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Academic literature on the topic 'Hétérotopie de bande sous-corticale'
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Journal articles on the topic "Hétérotopie de bande sous-corticale"
Aoun, A., C. Goizet, B. Arveiler, E. Sarrazin, and C. Derancourt. "Incontinentia pigmenti avec hétérotopie sous-corticale en bande." Archives de Pédiatrie 22, no. 1 (January 2015): 109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arcped.2014.10.006.
Full textAoun, A., C. Goizet, B. Arveiler, C. Derancourt, and E. Sarrazin. "Incontinentia pigmenti avec hétérotopie sous-corticale en bande : première observation." Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie 139, no. 12 (December 2012): B180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annder.2012.10.292.
Full textPedron, L., and M. Bubrovszky. "Asymétrie d’activité frontale de la bande alpha et dépression." European Psychiatry 30, S2 (November 2015): S120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.09.230.
Full textSzurhaj, William, Etienne Labyt, Jean‐Louis Bourriez, François Cassini, Luc Defebvre, Jean‐Jacques Hauser, Jean‐Daniel Guieu, and Philippe Derambure. "Variations de l'activité des rythmes EEG en relation à un événement. Application à la physiologie et à la pathologie du mouvement." Epileptic Disorders 3, SP1 (December 2001). http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/j.1950-6945.2001.tb00412.x.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Hétérotopie de bande sous-corticale"
Martineau, Fanny. "Arrêt précoce de la migration neuronale corticale : conséquences cellulaires et comportementales." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0456.
Full textRadial migration is one of the key processes leading to the formation of a six-layered cortex in mammals. Understanding this mechanism is necessary to get a better grasp of cortical development. During my PhD, I studied neuronal migration of pyramidal neurons from two different points of views. The 1st part is related to fundamental biology and assesses how laminar misplacement resulting from migration failure influences neuronal maturation. The 2nd one focuses on pathology by investigating a migration disorder, subcortical band heterotopia, and associated cognitive deficits. For both projects, neuronal migration was impaired in rat through in utero knockdown (KD) of doublecortin (Dcx), a major effector of cortical migration. Misplaced neurons display an abnormal orientation, a simplified dendritic arbor, a decreased spinogenesis and morpho-functional alterations of glutamatergic synaptogenesis. Moreover, our study shows that Dcx plays a role in dendritogenesis, in shaping spine morphology and in fine-tuning glutamatergic synaptogenesis. Finally, we used Dcx-KD rats as an animal model of subcortical band heterotopia to assess how migration failure would impact cortical functions. The behavioral characterization carried out through a wide range of tests did not bring to light any major shortcoming regarding motor, somatosensory or cognitive abilities in these animals. Therefore, although Dcx-KD rats display a SBH and develop spontaneous seizures, it does not seem to recapitulate cognitive deficits found in patients
Petit, Ludovic. "Rôles des neurones ectopiques et normotopiques dans la genèse des crises dans les hétérotopies en bandes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4007.
Full textSubcortical Band Heterotopia (SBH) is a cortical malformation formed when neocortical neurons prematurely stop their migration in the white matter, forming a heterotopic band below the normotopic cortex, and is generally associated with intractable epilepsy. Although it is clear that the band heterotopia and the overlying cortex both contribute to creating an abnormal circuit prone to generate epileptic discharges, it is less understood which part of this circuitry is the most critical. Here, we sought to identify the origin of epileptiform activity in a targeted genetic model of SBH in rats.Rats with SBH were generated by knocking‐down the Dcx gene into neocortical progenitors of rat embryos. Origin, spatial extent and laminar profile of bicuculline‐induced interictal‐like activity on neocortical slices were analyzed by using extracellular recordings from 60‐channels microelectrode arrays. Susceptibility to pentylenetetrazole‐induced seizures was assessed by electrocorticography in head‐restrained nonanaesthetized rats. We show that the band heterotopia does not constitute a primary origin for interictal‐like epileptiform activity in vitro and is dispensable for generating induced seizures in vivo. Further, we report that most interictal‐like discharges originating in the overlying cortex secondarily propagates to the band heterotopia. Importantly, we found that in vivo suppression of neuronal excitability in SBH does not alter the higher propensity of Dcx‐KD rats to display seizures. These results suggest a major role of the normotopic cortex over the band heterotopia in generating interictal epileptiform activity and seizures in brains with SBH
Zaidi, Donia. "Étude des mécanismes pathogéniques dépendants des microtubules dans les progéniteurs neuronaux conduisant aux malformations corticales." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS159.pdf.
Full textIn mammals, cortical development is a finely regulated process that leads to the formation of a functional cortex. Apical radial glial cells (RG) are key progenitor cells du ring cortical development, capable of self-renewal or neuronal generation, with a soma restricted to the ventricular zone (VZ) in rodents. Their nucleus migrates according to the phases of the cell cycle by a process called interkinetic nuclear migration (INM). RG have a bipolar shape, with a long basal process supporting neuronal migration and a short apical process facing the ventricle where a primary cilium (PC), anchored to a modified centrosome (‘basal body’), emerges and detects molecules present in the embryonic cerebrospinal fluid. Genetic mutations can alter the function of RG, affecting cortical development and leading to cortical malformations. These malformations are associated in patients with epilepsy, intellectual disabilities and also neuropsychiatric disorders. It is therefore important to determine how the molecular and cellular processes involving RG can be disrupted by genetic mutations. Thus, my thesis work focused on the study of mutations affecting two different genes in the context of two rare cortical malformations. First, the gene encoding for the motor protein dynein heavy chain (DYNC1H1) was found mutated in patients with a complex cortical malformation associated with microcephaly (small brain) and dysgyria (gyri defects). We generated a Knock-In (KI) mouse model for this gene, reproducing a missense mutation found in a patient. During my thesis, I studied RG at mid-corticogenesis of this KI model and, by comparing it with a mouse model mutant for the same gene but leading to peripheral neuropathies, we showed RG alterations specific to the KI model. We found abnormalities in INM, cell cycle and neuronal migration. Also, defects of key organelles, such as mitochondria and Golgi apparatus were identified in progenitors and are specific in the cortical malformation KI model. Secondly, subcortical heterotopia (SH) is a cortical malformation characterized by the abnormal presence of neurons in the white matter. Mutations in the gene coding for EML1 (Echinoderm microtubule associated protein like 1) were identified in certain SH patients. When Eml1 is mutated in mice, numerous RG are found in basal positions of the cortical wall outside the VZ, suggesting that they detach apically. Within the apical process, abnormal PC formation and basal bodies were described. By studying a new mutant mouse model where Eml1 is inactivated, my work focused on subcellular and cellular alterations of RG to understand the pathogenic mechanisms leading to their detachment and thus to SH formation. In interphase RG, focusing on mechanisms upstream of PC formation, I analyzed centrosomes and determined that their structure is affected in patient and mouse mutant cells, and these defects are rescued by stabilizing microtubules. Recruitment of key centrosomal proteins is altered early in development, and the centrosomal protein Cep170 was found to be a specific interacting partner of EML1, this interaction being lost when EML1 carries a patient mutation. Because centrosomes and cilia are intimately linked to the cell cycle, I proceeded to analyze the RG cell cycle and identified alterations in cell cycle kinetics during early and mid-development. Single-cell RNA sequencing at two key developmental stages identified deregulations in cell cycle gene expression. Abnormal RG detachment appears greater in early compared to mid-development, suggesting that centrosomal and cell cycle alterations at this stage may be upstream of abnormal RG detachment. My thesis work thus brings new elements essential to the understanding of the altered mechanisms in neural progenitors related to rare cortical malformations
Bizzotto, Sara. "Eml1 in radial glial progenitors during cortical development : the neurodevelopmental role of a protein mutated in subcortical heterotopia in mouse and human." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066118.
Full textThe cerebral cortex develops through genetically regulated processes of cellular proliferation, neurogenesis, migration and differentiation. Cortical malformations represent a spectrum of heterogeneous disorders due to abnormalities in these steps, and associated with epilepsy and intellectual disability. We studied the HeCo (heterotopic cortex) mutant mouse, which exhibits bilateral subcortical band heterotopia (SBH), characterized by many aberrantly positioned neurons in the white matter. We found that Eml1 (Echinoderm Microtubule-associated protein-Like 1) is mutated in these mice. Screening of EML1 in heterotopia patients identified mutations giving rise to a severe and rare form of atypical heterotopia. In HeCo embryonic brains, progenitors were identified outside the normal proliferative ventricular zone (VZ), representing a novel cause of this disorder. We studied Eml1 function in radial glial progenitors (RGCs), which are important during corticogenesis generating other subtypes of progenitors and post-mitotic neurons, and serving as guides for migrating neurons. We showed that Eml1 localizes to the mitotic spindle where it might regulate microtubule dynamics. My data suggest a role in the establishment of the steady state metaphase spindle length. Indeed, HeCo RGCs in the VZ showed a perturbed spindle length during corticogenesis, and this may represent one of the primary mechanisms leading to abnormal progenitor behavior. I also analyzed cell number and metaphase cell size at the apical side of the VZ, where mitosis occurs. I thus propose new mechanisms governing normal and pathological VZ progenitor organization and function during cortical development
Uzquiano, López Ana. "Progenitor cell mechanisms contributing to cortical malformations : studying the role of the heterotopia gene Eml1/EML1 in radial glia." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS392.pdf.
Full textCerebral cortical development is a finely regulated process, depending on diverse progenitor cells. Abnormal behavior of the latter can give rise to cortical malformations. Mutations in Eml1/EML1 were identified in the HeCo mouse, as well as in three families presenting severe subcortical heterotopia (SH). SH is characterized by the presence of mislocalized neurons in the white matter. At early stages of corticogenesis, abnormally positioned apical radial glia progenitors (aRG) were found cycling outside the proliferative ventricular zone (VZ) in the HeCo cortical wall. I focused my research on characterizing aRG in the VZ to assess why some cells leave this region and thus to further understand SH mechanisms. Combining confocal and electron microscopy (EM), I uncovered abnormalities of centrosomes and primary cilia in Eml1-mutant aRGs: primary cilia are shorter, and often remain basally oriented within vesicles. Searching for Eml1-interacting partners using mass spectrometry (MS), combined with exome sequencing of SH patient DNAs, allowed us to identify a ciliary Eml1-interacting partner, RPGRIP1L, showing mutations in a SH patient. Gene ontology analyses of MS data pointed to Golgi apparatus and protein transport as enriched categories. Indeed, Golgi abnormalities were identified in HeCo aRGs. Altogether, these data indicate that the Golgi-to-primary cilium axis is perturbed in Eml1mutant conditions, pointing to new intracellular pathways involved in severe neurodevelopmental disorders
Bizzotto, Sara. "Eml1 in radial glial progenitors during cortical development : the neurodevelopmental role of a protein mutated in subcortical heterotopia in mouse and human." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066118.
Full textThe cerebral cortex develops through genetically regulated processes of cellular proliferation, neurogenesis, migration and differentiation. Cortical malformations represent a spectrum of heterogeneous disorders due to abnormalities in these steps, and associated with epilepsy and intellectual disability. We studied the HeCo (heterotopic cortex) mutant mouse, which exhibits bilateral subcortical band heterotopia (SBH), characterized by many aberrantly positioned neurons in the white matter. We found that Eml1 (Echinoderm Microtubule-associated protein-Like 1) is mutated in these mice. Screening of EML1 in heterotopia patients identified mutations giving rise to a severe and rare form of atypical heterotopia. In HeCo embryonic brains, progenitors were identified outside the normal proliferative ventricular zone (VZ), representing a novel cause of this disorder. We studied Eml1 function in radial glial progenitors (RGCs), which are important during corticogenesis generating other subtypes of progenitors and post-mitotic neurons, and serving as guides for migrating neurons. We showed that Eml1 localizes to the mitotic spindle where it might regulate microtubule dynamics. My data suggest a role in the establishment of the steady state metaphase spindle length. Indeed, HeCo RGCs in the VZ showed a perturbed spindle length during corticogenesis, and this may represent one of the primary mechanisms leading to abnormal progenitor behavior. I also analyzed cell number and metaphase cell size at the apical side of the VZ, where mitosis occurs. I thus propose new mechanisms governing normal and pathological VZ progenitor organization and function during cortical development