Journal articles: 'Heterogeneous reactions'

1

Davies, J. T. "Heterogeneous Reactions." Chemical Engineering Science 40, no. 9 (1985): 1808–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(85)80056-7.

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Szöllösi, György, Csaba Somlai, Pál Tamás Szabó, and Mihály Bartók. "Heterogeneous asymmetric reactions." Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 170, no. 1-2 (May 2001): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1381-1169(01)00057-7.

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Bartók, Mihály, György Szöllösi, Katalin Balázsik, and Tibor Bartók. "Heterogeneous asymmetric reactions." Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 177, no. 2 (January 2002): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1381-1169(01)00278-3.

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Felföldi, Károly, Katalin Balázsik, and Mihály Bartók. "Heterogeneous asymmetric reactions." Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 202, no. 1-2 (August 2003): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1381-1169(03)00194-8.

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Szöri, Kornél, Mária Sutyinszki, Károly Felföldi, and Mihály Bartók. "Heterogeneous asymmetric reactions." Applied Catalysis A: General 237, no. 1-2 (November 2002): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0926-860x(02)00219-3.

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Varga, Tibor, Károly Felföldi, Péter Forgó, and Mihály Bartók. "Heterogeneous asymmetric reactions." Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 216, no. 2 (July 2004): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2004.03.019.

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Balázsik, Katalin, and Mihály Bartók. "Heterogeneous asymmetric reactions." Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 219, no. 2 (September 2004): 383–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2004.05.011.

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Kun, István, Béla Török, Károly Felföldi, and Mihály Bartók. "Heterogeneous asymmetric reactions." Applied Catalysis A: General 203, no. 1 (September 2000): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0926-860x(00)00473-7.

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9

Hájek, Milan. "Microwave Activation of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactions." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 62, no. 2 (1997): 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19970347.

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Microwave heating was applied in homogeneous and in heterogeneous reactions and the results were compared from the point of view of activation of chemical reactions. Reactions including the addition of halo compounds to alkenes catalyzed by copper and ruthenium complexes in different solvents and NaY zeolite catalyzed alkylation of secondary amine in the absence of solvent were studied as model reactions to compare possibilities of microwave activation of reactants and catalysts. Rate enhancement of over one order of magnitude in homogeneous reactions was caused mainly by thermal dielectric heating effect which resulted from the effective coupling of microwaves to polar solvents. Activation of reactants and catalysts was very low if any. In heterogeneously catalyzed alkylation reactions highly efficient activation of zeolite catalyst was recorded. The results indicated that the best reaction conditions were in experiments when both activation of catalyst and performance of reaction were carried out under microwave conditions. Rate enhancement was most probably caused by "hot spots" or by "selective heating" of active sites. In both homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions non-thermal activation (specific effect) was excluded.

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Stadtler, Scarlet, David Simpson, Sabine Schröder, Domenico Taraborrelli, Andreas Bott, and Martin Schultz. "Ozone impacts of gas–aerosol uptake in global chemistry transport models." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 5 (March 5, 2018): 3147–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3147-2018.

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Abstract. The impact of six heterogeneous gas–aerosol uptake reactions on tropospheric ozone and nitrogen species was studied using two chemical transport models, the Meteorological Synthesizing Centre-West of the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP MSC-W) and the European Centre Hamburg general circulation model combined with versions of the Hamburg Aerosol Model and Model for Ozone and Related chemical Tracers (ECHAM-HAMMOZ). Species undergoing heterogeneous reactions in both models include N2O5, NO3, NO2, O3, HNO3, and HO2. Since heterogeneous reactions take place at the aerosol surface area, the modelled surface area density (Sa) of both models was compared to a satellite product retrieving the surface area. This comparison shows a good agreement in global pattern and especially the capability of both models to capture the extreme aerosol loadings in east Asia. The impact of the heterogeneous reactions was evaluated by the simulation of a reference run containing all heterogeneous reactions and several sensitivity runs. One reaction was turned off in each sensitivity run to compare it with the reference run. The analysis of the sensitivity runs confirms that the globally most important heterogeneous reaction is the one of N2O5. Nevertheless, NO2, HNO3, and HO2 heterogeneous reactions gain relevance particularly in east Asia due to the presence of high NOx concentrations and high Sa in the same region. The heterogeneous reaction of O3 itself on dust is of minor relevance compared to the other heterogeneous reactions. The impacts of the N2O5 reactions show strong seasonal variations, with the biggest impacts on O3 in springtime when photochemical reactions are active and N2O5 levels still high. Evaluation of the models with northern hemispheric ozone surface observations yields a better agreement of the models with observations in terms of concentration levels, variability, and temporal correlations at most sites when the heterogeneous reactions are incorporated. Our results are loosely consistent with results from earlier studies, although the magnitude of changes induced by N2O5 reaction is at the low end of estimates, which seems to fit a trend, whereby the more recent the study the lower the impacts of these reactions.

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11

Rossi, Michel J. "Heterogeneous Reactions on Salts." Chemical Reviews 103, no. 12 (December 2003): 4823–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr020507n.

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12

Yang, Qiming, Hu Wang, Xiang Wang, and Yizhu Lei. "Recent Developments in Direct C–H Functionalization of Quinoxalin-2(1H)-Ones via Heterogeneous Catalysis Reactions." Molecules 28, no. 13 (June 27, 2023): 5030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28135030.

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In recent years, Web of Science has published nearly one hundred reports per year on quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones, which have attracted great interest due to their wide applications in pharmaceutical and materials fields, especially in recyclable heterogeneous catalytic reactions for direct C–H functionalisation. This review summarises for the first time the methods and reaction mechanisms of heterogeneous catalytic reactions of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones, including six major types of heterogeneous catalysts involved. The heterogeneous reactions of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones are summarised by classifying different types of catalytic materials (graphitic phase carbon nitride, MOF, COF, ion exchange resin, piezoelectric materials, and microsphere catalysis). In addition, this review discusses the future development of heterogeneous catalytic reactions of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones, including the construction of C-B/Si/P/RF/X/Se bonds by heterogeneous catalytic reactions, the enrichment of heterogeneous catalysts such as metal oxides, graphene-based composites, doped metal nanoparticles, and molecular sieve-based porous materials, asymmetric synthesis, and other areas. The aim of this review is to contribute to the development of green and sustainable heterogeneous reaction methods for quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with applications in materials chemistry and pharmacology.

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13

Damera, Thirupathi, Ramakanth Pagadala, Surjyakanta Rana, and Sreekantha Babu Jonnalagadda. "A Concise Review of Multicomponent Reactions Using Novel Heterogeneous Catalysts under Microwave Irradiation." Catalysts 13, no. 7 (June 24, 2023): 1034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13071034.

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Multi-component reactions for the construction of heterocycles have been fascinated by microwave energy as an alternative technique of heating, owing to the advantages over traditional reflux methods. The heterogeneous catalysts contribute significantly towards recycling, harmless, easy filtration, catalyst preparation, more life span, abundance, and product yields. With novel and creative uses in organic and peptide synthesis, polymer chemistry, material sciences, nanotechnology, and biological processes, the usage of microwave energy has rapidly increased during the past 20 years. This article covers multicomponent reactions involving construction of chromenes, pyridines, pyrroles, triazoles, pyrazoles, tetrazoles, trans and cis julolidines using heterogeneous catalysts under microwave. It provides an overview of contemporary microwave-assisted heterogeneous catalytic reactions. Microwave chemistry is now an established technology with several advantages regarding reaction rate and production yield, improving energy savings as confirmed by many applications. Due to the widespread curiosity in medicinal chemistry, the heterogeneously catalysed construction of heterocycles under microwave irradiation is explored to reduce time and energy. By considering various aspects of economy, eco-friendly, and user-friendly factors, this review focuses on recent advances in the multi-component construction of heterocycles using heterogeneous catalysts under microwave irradiation. This review also discusses the benefits and limitations of reaction conditions and yields from the literature reports for the past five years.

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14

Akyalcin, Sema. "Kinetic study of the hydration of propylene oxide in the presence of heterogeneous catalyst." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 23, no. 4 (2017): 573–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq170203011a.

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The kinetics of the hydration of propylene oxide was studied using a pressurized batch reactor for both uncatalyzed and heterogeneously catalyzed reactions. Lewatit MonoPlus M500/HCO3 - was used as heterogeneous catalyst, which showed better performance than Dowex Marathon A/HCO3 -. The effects of the parameters, namely internal and external diffusion resistances, temperature, catalyst loading and mole ratios of reactants, on the reaction rate were studied. The uncatalyzed and heterogeneously catalyzed reactions were proven to follow a series-parallel irreversible homogeneous mechanism. The temperature dependencies of the rate constants appearing in the rate expressions were determined.

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15

Naldoni, Alberto, Francesca Riboni, Urcan Guler, Alexandra Boltasseva, Vladimir M. Shalaev, and Alexander V. Kildishev. "Solar-Powered Plasmon-Enhanced Heterogeneous Catalysis." Nanophotonics 5, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 112–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2016-0018.

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AbstractPhotocatalysis uses semiconductors to convert sunlight into chemical energy. Recent reports have shown that plasmonic nanostructures can be used to extend semiconductor light absorption or to drive direct photocatalysis with visible light at their surface. In this review, we discuss the fundamental decay pathway of localized surface plasmons in the context of driving solar-powered chemical reactions. We also review different nanophotonic approaches demonstrated for increasing solar-to-hydrogen conversion in photoelectrochemical water splitting, including experimental observations of enhanced reaction selectivity for reactions occurring at the metalsemiconductor interface. The enhanced reaction selectivity is highly dependent on the morphology, electronic properties, and spatial arrangement of composite nanostructures and their elements. In addition, we report on the particular features of photocatalytic reactions evolving at plasmonic metal surfaces and discuss the possibility of manipulating the reaction selectivity through the activation of targeted molecular bonds. Finally, using solar-to-hydrogen conversion techniques as an example, we quantify the efficacy metrics achievable in plasmon-driven photoelectrochemical systems and highlight some of the new directions that could lead to the practical implementation of solar-powered plasmon-based catalytic devices.

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16

Weller, Sol William. "Kinetics of Heterogeneous Catalyzed Reactions." Catalysis Reviews 34, no. 3 (August 1992): 227–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01614949208020307.

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17

Kortsenshteyn, N. M., and E. V. Samuilov. "Bulk condensation during heterogeneous reactions." Colloid Journal 75, no. 1 (January 2013): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1061933x13010055.

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18

Blanchard, M., L. Wendlinger, and P. Canesson. "Heterogeneous catalytic reactions of chlorofluorocarbons." Applied Catalysis 59, no. 1 (March 1990): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-9834(00)82191-0.

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19

Ross, Julian. "Kinetics of heterogeneous catalytic reactions." Applied Catalysis 16, no. 2 (May 1985): 268–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-9834(00)84492-9.

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20

Climent, Maria J., Avelino Corma, Sara Iborra, and Maria J. Sabater. "Heterogeneous Catalysis for Tandem Reactions." ACS Catalysis 4, no. 3 (February 13, 2014): 870–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cs401052k.

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21

Hodnett, B. "Heterogeneous catalysis in organic reactions." Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 8, no. 2 (April 11, 1996): N22—N23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0926-3373(96)80037-3.

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22

Alebić-Juretić, A., T. Cvitas̆, and L. Klasinc. "Kinetics of heterogeneous ozone reactions." Chemosphere 41, no. 5 (September 2000): 667–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-6535(99)00485-3.

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23

Laszlo, Pierre. "Heterogeneous catalysis of organic reactions." Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 11, no. 5 (May 1998): 356–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1395(199805)11:5<356::aid-poc33>3.0.co;2-h.

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24

Kashid, Madhvanand N., David W. Agar, Albert Renken, and Lioubov Kiwi-Minsker. "ChemInform Abstract: Heterogeneous Multiphase Reactions." ChemInform 41, no. 44 (October 7, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201044272.

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25

Juera-Ong, Panupong, Kritsakon Pongraktham, Ye Min Oo, and Krit Somnuk. "Reduction in Free Fatty Acid Concentration in Sludge Palm Oil Using Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Catalysis: Process Optimization, and Reusable Heterogeneous Catalysts." Catalysts 12, no. 9 (September 6, 2022): 1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12091007.

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Acid catalysts including Amberlyst 15 and sulfuric acid were used for heterogeneous and homogeneous catalyst reactions respectively, to reduce high free fatty acid (FFA) in sludge palm oil (SPO) using an esterification process. The goal of this research was to reduce high FFA content in SPO to less than 1 wt.% FFA so that it can be employed as a raw material in a transesterification process to produce biodiesel. Amberlyst 15 is an eco-friendly catalyst with many benefits, such as being reusable and generating non-toxic waste after reactions, compared to homogeneous catalysts, although the reaction time of the homogeneous catalyst was faster than the heterogeneous catalytic reaction. Therefore, esterification reactions with a heterogeneous and homogeneous catalytic reaction were carried out to examine conversion of FFA. The heterogeneous catalytic reaction decreased the FFA content from 89.16 wt.% to 1.26 wt.% under the recommended conditions of 44.7 wt.% methanol, 38.6 wt.% Amberlyst 15 catalyst loading, and 360 min reaction time. For homogeneous catalytic reaction, the FFA content of 1.03 wt.% was achieved under the recommended conditions of 58.4 wt.% methanol, 16.8 wt.% sulfuric acid, and 79.7 min reaction time. Furthermore, the results of the reusability research demonstrate that the heterogeneous catalyst may be reused for at least nine cycles. This research showed the promising potential of using SPO non-edible oil for biodiesel production by employing an eco-friendly heterogeneous catalyst for cost-effective environmental remediation.

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26

ZHDANOV, VLADIMIR P. "BORESKOV–HORIUTI–ENOMOTO RULES FOR REVERSIBLE HETEROGENEOUS CATALYTIC REACTIONS." Surface Review and Letters 14, no. 03 (June 2007): 419–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x0700958x.

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In the middle of the previous century, G. K. Boreskov, and J. Horiuti and S. Enomoto independently showed that for reversible reactions, running via a one-route mechanism with a rate-limiting step, there exist general relationships between the reaction rates in the forward and backward directions and also between the corresponding apparent activation energies and reaction heat. Their treatments are formally applicable to gas- and liquid-phase reactions and also to heterogeneous catalytic reactions (HCR) occurring in an ideal overlayer adsorbed on a uniform surface. In reality, HCR often run on heterogeneous surfaces, and the HCR kinetics are complicated by adsorbate–adsorbate lateral interactions. I explicitly demonstrate that in such situations the Boreskov–Horiuti–Enomoto rules are applicable as well.

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27

Qiu, Xionghui, Qi Ying, Shuxiao Wang, Lei Duan, Jian Zhao, Jia Xing, Dian Ding, et al. "Modeling the impact of heterogeneous reactions of chlorine on summertime nitrate formation in Beijing, China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 10 (May 21, 2019): 6737–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6737-2019.

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Abstract. Comprehensive chlorine heterogeneous chemistry is incorporated into the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model to evaluate the impact of chlorine-related heterogeneous reaction on diurnal and nocturnal nitrate formation and quantify the nitrate formation from gas-to-particle partitioning of HNO3 and from different heterogeneous pathways. The results show that these heterogeneous reactions increase the atmospheric Cl2 and ClNO2 level (∼ 100 %), which further affects the nitrate formation. Sensitivity analyses of uptake coefficients show that the empirical uptake coefficient for the O3 heterogeneous reaction with chlorinated particles may lead to the large uncertainties in the predicted Cl2 and nitrate concentrations. The N2O5 uptake coefficient with particulate Cl− concentration dependence performs better in capturing the concentration of ClNO2 and nocturnal nitrate concentration. The reaction of OH and NO2 in the daytime increases the nitrate by ∼15 % when the heterogeneous chlorine chemistry is incorporated, resulting in more nitrate formation from HNO3 gas-to-particle partitioning. By contrast, the contribution of the heterogeneous reaction of N2O5 to nitrate concentrations decreases by about 27 % in the nighttime, when its reactions with chlorinated particles are considered. However, the generated gas-phase ClNO2 from the heterogeneous reaction of N2O5 and chlorine-containing particles further reacts with the particle surface to increase the nitrate by 6 %. In general, this study highlights the potential of significant underestimation of daytime concentrations and overestimation of nighttime nitrate concentrations for chemical transport models without proper chlorine chemistry in the gas and particle phases.

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28

Johnson, Matthew T., Hermann B. Schmalzried, and C. Barry Carter. "Heterogeneous solid-state reactions between MgO(00l) and iron oxide." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 54 (August 11, 1996): 642–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100165677.

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The transport properties of the diffusing species in heterogeneous solid-state reactions are affected by concentration gradients, temperature gradients, stress fields and electric fields. In the present study, interfacial reactions between thin films of iron oxide and bulk monocrystalline MgO{001}, resulting in the formation of the spinel product MgFe2O4, were carried out separately as a function of time and temperature, applied external electric field and partial pressure of oxygen. Electron microscopy techniques have been utilized to investigate the reaction kinetics and interface morphology.The reaction couples were produced by means of pulsed-laser deposition (PLD). The setup for PLD has been described elsewhere. By depositing high-quality oxide films on bulk substrates, a well controlled geometry can be fabricated which is conducive to the study of fundamental processes in solid-state reactions. In producing the reaction couples, 600nm of iron oxide was deposited on monocrystalline MgO{001}. The reaction couples were then reacted under varying conditions and analyzed, using both scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

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29

Ito, Masaki, Tatsu Kuwatani, Ryosuke Oyanagi, and Toshiaki Omori. "Data-Driven Analysis of Nonlinear Heterogeneous Reactions through Sparse Modeling and Bayesian Statistical Approaches." Entropy 23, no. 7 (June 28, 2021): 824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23070824.

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Heterogeneous reactions are chemical reactions that occur at the interfaces of multiple phases, and often show a nonlinear dynamical behavior due to the effect of the time-variant surface area with complex reaction mechanisms. It is important to specify the kinetics of heterogeneous reactions in order to elucidate the microscopic elementary processes and predict the macroscopic future evolution of the system. In this study, we propose a data-driven method based on a sparse modeling algorithm and sequential Monte Carlo algorithm for simultaneously extracting substantial reaction terms and surface models from a number of candidates by using partial observation data. We introduce a sparse modeling approach with non-uniform sparsity levels in order to accurately estimate rate constants, and the sequential Monte Carlo algorithm is employed to estimate time courses of multi-dimensional hidden variables. The results estimated using the proposed method show that the rate constants of dissolution and precipitation reactions that are typical examples of surface heterogeneous reactions, necessary surface models, and reaction terms underlying observable data were successfully estimated from only observable temporal changes in the concentration of the dissolved intermediate products.

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30

Huo, Guanping, and Xueyan Guo. "Numerical Analyses of Heterogeneous CLC Reaction and Transport Processes in Large Oxygen Carrier Particles." Processes 9, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9010125.

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Heterogeneous chemical looping combustion (CLC) reactions and conjugate transports in large oxygen carrier particles were numerically investigated with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approaches, in which a simplified noncatalytic reaction model was implemented for reducing intraparticle modelling computation. Volumic gas-solid reactions were treated as surface reactions based on the equivalent internal surface in the particle model. In large porous particles such as fixed bed CLC reactors, the heterogeneous reactions are often limited by intraparticle diffusion. Comprehensive analyses were conducted on transports across the particle surface and their influences on reactions inside the single particles. A threshold Reynolds number of external convections was found for the enhancement of intraparticle reactions. The heterogeneous reactions, intraparticle diffusions and interstitial transports in a fixed bed CLC reactor randomly packed with 597 spheres were thoroughly analysed with the same numerical approaches. Comprehensive insights of the temporal evolution and spatial distribution of scalars in the packed bed reactor were presented.

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Huo, Guanping, and Xueyan Guo. "Numerical Analyses of Heterogeneous CLC Reaction and Transport Processes in Large Oxygen Carrier Particles." Processes 9, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9010125.

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Heterogeneous chemical looping combustion (CLC) reactions and conjugate transports in large oxygen carrier particles were numerically investigated with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approaches, in which a simplified noncatalytic reaction model was implemented for reducing intraparticle modelling computation. Volumic gas-solid reactions were treated as surface reactions based on the equivalent internal surface in the particle model. In large porous particles such as fixed bed CLC reactors, the heterogeneous reactions are often limited by intraparticle diffusion. Comprehensive analyses were conducted on transports across the particle surface and their influences on reactions inside the single particles. A threshold Reynolds number of external convections was found for the enhancement of intraparticle reactions. The heterogeneous reactions, intraparticle diffusions and interstitial transports in a fixed bed CLC reactor randomly packed with 597 spheres were thoroughly analysed with the same numerical approaches. Comprehensive insights of the temporal evolution and spatial distribution of scalars in the packed bed reactor were presented.

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32

Krylov, Oleg V., and A. Kh Mamedov. "Heterogeneous catalytic reactions of carbon dioxide." Russian Chemical Reviews 64, no. 9 (September 30, 1995): 877–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/rc1995v064n09abeh000182.

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33

Moore, S. B., L. F. Keyser, M.-T. Leu, R. P. Turco, and R. H. Smith. "Heterogeneous reactions on nitric acid trihydrate." Nature 345, no. 6273 (May 1990): 333–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/345333a0.

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34

Herrmann, Jean-Marie. "Isokinetic consecutive reactions in heterogeneous catalysis." Applied Catalysis A: General 156, no. 2 (August 1997): 285–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0926-860x(97)00005-7.

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35

Engel, Christoph. "Estimating heterogeneous reactions to experimental treatments." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 178 (October 2020): 124–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2020.07.011.

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Elizarov, A. I., and A. V. Sukachov. "New method for visualizing heterogeneous reactions." Vacuum 54, no. 1-4 (July 1999): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0042-207x(98)00470-9.

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Mikos, Antonios G., and Costas Kiparissides. "Skin formation in heterogeneous polymerization reactions." Journal of Membrane Science 59, no. 2 (June 1991): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0376-7388(00)81184-9.

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Chuen-Ying, Liu, Chang Huan-Tsung, and Hu Cho-Chun. "Complexation reactions in a heterogeneous system." Inorganica Chimica Acta 172, no. 2 (June 1990): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-1693(00)80850-6.

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39

Browning, Martin, Lars Gårn Hansen, and Sinne Smed. "Heterogeneous Consumer Reactions to Health News." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 101, no. 2 (August 3, 2018): 579–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aay055.

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40

Fraile, José M., José A. Mayoral, Nicoletta Ravasio, Marta Roldán, Laura Sordelli, and Federica Zaccheria. "Heterogeneous catalysts for carbene insertion reactions." Journal of Catalysis 281, no. 2 (July 2011): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2011.05.008.

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41

Ali, Md Eaqub, Md Motiar Rahman, Shaheen M. Sarkar, and Sharifah Bee Abd Hamid. "Heterogeneous Metal Catalysts for Oxidation Reactions." Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/192038.

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Oxidation reactions may be considered as the heart of chemical synthesis. However, the indiscriminate uses of harsh and corrosive chemicals in this endeavor are threating to the ecosystems, public health, and terrestrial, aquatic, and aerial flora and fauna. Heterogeneous catalysts with various supports are brought to the spotlight because of their excellent capabilities to accelerate the rate of chemical reactions with low cost. They also minimize the use of chemicals in industries and thus are friendly and green to the environment. However, heterogeneous oxidation catalysis are not comprehensively presented in literature. In this short review, we clearly depicted the current state of catalytic oxidation reactions in chemical industries with specific emphasis on heterogeneous catalysts. We outlined here both the synthesis and applications of important oxidation catalysts. We believe it would serve as a reference guide for the selection of oxidation catalysts for both industries and academics.

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SALAZAR, J., and M. LALLEMANT. "Periodic behaviour in heterogeneous chemical reactions." Solid State Ionics 50, no. 3-4 (February 1992): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2738(92)90224-d.

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Göndös, György, Lajos Gera, Mihály Bartók, and James C. Orr. "Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic asymmetric reactions." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 373, no. 3 (September 1989): 365–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-328x(89)85065-x.

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44

Wittmann, Gyula, Gizella B. Bartók, Mihály Bartók, and Gerard V. Smith. "Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic asymmetric reactions." Journal of Molecular Catalysis 60, no. 1 (May 1990): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-5102(90)85061-l.

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45

Albayati, Talib M. N., Sophie E. Wilkinson, Arthur A. Garforth, and Aidan M. Doyle. "Heterogeneous Alkane Reactions over Nanoporous Catalysts." Transport in Porous Media 104, no. 2 (June 4, 2014): 315–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11242-014-0336-1.

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46

Matros, Yu Sh. "Unsteady performance of heterogeneous catalytic reactions." Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters 35, no. 1-2 (March 1987): 425–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02062177.

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Hua, Inez, Namgoo Kang, Chad T. Jafvert, and José R. Fábrega-Duque. "Heterogeneous photochemical reactions of decabromodiphenyl ether." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 22, no. 4 (April 2003): 798–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620220418.

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Luo, Laihao, Hongliang Li, Yuhan Peng, Chen Feng, and Jie Zeng. "Rh-Based Nanocatalysts for Heterogeneous Reactions." ChemNanoMat 4, no. 5 (April 23, 2018): 451–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnma.201800033.

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Schuurman, Yves, and Pascal Granger. "Multiscale and Innovative Kinetic Approaches in Heterogeneous Catalysis." Catalysts 9, no. 6 (May 31, 2019): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9060501.

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Abstract:

Kinetics and reactor modeling for heterogeneous catalytic reactions are prominent tools for investigating, and understanding, the catalyst functionalities at nanoscale, and related rates of complex reaction networks [...]

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Skakauskas, Vladas, and Pranas Katauskis. "On the kinetics of the Langmuir-type heterogeneous reactions." Nonlinear Analysis: Modelling and Control 16, no. 4 (December 7, 2011): 467–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/na.16.4.14089.

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In this paper we investigate three two-dimensional in space mathematical models of the kinetics of unimolecular heterogeneous reactions proceeding onto planar surfaces. All models include the diffusion of the reactant from a bounded vessel towards an adsorbent, adsorption of the molecules of the reactant, their desorption, conversion (reaction) of the adsorbate into a product, instantaneous product desorption, and the diffusion of the product from the adsorbent into the same vessel. One of these models is based on the Langmuir-type kinetics of the surface reactions, the other one is based on the local steady-state value of the surface coverage, and the last one, in addition to the first model, involves the diffusion of the adsorbate along the adsorbent. Diffusivity of all species is assumed to be constant. Models were solved numerically by using the finite difference technique. By changing input parameters the effects of the rate constants of the reactant adsorption, desorption, and reaction and the influence of the surface diffusion of the adsorbate and approximation of the surface coverage by its steady-state value on the kinetics of surface reactions were studied numerically.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Heterogeneous reactions'

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