Man-Young, Jong-Hoon Son, Sang-Woo Kang, and Shi-Woo Rhee. "Comparison of (hexafluoroacetylacetonate)Cu(vinyltrimethylsilane) and (hexafluoroacetylacetonate)Cu(allyltrimethylsilane) for metalorganic chemical vapor deposition of copper." Journal of Materials Research 14, no. 3 (March 1999): 975–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0129.
Full textAbstract:
For the metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) of copper, (hfac)Cu(VTMS) (hfac = hexafluoroacetylacetonate, VTMS = vinyltrimethylsilane) and (hfac)Cu(ATMS) (ATMS = allyltrimethylsilane) were compared, and the effect of L ligand in (hfac)Cu–L was examined. It was found by 1H-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) that the thermal stability of (hfac)Cu(VTMS) was better than that of (hfac)Cu(ATMS) due to the relatively weak Cu–ATMS bond. From in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) experiments, the formation of Cu(hfac)2, the product of disproportion reaction of Cu(hfac), was observed in the gas phase and (hfac)Cu(ATMS) was found to be more reactive to form Cu(hfac)2. The minimum temperature for the deposition of copper films from (hfac)Cu(ATMS) was as low as 60 °C, which was about 70 °C lower than from (hfac)Cu(VTMS). The grain size of the film deposited with (hfac)Cu(ATMS) was substantially larger than that with (hfac)Cu(VTMS), which showed that the chemical reactivity of the precursor had an influence on the microstructure along with the deposition temperature.
18
Mhammedi, Taoufik, Lionel Camberlein, Frédéric Polet, Bruno Bêche, and Etienne Gaviot. "Enthalpy-Sensing Microsystem Effective in Continuous Flow." Sensors 19, no. 3 (January 29, 2019): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19030566.
Full textAbstract:
A new microsystem designed to detect and measure in real time the enthalpy of mixing of two fluid constituents is presented. A preliminary approach to quantify the enthalpy of dilution values or mixing is first discussed. Then, a coherent rationale leading to structure devices operating in real time is formulated, considering the straightforward assessment of heat-flux transducers (HFTs) capability. Basic thermodynamic observations regarding the analogy between thermal and electrical systems are highlighted prior consideration of practical examples involving mixing water and alcohols. Fundamentals about HFT design are highlighted before presenting an adequate way to integrate both functions of mixing and measuring the entailed heat exchange as two continuously flowing fluids interact with one another. Thereby, the development of a relevant prototype of such a dedicated microsystem is discussed. Its design, fabrication and implementation under real operating conditions are presented together with its assessed performance and limits so as to highlight the advantages and shortcomings of the concept.
19
Koyauchi, Takafumi, Hideki Yasui, Noriyuki Enomoto, Hirotsugu Hasegawa, Hironao Hozumi, Yuzo Suzuki, Masato Karayama, et al. "Pulse oximetric saturation to fraction of inspired oxygen (SpO2/FIO2) ratio 24 hours after high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) initiation is a good predictor of HFNC therapy in patients with acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease." Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease 14 (January 2020): 175346662090632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753466620906327.
Full textAbstract:
Background: High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy provides effective respiratory management in patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure. However, the efficacy and tolerability of HFNC for patients with acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease (AE-ILD) have not been established. This study was performed to assess the efficacy and tolerability of HFNC for patients with AE-ILD and identify the early predictors of the outcome of HFNC treatment. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients with AE-ILD who underwent HFNC. Overall survival, the success rate of HFNC treatment, adverse events, temporary interruption of treatment, discontinuation of treatment at the patient’s request, and predictors of the outcome of HFNC treatment were evaluated. Results: A total of 66 patients were analyzed. Of these, 26 patients (39.4%) showed improved oxygenation and were successfully withdrawn from HFNC. The 30-day survival rate was 48.5%. No discontinuations at the patient’s request were observed, and no serious adverse events occurred. The pulse oximetric saturation to fraction of inspired oxygen (SpO2/FIO2) ratio 24 h after initiating HFNC showed high prediction accuracy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.802) for successful HFNC treatment. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, an SpO2/FIO2 ratio of at least 170.9 at 24 h after initiation was significantly associated with successful HFNC treatment (odds ratio, 51.3; 95% confidence interval, 6.13–430; p < 0.001). Conclusions: HFNC was well tolerated in patients with AE-ILD, suggesting that HFNC is a reasonable respiratory management for these patients. The SpO2/FIO2 ratio 24 h after initiating HFNC was a good predictor of successful HFNC treatment. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
20
Lethesh, Kallidanthiyil Chellappan, Sigurd Øien-Ødegaard, Kaushik Jayasayee, and Anne Fiksdahl. "Synthesis of magnesium complexes of ionic liquids with highly coordinating anions." Dalton Transactions 48, no. 3 (2019): 982–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8dt04364g.
Full textAbstract:
Magnesium-complexes [Mg2+(hfac−)3][Cation+] were prepared from Mg(Tf2N)2and ILs; [C4mim][hfac], [C4Pyr][hfac], [C4Pip][hfac], [C6Morph][hfac], and [C4Pyrr][hfac]; complex-characterization by1H and13C NMR, and X-ray spectroscopy.
21
FUYAMA, Moriaki, Masanobu HANAZONO, Mitsuru URA, and Haruhiko HONDA. "Formation and Wear Mode of HfC-(HfTi)C-TiC Triple Layered Film by Mediu Size CVD Apparatus." SHINKU 34, no. 4 (1991): 405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3131/jvsj.34.405.
Full text
22
Delbove, Agathe, Ambroise Foubert, François Mateos, Tiphaine Guy, and Marie Gousseff. "High flow nasal cannula oxygenation in COVID-19 related acute respiratory distress syndrome: a safe way to avoid endotracheal intubation?" Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease 15 (January 2021): 175346662110195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17534666211019555.
Full textAbstract:
Backgrounds: High flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is an alternative therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed first to describe outcomes of patients suffering from COVID-19-related ARDS treated with HFNC; secondly to evaluate safety of HFNC (patients and healthcare workers) and compare patients according to respiratory outcome. Methods: A retrospective cohort was conducted in French general hospital intensive care unit (ICU). Patients were included if receiving HFNC for hypoxemia (saturation pulse oxygen (SpO2) <92% under oxygen ⩾6 L/min) associated with ARDS and positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Main clinical characteristics and outcomes are described in patients: (a) with do not intubate order (HFNC-DNIO); (b) who did not need intubation (HFNC-only); and (c) eventually intubated (HFNC-intubation). Medians are presented with (1st–3rd) interquartile range. Results: From 26 February to 30 June 2020, 46 patients of median age 75 (70–79) years were included. In the HFNC-DNIO group ( n = 11), partial arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2)/inhaled fraction of oxygen (FiO2) ratio median worst PaO2/FiO2 ratio was 109 (102–172) and hospital mortality was 54.5%. Except the HFNC-DNIO patients ( n = 35), 20 patients (57%) were eventually intubated (HFNC-intubation group) and 15 were only treated by HFNC (HFNC-only). HFNC-intubation patients presented higher worst respiratory rates per minute in ICU [37 (34–41) versus 33 (24–34) min, p < 0.05] and worsened ICU admission PaO2/FiO2 ratios [121 (103–169) versus 191 (162–219), p < 0.001] compared with HFNC-only patients. Hospital mortality was 35% ( n = 7/20) in HFNC-intubation group, 0% in HFNC-only group with a global mortality of these two groups of 20% ( n = 7/35). Among tests performed in healthcare workers, 1/12 PCR in symptomatic healthcare workers and 1.8% serologies in asymptomatic healthcare workers were positive. After review of each case, COVID-19 was likely to be acquired outside hospital. Conclusions: HFNC seems to be useful for COVID-19-related ARDS and safe for healthcare workers. ARDS severity with PaO2/FiO2 <150 associated with respiratory rate >35/min could be regarded as a predictor of intubation. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
23
Kansal, Amit, Shekhar Dhanvijay, Andrew Li, Jason Phua, Matthew Edward Cove, Wei Jun Dan Ong, Ser Hon Puah, et al. "Predictors and outcomes of high-flow nasal cannula failure following extubation: A multicentre observational study." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 50, no. 6 (June 30, 2021): 467–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2020564.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Despite adhering to criteria for extubation, up to 20% of intensive care patients require re-intubation, even with use of post-extubation high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC). This study aims to identify independent predictors and outcomes of extubation failure in patients who failed postextubation HFNC. Methods: We conducted a multicentre observational study involving 9 adult intensive care units (ICUs) across 5 public hospitals in Singapore. We included patients extubated to HFNC following spontaneous breathing trials. We compared patients who were successfully weaned off HFNC with those who failed HFNC (defined as re-intubation ≤7 days following extubation). Generalised additive logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors for failed HFNC. Results: Among 244 patients (mean age: 63.92±15.51 years, 65.2% male, median APACHE II score 23.55±7.35), 41 (16.8%) failed HFNC; hypoxia, hypercapnia and excessive secretions were primary reasons. Stroke was an independent predictor of HFNC failure (odds ratio 2.48, 95% confidence interval 1.83–3.37). Failed HFNC, as compared to successful HFNC, was associated with increased median ICU length of stay (14 versus 7 days, P<0.001), ICU mortality (14.6% versus 2.0%, P<0.001) and hospital mortality (29.3% versus 12.3%, P=0.006). Conclusion: Post-extubation HFNC failure, especially in patients with stroke as a comorbidity, remains a clinical challenge and predicts poorer clinical outcomes. Our observational study highlights the need for future prospective trials to better identify patients at high risk of post-extubation HFNC failure. Keywords: Adult, airway extubation, high-flow nasal cannula, mechanical ventilation, respiratory failure
24
Storgaard, Line Hust, Hans-Ulrich Hockey, and Ulla Møller Weinreich. "Development in PaCO2 over 12 months in patients with COPD with persistent hypercapnic respiratory failure treated with high-flow nasal cannula—post-hoc analysis from a randomised controlled trial." BMJ Open Respiratory Research 7, no. 1 (November 2020): e000712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000712.
Full textAbstract:
IntroductionPersistent hypercapnic failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with poor prognosis. Long-term home non-invasive ventilation is recommended for patients with PaCO2 >7.0 kPa. Domiciliary high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) reduces PaCO2 in short-term studies. This post-hoc analysis examines the effect of HFNC on PaCO2 levels, exacerbations and admissions in patients with COPD with persistent hypercapnic and hypoxic failures.MethodsThe original trial included 74 long-term oxygen-treated patients (31 HFNC treated/43 controls) with persistent hypercapnic failure (PaCO2 >6 kPa) who completed the 12-month study period. Baseline data included age, sex, blood gases, exacerbations and hospital admissions in the previous year. Data on blood gases were also recorded at 6 and 12 months for all patients. In addition, acute changes in blood gases after 30 min of HFNC use at site visits were examined, as were exacerbations and hospital admissions during study.ResultsPatients were comparable at baseline. After 12 months there was a 1.3% decrease in PaCO2 in patients using HFNC and a 7% increase in controls before HFNC use on site (p=0.003). After 30 min of HFNC at visits PaCO2 changed significantly, with comparable reductions, at 0, 6 and 12 months, including for controls who tried HFNC at study end (p<0.001). The exacerbation rate increased, compared with 12 months prestudy, by 2.2/year for controls (p<0.001) and 0.15/year for HFNC-treated patients (p=0.661). Hospital admission rates increased in the control group,+0.3/year from prestudy (p=0.180), And decreased by 0.67/year (p=0.013)for HFNC-treated patients.ConclusionThis post-hoc analysis indicates that HFNC stabilises patients with COPD with persistent hypoxic and hypercapnic failures, in terms of PaCO2, exacerbations and number of hospitalisations, whereas those not receiving HFNC worsened. This suggests that HFNC is a possible treatment for patients with persistent hypercapnic COPD.
25
D’Alessandro, Michelle, Thuva Vanniyasingam, Ashaka Patel, Ronish Gupta, Lucy Giglia, Giuliana Federici, and Gita Wahi. "6 Factors associated with treatment failure of high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) among children with bronchiolitis: a single centre retrospective study." Paediatrics & Child Health 25, Supplement_2 (August 2020): e2-e3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxaa068.005.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background Bronchiolitis is the most common viral lower respiratory tract infection in children under two years of age and is the leading cause of hospital admission for children under the age of one year. Respiratory support for bronchiolitis with high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is increasingly being used outside of critical care areas and in community hospitals. It is important to understand the patient factors associated with HFNC treatment failure in order to identify which patients are at higher risk for requiring escalation of respiratory support and transfer to a pediatric critical care centre. Objectives The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the patient characteristics that are associated with HFNC treatment failure in bronchiolitis. Design/Methods We completed a retrospective review of patients under 24 months of age with a clinical diagnosis of bronchiolitis admitted to a single tertiary level children’s hospital for supportive management with HFNC between January 2014 and December 2018. Patients who were mechanically ventilated or on non-invasive positive pressure ventilation prior to the initiation of HFNC during their hospital stay were excluded. HFNC treatment failure was the primary endpoint of the study, with treatment failure defined as escalation to non-invasive positive pressure or invasive mechanical ventilation. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify the patient demographic, clinical, and biochemical parameters associated with HFNC failure. Results Four hundred and thirty-five patient charts were identified, of which 208 patients met inclusion criteria for the study. Of these patients, 61 (29%) were classified as HFNC treatment failures. The likelihood of failing HFNC support was reduced with older age (OR 0.89; 95% CI 0.81, 0.97; p= 0.011) and greater time spent on HFNC (OR 0.94; 95% CI 0.92, 0.96; p<0.001). Patients with a Modified Tal score greater than 5 at 4 hours of HFNC treatment had a greater likelihood of failing HFNC support (OR 2.81; 95% CI 1.04, 7.64; p= 0.042). Conclusion This was the first study to examine predictors of HFNC failure among Canadian children with bronchiolitis. We found that patient age, time spent on HFNC, and severity of bronchiolitis as defined using a Modified Tal score were associated with HFNC failure. These patient factors should be considered when initiating HFNC for bronchiolitis, and may identify patients at risk for escalation of respiratory support, warranting earlier referral to pediatric critical care centres.
26
Kunkely, Horst, and Arnd Vogler. "Photodisproportionation of (1,5-Cyclooctadiene) copper(I) Hexafluoroacetylacetonate Induced by Metal-to-Ligand Charge Transfer Excitation." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 58, no. 7 (July 1, 2003): 704–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2003-0717.
Full textAbstract:
The complex CuI(COD)(hfac) with COD = 1,5- cyclooctadiene and hfac = hexafluoroacetyl-acetonate shows two long-wavelength absorptions at λmax = 308 and 241 nm which are assigned to hfac intraligand (IL) and CuI →COD metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transitions, respectively. The photolysis of CuI(COD)(hfac) in hexane leads to the release of the olefin and the subsequent disproportionation of CuI(hfac) to elemental copper and CuII(hfac)2 with the quantum yields Φ = 10−3 at λirr =313 nm and Φ = 3×10−3 at λirr = 254 nm. It is suggested that the reactive excited state is of the MLCT type.
27
Heijboer, Frank, Laurien Oswald, Sander Cretier, and Gert-Jan Braunstahl. "Pneumomediastinum in a patient with COVID-19 due to diffuse alveolar damage." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 5 (May 2021): e242527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2021-242527.
Full textAbstract:
A 74-year-old man with COVID-19 was admitted and experienced progressive dyspnoea while receiving supplemental oxygen via high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC). A CT of the thorax showed a pneumomediastinum. The HFNC was temporally interrupted, since it was uncertain whether the positive end-expiratory pressure of the HFNC could be the cause of the pneumomediastinum. After restart of the HFNC, there was no increase of symptoms. We suggest that the pneumomediastinum was the result of COVID-19-related alveolar damage, and not due to the use of HFNC. This observation is relevant since HFNC is often used in the treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia.
28
Kamada, Yoshihiro, Shinichi Kiso, Yuichi Yoshida, Norihiro Chatani, Takashi Kizu, Mina Hamano, Mayumi Tsubakio, et al. "Estrogen deficiency worsens steatohepatitis in mice fed high-fat and high-cholesterol diet." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 301, no. 6 (December 2011): G1031—G1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00211.2011.
Full textAbstract:
Recent studies indicate an accelerated progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in postmenopausal women. Hypercholesterolemia, an important risk factor for NASH progression, is often observed after menopause. This study examined the effects of estrogen on NASH in ovariectomized (OVX) mice fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet. To investigate the effects of estrogen deficiency, OVX mice and sham-operated (SO) mice were fed normal chow or HFHC diet for 6 wk. Next, to investigate the effects of exogenous estrogen replenishment, OVX mice fed with HFHC diet were treated with implanted hormone release pellets (containing 17β-estradiol or placebo vehicle) for 6 wk. OVX mice on the HFHC diet showed enhanced liver injury with increased liver macrophage infiltration and elevated serum cholesterol levels compared with SO-HFHC mice. Hepatocyte monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1) protein expression in OVX-HFHC mice was also enhanced compared with SO-HFHC mice. In addition, hepatic inflammatory gene expressions, including monocytes chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 (CCR2), were significantly elevated in OVX-HFHC mice. Estrogen treatment improved serum cholesterol levels, liver injury, macrophage infiltration, and inflammatory gene expressions in OVX-HFHC mice. Moreover, the elevated expression of liver CCR2 and MCP1 were decreased by estrogen treatment in OVX-HFHC mice, whereas low-density lipoprotein dose dependently enhanced CCR2 expression in THP1 monocytes. Our study demonstrated that estrogen deficiency accelerated NASH progression in OVX mice fed HFHC diet and that this effect was improved by estrogen therapy. Hypercholesterolemia in postmenopausal women would be a potential risk factor for NASH progression.
29
Chang, Gordon Y., Cynthia A. Cox, and Thomas H. Shaffer. "Nasal Cannula, CPAP, and High-Flow Nasal Cannula: Effect of Flow on Temperature, Humidity, Pressure, and Resistance." Biomedical Instrumentation & Technology 45, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2345/0899-8205-45.1.69.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background: Delivery of warm, humidified, supplemental oxygen via high-flow nasal cannula has several potential benefits; however, the high-flow range may not maintain humidification and temperature and in some cases may cause excessive expiratory pressure loading. Objective: To compare the effect of flow on temperature, humidity, pressure, and resistance in nasal cannula (NC), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in a clinical setting. Methods: The three delivery systems were tested in the nursery using each instrument's recommended specifications and flow ranges (0–3 L/min and 0–8 L/min). Flow, pressure, temperature, and humidity were measured, and resistance was calculated. Results: For all devices at 0–3 L/min, there was a difference (p<0.01) in temperature (NC 35.9°C > CPAP 34.5°C > HFNC 34.0°C), humidity (HFNC 82% > CPAP 77% > NC 57%), pressure (HFNC 22 cmH2O > NC 4 cmH2O > CPAP 3 cmH2O), and resistance (HFNC 636 cmH2O/L/sec > NC 270 cmH2O/L/sec > CPAP 93 cmH2O/L/sec) as a function of flow. For HFNC and CPAP at 0–8 L/min, there was a difference (p<0.01) in temperature (CPAP 34.5°C > HFNC 34.0°C) in humidity (HFNC 83 % > CPAP 76 %), pressure (HFNC 56 cmH2O > CPAP 14 cmH2O) and resistance (HFNC 783 cmH2O/L/sec > CPAP 280 cmH2O/L/sec) as a function of flow. Conclusions: Gas delivered by HFNC was more humid than NC and CPAP. However, the higher pressure and resistance delivered by the HFNC system may have clinical relevance, such as increased work of breathing, and warrants further in vivo studies.
30
Andino, Ricardo, Gema Vega, Sandra Karina Pacheco, Nuria Arevalillo, Ana Leal, Laura Fernández, and María Jesús Rodriguez. "High-flow nasal oxygen reduces endotracheal intubation: a randomized clinical trial." Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease 14 (January 2020): 175346662095645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753466620956459.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The benefits of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) as primary intervention in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) are still a matter in debate. Our objective was to compare HFNC therapy versus conventional oxygen therapy (COT) in the prevention of endotracheal intubation in this group of patients. Methods: An open-label, controlled and single-centre clinical trial was conducted in patients with severe AHRF, defined by a PaO2/FIO2 ratio ⩽200, to compare HFNC with a control group (CG) treated by COT delivered through a face mask, with the need to perform intubation as the primary outcome. The secondary outcomes included tolerance of the HFNC device and to look for the predictive factors for intubation in these patients. Results: A total of 46 patients were included (22 in the COT group and 24 in the HFNC group) 48% of whom needed intubation: 63% in the COT group and 33% in the HFNC group, with significant differences both in intention to treat [χ2 = 4.2; p = 0.04, relative risk (RR) = 0.5; confidence interval (CI) 95%: 0.3–1.0] and also in treatment analysis (χ2 = 4.7; p = 0.03; RR = 0.5; IC 95%: 0.3–0.9) We obtained a number needed to treat (NNT) = 3 patients treated to avoid an intubation. Intubation occurred significantly later in the HFNC group. Estimated PaO2/FIO2, respiratory rate and dyspnea were significantly better in the HFNC group. Patients treated with HFNC who required intubation presented significant worsening after the first 8 h, as compared with non-intubated HFNC group patients. Mortality was 22% with no differences. The HFNC group patients were hospitalized for almost half of the time in the intensive care unit (ICU) and in the ward, with significantly less hospital length of stay. A total of 14 patients in the HFNC group (58%) complained of excessive heat and 17% of noise; 3 patients did not tolerate HFNC. Conclusion: Patients with severe acute hypoxemic respiratory failure who tolerate HFNC present a significantly lower need for endotracheal intubation compared with conventional oxygen therapy. Clinical Trial Register EUDRA CT number: 2012-001671-36 The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
31
Dosman, Cara F., Peter C. Zuberbuhler, Joan I. Tabk, and Richard L. Jones. "Effects of Positive End-Expiratory Pressure on Oscillated Volume during High-Frequency Chest Compression in Children with Cystic Fibrosis." Canadian Respiratory Journal 10, no. 2 (2003): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2003/792917.
Full textAbstract:
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) and mean oscillated volume (Vosc) during high frequency chest compression (HFCC).DESIGN: A clinic-based prospective intervention study.SETTING: Pulmonary function laboratory, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta.POPULATION: Nine children with cystic fibrosis with little or no obstructive airway disease who were selected from the outpatient Cystic Fibrosis and Pediatric Pulmonary Clinics at the University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta.METHODS: Each child received HFCC alone (at 10 Hz with chest wall pressure of 8 cm H2O) and HFCC plus PEEP. A closed circuit spirometry system was used to measure HFCC- and PEEP-induced changes in EELV, expressed as per cent baseline functional residual capacity (FRC) measured using helium dilution. An isothermic chamber permitted measurement of Vosc.RESULTS: HFCC caused a significant 9% decrease in EELV. Adding 2.0±0.3 cm H2O of PEEP increased EELV back to at least the FRC level. With HFCC alone, Voscwas significantly lower during spontaneous expiration than during spontaneous inspiration, but adding PEEP to HFCC increased Vosc, especially during spontaneous expiration.CONCLUSIONS: Adding PEEP during HFCC prevents the decrease in EELV and increases Vosc. Therefore, PEEP may improve HFCC-induced mucus clearance in children with cystic fibrosis.
32
Lee, Young Seok, Sung Won Chang, Jae Kyeom Sim, Sua Kim, and Je Hyeong Kim. "An Integrated Model including the ROX Index to Predict the Success of High-Flow Nasal Cannula Use after Planned Extubation: A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 16 (August 10, 2021): 3513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10163513.
Full textAbstract:
High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy is commonly used to prevent reintubation after planned extubation. In clinical practice, there are no appropriate tools to evaluate whether HFNC therapy was successful or failed after planned extubation. In this retrospective observational study, we investigated whether the use of the ROX index was appropriate to differentiate between HFNC success and failure within 72 h after extubation and to develop an integrated model including the ROX index to improve the prediction of HFNC success in patients receiving HFNC therapy after planned extubation. Of 276 patients, 50 patients (18.1%) were reintubated within 72 h of extubation. ROX index values of >8.7 at 2 h, >8.7 at 6 h, and >10.4 at 12 h after HFNC therapy were all meaningful predictors of HFNC success in extubated patients. In addition, the integrated model including the ROX index had a better predictive capability for HFNC success than the ROX index alone. In conclusion, the ROX index at 2, 6, and 12 h could be applied to extubated patients to predict HFNC success after planned extubation. To improve its predictive power, we should also consider an integrated model consisting of the ROX index, sex, body mass index, and the total duration of ventilator care.
33
Yao, Wenjin, Weiwei Sun, Ze Shi, Bingcheng Chen, Le Chen, and Jun Feng. "Blast-Resistant Performance of Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (HFRC) Panels Subjected to Contact Detonation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (December 28, 2019): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010241.
Full textAbstract:
This paper experimentally investigates the blast-resistant characteristics of hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete (HFRC) panels by contact detonation tests. The control specimen of plain concrete, polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and steel fiber-reinforced concrete were prepared and tested for characterization in contrast with PP-Steel HFRC and PVA-Steel HFRC. The sequent contact detonation tests were conducted with panel damage recorded and measured. Damaged HFRC panels were further comparatively analyzed whereby the blast-resistance performance was quantitively assessed via damage coefficient and blast-resistant coefficient. For both PP-Steel and PVA-Steel HFRC, the best blast-resistant performance was achieved at around 1.5% steel + 0.5% PP-fiber hybrid. Finally, the fiber-hybrid effect index was introduced to evaluate the hybrid effect on the explosion-resistance performance of HFRC panels. It revealed that neither PP-fiber or PVA-fiber provide positive hybrid effect on blast-resistant improvement of HFRC panels.
34
Freese, Eric C., Nicholas H. Gist, Rachelle M. Acitelli, Whitni J. McConnell, Catherine D. Beck, Dorothy B. Hausman, Jonathan R. Murrow, Kirk J. Cureton, and Ellen M. Evans. "Acute and chronic effects of sprint interval exercise on postprandial lipemia in women at-risk for the metabolic syndrome." Journal of Applied Physiology 118, no. 7 (April 1, 2015): 872–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00380.2014.
Full textAbstract:
Individuals diagnosed with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) exhibit elevated postprandial lipemia (PPL). The aims of this investigation were to determine 1) if an acute bout of sprint interval training (SIT) attenuates PPL; and 2) if the attenuation of PPL following 6 wk of SIT is magnified compared with a single session of SIT prior to training in women at-risk for MetS ( n = 45; 30–65 yr). Women were randomized to SIT ( n = 22) or a nonexercise control ( n = 23; CON) for 6 wk. Postprandial responses to a high-fat meal challenge (HFMC) were assessed in the CON group before (B-HFMC) and after (Post-HFMC) without prior exercise and in the SIT group at baseline (B-HFMC) without prior exercise, after an acute bout of SIT (four 30-s all-out sprints with 4-min recovery) prior to (Pre-HFMC), and after the 6-wk intervention (Post-HFMC). Responses to the HFMC were assessed by collecting venous blood samples in the fasted state and at 0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 min postprandial. Compared with baseline, an acute bout of SIT before (Pre-HFMC) and after the 6-wk intervention (Post-HFMC) significantly attenuated fasted TG ( P < 0.05; 16.6% and 12.3%, respectively) and postprandial area under the curve (13.1% and 9.7%, respectively; tAUC) TG responses. There was no difference in fasted or tAUC TG responses between Pre-HFMC and Post-HFMC. SIT is an effective mode of exercise to reduce fasted and postprandial TG concentrations in women at-risk for MetS. Six weeks of SIT does not magnify the attenuation of PPL in response to a single session of SIT.
35
Yuan, Zheng, Neil H. Dryden, Jagadese J. Vittal, and Richard J. Puddephatt. "A binuclear bis{bis(dimethylphosphino)methane}disilver(I) complex with weakly bonded hexafluoroacetylacetonato ligands." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 72, no. 7 (July 1, 1994): 1605–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v94-200.
Full textAbstract:
The new complex [Ag2(hfac)2(μ-dmpm)2] (hfac = hexafluoroacetylacetonato, dmpm = Me2PCH2PMe2) has been prepared and characterized both spectroscopically and by an X-ray structure determination (orthorhombic, Pbca (No. 61), a = 9.960(2), b = 14.694(3), c = 22.548(3) Å, Z = 4, R = 0.0495, Rw = 0.0532). The data indicate that the hfac− ligands have mostly ionic character and it is suggested that this may be responsible for the low volatility of complexes [Ag(hfac)Ln] compared to [Cu(hfac)Ln]; these complexes are of interest as precursors for chemical vapour deposition of silver.
36
Sanuki, Takuro, Gaku Mishima, Kensuke Kiriishi, Shinji Kurata, Ichiro Okaysu, Mari Kawai, Toshihiro Watanabe, Mizuki Tachi, Nobuyasu Komasawa, and Takao Ayuse. "Nitrous Oxide Inhalation Sedation Through a Nasal High-Flow System: The Possibility of a New Technique in Dental Sedation." Anesthesia Progress 64, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 175–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2344/anpr-64-04-06.
Full textAbstract:
High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) systems are increasingly used for patients with both acute and chronic respiratory failure because of the clinical effectiveness and patient comfort associated with their use. Recently, HFNC has been used not only as a respiratory support device, but also as a drug delivery system. HFNC is designed to administer heated and humidified inspiratory oxygen flows (100% relative humidity at 37°C). Therefore, HFNC can provide high flows (up to 60 L/min) without discomfort. Moreover, HFNC improves oxygenation by exerting physiologic effects such as (a) dead-space washout and (b) moderate positive airway pressure. These characteristics and physiologic effects of HFNC may permit administration of high-flow nitrous oxide sedation while ensuring patient comfort and adequate sedative effect.
37
Pawlowski, Valeri, Andreas Strasser, and Arnd Vogler. "Synthesis, Electronic Spectra and Solvent-Induced Reversible Dissociation of Diphosphine(hexafluoroacetylacetonato)copper(I) Complexes." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 58, no. 10 (October 1, 2003): 950–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2003-1003.
Full textAbstract:
The complexes CuI(P-P)(hfac) with P-P = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (diphos), 1,3-bis-(diphenylphosphino)propane (prophos), 2,2’-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1’-binaphthyl (binap) and hfac = hexafluoroacetylacetonate were synthesized and spectroscopically characterized. In the solid state or in solutions of non-polar solvents these compounds are yellow owing to a long-wavelength (hfac− →P-P) ligand-to-ligand charge transfer absorption. In coordinating solvents such as CH3CN the complexes undergo a reversible dissociation according to the equation: Cu(P-P)(hfac) + n CH3CN ⇌ [Cu(P-P)(CH3CN)n]+hfac−.While the complexes are not luminescent the ion pairs [Cu(P-P)(CH3CN)n]+hfac− are emissive at 77 K. The cations and the anions show separate emissions as indicated by the excitation spectra.
38
Dosman, Cara F., and Richard L. Jones. "High-Frequency Chest Compression: A Summary of the Literature." Canadian Respiratory Journal 12, no. 1 (2005): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2005/525813.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the present literature summary is to describe high-frequency chest compression (HFCC), summarize its history and outline study results on its effect on mucolysis, mucus transport, pulmonary function and quality of life. HFCC is a mechanical method of self-administered chest physiotherapy, which induces rapid air movement in and out of the lungs. This mean oscillated volume is an effective method of mucolysis and mucus clearance. HFCC can increase independence. Some studies have shown that HFCC leads to more mucus clearance and better lung function compared with conventional chest physiotherapy. However, HFCC also decreases end-expiratory lung volume, which can lead to increased airway resistance and a decreased oscillated volume. Adding positive end-expiratory pressure to HFCC has been shown to prevent this decrease in end-expiratory lung volume and to increase the oscillated volume. It is possible that the HFCC-induced decrease in end-expiratory lung volume may result in more mucus clearance in airways that remain open by reducing airway size. Adjunctive methods, such as positive end-expiratory pressure, may not always be needed to make HFCC more effective.
39
ter Wee, René D., and Bernardus J. Thio. "The Effect of High Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy in Exercised-Induced Asthma of Children." Journal of Respiration 1, no. 3 (July 20, 2021): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jor1030018.
Full textAbstract:
High flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy is a non-invasive oxygen delivery mode which is safe and well tolerated by adults and children with respiratory distress. HFNC is increasingly used in children with respiratory distress due to mucus retention, such as bronchiolitis and acute asthma. However, he effectiveness of this therapy in acute asthma has not been well researched. To evaluate HFNC for acute childhood asthma, we designed a randomized prospective crossover trial. In the trial, children aged 6–18 years, with a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) lability of ≥30% during an exercise challenge test (ECT) are included. The time of fully recovered lung function within 10% of the baseline after peak fall of FEV1 is compared with and without HFNC therapy. A 50% reduction of recovery time during HFNC therapy compared to recovery time without HFNC is considered clinically relevant, with a power of 80% and a significance level of 5%. Secondly, the pressure used by the HFNC device to deliver the constant present flow is evaluated. A relationship between the measured pressure and the degree of recovery may reveal a working mechanism behind HFNC.
40
Dafydd, Carwyn, Benjamin J. Saunders, Sarah J. Kotecha, and Martin O. Edwards. "Efficacy and safety of high flow nasal oxygen for children with bronchiolitis: systematic review and meta-analysis." BMJ Open Respiratory Research 8, no. 1 (July 2021): e000844. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000844.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundTo assess the published evidence to establish the efficacy and safety of high flow oxygen cannula (HFNC) as respiratory support for children up to 24 months of age with bronchiolitis within acute hospital settings.MethodsWe searched eight databases up to March 2021. Studies including children up to 24 months of age with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis recruited to an randomised controlled trial were considered in the full meta-analysis. At least one arm of the study must include HFNC as respiratory support and report at least one of the outcomes of interest. Studies were identified and extracted by two reviewers. Data were analysed using Review Manager V.5.4.ResultsFrom 2943 article titles, 308 full articles were screened for inclusion. 23 studies met the inclusion criteria, 15 were included in the metanalyses. Four studies reported on treatment failure rates when comparing HFNC to standard oxygen therapy (SOT). Data suggests HFNC is superior to SOT (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.57). Four studies reported on treatment failure rates when comparing HFNC to continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP). No significant difference was found between CPAP and HFNC (OR 1.64, 95% CI 0.96 to 2.79; p=0.07). Four studies report on adverse outcomes when comparing HFNC to SOT. No significant difference was found between HFNC & SOT (OR 1.47, 95% CI 0.54 to 3.99).ConclusionHFNC is superior to SOT in terms of treatment failure and there is no significant difference between HFNC and CPAP in terms of treatment failure. The results suggest HFNC is safe to use in acute hospital settings.
41
Kim, Eunhye, Kyeongman Jeon, Dong Kyu Oh, Young-Jae Cho, Sang-Bum Hong, Yeon Joo Lee, Sang-Min Lee, et al. "Failure of High-Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy in Pneumonia and Non-Pneumonia Sepsis Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 16 (August 15, 2021): 3587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10163587.
Full textAbstract:
Despite the increasing use of high-flow nasal cannulas (HFNCs) to treat critically ill patients, data on their effectiveness for sepsis patients remains very limited. We studied a prospective cohort of sepsis patients from the Korean Sepsis Registry (18 intensive care units (ICUs)). Patients started on HFNC therapy for hypoxemia within the first three ICU days were enrolled. HFNC failure was defined as intubation or ICU death, and the primary outcome was early HFNC failure occurring within 72 h of HFNC initiation. Of 901 patients with sepsis admitted to the ICU, 206 who received HFNC therapy were finally included (117 with pneumonia vs. 89 with non-pneumonia sepsis; median age, 71.0 (63.0–78.0) years; PaO2/FiO2 ratio, 160.2 (107.9–228.2) mm Hg; septic shock, n = 81 (39.3%)). During HFNC therapy, 72 (35.0%) patients were intubated and 51 (24.8%) died. HFNC failure developed in 95 (46.1%) patients, and among them, early failure rate was 85.3% (81/95). On multivariate analysis, an immunocompromised state (odds ratio (OR) = 2.730), use of a combination of antibiotics (OR = 0.219), and the PaO2/FiO2 ratio (OR = 0.308) were significantly associated with early HFNC failure in pneumonia sepsis patients. However, in non-pneumonia sepsis patients, lactate levels (OR = 1.532) were significantly associated with early HFNC failure. In conclusion, a high proportion of sepsis patients experience HFNC failure, usually within 72 h after therapy initiation, which emphasizes the importance of close monitoring. Furthermore, unlike in pneumonia sepsis, organ failure (i.e., lactate) might serve as a prognostic marker in non-pneumonia sepsis (i.e., type IV respiratory failure).
42
Garland, Hilarie. "Impact of high flow nasal cannula implementation on the rate of intubation for bronchiolitis in Canada." Paediatrics & Child Health 23, suppl_1 (May 18, 2018): e32-e32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxy054.082.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract BACKGROUND Bronchiolitis affects more than one-third of children less than two years of age and is the most common reason for admission to hospital in the first year of life. Hospitalization rates have been on the rise, leading to an increase in healthcare expense, morbidity and impact on families. Bronchiolitis can have a heavy burden on health care resources including intubation and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admissions. Non-invasive respiratory support with high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is being used more routinely in paediatric centers, though evidence of efficacy in bronchiolitis is insufficient to date. We examined the impact that implementation of HFNC has had on intubation rate and ICU admissions for patients with bronchiolitis in Paediatric centres in Canada. OBJECTIVES Our primary objective was to determine the impact of HFNC on intubation rate in Canada for paediatric patients with bronchiolitis. Our secondary objectives were to determine the impact of HFNC on ICU admission rate, ICU length of stay (LOS) and total hospital LOS. DESIGN/METHODS We conducted a multicentre, interrupted time series analysis to examine intubation rates pre- to post-implementation of HFNC for children less than 2 years with bronchiolitis. Data were obtained from the CIHI database using the Canadian Coding Standards. Paediatric tertiary centres that introduced HFNC between 2009–2014 were included, and data were collected from January 2005 to December 2016. RESULTS A total of 17,643 patients met inclusion criteria; 5,862 were before and 11,791 after implementation of HFNC. Comparing the two groups, there was no significant change in the rate of intubation after HFNC was introduced. There was also no significant change in the trend of average LOS in hospital between the two groups. There was a significant increase in ICU admission rates after the introduction of HFNC. Prior to HFNC implementation, there was an increase in average ICU LOS, with a decrease in the overall trend following the introduction of HFNC. CONCLUSION Initiating HFNC in Canadian paediatric centres resulted in no significant change in intubation rates or total LOS in hospital, but was associated with an increase in ICU admissions and a decrease in ICU LOS. Though HFNC does not prevent intubations, it may improve clinical severity with shorter time in ICU needed. Adopting use of HFNC on the ward in the tertiary care setting may help to address increasing ICU admission rates with associated healthcare expenses.
43
Kuwata, Seiko, Clara Kurishima, Jeonghye Kim, Yoichi Iwamoto, Hirofumi Saiki, Hirotaka Ishido, Satoshi Masutani, and Hideaki Senzaki. "Clinical Evaluation of the Hemodynamic Effects of the High-Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy on the Fontan Circulation." Clinical Medicine Insights: Cardiology 9 (January 2015): CMC.S26137. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cmc.s26137.
Full textAbstract:
High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy supports respiratory effort with a minimal elevation in airway pressure. We examined hemodynamic effects of HFNC therapy in a 10-year-old girl with Fontan circulation, in which positive airway pressure has deleterious hemodynamic effects. The HFNC therapy at 30 L/min improved oxygenation without an increase in central venous pressure. It also reduced heart rate, and systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance, and increased cardiac output. In addition, the HFNC therapy improved the cerebral circulation measured by near-infrared spectroscopy. Thus, HFNC therapy may be a potentially useful noninvasive ventilation modality, particularly for patients with Fontan circulation.
44
Lee, Patrick, and Steven Salhanick. "Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Effectively Treated with High-flow Nasal Cannula." Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine 4, no. 1 (November 19, 2019): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5811/cpcem.2019.9.43618.
Full textAbstract:
Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is typically treated by administration of oxygen via non-rebreather mask (NRB). High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is an alternative to NRB in a variety of disease states. We report a case of the novel use of HFNC in the treatment of acute CO poisoning. A 29-year-old man presented with a carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) level of 29.8%. He was treated with HFNC, and COHb levels declined to 5.4% in 230 minutes. Given several theoretical advantages of HFNC relative to NRB, HFNC is a potential option for use in the treatment of CO poisoning.
45
Zhuang, Zhen-Jie, Chao-Wen Shan, Bo Li, Min-Xia Pang, Han Wang, Yan Luo, Yin-lan Liu, et al. "Linarin Enriched Extract Attenuates Liver Injury and Inflammation Induced by High-Fat High-Cholesterol Diet in Rats." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4701570.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to explore the potential beneficial effects of linarin enriched Flos Chrysanthemi extract (Lin-extract) on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) induced by high-fat high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet in rats. SD rats received normal diet, HFHC diet, or HFHC diet plus different doses of Lin-extract. The liver content of triglyceride and total cholesterol markedly increased in HFHC diet-fed model rats while middle and high dose of Lin-extract lowered liver cholesterol significantly. The expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD1) was upregulated by HFHC diet and further elevated by high dose Lin-extract. High dose of Lin-extract also markedly lowered the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and inhibited the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) induced by HFHC in livers. The HFHC-increased mRNA levels of hepatic inflammation cytokines, including monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1), were suppressed by Lin-extract dose-dependently. Furthermore, pathology evaluation showed that high dose Lin-extract greatly improved lobular inflammation. Our results suggest that Lin-extract could attenuate liver injury and inflammation induced by HFHC diet in rats. Its modulatory effect on lipid metabolism may partially contribute to this protective effect.
46
Cartea, Álvaro, and José Penalva. "Where is the Value in High Frequency Trading?" Quarterly Journal of Finance 02, no. 03 (September 2012): 1250014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010139212500140.
Full textAbstract:
We analyze the impact of high frequency (HF) trading in financial markets based on a model with three types of traders: liquidity traders (LTs), professional traders (PTs), and high frequency traders (HFTs). Our four main findings are: (i) The price impact of liquidity trades is higher in the presence of the HFTs and is increasing with the size of the trade. In particular, we show that HFTs reduce (increase) the prices that LTs receive when selling (buying) their equity holdings. (ii) Although PTs lose revenue in every trade intermediated by HFTs, they are compensated with a higher liquidity discount in the market price. (iii) HF trading increases the microstructure noise of prices. (iv) The volume of trades increases as the HFTs intermediate trades between the LTs and PTs. This additional volume is a consequence of trades which are carefully tailored for surplus extraction and are neither driven by fundamentals nor is it noise trading. In equilibrium, HF trading and PTs coexist as competition drives down the profits for new HFTs while the presence of HFTs does not drive out traditional PTs.
47
Schwandt, W. Franklin, Toby J. Woods, and Gregory S. Girolami. "Crystal structure of tetrakis(1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetonato)hafnium(IV)." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 74, no. 8 (July 31, 2018): 1182–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989018010514.
Full textAbstract:
The crystal structure of the title compound, [Hf(C5HF6O2)4], has been determined. The asymmetric unit contains two Hf(hfac)4 molecules (hfac = 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetonate); both are located on general positions and have identical structures apart from the disorder involving three CF3 groups in one of the two molecules. The molecules of Hf(hfac)4 are arranged in layers that are parallel to the ab plane, and the coordination geometry of each hafnium(IV) center is a distorted square antiprism. An interesting aspect of the structure is that the hfac ligands are arranged so that the Hf(hfac)4 molecules have idealized 2 point symmetry, in which two of the hfac groups bridge between the two squares. Although all other M(β-diketonate)4 compounds of Hf (and Zr) also have square-antiprismatic geometries; in almost all of them the ligands are arranged so that the molecules have 222 point symmetry (in which none of the hfac ligands bridges between the two squares). The factors that favor one structure over another are not clear.
48
Cheng, Chang, Wang, Hsiao, Lai, and Chao. "The Impact of High-Flow Nasal Cannula on the Outcome of Immunocompromised Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Medicina 55, no. 10 (October 16, 2019): 693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina55100693.
Full textAbstract:
Background and objectives: High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) can be used as a respiratory support strategy for patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF). However, no clear evidence exists to support or oppose HFNC use in immunocompromised patients. Thus, this meta-analysis aims to assess the effects of HFNC, compared to conventional oxygen therapy (COT) and noninvasive ventilation (NIV), on the outcomes in immunocompromised patients with ARF. The Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched up to November 2018. Materials and Methods: Only clinical studies comparing the effect of HFNC with COT or NIV for immunocompromised patients with ARF were included. The outcome included the rate of intubation, mortality and length of stay (LOS). Results: A total of eight studies involving 1433 immunocompromised patients with ARF were enrolled. The pooled analysis showed that HFNC was significantly associated with a reduced intubation rate (risk ratio (RR), 0.83; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.74–0.94, I2 = 0%). Among subgroup analysis, HFNC was associated with a lower intubation rate than COT (RR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.75–0.95, I2 = 0%) and NIV (RR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.40–0.86, I2 = 0%), respectively. However, there was no significant difference between HFNC and control groups in terms of 28-day mortality (RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.58–1.04, I2 = 48%), and intensive care unit (ICU) mortality (RR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.73–1.05, I2 = 57%). The ICU and hospital LOS were similar between HFNC and control groups (ICU LOS: mean difference, 0.49 days; 95% CI, −0.25–1.23, I2 = 69%; hospital LOS: mean difference, −0.12 days; 95% CI, −1.86–1.61, I2 = 64%). Conclusions: Use of HFNC may decrease the intubation rate in immunocompromised patients with ARF compared with the control group, including COT and NIV. However, HFNC could not provide additional survival benefit or shorten the LOS. Further large, randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings.
49
Ko, Ryoung-Eun, Chul Park, Jimyoung Nam, Myeong Gyun Ko, Soo Jin Na, Joong Hyun Ahn, Keumhee C. Carriere, and Kyeongman Jeon. "Effect of post-extubation high-flow nasal cannula on reintubation in elderly patients: a retrospective propensity score-matched cohort study." Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease 14 (January 2020): 175346662096849. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753466620968497.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Studies of mechanically ventilated patients with a low risk of reintubation have suggested that the use of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy reduces the risk of reintubation compared with conventional oxygen therapy (COT). However, the effect of HFNC following extubation in elderly patients with a high risk of reintubation remains unclear. Methods: All consecutive medical intensive care unit (ICU) patients aged >65 years who were mechanically ventilated for >24 h were prospectively registered between July 2017 and June 2018. Control was obtained from a historical database of patients attending the same ICU from January 2012 to December 2013. A total of 152 patients who underwent HFNC after planned extubation according to institutional protocols (HFNC group) were compared with a propensity-matched historical control group who underwent COT ( n = 175, COT group). The primary outcome was the proportion of reintubated patients within 48 h after planned extubation. Results: One hundred patients from the HFNC group and 129 patients from the COT group were matched by a propensity score that reflected the probability of receiving HFNC, and all variables were well matched. Post-extubation respiratory failure (41.0% versus 33.3%, p = 0.291) and reintubation rate within 48 h (16.0% versus 11.6%, p = 0.436) did not differ between the HFNC and COT groups. However, decreased levels of consciousness as a sign of post-extubation respiratory failure (27.0% versus 11.7%, p = 0.007) were significantly increased in the HFNC group compared with the COT group. Conclusion: Among elderly patients who underwent planned extubation, HFNC was not associated with a decrease in the risk of reintubation. Further prospective study evaluating the clinical benefits of post-extubation HFNC in elderly patients is needed. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
50
Zhang, Neil S., Jeffrey Schonberg, S. Leonard Syme, and Colette L. Auerswald. "“My Hope Is . . . ”: A Hope-Based Typology of Homeless Youth." Youth & Society 52, no. 8 (January 30, 2019): 1523–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x19826418.
Full textAbstract:
Many youth experiencing homelessness (YEH) are surprisingly hopeful. We propose a typology of the hopes for the future (HFTF) of YEH, based on a qualitative study employing grounded theory. YEH fell into four categories: (a) nonmainstream HFTF youth who wished to escape the mainstream, (b) mainstream HFTF youth who wished to integrate into the mainstream, (c) marijuana-economy HFTF youth who aspired to escape homelessness by entering the marijuana economy, and (d) no HFTF youth who did not or could not envision the future. Our finding that some YEH transition between different HFTF suggests a modifiable point of intervention. We share novel findings regarding how the perceived trajectories of some YEH may have been influenced by the evolving legal status of marijuana. Our emic approach to constructing a typology may inform the design of more acceptable/effective interventions. We suggest implications, including ethical quandaries, raised by our findings.