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Journal articles on the topic 'Heterogeneous Polystyrene'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Lemaire, Marc. "Heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis." Pure and Applied Chemistry 76, no. 3 (January 1, 2004): 679–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200476030679.

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Examples of enantioselective catalysts, including homogeneous supported catalysts and biphasic liquid/liquid, are described and compared. In the case of asymmetric hydride transfer, polythiourea was proven to be more efficient for ruthenium-catalyzed reduction of arylketones, although the iridium complexes gave rise to higher ee when using amino sulfonamide bound to a polystyrene matrix. In the case of asymmetric reduction, the modification of the binap allows the formation of a polymer that could be used as a catalyst precursor and exhibits enantioselectivities as high as observed in solution, but easier to separate and recycle. Bisoxazoline bound to silica particules could also be used in copper-catalyzed asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction and cyclopropanation with selectivities similar to that obtained in solution.

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2

Barbosa, Antonio C. F., Marcelo R. Pace, Luciana Witovisk, and Veronica Angyalossy. "A new method to obtain good anatomical slides of heterogeneous plant parts." IAWA Journal 31, no. 4 (2010): 373–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000030.

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A new method is presented to prepare anatomical slides of plant materials including a combination of soft and hard tissues, such as stems with cambial variants, arboreal monocotyledons, and tree bark. The method integrates previous techniques aimed at softening the samples and making them thereby more homogeneous, with the use of anti-tearing polystyrene foam solution. In addition, we suggest two other alternatives to protect the sections from tearing: adhesive tape and/or Mayer’s albumin adhesive, both combined with the polystyrene foam solution. This solution is cheap and easy to make by dissolving any packaging polystyrene in butyl acetate. It is applied before each section is cut on a sliding microtome and ensures that all the tissues in the section will hold together. This novel microtechnical procedure will facilitate the study of heterogeneous plant portions, as shown in some illustrated examples.

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3

Malik, Muhammad Salman, Asif Ali Qaiser, and Muhammad Ahmed Arif. "Structural and electrochemical studies of heterogeneous ion exchange membranes based on polyaniline-coated cation exchange resin particles." RSC Advances 6, no. 116 (2016): 115046–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra24594c.

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4

Yu, Rongbing, Shupeng Zhang, Yuting Luo, Ruofei Bai, Jiangfang Zhou, and Haiou Song. "Synthetic possibility of polystyrene functionalization based on hydroxyl groups of graphene oxide as nucleophiles." New Journal of Chemistry 39, no. 7 (2015): 5096–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nj00815h.

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5

Wang, Chia-Ying, and M. D. Ediger. "Lifetime of spatially heterogeneous dynamic domains in polystyrene melts." Journal of Chemical Physics 112, no. 15 (April 15, 2000): 6933–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.481319.

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6

Dong, Laura Beth, Salomon Turgman-Cohen, George W. Roberts, and Douglas J. Kiserow. "Effect of Polymer Size on Heterogeneous Catalytic Polystyrene Hydrogenation." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 49, no. 22 (November 17, 2010): 11280–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie1011905.

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7

Nair, Vipin A., Suni M. Mustafa, and Sreekumar Krishnapillai. "Polystyrene Supported Manganese Complexes: Heterogeneous Catalysts for Oxidation Reactions." Journal of Polymer Research 10, no. 4 (2003): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:jpol.0000004629.53837.b3.

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8

Liang, Yeru, Luyi Chen, Dongyang Zhuang, Hao Liu, Ruowen Fu, Mingqiu Zhang, Dingcai Wu, and Krzysztof Matyjaszewski. "Fabrication and nanostructure control of super-hierarchical carbon materials from heterogeneous bottlebrushes." Chemical Science 8, no. 3 (2017): 2101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6sc03961h.

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Super-hierarchical carbons with a unique carbonaceous hybrid nanotube-interconnected porous network were fabricated by utilizing well-defined carbon nanotube@polystyrene bottlebrushes as building blocks.

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9

Sharma, Saurabh, Yamini Yamini, and Pralay Das. "Hydrogenation of nitroarenes to anilines in a flow reactor using polystyrene supported rhodium in a catalyst-cartridge (Cart-Rh@PS)." New Journal of Chemistry 43, no. 4 (2019): 1764–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nj04646h.

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The present methodology described the chemo-selective hydrogenation of various nitroarenes in a flow reactor under polystyrene supported rhodium in a catalyst-cartridge (Cart-Rh@PS) as a heterogeneous nano-catalyst.

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10

Hassan, Yusuf, Rosa Klein, and Perry T. Kaye. "Synthesis and characterization of new chiral ketopinic acid-derived catalysts immobilized on polystyrene-bound imidazole." Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry 28, no. 1 (February 23, 2017): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auoc-2017-0002.

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Abstract Four new chiral ketopinic acid-derived catalysts were anchored on a polystyrene-bound imidazole via non-covalent bond. The resulting heterogeneous catalysts were successfully characterized using IR, SEM, and TGA analyses.

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11

Noble, Kristen F., Alexandria M. Noble, Samantha J. Talley, and Robert B. Moore. "Blocky bromination of syndiotactic polystyrene via post-polymerization functionalization in the heterogeneous gel state." Polymer Chemistry 9, no. 41 (2018): 5095–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8py01008k.

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This work demonstrates the successful blocky bromination of syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS-co-sPS-Br) copolymers containing 6–30 mol% p-bromostyrene units, using a post-polymerization functionalization method conducted in the heterogeneous gel state.

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12

Wang, Chenxi, Xiaoyun Qi, Yuan Wang, Bin Wu, and Yanhong Tian. "Room-Temperature Direct Heterogeneous Bonding of Glass and Polystyrene Substrates." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 165, no. 8 (2018): B3091—B3097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.0151808jes.

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13

Togo, Hideo, Patrick Toy, Yongjia Shang, and Tracy But. "Macroporous Polystyrene-Supported (Diacetoxyiodo)benzene: An Efficient Heterogeneous Oxidizing Reagent." Synlett 2007, no. 1 (January 2007): 0067–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-958450.

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14

Thurau, Courtney T., and M. D. Ediger. "Influence of spatially heterogeneous dynamics on physical aging of polystyrene." Journal of Chemical Physics 116, no. 20 (May 22, 2002): 9089–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1472508.

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15

Lipshutz, Bruce H., and Young-Jun Shin. "Polystyrene-bound cyclo-BINOLs. New heterogeneous ligands for asymmetric catalysis." Tetrahedron Letters 41, no. 49 (December 2000): 9515–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(00)01660-9.

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16

Karakhanov, Eduard, Anton Maximov, and Anna Zolotukhina. "Heterogeneous Dendrimer-Based Catalysts." Polymers 14, no. 5 (February 28, 2022): 981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14050981.

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The present review compiles the advances in the dendritic catalysis within the last two decades, in particular concerning heterogeneous dendrimer-based catalysts and their and application in various processes, such as hydrogenation, oxidation, cross-coupling reactions, etc. There are considered three main approaches to the synthesis of immobilized heterogeneous dendrimer-based catalysts: (1) impregnation/adsorption on silica or carbon carriers; (2) dendrimer covalent grafting to various supports (silica, polystyrene, carbon nanotubes, porous aromatic frameworks, etc.), which may be performed in a divergent (as a gradual dendron growth on the support) or convergent way (as a grafting of whole dendrimer to the support); and (3) dendrimer cross-linking, using transition metal ions (resulting in coordination polymer networks) or bifunctional organic linkers, whose size, polarity, and rigidity define the properties of the resulted material. Additionally, magnetically separable dendritic catalysts, which can be synthesized using the three above-mentioned approaches, are also considered. Dendritic catalysts, synthesized in such ways, can be stored as powders and be easily separated from the reaction medium by filtration/centrifugation as traditional heterogeneous catalysts, maintaining efficiency as for homogeneous dendritic catalysts.

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17

Hirai, Yoshinori, and Yasuhiro Uozumi. "Preparation of Aryl(dicyclohexyl)phosphines by C–P Bond-Forming Cross-Coupling in Water Catalyzed by an Amphiphilic-Resin-Supported Palladium Complex." Synlett 28, no. 20 (October 16, 2017): 2966–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1590926.

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Aryl(dicyclohexyl)phosphines were prepared by a catalytic C–P bond-forming cross-coupling reaction of haloarenes with dicyclohexylphosphine under heterogeneous conditions in water containing an immobilized palladium complex coordinated to an amphiphilic polystyrene–poly(ethylene glycol) resin supported di(tert-butyl)phosphine ligand.

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18

Manz, Alyssa S., Mariam Aly, and Laura J. Kaufman. "Correlating fragility and heterogeneous dynamics in polystyrene through single molecule studies." Journal of Chemical Physics 151, no. 8 (August 28, 2019): 084501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5114905.

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19

Detrait, E., J. B. Lhoest, B. Knoops, P. Bertrand, and Ph van den Bosch de Aguilar. "Orientation of cell adhesion and growth on patterned heterogeneous polystyrene surface." Journal of Neuroscience Methods 84, no. 1-2 (October 1998): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-0270(98)00114-9.

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20

Barrie, J. A., P. Sagoo, and A. G. Thomas. "Gas transport in heterogeneous polymer blends. IV. Natural rubber-g-polystyrene." Journal of Membrane Science 43, no. 2-3 (May 1989): 229–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0376-7388(00)85100-5.

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21

Xu, Dawei, Ruben G. Carbonell, Douglas J. Kiserow, and George W. Roberts. "Kinetic and Transport Processes in the Heterogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation of Polystyrene." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 42, no. 15 (July 2003): 3509–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie0301841.

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22

Chacko, Asha, and Beena Mathew. "Polystyrene-supported polyoxyethylene bound potassium permanganate as a heterogeneous oxidizing agent." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 90, no. 13 (October 21, 2003): 3708–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.13069.

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23

Hendrana, Sunit, Elsy Rachimi Chaldun, Sri Pudjiastuti, Imam Rahayu, Christi Liamita Natanael, Dwi Oktaverina, and Morina Seftiviani Semboor. "Heterogeneous Sulphonation of Polystyrene for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Application." Macromolecular Symposia 327, no. 1 (May 2013): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.201350509.

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24

Mohammed, M. L., R. Mbeleck, and B. Saha. "Efficient and selective molybdenum based heterogeneous catalyst for alkene epoxidation using batch and continuous reactors." Polymer Chemistry 6, no. 41 (2015): 7308–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5py01147g.

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A polystyrene 2-(aminomethyl)pyridine supported molybdenum(vi) complex (Ps·AMP·Mo) has been prepared, characterised and used as a catalyst for epoxidation of 1-hexene and 4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene (4-VCH) using TBHP as an oxidant.

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25

Parvanak-Boroujeni, Kaveh, and Kamran Parvanak. "Friedel-Crafts acylation of arenes with carboxylic acids using polystyrene-supported aluminum triflate." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 76, no. 2 (2011): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc100215010p.

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Cross-linked polystyrene-supported aluminum triflate (Ps- Al(OTf)3) has been shown to be a mild, efficient, and chemoselective heterogeneous Lewis acid catalyst for the acylation of aromatic compounds. The catalyst can be easily prepared from cheap starting materials, is stable (as a bench top catalyst) and is reusable.

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26

Fan, Haiyang, Guiyun Yi, Qiming Tian, Xiuxiu Zhang, Baolin Xing, Chuanxiang Zhang, Lunjian Chen, and Yulong Zhang. "Hydrothermal-template synthesis and electrochemical properties of Co3O4/nitrogen-doped hemisphere-porous graphene composites with 3D heterogeneous structure." RSC Advances 10, no. 60 (2020): 36794–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra06897g.

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27

Reddy, Mudumala Veeranarayana, Seok Min Kang, Suah Yoo, Sang Sik Woo, and Dong Wook Kim. "Amino-polystyrene supported hexaethylene glycol-bridged ionic liquid as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for water-mediated nucleophilic hydroxylation." RSC Advances 9, no. 17 (2019): 9435–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra00590k.

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An amino-polystyrene supported hexaethylene glycol-bridged ionic liquid (APS-HEGBIL) was remarkably efficient at catalyzing the selective nucleophilic hydroxylation of alkyl halides to produce the corresponding alcohols in water.

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28

Moghadam, Majid, Masoud Nasr-Esfahani, Shahram Tangestaninejad, Valiollah Mirkhani, and Mohammad Ali Zolfigol. "Biomimetic aromatization of Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridines with sodium periodate catalyzed by a new polystyrene-bound manganese porphyrin." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 84, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v05-255.

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Efficient oxidation of Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridines with sodium periodate catalyzed by a polystyrene-bound manganese(III) porphyrin is reported. This catalyst shows high activity in the oxidation of various 1,4-dihydropyridines at room temperature. This heterogeneous catalyst can be reused five times without significant loss of its activity.Key words: biomimetic oxidation, supported metalloporphyrin, periodate, 1,4-dihydropyridine.

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29

Yuan, Pei, Jian Chen, Deng Pan, and Xiaojun Bao. "Adsorption and Reaction Kinetic Studies of the Heterogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation for Polystyrene." Acta Chimica Sinica 74, no. 7 (2016): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.6023/a16030117.

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30

Gehlsen, Mark D., and Frank S. Bates. "Heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of polystyrene: thermodynamics of poly(vinylcyclohexane)-containing diblock copolymers." Macromolecules 26, no. 16 (August 1993): 4122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00068a009.

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31

Thomas, Sabu, and Robert E. Prud′homme. "Compatibilizing effect of block copolymers in heterogeneous polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate) blends." Polymer 33, no. 20 (January 1992): 4260–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(92)90266-y.

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32

Senna, M., and J. Lee. "Preparation of monodispersed polystyrene microspheres uniformly coated by magnetite via heterogeneous polymerization." Colloid & Polymer Science 273, no. 1 (January 1995): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00655677.

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33

Lee, Jong-Min, Dae-Wook Kim, Young-Ho Lee, and Seong-Geun Oh. "New Approach for Preparation of Silver–Polystyrene Heterogeneous Nanocomposite by Polyol Process." Chemistry Letters 34, no. 7 (July 2005): 928–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.2005.928.

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34

Tangestaninejad, Shahram, and Valiollah Mirkhani. "Polystyrene-bound Manganese(iii) Porphyrin as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for Alkene Epoxidation." Journal of Chemical Research, no. 12 (1998): 788–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a805250f.

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35

Sivadasan Chettiar, K., and K. Sreekumar. "Polystyrene-supported thiosemicarbazone-transition metal complexes: synthesis and application as heterogeneous catalysts." Polymer International 48, no. 6 (June 1999): 455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0126(199906)48:6<455::aid-pi166>3.0.co;2-f.

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36

Fan, Guozhi, Hanjun Zhang, Siqing Cheng, Zhandong Ren, Zhijun Hu, and Zilan Wang. "Lewis Acid-Promoted Suzuki Reaction using Palladium Chloride Anchored on a Polymer as a Catalyst." Australian Journal of Chemistry 61, no. 8 (2008): 610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch08066.

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Palladium chloride anchored on polystyrene modified by 5-amino-1,10-phenanthroline was prepared and used as an efficient recoverable catalyst for Suzuki cross-coupling reactions. The heterogeneous catalysts can be easily separated from the reaction mixture and reused for five cycles without significant Pd leaching and loss of catalytic activity. Rate enhancement in the Suzuki reaction by Lewis acids was also studied.

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37

Sui, Xiao Long, Ming Sheng He, and Xiao Jian Fu. "Linear Analysis and Strength Prediction of Experiment on Lightweight Heterogeneous Soil Mixed with Expanded Polystyrene." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 622–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.622.

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16 groups of compressive strength with different mix proportion of lightweight heterogeneous soil mixed with expanded polystyrene (EPS-soil) has been gained by means of orthogonal test. Regression model is obtained, checked and evaluated by linear regression .48 groups of EPS-soil’s compressive strength is predicted by using strength predictable formula. Results show that: the formula’s precision is high and satisfy the actual need of project.

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38

Khastgir,, D. "Applicability of Different Laws of Mixture for Polystyrene- Alumina Composites as Heterogeneous Dielectrics." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 4, no. 1 (March 1995): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm.1995.4.1.55.

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39

Afeworki, Mobae, and Jacob Schaefer. "Molecular dynamics of polycarbonate chains at the interface of polycarbonate/polystyrene heterogeneous blends." Macromolecules 25, no. 16 (August 1992): 4097–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00042a008.

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40

Cicerone, Marcus T., F. R. Blackburn, and M. D. Ediger. "Anomalous Diffusion of Probe Molecules in Polystyrene: Evidence for Spatially Heterogeneous Segmental Dynamics." Macromolecules 28, no. 24 (November 1995): 8224–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00128a036.

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41

Kola?�k, J., L. Fambri, M. ?louf, and D. Kone?n�. "Heterogeneous polyamide 66/syndiotactic polystyrene blends: Phase structure and thermal and mechanical properties." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 96, no. 3 (2005): 673–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.21496.

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42

Fan, Guo Zhi, Zhen Xiao Duan, and Min Wang. "Suzuki Reaction Catalyzed by Pd(II) Anchored on Polymer in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide." Advanced Materials Research 466-467 (February 2012): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.466-467.216.

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Palladium chloride anchored on polystyrene modified by 5-amino-1,10-phenanthroline was prepared and used as catalysts for the Suzuki cross-coupling reactions of aryl halide with arylboronic acid in supercritical carbon dioxide without use of organic solvent. The heterogeneous catalyst revealed excellent and recoverable catalytic performance for a wide range of aryl halides substrates. It can be easily separated from the reaction mixture and reused for six recycles without significant loss of catalytic activity.

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43

Manurung, Renita, Rosdanelli Hasibuan, Fatimah Batubara, Handy Inarto, Alwi Gery Agustan Siregar, and Auryn Saputra. "Synthesis and Characterization of Polystyrene Sulfonic Acid from Expanded Polystyrene Foam as a Catalyst in the Synthesis of Triacetin." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 21, no. 5 (October 5, 2021): 1111. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.60559.

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In Indonesia, the composition of waste has gradually changed over time. To reduce expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam waste, we converted it into a heterogeneous acid catalyst, namely Polystyrene Sulfonic Acid (PSSA). The catalyst was then used in an esterification reaction to generate triacetin. In this research, the synthesis of PSSA was performed using a sulfonation reaction with silver sulfate (Ag2SO4) as the catalyst. Based on FTIR analysis, the sulfonation reaction was successful. The use of 0.5% and 1% catalysts led to a significant increase in the degree of sulfonation of PSSA, while there was a relatively constant increase when using 1.5–2.5% catalysts. The highest degree of sulfonation (78.63%) was achieved when the reaction was performed using 2% Ag2SO4 catalyst for 25 min. The PSSA with the highest degree of sulfonation was characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), SEM-EDX, and BET-BJH. This PSSA had a semi-crystalline structure with a crystallinity of 73.83%, a particle size of 1.75 nm, mesoporous pores with a radius of 16.984 Å, and a sulfur content of 15% (% mass).

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44

Kizhnyaev, Valery N., Fedor A. Pokatilov, Alexey I. Shabalin, and Roman G. Zhitov. "Conetworks on the base of polystyrene with poly(methyl methacrylate) paired polymers." e-Polymers 19, no. 1 (June 7, 2019): 421–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2019-0043.

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AbstractIt is found that forced (reactive) blending of polystyrene (PS) with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) involves the covalent binding of heterogeneous macromolecules to afford the paired polymers. For this purpose, the “anchor” N-H unsubstituted tetrazole or oxirane functional groups are preliminarily introduced in the structure of both polymers in a small amount that leads to a covalent binding of the heterogeneous macromolecules. The reaction between the modified PS and PMMA is carried out in dimethylformamide (DMF), toluene and dichloroethane (DCE) at a high total concentration of polymers (10-20 g dL-1). The process is accompanied by gel-formation to deliver cross-linked paired polymers It is established that the highest rate of the paired polymer is attained in the DCE medium, while the lowest rate is observed in DMF. For paired polymers synthesized in DMF, two glass transition temperatures (Tg) of 92°C and 104°C correspond to the original PS and PMMA, respectively. The products of forced blending of PS and PMMA in toluene have one averaged Tg value (99°C), whereas those obtained in DCE show no pronounced glass transition region at 90 ÷ 115°C. In toluene or DCE, the paired polymers are formed, which represent single-phase systems having one glass transition region.

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45

Boroujeni, Kaveh Parvanak. "Synthesis of α-Aminophosphonates Using Polystyrene Supported Al(OTf)3 as a Heterogeneous Catalyst." Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic, Metal-Organic, and Nano-Metal Chemistry 41, no. 2 (February 19, 2011): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15533174.2010.538029.

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46

Afeworki, Mobae, and Jacob Schaefer. "Mechanism of DNP-enhanced polarization transfer across the interface of polycarbonate/polystyrene heterogeneous blends." Macromolecules 25, no. 16 (August 1992): 4092–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00042a007.

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47

Mandoli, Alessandro, Simonetta Orlandi, Dario Pini, and Piero Salvadori. "Insoluble polystyrene-bound bis(oxazoline): batch and continuous-flow heterogeneous enantioselective glyoxylate–ene reaction." Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 15, no. 20 (October 2004): 3233–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetasy.2004.08.015.

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48

Tangestaninejad, Shahram, and Valiollah Mirkhani. "ChemInform Abstract: Polystyrene-Bound Manganese(III) Porphyrin as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for Alkene Epoxidation." ChemInform 30, no. 20 (June 15, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199920086.

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49

Rahmani, Sohrab, Reza Mohammadi, and Ali Akbar Entezami. "Comparison of Syndiotactic Polystyrene Morphology Obtained Via Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Polymerization with Metallocene Catalyst." Macromolecular Symposia 274, no. 1 (December 2008): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.200851407.

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50

Kim, Dae-Wook, Jong-Min Lee, Chul Oh, Deok-Soo Kim, and Seong-Geun Oh. "A novel preparation route for platinum–polystyrene heterogeneous nanocomposite particles using alcohol-reduction method." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 297, no. 1 (May 2006): 365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2005.09.067.

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