Academic literature on the topic 'Heuristic analyzer'
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Journal articles on the topic "Heuristic analyzer"
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Hrihorenko, I., S. Hrihorenko, and E. Bezborodyi. "Use of the Fuzzy-Logic for Control of Accuracy and Increase of Production Quality." Metrology and instruments, no. 3 (March 7, 2018): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(3)2018.52-57.
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The paper deals with the solution of the scientific and practical task of controlling the accuracy of the parameters of the process of making kefir and improving its quality by creating a heuristic analyzer based on the user interface of the fuzzy logic system.
The factors influencing the accuracy of the operation of the digital meter are analyzed, the possibility of using the fuzzy logic apparatus has been proved to determine the parameters of the technological process that ensure the maximum quality of the product. Computer simulation was carried out, which confirmed that the creation of a heuristic analyzer for determining the quality of yogurt is appropriate and necessary in order to prevent the production of low-quality products through the definition of the stage of production on which there is a deviation of the technology and timely eliminate the violation.
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CORBETT, DAN. "HYBRID HEURISTIC SEMANTIC NETWORKS IN NATURAL LANGUAGE UNDERSTANDING." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 03, no. 04 (December 1995): 389–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488595000190.
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It has never been demonstrated that a pure semantic analysts of an English sentence can be accomplished without any aid from a syntactic analyzer. It has therefore become interesting to demonstrate semantic systems which can be guided by fast and efficient syntactic methods. We show that non-probabilistic, abductive techniques can be used in a hybrid network to correctly interpret the meaning of an English sentence. We discuss the implementation of an abductive system which uses heuristics working together with a semantic network in an attempt to eliminate uncertainty and ambiguity in natural language text.
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Dharmalingam, Jeya Mala, and M. Eswaran. "An Agent Based Intelligent Dynamic Vulnerability Analysis Framework for Critical SQLIA Attacks." International Journal of Intelligent Information Technologies 14, no. 3 (July 2018): 56–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijiit.2018070104.
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This article describes how software vulnerability analysis and testing for web applications should detect not only the common attacks but also dynamic vulnerability attacks. These are the attacks such as structured query language injection attacks (SQLIAs) which will extract the most crucial user information from the targeted database. In this proposed approach, an intelligent agent namely intelligent vulnerability analyzer agent (IVA) is proposed in which the external attacks due to dynamic user inputs are identified using a heuristic-guided intelligent graph searching and then a pre and post condition based analysis is performed to identify the dynamic vulnerabilities. Further, the proposed approach is compared with some of the existing works based on the number of false positives and false negatives of attacks detection and confirmed that the proposed work is a novel and effective one in finding out SQLIAs.
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Diamond, L. W., G. Priolet, C. Sultan, and D. T. Nguyen. "Expert System Design in Hematology Diagnosis." Methods of Information in Medicine 31, no. 02 (1992): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1634864.
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Abstract:A two-part study was designed to test the hypothesis that sufficient information is available from a modern hematology analyzer (the Coulter STKS) to reach a reliable intermediate conclusion which can be used as input to the next decision-making level in the design of a high-performance expert system for hematology diagnosis. In phase one, we analyzed the performance of three probabilistic systems (using Bayes’ rule) which interpret STKS data: a control system which took the traditional approach of classifying cases into specific diagnoses, and two test systems which were designed to reach only an intermediate conclusion but not a final diagnosis. One of the test systems classified cases into “textbook categories” of disease and the other utilized defined diagnostic patterns. The systems were tested with 150 cases. The pattern approach ranked the correct choice first in 141 of 150 cases (94%). In phase two, we abandoned Bayes’ rule, reformulated the pattern approach into a heuristic classification system, and tested its reliability on 820 cases. The algorithm of the reformulated system was able to classify all 820 cases into the same predominant pattern as a panel of three experienced laboratory hematologists.
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Santos, André S., Ana M. Madureira, and Leonilde R. Varela. "A Self-Parametrization Framework for Meta-Heuristics." Mathematics 10, no. 3 (February 1, 2022): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10030475.
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Even while the scientific community has shown great interest in the analysis of meta-heuristics, the analysis of their parameterization has received little attention. It is the parameterization that will adapt a meta-heuristic to a problem, but it is still performed, mostly, empirically. There are multiple parameterization techniques; however, they are time-consuming, requiring considerable computational effort and they do not take advantage of the meta-heuristics that they parameterize. In order to approach the parameterization of meta-heuristics, in this paper, a self-parameterization framework is proposed. It will automatize the parameterization as an optimization problem, precluding the user from spending too much time on parameterization. The model will automate the parameterization through two meta-heuristics: A meta-heuristic of the solution space and one of the parameter space. To analyze the performance of the framework, a self-parameterization prototype was implemented. The prototype was compared and analyzed in a SP (scheduling problem) and in the TSP (traveling salesman problem). In the SP, the prototype found better solutions than those of the manually parameterized meta-heuristics, although the differences were not statistically significant. In the TSP, the self-parameterization prototype was more effective than the manually parameterized meta-heuristics, this time with statistically significant differences.
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Jasper, Fabian, and Tuulia M. Ortner. "The Tendency to Fall for Distracting Information While Making Judgments." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 30, no. 3 (January 1, 2014): 193–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000214.
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Despite much research on thinking biases such as the representativeness, availability, and anchoring heuristics, a psychometrically sound measurement instrument for assessing the degree of heuristic thinking is still missing. Therefore, it was the goal of this study to develop and validate a new test to assess the degree of heuristic thinking associated with three particular thinking heuristics (i.e., the representativeness, availability, and anchoring heuristics). The resulting Objective Heuristic Thinking Test (OHTT) was evaluated with regard to its internal consistency, factor structure, construct validity, and stability in an internet sample (N = 300) and an independent laboratory sample (N = 55). Exploratory factor analyses resulted in three latent factors that represented the three OHTT subscales (i.e., representativeness, availability, and anchoring factors). Results revealed a low to sufficient internal consistency for each of the three scales. Further analyses indicated convergent correlations of the OHTT scales with related constructs such as field-independency. Furthermore, good stability of the test scores was shown. Conclusions are drawn regarding possible future applications of the OHTT as a promising tool for studying the origins of heuristic thinking processes.
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Erkol, Şirag, and Gönenç Yücel. "Influence maximization based on partial network structure information: A comparative analysis on seed selection heuristics." International Journal of Modern Physics C 28, no. 10 (October 2017): 1750122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183117501224.
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In this study, the problem of seed selection is investigated. This problem is mainly treated as an optimization problem, which is proved to be NP-hard. There are several heuristic approaches in the literature which mostly use algorithmic heuristics. These approaches mainly focus on the trade-off between computational complexity and accuracy. Although the accuracy of algorithmic heuristics are high, they also have high computational complexity. Furthermore, in the literature, it is generally assumed that complete information on the structure and features of a network is available, which is not the case in most of the times. For the study, a simulation model is constructed, which is capable of creating networks, performing seed selection heuristics, and simulating diffusion models. Novel metric-based seed selection heuristics that rely only on partial information are proposed and tested using the simulation model. These heuristics use local information available from nodes in the synthetically created networks. The performances of heuristics are comparatively analyzed on three different network types. The results clearly show that the performance of a heuristic depends on the structure of a network. A heuristic to be used should be selected after investigating the properties of the network at hand. More importantly, the approach of partial information provided promising results. In certain cases, selection heuristics that rely only on partial network information perform very close to similar heuristics that require complete network data.
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Rott, Benjamin. "Rethinking heuristics – characterizations and vignettes." Lumat: International Journal of Math, Science and Technology Education 3, no. 1 (February 28, 2015): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31129/lumat.v3i1.1055.
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The concept of “heuristics” or “heuristic strategies” is central to (mathematical) problem solving and related research; however, there is no generally accepted definition of this term. Trying to clarify the concept might help avoiding misunderstandings and difficulties in dealing with studies that use different terms meaning the same concepts or that use the same terms meaning different concepts. Therefore, the research presented in this paper aims at a clarification of the term “heuristics” and suggestions for the use of it in future research. Building on previous work from last year’s ProMath conference, the consequences of using different characterizations of “heuristics” on vignettes (= short, completed scenes) of problem solving attempts are investigated. The conceptualization of “heuristics” has a significant influence on the types and numbers of perceived heuristics, which in turn affects empirical studies that identify and analyze heuristic strategies.
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Kasoga, Pendo Shukrani. "Heuristic biases and investment decisions: multiple mediation mechanisms of risk tolerance and financial literacy—a survey at the Tanzania stock market." Journal of Money and Business 1, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 102–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmb-10-2021-0037.
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PurposeThe purpose of this research is to examine the effect of heuristic biases on investment decisions through multiple mediation mechanisms of risk tolerance and financial literacy in the Tanzanian stock market.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 316 individual investors in the Tanzanian stock market was obtained through questionnaires. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM).FindingsThe findings show that financial literacy mediates insignificantly the effects of overconfidence, availability, anchoring and representativeness heuristics on investment decisions. Further, financial literacy does not influence the effect of risk tolerance and investment decisions. Risk tolerance is confirmed as a positive mediator of overconfidence, availability, anchoring and representativeness heuristics in investment decisions. Also, the study shows that overconfidence exerts a stronger influence on investment decisions, followed by availability, representativeness, risk tolerance, anchoring and financial literacy.Research limitations/implicationsThe study deals with real investors. Therefore, it uses fewer items to measure the constructs in order to avoid respondent bias. Further research could examine the effects of heuristic biases on investment decisions by adding or modifying the items of particular constructs and studying institutional investors.Practical implicationsThe findings can help individual investors to analyze and evaluate their behavior toward stock selection. Securities institutions can use this research to understand investors' behavior, evaluate future market trends and provide advice to the investors.Originality/valuePrevious studies have examined the impact of heuristics on the investment decisions of individual investors. The unique empirical analysis developed in this paper is that it examines the multiple mediation mechanisms of risk tolerance and financial literacy with respect to heuristic biases and investment decisions in the Tanzanian stock market.
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Castro, Margarita Paz, Chiara Piacentini, Andre Augusto Cire, and J. Christopher Beck. "Solving Delete Free Planning with Relaxed Decision Diagram Based Heuristics." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 67 (March 19, 2020): 607–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.1.11659.
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We investigate the use of relaxed decision diagrams (DDs) for computing admissible heuristics for the cost-optimal delete-free planning (DFP) problem. Our main contributions are the introduction of two novel DD encodings for a DFP task: a multivalued decision diagram that includes the sequencing aspect of the problem and a binary decision diagram representation of its sequential relaxation. We present construction algorithms for each DD that leverage these different perspectives of the DFP task and provide theoretical and empirical analyses of the associated heuristics. We further show that relaxed DDs can be used beyond heuristic computation to extract delete-free plans, find action landmarks, and identify redundant actions. Our empirical analysis shows that while DD-based heuristics trail the state of the art, even small relaxed DDs are competitive with the linear programming heuristic for the DFP task, thus, revealing novel ways of designing admissible heuristics.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Heuristic analyzer"
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Semyonov, S. G., Svitlana Gavrylenko, and Viktor Chelak. "Processing information on the state of a computer system using probabilistic automata." Thesis, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2017. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/40752.
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The paper deals with the processing of information about the state of a computer system using a probabilistic automaton. A model of an intelligent system for detection and classification of malicious software is proposed, which compares a set of features that are characteristic for different classes of viruses with multiple states of the machine. The analysis process is reduced to modeling the operation of the automaton taking into account the probability of transition from state to state, which at each step is recalculated depending on the reaction of the environment. The received results of research allow to reach a conclusion about the possibility of using the offered system for detection of the harmful software.
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Goyal, Devendra. "Five new systems heuristics to analyze small group teamwork." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106248.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, System Design and Management Program, Engineering and Management Program, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 69-72).
Small groups are the most common of all organizations. In this thesis we apply a systems architecture approach to small group teamwork in order to study small groups. We propose five new systems heuristics and use these heuristics as lenses to view small groups. We make use of concepts from systems and complexity theories in order to come up with these heuristics. With each heuristic, we provide literature review both from systems and small group perspectives. We find that in many cases there is sufficient literature available to support application of each heuristic on small groups, but in some cases the literature is scant. We further apply these heuristics to small group work in a movie called "Twelve Angry Men" to provide an application example of these heuristics to analyze the work of a jury group presented in the movie. We find that each heuristic within its scope is able to provide significant insights into the working of the group. We finally provide guidelines for how these heuristics can be used for the practice of leadership in small groups. We report that each heuristic covers different aspects of group life and together can be used to analyze group work in details. Understanding group work in real time opens up opportunities for a member or members to influence the work and thus help practice leadership.
by Devendra Goyal.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Balakrishnan, Anantaram, Thomas L. Magnanti, and Prakash Mirchandani. "Heuristics, LPs, and Trees on Trees: Network Design Analyses." Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Operations Research Center, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/5277.
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We study a class of models, known as overlay optimization problems, with a "base" subproblem and an "overlay" subproblem, linked by the requirement that the overlay solution be contained in the base solution. In some telecommunication settings, a feasible base solution is a spanning tree and the overlay solution is an embedded Steiner tree (or an embedded path). For the general overlay optimization problem, we describe a heuristic solution procedure that selects the better of two feasible solutions obtained by independently solving the base and overlay subproblems, and establish worst-case performance guarantees on both this heuristic and a LP relaxation of the model. These guarantees depend upon worst-case bounds for the heuristics and LP relaxations of the unlinked base and overlay problems. Under certain assumptions about the cost structure and the optimality of the subproblem solutions, both the heuristic and the LP relaxation of the combined overlay optimization model have performance guarantees of 4/3. We extend this analysis to multiple overlays on the same base solution, producing the first known worst-case bounds (approximately proportional to the square root of the number of commodities) for the uncapacitated multicommodity network design problem. In a companion paper, we develop heuristic performance guarantees for various new multi-tier. survivable network design models that incorporate both multiple facility types or technologies and differential node connectivity levels.
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Watson, Jebulan Ryan. "Finding a representative day for simulation analyses." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31762.
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Thesis (M. S.)--Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.Committee Chair: John-Paul Clarke; Committee Member: Ellis Johnson; Committee Member: Eric Feron. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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FILHO, EMILIO ABUD. "APPLICATION OF VARIATIONAL METHODS AND HEURISTIC FORMULATIONS FOR ANALYZES AND NUMERICAL SYNTHESIS OF RECTANGULAR WAVEGUIDE TRANSFORMERS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=16456@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROTransformadores de guia de onda são amplamente empregados no projeto de componentes em onda guiada e são encontrados em praticamente todas as cadeias alimentadoras de antenas e demais estruturas de onda guiada na faixa de microondas. Embora a teoria de transformadores seja conhecida, os requisitos de ordem sistêmica têm levado os projetos de transformadores de guia de onda ao seu limite. Para tal nível de exigência, e considerando o número de variáveis no projeto de transformadores, técnicas numéricas de análise (tais como FDTD e expansão modal dentre outros), e otimização têm sido obrigatoriamente empregadas. Por outro lado, o número de variáveis de um transformador, acaba sendo um processo de alto consumo de tempo computacional, incoerente com o porte e objetivo de custo desses transformadores. Este trabalho propõe uma possibilidade alternativa para a análise mais rápida para essas estruturas, através do emprego de formulações fechadas derivadas de métodos varacionais. Um modelo heurístico é proposto para o caso de descontinuidades em dois planos, sejam para o caso de descontinuidades homogêneas ou para não-homogêneas.
Waveguide transformers are widely used on antenna’s feeder chains and other microwave devices. Although the theory of quarter wavelength transformers is well known, the current electrical performance of such microwave devices has been pushing the waveguide transformers design to its limit. For attending such level of requirements, and considering the number of existing variables on a waveguide transformer design, very accurate numerical techniques has been applied on its analyses, (such as FDTD, mode matching, etc), and optimization techniques as well. On the other hand, such numerical techniques are very memory and/or CPU/time consuming, which do not match with the cost objective of those simple concept transformers. This work proposes an alternative technique, based on close-form models derived from varational theory. A heuristic model is also proposed for attending the two plane transformer case, which can be easily applied for both homogeneous and inhomogeneous structures. Keywords Waveguide;
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Glöckner, Andreas. "Automatische Prozesse bei Entscheidungen : das dominierende Prinzip menschlicher Entscheidungen: Intuition, komplex-rationale Analyse oder Reduktion? /." Hamburg : Kovač, 2006. http://www.verlagdrkovac.de/3-8300-2625-0.htm.
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Ahmadi, Jah Robert Roham, Daniel Chatten, and Ali Hesen Sabah. "Analysera eller gå på magkänsla? : Hur svenska chefer använder analys och intuition i sina beslut under Coronakrisen." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104827.
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En kris såsom Coronapandemin är en extrem situation som skiljer sig från normala förhållanden och kräver att rätt beslut tas. Det sätter press på chefen i en organisation att fatta ett beslut som många gånger är improviserat, dels på grund av tidspress och stress, dels på grund av att varje kris är unik där det är otydligare vad som är rätt och fel beslut. Det beslut som chefen tar under en kris kan många gånger skilja sig från hur beslutet hade tagits under en normal situation. Bör chefen göra mer analyser före beslutet tas eftersom krisen är så pass komplex eller bör chefen i stället förlita sig mer på sin magkänsla eftersom krisens komplexitet är alltför omfattande att göra en analys av? Det är en fråga som har fått mycket uppmärksamhet inom beslutsforskning, inte minst under extrema situationer och kriser såsom en pandemi. Syftet med denna studie är att öka förståelsen för hur chefer hanterar det improviserande beslutsfattandet som uppstår under en kris. I studien sätts analytiska beslut i kontrast till beslut baserade på intuition eller magkänsla, men öppnar samtidigt upp för en möjlighet att båda kan kombineras. Intervjuer har gjorts med chefer från olika branscher runtom i Sverige för att öka förståelsen för krisbeslut under Coronapandemin. Studien visar att de flesta chefer använder analys eller kombinerar analys med intuition. Endast ett fåtal chefer tenderar att enbart använda intuition. Vidare framkommer det att hur chefen betraktar krisen får en effekt på vilka beslut som tas. Betraktas pandemin enbart som ett hot väljer chefen att fokusera på interna aktiviteter som ämnar lindra pandemins negativa påverkan i organisationen och stödja medarbetarna. Väljer chefen att även betrakta pandemin som en möjlighet så öppnar det upp för externa aktiviteter som kan dra nytta av pandemin, såsom att expandera verksamheten till och bredda kontaktnätverken för nya affärsmöjligheter. I de allra flesta beslut framkommer det att de baseras på ett nära samspel och kommunikation med andra aktörer. Det är sällan som ett beslut tas utan någon som helst kommunikation med någon annan. Denna kommunikation tycks ha motarbetat de negativa effekter som olika biaser medför i besluten. Exempelvis är cheferna mindre partiska när andras perspektiv tas med i beaktning före ett beslut tas. Slutligen tror de flesta cheferna att denna pandemi har gjort dem till en bättre beslutsfattare och vissa tror att tidigare stressfulla situationer och kriser har varit till stor hjälp även under Coronapandemin.A crisis such as the Covid-19 pandemic is an extreme situation that differs from day-to-day situations and require that the right decisions be made. Such extreme situations put pressure on managers in organizations to make decisions that many times are improvised, in part because of time pressure and stress, and in part because each crisis is unique and makes it harder to know what the right decision is. The decisions managers make during a crisis are often different from how those decisions would have been made during a normal situation. Should the manager analyse the situation before the decision is made because the crisis is so complex, or should the manager instead follow his or her gut feeling because the crisis’ complexity is too overwhelming to possibly analyse? Such a question has received much attention in research of decision making, not least under extreme situations and crisis such as a pandemic. The purpose of this study is to increase the understanding of how managers deal with the improvised decision making that occur during a crisis. This study contrasts analytical decisions to intuitive decisions, while at the same time opens for the possibility that both styles of decision making could be combined. Interviews have been made with managers from different industries throughout Sweden to increase the understanding of crisis decision making during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study shows that most managers use analysis or combine analysis with intuition. Few managers tend to use intuition only. Furthermore, this study shows that the way the manager views the crisis can affect the decisions that he or she makes. If the manager views the merely as a threat, he or she will tend to focus on internal activities aimed at reducing the negative effects caused by the pandemic on the organisation and their members. If the manager chooses also to view the pandemic as an opportunity, it can lead to external activities that can take advantage of the pandemic, by for example expanding their business and business network. The study shows that most decisions have been made through communication and interplay with other actors. Only few decisions have been made without any communication or interplay whatsoever. The fact that most decisions have been made through communication with others seem to have reduced the effect of different biases. Managers have become less partial when other people’s perspectives have been included in the decisions. Finally, most managers believe that this pandemic has made them a better decision maker, and some believe that prior stressful situations and crisis have greatly assisted them during this pandemic.
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Rambow, Angela Inge. "Sozialer Wert der Stadtbibliothek Wolgast." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät I, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15525.
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Diese Arbeit verfolgt das Ziel, soziale Wirkungen einer ausgewählten Bibliothek gültig und verlässlich nachzuweisen. Sie beschäftigt sich mit dem vielschichtigen Problem, Tätigkeitszusammenhänge zu untersuchen, die bedeutsame Veränderungen hervorrufen und fragt nach dem Einfluss der Bibliothek in individueller und gesellschaftlicher Hinsicht. Dies steht im Zusammenhang mit der Leistungsbeurteilung einer Bibliothek. Ausgehend von verschiedenen Wirkungsdefinitionen im Kontext ihres theoretischen Hintergrundes (Kapitel eins) werden unterschiedliche Ansätze der Leistungs- und Wirkungsmessung verglichen (Kapitel zwei). Darauf aufbauend wird die Wahl des social-process-audit-Ansatzes begründet und führt im Kapitel drei zur Darstellung des Forschungsdesigns. Im Kapitel vier werden die Forschungsergebnisse vorgestellt. Die Ergebnisse dieser empirischen Untersuchung zeigen, dass die Wirkungen der ausgewählten Bibliothek gesellschaftlich bedeutsam sind. Durch ihr Angebot bewirkt diese Bibliothek nicht nur vielfältigen Nutzen, sondern auch Veränderungen innerhalb der Lebensbereiche ihrer Interessengruppen. Diese langfristigen sozialen Wirkungen können für die Bibliothek von strategischer Bedeutung sein. Die Besonderheiten der Arbeit bestehen darin, (1) dass gesellschaftliche Wirkungsbezüge gültig nachgewiesen worden sind, (2) dass nicht auf Nutzungszusammenhänge eingeschränkt, sondern im Kontext des Auftrages der Bibliothek untersucht wurde und (3) dass das Einbeziehen der Positionen aller relevanter Interessengruppen – sowohl in Hinblick auf das Ermitteln der erwünschten Wirkungen als auch der erreichten Wirkungen – eine entscheidende Grundlage darstellte. Die im Kapitel fünf enthaltenen Schlussbetrachtungen beschäftigen sich mit Problemen der wissenschaftlich-empirischen Methode des Interviewens, der Verallgemeinerung der Untersuchungsergebnisse und ausgewählten aktuellen Fragestellungen.This thesis aims at validly and reliably proving social effects (Impact, Outcome) of a selected library. It deals with the complex problem of surveying the context of activities causing significant changes. Apart from that, it looks into the library''s influence on the individual and on society, thus furnishing results which facilitate the assessment of a library''s achievements. Starting with various definitions of outcomes in the context of their theoretical background (chapter one), different approaches to assessing performace, impact and outcome are compared (chapter two). Based on that, the selection of the social-process-audit approach is justified and then the research design described (chapter three). In chapter four, the results of the survey are presented. The empirical study proves that the effects of the selected library are socially significant. This library''s offer does not only bring about a variety of benefits, but it also causes changes in its stakeholders'' lives – long-term social effects that may be of strategic significance for the library. The special features of the thesis are (1) the valid proof of social effects, (2) the fact that the survey has not been restricted to ways of use, but has been carried out in the context of the library''s task and (3) that the inclusion of the positions of all relevant interest groups (stakeholders) – with regard to both determining the intended effects and the ones that have been actually reached – has built a decisive basis. The concluding remarks (chapter five) consider problems of the scientific-empirical method of interviewing and contain a generalization of the thesis''s results as well as selected topical questions.
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Rumm, Stefanie [Verfasser], Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Menrad, and Luisa [Gutachter] Menapace. "Verbrauchereinschätzungen zu Biokunststoffen: eine Analyse vor dem Hintergrund des heuristic-systematic model / Stefanie Rumm ; Gutachter: Klaus Menrad, Luisa Menapace ; Betreuer: Klaus Menrad." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1125627026/34.
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Kirner, Benedikt. "The ethical focal point of moral symmetry – a heuristic to analyse risk culture and misconduct in banking: Demonstrated on three recent misconduct cases." HHL Leipzig Graduate School of Management, 2020. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A74391.
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Many recent scandals in banking highlight the importance and challenges of risk governance due to non-financial risk issues such as misconduct and failed risk cultures of financial corporations.
The study of risk culture and misconduct in banking requires addressing questions on corporate governance beyond compliance; next to the empirical level, it is important to focus fundamentally on normative aspects, such as ethical norms and values. The heuristic of the ethical focal point of moral symmetry is developed and used to unravel these complex culture and conduct issues on both the normative and empirical level to differentiate good conduct from misconduct in the banking
industry, and to guide leaders and risk-takers in decision-making. Based on three case studies on recent banking scandals, the following main drivers of risk culture and misconduct issues in banking were derived: (i) bad leadership, (ii) decoupling of actions and values, and (iii) ignorance of risk policies due to the complexity and ambiguity of the banking business.
Banks are requested to internalize a heuristic such as the ethical focal point of moral symmetry to overcome the issues of misconduct and its spill-over effects on risk-taking and risk culture in the banking industry.
Books on the topic "Heuristic analyzer"
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Linguistisches Wissen im Wechselspiel von Regel, Inventar und Heuristik: Beim Einsatz digitaler Rechner für die Untersuchung von Texten, insbesondere bei der Analyse deutscher Nominalkomposita. Bern: P. Lang, 1989.
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1968-, Abraham Ajith, and Konar Amit, eds. Metaheuristic clustering. Berlin: Springer, 2009.
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Casas, Arturo. Procesos da historiografía literaria galega Para un debate crítico. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-530-8.
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Galician literary historiography shows links and ruptures that refer to the cultural history of Galicia itself and to the sequence of historical events that have delineated the social, economic and political development of the country since the nineteenth century. These coordinates comprise a series of processes, including the elaboration and propagation of ideologies aimed at achieving a way out of political subalternity and oriented towards the horizon of national emancipation. Those events and these processes also marked the connection of Galicia with modernity and the dynamics of historical change. As a result of the above, this book analyses critically the institutionalization processes of the history of Galician literature – with special emphasis on historiographic models such as that of Said Armesto, Carvalho Calero, Méndez Ferrín and others – and indicates the need to undertake a productive methodological innovation of the discipline in heuristic, organic and discursive terms. It further argues that this update should pay attention to substantive theoretical debates, not exclusively of specific cultural coordinates, such as Galician ones or any others that could be considered. Among these, the cooperation between history and sociology, the intellection of literary facts as historical facts, the review of the link between literary history and nation, the public uses of literary history, and the inquiry of discursive choices that promote a less self-indulgent and predictable historiography. This essentially involved a challenge, that of permanent dialogue with some of the most powerful critical reinterpretations of the Galician historiographic tradition and with alternative models constituted from feminist thought, postcolonial theories, the sociology of the literary field or the systemic theories of culture, as well as with the contributions made from a post-national understanding of the literary phenomenon.
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Rüpke, Jörg. Individualization and Privatization. Edited by Michael Stausberg and Steven Engler. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198729570.013.47.
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This chapter discusses the concepts of individualization and privatization as heuristic rather than explanatory tools for an analysis of contemporary and past religion. It takes Thomas Luckmann’s concept of invisible religion as its point of departure and locates ‘privatization’ within the history of sociological theories in the 1960s. ‘Individualization’ is analyzed as a part of sociological rather than historical theorizing about overarching social processes that were thought to be a defining part of ‘modernity.’ A critique of such views as part of auto-stereotypes of Western concepts of modernity and superiority leads to the suggestion to take up the potential of ‘individualization’ for comparative and historical analyses also for premodern and non-Western societies. It is suggested to distinguish different, and even contradictory, types of individuality. Finally, the problem of the paradoxical coupling of processes of individualization and de-individualization is discussed.
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Jue, Melody, and Rafico Ruiz, eds. Saturation. Duke University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478013044.
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Bringing together media studies and environmental humanities, the contributors to Saturation develop saturation as a heuristic to analyze phenomena in which the elements involved are difficult or impossible to separate. In ordinary language, saturation describes the condition of being thoroughly soaked, while in chemistry it is the threshold at which something can be maximally dissolved or absorbed in a solution. Contributors to this collection expand notions of saturation beyond water to consider saturation in sound, infrastructure, media, Big Data, capitalism, and visual culture. Essays include analyses of the thresholds of HIV detectability in bloodwork, militarism's saturation of oceans, and the deleterious effects of the saturation of cellphone and wi-fi signals into the human body. By channeling saturation to explore the relationship between media, the environment, technology, capital, and the legacies of settler colonialism, Saturation illuminates how elements, the natural world, and anthropogenic infrastructures, politics, and processes exist in and through each other. Contributors. Marija Cetinić, Jeff Diamanti, Bishnupriya Ghosh, Lisa Yin Han, Stefan Helmreich, Mél Hogan, Melody Jue, Rahul Mukherjee, Max Ritts, Rafico Ruiz, Bhaskar Sarkar, John Shiga, Avery Slater, Janet Walker, Joanna Zylinska
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Prior, Helen M. Shape as understood by performing musicians. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199351411.003.0014.
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Recent studies of musicians’ use of the concept of shape have examined its multimodal characteristics and expression; its link with musical identity; and its function as one of many heuristics for achieving a particular effect rapidly and without cumbersome amounts of conscious thought. This chapter analyses interview data, leading to the construction of a model encompassing the levels at which shaping was discussed, triggers for musical shaping, heuristics, technical modifications, and the resulting change in sound. An overview of the data is provided through an explanation of each component, and the distribution among the participants of the use of each idea discussed. The model is then used to represent selected parts of the data to give an insight into how the components of the model were combined in the interviews. Finally, the model is discussed in relation to its potential for generalization embracing other performing musicians.
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Adler, Mark. Universality. Edited by Gernot Akemann, Jinho Baik, and Philippe Di Francesco. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198744191.013.6.
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This article deals with the universality of eigenvalue spacings, one of the basic characteristics of random matrices. It first discusses the heuristic meaning of universality before describing the standard universality classes (sine, Airy, Bessel) and their appearance in unitary, orthogonal, and symplectic ensembles. It then examines unitary matrix ensembles in more detail and shows that universality in these ensembles comes down to the convergence of the properly scaled eigenvalue correlation kernels. It also analyses the Riemann–Hilbert method, along with certain non-standard universality classes that arise at singular points in the limiting spectrum. Finally, it considers the limiting kernels for each of the three types of singular points, namely interior singular points, singular edge points, and exterior singular points.
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Konar, Amit, Ajith Abraham, and Swagatam Das. Metaheuristic Clustering. Springer, 2010.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Heuristic analyzer"
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Som, Trina, and Vishal Rajak. "Comparison of Heuristic Approach in Renewable Power Optimization and Environmental Analyses." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 193–205. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6772-4_18.
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Sasis, Suchetan, Sachin Kumar, and R. K. Saket. "Design and Economic Analyses of Wind Farm Using Meta-heuristic Techniques." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 384–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93639-6_33.
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Kessai, I., M. Z. Doghmane, and S. Benammar. "Weight-On-Bit Variations Analyses in the Drillstring of Rotary Drilling Systems Under Stick-Slip Vibrations." In Artificial Intelligence and Heuristics for Smart Energy Efficiency in Smart Cities, 717–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92038-8_72.
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Chen, Ying, Xiaojun Jing, and Hai Huang. "Analyses of the Interference Mitigation in Ad Hoc Network by Using a Heuristic Scheme." In Self-Organizing Networks, 37–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19746-3_5.
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Mahmud, Khizir, Mohammad Habibullah, Mohammad Shidujaman, Sayidul Morsalin, and Günnur Koçar. "A Heuristic Approach to Design and Analyze the Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrain and Energy Transmission Systems." In Intelligent Computing Methodologies, 571–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42297-8_53.
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Tang, Yujia, Chang Xu, Can Zhang, Yan Wu, and Liehuang Zhu. "Analysis of Address Linkability in Tornado Cash on Ethereum." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 39–50. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9229-1_3.
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AbstractTornado Cash, the most popular non-custodial coin mixer on Ethereum, is widely used to protect the privacy of addresses. However, some inappropriate transaction behaviors in Tornado Cash mixing mechanism lead to the risk of privacy leakage. More specifically, the malicious attackers can link multiple addresses of the same users according to the transaction data. Motivated by the above problem, this paper systematically analyzes the privacy issues of Tornado Cash for the first time. In this paper, we give the macroscopic analysis of Tornado Cash based on the on-chain data and formalize two types of transaction patterns. Focus on the presented transaction patterns, we propose three heuristic clustering rules to link the users’ addresses, which reduce the size of users’ anonymity set. Finally, we perform the experiment on real Tornado Cash transaction data to describe the effectiveness of the proposed clustering rules.
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Niemann, Dennis, Kerstin Martens, and Alexandra Kaasch. "The Architecture of Arguments in Global Social Governance: Examining Populations and Discourses of International Organizations in Social Policies." In International Organizations in Global Social Governance, 3–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65439-9_1.
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AbstractAs this chapter is the introduction to the book, it lays out in broad strokes the knowledge about the purposes, functions and characteristics of International Organizations (IOs) in general, and their involvement in social policy issues in particular. It then sets out some basic conceptualizations for studying IOs in global social governance before specifying the framework applied for exploring populations and discourses of IOs in global social policies. Complementing liberal and constructivist IR theories, the volume uses organizational ecology and soft governance approaches as heuristic frames for the analyses of different architectures of IO global social governance. ‘Populations’ are identified as the dominant as well as regional IOs active in a specific social policy issue; the concept of ‘discourse’ is understood as the strategic way in which individuals or collective actors frame ideas, and not as a structural understanding of how certain meanings influence behavior.
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Kashan, Ali Husseinzadeh, Alireza Balavand, and Somayyeh Karimiyan. "The Find-Fix-Finish-Exploit-Analyze (F3EA) Meta-Heuristic Algorithm with an Extended Constraint Handling Technique for Constrained Optimization." In Constraint Handling in Metaheuristics and Applications, 1–27. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6710-4_1.
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Sarasvathy, Saras D. "An Effectual Analysis of Markets and States." In International Studies in Entrepreneurship, 37–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94273-1_3.
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AbstractEntrepreneurial expertise consists in nonpredictive heuristics grouped under the rubric of effectuation. The principles and process of effectuation specify ways to tackle multiple uncertainties, allowing the cocreation of innovative upsides even without large, upfront investments. In focusing attention on the differences between risk and uncertainty, effectuation compels us to rethink the familiar relationships between risk and reward. Entrepreneurs and their stakeholders self-select into the effectual process not only to build products and ventures but also to reshape their environments, including markets and states. An effectual perspective, therefore, offers new frameworks to analyze the role of markets and states in innovation, especially in shaping and choosing goals worth pursuing in the face of complex interacting uncertainties. Additionally, it suggests that the question, “What are we willing to live with if we get it wrong?” has to become a larger part of the public discourse than it is today.
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Dröse, Astrid, and Sara Springfeld. "Liedkultur des 17. Jahrhunderts als Übersetzungskultur." In Übersetzungskulturen der Frühen Neuzeit, 101–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62562-0_6.
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ZusammenfassungIn our paper we analyse translations of Italian and French songs into German from the late sixteenth to the mid-seventeenth century. The methods of translation employed range from a narrow focus on the words and music of the original song to free variation. Analysing the bimedial relationship of words and music is the principal focus of our study. We ask: What consequences does a translation have for the text-sound relationship? In the first part of the study, we develop a heuristic methodology that describes this phenomenon while taking into account the cultural context of each translation. In the second part, we put this model to the test by examining a prominent song collection: Heinrich Albert’s Arien oder Melodeyen (Königsberg, 1638–1650), which contains a large number of as yet unidentified French and Italian originals. Two case studies on the translation of an Air de Cour and an Italian aria, as well as reflections on the digital accessibility of song translation, conclude the paper.
Conference papers on the topic "Heuristic analyzer"
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Liang, Jia, Hari Govind, Pascal Poupart, Krzysztof Czarnecki, and Vijay Ganesh. "An Empirical Study of Branching Heuristics through the Lens of Global Learning Rate." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/745.
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In this paper, we analyze a suite of 7 well-known branching heuristics proposed by the SAT community and show that the better heuristics tend to generate more learnt clauses per decision, a metric we define as the global learning rate (GLR). We propose GLR as a metric for the branching heuristic to optimize. We test our hypothesis by developing a new branching heuristic that maximizes GLR greedily. We show empirically that this heuristic achieves very high GLR and interestingly very low literal block distance (LBD) over the learnt clauses. In our experiments this greedy branching heuristic enables the solver to solve instances faster than VSIDS, when the branching time is taken out of the equation. This experiment is a good proof of concept that a branching heuristic maximizing GLR will lead to good solver performance modulo the computational overhead. Finally, we propose a new branching heuristic, called SGDB, that uses machine learning to cheapily approximate greedy maximization of GLR. We show experimentally that SGDB performs on par with the VSIDS branching heuristic.
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Pommerening, Florian, Gabriele Röger, Malte Helmert, Hadrien Cambazad, Louis-Martin Rousseau, and Domenico Salvagnin. "Lagrangian Decomposition for Classical Planning (Extended Abstract)." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/663.
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Optimal cost partitioning of classical planning heuristics has been shown to lead to excellent heuristic values but is often prohibitively expensive to compute. We analyze the application of Lagrangian decomposition, a classical tool in mathematical programming, to cost partitioning of operator-counting heuristics. This allows us to view the computation as an iterative process that can be seeded with any cost partitioning and that improves over time. In the case of non-negative cost partitioning of abstraction heuristics the computation reduces to independent shortest path problems and does not require an LP solver.
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Li, Ya-zhou, Jin Wang, Li-qin Hu, and Yi-can Wu. "A Variable Ordering Heuristic Based on Zero-Suppressed Binary Decision Diagrams." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-30070.
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Two approaches have been proposed to solve the large-scale fault trees or event trees for Probabilistic Safety Assessment in a nuclear power plant. The first one consists in MCS/ZBDD, which uses ZBDDs (Zero-suppressed Binary Decision Diagrams) to implement classical MCS (Minimal Cut Sets) algorithm. The second consists in designing heuristics and strategies to reduce the complexity of the BDDs (Binary Decision Diagrams) construction. This paper was motivated to combine the MCS/ZBDD and designing heuristics for ZBDDs together. A heuristic, which took the failure rate of basic event into account and utilized that truncation could be implemented on ZBDDs during the calculating process, was proposed. This heuristic accelerated the analysis progress by bringing forward the truncation and reducing the complexity of the intermediate ZBDDs. RiskA, a Zero-suppressed Binary Decision Diagram package extended to safety and reliability analysis, has adopted this heuristic. RiskA’s truncation strategies, which had some relations with the ordering scheme, were also introduced. The correctness and efficiency of this new heuristic were verified by some practical models’ analyses.
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Fillingim, Kenton B., Richard Ossie Nwaeri, Felipe Borja, Katherine Fu, and Christiaan J. J. Paredis. "Design Heuristics: Analysis and Synthesis From Jet Propulsion Laboratory’s Architecture Team." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-85584.
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This study offers insight into the processes of expert designers at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and how they make use of heuristics in the design process. A methodology for the extraction, classification, and characterization of heuristics is presented. Ten expert participants were interviewed to identify design heuristics used during early stage space mission design at JPL. In total, 101 heuristics were obtained, classified, and characterized. Through the use of postinterview surveys, participants characterized heuristics based on attributes including source/origin, applicability based on concept maturity, frequency of use, reliability, and tendency to evolve. These findings are presented, and statistically analyzed to show correlations between the participant perceptions of frequency of use, reliability, and evolution of a heuristic. Survey results and analysis aim to identify valid attributes for assessing the applicability and value of multiple heuristics for design practice in early space mission formulation.
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Cao, Pei, Zhaoyan Fan, Robert Gao, and Jiong Tang. "A Manufacturing Oriented Single Point Search Hyper-Heuristic Scheme for Multi-Objective Optimization." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-68265.
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Multi-objective optimization problems are frequently encountered in engineering analyses. Optimization techniques in practical applications are devised and evaluated mostly for specific problems, and thus may not be generally applicable when applications vary. In this study we formulate a probability matching based hyper-heuristic scheme, then propose four low-level heuristics which can work coherently with the single point search algorithm MOSA/R (Multi-Objective Simulated Annealing Algorithm based on Re-pick) towards multi-objective optimization problems of various properties, namely DTLZ and UF test instances. Making use of the domination amount, crowding distance and hypervolume calculations, the hyper-heuristic scheme could meet different optimization requirements. The approach developed (MOSA/R-HH) exhibits better and more robust performance compared to AMOSA, NSGA-II and MOEA/D as illustrated in the numerical tests. The outcome of this research may potentially benefit various design and manufacturing practices.
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Baker, Feyaz, Arunava Mukhoti, and B. R. Chandavarkar. "An Analysis of Heuristics for a Mathematically Incomplete Variant of TicTacToe." In International Conference on Women Researchers in Electronics and Computing. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.114.57.
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We attempt to produce a game-winning heuristic for the mathematically incomplete game Ultimate Tic Tac Toe (UTT). There are several game AI that use Monte Carlo Tree Search to decide moves, however, heuristics offer a faster and computationally cheaper alternative. The mathematical analysis of UTT has not been actively pursued, so we attempt to prove a posteriori. We have decided on a few strategies for playing, and assign different strategies to each player. We play several automated games of UTT, and statistically analyse which games end quickest, and use that data to find optimal strategies for playing. This can be used to produce game heuristics for more complicated games, and produce insight about strategies. The first objective is to specify a framework that can compare heuristics for UTT, and decide an optimal strategy for both players. The second objective is to test the framework with a large amount of data, and produce demonstrable results for UTT. Lastly, to aid further research in this topic, we release our dataset into the public domain.
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Eftimov, Tome, and Peter Korošec. "Statistical analyses for meta-heuristic stochastic optimization algorithms." In GECCO '20: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3377929.3389881.
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Eftimov, Tome, and Peter Korošec. "Statistical analyses for meta-heuristic stochastic optimization algorithms." In GECCO '21: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3449726.3461438.
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Rocha, Camilo. "Automatic proof-search heuristics in the Maude invariant analyzer tool." In 2013 8th Computing Colombian Conference (8CCC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/colombiancc.2013.6637512.
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Rocha, Lídia, and Kelen Vivaldini. "Comparison between Meta-Heuristic Algorithms for Path Planning." In VIII Workshop de Teses e Dissertações em Robótica/Concurso de Teses e Dissertações em Robótica. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/wtdr_ctdr.2020.14950.
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Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) has been increasingly employed in several missions with a pre-defined path. Over the years, UAV has become necessary in complex environments, where it demands high computational cost and execution time for traditional algorithms. To solve this problem meta-heuristic algorithms are used. Meta-heuristics are generic algorithms to solve problems without having to describe each step until the result and search for the best possible answer in an acceptable computational time. The simulations are made in Python, with it, a statistical analyses was realized based on execution time and path length between algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) and Glowworm Swarm Optimization (GSO). Despite the GWO returns the paths in a shorter time, the PSO showed better performance with similar execution time and shorter path length. However, the reliability of the algorithms will depend on the size of the environment. PSO is less reliable in large environments, while the GWO maintains the same reliability.
Reports on the topic "Heuristic analyzer"
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Raychev, Nikolay. Can human thoughts be encoded, decoded and manipulated to achieve symbiosis of the brain and the machine. Web of Open Science, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37686/nsrl.v1i2.76.
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This article discusses the current state of neurointerface technologies, not limited to deep electrode approaches. There are new heuristic ideas for creating a fast and broadband channel from the brain to artificial intelligence. One of the ideas is not to decipher the natural codes of nerve cells, but to create conditions for the development of a new language for communication between the human brain and artificial intelligence tools. Theoretically, this is possible if the brain "feels" that by changing the activity of nerve cells that communicate with the computer, it is possible to "achieve" the necessary actions for the body in the external environment, for example, to take a cup of coffee or turn on your favorite music. At the same time, an artificial neural network that analyzes the flow of nerve impulses must also be directed at the brain, trying to guess the body's needs at the moment with a minimum number of movements. The most important obstacle to further progress is the problem of biocompatibility, which has not yet been resolved. This is even more important than the number of electrodes and the power of the processors on the chip. When you insert a foreign object into your brain, it tries to isolate itself from it. This is a multidisciplinary topic not only for doctors and psychophysiologists, but also for engineers, programmers, mathematicians. Of course, the problem is complex and it will be possible to overcome it only with joint efforts.
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Engel, Bernard, Yael Edan, James Simon, Hanoch Pasternak, and Shimon Edelman. Neural Networks for Quality Sorting of Agricultural Produce. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7613033.bard.
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The objectives of this project were to develop procedures and models, based on neural networks, for quality sorting of agricultural produce. Two research teams, one in Purdue University and the other in Israel, coordinated their research efforts on different aspects of each objective utilizing both melons and tomatoes as case studies. At Purdue: An expert system was developed to measure variances in human grading. Data were acquired from eight sensors: vision, two firmness sensors (destructive and nondestructive), chlorophyll from fluorescence, color sensor, electronic sniffer for odor detection, refractometer and a scale (mass). Data were analyzed and provided input for five classification models. Chlorophyll from fluorescence was found to give the best estimation for ripeness stage while the combination of machine vision and firmness from impact performed best for quality sorting. A new algorithm was developed to estimate and minimize training size for supervised classification. A new criteria was established to choose a training set such that a recurrent auto-associative memory neural network is stabilized. Moreover, this method provides for rapid and accurate updating of the classifier over growing seasons, production environments and cultivars. Different classification approaches (parametric and non-parametric) for grading were examined. Statistical methods were found to be as accurate as neural networks in grading. Classification models by voting did not enhance the classification significantly. A hybrid model that incorporated heuristic rules and either a numerical classifier or neural network was found to be superior in classification accuracy with half the required processing of solely the numerical classifier or neural network. In Israel: A multi-sensing approach utilizing non-destructive sensors was developed. Shape, color, stem identification, surface defects and bruises were measured using a color image processing system. Flavor parameters (sugar, acidity, volatiles) and ripeness were measured using a near-infrared system and an electronic sniffer. Mechanical properties were measured using three sensors: drop impact, resonance frequency and cyclic deformation. Classification algorithms for quality sorting of fruit based on multi-sensory data were developed and implemented. The algorithms included a dynamic artificial neural network, a back propagation neural network and multiple linear regression. Results indicated that classification based on multiple sensors may be applied in real-time sorting and can improve overall classification. Advanced image processing algorithms were developed for shape determination, bruise and stem identification and general color and color homogeneity. An unsupervised method was developed to extract necessary vision features. The primary advantage of the algorithms developed is their ability to learn to determine the visual quality of almost any fruit or vegetable with no need for specific modification and no a-priori knowledge. Moreover, since there is no assumption as to the type of blemish to be characterized, the algorithm is capable of distinguishing between stems and bruises. This enables sorting of fruit without knowing the fruits' orientation. A new algorithm for on-line clustering of data was developed. The algorithm's adaptability is designed to overcome some of the difficulties encountered when incrementally clustering sparse data and preserves information even with memory constraints. Large quantities of data (many images) of high dimensionality (due to multiple sensors) and new information arriving incrementally (a function of the temporal dynamics of any natural process) can now be processed. Furhermore, since the learning is done on-line, it can be implemented in real-time. The methodology developed was tested to determine external quality of tomatoes based on visual information. An improved model for color sorting which is stable and does not require recalibration for each season was developed for color determination. Excellent classification results were obtained for both color and firmness classification. Results indicted that maturity classification can be obtained using a drop-impact and a vision sensor in order to predict the storability and marketing of harvested fruits. In conclusion: We have been able to define quantitatively the critical parameters in the quality sorting and grading of both fresh market cantaloupes and tomatoes. We have been able to accomplish this using nondestructive measurements and in a manner consistent with expert human grading and in accordance with market acceptance. This research constructed and used large databases of both commodities, for comparative evaluation and optimization of expert system, statistical and/or neural network models. The models developed in this research were successfully tested, and should be applicable to a wide range of other fruits and vegetables. These findings are valuable for the development of on-line grading and sorting of agricultural produce through the incorporation of multiple measurement inputs that rapidly define quality in an automated manner, and in a manner consistent with the human graders and inspectors.