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Journal articles on the topic 'Heterogeneous membranes'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 12 October 2023

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1

Strzelewicz, Anna, Monika Krasowska, and Michał Cieśla. "Lévy Flights Diffusion with Drift in Heterogeneous Membranes." Membranes 13, no. 4 (April 7, 2023): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13040417.

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The modelling of diffusion in membranes is essential to understanding transport processes through membranes, especially when it comes to improving process efficiency. The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between membrane structures, external forces, and the characteristic features of diffusive transport. We investigate Cauchy flight diffusion with drift in heterogeneous membrane-like structures. The study focuses on numerical simulation of particle movement across different membrane structures with differently spaced obstacles. Four studied structures are similar to real polymeric membranes filled with inorganic powder, while the next three structures are designed to show which distribution of obstacles can cause changes in transport. The movement of particles driven by Cauchy flights is compared to a Gaussian random walk both with and without additional drift action. We show that effective diffusion in membranes with an external drift depends on the type of the internal mechanism that causes the movement of particles as well as on the properties of the environment. In general, when movement steps are provided by the long-tailed Cauchy distribution and the drift is sufficiently strong, superdiffusion is observed. On the other hand, strong drift can effectively stop Gaussian diffusion.

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2

Magnone, Edoardo, Jae Yeon Hwang, Min Chang Shin, Xuelong Zhuang, Jeong In Lee, and Jung Hoon Park. "Al2O3-Based Hollow Fiber Membranes Functionalized by Nitrogen-Doped Titanium Dioxide for Photocatalytic Degradation of Ammonia Gas." Membranes 12, no. 7 (July 6, 2022): 693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12070693.

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In recent years, reactive ammonia (NH3) has emerged as a major source of indoor air pollution. In this study, Al2O3-based hollow fiber membranes functionalized with nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide were produced and successfully applied for efficient heterogeneous photocatalytic NH3 gas degradation. Al2O3 hollow fiber membranes were prepared using the phase inversion process. A dip-coating technique was used to deposit titanium dioxide (TiO2) and nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (N-TiO2) thin films on well-cleaned Al2O3-based hollow fiber membranes. All heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation tests of NH3 gas were performed with both UV and visible light irradiation at room temperature. The nitrogen doping effects on the NH3 heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation capacity of TiO2 were investigated, and the effect of the number of membranes (30, 36, 42, and 48 membranes) of the prototype lab-scale photocatalytic membrane reactor, with a modular design, on the performances in different light conditions was also elucidated. Moreover, under ultraviolet and visible light, the initial concentration of gaseous NH3 was reduced to zero after only fifteen minutes in a prototype lab-scale stage with a photocatalytic membrane reactor based on an N-TiO2 photocatalyst. The number of Al2O3-based hollow fiber membranes functionalized with N-TiO2 photocatalysts increases the capacity for NH3 heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation.

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3

Septiawan, Muhammad Ridwan, Dian Permana, Sitti Hadijah Sabarwati, La Ode Ahmad, and La Ode Ahmad Nur Ramadhan. "Functionalization of Chitosan with Maleic Anhydride for Proton Exchange Membrane." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 18, no. 2 (May 30, 2018): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.33141.

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Chitosan was modified by maleic anhydride, and it was then functionalized using heterogeneous and blending method to obtain the membrane. The results of the reaction between chitosan with maleic anhydride were signed by the new peak appears around 1475 cm-1 which attributed to C=C bending of alkene. The new peak also appears at 1590 cm-1 which attributed to N-H bending of amide. Chitosan-maleic anhydride membranes show microstructure of chitosan membrane with high porous density and rigidity while chitosan-maleic anhydride membranes have clusters. In addition, the thermal tenacity of membranes reached 500 °C. Modified membrane by heterogeneous and blending method have higher water uptake, ion exchange capacity, and proton conductivity than chitosan membrane. Moreover, the blending method is much more effective than the heterogeneous method that can be exhibited from ion exchange capacity and proton conductivity values of 1.08–6.38 meq g-1 and 1x10-3–1x10-2 S cm-1, 0.92–2.27 meq g-1 and 1.53x10-4–3.04x10-3 S cm-1, respectively. The results imply that modification of chitosan membrane with the addition of maleic anhydride using heterogeneous and blending method can be applied to proton exchange membrane.

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4

Hosseini, S. M., Z. Ahmadi, M. Nemati, F. Parvizian, and S. S. Madaeni. "Electrodialysis heterogeneous ion exchange membranes modified by SiO2 nanoparticles: fabrication and electrochemical characterization." Water Science and Technology 73, no. 9 (February 2, 2016): 2074–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.030.

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In the current study mixed matrix heterogeneous cation exchange membranes were prepared by solution casting technique. The effect of SiO2 nanoparticles in the polymeric solution on the physicochemical properties of prepared membranes was studied. Scanning optical microscope images showed uniform particle distribution and relatively uniform surfaces for the prepared membranes. The membrane water content was reduced by silica nanoparticles in the membranes' matrix. The membrane ion exchange capacity, membrane potential, transport number and selectivity were improved initially by an increase of SiO2 nanoparticles concentration up to 1%wt in prepared membranes and then showed a decreasing trend with a further increase in additive ratio from 1 to 4%wt. The ionic permeability and flux were also decreased initially by an increase of silica nanoparticles concentration up to 0.5%wt in the membrane matrix and then increased again with a further increase in nanoparticles concentration from 0.5 to 4%wt. Moreover, the results exhibited that using silica nanoparticles in the membrane matrix caused an obvious decrease in areal electrical resistance. The opposite trend was found for membrane mechanical strength using SiO2 nanoparticles.

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5

Reigada, Ramon. "Electroporation of heterogeneous lipid membranes." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes 1838, no. 3 (March 2014): 814–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.10.008.

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6

Zárybnická, Lucie, Eliška Stránská, Kristýna Janegová, and Barbora Vydrová. "The effect of 3D printing parameters on electrochemical properties of heterogeneous cation exchange membrane." Rapid Prototyping Journal 27, no. 8 (August 2, 2021): 1538–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-08-2020-0207.

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Purpose The study aims to focus on the preparation of a heterogeneous cation exchange membrane by a three-dimensional (3D) method – fused filament fabrication using a series of nozzles of various diameters (0.4–1.0 mm). Polypropylene random copolymer (PPR) as a polymeric binder was mixed with 50 Wt.% of the selected conventional cation exchange resin, and a filament was prepared using a single screw mini extruder. Then filament was processed by FFF into the membranes with a defined 3D structure. Design/methodology/approach Electrochemical properties, morphology, mechanical properties and water absorption properties were tested. Findings Dependence of the tested properties on the used nozzle diameter was found. Both areal and specific resistances increased with increasing nozzle diameter. The same trend was also found for permselectivity. The optimal membrane with permselectivity above 90%, areal resistance of 8 O.cm2 and specific resistance of 124 O.cm2 was created using a nozzle diameter of 0.4 mm. Originality/value Using new materials for 3D print of cation exchange membrane with production without waste. The possibility of producing 3D membranes with a precisely defined structure and using a cheap 3D printing method. New direction of membrane structure formation. 3D-printed heterogeneous cation exchange membranes were prepared, which can compete with commercial membranes produced by conventional technologies. 3D-printed heterogeneous cation exchange membranes were prepared, which can compete with commercial membranes produced by conventional technologies.

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7

Polak, Daniel, and Maciej Szwast. "Material and Process Tests of Heterogeneous Membranes Containing ZIF-8, SiO2 and POSS-Ph." Materials 15, no. 18 (September 17, 2022): 6455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15186455.

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Heterogeneous membranes made of a polymer matrix and containing nano-metric fillers in their structure may present improved physicochemical and process properties compared to homogeneous membranes made only of polymer materials. Membranes made of a PEBAX®2533 block copolymer were tested with fillers such as ZIF-8, SiO2 and POSS-Ph being dosed to them. The material analysis and process tests indicate that these nanomaterials can be used as fillers for heterogeneous membranes. Chemometric analyses determined the influence of individual fillers on selected physicochemical properties of the materials which were used to produce the membranes. For specific concentrations of these fillers, improvement in the permeability and selectivity of the membranes, or at least in one of these parameters, was achieved. The greatest increase in permeability against the homogeneous membrane was obtained for membranes containing 10 wt% ZIF-8 (for CO2, an increase of 2.07 times; for CH4, 2.36 times; for N2, 3.08 times). In turn, the greatest increase in selectivity was obtained for the CO2/CH4 mixture for the membrane containing 5 wt% SiO2 (1.15 times), and for the CO2/N2 mixture for the membrane containing 2 wt% POSS-Ph (1.21 times).

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8

Bejanidze, Irina, Oleksandr Petrov, Volodymyr Pohrebennyk, Tina Kharebava, Nunu Nakashidze, Nato Didmanidze, Nazi Davitadze, and Anton Petrov. "Sorption of Organic Electrolytes and Surfactants from Natural Waters by Heterogeneous Membranes." Applied Sciences 10, no. 20 (October 21, 2020): 7383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10207383.

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The widespread use of surfactants increasingly requires the development and application of reliable methods for the demineralization of wastewaters, preventing environmental pollution. One of the most reliable and effective methods of demineralization of wastewaters is the electrodialysis method. Studying the behavior of large organic ions in the membrane is important for modeling cell membranes and purification of medicinal and biological preparations. The sorption characteristics of the MA-40 and MK-40 ion-exchange membranes in solutions of simple and organic electrolytes, and in a solution of the surfactant were investigated. It was found that the sorption of organic ions by membranes is mainly of an ion-exchange nature. The moisture content and elasticity of the membranes decreases in solutions of organic electrolytes, during the sorption of which the membrane becomes brittle. A study showed that in the solutions of organic electrolytes, the MA-40 membrane retains high electrochemical activity, while the MK-40 in a solution of the surfactant completely loses it. From the data obtained in this work, it is shown that organic ions do not present a hazard when water is desalted by electrodialysis, whereas sorption of surfactant ions leads to membrane poisoning.

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9

Stenina, Irina A., and Andrey B. Yaroslavtsev. "Ionic Mobility in Ion-Exchange Membranes." Membranes 11, no. 3 (March 11, 2021): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11030198.

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Membrane technologies are widely demanded in a number of modern industries. Ion-exchange membranes are one of the most widespread and demanded types of membranes. Their main task is the selective transfer of certain ions and prevention of transfer of other ions or molecules, and the most important characteristics are ionic conductivity and selectivity of transfer processes. Both parameters are determined by ionic and molecular mobility in membranes. To study this mobility, the main techniques used are nuclear magnetic resonance and impedance spectroscopy. In this comprehensive review, mechanisms of transfer processes in various ion-exchange membranes, including homogeneous, heterogeneous, and hybrid ones, are discussed. Correlations of structures of ion-exchange membranes and their hydration with ion transport mechanisms are also reviewed. The features of proton transfer, which plays a decisive role in the membrane used in fuel cells and electrolyzers, are highlighted. These devices largely determine development of hydrogen energy in the modern world. The features of ion transfer in heterogeneous and hybrid membranes with inorganic nanoparticles are also discussed.

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10

Sarapulova, Veronika, Ekaterina Nevakshenova, Kseniia Tsygurina, Valentina Ruleva, Anna Kirichenko, and Ksenia Kirichenko. "Short-Term Stability of Electrochemical Properties of Layer-by-Layer Coated Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes." Membranes 13, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13010045.

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Layer-by-layer adsorption allows the creation of versatile functional coatings for ion exchange membranes, but the stability of the coating and resulting properties of modified membranes in their operation is a frequently asked question. This paper examines the changes in voltammetric curves of layer-by-layer coated cation exchange membranes and pH-metry of desalination chamber with a studied membrane and an auxiliary anion exchange membrane after short-term tests, including over-limiting current modes. The practical operation of the membranes did not affect the voltammetric curves, but enhanced the generation of H+ and OH− ions in a system with polyethylenimine modified membrane in Ca2+ containing solution. It is shown that a distinction between the voltammetric curves of the membranes modified and the different polyamines persists during the operation and that, in the case of polyethylenimine, there is an additional zone of growth of potential drop in voltammetric curves and stronger generation of H+ and OH− ions as indicated by pH-metry.

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11

Maiygurova, Nina I., Frank Roessner, Tatiana V. Eliseeva, and Vladimir F. Selemenev. "SORPTION OF AMINO ACID AND CHANGES IN HYDRATION OF HETEROGENEOUS CATION- AND ANION-EXCHANGE MEMBRANES FUMASEP." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 59, no. 4 (July 12, 2018): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.20165904.5336.

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Hydration of heterogeneous cation-exchange membranes Fumasep FTCM and anion-exchange membranes Fumasep FTAM in hydrogen and hydroxyl forms, respectively, sorbing tyrosine as well as of the samples being used in electrodialysis concentration of tyrosine solution was studied using the methods of thermogravimetry and IR-spectroscopy. It was revealed that tyrosine sorption and membranes application in electrodialysis of this amino acid solution causes membranes hydration decrease. The decrease in membrane hydration after its contact with tyrosine leads to membrane surface hydrophobicity grow up and, consequently, make significant influence on amino acid’s mass transfer.

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12

MIZUNO, Hiroki, and Hiroshi KOIBUCHI. "102 String Tension of Heterogeneous Membranes." Proceedings of Ibaraki District Conference 2012.20 (2012): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeibaraki.2012.20.3.

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13

Gu, Ruo-Xu, Svetlana Baoukina, and D. Peter Tieleman. "Cholesterol Flip-Flop in Heterogeneous Membranes." Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation 15, no. 3 (January 11, 2019): 2064–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00933.

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14

Vyas, Punita V., B. G. Shah, G. S. Trivedi, P. Ray, S. K. Adhikary, and R. Rangarajan. "Studies on heterogeneous cation-exchange membranes." Reactive and Functional Polymers 44, no. 2 (January 2000): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1381-5148(99)00084-x.

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15

Pandit, Sagar A., and H. Larry Scott. "Multiscale simulations of heterogeneous model membranes." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes 1788, no. 1 (January 2009): 136–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2008.09.004.

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16

Guiver, Michael D., Paul Black, Chung M. Tam, and Yves Deslandes. "Functionalized polysulfone membranes by heterogeneous lithiation." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 48, no. 9 (June 5, 1993): 1597–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070480912.

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17

Kim, Hyunjung, Taeyoung Kim, Azilah Abd Aziz, Donggeon Choi, Robert W. Lovitt, Dae-Wook Kang, and In Seop Chang. "Structural heterogeneity yet high similarity of the microbial community on reverse osmosis membrane-driven biofilms during seawater desalination." Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 6, no. 11 (2020): 3066–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ew00366b.

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18

Polak, Daniel, and Maciej Szwast. "Analysis of the Influence of Process Parameters on the Properties of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Membranes for Gas Separation." Membranes 12, no. 10 (October 19, 2022): 1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12101016.

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Heterogeneous membranes, otherwise known as Mixed Matrix Membranes (MMMs), which are used in gas separation processes, are the subject of growing interest. This is due to their potential to improve the process properties of membranes compared to those of homogeneous membranes, i.e., those made of polymer only. Using such membranes in a process involves subjecting them to varying temperatures and pressures. This paper investigates the effects of temperature and feed pressure on the process properties of homogeneous and heterogeneous membranes. Membranes made of Pebax®2533 copolymer and containing additional fillers such as SiO2, ZIF−8, and POSS-Ph were investigated. Tests were performed over a temperature range of 25–55°C and a pressure range of 2–8 bar for N2, CH4, and CO2 gases. It was found that temperature positively influences the increase in permeability, while pressure influences permeability depending on the gas used, which is related to the effect of pressure on the solubility of the gas in the membrane.

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19

Düerkop, Dennis, Hartmut Widdecke, Carsten Schilde, Ulrich Kunz, and Achim Schmiemann. "Polymer Membranes for All-Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries: A Review." Membranes 11, no. 3 (March 18, 2021): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11030214.

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Redox flow batteries such as the all-vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) are a technical solution for storing fluctuating renewable energies on a large scale. The optimization of cells regarding performance, cycle stability as well as cost reduction are the main areas of research which aim to enable more environmentally friendly energy conversion, especially for stationary applications. As a critical component of the electrochemical cell, the membrane influences battery performance, cycle stability, initial investment and maintenance costs. This review provides an overview about flow-battery targeted membranes in the past years (1995–2020). More than 200 membrane samples are sorted into fluoro-carbons, hydro-carbons or N-heterocycles according to the basic polymer used. Furthermore, the common description in membrane technology regarding the membrane structure is applied, whereby the samples are categorized as dense homogeneous, dense heterogeneous, symmetrical or asymmetrically porous. Moreover, these properties as well as the efficiencies achieved from VRFB cycling tests are discussed, e.g., membrane samples of fluoro-carbons, hydro-carbons and N-heterocycles as a function of current density. Membrane properties taken into consideration include membrane thickness, ion-exchange capacity, water uptake and vanadium-ion diffusion. The data on cycle stability and costs of commercial membranes, as well as membrane developments, are compared. Overall, this investigation shows that dense anion-exchange membranes (AEM) and N-heterocycle-based membranes, especially poly(benzimidazole) (PBI) membranes, are suitable for VRFB requiring low self-discharge. Symmetric and asymmetric porous membranes, as well as cation-exchange membranes (CEM) enable VRFB operation at high current densities. Amphoteric ion-exchange membranes (AIEM) and dense heterogeneous CEM are the choice for operation mode with the highest energy efficiency.

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20

Burganos, Vasilis N. "Membranes and Membrane Processes." MRS Bulletin 24, no. 3 (March 1999): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400051861.

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Membrane separation science has enjoyed tremendous progress since the first synthesis of membranes almost 40 years ago, which was driven by strong technological needs and commercial expectations. As a result, the range of successful applications of membranes and membrane processes is continuously broadening. An additional change lies in the nature of membranes, which is now extended to include liquid and gaseous materials, biological or synthetic. Membranes are understood to be thin barriers between two phases through which transport can take place under the action of a driving force, typically a pressure difference and generally a chemical or electrical potential difference.An attempt at functional classification of membranes would have to include diverse categories such as gas separation, pervaporation, reverse osmosis, micro- and ultrafiltration, and biomedical separations. The dominant application of membranes is certainly the separation of mixed phases or fluids, homogeneous or heterogeneous. Separation of a mixture can be achieved if the difference in the transport coefficients of the components of interest is sufficiently large. Membranes can also be used in applications other than separation targeting: They can be employed in catalytic reactors, energy storage and conversion systems, as key components of artificial organs, as supports for electrodes, or even to control the rate of release of both useful and dangerous species.In order to meet the requirements posed by the aforementioned applications, membranes must combine several structural and functional properties.

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21

Stenina, Irina, Polina Yurova, Aslan Achoh, Victor Zabolotsky, Liang Wu, and Andrey Yaroslavtsev. "Improvement of Selectivity of RALEX-CM Membranes via Modification by Ceria with a Functionalized Surface." Polymers 15, no. 3 (January 27, 2023): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15030647.

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Ion exchange membranes are widely used for water treatment and ion separation by electrodialysis. One of the ways to increase the efficiency of industrial membranes is their modification with various dopants. To improve the membrane permselectivity, a simple strategy of the membrane surface modification was proposed. Heterogeneous RALEX-CM membranes were surface-modified by ceria with a phosphate-functionalized surface. Despite a decrease in ionic conductivity of the prepared composite membranes, their cation transport numbers slightly increase. Moreover, the modified membranes show a threefold increase in Ca2+/Na+ permselectivity (from 2.1 to 6.1) at low current densities.

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22

Hosseini, S. M., A. Seidypoor, M. Nemati, S. S. Madaeni, F. Parvizian, and E. Salehi. "Mixed matrix heterogeneous cation exchange membrane filled with clay nanoparticles: membranes’ fabrication and characterization in desalination process." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 6, no. 2 (October 8, 2015): 290–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2015.064.

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In this research mixed matrix PVC based-co-clay nanoparticles heterogeneous cation exchange membranes were prepared by solution casting technique. The effect of clay nanoparticles concentration in the casting solution on membrane electrochemical properties was studied. Scanning optical microscopy (SOM) images showed uniform particles distribution and relatively uniform surfaces for the prepared membranes. The membrane water content was improved initially by an increase of additive content ratio up to 1%wt in casting solution and then it began to decrease by more additive concentration. Moreover, swelling was measured less than 5% in thickness and negligible in length and width for the prepared membranes. Membrane potential, transport number and permselectivity were improved by increase of nanoparticles loading ratio. Utilizing Cloisite nanoparticles up to 1%wt in the casting solution also led to an increase in permeability and flux for prepared membranes. The ionic permeability and flux were decreased again by a further increase in additive concentration from 1 to 4%wt. Also, membranes exhibited lower permeability and flux for bivalent ions in comparison with monovalent type. The membrane E-conductivity and mechanical strength was enhanced by an increase of nanoparticles concentration in membrane matrix. The modified membrane containing 1%wt clay nanoparticles showed more suitable electrochemical properties compared to others.

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23

Chen, Kaikai, Wei Zhao, Changfa Xiao, Hui Zhu, and Qiming Wang. "Membrane Fouling Mechanism of HTR-PVDF and HMR-PVDF Hollow Fiber Membranes in MBR System." Water 14, no. 16 (August 21, 2022): 2576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14162576.

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Membrane fouling has attracted a lot of attention in the membrane separation field. Herein, we selected the homogeneous-reinforced polyvinylidene fluoride (HMR-PVDF) and heterogeneous-reinforced polyvinylidene fluoride (HTR-PVDF) hollow fiber membranes to investigate the fouling mechanism of membranes in membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems. The filtration models, membrane adsorption experiment, and membrane resistance distribution after a long or short time operation were assessed to compare their antifouling properties in order to verify the optimal membrane. The outer surface, shown by an SEM observation of the HMR-PVDF and HTR-PVDF membranes, was rough and smooth, respectively. Moreover, the HMR-PVDF membranes had a higher adsorption capacity than the HTR-PVDF membranes when an equilibrium state was almost 2.81 times that of the original membrane resistance. A cleaning method (mainly physical and chemical) was utilized to illustrate the operational stability of the membranes. In summary, the HMR-PVDF hollow fiber membrane presented better antifouling properties than the HTR-PVDF membranes, which was conducive to industrial implementation.

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24

Park, Cheol Oh, and Ji Won Rhim. "Performance of Membrane Capacitive Deionization Process Using Polyvinylidene Fluoride Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Part I : Preparation and Characterization of Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes." Membrane Journal 27, no. 1 (February 28, 2017): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14579/membrane_journal.2017.27.1.84.

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25

Krausser, Johannes, Tuomas P. J. Knowles, and Anđela Šarić. "Physical mechanisms of amyloid nucleation on fluid membranes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 52 (December 16, 2020): 33090–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2007694117.

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Biological membranes can dramatically accelerate the aggregation of normally soluble protein molecules into amyloid fibrils and alter the fibril morphologies, yet the molecular mechanisms through which this accelerated nucleation takes place are not yet understood. Here, we develop a coarse-grained model to systematically explore the effect that the structural properties of the lipid membrane and the nature of protein–membrane interactions have on the nucleation rates of amyloid fibrils. We identify two physically distinct nucleation pathways—protein-rich and lipid-rich—and quantify how the membrane fluidity and protein–membrane affinity control the relative importance of those molecular pathways. We find that the membrane’s susceptibility to reshaping and being incorporated into the fibrillar aggregates is a key determinant of its ability to promote protein aggregation. We then characterize the rates and the free-energy profile associated with this heterogeneous nucleation process, in which the surface itself participates in the aggregate structure. Finally, we compare quantitatively our data to experiments on membrane-catalyzed amyloid aggregation of α-synuclein, a protein implicated in Parkinson’s disease that predominately nucleates on membranes. More generally, our results provide a framework for understanding macromolecular aggregation on lipid membranes in a broad biological and biotechnological context.

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26

Loza, Sergey, Natalia Loza, Nikita Kovalchuk, Nazar Romanyuk, and Julia Loza. "Comparative Study of Different Ion-Exchange Membrane Types in Diffusion Dialysis for the Separation of Sulfuric Acid and Nickel Sulfate." Membranes 13, no. 4 (March 30, 2023): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13040396.

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The possibility of using various types of ion-exchange membranes in diffusion dialysis for the separation of sulfuric acid and nickel sulfate has been evaluated. The process of the dialysis separation of a real waste solution from an electroplating facility containing 252.3 g/L of sulfuric acid, 20.9 g/L of nickel ions and small amounts of zinc, iron, copper ions, etc. has been studied. Heterogeneous cation-exchange membrane containing sulfonic groups and heterogeneous anion-exchange membranes with different thicknesses (from 145 μm to 550 μm) and types of fixed groups (four samples with quaternary ammonium base and one sample with secondary and tertiary amines) have been used. The diffusion fluxes of sulfuric acid, nickel sulfate, and the total and osmotic fluxes of the solvent have been determined. The use of a cation-exchange membrane does not allow the separation of the components, since the fluxes of both components are low and comparable in magnitude. The use of anion-exchange membranes makes it possible to efficiently separate sulfuric acid and nickel sulfate. Anion-exchange membranes with quaternary ammonium groups are more effective in the diffusion dialysis process, while the thin membrane turns out to be the most effective.

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27

Park, Minseong, Byungjoon Bae, Taegeon Kim, Hyun S. Kum, and Kyusang Lee. "2D materials-assisted heterogeneous integration of semiconductor membranes toward functional devices." Journal of Applied Physics 132, no. 19 (November 21, 2022): 190902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0122768.

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Heterogeneous integration techniques allow the coupling of highly lattice-mismatched solid-state membranes, including semiconductors, oxides, and two-dimensional materials, to synergistically fuse the functionalities. The formation of heterostructures generally requires two processes: the combination of crystalline growth and a non-destructive lift-off/transfer process enables the formation of high-quality heterostructures. Although direct atomic interaction between the substrate and the target membrane ensures high-quality growth, the strong atomic bonds at the substrate/epitaxial film interface hinder the non-destructive separation of the target membrane from the substrate. Alternatively, a 2D material-coated compound semiconductor substrate can transfer the weakened (but still effective) surface potential field of the surface through the 2D material, allowing both high-quality epitaxial growth and non-destructive lift-off of the grown film. This Perspective reviews 2D/3D heterogeneous integration techniques, along with applications of III–V compound semiconductors and oxides. The advanced heterogeneous integration methods offer an effective method to produce various freestanding membranes for stackable heterostructures with unique functionalities that can be applied to novel electrical, optoelectronic, neuromorphic, and bioelectronic systems.

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28

Walani, Nikhil, and Ashutosh Agrawal. "Stability of lipid membranes." Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids 22, no. 5 (December 18, 2015): 1144–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1081286515617338.

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Lipid membranes are versatile biological structures that undergo significant structural remodelling, often triggered by instabilities. Since they invariably possess heterogeneous properties, owing to the presence of multiple lipid species and their interactions with proteins, heterogeneity can have a significant impact on their equilibrium state and stability. In this work, we use curvature elasticity to derive the generalized stability criterion for heterogeneous lipid membranes. Our formulation entertains strain energies that go beyond the Helfrich energy and exhibit higher-order dependence on curvature invariants or spatially varying properties.

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29

Gupta, Mayuri, and Donald F. Weaver. "Microsecond molecular dynamics studies of cholesterol-mediated myelin sheath degeneration in early Alzheimer's disease." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 24, no. 1 (2022): 222–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cp03844c.

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Extensive microsecond MD simulations were performed for heterogeneous reference membranes and physiologically relevant model myelin sheath membrane with systematically varied cholesterol composition to understand early Alzheimer's disease pathology.

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30

Korzhov, A. N., A. R. Achoh, S. A. Loza, E. N. Nosova, D. V. Davidov, and S. S. Melnikov. "Using a microheterogeneous model to assess the applicability of ion-exchange membranes in the process of reverse electrodialysis." Chimica Techno Acta 8, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 20218205. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/chimtech.2021.8.2.05.

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This paper shows the possibility of using a microheterogeneous model to describe the properties of ion-exchange membranes and calculate the characteristics of a reverse electrodialyzer from the data obtained. We studied the properties of eight samples of heterogeneous cation exchange membranes (two samples of each type of membrane). The samples differed in the year of issue and storage conditions. It is shown that for heterogeneous ion-exchange membranes MK-40 and MA-41, the samples' properties can differ significantly. The counterions transport numbers calculated within the framework of the microheterogeneous model for Ralex membranes differ insignificantly. The counterion transport number in 1 mol/L sodium chloride solution is 0.96 for Ralex CM and 0.98 ± 0.01 for Ralex AMH. For the MK-40 membrane, the transport number in the same solution is 0.94 ± 0.04, and for the MA-41 membrane, it is 0.85 ± 0.1. The possibility of calculating the transport numbers and predicting the open-circuit voltage based on simple physicochemical measurements allows selecting the best membrane pairs for the reverse electrodialysis process. Comparison of the open-circuit potential value calculated using the obtained transfer numbers with experimental data showed that in the case of using Ralex membranes, the difference between the experimental and calculated values is 2%. The calculated value of the open circuit potential was 0.19 V/membrane pair or 1.69 V for the investigated reverse electrodialyzer with nine pair chambers.

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31

Song, Chang Hyeon, Maulida Zakia, Geon Seok Lee, and Seong Il Yoo. "Scattering-mediated photothermal heating in plasmonic PES/Au membranes for heterogeneous catalysis." Materials Chemistry Frontiers 5, no. 5 (2021): 2425–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0qm00746c.

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32

Schauer, Jan, Javier Llanos, Jan Žitka, Jaromír Hnát, and Karel Bouzek. "Cation-exchange membranes: Comparison of homopolymer, block copolymer, and heterogeneous membranes." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 124, S1 (December 6, 2011): E66—E72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.35524.

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33

Bleha, Miroslav, and Věra Šumberová. "Equilibrium Sorptions in Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 57, no. 9 (1992): 1905–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19921905.

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The equilibrium sorption of uni-univalent electrolytes (NaCl, KCl) in heterogeneous cation exchange membranes with various contents of the ion exchange component and in ion exchange membranes Ralex was investigated. Using experimental data which express the concentration dependence of equilibrium sorption, validity of the Donnan relation for the systems under investigation was tested and values of the Glueckauf inhomogeneity factor for Ralex membranes were determined. Determination of the equilibrium sorption allows the effect of the total content of internal water and of the ion-exchange capacity on the distribution coefficients of the electrolyte to be determined.

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34

Oren, Y., V. Freger, and C. Linder. "Highly conductive ordered heterogeneous ion-exchange membranes." Journal of Membrane Science 239, no. 1 (August 2004): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2003.12.031.

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35

Hradil, J., V. Krystl, P. Hrabánek, B. Bernauer, and M. Kočiřík. "Heterogeneous membranes filled with hypercrosslinked microparticle adsorbent." Reactive and Functional Polymers 65, no. 1-2 (November 2005): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2004.10.005.

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36

Turner, Josephine S., and Yu-Ling Cheng. "Heterogeneous polyelectrolyte gels as stimuli-responsive membranes." Journal of Membrane Science 148, no. 2 (September 1998): 207–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0376-7388(98)00171-9.

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37

Goulian, M., R. Bruinsma, and P. Pincus. "Long-Range Forces in Heterogeneous Fluid Membranes." Europhysics Letters (EPL) 22, no. 2 (April 10, 1993): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/22/2/012.

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38

Goulian, M., R. Bruinsma, and P. Pincus. "Long-Range Forces in Heterogeneous Fluid Membranes." Europhysics Letters (EPL) 23, no. 2 (July 10, 1993): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/23/2/014.

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39

Towles, Kevin B., and Nily Dan. "Line Tension and Coalescence in Heterogeneous Membranes." Langmuir 23, no. 26 (December 2007): 13053–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la701488s.

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40

Šumberová, V., M. Bleha, and R. Wodzki. "Percolation transition in heterogeneous ion exchange membranes." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 46, no. 4 (October 5, 1992): 611–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070460407.

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41

Zendehnam, Akbar, Mina Arabzadegan, Sayed Mohsen Hosseini, and Nasrin Robatmili. "Fabrication and modification of mixed matrix polyvinylchloride based heterogeneous cation exchange membrane by Ag nanolayer/plasma treatment: investigation of nanolayer deposition rate effect." Journal of Polymer Engineering 34, no. 4 (June 1, 2014): 359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2013-0055.

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Abstract In this research, mixed matrix cation exchange membranes were prepared by the solution casting technique using polyvinylchloride (PVC) as base binder, resin powder as functional groups agent, iron-nickel oxide nanoparticles as adsorptive filler and silver (Ag) nanolayers as surface modifier. Ag nanolayer was deposited on the membrane surface by the magnetron sputtering method. The effects of nanolayer deposition rate (low, medium and high) on physicochemical and antibacterial characteristics of the membranes were studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed that membrane crystallinity was improved with increase in deposition rate. In addition, atomic force microscopy (AFM) results showed that membrane roughness was decreased by increase in deposition rate. Membrane selectivity was slightly enhanced by increase in Ag nanolayer deposition rate in modified membranes. Ionic fluxes were also increased by increase in Ag nanolayer deposition rate in membranes. Moreover, membranes containing Ag nanolayers showed good ability in Escherichia coli removal. The Ag nanolayer-modified membranes at a high deposition rate showed better performance compared to others.

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42

Yin, Yiming, Wei Wang, Arun K. Kota, Song Zhao, and Tiezheng Tong. "Elucidating mechanisms of silica scaling in membrane distillation: effects of membrane surface wettability." Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 5, no. 11 (2019): 2004–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ew00626e.

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The contributions of homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation to silica scaling in membrane distillation were investigated by testing membranes with varied surface wettability. A four-step mechanism was proposed to elaborate the process.

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43

Perreault, Véronique, Veronika Sarapulova, Ksenia Tsygurina, Natalia Pismenskaya, and Laurent Bazinet. "Understanding of Adsorption and Desorption Mechanisms of Anthocyanins and Proanthocyanidins on Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Cation-Exchange Membranes." Membranes 11, no. 2 (February 16, 2021): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11020136.

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The presence of membrane fouling is the main drawback in membrane processes, and it is related to the premature use and high cost for the replacement of membranes. Polyphenols in cranberry juice are associated with ion-exchange membrane fouling, and it results in a loss of these beneficial compounds in the juice when treated by membrane processes such as electrodialysis. In the present work, four heterogeneous or pseudohomogeneous cation-exchange membranes (CSE-fg, MK-40, CEM Type-II, and CJMC-5), different in terms of the polymer matrix (aromatic, aliphatic), exchange capacity, size, and location of meso and macropores, were studied to understand the impact of the membrane structure and physico-chemical properties on adsorption and desorption of phenolic compounds (anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins) from cranberry juice. It appeared from these results that MK-40, CEM Type-II, and CSE-fg were more prone to fouling due to their high ion-exchange capacity, their thickness, and the presence of meso and macropores in their structure. Indeed, electrostatic interactions occurred between fixed groups of membranes and polyphenolic ions. Desorption of the entire membrane and cryogenic grinding with pH adjusted to 10 allowed a better recovery of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins (PACs), respectively, since hydroxide ions competed with polyphenols and membrane that induced desorption of polyphenols. In the future, this new knowledge will become the basis for a more sensible choice of membranes and for the development of protocols for extending their life cycle.

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Tsygurina, Kseniia, Olesya Rybalkina, Konstantin Sabbatovskiy, Evgeniy Kirichenko, Vladimir Sobolev, and Ksenia Kirichenko. "Layer-by-Layer Coating of MK-40 Heterogeneous Membrane with Polyelectrolytes Creates Samples with Low Electrical Resistance and Weak Generation of H+ and OH− Ions." Membranes 11, no. 2 (February 20, 2021): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11020145.

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Ion exchange membranes covered with layers of polyelectrolytes of alternating charges are characterized by very high monovalent selectivity. This allows the use of such membranes for electrodialytic fractionation of multicomponent solutions. However, the very existence of the boundary at which differently charged layers come in contact can hinder a membrane’s effectiveness by limiting its ion permeability, raising levels of H+ and OH− ions (thus shifting the pH) and increasing the electrical resistance of the membrane, which leads to increased energy consumption. To test how these properties would be changed, we created cheap layer-by-layer-modified membranes based on the heterogeneous MK-40 membrane, on which we adsorbed layers of polyallylamine and sulfonated polystyrene. We created samples with 3, 4, and 5 layers of polyelectrolytes and characterized them. We showed that the application of layers did not decrease the efficiency of the membrane, since the electrical resistance of the modified samples, which increased after application of the first oppositely charged layer, declined with the application of the following layers and became comparable to that of the substrate, while their limiting current density was higher and the shift of pH of treated solution was low in magnitude and comparable with that of the substrate membrane.

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45

Guan, Zhangbin, Bingyu Wang, Yan Wang, Jing Chen, Chunyang Bao, and Qiang Zhang. "Iron-containing poly(ionic liquid) membranes: a heterogeneous Fenton reaction and enhanced anti-fouling ability." Polymer Chemistry 13, no. 1 (2022): 130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1py01345a.

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Iron-containing poly(ionic liquid) membranes were prepared by Cu(0)-mediated reversible deactivation radical polymerization, which was achieved to catalyze a heterogeneous Fenton reaction and realize self-cleaning of the membrane surface.

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46

Couchman, J. R. "Heterogeneous distribution of a basement membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan in rat tissues." Journal of Cell Biology 105, no. 4 (October 1, 1987): 1901–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.105.4.1901.

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A heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) synthesized by murine parietal yolk sac (PYS-2) cells has been characterized and purified from culture supernatants. A monospecific polyclonal antiserum was raised against it which showed activity against the HSPG core protein and basement membrane specificity in immunohistochemical studies on frozen tissue sections from many rat organs. However, there was no reactivity with some basement membranes, notably those of several smooth muscle types and cardiac muscle. In addition, it was found that pancreatic acinar basement membranes also lacked the HSPG type recognized by this antiserum. Those basement membranes that lacked the HSPG strongly stained with antisera against laminin and type IV collagen. The striking distribution pattern is possibly indicative of multiple species of basement membrane HSPGs of which one type is recognized by this antiserum. Further evidence for multiple HSPGs was derived from the finding that skeletal neuromuscular junction and liver epithelia also did not contain this type of HSPG, though previous reports have indicated the presence of HSPGs at these sites. The PYS-2 HSPG was shown to be antigenically related to the large, low buoyant density HSPG from the murine Engelbreth-Holm swarm tumor. It was, however, confirmed that only a single population of antibodies was present in the serum. Despite the presence of similar epitopes on these two proteoglycans of different hydrodynamic properties, it was apparent that the PYS-2 HSPG represents a basement membrane proteoglycan of distinct properties reflected in its restricted distribution in vivo.

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47

Kudelin, D. V., and T. N. Nesiolovskaya. "Application of a computational and experimental method of analysis the complexly stressed state of rubber membranes for effective solutions for their production." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 83, no. 2 (September 27, 2021): 230–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2021-2-230-236.

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The competitiveness of rubber membranes determined by their durability, quality, reliability, including the time required to create. During operation, the membranes undergo complex deformations, as a result of which a large number of potential destruction zones of a different nature arise, which can lead to the failure of the product. The standard test methods used in the development of formulations for membranes involve testing the material under uniaxial tension conditions in most cases and do not take into account the actual loading conditions of the product during operation, which significantly increases the development time of new formulations for membranes. The paper presents and applies in practice a computational and experimental method of analysis the complexly stressed state of rubber membranes, including carrying out simple laboratory tests in a heterogeneous complexly stressed state, which is realized during the operation of rubber membranes, and analyzing the stress-strain state by the finite element method. An inhomogeneous complexly stressed state was realized by forcing the rubber membrane with a spherical indenter. The application of a computational-experimental method for analyzing the complexly stressed state of rubber membranes is considered on the example of a rubber corrugated membrane of an automatic valve of a bag filter purge system. An assessment of the physical and mechanical properties of rubbers in a heterogeneous complexly stressed state was carried out, as well as an analysis of the stress-strain state of the membrane when it was loaded with a spherical indenter, which made it possible to identify the most dangerous zones of the section. The complex use of this method made it possible to improve the resource of this corrugated membrane by thirty five percent in comparison with the standard, while reducing the creation time.

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Abbas, Ghulam, Alfredo E. Cardenas, and Ron Elber. "The Structures of Heterogeneous Membranes and Their Interactions with an Anticancer Peptide: A Molecular Dynamics Study." Life 12, no. 10 (September 22, 2022): 1473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12101473.

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We conduct molecular dynamics simulations of model heterogeneous membranes and their interactions with a 24-amino acid peptide—NAF-144–67. NAF-144–67 is an anticancer peptide that selectively permeates and kills malignant cells; it does not permeate normal cells. We examine three membranes with different binary mixtures of lipids, DOPC–DOPA, DOPC–DOPS, and DOPC–DOPE, with a single peptide embedded in each as models for the diversity of biological membranes. We illustrate that the peptide organization in the membrane depends on the types of nearby phospholipids and is influenced by the charge and size of the head groups. The present study sheds light on early events of permeation and the mechanisms by which an amphiphilic peptide crosses from an aqueous solution to a hydrophobic membrane. Understanding the translocation mechanism is likely to help the design of new permeants.

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Tamai, Nobutake. "Roles of Sterols in Biological Membranes : Heterogeneous Structure and Functional Expression." MEMBRANE 45, no. 5 (2020): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5360/membrane.45.213.

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Pencer, Jeremy, Vinicius N. P. Anghel, Norbert Kučerka, and John Katsaras. "Scattering from laterally heterogeneous vesicles. I. Model-independent analysis." Journal of Applied Crystallography 39, no. 6 (November 10, 2006): 791–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889806035163.

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This is the first of a series of papers considering the scattering from laterally heterogeneous vesicles. Here, it is shown that contrast variation studies on unilamellar vesicles can be analyzed in a model-independent manner to detect lateral segregation in model membranes. In particular, it is demonstrated that the Porod invariant,Q= \textstyle\int q^{2}I (q )\,{\rm d}q, is related to the scattering length density contrast between compositionally distinct regions in a heterogeneous membrane. The formation of domains and the concomitant identification of phase boundaries as a function of either membrane composition or temperature can therefore be detected in the changes taking place inQ.

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