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Hammoud, Rola, Emanuela Pannia, Chih-Sheng Liao, Ruslan Kubant, Erland Arning, Teodoro Bottiglieri, Zdenka Pausova, and G. Harvey Anderson. "Choline Supplementation Mitigates the Adverse Effects of a High Folic Acid Maternal Diet on Food Intake Regulation in the Offspring." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa067_033.
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Abstract Objectives Folic acid (FA) intake by many women in North America is exceeding recommendations. We have shown that high maternal FA induces methylation-dependent programming of energy regulation associated with an obesogenic phenotype in adult rat offspring. However, it is unclear if this is a direct effect of high FA or due to an imbalance between FA and other methyl-nutrients (i.e., choline) in the 1-carbon cycle. Unlike FA, choline intake by women is below recommendations and is absent from most prenatal supplements, potentially affecting fetal development. The objective of this study was to examine the mechanisms and effects of choline content in high FA maternal diets on in-utero programming of energy regulation and later-life offspring phenotype. Methods Pregnant Wistar rats were fed an AIN-93 G diet with recommended FA and choline (1X, RFRC, control), or 5X-FA diet with choline at 0.5X-(HFLC), 1X-(HFRC), or 2.5X- (HFHC). In pups at birth, brain and liver 1-carbon metabolites, hypothalamic DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity and global DNA methylation (5-mC%) were measured. At weaning, one male pup/dam was fed the control diet and weekly weight-gain and food intake were recorded for 20 weeks. Results Offspring born to dams on the HFLC and HFRC, but not HFHC diet, had higher food intake (P < 0.05) and weight-gain (P < 0.01) than controls. In liver at birth, free choline was lower in HFHC than in HFLC pups, but betaine was unaffected. In contrast, in brains, betaine but not free choline concentrations, directly reflected the maternal choline diets. These results suggest that choline may modulate central food intake pathways via the methyl-donor betaine, warranting further investigation. Hypothalamic DNMT activity was highest (P < 0.05) in HFLC pups but global methylation was not affected. Thus, gene expression by RNA sequencing and gene-specific methylation in the hypothalamus is in progress to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the observed phenotype. Conclusions Increased maternal choline mitigates the high FA diet induced increase in body weight and food intake in the adult offspring and results in tissue-specific changes in 1-carbon metabolism at birth. These findings have potential application to human health, providing support to optimize choline and FA intakes by women of childbearing age. Funding Sources CIHR-INMD.
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Hopkins, Mark, Catherine Gibbons, Phillipa Caudwell, John E. Blundell, and Graham Finlayson. "Differing effects of high-fat or high-carbohydrate meals on food hedonics in overweight and obese individuals." British Journal of Nutrition 115, no. 10 (March 22, 2016): 1875–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114516000775.
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AbstractAlthough the effects of dietary fat and carbohydrate on satiety are well documented, little is known about the impact of these macronutrients on food hedonics. We examined the effects ofad libitumand isoenergetic meals varying in fat and carbohydrate on satiety, energy intake and food hedonics. In all, sixty-five overweight and obese individuals (BMI=30·9 (sd3·8) kg/m2) completed two separate test meal days in a randomised order in which they consumed high-fat/low-carbohydrate (HFLC) or low-fat/high-carbohydrate (LFHC) foods. Satiety was measured using subjective appetite ratings to calculate the satiety quotient. Satiation was assessed by intake atad libitummeals. Hedonic measures of explicit liking (subjective ratings) and implicit wanting (speed of forced choice) for an array of HFLC and LFHC foods were also tested before and after isoenergetic HFLC and LFHC meals. The satiety quotient was greater afterad libitumand isoenergetic meals during the LFHC condition compared with the HFLC condition (P=0·006 andP=0·001, respectively), whereasad libitumenergy intake was lower in the LFHC condition (P<0·001). Importantly, the LFHC meal also reduced explicit liking (P<0·001) and implicit wanting (P=0·011) for HFLC foods compared with the isoenergetic HFLC meal, which failed to suppress the hedonic appeal of subsequent HFLC foods. Therefore, when coupled with increased satiety and lower energy intake, the greater suppression of hedonic appeal for high-fat food seen with LFHC foods provides a further mechanism for why these foods promote better short-term appetite control than HFLC foods.
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Raharjo, Budiono, and Solichul Hadi. "HIGH FLUORESCENT LYMPHOCYTE COUNT EXAMINATION IN DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC PATIENTS WITH SYSMEX XN-1000 HEMATOLOGY ANALYZER." INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY 25, no. 2 (April 13, 2019): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.24293/ijcpml.v25i2.1443.
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Sysmex XN-1000 hematology analyzer is an automated 5-part diff analyzer (eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes). In the calculated area, the type of difference between the Sysmex hematology device and other hematology devices is Immature Granulocyte (IG), Nucleated Red Blood Cell (NRBC), and High Fluorescent Lymphocytes Count (HFLC). The cells calculated in the HFLC area are atypical lymphocytes. In patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever, it is often found atypical lymphocytes called blue plasma lymphocytes. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of HFLC in patients with dengue fever using the hematology analyzer Sysmex XN-1000. A descriptive retrospective study was conducted during April-May 2017. The subjects of the study were adult patients diagnosed with dengue hemorrhagic fever with WHO criteria. Of the 47 samples of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) patients, the average HFLC results were between 2.0-32.3%, which was 11.5%, while the average range of normal HFLC values was between 0.0-1.4% and was 0.3%. In cases of DHF, there is an increase in HFLC. This is likely to be attributed to atypical lymphocyte increase in dengue hemorrhagic fever. Further research with more varied samples still needs to be done.
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Bandyopadhyay, Kaustav, Pabitra Kumar Parua, Ajit Bikram Datta, and Pradeep Parrack. "Escherichia coli HflK and HflC can individually inhibit the HflB (FtsH)-mediated proteolysis of λCII in vitro." Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 501, no. 2 (September 2010): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2010.06.030.
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Hafez, Ahmed T., and Mohamed A. Kamel. "Cooperative Task Assignment and Trajectory Planning of Unmanned Systems Via HFLC and PSO." Unmanned Systems 07, no. 02 (April 2019): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2301385019500018.
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This paper investigates the problems of cooperative task assignment and trajectory planning for teams of cooperative unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). A novel approach of hierarchical fuzzy logic controller (HFLC) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed. Initially, teams of UAVs are moving in a pre-defined formation covering a specified area. When one or more targets are detected, the teams send a package of information to the ground station (GS) including the target’s degree of threat, degree of importance, and the separating distance between each team and each detected target. Based on the gathered information, the ground station assigns the teams to the targets. HFLC is implemented in the GS to solve the assignment problem ensuring that each team is assigned to a unique target. Next, each team plans its own path by formulating the path planning problem as an optimization problem. The objective in this case is to minimize the time to reach their destination considering the UAVs dynamic constraints and collision avoidance between teams. A hybrid approach of control parametrization and time discretization (CPTD) and PSO is proposed to solve this optimization problem. Finally, numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
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Haider, Rana Zeeshan, Najeed Ahmed Khan, Eloisa Urrechaga, and Tahir Sultan Shamsi. "Mature and Immature/Activated Cells Fractionation: Time for a Paradigm Shift in Differential Leucocyte Count Reporting?" Diagnostics 11, no. 6 (May 21, 2021): 922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11060922.
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Leucocytes, especially neutrophils featuring pro- and anti-cancerous characteristics, are involved in nearly every stage of tumorigenesis. Phenotypic and functional differences among mature and immature neutrophil fractions are well reported, and their correlation with tumor progression and therapy has emerging implications in modern oncology practices. Technological advancements enabled modern hematology analyzers to generate extended information (research parameters) during complete blood cell count (CBC) analysis. We hypothesized that neutrophil and lymphocyte fractions-related extended differential leucocytes count (DLC) parameters hold superior diagnostic utility over routine modalities. The present study was carried out over a four-and-a-half-year period wherein extended neutrophil (immature granulocyte [IG] and mature neutrophil [NEUT#&]), and lymphocyte (activated/high fluorescence lymphocyte count [HFLC] and resting lymphocyte [LYMP#&]) parameters were challenged over routine neutrophil [NEUT#] and lymphocyte [LYMP#] items in a study population of 1067 hematological neoplasm patients. Extending the classical statistical approaches, machine-learning-backed data visualization was used to explore trends in the study parameters. As a whole, extended neutrophil and lymphocyte count outperformed and was diagnostically more relevant than routine neutrophil and lymphocyte parameters by showing the least difference from their respective (gold-standard) manual DLC counts. The mature neutrophil count was compared to IG, and resting lymphocyte count was compared to HFLC by calling the function ‘correlation’ as a ‘clustering function’ for heatmap based visualization. The aforementioned study parameters displayed close clustering (rearrangement) for their respective study items by presenting distinct trends of equally valuable weights (deviated values), advocating fractions-based extended DLC reporting. Importantly, using a Bland and Altman analysis analogously to a manual neutrophil count, the mature neutrophil count [NEUT#&] remained unbiased since a routine neutrophil count [NEUT#] was found to be a negatively biased. The extended DLC-parameter-driven fractions-based reporting has superior diagnostic utility over classical routine approaches; this finding can largely minimize labor-intensive manual DLC practices, especially in hematology–oncology departments.
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Breda, Laura, Sara Gardenghi, Ella Guy, Ninette Amariglio, Konstantin Adamsky, Orly Weizer-Stern, Eliezer Rachmilewitz, et al. "Kinetic of Iron Absorption and Expression of Iron Related Genes in Beta-Thalassemia." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 3846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.3846.3846.
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Abstract We generated the first transplantable adult mouse models of beta-thalassemia intermedia and major by infusing mouse hematopoietic-fetal-liver cells (HFLC) heterozygous or homozygous for a deletion of the beta-globin gene (respectively with th3/+ and th3/th3 cells) into lethally irradiated congenic C57BL/6 mice. Six to 8 weeks post transplantation, mice transplanted with th3/+ HFLCs show 7 to 9 g/dL of hemoglobin levels, splenomegaly, abnormal red cells and increased iron overload. Mice transplanted with th3/th3 HFLCs, unless blood transfused, die 8 to 10 weeks after engraftment showing profound anemia, massive splenomegaly and very rapid and dramatic iron overload. For this reason, we began a systematic study to compare iron content and the expression level of iron related genes in normal and thalassemic mice of varying ages and sex in different organs (liver, duodenum, spleen, kidney and heart). In liver, we observed that iron content increases proportionally with the level of anemia, age and if the blood transfusion is included. We are currently analyzing the other organs. The expression of hepcidin, ferroportin, Hfe, ferritin, transferrin, transferrin-receptor 1 and 2, ceruloplasmin, divalent metal transporter 1 and hemojuvelin are being tested also in all these organs. In particular, we observed that hepcidin is dramatically downregulated in liver of beta-thalassemic animals. Our hypothesis is that low expression of this gene leads to high iron content in these animals. We intend to demonstrate that administration or increasing hepcidin levels of this peptide can prevent iron absorption in beta-thalassemia. We developed two alternative strategies to test our hypothesis. In the first one, we synthesized the active form of the mouse hepcidin peptide that will be administered intraperitoneally to mice affected by beta-thalassemia. In the second, lentiviral vectors have been generated in order to constitutively secrete hepcidin in the bloodstream of animals affected by beta-thalassemia. These vectors were introduced into hematopoietic stem cells derived from mouse embryos of normal and mice affected by beta-thalassemia and engrafted in myeolablated normal mice. The engrafted mice express hepcidin 6 weeks post transplantation by RT PCR. These animals, along with the animals in which hepcidin will be administrated intraperitoneally, will be analyzed at the endpoint of the experiment (> 4 months) for their hematological values and iron content to see if the use of hepcidin can be used to prevent excessive iron absorption in beta-thalassemia.
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Dutta, Dipak, Kaustav Bandyopadhyay, Ajit Bikram Datta, Abhijit A. Sardesai, and Pradeep Parrack. "Properties of HflX, an Enigmatic Protein from Escherichia coli." Journal of Bacteriology 191, no. 7 (January 30, 2009): 2307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01353-08.
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ABSTRACT The Escherichia coli gene hflX was first identified as part of the hflA operon, mutations in which led to an increased frequency of lysogenization upon infection of the bacterium by the temperate coliphage lambda. Independent mutational studies have also indicated that the HflX protein has a role in transposition. Based on the sequence of its gene, HflX is predicted to be a GTP-binding protein, very likely a GTPase. We report here purification and characterization of the HflX protein. We also specifically examined its suggested functional roles mentioned above. Our results show that HflX is a monomeric protein with a high (30% to 40%) content of helices. It exhibits GTPase as well as ATPase activities, but it has no role in lambda lysogeny or in transposition.
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Chavero-Navarrete, Ernesto, Mario Trejo-Perea, Juan Carlos Jáuregui-Correa, Roberto Valentín Carrillo-Serrano, Guillermo Ronquillo-Lomeli, and José Gabriel Ríos-Moreno. "Hierarchical Pitch Control for Small Wind Turbines Based on Fuzzy Logic and Anticipated Wind Speed Measurement." Applied Sciences 10, no. 13 (July 2, 2020): 4592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10134592.
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Bringing electricity to areas of difficult terrain is a complicated task, so it is convenient to generate power using local natural resources, such as wind, through a small horizontal-axis wind turbine (S-HAWT). However, at the rotor height of these wind turbines, the wind is often turbulent due to obstacles such as trees and buildings. For a turbine to function properly in these conditions, the action of the wind force on the rotor must be smoothed out by controlling the pitch angle. A commercial derivative-integral-proportional (PID)-type pitch controller works well when system dynamics are stable, but not when there are disturbances in the system. This paper proposes a hierarchical fuzzy logic controller (HFLC) to solve the nonlinear system effects produced by atypical winds. The methodology includes a statistical analysis of wind variability at the installation site, which determines the functions of belonging and its hierarchy. In addition, installing an anemometer in front of the turbine allows an advanced positioning of the blades in the presence of wind gusts. The algorithm was implemented in an S-HAWT, and a comparison was made to quantify the performance difference between the proposed control strategy and a conventional PID controller.
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Kihara, A., Y. Akiyama, and K. Ito. "Host regulation of lysogenic decision in bacteriophage : Transmembrane modulation of FtsH (HflB), the cII degrading protease, by HflKC (HflA)." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 94, no. 11 (May 27, 1997): 5544–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.11.5544.
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Barros, Érico Luiz Damasceno, Shelon Cristina Souza Pinto, Alvaro Henrique Borges, Mateus Rodrigues Tonetto, Roger Phillip Ellwood, Ian Pretty, and Matheus Coelho Bandéca. "Toothpaste Prevents Debonded Brackets on Erosive Enamel." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/468582.
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This study evaluated the effect of high fluoride dentifrice on the bond strength of brackets after erosive challenge. Eighty-four enamel specimens were divided into seven groups(n=12): WN (distilled water/no acid challenge), W3C (distilled water/3 cycles of acid challenge), and W6C (distilled water/6 cycles of acid challenge) were not submitted to dentifrice treatment. Groups RF3C (regular fluoride dentifrice/3 cycles of acid challenge) and RF6C (regular fluoride dentifrice/6 cycles of acid challenge) were treated with dentifrices containing 1450 μg F−/g and HF3C (high fluoride dentifrice/3 cycles of acid challenge) and HF6C (high fluoride dentifrice/6 cycles of acid challenge) were with 5000 μg F−/g. Acid challenges were performed for seven days. After bond strength test, there was no significant difference among groups submitted to 3 cycles of acid challenge(P>0.05). Statistically significant difference was found between the regular and high fluoride dentifrices after 6 cycles of acid challenge (<0.05). Similar areas of adhesive remaining were found among control groups and among groups W6C, RF3C, RF6C, HF3C, and HF6C. The high fluoride dentifrice was able to prevent the reduction of bond strength values of brackets submitted to acid challenge. Clinical relevance: the high fluoride toothpaste prevents debonded brackets on erosive enamel.
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Kihara, A., Y. Akiyama, and K. Ito. "A protease complex in the Escherichia coli plasma membrane: HflKC (HflA) forms a complex with FtsH (HflB), regulating its proteolytic activity against SecY." EMBO Journal 15, no. 22 (November 1996): 6122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb01000.x.
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Gou, Xunjie, Zeshui Xu, and Huchang Liao. "Hesitant Fuzzy Linguistic Possibility Degree-Based Linear Assignment Method for Multiple Criteria Decision-Making." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 18, no. 01 (January 2019): 35–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622017500377.
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Hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set (HFLTS), as a flexible tool to represent people’s uncertain cognition, has attracted lots of scholars’ research interests, and a series of methodologies have been proposed to deal with a variety of decision-making problems. In this paper, we develop a hesitant fuzzy linguistic possibility degree-based linear assignment (HFL-PDLA) method to tackle the multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) problems under hesitant fuzzy linguistic environment. Firstly, we define the possibility degree of hesitant fuzzy linguistic element (HFLE). Additionally, some relevant concepts related to the HFL-PDLA method are proposed, such as the relative difference matrix, the rank contribution matrix, the optimal permutation matrix, etc. Furthermore, the algorithm of the HFL-PDLA method is given to deal with hesitant fuzzy linguistic MCDM problems. Moreover, we apply the HFL-PDLA method to deal with a practical case which is to select the optimal treatment technology for disposing the outspent or old medical apparatuses and instruments in West China Hospital (WCH). Finally, we show the advantages of the HFL-PDLA method by making some comparative analyses with the TOPSIS method, the VIKOR method the PROMETHEE method and the LINMAP method.
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Ma, Weimin, Wenjing Lei, and Bingzhen Sun. "Three-way group decisions under hesitant fuzzy linguistic environment for green supplier selection." Kybernetes 49, no. 12 (January 13, 2020): 2919–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-09-2019-0602.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a three-way group decision-making approach to address the selection of green supplier, by extending decision-theoretic rough set (DTRS) into hesitant fuzzy linguistic (HFL) environment, considering the flexible evaluation expression format of HFL term set (HFLTS) and the idea of minimum expected risk in DTRS. Design/methodology/approach Specifically, the authors first present the calculation method of the conditional probability and discuss the loss functions of DTRS with HFL element (HFLE), along with some associated properties being investigated in detail. Further, three-way group decisions rules can be deduced, followed by the cost of every green supplier candidate. Thus, based on these discussions, a novel green supplier selection DTRS model that combines multi-criteria group decision-making (MCGDM) and HFLTS is designed. Findings A numerical example of green supplier selection, the comparative analysis and associated discussions are conducted to illustrate the applicability and novelty of the presented model. Practical implications The selection of green supplier has played a critically strategic role in sustainable enterprise development due to continuous environmental concerns. This paper offers an insight for companies to select green supplier selection from the perspective of three-way group decisions. Originality/value This paper uses three-way decisions to address green supplier selection in the HFL context, which is considered as a MCGDM issue.
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Park, Man-Young, Jong-Hoon Son, Sang-Woo Kang, and Shi-Woo Rhee. "Comparison of (hexafluoroacetylacetonate)Cu(vinyltrimethylsilane) and (hexafluoroacetylacetonate)Cu(allyltrimethylsilane) for metalorganic chemical vapor deposition of copper." Journal of Materials Research 14, no. 3 (March 1999): 975–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0129.
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For the metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) of copper, (hfac)Cu(VTMS) (hfac = hexafluoroacetylacetonate, VTMS = vinyltrimethylsilane) and (hfac)Cu(ATMS) (ATMS = allyltrimethylsilane) were compared, and the effect of L ligand in (hfac)Cu–L was examined. It was found by 1H-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) that the thermal stability of (hfac)Cu(VTMS) was better than that of (hfac)Cu(ATMS) due to the relatively weak Cu–ATMS bond. From in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) experiments, the formation of Cu(hfac)2, the product of disproportion reaction of Cu(hfac), was observed in the gas phase and (hfac)Cu(ATMS) was found to be more reactive to form Cu(hfac)2. The minimum temperature for the deposition of copper films from (hfac)Cu(ATMS) was as low as 60 °C, which was about 70 °C lower than from (hfac)Cu(VTMS). The grain size of the film deposited with (hfac)Cu(ATMS) was substantially larger than that with (hfac)Cu(VTMS), which showed that the chemical reactivity of the precursor had an influence on the microstructure along with the deposition temperature.
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Dai, Yujie, Jingjing Ding, Wen Yin, Yuzhu He, Fei Yu, Cong Ye, Shaoxian Hu, and Yikai Yu. "Increased Autophagy Enhances the Resistance to Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Treatment in Rheumatoid Arthritis Human Fibroblast-Like Synovial Cell." BioMed Research International 2018 (October 25, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4941027.
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) was reported to increase autophagy in rheumatoid arthritis human fibroblast-like synovial cell (RA-HFLS). We investigated different levels of TNF-α exposed to RA-HFLS by focusing on the relationship of autophagy and apoptosis. RA-HFLS and normal human fibroblast-like synovial cell (HFLS) were stimulated by TNF-α in the presence or the absence of 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or chloroquine (CQ). Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Autophagy was determined through the expression levels of LC3, Beclin1, and P62 measured by Western Blot analysis as well as Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy. The basal autophagy level was significantly higher in RA-HFLS than in HFLS. Autophagy was enhanced both in RA-HFLS and HFLS when they were treated with TNF-α. With the treatment of TNF-α, a slightly higher autophagy level was found in RA-HFLS than in HFLS, without a dose dependent effect. When autophagy was inhibited by 3-MA or CQ, apoptosis increased in both groups. With the stimulation of different doses TNF-α, apoptosis was much higher in HFLS group than in RA-HFLS. Autophagy is a protection mechanism when treated by TNF-α in RA-HFLS.
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Koyauchi, Takafumi, Hideki Yasui, Noriyuki Enomoto, Hirotsugu Hasegawa, Hironao Hozumi, Yuzo Suzuki, Masato Karayama, et al. "Pulse oximetric saturation to fraction of inspired oxygen (SpO2/FIO2) ratio 24 hours after high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) initiation is a good predictor of HFNC therapy in patients with acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease." Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease 14 (January 2020): 175346662090632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753466620906327.
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Background: High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy provides effective respiratory management in patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure. However, the efficacy and tolerability of HFNC for patients with acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease (AE-ILD) have not been established. This study was performed to assess the efficacy and tolerability of HFNC for patients with AE-ILD and identify the early predictors of the outcome of HFNC treatment. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients with AE-ILD who underwent HFNC. Overall survival, the success rate of HFNC treatment, adverse events, temporary interruption of treatment, discontinuation of treatment at the patient’s request, and predictors of the outcome of HFNC treatment were evaluated. Results: A total of 66 patients were analyzed. Of these, 26 patients (39.4%) showed improved oxygenation and were successfully withdrawn from HFNC. The 30-day survival rate was 48.5%. No discontinuations at the patient’s request were observed, and no serious adverse events occurred. The pulse oximetric saturation to fraction of inspired oxygen (SpO2/FIO2) ratio 24 h after initiating HFNC showed high prediction accuracy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.802) for successful HFNC treatment. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, an SpO2/FIO2 ratio of at least 170.9 at 24 h after initiation was significantly associated with successful HFNC treatment (odds ratio, 51.3; 95% confidence interval, 6.13–430; p < 0.001). Conclusions: HFNC was well tolerated in patients with AE-ILD, suggesting that HFNC is a reasonable respiratory management for these patients. The SpO2/FIO2 ratio 24 h after initiating HFNC was a good predictor of successful HFNC treatment. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
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Lethesh, Kallidanthiyil Chellappan, Sigurd Øien-Ødegaard, Kaushik Jayasayee, and Anne Fiksdahl. "Synthesis of magnesium complexes of ionic liquids with highly coordinating anions." Dalton Transactions 48, no. 3 (2019): 982–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8dt04364g.
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Magnesium-complexes [Mg2+(hfac−)3][Cation+] were prepared from Mg(Tf2N)2and ILs; [C4mim][hfac], [C4Pyr][hfac], [C4Pip][hfac], [C6Morph][hfac], and [C4Pyrr][hfac]; complex-characterization by1H and13C NMR, and X-ray spectroscopy.
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Delbove, Agathe, Ambroise Foubert, François Mateos, Tiphaine Guy, and Marie Gousseff. "High flow nasal cannula oxygenation in COVID-19 related acute respiratory distress syndrome: a safe way to avoid endotracheal intubation?" Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease 15 (January 2021): 175346662110195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17534666211019555.
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Backgrounds: High flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is an alternative therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed first to describe outcomes of patients suffering from COVID-19-related ARDS treated with HFNC; secondly to evaluate safety of HFNC (patients and healthcare workers) and compare patients according to respiratory outcome. Methods: A retrospective cohort was conducted in French general hospital intensive care unit (ICU). Patients were included if receiving HFNC for hypoxemia (saturation pulse oxygen (SpO2) <92% under oxygen ⩾6 L/min) associated with ARDS and positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Main clinical characteristics and outcomes are described in patients: (a) with do not intubate order (HFNC-DNIO); (b) who did not need intubation (HFNC-only); and (c) eventually intubated (HFNC-intubation). Medians are presented with (1st–3rd) interquartile range. Results: From 26 February to 30 June 2020, 46 patients of median age 75 (70–79) years were included. In the HFNC-DNIO group ( n = 11), partial arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2)/inhaled fraction of oxygen (FiO2) ratio median worst PaO2/FiO2 ratio was 109 (102–172) and hospital mortality was 54.5%. Except the HFNC-DNIO patients ( n = 35), 20 patients (57%) were eventually intubated (HFNC-intubation group) and 15 were only treated by HFNC (HFNC-only). HFNC-intubation patients presented higher worst respiratory rates per minute in ICU [37 (34–41) versus 33 (24–34) min, p < 0.05] and worsened ICU admission PaO2/FiO2 ratios [121 (103–169) versus 191 (162–219), p < 0.001] compared with HFNC-only patients. Hospital mortality was 35% ( n = 7/20) in HFNC-intubation group, 0% in HFNC-only group with a global mortality of these two groups of 20% ( n = 7/35). Among tests performed in healthcare workers, 1/12 PCR in symptomatic healthcare workers and 1.8% serologies in asymptomatic healthcare workers were positive. After review of each case, COVID-19 was likely to be acquired outside hospital. Conclusions: HFNC seems to be useful for COVID-19-related ARDS and safe for healthcare workers. ARDS severity with PaO2/FiO2 <150 associated with respiratory rate >35/min could be regarded as a predictor of intubation. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
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Kansal, Amit, Shekhar Dhanvijay, Andrew Li, Jason Phua, Matthew Edward Cove, Wei Jun Dan Ong, Ser Hon Puah, et al. "Predictors and outcomes of high-flow nasal cannula failure following extubation: A multicentre observational study." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 50, no. 6 (June 30, 2021): 467–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2020564.
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Introduction: Despite adhering to criteria for extubation, up to 20% of intensive care patients require re-intubation, even with use of post-extubation high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC). This study aims to identify independent predictors and outcomes of extubation failure in patients who failed postextubation HFNC. Methods: We conducted a multicentre observational study involving 9 adult intensive care units (ICUs) across 5 public hospitals in Singapore. We included patients extubated to HFNC following spontaneous breathing trials. We compared patients who were successfully weaned off HFNC with those who failed HFNC (defined as re-intubation ≤7 days following extubation). Generalised additive logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors for failed HFNC. Results: Among 244 patients (mean age: 63.92±15.51 years, 65.2% male, median APACHE II score 23.55±7.35), 41 (16.8%) failed HFNC; hypoxia, hypercapnia and excessive secretions were primary reasons. Stroke was an independent predictor of HFNC failure (odds ratio 2.48, 95% confidence interval 1.83–3.37). Failed HFNC, as compared to successful HFNC, was associated with increased median ICU length of stay (14 versus 7 days, P<0.001), ICU mortality (14.6% versus 2.0%, P<0.001) and hospital mortality (29.3% versus 12.3%, P=0.006). Conclusion: Post-extubation HFNC failure, especially in patients with stroke as a comorbidity, remains a clinical challenge and predicts poorer clinical outcomes. Our observational study highlights the need for future prospective trials to better identify patients at high risk of post-extubation HFNC failure. Keywords: Adult, airway extubation, high-flow nasal cannula, mechanical ventilation, respiratory failure
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Storgaard, Line Hust, Hans-Ulrich Hockey, and Ulla Møller Weinreich. "Development in PaCO2 over 12 months in patients with COPD with persistent hypercapnic respiratory failure treated with high-flow nasal cannula—post-hoc analysis from a randomised controlled trial." BMJ Open Respiratory Research 7, no. 1 (November 2020): e000712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000712.
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IntroductionPersistent hypercapnic failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with poor prognosis. Long-term home non-invasive ventilation is recommended for patients with PaCO2 >7.0 kPa. Domiciliary high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) reduces PaCO2 in short-term studies. This post-hoc analysis examines the effect of HFNC on PaCO2 levels, exacerbations and admissions in patients with COPD with persistent hypercapnic and hypoxic failures.MethodsThe original trial included 74 long-term oxygen-treated patients (31 HFNC treated/43 controls) with persistent hypercapnic failure (PaCO2 >6 kPa) who completed the 12-month study period. Baseline data included age, sex, blood gases, exacerbations and hospital admissions in the previous year. Data on blood gases were also recorded at 6 and 12 months for all patients. In addition, acute changes in blood gases after 30 min of HFNC use at site visits were examined, as were exacerbations and hospital admissions during study.ResultsPatients were comparable at baseline. After 12 months there was a 1.3% decrease in PaCO2 in patients using HFNC and a 7% increase in controls before HFNC use on site (p=0.003). After 30 min of HFNC at visits PaCO2 changed significantly, with comparable reductions, at 0, 6 and 12 months, including for controls who tried HFNC at study end (p<0.001). The exacerbation rate increased, compared with 12 months prestudy, by 2.2/year for controls (p<0.001) and 0.15/year for HFNC-treated patients (p=0.661). Hospital admission rates increased in the control group,+0.3/year from prestudy (p=0.180), And decreased by 0.67/year (p=0.013)for HFNC-treated patients.ConclusionThis post-hoc analysis indicates that HFNC stabilises patients with COPD with persistent hypoxic and hypercapnic failures, in terms of PaCO2, exacerbations and number of hospitalisations, whereas those not receiving HFNC worsened. This suggests that HFNC is a possible treatment for patients with persistent hypercapnic COPD.
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Liu, Jian, Peipei Wang, Luyun Zou, Jing Qu, Silvio Litovsky, Patrick Umeda, Lufang Zhou, et al. "High-fat, low-carbohydrate diet promotes arrhythmic death and increases myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 307, no. 4 (August 15, 2014): H598—H608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00058.2014.
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High-fat, low-carbohydrate diets (HFLCD) are often eaten by humans for a variety of reasons, but the effects of such diets on the heart are incompletely understood. We evaluated the impact of HFLCD on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) using an in vivo model of left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. Sprague-Dawley rats (300 g) were fed HFLCD (60% calories fat, 30% protein, 10% carbohydrate) or control (CONT; 16% fat, 19% protein, 65% carbohydrate) diet for 2 wk and then underwent open chest I/R. At baseline (preischemia), diet did not affect left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function. Oil red O staining revealed presence of lipid in the heart with HFLCD but not in CONT. Following I/R, recovery of LV function was decreased in HFLCD. HFLCD hearts exhibited decreased ATP synthase and increased uncoupling protein-3 gene and protein expression. HFLCD downregulated mitochondrial fusion proteins and upregulated fission proteins and store-operated Ca2+ channel proteins. HFLCD led to increased death during I/R; 6 of 22 CONT rats and 16 of 26 HFLCD rats died due to ventricular arrhythmias and hemodynamic shock. In surviving rats, HFLCD led to larger infarct size. We concluded that in vivo HFLCD does not affect nonischemic LV function but leads to greater myocardial injury during I/R, with increased risk of death by pump failure and ventricular arrhythmias, which might be associated with altered cardiac energetics, mitochondrial fission/fusion dynamics, and store-operated Ca2+ channel expression.
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D’Alessandro, Michelle, Thuva Vanniyasingam, Ashaka Patel, Ronish Gupta, Lucy Giglia, Giuliana Federici, and Gita Wahi. "6 Factors associated with treatment failure of high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) among children with bronchiolitis: a single centre retrospective study." Paediatrics & Child Health 25, Supplement_2 (August 2020): e2-e3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxaa068.005.
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Abstract Background Bronchiolitis is the most common viral lower respiratory tract infection in children under two years of age and is the leading cause of hospital admission for children under the age of one year. Respiratory support for bronchiolitis with high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is increasingly being used outside of critical care areas and in community hospitals. It is important to understand the patient factors associated with HFNC treatment failure in order to identify which patients are at higher risk for requiring escalation of respiratory support and transfer to a pediatric critical care centre. Objectives The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the patient characteristics that are associated with HFNC treatment failure in bronchiolitis. Design/Methods We completed a retrospective review of patients under 24 months of age with a clinical diagnosis of bronchiolitis admitted to a single tertiary level children’s hospital for supportive management with HFNC between January 2014 and December 2018. Patients who were mechanically ventilated or on non-invasive positive pressure ventilation prior to the initiation of HFNC during their hospital stay were excluded. HFNC treatment failure was the primary endpoint of the study, with treatment failure defined as escalation to non-invasive positive pressure or invasive mechanical ventilation. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify the patient demographic, clinical, and biochemical parameters associated with HFNC failure. Results Four hundred and thirty-five patient charts were identified, of which 208 patients met inclusion criteria for the study. Of these patients, 61 (29%) were classified as HFNC treatment failures. The likelihood of failing HFNC support was reduced with older age (OR 0.89; 95% CI 0.81, 0.97; p= 0.011) and greater time spent on HFNC (OR 0.94; 95% CI 0.92, 0.96; p<0.001). Patients with a Modified Tal score greater than 5 at 4 hours of HFNC treatment had a greater likelihood of failing HFNC support (OR 2.81; 95% CI 1.04, 7.64; p= 0.042). Conclusion This was the first study to examine predictors of HFNC failure among Canadian children with bronchiolitis. We found that patient age, time spent on HFNC, and severity of bronchiolitis as defined using a Modified Tal score were associated with HFNC failure. These patient factors should be considered when initiating HFNC for bronchiolitis, and may identify patients at risk for escalation of respiratory support, warranting earlier referral to pediatric critical care centres.
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Kunkely, Horst, and Arnd Vogler. "Photodisproportionation of (1,5-Cyclooctadiene) copper(I) Hexafluoroacetylacetonate Induced by Metal-to-Ligand Charge Transfer Excitation." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 58, no. 7 (July 1, 2003): 704–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2003-0717.
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The complex CuI(COD)(hfac) with COD = 1,5- cyclooctadiene and hfac = hexafluoroacetyl-acetonate shows two long-wavelength absorptions at λmax = 308 and 241 nm which are assigned to hfac intraligand (IL) and CuI →COD metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transitions, respectively. The photolysis of CuI(COD)(hfac) in hexane leads to the release of the olefin and the subsequent disproportionation of CuI(hfac) to elemental copper and CuII(hfac)2 with the quantum yields Φ = 10−3 at λirr =313 nm and Φ = 3×10−3 at λirr = 254 nm. It is suggested that the reactive excited state is of the MLCT type.
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Heijboer, Frank, Laurien Oswald, Sander Cretier, and Gert-Jan Braunstahl. "Pneumomediastinum in a patient with COVID-19 due to diffuse alveolar damage." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 5 (May 2021): e242527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2021-242527.
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A 74-year-old man with COVID-19 was admitted and experienced progressive dyspnoea while receiving supplemental oxygen via high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC). A CT of the thorax showed a pneumomediastinum. The HFNC was temporally interrupted, since it was uncertain whether the positive end-expiratory pressure of the HFNC could be the cause of the pneumomediastinum. After restart of the HFNC, there was no increase of symptoms. We suggest that the pneumomediastinum was the result of COVID-19-related alveolar damage, and not due to the use of HFNC. This observation is relevant since HFNC is often used in the treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia.
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Kamada, Yoshihiro, Shinichi Kiso, Yuichi Yoshida, Norihiro Chatani, Takashi Kizu, Mina Hamano, Mayumi Tsubakio, et al. "Estrogen deficiency worsens steatohepatitis in mice fed high-fat and high-cholesterol diet." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 301, no. 6 (December 2011): G1031—G1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00211.2011.
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Recent studies indicate an accelerated progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in postmenopausal women. Hypercholesterolemia, an important risk factor for NASH progression, is often observed after menopause. This study examined the effects of estrogen on NASH in ovariectomized (OVX) mice fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet. To investigate the effects of estrogen deficiency, OVX mice and sham-operated (SO) mice were fed normal chow or HFHC diet for 6 wk. Next, to investigate the effects of exogenous estrogen replenishment, OVX mice fed with HFHC diet were treated with implanted hormone release pellets (containing 17β-estradiol or placebo vehicle) for 6 wk. OVX mice on the HFHC diet showed enhanced liver injury with increased liver macrophage infiltration and elevated serum cholesterol levels compared with SO-HFHC mice. Hepatocyte monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1) protein expression in OVX-HFHC mice was also enhanced compared with SO-HFHC mice. In addition, hepatic inflammatory gene expressions, including monocytes chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 (CCR2), were significantly elevated in OVX-HFHC mice. Estrogen treatment improved serum cholesterol levels, liver injury, macrophage infiltration, and inflammatory gene expressions in OVX-HFHC mice. Moreover, the elevated expression of liver CCR2 and MCP1 were decreased by estrogen treatment in OVX-HFHC mice, whereas low-density lipoprotein dose dependently enhanced CCR2 expression in THP1 monocytes. Our study demonstrated that estrogen deficiency accelerated NASH progression in OVX mice fed HFHC diet and that this effect was improved by estrogen therapy. Hypercholesterolemia in postmenopausal women would be a potential risk factor for NASH progression.
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Chang, Gordon Y., Cynthia A. Cox, and Thomas H. Shaffer. "Nasal Cannula, CPAP, and High-Flow Nasal Cannula: Effect of Flow on Temperature, Humidity, Pressure, and Resistance." Biomedical Instrumentation & Technology 45, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2345/0899-8205-45.1.69.
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Abstract Background: Delivery of warm, humidified, supplemental oxygen via high-flow nasal cannula has several potential benefits; however, the high-flow range may not maintain humidification and temperature and in some cases may cause excessive expiratory pressure loading. Objective: To compare the effect of flow on temperature, humidity, pressure, and resistance in nasal cannula (NC), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in a clinical setting. Methods: The three delivery systems were tested in the nursery using each instrument's recommended specifications and flow ranges (0–3 L/min and 0–8 L/min). Flow, pressure, temperature, and humidity were measured, and resistance was calculated. Results: For all devices at 0–3 L/min, there was a difference (p<0.01) in temperature (NC 35.9°C > CPAP 34.5°C > HFNC 34.0°C), humidity (HFNC 82% > CPAP 77% > NC 57%), pressure (HFNC 22 cmH2O > NC 4 cmH2O > CPAP 3 cmH2O), and resistance (HFNC 636 cmH2O/L/sec > NC 270 cmH2O/L/sec > CPAP 93 cmH2O/L/sec) as a function of flow. For HFNC and CPAP at 0–8 L/min, there was a difference (p<0.01) in temperature (CPAP 34.5°C > HFNC 34.0°C) in humidity (HFNC 83 % > CPAP 76 %), pressure (HFNC 56 cmH2O > CPAP 14 cmH2O) and resistance (HFNC 783 cmH2O/L/sec > CPAP 280 cmH2O/L/sec) as a function of flow. Conclusions: Gas delivered by HFNC was more humid than NC and CPAP. However, the higher pressure and resistance delivered by the HFNC system may have clinical relevance, such as increased work of breathing, and warrants further in vivo studies.
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Andino, Ricardo, Gema Vega, Sandra Karina Pacheco, Nuria Arevalillo, Ana Leal, Laura Fernández, and María Jesús Rodriguez. "High-flow nasal oxygen reduces endotracheal intubation: a randomized clinical trial." Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease 14 (January 2020): 175346662095645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753466620956459.
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Background: The benefits of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) as primary intervention in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) are still a matter in debate. Our objective was to compare HFNC therapy versus conventional oxygen therapy (COT) in the prevention of endotracheal intubation in this group of patients. Methods: An open-label, controlled and single-centre clinical trial was conducted in patients with severe AHRF, defined by a PaO2/FIO2 ratio ⩽200, to compare HFNC with a control group (CG) treated by COT delivered through a face mask, with the need to perform intubation as the primary outcome. The secondary outcomes included tolerance of the HFNC device and to look for the predictive factors for intubation in these patients. Results: A total of 46 patients were included (22 in the COT group and 24 in the HFNC group) 48% of whom needed intubation: 63% in the COT group and 33% in the HFNC group, with significant differences both in intention to treat [χ2 = 4.2; p = 0.04, relative risk (RR) = 0.5; confidence interval (CI) 95%: 0.3–1.0] and also in treatment analysis (χ2 = 4.7; p = 0.03; RR = 0.5; IC 95%: 0.3–0.9) We obtained a number needed to treat (NNT) = 3 patients treated to avoid an intubation. Intubation occurred significantly later in the HFNC group. Estimated PaO2/FIO2, respiratory rate and dyspnea were significantly better in the HFNC group. Patients treated with HFNC who required intubation presented significant worsening after the first 8 h, as compared with non-intubated HFNC group patients. Mortality was 22% with no differences. The HFNC group patients were hospitalized for almost half of the time in the intensive care unit (ICU) and in the ward, with significantly less hospital length of stay. A total of 14 patients in the HFNC group (58%) complained of excessive heat and 17% of noise; 3 patients did not tolerate HFNC. Conclusion: Patients with severe acute hypoxemic respiratory failure who tolerate HFNC present a significantly lower need for endotracheal intubation compared with conventional oxygen therapy. Clinical Trial Register EUDRA CT number: 2012-001671-36 The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
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Dosman, Cara F., Peter C. Zuberbuhler, Joan I. Tabk, and Richard L. Jones. "Effects of Positive End-Expiratory Pressure on Oscillated Volume during High-Frequency Chest Compression in Children with Cystic Fibrosis." Canadian Respiratory Journal 10, no. 2 (2003): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2003/792917.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) and mean oscillated volume (Vosc) during high frequency chest compression (HFCC).DESIGN: A clinic-based prospective intervention study.SETTING: Pulmonary function laboratory, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta.POPULATION: Nine children with cystic fibrosis with little or no obstructive airway disease who were selected from the outpatient Cystic Fibrosis and Pediatric Pulmonary Clinics at the University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta.METHODS: Each child received HFCC alone (at 10 Hz with chest wall pressure of 8 cm H2O) and HFCC plus PEEP. A closed circuit spirometry system was used to measure HFCC- and PEEP-induced changes in EELV, expressed as per cent baseline functional residual capacity (FRC) measured using helium dilution. An isothermic chamber permitted measurement of Vosc.RESULTS: HFCC caused a significant 9% decrease in EELV. Adding 2.0±0.3 cm H2O of PEEP increased EELV back to at least the FRC level. With HFCC alone, Voscwas significantly lower during spontaneous expiration than during spontaneous inspiration, but adding PEEP to HFCC increased Vosc, especially during spontaneous expiration.CONCLUSIONS: Adding PEEP during HFCC prevents the decrease in EELV and increases Vosc. Therefore, PEEP may improve HFCC-induced mucus clearance in children with cystic fibrosis.
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Lee, Young Seok, Sung Won Chang, Jae Kyeom Sim, Sua Kim, and Je Hyeong Kim. "An Integrated Model including the ROX Index to Predict the Success of High-Flow Nasal Cannula Use after Planned Extubation: A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 16 (August 10, 2021): 3513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10163513.
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High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy is commonly used to prevent reintubation after planned extubation. In clinical practice, there are no appropriate tools to evaluate whether HFNC therapy was successful or failed after planned extubation. In this retrospective observational study, we investigated whether the use of the ROX index was appropriate to differentiate between HFNC success and failure within 72 h after extubation and to develop an integrated model including the ROX index to improve the prediction of HFNC success in patients receiving HFNC therapy after planned extubation. Of 276 patients, 50 patients (18.1%) were reintubated within 72 h of extubation. ROX index values of >8.7 at 2 h, >8.7 at 6 h, and >10.4 at 12 h after HFNC therapy were all meaningful predictors of HFNC success in extubated patients. In addition, the integrated model including the ROX index had a better predictive capability for HFNC success than the ROX index alone. In conclusion, the ROX index at 2, 6, and 12 h could be applied to extubated patients to predict HFNC success after planned extubation. To improve its predictive power, we should also consider an integrated model consisting of the ROX index, sex, body mass index, and the total duration of ventilator care.
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Yao, Wenjin, Weiwei Sun, Ze Shi, Bingcheng Chen, Le Chen, and Jun Feng. "Blast-Resistant Performance of Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (HFRC) Panels Subjected to Contact Detonation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (December 28, 2019): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010241.
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This paper experimentally investigates the blast-resistant characteristics of hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete (HFRC) panels by contact detonation tests. The control specimen of plain concrete, polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and steel fiber-reinforced concrete were prepared and tested for characterization in contrast with PP-Steel HFRC and PVA-Steel HFRC. The sequent contact detonation tests were conducted with panel damage recorded and measured. Damaged HFRC panels were further comparatively analyzed whereby the blast-resistance performance was quantitively assessed via damage coefficient and blast-resistant coefficient. For both PP-Steel and PVA-Steel HFRC, the best blast-resistant performance was achieved at around 1.5% steel + 0.5% PP-fiber hybrid. Finally, the fiber-hybrid effect index was introduced to evaluate the hybrid effect on the explosion-resistance performance of HFRC panels. It revealed that neither PP-fiber or PVA-fiber provide positive hybrid effect on blast-resistant improvement of HFRC panels.
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Freese, Eric C., Nicholas H. Gist, Rachelle M. Acitelli, Whitni J. McConnell, Catherine D. Beck, Dorothy B. Hausman, Jonathan R. Murrow, Kirk J. Cureton, and Ellen M. Evans. "Acute and chronic effects of sprint interval exercise on postprandial lipemia in women at-risk for the metabolic syndrome." Journal of Applied Physiology 118, no. 7 (April 1, 2015): 872–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00380.2014.
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Individuals diagnosed with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) exhibit elevated postprandial lipemia (PPL). The aims of this investigation were to determine 1) if an acute bout of sprint interval training (SIT) attenuates PPL; and 2) if the attenuation of PPL following 6 wk of SIT is magnified compared with a single session of SIT prior to training in women at-risk for MetS ( n = 45; 30–65 yr). Women were randomized to SIT ( n = 22) or a nonexercise control ( n = 23; CON) for 6 wk. Postprandial responses to a high-fat meal challenge (HFMC) were assessed in the CON group before (B-HFMC) and after (Post-HFMC) without prior exercise and in the SIT group at baseline (B-HFMC) without prior exercise, after an acute bout of SIT (four 30-s all-out sprints with 4-min recovery) prior to (Pre-HFMC), and after the 6-wk intervention (Post-HFMC). Responses to the HFMC were assessed by collecting venous blood samples in the fasted state and at 0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 min postprandial. Compared with baseline, an acute bout of SIT before (Pre-HFMC) and after the 6-wk intervention (Post-HFMC) significantly attenuated fasted TG ( P < 0.05; 16.6% and 12.3%, respectively) and postprandial area under the curve (13.1% and 9.7%, respectively; tAUC) TG responses. There was no difference in fasted or tAUC TG responses between Pre-HFMC and Post-HFMC. SIT is an effective mode of exercise to reduce fasted and postprandial TG concentrations in women at-risk for MetS. Six weeks of SIT does not magnify the attenuation of PPL in response to a single session of SIT.
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Yuan, Zheng, Neil H. Dryden, Jagadese J. Vittal, and Richard J. Puddephatt. "A binuclear bis{bis(dimethylphosphino)methane}disilver(I) complex with weakly bonded hexafluoroacetylacetonato ligands." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 72, no. 7 (July 1, 1994): 1605–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v94-200.
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The new complex [Ag2(hfac)2(μ-dmpm)2] (hfac = hexafluoroacetylacetonato, dmpm = Me2PCH2PMe2) has been prepared and characterized both spectroscopically and by an X-ray structure determination (orthorhombic, Pbca (No. 61), a = 9.960(2), b = 14.694(3), c = 22.548(3) Å, Z = 4, R = 0.0495, Rw = 0.0532). The data indicate that the hfac− ligands have mostly ionic character and it is suggested that this may be responsible for the low volatility of complexes [Ag(hfac)Ln] compared to [Cu(hfac)Ln]; these complexes are of interest as precursors for chemical vapour deposition of silver.
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Sanuki, Takuro, Gaku Mishima, Kensuke Kiriishi, Shinji Kurata, Ichiro Okaysu, Mari Kawai, Toshihiro Watanabe, Mizuki Tachi, Nobuyasu Komasawa, and Takao Ayuse. "Nitrous Oxide Inhalation Sedation Through a Nasal High-Flow System: The Possibility of a New Technique in Dental Sedation." Anesthesia Progress 64, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 175–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2344/anpr-64-04-06.
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High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) systems are increasingly used for patients with both acute and chronic respiratory failure because of the clinical effectiveness and patient comfort associated with their use. Recently, HFNC has been used not only as a respiratory support device, but also as a drug delivery system. HFNC is designed to administer heated and humidified inspiratory oxygen flows (100% relative humidity at 37°C). Therefore, HFNC can provide high flows (up to 60 L/min) without discomfort. Moreover, HFNC improves oxygenation by exerting physiologic effects such as (a) dead-space washout and (b) moderate positive airway pressure. These characteristics and physiologic effects of HFNC may permit administration of high-flow nitrous oxide sedation while ensuring patient comfort and adequate sedative effect.
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Pawlowski, Valeri, Andreas Strasser, and Arnd Vogler. "Synthesis, Electronic Spectra and Solvent-Induced Reversible Dissociation of Diphosphine(hexafluoroacetylacetonato)copper(I) Complexes." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 58, no. 10 (October 1, 2003): 950–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2003-1003.
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The complexes CuI(P-P)(hfac) with P-P = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (diphos), 1,3-bis-(diphenylphosphino)propane (prophos), 2,2’-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1’-binaphthyl (binap) and hfac = hexafluoroacetylacetonate were synthesized and spectroscopically characterized. In the solid state or in solutions of non-polar solvents these compounds are yellow owing to a long-wavelength (hfac− →P-P) ligand-to-ligand charge transfer absorption. In coordinating solvents such as CH3CN the complexes undergo a reversible dissociation according to the equation: Cu(P-P)(hfac) + n CH3CN ⇌ [Cu(P-P)(CH3CN)n]+hfac−.While the complexes are not luminescent the ion pairs [Cu(P-P)(CH3CN)n]+hfac− are emissive at 77 K. The cations and the anions show separate emissions as indicated by the excitation spectra.
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Dosman, Cara F., and Richard L. Jones. "High-Frequency Chest Compression: A Summary of the Literature." Canadian Respiratory Journal 12, no. 1 (2005): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2005/525813.
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The purpose of the present literature summary is to describe high-frequency chest compression (HFCC), summarize its history and outline study results on its effect on mucolysis, mucus transport, pulmonary function and quality of life. HFCC is a mechanical method of self-administered chest physiotherapy, which induces rapid air movement in and out of the lungs. This mean oscillated volume is an effective method of mucolysis and mucus clearance. HFCC can increase independence. Some studies have shown that HFCC leads to more mucus clearance and better lung function compared with conventional chest physiotherapy. However, HFCC also decreases end-expiratory lung volume, which can lead to increased airway resistance and a decreased oscillated volume. Adding positive end-expiratory pressure to HFCC has been shown to prevent this decrease in end-expiratory lung volume and to increase the oscillated volume. It is possible that the HFCC-induced decrease in end-expiratory lung volume may result in more mucus clearance in airways that remain open by reducing airway size. Adjunctive methods, such as positive end-expiratory pressure, may not always be needed to make HFCC more effective.
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ter Wee, René D., and Bernardus J. Thio. "The Effect of High Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy in Exercised-Induced Asthma of Children." Journal of Respiration 1, no. 3 (July 20, 2021): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jor1030018.
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High flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy is a non-invasive oxygen delivery mode which is safe and well tolerated by adults and children with respiratory distress. HFNC is increasingly used in children with respiratory distress due to mucus retention, such as bronchiolitis and acute asthma. However, he effectiveness of this therapy in acute asthma has not been well researched. To evaluate HFNC for acute childhood asthma, we designed a randomized prospective crossover trial. In the trial, children aged 6–18 years, with a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) lability of ≥30% during an exercise challenge test (ECT) are included. The time of fully recovered lung function within 10% of the baseline after peak fall of FEV1 is compared with and without HFNC therapy. A 50% reduction of recovery time during HFNC therapy compared to recovery time without HFNC is considered clinically relevant, with a power of 80% and a significance level of 5%. Secondly, the pressure used by the HFNC device to deliver the constant present flow is evaluated. A relationship between the measured pressure and the degree of recovery may reveal a working mechanism behind HFNC.
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Dafydd, Carwyn, Benjamin J. Saunders, Sarah J. Kotecha, and Martin O. Edwards. "Efficacy and safety of high flow nasal oxygen for children with bronchiolitis: systematic review and meta-analysis." BMJ Open Respiratory Research 8, no. 1 (July 2021): e000844. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000844.
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BackgroundTo assess the published evidence to establish the efficacy and safety of high flow oxygen cannula (HFNC) as respiratory support for children up to 24 months of age with bronchiolitis within acute hospital settings.MethodsWe searched eight databases up to March 2021. Studies including children up to 24 months of age with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis recruited to an randomised controlled trial were considered in the full meta-analysis. At least one arm of the study must include HFNC as respiratory support and report at least one of the outcomes of interest. Studies were identified and extracted by two reviewers. Data were analysed using Review Manager V.5.4.ResultsFrom 2943 article titles, 308 full articles were screened for inclusion. 23 studies met the inclusion criteria, 15 were included in the metanalyses. Four studies reported on treatment failure rates when comparing HFNC to standard oxygen therapy (SOT). Data suggests HFNC is superior to SOT (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.57). Four studies reported on treatment failure rates when comparing HFNC to continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP). No significant difference was found between CPAP and HFNC (OR 1.64, 95% CI 0.96 to 2.79; p=0.07). Four studies report on adverse outcomes when comparing HFNC to SOT. No significant difference was found between HFNC & SOT (OR 1.47, 95% CI 0.54 to 3.99).ConclusionHFNC is superior to SOT in terms of treatment failure and there is no significant difference between HFNC and CPAP in terms of treatment failure. The results suggest HFNC is safe to use in acute hospital settings.
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Kim, Eunhye, Kyeongman Jeon, Dong Kyu Oh, Young-Jae Cho, Sang-Bum Hong, Yeon Joo Lee, Sang-Min Lee, et al. "Failure of High-Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy in Pneumonia and Non-Pneumonia Sepsis Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 16 (August 15, 2021): 3587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10163587.
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Despite the increasing use of high-flow nasal cannulas (HFNCs) to treat critically ill patients, data on their effectiveness for sepsis patients remains very limited. We studied a prospective cohort of sepsis patients from the Korean Sepsis Registry (18 intensive care units (ICUs)). Patients started on HFNC therapy for hypoxemia within the first three ICU days were enrolled. HFNC failure was defined as intubation or ICU death, and the primary outcome was early HFNC failure occurring within 72 h of HFNC initiation. Of 901 patients with sepsis admitted to the ICU, 206 who received HFNC therapy were finally included (117 with pneumonia vs. 89 with non-pneumonia sepsis; median age, 71.0 (63.0–78.0) years; PaO2/FiO2 ratio, 160.2 (107.9–228.2) mm Hg; septic shock, n = 81 (39.3%)). During HFNC therapy, 72 (35.0%) patients were intubated and 51 (24.8%) died. HFNC failure developed in 95 (46.1%) patients, and among them, early failure rate was 85.3% (81/95). On multivariate analysis, an immunocompromised state (odds ratio (OR) = 2.730), use of a combination of antibiotics (OR = 0.219), and the PaO2/FiO2 ratio (OR = 0.308) were significantly associated with early HFNC failure in pneumonia sepsis patients. However, in non-pneumonia sepsis patients, lactate levels (OR = 1.532) were significantly associated with early HFNC failure. In conclusion, a high proportion of sepsis patients experience HFNC failure, usually within 72 h after therapy initiation, which emphasizes the importance of close monitoring. Furthermore, unlike in pneumonia sepsis, organ failure (i.e., lactate) might serve as a prognostic marker in non-pneumonia sepsis (i.e., type IV respiratory failure).
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Garland, Hilarie. "Impact of high flow nasal cannula implementation on the rate of intubation for bronchiolitis in Canada." Paediatrics & Child Health 23, suppl_1 (May 18, 2018): e32-e32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxy054.082.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Bronchiolitis affects more than one-third of children less than two years of age and is the most common reason for admission to hospital in the first year of life. Hospitalization rates have been on the rise, leading to an increase in healthcare expense, morbidity and impact on families. Bronchiolitis can have a heavy burden on health care resources including intubation and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admissions. Non-invasive respiratory support with high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is being used more routinely in paediatric centers, though evidence of efficacy in bronchiolitis is insufficient to date. We examined the impact that implementation of HFNC has had on intubation rate and ICU admissions for patients with bronchiolitis in Paediatric centres in Canada. OBJECTIVES Our primary objective was to determine the impact of HFNC on intubation rate in Canada for paediatric patients with bronchiolitis. Our secondary objectives were to determine the impact of HFNC on ICU admission rate, ICU length of stay (LOS) and total hospital LOS. DESIGN/METHODS We conducted a multicentre, interrupted time series analysis to examine intubation rates pre- to post-implementation of HFNC for children less than 2 years with bronchiolitis. Data were obtained from the CIHI database using the Canadian Coding Standards. Paediatric tertiary centres that introduced HFNC between 2009–2014 were included, and data were collected from January 2005 to December 2016. RESULTS A total of 17,643 patients met inclusion criteria; 5,862 were before and 11,791 after implementation of HFNC. Comparing the two groups, there was no significant change in the rate of intubation after HFNC was introduced. There was also no significant change in the trend of average LOS in hospital between the two groups. There was a significant increase in ICU admission rates after the introduction of HFNC. Prior to HFNC implementation, there was an increase in average ICU LOS, with a decrease in the overall trend following the introduction of HFNC. CONCLUSION Initiating HFNC in Canadian paediatric centres resulted in no significant change in intubation rates or total LOS in hospital, but was associated with an increase in ICU admissions and a decrease in ICU LOS. Though HFNC does not prevent intubations, it may improve clinical severity with shorter time in ICU needed. Adopting use of HFNC on the ward in the tertiary care setting may help to address increasing ICU admission rates with associated healthcare expenses.
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Kuwata, Seiko, Clara Kurishima, Jeonghye Kim, Yoichi Iwamoto, Hirofumi Saiki, Hirotaka Ishido, Satoshi Masutani, and Hideaki Senzaki. "Clinical Evaluation of the Hemodynamic Effects of the High-Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy on the Fontan Circulation." Clinical Medicine Insights: Cardiology 9 (January 2015): CMC.S26137. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cmc.s26137.
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High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy supports respiratory effort with a minimal elevation in airway pressure. We examined hemodynamic effects of HFNC therapy in a 10-year-old girl with Fontan circulation, in which positive airway pressure has deleterious hemodynamic effects. The HFNC therapy at 30 L/min improved oxygenation without an increase in central venous pressure. It also reduced heart rate, and systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance, and increased cardiac output. In addition, the HFNC therapy improved the cerebral circulation measured by near-infrared spectroscopy. Thus, HFNC therapy may be a potentially useful noninvasive ventilation modality, particularly for patients with Fontan circulation.
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Lee, Patrick, and Steven Salhanick. "Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Effectively Treated with High-flow Nasal Cannula." Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine 4, no. 1 (November 19, 2019): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5811/cpcem.2019.9.43618.
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Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is typically treated by administration of oxygen via non-rebreather mask (NRB). High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is an alternative to NRB in a variety of disease states. We report a case of the novel use of HFNC in the treatment of acute CO poisoning. A 29-year-old man presented with a carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) level of 29.8%. He was treated with HFNC, and COHb levels declined to 5.4% in 230 minutes. Given several theoretical advantages of HFNC relative to NRB, HFNC is a potential option for use in the treatment of CO poisoning.
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Zhuang, Zhen-Jie, Chao-Wen Shan, Bo Li, Min-Xia Pang, Han Wang, Yan Luo, Yin-lan Liu, et al. "Linarin Enriched Extract Attenuates Liver Injury and Inflammation Induced by High-Fat High-Cholesterol Diet in Rats." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4701570.
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The aim of this study was to explore the potential beneficial effects of linarin enriched Flos Chrysanthemi extract (Lin-extract) on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) induced by high-fat high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet in rats. SD rats received normal diet, HFHC diet, or HFHC diet plus different doses of Lin-extract. The liver content of triglyceride and total cholesterol markedly increased in HFHC diet-fed model rats while middle and high dose of Lin-extract lowered liver cholesterol significantly. The expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD1) was upregulated by HFHC diet and further elevated by high dose Lin-extract. High dose of Lin-extract also markedly lowered the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and inhibited the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) induced by HFHC in livers. The HFHC-increased mRNA levels of hepatic inflammation cytokines, including monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1), were suppressed by Lin-extract dose-dependently. Furthermore, pathology evaluation showed that high dose Lin-extract greatly improved lobular inflammation. Our results suggest that Lin-extract could attenuate liver injury and inflammation induced by HFHC diet in rats. Its modulatory effect on lipid metabolism may partially contribute to this protective effect.
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Schwandt, W. Franklin, Toby J. Woods, and Gregory S. Girolami. "Crystal structure of tetrakis(1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetonato)hafnium(IV)." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 74, no. 8 (July 31, 2018): 1182–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989018010514.
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The crystal structure of the title compound, [Hf(C5HF6O2)4], has been determined. The asymmetric unit contains two Hf(hfac)4 molecules (hfac = 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetonate); both are located on general positions and have identical structures apart from the disorder involving three CF3 groups in one of the two molecules. The molecules of Hf(hfac)4 are arranged in layers that are parallel to the ab plane, and the coordination geometry of each hafnium(IV) center is a distorted square antiprism. An interesting aspect of the structure is that the hfac ligands are arranged so that the Hf(hfac)4 molecules have idealized 2 point symmetry, in which two of the hfac groups bridge between the two squares. Although all other M(β-diketonate)4 compounds of Hf (and Zr) also have square-antiprismatic geometries; in almost all of them the ligands are arranged so that the molecules have 222 point symmetry (in which none of the hfac ligands bridges between the two squares). The factors that favor one structure over another are not clear.
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Cheng, Chang, Wang, Hsiao, Lai, and Chao. "The Impact of High-Flow Nasal Cannula on the Outcome of Immunocompromised Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Medicina 55, no. 10 (October 16, 2019): 693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina55100693.
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Background and objectives: High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) can be used as a respiratory support strategy for patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF). However, no clear evidence exists to support or oppose HFNC use in immunocompromised patients. Thus, this meta-analysis aims to assess the effects of HFNC, compared to conventional oxygen therapy (COT) and noninvasive ventilation (NIV), on the outcomes in immunocompromised patients with ARF. The Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched up to November 2018. Materials and Methods: Only clinical studies comparing the effect of HFNC with COT or NIV for immunocompromised patients with ARF were included. The outcome included the rate of intubation, mortality and length of stay (LOS). Results: A total of eight studies involving 1433 immunocompromised patients with ARF were enrolled. The pooled analysis showed that HFNC was significantly associated with a reduced intubation rate (risk ratio (RR), 0.83; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.74–0.94, I2 = 0%). Among subgroup analysis, HFNC was associated with a lower intubation rate than COT (RR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.75–0.95, I2 = 0%) and NIV (RR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.40–0.86, I2 = 0%), respectively. However, there was no significant difference between HFNC and control groups in terms of 28-day mortality (RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.58–1.04, I2 = 48%), and intensive care unit (ICU) mortality (RR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.73–1.05, I2 = 57%). The ICU and hospital LOS were similar between HFNC and control groups (ICU LOS: mean difference, 0.49 days; 95% CI, −0.25–1.23, I2 = 69%; hospital LOS: mean difference, −0.12 days; 95% CI, −1.86–1.61, I2 = 64%). Conclusions: Use of HFNC may decrease the intubation rate in immunocompromised patients with ARF compared with the control group, including COT and NIV. However, HFNC could not provide additional survival benefit or shorten the LOS. Further large, randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings.
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Ko, Ryoung-Eun, Chul Park, Jimyoung Nam, Myeong Gyun Ko, Soo Jin Na, Joong Hyun Ahn, Keumhee C. Carriere, and Kyeongman Jeon. "Effect of post-extubation high-flow nasal cannula on reintubation in elderly patients: a retrospective propensity score-matched cohort study." Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease 14 (January 2020): 175346662096849. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753466620968497.
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Background: Studies of mechanically ventilated patients with a low risk of reintubation have suggested that the use of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy reduces the risk of reintubation compared with conventional oxygen therapy (COT). However, the effect of HFNC following extubation in elderly patients with a high risk of reintubation remains unclear. Methods: All consecutive medical intensive care unit (ICU) patients aged >65 years who were mechanically ventilated for >24 h were prospectively registered between July 2017 and June 2018. Control was obtained from a historical database of patients attending the same ICU from January 2012 to December 2013. A total of 152 patients who underwent HFNC after planned extubation according to institutional protocols (HFNC group) were compared with a propensity-matched historical control group who underwent COT ( n = 175, COT group). The primary outcome was the proportion of reintubated patients within 48 h after planned extubation. Results: One hundred patients from the HFNC group and 129 patients from the COT group were matched by a propensity score that reflected the probability of receiving HFNC, and all variables were well matched. Post-extubation respiratory failure (41.0% versus 33.3%, p = 0.291) and reintubation rate within 48 h (16.0% versus 11.6%, p = 0.436) did not differ between the HFNC and COT groups. However, decreased levels of consciousness as a sign of post-extubation respiratory failure (27.0% versus 11.7%, p = 0.007) were significantly increased in the HFNC group compared with the COT group. Conclusion: Among elderly patients who underwent planned extubation, HFNC was not associated with a decrease in the risk of reintubation. Further prospective study evaluating the clinical benefits of post-extubation HFNC in elderly patients is needed. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
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Dey, Sandip, Chiranjit Biswas, and Jayati Sengupta. "The universally conserved GTPase HflX is an RNA helicase that restores heat-damaged Escherichia coli ribosomes." Journal of Cell Biology 217, no. 7 (June 21, 2018): 2519–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201711131.
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The ribosome-associated GTPase HflX acts as an antiassociation factor upon binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit during heat stress in Escherichia coli. Although HflX is recognized as a guanosine triphosphatase, several studies have shown that the N-terminal domain 1 of HflX is capable of hydrolyzing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), but the functional role of its adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity remains unknown. We demonstrate that E. coli HflX possesses ATP-dependent RNA helicase activity and is capable of unwinding large subunit ribosomal RNA. A cryo–electron microscopy structure of the 50S–HflX complex in the presence of nonhydrolyzable analogues of ATP and guanosine triphosphate hints at a mode of action for the RNA helicase and suggests the linker helical domain may have a determinant role in RNA unwinding. Heat stress results in inactivation of the ribosome, and we show that HflX can restore heat-damaged ribosomes and improve cell survival.
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Liu, Huifei, William R. Sukov, and Jae Y. Ro. "The t(1;10)(p22;q24) TGFBR3/MGEA5 Translocation in Pleomorphic Hyalinizing Angiectatic Tumor, Myxoinflammatory Fibroblastic Sarcoma, and Hemosiderotic Fibrolipomatous Tumor." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 143, no. 2 (July 6, 2018): 212–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2017-0412-ra.
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Context.— Pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor (PHAT) of soft parts, hemosiderotic fibrolipomatous tumor (HFLT), and myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma (MIFS) are 3 distinct entities of low-grade spindle cell mesenchymal neoplasm. These tumors have similar clinical presentations and partially overlapping but distinctive pathologic features. A recurrent translocation, t(1;10)(p22;q24), has been detected in a subset of PHAT, HFLT, MIFS, and HFLT/MIFS hybrid cases. Translocation t(1;10)(p22;q24) involves transforming growth factor β-receptor 3 (TGFBR3) and meningioma-expressed antigen 5 (MGEA5) genes on chromosomes 1p22 and 10q24, respectively. However, the percentage of translocation in PHAT, HFLT, and MIFS varies significantly among different studies. The relationship among these tumors has been a controversial topic among experts. Objective.— To discuss the diagnostic and functional significance of translocation t(1;10)(p22;q24) TGFBR3/MGEA5 rearrangement in HFLT, PHAT, and MIFS. Data Sources.— PubMed was used for this study. Conclusions.— Diagnosis of HFLT, PHAT, and MIFS is challenging because of a lack of unique morphologic, immunophenotypic, molecular, and cytogenetic markers. The recurrent t(1;10)(p22;q24) translocation and/or TGFBR3/MGEA5 rearrangement was reported in 55 patients, with a relatively even distribution among HFLT, PHAT, and MIFS (17 HFLT, 15 MIFS, 13 MIFS/HFLT, and 10 PHAT). This indicates that current morphology-based diagnostic criteria do not identify reliably the subset of soft tissue tumor with t(1;10) translocation. Genetic heterogeneity of these tumors is supported by the recent detection of a mutually exclusive, second recurrent genetic change, t(7;17) TOM1L2-BRAF translocation or BRAF amplification, in a subset of MIFS.
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Baird, Ian R., Steven J. Rettig, Brian R. James, and Kirsten A. Skov. "Synthesis and X-ray structural characterization of the ruthenium β-diketonato complexes: Ru(hfac)3, cis-Ru(hfac)2(MeCN)2, and cis-Ru(hfac)(acac)(MeCN)2." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 77, no. 11 (November 1, 1999): 1821–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v99-175.
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Ru(hfac)3 (2) was synthesized via peroxide oxidation of the Ru(II) species [Na][Ru(hfac)3] (1) (hfac = 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetonate). Treatment of either 1 or 2 with CF3SO3H in MeCN generated cis-Ru(hfac)2(MeCN)2 (3). Ru(acac)2(hfac) (4) (acac = acetylacetonate) was generated by addition of hfac to an EtOH solution of cis-[Ru(acac)2(MeCN)2][CF3SO3]. Subsequent treatment of 4 with CF3SO3H in MeCN yielded cis-Ru(acac)(hfac)(MeCN)2 (7). Syntheses of [Na][Ru(hfac)2(acac)] (5) and Ru(hfac)2(acac) (6) are also reported. The complexes were characterized generally by elemental analysis, cyclic voltammetry, UV-vis, NMR, and IR spectroscopies. The structures of 2, 3, and 7 were established by X-ray crystallographic analyses. Crystals of 2 are monoclinic with a = 8.7781(4), b = 13.0760(11), c = 19.1857(5) Å, β = 92.2275(5)°, Z = 4, and space group P21/n; those of 3 are monoclinic with a = 25.731(4), b = 8.8332(13), c = 18.1955(4) Å, β = 93.3395(6)°, Z = 8, and space group C2/c; and those of 7 are triclinic with a = 7.6812(9), b = 10.680(2), c = 12.578(2) Å, α = 88.062(6)°, β = 83.874(3)°, γ = 69.5898(15)°, Z = 2, and space group Pbar over 1. The structures were solved by Patterson methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares procedures to R(F) = 0.036, 0.035, and 0.068 (Rw(F2) = 0.061,Rw(F) = 0.052, and Rw(F) = 0.089), respectively.Key words: ruthenium, β-diketonato complexes, acetylacetonate, 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetonate, acetonitrile complexes.
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Mei, Guo Dong, Li Hua Xu, Shu Li, and Yin Chi. "Hybrid Effects on Strength of Steel-Polypropylene Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete under Uniaxial and Triaxial Compression." Applied Mechanics and Materials 268-270 (December 2012): 782–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.268-270.782.
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Three different volume ratio steel fiber and polypropylene fiber were mixed into concrete matrix to study the hybrid effect of fibers. Cube HFRC specimens were tested under uniaxial and triaxial load. Hybrid effects on compressive strength of the results were analyzed and compared. It was founded that there were positive and negative effects in HFRC under compression. Positive hybrid effects of HFRC could be found when volume ratios of fiber (no less than 1.0% for steel fiber and 0.1% for polypropylene fiber) were added into HFRC.