Journal articles on the topic 'Heterosexual partnership'
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1
Lindblade, K., B. Foxman, and J. S. Koopman. "Heterosexual Partnership Characteristics of University Women." International Journal of STD & AIDS 5, no. 1 (January 1994): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095646249400500109.
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In order to assess the individual risk of acquiring sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), both characteristics of the partnership and the individual should be considered. Partnership characteristics have been used as risk markers for STD transmission but their distribution has not been well described. Using a self-administered questionnaire, we collected information on the partnership characteristics of the 4 most recent sexual partners of the members of 9 university women's social organizations at the University of Michigan. Respondents were asked to report the setting of the first meeting of partners, the length of the presexual relationship, condom use at the first sexual encounter and the total number of sexual encounters within that partnership. We graphically analyse changes in these partnership characteristics with respect to partnership order. As the number of sexual partners increased the women in this population were more likely to report partnership characteristics associated with an increased risk of acquiring an STD. In addition, partnership characteristics varied with the order of the partnership, implying that no single partnership is representative of all others.
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Doan, Long, Annalise Loehr, and Lisa R. Miller. "Formal Rights and Informal Privileges for Same-Sex Couples." American Sociological Review 79, no. 6 (November 19, 2014): 1172–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122414555886.
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Attitudes toward gay rights have liberalized over the past few decades, but scholars know less about the extent to which individuals in the United States exhibit subtle forms of prejudice toward lesbians and gays. To help address this issue, we offer a conceptualization of formal rights and informal privileges. Using original data from a nationally representative survey experiment, we examine whether people distinguish between formal rights (e.g., partnership benefits) and informal privileges (e.g., public displays of affection) in their attitudes toward same-sex couples. Results show that heterosexuals are as willing to extend formal rights to same-sex couples as they are to unmarried heterosexual couples. However, they are less willing to grant informal privileges. Lesbians and gays are more willing to extend formal rights to same-sex couples, but they too are sometimes more supportive of informal privileges for heterosexual couples. We also find that heterosexuals’ attitudes toward marriage more closely align with their attitudes toward informal privileges than formal rights, whereas lesbians and gays view marriage similarly to both formal rights and informal privileges. Our findings highlight the need to examine multiple dimensions of sexual prejudice to help understand how informal types of prejudice persist as minority groups receive formal rights.
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Aicken, Catherine RH, Sonali Wayal, Paula Blomquist, Stella Fabiane, Makeda Gerressu, Gwenda Hughes, and Catherine H. Mercer. "Ethnic variations in sexual partnerships and mixing, and their association with STI diagnosis: findings from a cross-sectional biobehavioural survey of attendees of sexual health clinics across England." Sexually Transmitted Infections 96, no. 4 (August 17, 2019): 283–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2018-053739.
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ObjectivesEthnic differences in partnership types and sexual mixing patterns may contribute to elevated STI diagnosis rates among England’s Black Caribbean (BC) population. We examined the differences between BC and White British/Irish (WBI) sexual health clinic (SHC) attendees’ reported partnerships and sexual mixing, and whether these differences could explain ethnic inequalities in STI, focusing on attendees reporting only opposite-sex partners (past year).MethodsWe surveyed attendees at 16 SHCs across England (May to September 2016), and linked their survey responses to routinely collected data on diagnoses of bacterial STI or trichomoniasis ±6 weeks of clinic attendance (‘acute STI’). Behaviourally-heterosexual BC and WBI attendees (n=1790) reported details about their ≤3 most recent opposite-sex partners (past 3 months, n=2503). We compared BC and WBI attendees’ reported partnerships and mixing, in gender-stratified analyses, and used multivariable logistic regression to examine whether they independently explained differences in acute STI.ResultsWe observed differences by ethnic group. BC women’s partnerships were more likely than WBI women’s partnerships to involve age-mixing (≥5 years age difference; 31.6% vs 25.5% partnerships, p=0.013); BC men’s partnerships were more often ‘uncommitted regular’ (35.4% vs 20.7%) and less often casual (38.5% vs 53.1%) than WBI men’s partnerships (p<0.001). Acute STI was higher among BC women than WBI women (OR: 2.29, 95% CI 1.24 to 4.21), with no difference among men. This difference was unaffected by partnerships and mixing: BC women compared with WBI women adjusted OR: 2.31 (95% CI 1.30 to 4.09) after adjusting for age and partner numbers; 2.15 (95% CI 1.07 to 4.31) after additionally adjusting for age-mixing, ethnic-mixing and recent partnership type(s).ConclusionWe found that differences in sexual partnerships and mixing do not appear to explain elevated risk of acute STI diagnosis among behaviourally-heterosexual BC women SHC attendees, but this may reflect the measures used. Better characterisation of ‘high transmission networks’ is needed, to improve our understanding of influences beyond the individual level, as part of endeavours to reduce population-level STI transmission.
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Crookston, Shara. ""Hot-for-Teacher"." Girlhood Studies 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ghs.2020.130108.
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In this article I explore the highly problematic but wildly acclaimed romantic relationship between Aria Montgomery, a high school junior, and her English teacher Ezra Fitz in the television series Pretty Little Liars. This partnership normalizes gendered power imbalances often common to heterosexual partnerships, yet fervent fans have supported the duo enthusiastically, dubbing the couple #Ezria in blogs and social media. As we know, much research shows that along with unintended pregnancy, young girls who are victims of child sexual abuse by adult males suffer from depression. These outcomes are not shown in Pretty Little Liars: the series ends with Aria marrying her teacher in an example of a happily-ever- after ending, thereby reinforcing postfeminist ideas that Aria’s self-efficacy has never been compromised. I argue that in the era of #Metoo, the exploration of power in heterosexual romantic relationships on television shows aimed at adolescent girl audiences is a site for critical analysis.
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Tu, Yangjun, Yaguang Chen, Yi Guo, Zhi Yang, and Xin Jiang. "Interpersonal Trust and Self-Perception of Heterosexual Charm Moderate Potential for Betraying One's Romantic Partner." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 43, no. 6 (July 17, 2015): 909–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2015.43.6.909.
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We examined whether or not interpersonal trust and self-perception of one's heterosexual charm moderated the potential to betray one's romantic partner. To enable free expression, we asked college students (N = 271) to imagine the possibility of a relationship breakup occurring between couples described in 4 vignettes. The results showed that the men believed that couples were more likely to break up when the woman in the partnership experienced a dramatic change for the worse in her physical appearance, but the women thought that couples were more likely to break up when the man in the partnership experienced a dramatic worsening of his economic status. Interpersonal trust and self-perception of heterosexual charm more strongly affected the perception of the male participants that a couple would break up when there was a change for the worse in the physical appearance of the woman partner, and these 2 factors also strongly affected the perception of the female participants that a couple would break up when there was a dramatic worsening of the economic status of the man in the partnership.
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Kostić, Svetislav. "The consitutional obligation of an identical tax treatment of marriage, common law partnerships and same-sex partnerships in the Republic of Serbia." Pravni zapisi 13, no. 1 (2022): 212–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/pravzap0-37467.
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In this paper the author focuses on the question of the tax treatment of same-sex partnerships in comparison to the treatment provided for heterosexual marriages and common law partnerships (extramarital unions) in the Serbian law. Namely, different treatment of certain social phenomena can represent a prohibited form of discrimination only under the condition that we show that the observed phenomena are comparable, precisely from the view point of the object of protection provided by the prohibition of discrimination. The problem we face is that our understanding of certain phenomena has changed over time, as best illustrated by the fact that Aristotle, who introduced the concept of discrimination, would have found it difficult to understand the postulate that all people are equal in their rights and obligations before the law. The author starts from the premise that the tax treatment of same-sex partnerships should be viewed through the perspective of the principle of equality in tax law, the principle contained in Article 91, para. 2 of the Serbian Constitution, which stipulates that the obligation to pay taxes and other duties shall be general and based on the economic power of taxpayers. Therefore, if a same-sex union contains the same aspects that affect the economic power of taxpayers, aspects that exist in the case of heterosexual marriage and extramarital union, then the Serbian Constitution requires us to provide it with equal tax treatment resulting from living in a heterosexual partnership. In this way the author opens up the space for a critical review of the tax norms in the 2021 Draft Law on Same-Sex Partnerships, i.e. for proposing solutions that would enable easier, and above all more sustainable key goal the law aspires to, which is to eliminate discrimination of the same-sex partnerships in the Serbian legal system.
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Richards, J. E., J. M. Risser, P. M. Padgett, H. U. Rehman, M. L. Wolverton, and R. R. Arafat. "Condom use among high-risk heterosexual women with concurrent sexual partnerships, Houston, Texas, USA." International Journal of STD & AIDS 19, no. 11 (November 2008): 768–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/ijsa.2008.008076.
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Concurrent sexual partnerships allow for enhanced transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Condom use dynamics in this context may be an important factor for transmission of HIV. We conducted a cross-sectional study to describe the frequency of concurrency among high-risk heterosexual women in Houston, Texas and determine the factors associated with condom use. A total of 553 participants were recruited using respondent-driven sampling and completed an anonymous questionnaire; 256 (49%) were identified as having a concurrent partnership. The prevalence of condom use at last sexual encounter was 26%. Women were significantly more likely to use condoms if their sexual encounter was with a casual partner and if alcohol and/or drugs were not used. The high prevalence of concurrent partnerships suggests the presence of a dense sexual network which may enable the rapid spread of STIs and HIV. The risk of transmission may be additionally increased due to the low prevalence of condom use.
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Kovaček Stanić, Gordana. "Marriage and Partnership in Serbian Family Law : Legal Consequences." Law, Identity and Values 1, no. 1 (2021): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.55073/2021.1.71-84.
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In this paper the author analyses the family law consequences of family law unions in Serbia. Two types of family law unions are regulated: marriage and heterosexual non-marital cohabitation. Same-sex union is not regulated at present, but the draft law is under preparation. The author analyses consequences of: personal relations, property relations, nuptial contract, family home, maintenance and exercise of parental rights.
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Smith, Bradley Shaun, and JA Robbie Robinson. "An Embarrassment of Riches or a Profusion of Confusion An Evaluation of the Continued Existence of the Civil Union Act of 2006 in the Light of Prospective Domestic Partnerships Legislation in South Africa." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 13, no. 2 (June 15, 2017): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2010/v13i2a2640.
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As it stands, South African family law currently holds that the Marriage Act 25 of 1961 applies exclusively to the solemnisation of heterosexual civil marriages while same-sex couples have no choice but to formalise their relationships in terms of the Civil Union Act 17 of 2006. In addition, the legal position is complicated by the fact that the latter Act not only allows both heterosexual and homosexual couples to conclude a civil union, but also provides that a civil union may take the form of either a marriage or a civil partnership, both of which enjoy the same legal recognition as, and give rise to the same legal consequences, as a civil marriage under the Marriage Act. In January 2008, a draft Domestic Partnerships Bill saw the light of day, the potential enactment of which casts significant doubt as to whether the prevailing framework should be retained. With this potential development in mind, this paper considers the desirability of maintaining the "separate but equal" status quo by: (a) comparing the South African Law Reform Commission's pre-Civil Union Act proposals with the approach eventually adopted by the legislature; (b) comparing and contrasting the post-Civil Union Act position in South Africa with that of an established and well-ordered jurisdiction such as the Netherlands and, in the light hereof, considering the cases for and against repealing the Civil Union Act; and (c) by considering the desirability and practicality of the civil partnership's potential co-existence with the Domestic Partnerships Bill (as modified in accordance with a recent study). A proposal is made that could provide a less complex and better streamlined family law dispensation in South Africa.
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Pail, Christa. "Austrian Constitutional Court Somewhere under the Rainbow: Marriage Equality and the Role of the Austrian Constitutional Court." ICL Journal 12, no. 2 (June 26, 2018): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/icl-2018-0026.
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Abstract In 2010, Austria introduced the Registered Partnership as the only form of legal recognition for same-sex couples while marriage is limited to heterosexual couples. In a recent judgment, the Austrian Constitutional Court decided this limitation to be unconstitutional. Due to numerous legal changes in the last years, the legal framework governing registered partnerships and marriage became nearly identical. By upholding different terms for the same kind of relationship, same-sex partners are presented unequal to different-sex couples and forced to show their sexual orientation even in situations where sexual orientation should be irrelevant. This puts them at risk of discrimination. The Court considers this as a violation of the principle of equality.
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KASIANZUK, MAKSYM, SVIATOSLAV SHEREMET, and OLESIA TROFYMENKO. "Status of same-sex partnerships in Ukraine." Sociology: Theory, Methods, Marketing, stmm 2019 (3) (October 7, 2020): 143–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/sociology2020.03.143.
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The proposed article aims to summarize available quantitative and qualitative data on same-sex partnerships in Ukraine, including data on the presence of children in such partnerships, over the last twenty years (1999–2018). The increasing number of publications on various aspects of the existence of same-sex couples in English demonstrates the relevance of the topic. The information available in Ukraine is the richest in comparison with other post-Soviet countries of the Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia region. At the same time, LGBT families remain out of the academic community in Ukraine, and the data collected are mostly contained in the so-called "gray literature" (mainly research reports by public organizations), and are not introduced into scientific circulation. It is shown that, depending on the composition of the sample and the definition of same-sex partnership used by the researchers, this percentage most often falls within the range of 16–28% of surveyed homosexual and bisexual men residing in the capital and regional centers of Ukraine. Quantitative information on women partnerships is extremely limited (one survey of a small sample), and there is no quantitative data for the couples, where one or both partners are transgenders. Quantitative information on children in same-sex partnerships is also very limited, and the data in the literature (with all the methodological disadvantages indicated) ranges from 14% to 29% of LGB, which have children, but it is unknown whether these children were raised in same-sex couples. With regard to quality information, the situation is different — a little bit more is known about the status of women and partly transgender partnerships (including the issue of children in such families) than about male couples. Separate data demonstrates a significant similarity in the same-sex partnership structure to the typical heterosexual egalitarian family model (two partners and their children), taking into account more egalitarian marriage roles, lack of formal status, and associated socio-economic risks. Further research (including national level) should be based on a common understanding of what constitutes “same-sex partnership”, what are the characteristics of same-sex partnership (civil, family), what characteristics of civil partnership turn it into a“family”, etc.
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Rosenfeld, Michael J., and Reuben J. Thomas. "Searching for a Mate." American Sociological Review 77, no. 4 (June 13, 2012): 523–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122412448050.
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This article explores how the efficiency of Internet search is changing the way Americans find romantic partners. We use a new data source, the How Couples Meet and Stay Together survey. Results show that for 60 years, family and grade school have been steadily declining in their influence over the dating market. In the past 15 years, the rise of the Internet has partly displaced not only family and school, but also neighborhood, friends, and the workplace as venues for meeting partners. The Internet increasingly allows Americans to meet and form relationships with perfect strangers, that is, people with whom they had no previous social tie. Individuals who face a thin market for potential partners, such as gays, lesbians, and middle-aged heterosexuals, are especially likely to meet partners online. One result of the increasing importance of the Internet in meeting partners is that adults with Internet access at home are substantially more likely to have partners, even after controlling for other factors. Partnership rate has increased during the Internet era (consistent with Internet efficiency of search) for same-sex couples, but the heterosexual partnership rate has been flat.
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Craig, Lyn, and Brendan Churchill. "Unpaid Work and Care During COVID-19: Subjective Experiences of Same-Sex Couples and Single Mothers in Australia." Gender & Society 35, no. 2 (March 19, 2021): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08912432211001303.
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This paper draws on data from Work and Care During COVID-19, an online survey of Australians during pandemic lockdown in May 2020 (n = 2,722). It focuses on how subsamples of lesbian, gay, and bisexual mothers and fathers in couples (n = 280) and single mothers (n = 480) subjectively experienced unpaid work and care during lockdown compared with heterosexual mothers and fathers in couples, and with partnered mothers, respectively. During the pandemic, nonheterosexual fathers’ subjective reports were less negative than those of their heterosexual counterparts, but differences between heterosexual and lesbian/bisexual mothers were more mixed. Unlike their partnered counterparts, more single mothers reported feeling satisfied than before with their balance of paid and unpaid work and how they spent their time overall during the pandemic, perhaps because they avoided partnership conflicts and particularly benefited from relaxed commuting and child care deadlines.
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Tărchilă, Petru. "THE INSTITUTION OF THE CIVIL PARTNERSHIP." Agora International Journal of Juridical Sciences 11, no. 1 (September 24, 2017): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/aijjs.v11i1.3016.
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Currently, within the territory of 21-member states of the European Union, live couples in civil partnership, couples which form families outside the judicial institution of marriage. In Romania as well, around 4% of couples live in a type of civil partnership popularly named “concubinage” and, from their perspective, they form a family, they have children who are recognized by both parents and the patrimonial goods earned throughout their cohabitation represent common property, in a condominium. Although the initiative of the “civil partnership” has been repeatedly proposed, the Romanian Parliament rejected the idea of its judicial regulation, and recently, perhaps due to the legislative harmonization of this aspect with EU law, the Romanian Senate will debate a project of normative act in this domain. The legislative initiative would approve the unit of will of two people who willingly decide to cohabitate, regardless of whether the couples are made up of heterosexual couples or couples made up of people of the same sex.
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Sohail, Maira, Dustin M. Long, D. Scott Batey, Michael J. Mugavero, Akinyemi I. Ojesina, and Emily B. Levitan. "Partnership status and time to viral suppression and sustained viral suppression among newly diagnosed heterosexual people with HIV." International Journal of STD & AIDS 33, no. 4 (January 27, 2022): 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09564624211065227.
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Background Previous studies examining the role of partnership on HIV care outcomes have primarily focused on the men who have sex with men population in the United States, leaving a gap in the literature on this phenomenon among the heterosexual persons with HIV (PWH). This study examined association between partnership around diagnosis (married, unmarried-partnered, and un-partnered) with time to viral suppression (TVS) and sustained viral suppression (SVS) in newly diagnosed heterosexual PWH from a HIV clinic in Birmingham, Alabama. Methods TVS [time to first viral load (VL) <200 copies/ml] was measured using VLs from 12 months following diagnosis using Kaplan–Meier and proportional hazard model for interval censoring ( n=153) to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). SVS was measured using VLs for 12 months after first VS using logistic regression model ( n=137) to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. Models were adjusted for confounding demographics and clinical characteristics. Results The study population comprised of 77% Black, 57% male, and 46% aged 31–49 years; 24% were married, 35% unmarried-partnered, and 41% un-partnered. The median TVS (days) was 57 for married, 73 for unmarried-partnered, and 75 for un-partnered. Compared to un-partnered individuals, unmarried-partnered had similar, whereas married had 69% higher [HR (95% CI): 1.69 (1.02, 2.78)] hazard of TVS. Compared to un-partnered, unmarried-partnered and married individuals had similar odds of achieving SVS. Conclusion Married, newly diagnosed, heterosexual PWH had faster TVS than un-partnered individuals suggesting that intimate partners may help achieve HIV care goals.
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Bandalović, Gorana, Zorana Šuljug Vučica, and Ines Uvodić. "ATTITUDES TOWARDS SAME-SEX PARTNERSHIP: A SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN SPLIT (CROATIA)." Proceedings of CBU in Social Sciences 2 (October 24, 2021): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/pss.v2.199.
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One of the current dilemmas of modern society is how to look at homosexuals, same-sex partners, forming same-sex partnerships, and raising children in such communities. Homosexuals are classified as sexual minorities and are often excluded from society, which is not new because members of sexual minorities have long been accompanied by numerous persecutions and repressions. This paper aims to examine the attitudes of young people towards homosexuality and same-sex partnership. The paper presents the results of the research conducted in 2019 using a survey method on a sample of 303 respondents aged 15 to 35 years. The results show that most young people do not consider homosexuality to be a disease and approach LGBT people in the same way as the rest of society, not paying attention to someone's sexual orientation. Respondents are predominantly open to the possibility of marriage between same-sex partners while they to a lesser extent agree with the adoption and upbringing of children by same-sex partners. They believe that there is a difference in the upbringing of children raised by same-sex partners from children raised by heterosexual partners, which can be justified by the discrimination and violence to which children of same-sex partners are exposed to. Also, young people think that homosexual parents can be good parents and provide their children with everything they need and that it is better for children to grow up in same-sex families than in homes for abandoned children. Although they state that such communities are almost equal to heterosexual communities, they are aware of their exposure to social exclusion.
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Blair, Cherie, Ryan Colby Passaro, Eddy R. Segura, Jordan E. Lake, Amaya G. Perez-Brumer, Jorge Sanchez, Javier R. Lama, and Jesse L. Clark. "Sexual network characteristics of men who have sex with men with syphilis and/or gonorrhoea/chlamydia in Lima, Peru: network patterns as roadmaps for STI prevention interventions." Sexually Transmitted Infections 95, no. 5 (April 22, 2019): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2018-053865.
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ObjectiveWhile men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by Peru’s overlapping HIV and STI epidemics, there are few data on how partnership-level and network-level factors affect STI transmission in Peru. We explored partnership-level and network-level factors associated with gonorrhoea/chlamydia (Neisseria gonorrhoeae and/or Chlamydia trachomatis (NG/CT)) and/or syphilis infection among MSM in Peru.MethodsWe present the results of a cross-sectional secondary analysis of MSM (n=898) tested for syphilis and NG/CT infection as part of the screening process for two STI control trials in Lima, Peru. Participants completed questionnaires on demographics, sexual identity and role, characteristics of their three most recent sexual partners (partner sexual orientation, gender, role, partnership type, partner-specific sexual acts) and 30-day sexual network characteristics (number of sexual partners, partnership types, frequency of anal/vaginal intercourse). Participants were tested for syphilis and urethral, rectal and oropharyngeal NG/CT. Differences in network characteristics were analysed with χ2 and Kruskal-Wallis tests.ResultsApproximately 38.9% of participants had a new STI diagnosis (syphilis (rapid plasma reagin ≥16): 10.6%; NG/CT: 22.9%; syphilis-NG/CT coinfection: 5.4%). Condomless anal intercourse (CAI) was not significantly associated with an STI diagnosis. Gay-identified participants with exclusively homosexual networks had a higher prevalence of STIs (47.4%) than gay-identified MSM with only heterosexual/bisexual partners (34.6%, p=0.04), despite reporting fewer sexual partners (any partners: 2, 1–4 vs 3, 2–6; p=0.001; casual partners: 1, 0–3 vs 2, 1–4; p=0.001) and more stable partnerships (1, 0–1 vs 0, 0–1; p=0.003) in the last month.ConclusionsNetwork size and the number of casual sexual partners were associated with NG/CT infection among MSM in Peru. Despite reporting fewer sexual risk behaviours (smaller network size, more stable partnerships, less CAI), MSM with homosexual-only sexual networks had a higher prevalence of NG/CT and syphilis. These findings suggest network composition among MSM in Peru plays an important role in the risk for STI acquisition.
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Mrsevic, Zorica. "Same sex families and children." Stanovnistvo 47, no. 1 (2009): 23–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv0901023m.
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Introduction comprises the information on two main forms of same sex families, civic partnership (same sex partnership) and same sex marriage. Countries and various status modalities of legal regulations are mentioned. The main part of the text is dedicated to presentation of the findings of the most recent research on various aspects regarding children of same sex partnerships. It comprises presentations grouped in four main chapters: acceptance of same sex partnerships, acceptance of legal recognition of the same sex partnerships, family plans of homosexual teenagers, and raising children within and by the same sex partners. Also the real life cases mirroring legal changes through their life destinies are presented, such is e.g. the Irish way to legalization of the same sex partnerships. In addition, a love story of two women crowned by giving birth of their four children is mentioned. Reasons against and negative reactions the author puts under the title Homophobia. In the Concluding remarks, the author presents the most recent examples of legal changes happened in Norway, Ecuador, and in the American states of California and Connecticut. It was also stated that in European countries of low birth rate, the same sex families are inevitably identified as one of demographically valuable source of creating and raising children, which is worthy to be supported, rather than being hindered without reason and discriminated. Although different than a model of heterosexual family, same sex partnerships neither are harrowing to traditional family values, nor reflex of any kind of promiscuous, antisocial behavior, avoidance of parenthood, and negation of family. Quite opposite, these families are an outcome of endeavors of homosexuals not to be deprived of family, parenthood and all of other values of stabile, monogamous, emotional/sexual socially accepted and legally recognized and regulated conventional family. .
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Boroojeni, Asma Azizi, Jeremy Dewar, Tong Wu, and James M. Hyman. "Generating bipartite networks with a prescribed joint degree distribution." Journal of Complex Networks 5, no. 6 (June 27, 2017): 839–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/comnet/cnx014.
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Abstract We describe a class of new algorithms to construct bipartite networks that preserves a prescribed degree and joint-degree (degree–degree) distribution of the nodes. Bipartite networks are graphs that can represent real-world interactions between two disjoint sets, such as actor–movie networks, author–article networks, co-occurrence networks and heterosexual partnership networks. Often there is a strong correlation between the degree of a node and the degrees of the neighbours of that node that must be preserved when generating a network that reflects the structure of the underling system. Our bipartite $2K$ ($B2K$) algorithms generate an ensemble of networks that preserve prescribed degree sequences for the two disjoint set of nodes in the bipartite network, and the joint-degree distribution that is the distribution of the degrees of all neighbours of nodes with the same degree. We illustrate the effectiveness of the algorithms on a romance network using the NetworkX software environment to compare other properties of a target network that are not directly enforced by the $B2K$ algorithms. We observe that when average degree of nodes is low, as is the case for romance and heterosexual partnership networks, then the $B2K$ networks tend to preserve additional properties, such as the cluster coefficients, than algorithms that do not preserve the joint-degree distribution of the original network.
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Matthews, Elise J., and Michel Desjardins. "Remaking Our Identities." Family Journal 25, no. 1 (December 8, 2016): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1066480716679643.
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Previous qualitative research findings have discussed motivations, decision-making, stigma, and resistance to pronatalism among voluntarily childless (VC) men and women. The current study placed such elements of the lifeworlds of VC individuals and dyads within the context of a life story of (re)making of the VC identity. Twelve life history and semistructured interviews with six VC men and women in three heterosexual couples in Canada were analyzed using thematic analysis. The VC choice was expressed as a decision to accept one’s essential voluntary childlessness. The construction of the VC participants’ bodies through their stories entailed episodes of conflict and resistance central to gendered experiences. We propose that this pattern of themes, in a pronatalist sociocultural context, points to a remaking of the figure of an extraordinary person from childhood, through to their current partnership, and into the future. These findings have implications for practitioners working with VC couples as they construct their identities, partnerships, reproductive decisions, life trajectories, and life projects.
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Redman, Shane M. "Effects of Same-Sex Legislation on Attitudes toward Homosexuality." Political Research Quarterly 71, no. 3 (January 19, 2018): 628–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1065912917753077.
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Despite the long historical battle of members of the gay and lesbian community to gain equal rights as their heterosexual counterparts, the adoption of public policies at the national level that recognize same-sex partnerships and marriages is a relatively recent political development across the globe. Consequently, we know little about whether, and how, this type of legislation affects public attitudes toward homosexuality. This study examines the relationship between same-sex couple legislation and public opinion using data from the World Values Survey from the years 1989 to 2014. While previous studies examining this relationship in the European context have found a positive relationship, the results presented in this paper paint a less optimistic picture of the impacts that same-sex couple legislation has on attitudes toward homosexuality. Specifically, I find that instead of same-sex partnership legislation increasing favorable attitudes across the entire population, it only affects individuals who are already generally supportive of homosexuality. Implications for gay and lesbian rights are discussed.
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Bramwell, Jack, and Sarah Seymour-Smith. "‘I think much of the reason I can accept this relationship is because I am able to see her as a woman’: A discursive analysis of transgender partnership ‘coming to terms’ talk in an online forum." Social Psychological Review 14, no. 2 (2012): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsspr.2012.14.2.3.
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The heterosexual romantic partnership offers a pivotal means through which many transgendered people are avowed and accepted within their transitioned sex. Yet despite the heteronormative status of such relationships it is unclear what complications may exist regarding the avowal of transgender legitimacy given that transitioning sex is counter-intuitive to notions of heteronormativity. Using discursive psychology, we examined a ‘coming to terms’ account from a heterosexual (non-transitioning) male in an online forum who was currently involved with a male-to-female transgendered woman. We found that ‘coming to terms’ was couched in heteronormative preferences whereby subsequent acceptance of the relationship celebrated, but constrained, the legitimacy of a transitioned female partner. The partner’s womanhood was thus positioned as temporary and a masquerade. Our findings highlight the active means through which transgender legitimacy is undermined, and how the partner enacts a gate-keeping role which limits transgendered participation within the relationship. Future directions for subsequent inquiry are also discussed.
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Bridges, Sarah, and Samuel Mann. "Sexual Orientation, Legal Partnerships and Wages in Britain." Work, Employment and Society 33, no. 6 (October 28, 2019): 1020–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017019873265.
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This article uses data from the Labour Force Survey to examine the effect sexual orientation has on wages in Britain. In doing so it provides the first empirical investigation of the effect being in a same-sex legal partnership has on wages. The results show that gay cohabitees and lesbians face a wage premium compared to their heterosexual counterparts. Decomposition results show that for gay cohabitees this arises due to differences in observable characteristics, while lesbians not only earn significantly more due to differences in their observable characteristics, but they also receive a higher return for these characteristics. In contrast, although no significant difference in earnings is observed for men in a legal partnership, decomposition results suggest that legally partnered gay males should earn more due to differences in their observable characteristics, while there is also evidence that they face barriers to advancement to senior positions, or a glass ceiling.
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Admiraal, Ryan, and Mark S. Handcock. "Modeling concurrency and selective mixing in heterosexual partnership networks with applications to sexually transmitted diseases." Annals of Applied Statistics 10, no. 4 (December 2016): 2021–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/16-aoas963.
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Chakraborty, Apu, Sally McManus, Terry S. Brugha, Paul Bebbington, and Michael King. "Mental health of the non-heterosexual population of England." British Journal of Psychiatry 198, no. 2 (February 2011): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.082271.
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BackgroundThere has been little research into the prevalence of mental health problems in lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) people in the UK with most work conducted in the USA.AimsTo relate the prevalence of mental disorder, self-harm and suicide attempts to sexual orientation in England, and to test whether psychiatric problems were associated with discrimination on grounds of sexuality.MethodThe Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2007 (n = 7403) was representative of the population living in private UK households. Standardised questions provided demographic information. Neurotic symptoms, common mental disorders, probable psychosis, suicidality, alcohol and drug dependence and service utilisation were assessed. In addition, detailed information was obtained about aspects of sexual identity and perceived discrimination on these grounds.ResultsSelf-reported identification as non-heterosexual (determined by both orientation and sexual partnership, separately) was associated with unhappiness, neurotic disorders overall, depressive episodes, generalised anxiety disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, phobic disorder, probable psychosis, suicidal thoughts and acts, self-harm and alcohol and drug dependence. Mental health-related general practitioner consultations and community care service use over the previous year were also elevated. In the non-heterosexual group, discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation predicted certain neurotic disorder outcomes, even after adjustment for potentially confounding demographic variables.ConclusionsThis study corroborates international findings that people of non-heterosexual orientation report elevated levels of mental health problems and service usage, and it lends further support to the suggestion that perceived discrimination may act as a social stressor in the genesis of mental health problems in this population.
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GARNETT, GEOFFREY P., and ROY M. ANDERSON. "Balancing sexual partnership in an age and activity stratified model of HIV transmission in heterosexual populations." Mathematical Medicine and Biology 11, no. 3 (1994): 161–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/imammb/11.3.161.
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Robinson, Noah Jamie, Daan Mulder, Bertran Auvert, Jimmy Whitworth, and Richard Hayes. "Type of Partnership and Heterosexual Spread of HIV Infection in Rural Uganda: Results from Simulation Modelling." International Journal of STD & AIDS 10, no. 11 (November 1999): 718–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462991913394.
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Essien, E. James, Michael W. Ross, Maria Eugenia Fernández-Esquer, and Mark L. Williams. "Reported condom use and condom use difficulties in street outreach samples of men of four racial and ethnic backgrounds." International Journal of STD & AIDS 16, no. 11 (November 1, 2005): 739–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/095646205774763135.
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The epidemiology of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the United States has focused research attention on lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgendered communities as well as on racial and ethnic minorities. Much of that attention has, however, been focused on specific racial and ethnic groups, and specific sexual minorities. We report on the results of a study that examined the association between condom use and partnership types among men from four major racial/ethnic groups. Self-reported data on sexual identity (homosexual, bisexual, and heterosexual) and condom use in the past three months were collected from 806 African Americans, Hispanic, Asian, and white men intercepted in public places in Houston, TX. Data indicated that condom use was lowest in African Americans and Hispanic men, bisexual men reported the highest levels of use, with heterosexual men reporting the lowest use. African Americans and Hispanic men reported generally that it was very difficult to use a condom during sexual contact, although the patterns for self-identified homosexual, heterosexual, and bisexual men varied across race/ethnicity. Homosexual African American men reported the least difficulty, and white homosexual men the most difficulty compared with heterosexual and bisexual peers. For homosexually identified men, there were considerable differences across race/ethnicity in the proportion of partners who never or rarely disagreed to use condoms, with Asians disagreeing least, and African Americans most. Within racial/ethnic groups, the levels of condom use and difficulty were similar for male and female partners, suggesting that it is sexual identity, rather than partner gender, that has impacted condom-use messages. These data suggest that racial/ethnic targeting of condom use is likely to be most efficacious in increasing condom use in men.
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Polovina, Nada. "Demographic increase in the context of divorce and extramarital partnership." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 121 (2006): 325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn0621325p.
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The basic goal of this paper is to point to the scope and significance of the share of divorce and extramarital partnership in the issues related to demographic increase. The paper consists of three parts. The first part discusses the relevant demographic data which - through the increase of the divorce rates and the rates of children born extramaritally, as well as through the specification of general indicators within these categories of population (age, marriage length, education, job) - indirectly point to the reduction and impoverishment of the reproductive potentials in this subpopulation. The second part of the paper presents contemporary theoretical-research argumentation which tends to explain the dynamics of the functioning of the pattern of family and heterosexual partnership (postulates of evolution psychology, psychology of sex roles, psychology of reproductive behaviour and sociology of family). The third part presents the concluding remarks and the standpoints of the author herself about the need to construct a new thinking area and discourse which would follow the created changes and processes, as well as to preserve in them the idea of longstanding co-operative relations in which man and woman, in new life conditions and realities, contribute to the benefit of the descendents.
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Jamieson, Lynn, Michael Anderson, David McCrone, Frank Bechhofer, Robert Stewart, and Yaojun Li. "Cohabitation and Commitment: Partnership Plans of Young Men and Women." Sociological Review 50, no. 3 (August 2002): 356–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-954x.00387.
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Popular commentators on marriage and the family often interpret the increase in heterosexual couples living together without marrying as reduced willingness to create and honour life-long partnerships. Survey and in-depth interviews with samples of 20–29 year olds living in an urban area of Scotland finds little support for the postulated link between growing cohabitation and a weakened sense of commitment to long-term arrangements. Most of the cohabiting couples strongly stressed their ‘commitment’. Socially acceptable vocabularies of motive undoubtedly influenced answers but interviews helped to explore deeper meanings. Many respondents' views were consistent with previous research predictions of a weakening sense of any added value of marriage. At the same time, some respondents continued to stress the social significance of the distinction between marriage and cohabitation, consistent with research interpreting cohabitation as a ‘try and see’ strategy part-way to the perceived full commitment of marriage. The notion that ‘marriage is better for children’ continued to have support among respondents. While, on average, cohabiting couples had lower incomes and poorer employment situations than married couples, only very extreme adverse circumstances were presented as making marriage ‘too risky’. Pregnancy-provoked cohabitation was not always in this category. Cohabitation was maintained because marriage would ‘make no difference’ or because they ‘had not yet got round to’ marriage. Most respondents were more wary of attempting to schedule or plan in their personal life than in other domains and cohabitees' attitudes to partnership, including their generally ‘committed’ approach, do not explain the known greater vulnerability of this group to dissolution.
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George, Gavin, Brendan Maughan-Brown, Sean Beckett, Meredith Evans, Cherie Cawood, David Khanyile, Kaymarlin Govender, and Ayesha BM Kharsany. "Coital frequency and condom use in age-disparate partnerships involving women aged 15 to 24: evidence from a cross-sectional study in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." BMJ Open 9, no. 3 (March 2019): e024362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024362.
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ObjectiveThis study examines the role of age-disparate partnerships on young women’s HIV risk by investigating coital frequency and condom use within age-disparate partnerships involving women aged 15 to 24.DesignA community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted.SettingParticipants were randomly selected using a two-stage random sampling method in uMgungundlovu district, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, between June 2014 and June 2015.ParticipantsA total of 1306 15–24-year-old women in an ongoing heterosexual partnership were included in the analysis. Participants had to be a resident in the area for 12 months, and able to provide informed consent and speak one of the local languages (Zulu or English).Primary and secondary outcome measuresSexual frequency was assessed by asking participants how many times they had sex with each partner in the past 12 months. The degree of condomless sex within partnerships was assessed in the survey by asking participants how often they used a condom with their partners.ResultsAge-disparate partnerships were associated with a higher order category (once, 2–5, 6–10, 11–20, >20) of coital frequency (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.32, p<0.05, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.71) and with sex on more than 10 occasions (aOR 1.48, p<0.01, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.96) compared with age-similar partnerships. Age-disparate partnerships were also more likely to involve sex on more than 10 occasions with inconsistent condom use (aOR 1.43, p<0.05, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.96) in the previous 12 months.ConclusionThe finding that increased sexual activity is positively associated with age-disparate partnerships adds to the evidence that age-disparate partnerships pose greater HIV risk for young women. Our study results indicate that interventions to reduce risky sexual behaviour within age-disparate partnerships remain relevant to reducing the high HIV incidence rates among adolescent girls and young women.
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Jain, Neha. "Moral Panic, Social Exclusion and The Human Rights of Same-Sex Partners in Ghana." International Journal for Global Academic & Scientific Research 1, no. 3 (October 13, 2022): 12–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.55938/ijgasr.v1i3.20.
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At the core of this chapter is a thematic analysis of media portrayal of same-sex partnership in the Ghanaian public sphere. The chapter ponders how media products affect societal framing and (mis)understanding of homosexual identity and activities. It interrogates the function the Ghanaian media plays in the framing of same-sex activities and the notion (misperception) people have about same-sex partners. The chapter thus situates the exclusion of same-sex partners within the context of mediatization of their sexual lifestyles. What appears as stigmatized and discriminative treatment as well as social exclusion of same-sex partners, the chapter contends, is partly a result of the fear that same-sex lifestyles will lead to the destruction of heterosexual relationship and the eventual disintegration of society.
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Carver, Terrell. "“Mere Auxiliaries to the Movement”1: How Intellectual Biography Obscures Marx's and Engels's Gendered Political Partnerships." Hypatia 33, no. 4 (2018): 593–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hypa.12439.
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Four women have been conventionally framed as wives and/or mistresses and/or sexual partners in the biographical reception of Karl Marx (1818–1883) and Friedrich Engels (1820–1895) as heterosexual men. These women were Jenny Marx (née von Westphalen) (1814–1881), Helene Demuth (“Lenchen”) (1820–1890), Mary Burns (1821–1863), and Lydia Burns (1827–1878). How exactly they appear in the few contemporary texts and rare images that survive is less interesting than the determination of subsequent biographers of the two “great men” to make these women fit a familiar genre, namely intellectual biography. An analysis of Marx–Engels biographies shows how this masculinized genre enforces an incuriosity that makes gendered political partnerships unthinkable and therefore invisible. By contrast, a positive interest in these women, which rethinks what a gendered political partnership is or could be, results in a significantly different view of the two men. As historical figures, they shift from being individualized or paired‐with‐each‐other “great thinkers” to communist/socialist activists working in and through everyday spaces and material practices. Their pamphlets, articles, and books thus appear more as immediate political interventions and less as timeless theorizing or as the raw material for such intellectualizing reconstructions.
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Kim, Hae-Young, Diego Cuadros, Eduan Wilkinson, Dennis M. Junqueira, Tulio de Oliveira, and Frank Tanser. "The geography and inter-community configuration of new sexual partnership formation in a rural South African population over fourteen years (2003–2016)." PLOS Global Public Health 2, no. 3 (March 9, 2022): e0000055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000055.
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Understanding spatial configuration of sexual network structure is critical for effective use of HIV preventative interventions in a community. However, this has never been described at the population level for any setting in sub-Saharan Africa. We constructed the comprehensive geospatial sexual network among new heterosexual partnerships in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. In the Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI)’s population-based surveillance, we identified stable sexual partnerships among individuals (≥15 years) from 2003 to 2016. Sexual partnerships and residency were recorded via household surveys (every 4–6 months). We geolocated residents and migration events and mapped the geospatial linkages of sexual partners at the start of sexual partnerships. In a grid composed by 108 cells (nodes; 3kmx3km per cell) covering the surveillance area (438km2), we calculated the degree of connectivity and centrality of the nodes and examined their association with HIV prevalence and incidence per cell. Of 2401 new sexual partnerships, 21% (n = 495) had both partners living within the surveillance area at the start of sexual partnerships, and 76% (376/495) were linked to the geographic HIV cluster with high HIV prevalence identified in a peri-urban community. Overall, 57 nodes had at least one connection to another node. The nodes in the peri-urban cluster had higher connectivity (mean = 19, range: 9–32), compared to outside the cluster (6, range: 1–16). The node’s degree of connectivity was positively associated with HIV prevalence of the cell (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.67; p <0.005). The peri-urban cluster contained nine of the 10 nodes that composed of a single large central module in the community. About 17% of sexual partnerships (n = 421) were formed between a resident and a non-resident partner who out-migrated. Most of these non-resident partners lived in KwaZulu-Natal (86.7%), followed by Gauteng (9.7%), and the median distance between a resident and a non-resident partner was 50.1km (IQR: 23.2–177.2). We found that the peri-urban HIV cluster served as the highly connected central node of the network for sexual partnership formation. The network was also connected beyond the surveillance area across South Africa. Understanding spatial sexual network can improve the provision of spatially targeted and effective interventions.
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Hicks, Megan R., Steven M. Kogan, Junhan Cho, and Assaf Oshri. "Condom Use in the Context of Main and Casual Partner Concurrency: Individual and Relationship Predictors in a Sample of Heterosexual African American Men." American Journal of Men's Health 11, no. 3 (May 18, 2016): 585–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988316649927.
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Researchers have identified engagement in sexual concurrency, particularly when condom use is inconsistent, as a risk factor for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. This risk is particularly salient in rural communities in which dense interconnection of sexual networks can promote the spread of sexually transmitted infections. The authors investigated individual and relationship factors that predict inconsistent condom use in the context of main and casual partner sexual concurrency among 176 rural African American men. The individual psychosocial factors investigated included impulsivity and anger/hostility. Relationship variables included fidelity expectations, criticism from partners, and relationship control in both main and casual relationships. No individual risk factors were associated with main partner inconsistent condom use; however, impulsivity and anger/hostility positively predicted inconsistent condom use with a casual partner. Relationship control in the main partnership predicted inconsistent condom use with the main partner. Criticism from the main partner positively predicted inconsistent condom use with a casual partner. Finally, expectations for a casual partner’s fidelity positively predicted inconsistent condom use with that partner. These findings underscore the importance of considering the influence of one sexual partnership on behavior in another and of taking this complexity into account in the development of preventive interventions.
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Reece, Michael, Debby Herbenick, Brian Dodge, Stephanie A. Sanders, Annahita Ghassemi, and J. Dennis Fortenberry. "Vibrator Use Among Heterosexual Men Varies by Partnership Status: Results From a Nationally Representative Study in the United States." Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy 36, no. 5 (September 30, 2010): 389–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0092623x.2010.510774.
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Bendall, Charlotte. "A ‘Divorce Blueprint’? The Use of Heteronormative Strategies in Addressing Economic Inequalities on Civil Partnership Dissolution." Canadian Journal of Law and Society / Revue Canadienne Droit et Société 31, no. 02 (August 2016): 267–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cls.2016.12.
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AbstractThis article will explore data obtained through interviews with UK family law practitioners and clients with experience of financial relief on formalised same-sex relationship breakdown. It will focus on questions around how solicitors have approached and argued their dissolution cases (and the extent to which they have drawn upon heteronormative arguments and case law), and whether both they and the clients believed that civil partnerships are, and should be, treated similarly to marriages. The discussion will examine the different understandings of ‘equality’ employed, and question the ways that the participants relied on ideas of sameness and difference. It will be argued that the solicitors placed particular stress on sameness, and that heteronormative constructs of gendered inequalities have been transplanted into same-sex cases, in a system where practitioners’ submissions are based on ‘what works.’ This is despite the fact that lesbian and gay couples do not map onto the ‘template’ under which the parties have been subjected to different gendered expectations. Conversely, the clients were less willing to take on the full legal implications associated with (heterosexual) marital breakdown and less receptive of the solicitors ‘translating’ their matters to pigeonhole them into the existing framework.
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Rhodes, Scott D., Lilli Mann-Jackson, Jorge Alonzo, Jennifer Nall, Florence M. Simán, Eunyoung Y. Song, Manuel Garcia, Amanda E. Tanner, and Eugenia Eng. "Harnessing “Scale-Up and Spread” to Support Community Uptake of the HoMBReS por un Cambio Intervention for Spanish-Speaking Men: Implementation Science Lessons Learned by a CBPR Partnership." American Journal of Men's Health 14, no. 4 (July 2020): 155798832093893. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988320938939.
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Latinx men in the southern United States are affected disproportionately by HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). However, few evidence-based prevention interventions exist to promote health equity within this population. Developed by a well-established community-based participatory research partnership, the HoMBReS por un Cambio intervention decreases sexual risk among Spanish-speaking, predominately heterosexual Latinx men who are members of recreational soccer teams in the United States. Scale-up and spread, an implementation science framework, was used to study the implementation of this evidence-based community-level intervention within three community organizations that represent typical community-based providers of HIV and STI prevention interventions (i.e., an AIDS service organization, a Latinx-serving organization, and a county public health department). Archival and interview data were analyzed, and 24 themes emerged that mapped onto the 12 scale-up and spread constructs. Themes included the importance of strong and attentive leadership, problem-solving challenges early, an established relationship between innovation developers and implementers, organizational capacity able to effectively work with men, trust building, timelines and incremental deadlines, clear and simple guidance regarding all aspects of implementation, appreciating the context (e.g., immigration-related rhetoric, policies, and actions), recognizing men’s competing priorities, and delineated supervision responsibilities. Scale-up and spread was a useful framework to understand multisite implementation of a sexual risk reduction intervention for Spanish-speaking, predominately heterosexual Latinx men. Further research is needed to identify how constructs, like those within scale-up and spread, affect the process across the implementation continuum, given that the uptake and implementation of an innovation is a process, not an event.
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Closson, Kalysha, Tadiwa Nemutambwe, Zoë Osborne, Gem Y. Lee, Colby Hangle, Sadie Stephenson, Patience Magagula, et al. "Relationship and Gender Equity Measurement Among Gender-Inclusive Young Women and Non-Binary Youth in British Columbia (RE-IMAGYN BC): Planning a Youth-Led, Community-Based, Qualitative Research Study." International Journal of Qualitative Methods 22 (January 6, 2023): 160940692211484. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16094069221148415.
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Gender-based power dynamics within intimate relationships such as controlling behaviours are driven by inequitable gender norms that perpetuate intimate partner violence (IPV). Yet, the ways in which we understand and measure gender-based power dynamics focus on the relationships of monogamous, cisgender, white, heterosexual women. This paper outlines our process of planning and implementing a qualitative, youth-led, community-based research (CBR) study exploring how diverse youth with intersecting identities perceive existing measures of gender equity and understand gender equity based on their own relationships. Between August-November 2022, we used purposive sampling to recruit 30 gender-inclusive young women and non-binary youth aged 17–29 with diverse identities, who live in British Columbia (BC), and have recent experience in a non-heterosexual and/or non-monogamous relationship (within prior 12 months). Using CBR methods, we hired and trained three Youth Research Associates (YRAs) and convened a 10-member Youth Advisory Committee (YAC) comprised of youth aged 19–28 years with queer, trans, and/or non-monogamous identities and experiences to consult on all aspects of our study. YRAs conducted cognitive interviews using an interview guide co-developed and piloted in partnership with the YAC and YRAs. Cognitive interviews explored youth perceptions of gender equity and two gender equity measures widely used in health research today. Interview data will be analyzed collaboratively using intersectional descriptive and thematic analysis. Results from our CBR study will be used to make recommendations to advance gender equity measurement to be more inclusive of and applicable to a diversity of youth relationships, experiences, and identities.
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Muzny, Christina A., William J. Van Der Pol, Elliot J. Lefkowitz, Arindam Ghosh, Mei Li, David Redden, Xiangqin Cui, and Jane Schwebke. "2408 Genital microbiomes of women with recurrent bacterial vaginosis and their regular male sexual partner." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 2, S1 (June 2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2018.78.
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Epidemiologic data suggest that BV is sexually transmitted with male partners colonized or infected with the responsible organism(s). The objective of this study was to compare the genital microbiota of women with recurrent BV and their regular male sexual partner using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and quantitative PCR targeting BV-candidate bacteria (Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae, BVAB1-3, Sneathia, Leptotrichia, and Megasphaera type I). METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Women with recurrent BV (≥3 prior episodes, including a current episode) and their regular male partner participating in a BV treatment trial and providing genital specimens (women: vaginal; men: urethral, coronal sulcus, urine) at enrollment were included. Male specimens for each participant were pooled. 250 bp 16S rRNA V4 region PCR amplicons were sequenced and analyzed using the QIIME pipeline. Taxonomy was assigned using the RDP Classifier against a modified Greengenes database with additional vaginal taxonomies added. An average relative abundance cutoff of 0.5% was used for analysis. qPCR was also performed for specific BV-candidate bacteria. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to investigate associations between all genital bacteria in addition to BV-candidate bacteria between partnerships. To determine positive associations between partnerships, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: In total, 45 partnerships were included. Mean partnership age was 31.3 (SD=7.9), 91.1% partnerships were African-American. The majority of partnerships (70.0%) reported condomless sex during the past 3 months. Regarding 16S data, 37 genital bacteria had an average relative abundance of ≥0.5%. The average Spearman correlation across all 45 partnerships was 0.28 (SD=0.27) (median=0.27, minimum=−0.21, maximum=0.84). Overall, a positive association of all genital bacteria existed across the partnerships (p<0.0001). However, regarding specific BV-candidate bacteria, Spearman correlation tests for G. vaginalis, A. vaginae, Prevotella bivia, Megasphaera type I, BVAB1, and BVAB2 were nonsignificant. In contrast, Sneathia spp. were positively correlated between partnerships (r=0.37, p=0.01). With regards to qPCR results, RNA Cq analyses provided significant evidence for a linear association between male and females for only A. vaginae (r=0.52, p=0.006). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: In monogamous heterosexual couples in which the female has BV, the vaginal microbiota of women and the penile/urine microbiota of men were significantly correlated, particularly with regards to Sneathia spp. and A. vaginae, supporting the hypothesis that BV-associated bacteria are exchanged during sex.
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Solomon, Sondra E., Esther D. Rothblum, and Kimberly F. Balsam. "Pioneers in Partnership: Lesbian and Gay Male Couples in Civil Unions Compared With Those Not in Civil Unions and Married Heterosexual Siblings." Journal of Family Psychology 18, no. 2 (2004): 275–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.18.2.275.
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SCULLY-HILL, Anne. "Competing Family Law Norms: Challenging Hong Kong Law’s Conceptualization of the Ideal Family." Asian Journal of Comparative Law 11, no. 2 (December 2016): 343–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asjcl.2016.24.
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AbstractTwo recent Hong Kong cases have highlighted the developing dissonance between family law norms in Hong Kong and other jurisdictions. The first entailed a challenge to the Hong Kong Director of Immigration’s refusal to recognize an overseas same-sex civil partnership as analogous to marriage. The second concerned a parental order for a child born overseas as a result of a surrogacy arrangement to an unmarried commissioning couple. These two cases challenged a specific conceptualization of the family in Hong Kong law: a preference for a heterosexual, married couple as the basis for the family unit. However, other common law jurisdictions would recognize the applicants’ claims to family status, as do international human rights principles. This article explores the scope and intersection of Hong Kong’s family law values, its private international law obligations, and the potential for invoking the public policy exception in these cases. In doing so, it tests the extent to which Hong Kong law’s conceptualization of the “Ideal Family” can be legitimately imposed to oust the claims of the “Other Family” to legal recognition.
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Hill, Brandon J., Erick E. Amick, and Stephanie A. Sanders. "Condoms and US college-aged men and women: briefly assessing attitudes toward condoms and general condom use behaviours." Sexual Health 8, no. 3 (2011): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh10058.
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Background The purpose of this study was to develop an abbreviated reliable tool for assessing the attitudes US college-aged men and women have about condoms and condom use. Method: An online questionnaire was constructed and completed by 674 participants incorporating modified items from the Attitudes Towards Condom Scale (1984) and the Multidimensional Condom Attitude Scale (1994), with the addition of gender-neutral worded and condom positive or erotic items. Results: The original 40 items were reduced to 18 Likert-type items comprising the Brief Condom Attitude Scale (BCAS). Gender comparisons on a subset of 584 self-identified heterosexual participants indicated that women were significantly more likely to consider condoms as less protective, while men were significantly more likely to consider condoms as more interruptive. Additional analyses examining partnership indicated that monogamous participants were significantly more likely to view condoms as less interruptive, more erotic and less negative than non-monogamous participants. Conclusions: The BCAS appears to be a reliable measure for assessing US college-aged individuals’ attitudes about condoms.
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Giuliani, M., A. Latini, M. Tedesco, M. Dona, M. Ambrifi, C. Cota, and A. Cristaudo. "Quality of Sexual Life among Patients with Genital Lichen Sclerosus." Klinička psihologija 9, no. 1 (June 13, 2016): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.21465/2016-kp-p-0026.
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Objective: To evaluate the quality of sexual life in patients with genital lichen sclerosus (LS) recruited in a trial aimed to assess the efficacy of innovative surgical treatments. Design and Method: The Index of Sexual Satisfaction (ISS) questionnaire was used. The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) was also used to assess the level of pain/discomfort and the grade of interference of LS in daily activities, social relationships, happiness, mood and sleeping. Patients were evaluated at baseline, 4,12, and 24 weeks after treatment. Results: From May 2014 to December 2015, 74 heterosexual patients (52 men, 70.3%, median age 52, IQR: 37-68; 22 women, 29.7%, median age 59.2, IQR: 42-73) with genital LS were evaluated. Fifty-nine patients (79.7%) were sexually active; among these, 45 (76.3%) were in a stable sexual partnership. Overall, 56 patients (75.7%) reported a high degree of genital pain/discomfort, particularly the female patients (18/22, 81.8%), and measurable interferences in selected wellbeing dimensions, such as mood balancing and social relationships. Overall, 49 patients (66.2%) had a current/history of secondary sexual disorders after the onset of LS; dyspareunia (32/49, 59.1%) and desire disorders (8/49, 16.3%) were reported; vulvodinia (5/22, 22.7%), and erectile dysfunction (4/32, 12.5%) were also experienced. Over two-thirds of the sexually active patients who were in a stable partnership (31/45, 68.9%) declared a decrease in the number and quality of sexual intercourses per month. Conclusions: LS affects dramatically the quality of sexual life and secondary sexual disorders are very frequent among LS patients. Thus, a sexological support is needed for this population.
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Jean, Kévin, Delphine Gabillard, Raoul Moh, Christine Danel, Raïmi Fassassi, Annabel Desgrées-du-Loû, Serge Eholié, France Lert, Xavier Anglaret, and Rosemary Dray-Spira. "Effect of Early Antiretroviral Therapy on Sexual Behaviors and HIV-1 Transmission Risk Among Adults With Diverse Heterosexual Partnership Statuses in Côte d'Ivoire." Journal of Infectious Diseases 209, no. 3 (August 29, 2013): 431–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jit470.
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Moura, Josely Pinto de, and Michele Rodrigues de Faria. "Caracterização e perfil epidemiológico das pessoas que vivem com hiv/aids." Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 11, no. 12 (December 17, 2017): 5214. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/1981-8963-v11i12a22815p5214-5220-2017.
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RESUMOObjetivo: descrever a caracterização e o perfil epidemiológico das pessoas que vivem com HIV/aids. Método: estudo quantitativo, epidemiológico, descritivo, composto por 112 prontuários de um serviço de referência regional, do período de 2012 a 2016. Para a coleta das informações, foram utilizados um formulário e o programa Microsoft Excel 2010, no qual foram elaboradas tabelas. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva simples e apresentados em valores absolutos e porcentuais. Resultados: pessoas do sexo masculino, com idades entre os 20 e 39 anos, com oito a 11 anos de estudo foram a maioria da amostra deste estudo. Quanto à ocupação, destacaram-se trabalhadores rurais e do lar. Em relação ao tipo de exposição, destacou-se a relação sexual. Houve crescimento de casos entre as mulheres e a categoria de exposição foi a heterossexual. Quanto ao tipo de parceria sexual, houve a prevalência entre homens e mulheres, com um e dois parceiros. Conclusão: a principal forma de transmissão do HIV foi a relação sexual desprotegida, com prevalência expressiva das relações heterossexuais. Descritores: Perfil de Saúde; Soropositividade para HIV; Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa.ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the characterization and epidemiological profile of people living with HIV/aids. Method: quantitative, epidemiological, descriptive study, composed of 112 medical records of a regional referral service, from the period 2012 to 2016. For the information collection, a form and the Microsoft Excel 2010 program were used, in which tables were elaborated. Data were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics and presented in absolute and percentage values. Results: males, aged between 20 and 39 years, with eight to 11 years of study were the majority of the sample of this study. As for the occupation, rural and household workers stood out. Regarding the type of exposure, the sexual relation was highlighted. There was case growth among women and the exposure category was heterosexual. As for the type of sexual partnership, there was prevalence between men and women, with one and two partners. Conclusion: the main form of HIV transmission was unprotected sexual intercourse, with significant prevalence of heterosexual relationships. Descriptores: Health Profile; HIV Seropositivity; Disease Transmission, infectious.RESUMENObjetivo: describir la caracterización y el perfil epidemiológico de las personas que viven con el VIH/aids. Método: estudio cuantitativo, epidemiológico, descriptivo, compuesto por 112 prontuarios de un servicio de referencia regional, del período de 2012 a 2016. Para la recolección de las informaciones, fueron utilizados un formulario y el programa Microsoft Excel 2010, en el cual se elaboraron tablas. Los datos fueron analizados por medio de estadísticas descriptivas simples y presentadas en valores absolutos y porcentuales. Resultados: personas del sexo masculino, con edades entre los 20 y 39 años, y con ocho a 11 años de estudio fueron la mayoría de la muestra de este estudio. En cuanto a la ocupación, se destacaron trabajadores rurales y del hogar. En cuanto al tipo de exposición, se destacó la relación sexual. Hubo crecimiento de casos entre las mujeres, y la categoría de exposición fue heterosexual. En cuanto al tipo de asociación sexual, hubo la prevalencia entre hombres y mujeres, con uno y dos personas. Conclusión: la principal forma de transmisión del VIH fue la relación sexual desprotegida, con prevalencia expresiva de las relaciones heterosexuales. Descriptores: Perfil de Salud; Seropositividad al VIH; Enfermedad Transmisión, Infecciosa.
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Costa, Pedro Alexandre, Alessio Gubello, and Fiona Tasker. "Intentional Kinship through Caring Relationships, Heritage, and Identity: Adoptive Parents’ Inclusion of Non-Biological and Non-Affinal Relationships on Family Maps." Genealogy 5, no. 4 (September 30, 2021): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy5040085.
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Structural open adoption has been beneficial to adoptees in integrating their birth heritage and identity. Adoptive parents also may sometimes seek out others who are neither related biologically nor through partnership to support their child in developing an integrated sense of identity. To what extent do these intentional kinship relationships become incorporated within the adoptive family network and how do adoptive parents view their role in their child’s life? Qualitative data on family inclusion of non-biological and non-affinal kin are reported from interviews with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and heterosexual adoptive parents (n = 25 families). Analyses of verbal and visual data from family map drawing interviews indicated that adoptive parents from the different types of families similarly included intentional kin in their conceptualization of their child’s family. Adopted children’s foster carers, family friends, other adoptive families, and other children and adults were specifically included on family maps to facilitate children’s knowledge of different aspects of their birth heritage and adoption story. The implications of open adoption policy therefore move beyond considerations of only birth family contact. In practice, open adoption procedures convey a broad message to families that appear to widen adoptive parents’ conceptualization of kinship.
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Macvarish, Jan. "What is ‘the Problem’ of Singleness?" Sociological Research Online 11, no. 3 (September 2006): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.1418.
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Over the past 30 years there has been a considerable increase in the number of people living alone; in the UK, the proportion of one-person households almost doubled between 1971 and 2000, rising from 17% to 31% of households (ONS, 2002). The research drawn on here explores the experience and representation of a rapidly growing sub-group of one-person households identified by Hall et al (1999) as female, metropolitan, managerial/professional, educated and mobile. The paper concentrates on questions surrounding the identity of those who have been termed the ‘new single women’ (Whitehead, 2003). In much of the specific ‘single women’ literature, the ‘problem’ of the single woman has been understood as residing in her social construction; her stigmatisation and marginalisation as an ‘other’, relative to the norms of heterosexual partnership and motherhood. It is argued here that significant contextual changes in the landscape of interpersonal relationships demand a reconsideration of the way in which singleness is understood sociologically. The paper draws on semi-structured, in-depth interviews conducted in London and the South-East with a small sample of women (15) fitting the characteristics identified by Hall et al. They were aged 34-50, never-married 1 , currently lived alone, were not in a relationship and had never had children. All who volunteered for interview were heterosexual. The women were recruited using a snowball method with the reasoning that ‘word-of-mouth’ would recruit a more varied range of individuals than might respond to a public call for those who self-identified as ‘single’ to come forward. Part of the interview schedule was constructed to elicit information concerning how the women negotiated their identity and the way in which they related themselves to the category of ‘single woman’. The women were asked how they defined themselves, what they thought of the term spinster, and when they felt their singleness mattered (to themselves and to other people). They were also asked about their relationship and employment history, their daily lives and their future plans.
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Carter, Julia, and Simon Duncan. "Wedding paradoxes: individualized conformity and the ‘perfect day’." Sociological Review 65, no. 1 (April 14, 2016): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-954x.12366.
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Marriage rates in twenty-first-century Britain are historically low, divorce and separation are historically high, and marriage is no longer generally seen as necessary for legitimate sexual relationships, long-term partnership or even parenting. Yet at the same time weddings have become more prominent, both as social aspiration and as popular culture. But why have a wedding, especially an ornate, expensive and time-consuming wedding, when there appears to be little social need to do so? Similarly, weddings have never been more free from cultural norms and official control – so why do these supposedly unique and deeply personal events usually replay the same assumed traditions? We draw from a small qualitative sample of 15 interviews with white, heterosexual celebrants to address these questions. While existing accounts posit weddings as a social display of success, emphasizing distinction, and manipulation by a powerful wedding industry, we argue that weddings involve celebrants necessarily adapting from, and re-serving, tradition as a process of bricolage. This shapes the four major discourses interviewees used to give meanings to their weddings: the project of the couple, relationality, re-traditionalization and romanticized consumption. At the same time many couples did not want to be distinctively unique, but rather distinctively normal. This is what we call ‘individualized conformity’.
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Braz de Oliveira, Layze, Artur Acelino Francisco Luz Nunes Queiroz, Christefany Régia Braz Costa, Rosilane De Lima Brito Magalhães, Telma Maria Evangelista de Araújo, and Renata Karina Reis. "Sexual partnerships of people living with HIV / Aids: sexual orientation, sociodemographic, clinical and behavioral aspects." Enfermería Global 18, no. 2 (February 17, 2019): 25–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/eglobal.18.2.322081.
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Objetivo: Analizar la influencia de la orientación sexual de las variables socio-demográficas, clínicas y de comportamiento entre las parejas sexuales de las personas que viven con el Virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana/Síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida. Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado en un servicio de asistencia médica especializada en el tratamiento de personas con el Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana, con 173 participantes. En el análisis de los resultados se utilizó el test Chi-cuadrado de Pearson o exacto de Fisher. Resultados: Se identificó asociación entre la orientación sexual y las variables: sexo, edad, estado civil, grupo de edad, escolaridad, renta, forma de exposición, tipo de asociación, uso consistente del preservativo, presencia de infección, práctica sexual, presencia del compañero en las consultas de rutina, divulgación del VIH al compañero y considerar importante la divulgación de su condición serológica para el compañero. Conclusión: Establecer un emparejamiento sexual en el contexto del VIH y tener una orientación no heterosexual presentó diferencias estadísticas entre las variables sociodemográficas y comportamentales. Objective: To analyze the influence of sexual orientation on sociodemographic, clinical and behavioral variables among sexual partners of people living with Human immunodeficiency virus/Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out in a medical assistance service specialized in the treatment of people with Human Immunodeficiency Virus, with 173 participants. Pearson's Chi-square or Fisher's exact test was used to analyze the results. Results: We identified an association between sexual orientation and variables such as gender, age, marital status, age, education, income, type of exposure, type of birth, consistent condom use, presence of infection, sexual practice, partner in routine consultations, disclosure of HIV to the partner and considers disclosure of their condition to the partner. Conclusion: Establishing a sexual partnership in the context of HIV and having a non-heterosexual orientation presented statistical differences between sociodemographic and behavioral variables. Objetivo: Analisar a influência da orientação sexual sobre as variáveis sociodemograficas, clínicas e comportamentais entre parcerias sexuais de pessoas que vivem com vírus da imunodeficiência humana/Síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado em um serviço de assistência médica especializada no tratamento de pessoas com o Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana, com 173 participantes. Na análise dos resultados utilizou-se o teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson ou exato de Fisher. Resultados: Identificou-se associação entre a orientação sexual e as variáveis: sexo, idade, estado civil, faixa etária, escolaridade, renda, forma de exposição, tipo de parceria, uso consistente do preservativo, presença de infecção, prática sexual, acompanhamento do parceiro nas consultas de rotina, divulgação do HIV para o parceiro e considerar importante a divulgação da sua condição sorológica para o parceiro. Conclusão: Estabelecer uma parceria sexual no contexto do HIV e ter uma orientação não-heterossexual apresentou diferenças estatísticas entre as variáveis sociodemográficas e comportamentais.