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Miele, Antonio, Christian Pilato, and Donatella Sciuto. "A Simulation-Based Framework for the Exploration of Mapping Solutions on Heterogeneous MPSoCs." International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems 4, no. 1 (January 2013): 22–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jertcs.2013010102.
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The efficient analysis and exploration of mapping solutions of a parallel application on a heterogeneous Multi-Processor Systems-on-Chip (MPSoCs) is usually a challenging task in system-level design, in particular when the architecture integrates hardware cores that may expose reconfigurable features. This paper proposes a system-level design framework based on SystemC simulations for fulfilling this task, featuring (i) an automated flow for the generation of timing models for the hardware cores starting from the application source code, (ii) an enhanced simulation environment for SystemC architectures enabling the specification and modification of mapping choices only by changing an XML descriptor, and (iii) a flexible controller of the simulation environment supporting the exploration of various mapping solutions featuring a customizable engine. The proposed framework has been validated with a case study considering an image processing application to show the possibility to automatically exploring alternative solutions onto a reconfigurable MPSoC platform.
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MARCHAL, PAUL, MURALI JAYAPALA, SAMUEL XAVIER DE SOUZA, PENG YANG, FRANCKY CATTHOOR, and G. DECONINCK. "MATADOR: AN EXPLORATION ENVIRONMENT FOR SYSTEM-DESIGN." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 11, no. 05 (October 2002): 503–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126602000598.
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We present a modular platform simulation environment to estimate the energy consumption and performance of distributed systems in a Systems-on-Chip context. We use the simulation environment to support the development of our high-level design methodologies. More in particular, we steer and verify the development of a task-level data transfer and storage methodology, the development of a task-level scheduling methodology and the development of an instruction memory management methodology. All of these methodologies are focussed on reducing the overall energy consumption of the complex dynamic system on a heterogeneous platform architecture. Compared to research in the academic and industrial context, our contribution is to integrate in a scalable way existing energy and performance simulators of the components of a heterogeneous multiprocessor SoC. Also a novel instruction memory hierarchy is included. The simulation environment consists of multiple processing nodes connected to a distributed memory hierarchy. To reduce the energy consumption of the system, both the processing nodes as well as the memory architecture can be varied: the processing voltage of each node can be tuned and the memory hierarchy can be fully customized. The integration of dynamic real-time applications on this platform is simplified by the availability of a multi-processor RTOS. The use of the simulator to develop our high-level design methodologies is illustrated on real-life multimedia applications.
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Attarzadeh-Niaki, Seyed-Hosein, and Ingo Sander. "Heterogeneous co-simulation for embedded and cyber-physical systems design." SIMULATION 96, no. 9 (June 1, 2020): 753–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037549720921945.
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The growing complexity of embedded and cyber-physical systems makes the design of all system components from scratch increasingly impractical. Consequently, already from early stages of a design flow, designers rely on prior experience, which comes in the form of legacy code or third-party intellectual property (IP) blocks. Current approaches partly address the co-simulation problem for specific scenarios in an ad hoc style. This work suggests a general method for co-simulation of heterogeneous IPs with a system modeling and simulation framework. The external IPs can be integrated as high-level models running in an external simulator or as software- and hardware-in-the-loop simulation with minimal effort. Examples of co-simulation scenarios for wrapping models with different semantics are presented together with their practical usage in two case studies. The presented method is also used to formulate a refinement-by-replacement workflow for IP-based system design.
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Xie, Hualong, Zhijie Li, and Fei Li. "Bionics Design of Artificial Leg and Experimental Modeling Research of Pneumatic Artificial Muscles." Journal of Robotics 2020 (February 28, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3481056.
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In the research and development of intelligent prosthesis, some of performance test experiments are required. In order to provide an ideal experimental platform for the performance test of intelligent prosthesis, a heterogeneous biped walking robot model is proposed. Artificial leg is an important part of heterogeneous biped walking robot, and its main function is to simulate the disabled a healthy normal gait, which provides intelligent bionic legs gait to follow the target trajectory. The pneumatic artificial muscles (PAM) have good application in the artificial leg. The bionic design of artificial leg mainly includes the structure of hip joint, knee joint, and ankle joint, adopting the four-bar mechanism as the mechanical structure of the knee joint, and PAM are used as the driving source of the knee joint. Secondly, the PAM performance test platform is built to establish the relationship among output force, shrinkage rate, and input pressure under the measured isobaric conditions, and the mathematical model of PAM is established. Finally, the virtual prototype technology is used to build a joint simulation platform, and PID control algorithm is used for verification simulation. The results show that the artificial leg can follow the target trajectory.
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Liu, Yunfei, and Tao Ma. "Agile Modeling and Simulation Technology of Heterogeneous Systems Based on Meta-model Modeling Method." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2173, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2173/1/012010.
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Abstract Modeling and simulation of heterogeneous systems are faced with the problems of long modeling and simulation cycle, complex and changeable modeling fields and complex domain knowledge. In order to support the requirements analysis and initial design of the system, build the system model as the only authoritative truth source throughout the whole life cycle, and quantitatively characterize the requirements, functions, structure and performance of the system, this paper proposes an agile modeling and simulation technology for heterogeneous systems based on the meta-model modeling method, and on this basis, constructs an agile modeling and simulation system framework for heterogeneous systems.
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Camus, Benjamin, Thomas Paris, Julien Vaubourg, Yannick Presse, Christine Bourjot, Laurent Ciarletta, and Vincent Chevrier. "Co-simulation of cyber-physical systems using a DEVS wrapping strategy in the MECSYCO middleware." SIMULATION 94, no. 12 (January 26, 2018): 1099–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037549717749014.
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Most modeling and simulation (M&S) questions about cyber-physical systems (CPSs) require expert skills belonging to different scientific fields. The challenges are then to integrate each domain’s tools (formalism and simulation software) within the rigorous framework of M&S process. To answer this issue, we give the specifications of the Multi-agent Environment for Complex-SYstem CO-simulation (MECSYCO) middleware which enables to interconnect several pre-existing and heterogeneous M&S tools, so they can simulate a whole CPS together. The middleware performs the co-simulation in a parallel, decentralized, and distributable fashion thanks to its modular multi-agent architecture. In order to rigorously integrate tools that use different formalisms, the co-simulation engine of MECSYCO is based on the discrete event system specification (DEVS). The central idea of MECSYCO is to use a DEVS wrapping strategy to integrate each tool into the middleware. Thus, heterogeneous tools can be homogeneously co-simulated in the form of a DEVS system. By using DEVS, MECSYCO benefits from the numerous scientific works which have demonstrated the integrative power of this formalism and give crucial guidelines to rigorously design wrappers. We demonstrate that our discrete framework can integrate a vast amount of continuous M&S tools by wrapping the Functional Mockup Interface (FMI) standard. To this end, we take advantage of DEVS efforts of the literature (namely, the DEV&DESS hybrid formalism and Quantized State System (QSS) solvers) to design DEVS wrappers for Functional Mockup Unit (FMU) components. As a side-effect, this wrapping is not restricted to MECSYCO but can be applied in any DEVS-based platform. We evaluate MECSYCO with the proof of concept of a smart heating use case, where we co-simulate non-DEVS-centric M&S tools.
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Stemmer, Ralf, Hai-Dang Vu, Sébastien Le Nours, Kim Grüttner, Sébastien Pillement, and Wolfgang Nebel. "A Measurement-Based Message-Level Timing Prediction Approach for Data-Dependent SDFGs on Tile-Based Heterogeneous MPSoCs." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (July 20, 2021): 6649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146649.
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Fast yet accurate performance and timing prediction of complex parallel data flow applications on multi-processor systems remains a very difficult discipline. The reason for it comes from the complexity of the data flow applications w.r.t. data dependent execution paths and the hardware platform with shared resources, like buses and memories. This combination may lead to complex timing interferences that are difficult to express in pure analytical or classical simulation-based approaches. In this work, we propose the combination of timing measurement and statistical simulation models for probabilistic timing and performance prediction of Synchronous Data Flow (SDF) applications on MPSoCs with shared memories. We exploit the separation of computation and communication in our SDF model of computation to set-up simulation-based performance prediction models following different abstraction approaches. We especially propose a message-level communication model driven by a data-dependent probabilistic execution phase timing model. We compare our work against measurement on two case-studies from the computer vision domain: a Sobel filter and a JPEG decoder. We show that the accuracy and execution time of our modeling and evaluation framework outperforms existing approaches and is suitable for a fast yet accurate design space exploration.
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Guo, Hui. "Design of Moral Education Management System for Higher Vocational Students Based on Multisource Sensing Data Fusion." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2022 (August 17, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7986472.
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Based on the specific circumstances of colleges and universities, this study presents the moral education management system and leverages multisource sensor data and other technologies to develop an information system in line with the moral education management of modern college students. Using multisource sensor data fusion and learning data definition, the fused education data is expressed in a standardized way, resulting in a common and standard data interchange format. This foundation is used to build a shareable and reusable data management system that enables data sharing and interchange across multiple heterogeneous data sources, aids the intelligent education system in obtaining more comprehensive and complete recorded data, and improves data sharing timeliness. As a result, learning behavior analysis results are more objective, immediate, and accurate, allowing the intelligent education system’s response to be more prompt and intelligent. This study, which is based on multisource sensor data fusion, also discusses platform selection, system architecture, database design, and methods and suggestions for overcoming critical challenges and can be used as a reference for other university information management systems with vast amounts of data.
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Saldaña, Manuel, Emanuel Ramalho, and Paul Chow. "A Message-Passing Hardware/Software Cosimulation Environment for Reconfigurable Computing Systems." International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing 2009 (2009): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/376232.
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High-performance reconfigurable computers (HPRCs) provide a mix of standard processors and FPGAs to collectively accelerate applications. This introduces new design challenges, such as the need for portable programming models across HPRCs and system-level verification tools. To address the need for cosimulating a complete heterogeneous application using both software and hardware in an HPRC, we have created a tool called the Message-passing Simulation Framework (MSF). We have used it to simulate and develop an interface enabling an MPI-based approach to exchange data between X86 processors and hardware engines inside FPGAs. The MSF can also be used as an application development tool that enables multiple FPGAs in simulation to exchange messages amongst themselves and with X86 processors. As an example, we simulate a LINPACK benchmark hardware core using an Intel-FSB-Xilinx-FPGA platform to quickly prototype the hardware, to test the communications. and to verify the benchmark results.
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Huang, Jinhua, and Georges M. Fadel. "Bi-Objective Optimization Design of Heterogeneous Injection Mold Cooling Systems." Journal of Mechanical Design 123, no. 2 (February 1, 2000): 226–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1347992.
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This paper presents a two-step methodology for the bi-objective optimization design of heterogeneous injection mold cooling systems to achieve simultaneously fast and uniform cooling. During the first step, a single fundamental mold material selected from the material database is assumed, optimal cooling channels size, location, and coolant flow rate are obtained through a gradient-based optimization method. Based on the optimal results from the first step, the second step further reduces cooling time and increases temperature distribution uniformity at ejection by finding sensitive areas and distributing both fundamental and secondary materials in these areas through a genetic algorithm. A Finite Element Method with the Jacobi Conjugate Gradient scheme is utilized to perform the cyclic and transient cooling simulation. Two illustrations for the optimal methodology are provided.
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Заризенко, Инна Николаевна, and Артём Евгеньевич Перепелицын. "АНАЛИЗ СРЕДСТВ И ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ РАЗРАБОТКИ FPGA КАК СЕРВИС." RADIOELECTRONIC AND COMPUTER SYSTEMS, no. 4 (December 25, 2019): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/reks.2019.4.10.
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This article has analyzed the most effective integrated development environments from leading programmable logical device (PLD) manufacturers. Heterogeneous calculations and the applicability of a general approach to the description of hardware accelerator designs are considered. An analytical review of the use of the OpenCL language in the construction of high-performance FPGA-based solutions is performed. The features of OpenCL language usage for heterogeneous computing for FPGA-based accelerators are discussed. The experience of a unified description of projects for solutions based on CPU, GPU, signal processors and FPGA is analyzed. The advantages of using such a description for tasks that perform parallel processing are shown. Differences in productivity and labor costs for developing FPHA systems with parallel data processing for hardware description languages and OpenCL language are shown. The results of comparing commercially available solutions for building services with FPGA accelerators are presented. The advantages of the Xilinx platform and tools for building an FPGA service are discussed. The stages of creating solutions based on FaaS are proposed. Some FaaS related tasks are listed and development trends are discussed. The SDAccel platform of the Xilinx SDx family is considered, as well as the possible role of these tools in creating the FPGA computing platform as a service. An example of using SDAccel to develop parallel processing based on FPGA is given. The advantages and disadvantages of the use of hardware description languages with such design automation tools are discussed. The results of comparing the performance of the simulation speed of the system described with the use of programming languages and hardware description languages are presented. The advantages of modeling complex systems are discussed, especially for testing solutions involving the processing of tens of gigabytes of data and the impossibility of creating truncated test sets. Based on practical experience, the characteristics of development environments, including undocumented ones, are formulated.
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Hosseinzadeh, Mahsa, and Hadi Shahriar Shahhoseini. "An effective duplication-based task-scheduling algorithm for heterogeneous systems." SIMULATION 87, no. 12 (June 3, 2011): 1067–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037549711406911.
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Chen, Hanhua, and Hai Jin. "Efficiently Compositing and Optimizing the Quality of Heterogeneous Services." International Journal of Web Services Research 11, no. 3 (July 2014): 76–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijwsr.2014070104.
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The emerging service-oriented computing bring various services together to a ‘market' for clients to request, enabling the integration of services across the distributed, heterogeneous, and wide area networks. By encapsulating diverse implementations of physical and software resources in the interface that standardizes the functions, loosely coupled services have show great potential to support a versatile integration platform for complex applications. Existing techniques can successfully support integrating services from different providers to provide applications with more complex user requirements. However, to automatically composite services with guaranteed QoS is not trivial. In this paper, the authors propose Q-SAC, a QoS optimized service automatic composition model. Two main features of Q-SAC include automatic service composition, and multidimensional QoS optimization for the composition plan. The authors show that the problem of Q-SAC QoS optimization is NP-hard, and design a heuristic simulated annealing algorithm. Through simulation the authors show that this design is practical and efficient.
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Kovalyov, S. P. "Design of Heterogeneous Cyber-Physical Systems Employing Category Theory." Mekhatronika, Avtomatizatsiya, Upravlenie 23, no. 2 (February 6, 2022): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17587/mau.23.59-67.
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Heterogeneous cyber-physical control systems based on digital twins are in demand by Industry 4.0. In accordance with the contemporary systems engineering methodology, such systems are designed at the level of digital models. The paper proposes approaches to formalization and subsequent automation of solving direct and inverse problems of their design. To unify descriptions of heterogeneous components, we follow a viewpoint-based approach to architecture design recommended by the international standard ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010. Following recent trends, we employ category theory as a mathematical framework for the formal description and solution of design problems. Indeed, category theory is a branch of higher algebra specifically aimed at a unified representation of objects of different nature and relationships between them. The design space of a heterogeneous cyber-physical system is constructed as a subcategory of the multicomma category, the objects of which describe possible system architectures with a fixed structural hierarchy represented from a certain viewpoint as diagrams, and morphisms denote actions associated with the parts selection and replacement during the system design. Direct design problems consist in evaluating the properties of the system as a whole by its architecture and are solved using a universal category-theoretic construction of the colimit of the diagram. The solution of inverse problems that require finding variants of the system architecture, which are (sub-, Pareto-) optimal according to the consumer quality criteria, consists in reconstructing diagrams by their colimit edges. For such reconstruction, optimization algorithms of gradient descent type are reasonable to employ, which navigate along the system design space morphisms calculating the path by means of computer algebra. Typical techniques of assembling cyber-physical systems, such as modular composition and aspect weaving, are described in the language of category theory and illustrated. As an example, we outline the design of energy-efficient robotic production lines represented from the behavior viewpoint as discrete-event simulation models.
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Tan, Liang, and He Gao. "Research and Implementation of Sports Entity Simulation Based on Heterogeneous Binocular Vision." Journal of Sensors 2022 (May 16, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6439660.
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To study the value of heterogeneous binocular vision in the detection of sports targets, a Zynq-based joint software and hardware design method is proposed, and a mobile object detection system for binocular vision is developed based on it. This paper introduces the relevant technologies and theories used in the system design. First, the basic principles and various modules of the binocular stereo vision process are introduced, including camera tuning, stereo correction, stereo tuning, and telescope stereo vision. Based on the depth information, a method to detect and measure motor targets was developed. Finally, combined with the improved mobile target detection algorithm, the real-time methodology research and algorithm design to determine the target range are completed. The performance of the moving target detection system based on binocular stereo vision and the moving target detection and ranging algorithm are tested and analyzed. We know that the front and rear width of the moving target (the person tested in this paper) is at least 10 cm, while the error value of the ranging algorithm in this paper is within 6 meters, and the average error is less than 10 cm. According to the characteristics of binocular stereo vision, the farther the viewing angle is, the smaller the parallax value of the left and right image pixels will be. Therefore, the insignificant change of depth information will bring some errors to the ranging algorithm. The greater the measurement error is, the lower the percentage deviation of the measurement result is within 2%. It also shows that the target ranging algorithm in this paper can ensure good accuracy within a certain distance. Through this method, we can obtain the accurate data of moving objects in sports competition, so as to improve the training method of athletes and improve the competition results.
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An, Jiaju, Wei Yang, Xiaohui Xu, Tianxiang Chen, Bin Du, Yi Tang, and Quan Xu. "Decentralized Adaptive Control for Quasi-Consensus in Heterogeneous Nonlinear Multiagent Systems." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2021 (July 14, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2230805.
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This paper proposes some novel decentralized adaptive control protocols to settle the quasi-consensus problem of multiagent systems with heterogeneous nonlinear dynamics. Based on local communication with the leader and between the followers, some innovative control protocols are put forward to adapt the control gains and coupling weights simultaneously and to steer the consensus errors to some bounded areas. In particular, two new inequalities are proposed to establish the Lyapunov-based adaptive controller design approach for quasi-consensus. Some quasi-consensus criteria are derived by utilizing the designed controllers, in which the error bound can be modulated on the basis of the adaptive controller parameters. Numerical tests are conducted to show the feasibility of the theoretical derivation. Our findings highlight quasi-consensus in heterogeneous multiagent systems without adding some additional complex nonlinear control terms to cancel the dynamical differences between agents.
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Gorecki, Simon, Jalal Possik, Gregory Zacharewicz, Yves Ducq, and Nicolas Perry. "Business Models for Distributed-Simulation Orchestration and Risk Management." Information 12, no. 2 (February 7, 2021): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12020071.
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Nowadays, industries are implementing heterogeneous systems from different domains, backgrounds, and operating systems. Manufacturing systems are becoming more and more complex, which forces engineers to manage the complexity in several aspects. Technical complexities bring interoperability, risk management, and hazards issues that must be taken into consideration, from the business model design to the technical implementation. To solve the complexities and the incompatibilities between heterogeneous components, several distributed and cosimulation standards and tools can be used for data exchange and interconnection. High-level architecture (HLA) and functional mockup interface (FMI) are the main international standards used for distributed and cosimulation. HLA is mainly used in academic and defense domains while FMI is mostly used in industry. In this article, we propose an HLA/FMI implementation with a connection to an external business process-modeling tool called Papyrus. Papyrus is configured as a master federate that orchestrates the subsimulations based on the above standards. The developed framework is integrated with external heterogeneous components through an FMI interface. This framework is developed with the aim of bringing interoperability to a system used in a power generation company.
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Ma, Cong, and Wonjun Chung. "Visual Communication Design Based on Collaborative Wireless Communication Video Transmission." Journal of Sensors 2022 (January 15, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5348222.
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With the development of wireless communication technology, video and multimedia have become an integral part of visual communication design. Designers want higher interactivity, diversity, humanization, and plurality of attributes in the process of visual communication. This makes the process of visual communication have high requirements for the quality and real-time data transmission. To address the problem of transmitting HD video in a heterogeneous wireless network with multiple concurrent streams to improve the transmission rate and thus enhance the user experience, with the optimization goal of minimizing the system transmission delay and the delay difference between paths, the video sender and receiver are jointly considered, and the video transmission rate and the cache size at the receiver are adaptively adjusted to improve the user experience, and a cooperative wireless communication video transmission based on the control model for video transmission based on cooperative wireless communication is established, and video streams with self-similarity and long correlation are studied based on Pareto distribution and P / P / l queuing theory, based on which an adaptive streaming decision method for video streams in heterogeneous wireless networks is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed multistream concurrent adaptive transmission control method for heterogeneous networks is superior in terms of delay and packet loss rate compared with the general load balancing streaming decision method, in terms of transmission efficiency and accuracy.
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Sun, Fuyu, Jianping Zhou, Shuai Guo, and Yi Li. "Flexible model specification and application for service-oriented software." SIMULATION 95, no. 4 (July 3, 2018): 363–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037549718779442.
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Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) has gained considerable popularity for the development of large-scale distributed software systems. The SOA paradigm promotes the reusability and integrability of software in heterogeneous environments by means of open standards. The existing problem is that every service-oriented software development project often requires a customized development process that provides specific service-oriented software in support of requirements unique to that project. To resolve this problem, this study proposes universal service-oriented software (USOS). USOS focuses on the general simulation technology and integrates many features, which are necessary to build a correct and efficient simulation system. It is aimed at providing a professional environment to reduce the cost of modeling as well as the execution time of the simulation for multi-type models. USOS supports many advanced features such as dynamic model template generation, multi-formalism model debugging, flexible model-driven application, etc. Developers may use USOS as an open framework to build, store, and verify models very efficiently. Based on USOS, we have developed a large-scale parallel simulation platform called SIM, which is oriented to test parallel and distributed architectures, and applications in the aerospace domain. This study introduces the distinctive features of USOS for practical implementation of SIM and validates the performance by a prototype system simulation.
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Chang, Shi-Kuo, Wen-Hui Chen, Wen-Chyi Lin, and Christopher Lee Thomas. "Application of Slow Intelligence Framework for Smart Pet Care System Design." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 25, no. 09n10 (November 2015): 1429–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194015400264.
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This article presents the design of a smart pet care system based on the slow intelligence framework for providing pets with suitable living conditions that closely mirror their natural habitat. By integrating heterogeneous information from various sensing data, the smart environment-aware pet care system can adaptively adjust the setting of temperature and humidity that best fits the pet through iterative slow intelligence computation. Simulations of two case studies were provided to illustrate the application of the proposed system for pets such as snakes and dogs. The simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach to the design of smart pet care systems.
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Zhang, Peng, Da-Wei Wang, Wen-Sheng Zhao, Jiangtao Su, Bin You, and Jun Liu. "Multiphysics Analysis and Optimal Design of Compressible Micro-Interconnect for 2.5D/3D Heterogeneous Integration." Electronics 10, no. 18 (September 12, 2021): 2240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10182240.
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Compressible Micro-Interconnect (CMI) shows tremendous potential in 2.5D/3D heterogeneous integration due to its outstanding performance in integration, electrical isolation, and thermal management. In this work, an optimal design approach for CMIs is developed based on a coupling framework of multiphysics simulation and particle swarm optimization (PSO). In the framework, the mechanical simulation was conducted firstly to obtain the stress distributions as CMI switched from the initial state to the working position. The contact resistance between CMI and the top pad was modeled and quantitively analyzed. Subsequently, the PSO method was utilized to implement the structural optimization of CMI to improve the performance. Multiphysics simulations of both the original and optimized CMIs were carried out and compared. With the implementation of the optimized CMIs, the contact resistance dropped from 155.3 mΩ to 108.8 mΩ, which brought significant improvement in both DC voltage drop and self-heating effect. The influence of the self-heating effect on the electrical performance of CMI is also discussed qualitatively.
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Barros, Fernando J. "Modular representation of asynchronous geometric integrators with support for dynamic topology." SIMULATION 94, no. 3 (June 22, 2017): 259–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037549717714613.
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Geometric integrators play an essential role for simulating second-order energy preserving systems, offering an alternative to the decomposition of systems into first-order Ordinary Differential Equations. This approach, although commonly used nowadays in modeling and simulation software, is not acceptable when long simulation runs are required. In this work we develop a modular representation of geometric, adaptive step-size integrators using the Heterogeneous Flow Systems Specification (HyFlow) formalism. Modularity is achieved in HyFlow through the use of an explicit definition of sampling that is treated as a first-order construct, enabling a novel representation of continuous systems and their seamless integration. We show that the HyFlow representation enables the interoperability of geometrical integrators with other families of models including, for example, conventional integrators, enhancing the ability to represent complex systems. HyFlow sampling enables geometric integrators to operate asynchronously, contributing to simulation efficiency by allowing the sampling rate to de defined independently by each component. We demonstrate that HyFlow-based geometric integrators can be used to model systems with a dynamic topology. In addition, we show that the modifying model topology at run-time can provide an effective solution to some systems exhibiting Zeno behavior.
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Reed, John A., and Abdollah A. Afjeh. "Computational Simulation of Gas Turbines: Part 2—Extensible Domain Framework." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 122, no. 3 (May 15, 2000): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1287489.
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This paper describes the design concepts and object-oriented architecture of Onyx, an extensible domain framework for computational simulation of gas turbine engines. Onyx provides a flexible environment for defining, modifying, and simulating the component-based gas turbine models described in Part 1 of this paper. Using advanced object-oriented technologies such as design patterns and frameworks, Onyx enables users to customize and extend the framework to add new functionality or adapt simulation behavior as required. A customizable visual interface provides high-level symbolic control of propulsion system construction and execution. For computationally-intensive analysis, components may be distributed across heterogeneous computing architectures and operating systems. A distributed gas turbine engine model is developed and simulated to illustrate the use of the framework. [S0742-4795(00)02403-0]
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Ayari, Rabeh, Imane Hafnaoui, Alexandra Aguiar, Patricia Gilbert, Michel Galibois, Jean-Pierre Rousseau, Giovanni Beltrame, and Gabriela Nicolescu. "Multi-objective mapping of full-mission simulators on heterogeneous distributed multi-processor systems." Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Applications, Methodology, Technology 15, no. 4 (July 25, 2016): 449–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1548512916657907.
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Full-mission simulators (FMSs) are considered the most critical simulation tool belonging to the flight simulator family. FMSs include a faithful reproduction of fighter aircraft. They are used by armed forces for design, training, and investigation purposes. Due to the criticality of their timing constraints and the high computation cost of the whole simulation, FMSs need to run in a high-performance computing system. Heterogeneous distributed systems are among the leading computing platforms and can guarantee a significant increase in performance by providing a large number of parallel powerful execution resources. One of the most persistent challenges raised by these platforms is the difficulty of finding an optimal mapping of n tasks on m processing elements. The mapping problem is considered a variant of the quadratic assignment problem, in which an exhaustive search cannot be performed. The mapping problem is an NP-hard problem and solving it requires the use of meta-heuristics, and it becomes more challenging when one has to optimize more than one objective with respect to the timing constraints. Multi-objective evolutionary algorithms have proven their efficiency when tackling this problem. Most of the existent works deal with the task mapping by considering either a single objective or homogeneous architectures. Therefore, the main contribution of this paper is a framework based on the model-driven design paradigm allowing us to map a set of intercommunicating real-time tasks making up the FMS model onto the heterogeneous distributed multi-processor system model. We propose a multi-objective approach based on the well-known optimization algorithm “Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II” satisfying the tight timing constraints of the simulation and minimizing makespan, communication cost, and memory consumption simultaneously.
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Mengist, Alachew, Lena Buffoni, and Adrian Pop. "An Integrated Framework for Traceability and Impact Analysis in Requirements Verification of Cyber–Physical Systems." Electronics 10, no. 8 (April 20, 2021): 983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10080983.
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In the field of model-based design of Cyber–Physical Systems (CPS), seamless traceability of the process, from requirements to models to simulation results, is becoming increasingly important. It can be used to support several activities such as variant handling, impact analysis, component reuse, software maintenance and evolution, verification, and validation. Despite the fact that the relevance of traceability in the model-based design of CPSs is well known, current tools that support traceability management are inadequate in practice. The lack of comprehensive whole-lifecycle systems engineering support in a single tool is one of the main causes of such ineffective traceability management, where traceability relationships between artifacts are still manually generated and maintained. This paper aims at presenting an approach and a prototype for automatically generating and maintaining the appropriate traceability links between heterogeneous artifacts ranging from requirement models, through design models, down to simulation and verification results throughout the product life cycle in model-based design of CPSs. A use case study is presented to validate and illustrate the proposed method and prototype.
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Steed, Clint Alex. "A simulation-based approach to develop a holonic robotic cell." Industrial Robot: the international journal of robotics research and application 46, no. 1 (January 21, 2019): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-07-2018-0149.
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Purpose This paper aims to present an approach for the simulation of a heterogeneous robotic cell. The simulation enables the cell’s developers to conveniently compare the performance of alternative cell configurations. The approach combines the use of multiple available simulation tools, with a custom holonic cell controller. This overcomes the limitation of currently available robot simulation packages by allowing integration of multiple simulation tools including multiple vendor simulation packages. Design/methodology/approach A feeding cell was developed as a case study representing a typical robotic application. The case study would compare two configurations of the cell, namely, eye-in-hand vision and fixed-camera vision. The authors developed the physical cell in parallel with the simulated cell to validate its performance. Then they used simulation to scale the models (by adding subsystems) and shortlist suitable cell configurations based on initial capital investment and throughput rate per unit cost. The feeding cell consisted of a six-degree of freedom industrial robot (KUKA KR16), two smart cameras (Cognex ism-1100 and DVT Legend 500), an industrial PC (Beckhoff) and custom reconfigurable singulation units. Findings The approach presented here allows the combination of dissimilar simulation models constructed for the above mentioned case study. Experiments showed the model developed in this approach could reasonably predict various eye-in-hand and fixed-camera systems’ performance. Combining the holonic controller with the simulation allows developers to easily compare the performance of a variety of configurations. The use of a common communication platform allowed the communication between multiple simulation packages, allowing multi-vendor simulation, thereby overcoming current limitation in simulation software. Research limitations/implications The case study developed here is considered a typical feeding and assembly application. This is however very different from other robotic applications which should be explored in separate case studies. Simulation packages with the same communication interface as the physical resource can be integrated. If the communication interface is not available, other means of simulation can be used. The case study findings are limited to the specific products being used and their simulation packages. However, these are indicative of typical industry technologies available. Only real-time simulations were considered. Practical implications This simulation-based approach allows designers to quickly quantify the performance of alternative system configurations (eye-in-hand or fixed camera in this case) and scale, thereby enabling them to better optimize robotic cell designs. In addition, the holonic control system’s modular control interface allows for the development of the higher-level controller without hardware and easy replacement of the lower level components with other hardware or simulation models. Originality/value The combination of a holonic control system with a simulation to replace hardware is shown to be a useful tool. The inherent modularity of holonic control systems allows that multiple simulation components be connected, thereby overcoming the limitation of vendor-specific simulation packages.
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McDowell, David L., Hae Jin Choi, Jitesh Panchal, Ryan Austin, Janet Allen, and Farrokh Mistree. "Plasticity-Related Microstructure-Property Relations for Materials Design." Key Engineering Materials 340-341 (June 2007): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.340-341.21.
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Design has traditionally involved selecting a suitable material for a given application. A materials design revolution is underway in which the classical materials selection approach is replaced by design of material microstructure or mesostructure to achieve certain performance requirements such as density, strength, ductility, conductivity, and so on. Often these multiple performance requirements are in conflict in terms of their demands on microstructure. Computational plasticity models play a key role in evaluating structure-property relations necessary to support simulation-based design of heterogeneous, multifunctional metals and alloys. We consider issues related to systems design of several classes of heterogeneous material systems that is robust against various sources of uncertainty. Randomness of microstructure is one such source, as is model idealization error and uncertainty of model parameters. An example is given for design of a four-phase reactive powder metal-metal oxide mixture for initiation of exothermic reactions under shock wave loading. Material attributes (e.g. volume fraction of phases) are designed to be robust against uncertainty due to random variation of microstructure. We close with some challenges to modeling of plasticity in support of design of deformation and damage-resistant microstructures.
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Jiang, Yuyi, Zhiqing Shao, and Yi Guo. "A DAG Scheduling Scheme on Heterogeneous Computing Systems Using Tuple-Based Chemical Reaction Optimization." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/404375.
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A complex computing problem can be solved efficiently on a system with multiple computing nodes by dividing its implementation code into several parallel processing modules or tasks that can be formulated as directed acyclic graph (DAG) problems. The DAG jobs may be mapped to and scheduled on the computing nodes to minimize the total execution time. Searching an optimal DAG scheduling solution is considered to be NP-complete. This paper proposed a tuple molecular structure-based chemical reaction optimization (TMSCRO) method for DAG scheduling on heterogeneous computing systems, based on a very recently proposed metaheuristic method, chemical reaction optimization (CRO). Comparing with other CRO-based algorithms for DAG scheduling, the design of tuple reaction molecular structure and four elementary reaction operators of TMSCRO is more reasonable. TMSCRO also applies the concept of constrained critical paths (CCPs), constrained-critical-path directed acyclic graph (CCPDAG) and super molecule for accelerating convergence. In this paper, we have also conducted simulation experiments to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of TMSCRO upon a large set of randomly generated graphs and the graphs for real world problems.
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Trinh, Hieu, Dinh Cong Huong, and Saeid Nahavandi. "Observer design for positive fractional-order interconnected time-delay systems." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 41, no. 2 (April 19, 2018): 378–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331218757864.
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This paper considers the problem of designing positive reduced-order distributed functional observers for positive fractional-order interconnected time-delay systems. The systems under consideration belong to a class of large-scale fractional-order systems where each system is formed by [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) interconnected subsystems with heterogeneous time delays in the interconnections and the local state vectors. First, a necessary and sufficient condition to ensure the positivity of the considered system is derived. Based on this result, [Formula: see text] stand-alone reduced-order positive distributed functional observers for the system are designed. These observers are always nonnegative at any time and they converge asymptotically to the true functional state vectors of the system. The designed observer for each subsystem is based on the local outputs and additional outputs from other subsystems but without the need to exchange the state estimates among the observers. Conditions for the existence of such positive distributed functional observers are derived and they are translated into a linear programming problem. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed design method is supported by four numerical examples and simulation results.
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Peng, Hao, Can Liu, Dandan Zhao, Zhaolong Hu, and Jianmin Han. "Security Evaluation under Different Exchange Strategies Based on Heterogeneous CPS Model in Interdependent Sensor Networks." Sensors 20, no. 21 (October 28, 2020): 6123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216123.
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In the real Internet of Everything scenario, many large-scale information systems can be converted into interdependent sensor networks, such as smart grids, smart medical systems, and industrial Internet systems. These complex systems usually have multiple interdependent sensor networks. Small faults or failure behaviors between networks may cause serious cascading failure effects of the entire system. Therefore, in this paper, we will focus on the security of interdependent sensor networks. Firstly, by calculating the size of the largest functional component in the entire network, the impact of random attacks on the security of interdependent sensor networks is analyzed. Secondly, it compares and analyzes the impact of cascading failures between interdependent sensor networks under different switching edge strategies. Finally, the simulation results verify the effect of the security of the system under different strategies, and give a better exchange strategy to enhance the security of the system. In addition, the research work in this article can help design how to further optimize the topology of interdependent sensor networks by reducing the impact of cascading failures.
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Chen, Na, Songlin Sun, Michel Kadoch, and Bo Rong. "SDN Controlled mmWave Massive MIMO Hybrid Precoding for 5G Heterogeneous Mobile Systems." Mobile Information Systems 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9767065.
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In 5G mobile network, millimeter wave (mmWave) and heterogeneous networks (Hetnets) are significant techniques to sustain coverage and spectral efficiency. In this paper, we utilize the hybrid precoding to overcome hardware constraints on the analog-only beamforming in mmWave systems. Particularly, we identify the complicated antenna coordination and vast spatial domain information as the outstanding challenges in mmWave Hetnets. In our work, we employ software defined network (SDN) to accomplish radio resource management (RRM) and achieve flexible spacial coordination in mmWave Hetnets. In our proposed scheme, SDN controller is responsible for collecting the user channel state information (CSI) and applying hybrid precoding based on the calculated null-space of victim users. Simulation results show that our design can effectively reduce the interference to victim users and support high quality of service.
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Ristau, Bastian, Torsten Limberg, and Gerhard Fettweis. "A Mapping Framework Based on Packing for Design Space Exploration of Heterogeneous MPSoCs." Journal of Signal Processing Systems 57, no. 1 (April 1, 2008): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11265-008-0171-0.
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Abood, Amany Mohammad, Maysam Sameer Hussein, Zainab G. Faisal, and Zainab H. Tawfiq. "Design and simulation of video monitoring structure over TCP/IP system using MATLAB." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 24, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 1840. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v24.i3.pp1840-1845.
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Video monitoring systems are undergoing an evolution from conventional analog to digital clarification to provide better rate and security over internet protocols. In addition, analog surveillance becomes insufficient to face enormous demand of security of system contains more than hundreds of camera often deployed in hotels environments far away from room control. This paper presents the design and simulation of a video monitoring scheme in excess of a transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP) system using MATLAB. Sophisticated cameras could record directly high-definition digital videos based on digital technology which simply communicate the control room relaying on ordinary internet protocol infrastructure networks. This technology provides a flexible network interface over a wide variety of heterogeneous technology networks. Though, the acceptance of IP designed for video monitoring pretense severe difficulties in terms of power processing, system dependability, required bandwidth, and security of networks. The advantage of IP based video monitoring system has been investigated over conventional analog systems and the challenges of the method are described. The open research issues are still requiring a final solution to permits complete abandon against conventional technology of analog methods. In conclusion, the method to tackle the purpose of video monitoring in actual operation is proposed and verified properly by means of model simulation.
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Sait, Sadiq M., and Ghalib A. Al-Hashim. "Novel Design of Heterogeneous Automation Controller Based on Real-Time Data Distribution Service Middleware to Avoid Obsolescence Challenges." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 25, no. 09 (June 21, 2016): 1650111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126616501115.
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Oil and gas processing facilities utilize various process automation systems with proprietary controllers. As the systems age; older technologies become obsolete resulting in frequent premature capital investments to sustain their operation. This paper presents a new design of automation controller to provide inherent mechanisms for upgrades and/or partial replacement of any obsolete components without obligation for a complete system replacement throughout the expected life cycle of the processing facilities. The input/output racks are physically and logically decoupled from the controller by converting them into distributed autonomous process interface systems. The proprietary input/output communication between the conventional controller CPU and the associated input/output racks is replaced with standard real-time data distribution service middleware for providing seamless cross-vendor interoperable communication between the controller and the distributed autonomous process interface systems. The objective of this change is to allow flexibility of supply for all controller’s subcomponents from multiple vendors to safeguard against premature automation obsolescence challenges. Detailed performance analysis was conducted to evaluate the viability of using the standard real-time data distribution service middleware technology in the design of automation controller to replace the proprietary input/output communication. The key simulation measurements to demonstrate its performance sustainability while growing in controller’s size based on the number of input/output signals are communication latency, variation in packets delays, and communication throughput. The overall performance results confirm the viability of the new proposal as the basis for designing cost effective evergreen process automation solutions that would result in optimum total cost of ownership capital investment throughout the systems’ life span. The only limiting factor is the selected network infrastructure.
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Rahate, Ganesh, and Nilkanth Chopade. "Realistic Vertical Handoff Predictive Trigger Thresholding in Heterogeneous Networks." Ingénierie des systèmes d information 27, no. 4 (August 31, 2022): 557–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/isi.270405.
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The contemporary wireless networks exhibit heterogeneity, i.e., different types of wireless networks co-exist and fulfill the user's needs. Users amongst the available networks prefer the Wi-Fi and 4G networks. Wi-Fi is a choice for homes and offices for limited coverage and high data rate. While for outdoor, 4G is a better choice due to broader coverage and reasonably better average data rates. As user mobility is high nowadays, smooth session transfer is essential amongst such heterogeneous networks to provide seamless connectivity with the best QoS. Currently, video real-time application traffic is in high demand. This paper investigates the heterogeneous /vertical handover performance for realistic traffic and terminal speeds based on the MIH framework. The MIH is IEEE 802.21 standard to maintain the service continuity amongst heterogeneous networks. The primary focus of this paper is to derive the thresholds for speeds and the link layer predictive triggers. These thresholds are helpful in the design of the algorithms to enhance the QoS and user experience. Further, to understand the limitations of the said standard for a given scenario. The packet loss ratio and handover latency are the QoS parameters. The detailed simulations are carried out in NS-2 by considering a realistic scenario of terminal speeds and application traffic (MPEG-4, H.261, and HDTV). The networks chosen for the analysis are Wi-Fi and 4G. The packet loss ratio and handover latency are considered QoS parameters. For the accuracy of results, simulation time is varied as per the user's speed. We derived predictive trigger and speed thresholds critically examined for the given application traffic.
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Martynov, Aleksey, and Dina Abdelzaher. "Iterative problem solving in teams: insights from an agent-based simulation." Team Performance Management 22, no. 1/2 (March 14, 2016): 2–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tpm-04-2015-0023.
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Purpose – This paper aims to evaluate the effect of knowledge overlap, search width and problem complexity on the quality of problem-solving in teams that use the majority rule to aggregate heterogeneous knowledge of the team members. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses agent-based simulations to model iterative problem-solving by teams. The simulation results are analyzed using linear regressions to show the interactions among the variables in the model. Findings – We find that knowledge overlap, search width and problem complexity interact to jointly impact the optimal solution in the iterative problem-solving process of teams using majority rule decisions. Interestingly, we find that more complex problems require less knowledge overlap. Search width and knowledge overlap act as substitutes, weakening each other’s performance effects. Research limitations/implications – The results suggest that team performance in iterative problem-solving depends on interactions among knowledge overlap, search width and problem complexity which need to be jointly examined to reflect realistic team dynamics. Practical implications – The findings suggest that team formation and the choice of a search strategy should be aligned with problem complexity. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the literature on problem-solving in teams. It is the first attempt to use agent-based simulations to model complex problem-solving in teams. The results have both theoretical and practical significance.
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Mamduhi, Mohammad H., Jaya Prakash Champati, James Gross, and Karl H. Johansson. "Where Freshness Matters in the Control Loop: Mixed Age-of-Information and Event-Based Co-Design for Multi-Loop Networked Control Systems." Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks 9, no. 3 (September 21, 2020): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jsan9030043.
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In the design of multi-loop Networked Control Systems (NCSs), wherein each control system is characterized by heterogeneous dynamics and associated with a certain set of timing specifications, appropriate metrics need to be employed for the synthesis of control and networking policies to efficiently respond to the requirements of each control loop. The majority of the design approaches for sampling, scheduling, and control policies include either time-based or event-based metrics to perform pertinent actions in response to the changes of the parameters of interest. We specifically focus in this article on Age-of-Information (AoI) as a recently-developed time-based metric and threshold-based triggering function as a generic Event-Triggered (ET) metric. We consider multiple heterogeneous stochastic linear control systems that close their feedback loops over a shared communication network. We investigate the co-design across the NCS and discuss the pros and cons with the AoI and ET approaches in terms of asymptotic control performance measured by Linear-Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) cost functions. In particular, sampling and scheduling policies combining AoI and stochastic ET metrics are proposed. It is argued that pure AoI functions that generate decision variables solely upon minimizing the average age irrespective of control systems dynamics may not be able to improve the overall NCS performance even compared with purely randomized policies. Our theoretical analysis is validated through several simulation scenarios.
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Jiang, Yan. "Dynamic Spectrum Auction and Load Balancing Algorithm in Heterogeneous Network." International Journal of Advanced Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing 3, no. 3 (July 2011): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/japuc.2011070102.
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Mobile communication plays an important role in the future of communication systems. To meet personalized and intelligent requirements, mobile communication has evolved from single wireless cellular network to heterogeneous mobile communication network, including wireless cellular network, wireless local network, and wireless personal network. In the heterogeneous communication system, to entirely fulfill the spectrum resource complementary advantages of such a heterogeneous wireless network, the spectrum resource trade algorithm has attracted tremendous research efforts. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of dynamic spectrum allocation and load balancing are discussed and spectrum auction takes the place of spectrum allocation to maximize the operation revenue. The authors design a joint spectrum auction and load balancing algorithm (SALB) based on heterogeneous network environment to develop a more flexible and efficient spectrum management. The simulation result shows that SALB increases the operation profit significantly.
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Huang, Yuanhao, Ruifeng Meng, Jingyang Yu, Ziqi Zhao, and Xinyu Zhang. "Practical Obstacle-Overcoming Robot with a Heterogeneous Sensing System: Design and Experiments." Machines 10, no. 5 (April 21, 2022): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10050289.
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It is challenging for robots to improve their ability to pass through unstructured environments while maximizing motion performance in cities and factories. This paper presents an omnidirectional deformable wheeled robot based on a heterogeneous sensing system. We presented a novel structure with dual swing arms and six wheels. Moreover, the heterogeneous sensing system can perceive critical environmental data, such as friction and temperature, to assist the robot in executing different functions. In addition, a top-down ‘Order–Decision–Behaviour’ overall motion strategy is proposed based on the data acquisition. The strategy combines the key condition parameters with a kinetic model to integrate the robot’s movement, overcoming of obstacles, and mode switching. The robot is flexible and fast in moving mode and can overcome obstacles safely, reliably, and simply. This study describes the robot’s design, strategy, simulation, and experiments. Motion performance and strategy were investigated and evaluated in field environments.
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Kriachok, Oleksandr, and Dmytro Sushko. "SIMULATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC PROCESSES IN THE WORKING AREA OF SPECIAL DEVICES CONSIDERING THE INFLUENCE OF THE MAGNETIC SCREEN." Bulletin of the National Technical University «KhPI» Series: New solutions in modern technologies, no. 3(13) (October 26, 2022): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2413-4295.2022.03.03.
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The work is devoted to the creation of a modern web-oriented software platform for designing magnetic systems of special devices and electric machines of new generations that are built on the basis of permanent magnets. To solve the problem of increasing the accuracy of the performed calculations it is necessary to develop new mathematical models that take into account the shielding effect of structural elements on physical processes in electromechanical devices. To obtain mathematical expressions for the calculation of strength components of the magnetic field at given points of piecewise homogeneous space, the method of secondary sources is applied. The studied system is of a generalized design of a magnetic suspension built on the basis of the connected permanent magnets that are facing each other. The entire structure is placed in the shielded housing. Since the electromagnetic system of the device contains parts of a complex shape in its design and has non-linear characteristics of the environment, in order to obtain a mathematical model, an approach is suggested that is based on that a task of calculating the magnetic field for a piecewise homogeneous medium can be formulated in the form systems of Fredholm linear integral equations of the second kind. In accordance with the method of secondary sources, the solution to the field calculation problem is divided into two stages: first the distribution of additional sources is found, the effect of which is equivalent to the influence of a heterogeneous environment on physical processes in work zone, and, at the next stage, based on the principle of superposition of fields, the total magnetic field caused by the presence of primary and secondary sources is calculated. Based on the obtained mathematical model, a calculation algorithm was developed and a web-oriented software system for modeling magnetic field characteristics was created. Using the developed software application, numerical experiments were conducted to simulate the magnetic field in the work zone of an electrical device according to the given electrophysical and geometric design parameters. The proposed approach can be used to solve other similar problems when it is necessary to calculate the characteristics of a system containing permanent magnets in the conditions of a piecewise homogeneous environment.
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Yenigül, N. B., A. T. Hendsbergen, A. M. M. Elfeki, and F. M. Dekking. "Detection of contaminant plumes released from landfills." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 3, no. 3 (June 6, 2006): 819–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-3-819-2006.
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Abstract. Contaminant leaks released from landfills are a significant threat to groundwater quality. The groundwater detection monitoring systems installed in the vicinity of such facilities are vital. In this study the detection probability of a contaminant plume released from a landfill has been investigated by means of both a simulation and an analytical model for both homogeneous and heterogeneous aquifer conditions. The results of the two models are compared for homogeneous aquifer conditions to illustrate the errors that might be encountered with the simulation model. For heterogeneous aquifer conditions contaminant transport is modelled by an analytical model using effective (macro) dispersivities. The results of the analysis show that the simulation model gives the concentration values correctly over most of the plume length for homogeneous aquifer conditions, and that the detection probability of a contaminant plume at given monitoring well locations match quite well. For heterogeneous aquifer conditions the approximating analytical model based on effective (macro) dispersivities yields the average concentration distribution satisfactorily. However, it is insufficient in monitoring system design since the discrepancy between the detection probabilities of contaminant plumes at given monitoring well locations computed by the two models is significant, particularly with high dispersivity and heterogeneity.
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Baktash, Ebrahim, Chi-Heng Lin, Xiaodong Wang, and Mahmood Karimi. "Downlink Linear Precoders Based on Statistical CSI for Multicell MIMO-OFDM." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2017 (2017): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5981659.
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With 5G communication systems on the horizon, efficient interference management in heterogeneous multicell networks is more vital than ever. This paper investigates the linear precoder design for downlink multicell multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems, where base stations (BSs) coordinate to reduce the interference across space and frequency. In order to minimize the overall feedback overhead in next-generation systems, we consider precoding schemes that require statistical channel state information (CSI) only. We apply the random matrix theory to approximate the ergodic weighted sum rate of the system with a closed form expression. After formulating the approximation for general channels, we reduce the results to a more compact form using the Kronecker channel model for which several multicarrier concepts such as frequency selectivity, channel tap correlations, and intercarrier interference (ICI) are rigorously represented. We find the local optimal solution for the maximization of the approximate rate using a gradient method that requires only the covariance structure of the MIMO-OFDM channels. Within this covariance structure are the channel tap correlations and ICI information, both of which are taken into consideration in the precoder design. Simulation results show that the rate approximation is very accurate even for very small MIMO-OFDM systems and the proposed method converges rapidly to a near-optimal solution that competes with networked MIMO and precoders based on instantaneous full CSI.
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van den Berg, Tom, Barry Siegel, and Anthony Cramp. "Containerization of high level architecture-based simulations: A case study." Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Applications, Methodology, Technology 14, no. 2 (September 20, 2016): 115–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1548512916662365.
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NATO and the nations use distributed simulation environments for various purposes, such as training, mission rehearsal, and decision support in acquisition processes. Consequently, modeling and simulation (M&S) has become a critical technology for the coalition and its nations. Achieving interoperability between participating simulation systems and ensuring credibility of results currently often requires enormous effort with regards to time, personnel, and budget. Recent technical developments in the area of cloud computing technology and service oriented architecture (SOA) may offer opportunities to better utilize M&S capabilities in order to satisfy NATO critical needs. A new concept that includes service orientation and the provision of M&S applications via the as-a-service model of cloud computing may enable composable simulation environments that can be deployed rapidly and on-demand. This new concept is known as M&S as a Service (MSaaS). There has also been the recent emergence of containerization as an alternative to virtualization. Containerization is the process of creating, packaging, distributing, deploying, and executing applications in a lightweight and standardized process execution environment known as a container. Because containers are, in principle, lightweight, they are suitable to serve as the vehicle for the provision of packaged (micro)services. Service orientation is an approach to the design of heterogeneous, distributed systems in which solution logic is structured in the form of interoperating services. This paper investigates various aspects of service orientation and containerization including simulation composition, networking, discovery, scalability, and overall performance. This investigation provides background information on the topics of service orientation, containerization, and Docker – a technology ecosystem for working with containers. A case study is presented for the use of Docker in support of a training simulation based on the high level architecture (HLA). The HLA is an IEEE standard architecture for distributed simulation environments that was originally developed for defense applications. The case study introduces a number of training use cases, and shows how Docker can be used to assist in their implementation. The performance impact of running a simulation within container technology is also investigated. The application of container technology to HLA-based simulations as presented in this paper is novel. The motivation for looking at this topic stems from the activity being conducted within NATO MSG-136.
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Medvediev, S. V., and D. H. Lantin. "Airplane Waste Disposal System Tank Designing Using Numerical Simulation and Experimental Bench Results." Journal of Engineering Sciences 6, no. 2 (2019): e41-e46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/jes.2019.6(2).e7.
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Modern passenger aircraft cannot be considered without the requirements to ensure the safety and comfort of passengers on board. One of the systems that provide the necessary comfort on the plane is the waste disposal system, which is designed to meet the physiological needs of the human body. Today, a promising waste disposal system type is a vacuum principle of operation. The vacuum-type waste disposal system is a combination of complex multifunctional subsystems: waste collection, waste storage, vacuumization, drain and flush, system control. Such systems development, consisting of devices, based on heterogeneous physical principles of operation, is a complex scientific and technical problem associated with the conduct of diverse applied research in the field of design, development and targeted use of the system. One main system elements is a waste storage tank. An important step in the tank design is to determine its weight and size characteristics in the early stages of development. These characteristics are significantly influenced by the tank filling process, which also determines the placement of equipment in it. The aim of the work presented in the article is to study the tank filling process with the help of numerical simulation methods. Keywords: vacuum, waste tank, design, experimental bench.
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Tonkoshkur, A. S., A. B. Glot, and A. V. Ivanchenko. "Basic models in dielectric spectroscopy of heterogeneous materials with semiconductor inclusions." Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures 13, no. 1 (June 12, 2017): 36–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mmms-08-2016-0037.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop the models of the dielectric permittivity dispersion of heterogeneous systems based on semiconductors to a level that would allow to apply effectively the method of broadband dielectric spectroscopy for the study of electronic processes in ceramic and composite materials. Design/methodology/approach The new approach for determining the complex dielectric permittivity of heterogeneous systems with semiconductor particles is used. It includes finding the analytical expression of the effective dielectric permittivity of the separate semiconductor particle of spherical shape. This approach takes into account the polarization of the free charge carriers in this particle, including capturing to localized electron states. This enabled the authors to use the known equations for complex dielectric permittivity of two-component matrix systems and statistical mixtures. Findings The presented dispersion equations establish the relationship between the parameters of the dielectric spectrum and electronic processes in the structures like semiconductor particles in a dielectric matrix in a wide frequency range. Conditions of manifestation and location of the different dispersion regions of the complex dielectric heterogeneous systems based on semiconductors in the frequency axis and their features are established. The most high-frequency dispersion region corresponds to the separation of free charge carriers at polarization. After this region in the direction of reducing of the frequency, the dispersion regions caused by recharge bulk and/or surface localized states follow. The most low-frequency dispersion region is caused by recharging electron traps in the boundary layer of the dielectric matrix. Originality/value Dielectric dispersion models are developed that are associated with: electronic processes of separation of free charge carriers in the semiconductor component, recapture of free charge carriers in the localized electronic states in bulk and on the surface of the semiconductor and also boundary layers of the dielectric at the polarization. The authors have analyzed to situations that correspond applicable and promising materials: varistor ceramics and composite structure with conductive and semiconductor fillers. The modelling results correspond to the existing level of understanding of the electron phenomena in matrix systems and statistical mixtures based on semiconductors. It allows to raise efficiency of research and control properties of heterogeneous materials by dielectric spectroscopy.
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LI, Hongquan, Gang Cheng, and Shouyang Wang. "Transaction tax, heterogeneous traders and market volatility." Kybernetes 44, no. 5 (May 5, 2015): 757–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-10-2014-0223.
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Purpose – The securities transaction tax (STT) has been theoretically considered as an important regulation device for decades. However, its role and effectiveness in financial markets is still not well understood both theoretically and empirically. By use of agent-based modeling method, the purpose of this paper is to present a new artificial stock market model with self-adaptive agents, which allows the assessment of the impacts from various levels of STTs in distinctive market environments and thus a comprehensive understanding of the effects of STTs is achieved. Design/methodology/approach – In the model, agents are allowed to employ the strategies used by the following five types of investors: contrarians, random traders, momentum traders, fundamentalists and exit strategy holders. Specifically, the authors start with the investigation of the dynamics of a tax free benchmark market; then the patterns of market behaviors and the behaviors of various types of investors are discussed with different levels of STTs in markets with mild and high fluctuations. Findings – The simulation results consistently show that a moderate transaction tax does contribute to market stabilization in terms of reducing market volatility while with a price of mild decrease of market efficiency and liquidity. The findings suggest that a balance between market stability and efficiency could be reached if regulatory authorities introduce STTs to markets discreetly. Originality/value – This paper enriches the comprehensive understanding of the effects of STT, and gives good explanation about the controversy between Tobin’s proponents and anti-Tobin group.
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Maity, Biswadip, Saehanseul Yi, Dongjoo Seo, Leming Cheng, Sung-Soo Lim, Jong-Chan Kim, Bryan Donyanavard, and Nikil Dutt. "Chauffeur: Benchmark Suite for Design and End-to-End Analysis of Self-Driving Vehicles on Embedded Systems." ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems 20, no. 5s (October 31, 2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3477005.
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Self-driving systems execute an ensemble of different self-driving workloads on embedded systems in an end-to-end manner, subject to functional and performance requirements. To enable exploration, optimization, and end-to-end evaluation on different embedded platforms, system designers critically need a benchmark suite that enables flexible and seamless configuration of self-driving scenarios, which realistically reflects real-world self-driving workloads’ unique characteristics. Existing CPU and GPU embedded benchmark suites typically (1) consider isolated applications, (2) are not sensor-driven, and (3) are unable to support emerging self-driving applications that simultaneously utilize CPUs and GPUs with stringent timing requirements. On the other hand, full-system self-driving simulators (e.g., AUTOWARE, APOLLO) focus on functional simulation, but lack the ability to evaluate the self-driving software stack on various embedded platforms. To address design needs, we present Chauffeur, the first open-source end-to-end benchmark suite for self-driving vehicles with configurable representative workloads. Chauffeur is easy to configure and run, enabling researchers to evaluate different platform configurations and explore alternative instantiations of the self-driving software pipeline. Chauffeur runs on diverse emerging platforms and exploits heterogeneous onboard resources. Our initial characterization of Chauffeur on different embedded platforms – NVIDIA Jetson TX2 and Drive PX2 – enables comparative evaluation of these GPU platforms in executing an end-to-end self-driving computational pipeline to assess the end-to-end response times on these emerging embedded platforms while also creating opportunities to create application gangs for better response times. Chauffeur enables researchers to benchmark representative self-driving workloads and flexibly compose them for different self-driving scenarios to explore end-to-end tradeoffs between design constraints, power budget, real-time performance requirements, and accuracy of applications.
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Heinz, Carsten, Jaco Hofmann, Jens Korinth, Lukas Sommer, Lukas Weber, and Andreas Koch. "The TaPaSCo Open-Source Toolflow." Journal of Signal Processing Systems 93, no. 5 (May 2021): 545–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11265-021-01640-8.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe integration of FPGA-based accelerators into a complete heterogeneous system is a challenging task faced by many researchers and engineers, especially now that FPGAs enjoy increasing popularity as implementation platforms for efficient, application-specific accelerators for domains such as signal processing, machine learning and intelligent storage. To lighten the burden of system integration from the developers of accelerators, the open-source TaPaSCo framework presented in this work provides an automated toolflow for the construction of heterogeneous many-core architectures from custom processing elements, and a simple, uniform programming interface to utilize spatially distributed, parallel computation on FPGAs. TaPaSCo aims to increase the scalability and portability of FPGA designs through automated design space exploration, greatly simplifying the scaling of hardware designs and facilitating iterative growth and portability across FPGA devices and families. This work describes TaPaSCo with its primary design abstractions and shows how TaPaSCo addresses portability and extensibility of FPGA hardware designs for systems-on-chip. A study of successful projects using TaPaSCo shows its versatility and can serve as inspiration and reference for future users, with more details on the usage of TaPaSCo presented in an in-depth case study and a short overview of the workflow.
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Yu, Guang, Shuo Liu, and Qiangqiang Shangguan. "Optimization and Evaluation of Platooning Car-Following Models in a Connected Vehicle Environment." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 21, 2021): 3474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063474.
Full textAbstract:
With the rapid development of information and communication technology, future intelligent transportation systems will exhibit a trend of cooperative driving of connected vehicles. Platooning is an important application technique for cooperative driving. Herein, optimized car-following models for platoon control based on intervehicle communication technology are proposed. On the basis of existing indicators, a series of evaluation methods for platoon safety, stability, and energy consumption is constructed. Numerical simulations are used to compare the effects of three traditional models and their optimized counterparts on the car-following process. Moreover, the influence of homogenous and heterogeneous attributes on the platoon is analyzed. The optimized model proposed in this paper can improve the stability and safety of vehicle following and reduce the total fuel consumption. The simulation results show that a homogenous platoon can enhance the overall stability of the platoon and that the desired safety margin (DSM) model is better suited for heterogeneous platoon control than the other two models. This paper provides a practical method for the design and systematic evaluation of a platoon control strategy, which is one of the key focuses in the connected and autonomous vehicle industry.
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Ayyagari, A., and A. Ray. "A Fiber-Optic-Based Protocol for Manufacturing System Networks: Part I—Conceptual Development and Architecture." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 114, no. 1 (March 1, 1992): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2896492.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) is to put together the diverse areas of engineering, design and production processes, material inventory, sales and purchasing, and accounting and administration into a single interactive closed loop control system [1]. Essential to this distributed total manufacturing system is the integrated communications network over which the information leading to process interactions, and plant management and control will flow. Such a network must be capable of handling heterogeneous real-time (e.g., data packets for inter-machine communications at the factory floor) and non-real-time (e.g., Computer Aided Design (CAD) drawings, design specifications, and administrative information) traffic. This sequence of papers in two parts presents the development and analysis of a novel fiber-optic-based medium access control (MAC) protocol for integrated factory and office communications. Its adaptation as the common MAC layer protocol in the fiber-optic-based version of Manufacturing Automation Protocol (MAP) [2] and Technical and Office Protocols (TOP) [3], will make their specifications identical up to the presentation layer; only the application layer which is user-specific could be different. This first part provides the necessary background for the reported work and details of the protocol which is represented by a finite-state-machine model. Part II [4] presents the performance analysis of the protocol using a statistical model, and a comparison of the simulation and analytical results.