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Journal articles on the topic 'Heterodontus portusjacksoni'

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Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Byrnes, E. E., and C. Brown. "Individual personality differences in Port Jackson sharks Heterodontus portusjacksoni." Journal of Fish Biology 89, no. 2 (May 26, 2016): 1142–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12993.

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2

Guttridge, Tristan L., and Culum Brown. "Learning and memory in the Port Jackson shark, Heterodontus portusjacksoni." Animal Cognition 17, no. 2 (August 18, 2013): 415–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-013-0673-4.

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3

Jones, Ashlee A., Norman G. Hall, and Ian C. Potter. "Size compositions and reproductive biology of an important bycatch shark species (Heterodontus portusjacksoni) in south-western Australian waters." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 88, no. 1 (February 2008): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315408000209.

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Heterodontus portusjacksoniwas obtained from the catches of commercial trawl, gillnet and longline fisheries operating in south-western Australian waters, in which this shark is an abundant bycatch species. Ninety per cent of theH. portusjacksonicaught by commercial trawling in a marine embayment were <400 mm in total length, whereas 99 and 100%, respectively, of the individuals taken by commercial gillnet and longline outside that embayment were >400 mm. Although the differences between the size compositions in the catches obtained by trawling vs both gillnetting and longlining, which were similar, are partly attributable to gear selectivity, they also reflect a use by juvenileH. portusjacksoniof protected nearshore waters as nursery areas and a tendency for larger juveniles and adults to occupy reef/rock habitats in a range of water depths. The fact that all but one of the numerousH. portusjacksoni>800 mm were females is reflected in the ratio of females to males differing significantly from parity in the gillnet and longline samples. Yolked oocytes usually take one year to develop to ovulatory size. Ovulation occurs in late winter to early summer and hatching takes place a year later when the embryo is 180–220 mm. The claspers of males commence rapid growth at a total length of ~450 mm, coincident with the onset of clasper calcification and gonadal maturation. The rate of clasper growth relative to total length reached a maximum at ~570 mm and then declined precipitously as the claspers approached full calcification. Based on gonadal criteria, theL50at maturity for females (805 mm) was nearly 40% greater than that for males (593 mm). Values of the deviance information criterion and marked overlap in their 95% confidence intervals demonstrate that theL50of 581 mm derived for males using full clasper calcification as the index of maturity was equally valid as the aboveL50derived for males at maturity using gonadal criteria. The capture of substantial numbers of juveniles by trawling and of females <L50at maturity by gillnetting and longlining may be having localized effects on the population structure ofH. portusjacksoniin south-western Australian waters.

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4

Powter, David Mark, and William Gladstone. "Demographic analysis of the Port Jackson shark Heterodontus portusjacksoni in the coastal waters of eastern Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 59, no. 5 (2008): 444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf07096.

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Demographic analyses are used to assess the status and vulnerability of elasmobranchs but their accuracy is often affected by limited basic biological information. Although the Port Jackson shark Heterodontus portusjacksoni (Meyer) is currently not considered at threat, there is insufficient data for eastern Australia to assess this rigorously. The present study determined vital demographic rates of adult and juvenile H. portusjacksoni at four locations on the central and southern coast of New South Wales, Australia from January 2002 to December 2005 using underwater visual census, tag–recapture and samples obtained from a commercial fishery. Natural mortality was low in adults (0.063–0.074 year–1) and juveniles (0.225 year–1), but substantial at the embryonic stage (0.783–0.896 year–1). Adult growth rates (31.4–32.7 mm year–1) were slightly less than that of juveniles (36.8–37.5 mm year–1). Males at both stages grew slightly faster than females. However, H. portusjacksoni had slower growth rates than many other elasmobranch species. Having a low intrinsic rate of increase (r = 0.069 year–1), long generation times (μ1 = 22.5 year) and a low rebound potential, adults are the stage with the greatest impact on population growth. Hence, their life history strategy makes them susceptible to serious decline under exploitation, and management should strive to maintain the adult reproductive stock as a priority.

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5

Kempster, R. M., C. A. Egeberg, N. S. Hart, and S. P. Collin. "Electrosensory-driven feeding behaviours of the Port Jackson shark (Heterodontus portusjacksoni) and western shovelnose ray (Aptychotrema vincentiana)." Marine and Freshwater Research 67, no. 2 (2016): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf14245.

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Elasmobranch fishes (sharks, skates and rays) possess a highly sensitive electrosensory system that enables them to detect weak electric fields, such as those produced by potential prey organisms. Despite several comparative anatomical studies, the functional significance of interspecific variation in electrosensory system morphology remains poorly understood. In the present study, we directly tested the electrosensitivity of two benthic elasmobranchs that share a similar habitat and feed on similarly sized prey items (Port Jackson sharks, Heterodontus portusjacksoni, and western shovelnose rays, Aptychotrema vincentiana), but differ significantly in their electrosensory system morphology. Aptychotrema vincentiana possesses almost five times the number of electrosensory pores of H. portusjacksoni (~1190 and ~239 respectively), yet both species are able to initiate feeding responses to electric-field gradients below 1 nV cm–1, similar to other elasmobranch species tested. However, A. vincentiana showed a greater ability to resolve the specific location of electrosensory stimuli, because H. portusjacksoni would more often overshoot the target and have to turn around to locate it. These results suggested that differences in abundance and distribution of electrosensory pores have little to no effect on the absolute electrical sensitivity in elasmobranchs, and instead, may reflect species-specific differences in the spatial resolution and directionality of electroreception.

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6

Andrews, R. H., I. Beveridge, M. Adams, and P. R. Baverstock. "Identification of life cycle stages of the nematode Echinocephalus overstreeti by allozyme electrophoresis." Journal of Helminthology 62, no. 2 (June 1988): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x0001141x.

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ABSTRACTData presented in this study highlight the potential of allozyme electrophoresis in providing unequivocal genetic evidence for the identification of life cycle stages, particularly where species have complex life cycles. Adults of the nematode Echinocephalus overstreeti parasitize the elasmobranch Heterodontus portusjacksoni. The putative larval form which is morphologically dissimilar is found in two species of marine molluscs, Chlamys bifrons and Pecten albus. Electrophoretic analysis indicated that the adult and larval forms shared alleles at all of the 34 enzyme loci established. Furthermore, there were no fixed allelic differences between larval forms from different mollusc species.

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7

Sommerville, E., M. E. Platell, W. T. White, A. A. Jones, and I. C. Potter. "Partitioning of food resources by four abundant, co-occurring elasmobranch species: relationships between diet and both body size and season." Marine and Freshwater Research 62, no. 1 (2011): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf10164.

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The present study has tested statistically the hypothesis that the diets of four abundant and co-occurring elasmobranch species differ and change with body size and season and has determined the extent of any differences, to ascertain their potential for reducing competition for food resources. Non-metric multivariate analyses of volumetric contributions of dietary categories to stomach contents demonstrated that the dietary compositions of the rays Myliobatis australis and Aptychotrema vincentiana and the sharks Heterodontus portusjacksoni and Squatina australis in south-western Australian waters differed. M. australis fed predominantly on benthic invertebrates, whereas A. vincentiana consumed large volumes of teleosts. The durophagous H. portusjacksoni ingested a wide variety of prey, including gastropods, cephalopods, bivalves, echinoderms and teleosts, whereas S. australis ingested mainly teleosts and cephalopods. The extent and pattern of change in the diet with increasing body size varied among species. For example, the diet of H. portusjacksoni changed abruptly to larger, harder-bodied prey at ∼400-mm total length, whereas that of S. australis underwent small, gradual changes with increasing body size. The diets of each species changed seasonally. Inter- and intraspecific variations in dietary composition reduce the potential for competition between and within these abundant elasmobranch species in south-western Australian waters.

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8

jones, a. a., w. t. white, and i. c. potter. "a hermaphroditic port jackson shark, heterodontus portusjacksoni, with complete and separate female and male reproductive tracts." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 85, no. 5 (October 2005): 1171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315405012269.

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one of 353 port jackson sharks, heterodontus portusjacksoni, caught off the southern coast of western australia, was a hermaphrodite. the female reproductive tract consisted of a large (functional) right ovary with three large yolked ova, a small non-functional left ovary and two well-developed uteri and oviducal glands. the male tract comprised two conspicuous but undeveloped testes, two vas deferens and two calcified claspers with grooves. this individual represents the first published example of hermaphroditism in the order heterodontiformes and is a rare example of an elasmobranch with a complete suite of both male and female reproductive structures.

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9

Birch, M. P., C. G. Carre, and G. H. Satchell. "Venous return in the trunk of the Port Jackson shark, Heterodontus portusjacksoni." Journal of Zoology 159, no. 1 (August 20, 2009): 31–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1969.tb03069.x.

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10

Izzo, C., K. Rodda, and T. Bolton. "Incorporation time of oxytetracycline into calcified structures of the elasmobranch Heterodontus portusjacksoni." Journal of Fish Biology 71, no. 4 (October 2007): 1208–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01574.x.

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11

Peel, Lauren R., Shaun P. Collin, and Nathan S. Hart. "Retinal topography and spectral sensitivity of the Port Jackson shark ( Heterodontus portusjacksoni )." Journal of Comparative Neurology 528, no. 17 (April 11, 2020): 2831–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cne.24911.

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12

Pettigrew, Nicole E., Paul F. A. Wright, and Theodore A. Macrides. "Investigation of 5β-scymnol sulfotransferases from the kidney and testis of Heterodontus portusjacksoni." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 121, no. 3 (November 1998): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-0491(98)10097-4.

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13

Rodda, K. R., and R. S. Seymour. "Functional morphology of embryonic development in the Port Jackson shark Heterodontus portusjacksoni (Meyer)." Journal of Fish Biology 72, no. 4 (March 2008): 961–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01777.x.

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14

Byrnes, Evan E., Catarina Vila Pouca, and Culum Brown. "Laterality strength is linked to stress reactivity in Port Jackson sharks (Heterodontus portusjacksoni)." Behavioural Brain Research 305 (May 2016): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2016.02.033.

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15

Tovar-Ávila, Javier, Christopher Izzo, Terence I. Walker, J. Matias Braccini, and Robert W. Day. "Dorsal-fin spine growth of Heterodontus portusjacksoni: a general model that applies to dorsal-fin spines of chondrichthyans?" Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 65, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f07-146.

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A prospective model of dorsal-fin spine growth in chondrichthyans is devised by studying the growth of spines from captive and wild Heterodontus portusjacksoni injected with several fluorochromes. Evidence was found for only two dentine layers in the spine trunk of H. portusjacksoni, contrasting with conjectures about the presence of a third middle dentine layer in some squalids. The spines have three simultaneous growth zones. The first growth zone is along the internal edge of the inner trunk dentine layer, where growth bands are deposited towards the centre (centripetally), increasing spine length and width by pressure against the cartilage rod. The second growth zone is along the external edge of the outer trunk dentine layer at the spine base, where growth bands are deposited in an opposite direction to the centre (centrifugally), increasing spine width. A third growth zone at the base of the cap enables downward expansion over the trunk. The model of concentric cones describes correctly the inner dentine layer growth pattern, whereas the outer dentine layer growth increments appear to be related to the external bands on the surface of the trunk. Growth increments from the three growth zones of the spine are all potentially useful for age estimation.

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16

Tovar-Ávila, Javier, Terence I. Walker, and Robert W. Day. "Reproduction of Heterodontus portusjacksoni in Victoria, Australia: evidence of two populations and reproductive parameters for the eastern population." Marine and Freshwater Research 58, no. 10 (2007): 956. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf06230.

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Significant differences in the length–frequency composition of catch samples, mass–length relationships and length-at-maturity found between Heterodontus portusjacksoni from western and far-eastern Victoria, suggest the presence of at least two separate breeding populations off south-eastern Australia, with some mixing between these regions. In each region females attain a larger size than males, and collectively those sharks in western Victoria are smaller, present higher mass-at-length, and lower length-at-maturity than those in far-eastern Victoria. These regional differences might be a result of sampling bias, length-selective fishing mortality, environmental conditions, or genetic differences. However, tagging evidence from previous studies and the presence of two bio-geographic provinces in the region support the hypothesis of two separate breeding populations. The essential reproductive parameters for H. portusjacksoni population analysis in far-eastern Victoria were determined, using a novel method to estimate fecundity and the ovarian cycle of an egg-laying species. In this region, females have between 6 and 20 pre-ovulatory oocytes (average = 14, n = 29, standard deviation = 3.71) before the reproductive season. The species has an annual reproductive cycle correlated with water temperature, with ovulation starting during late winter to early spring and a ~6 month egg-laying period. The period from the onset of vitellogenesis to ovulation of oocytes is ~18 months.

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17

Day, Joanna, Jennalee A. Clark, Jane E. Williamson, Culum Brown, and Michael Gillings. "Population genetic analyses reveal female reproductive philopatry in the oviparous Port Jackson shark." Marine and Freshwater Research 70, no. 7 (2019): 986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18255.

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Restricted gene flow and reproductive philopatry are increasingly being described in marine predators such as sharks. However, observing shark reproductive behaviour in situ is problematic because of issues associated with sampling in the marine environment. As such, molecular tools have become fundamental to unravelling complex mating behaviours. In this study, we examined patterns of genetic structure in the oviparous Port Jackson shark (Heterodontus portusjacksoni) using 10 microsatellite loci and the mitochondrial (mt)DNA control region. Patterns of genetic structure were investigated between breeding aggregations in Sydney and Jervis Bay, as well as between two sites within Jervis Bay. Significant genetic differentiation was detected between Sydney and Jervis Bay using mtDNA, but no structure was observed within Jervis Bay. No significant genetic differentiation was found with microsatellites within or between aggregations. Mean assignment index values were significantly higher for females than males in Jervis Bay, but not in Sydney. Both females and males migrate inshore during the Austral winter for breeding, but it appears females may exhibit higher levels of reproductive philopatry than males. This is the first study to document reproductive philopatry in an oviparous shark, highlighting the importance of conserving and appropriately managing breeding sites for H. portusjacksoni and potentially other oviparous shark species.

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18

Vila Pouca, Catarina, and Culum Brown. "Lack of social preference between unfamiliar and familiar juvenile Port Jackson sharks Heterodontus portusjacksoni." Journal of Fish Biology 95, no. 2 (May 2, 2019): 520–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfb.13982.

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19

Jones, RC, and M. Lin. "Ultrastructure of the Genital Duct Epithelium of the Male Port Jackson Shark, Heterodontus-Portusjacksoni." Australian Journal of Zoology 40, no. 3 (1992): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9920257.

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The genital ducts of Heterodontus portusjacksoni are lined by a ciliated epithelium. In the ductuli efferentes the epithelium is low and contains numerous intraepithelial leucocytes which often contain large dense bodies. All epithelial cells are ciliated and are characterised by apical vesicles, vacuoles and glycogen granules, some rough endoplasmic reticulum, dense bodies and lipid droplets, and a Golgi apparatus. The initial segment of the ductus epididymidis is lined by a very tall epithelium of ciliated and non-ciliated cells. The non-ciliated cells contain numerous apical vesicles, a large Golgi apparatus and numerous mitochondria and secretory granules in close association with an extensive endoplasmic reticulum. The terminal segment of the ductus epididymidis is lined by a low columnar epithelium. A proximal region, occupying part of the head of the epididymis, is similar to the epithelium in the ductuli efferentes. Distally, all the epithelial cells are ciliated. They are characterised by considerable dilated endoplasmic reticulum, a Golgi apparatus, apical vesicles, and numerous mitochondria and secretory granules. The secretory tubules of Leydig's glands are lined by a very tall epithelium with non-ciliated cells containing extensive, dilated, rough endoplasmic reticulum, a large Golgi apparatus, and numerous mitochondria and secretory granules. The significance of the structural differentiation of the duct is discussed in relation to the evolution of the mammalian epididymis.

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20

O'Gower, AK. "Speculations on a spatial memory for the Port Jackson shark (Heterodontus portusjacksoni) (Meyer) (Heterodontidae)." Marine and Freshwater Research 46, no. 5 (1995): 861. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9950861.

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SCUBA observations show that Port Jackson sharks repeatedly visit specific resting sites on ocean reefs at South Bondi (New South Wales) and, when disturbed, move directly from one site to another. The sharks also use specific resting sites in Sydney Harbour and, when transferred by boat to different localities within the harbour, up to 3 km away, return to their original resting sites. The sharks migrate from as far south as Tasmania to Sydney Harbour to lay their eggs in specific sites. Speculative extrapolation from the above observations suggests that Port Jackson sharks must have a highly developed spatial memory.

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21

Clark, Jennalee A., Culum Brown, Michael R. Gillings, Michael Gardner, Jane E. Williamson, Christopher Izzo, and Joanna Day. "Characterization of 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the Port Jackson Shark, Heterodontus portusjacksoni (Meyer, 1793)." Marine Biodiversity 49, no. 1 (August 2, 2017): 505–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12526-017-0772-6.

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22

Powter, D. M., and W. Gladstone. "Embryonic mortality and predation on egg capsules of the Port Jackson shark Heterodontus portusjacksoni (Meyer)." Journal of Fish Biology 72, no. 3 (February 2008): 573–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01721.x.

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23

Mills, Morena, Ron Rasch, Ulrike E. Siebeck, and Shaun P. Collin. "Exogenous Material in the Inner Ear of the Adult Port Jackson Shark, Heterodontus portusjacksoni (Elasmbranchii)." Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology 294, no. 3 (February 18, 2011): spc1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.21255.

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24

Mills, Morena, Ron Rasch, Ulrike E. Siebeck, and Shaun P. Collin. "Exogenous Material in the Inner Ear of the Adult Port Jackson Shark, Heterodontus Portusjacksoni (Elasmbranchii)." Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology 294, no. 3 (January 31, 2011): 373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.21338.

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25

Jones, Russell C., and Minjie Lin. "Structure and functions of the genital ducts of the male Port Jackson shark,Heterodontus portusjacksoni." Environmental Biology of Fishes 38, no. 1-3 (October 1993): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00842909.

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26

Withers, Philip C., Garrick Morrison, and Michael Guppy. "Buoyancy Role of Urea and TMAO in an Elasmobranch Fish, the Port Jackson Shark, Heterodontus portusjacksoni." Physiological Zoology 67, no. 3 (May 1994): 693–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/physzool.67.3.30163765.

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27

Byrnes, Evan E., Catarina Vila Pouca, Sherrie L. Chambers, and Culum Brown. "Into the wild: developing field tests to examine the link between elasmobranch personality and laterality." Behaviour 153, no. 13-14 (2016): 1777–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003373.

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The field of animal personality has received considerable attention in past decades, yet few studies have examined personality in the wild. This study investigated docility, a measure of boldness, in two Port Jackson shark (Heterodontus portusjacksoni) populations using field tests, and if laterality differences explained docility levels. We developed a struggle test as an assay for docility, which is particularly amenable to field studies. The struggle test was effective, and repeatable inter-individual docility differences were observed. Sex, but not population, influenced docility scores, with male sharks being less docile than females. This difference is likely due to the contrasting role each sex plays during mating. We also found individualized lateralization. However, no individual-level relationship between lateralization and docility was detected. Despite reported links between laterality and some personality traits, the relationship between laterality and boldness remains inconclusive in sharks. Further studies will prove essential to clarify the mechanisms behind personality traits in vertebrates.

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28

Marcotte, Megan M. "Homing in the New Zealand eagle ray, Myliobatis tenuicaudatus." Marine and Freshwater Research 65, no. 4 (2014): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf12288.

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Homing after experimental displacement is widespread among bony fishes but has only been documented in two species of elasmobranchs, lemon sharks, Negaprion brevirostris, and Port Jackson sharks, Heterodontus portusjacksoni. To test if a species of batoid was capable of homing, New Zealand eagle rays, Myliobatis tenuicaudatus, were experimentally displaced 1.3–9.4 km from the Whangateau Estuary, where they feed, rest and are protected from predators. Significantly more rays returned to the estuary than expected by chance (seven out of eleven rays). The present study demonstrated for the first time that rays are capable of homing after experimental displacement. Homing success was not predicted by day or night capture, displacement distance, ray size, water depth at the displacement site or time in captivity. The homing rates and speeds of the rays were lower than those recorded for sharks, possibly due to a disparity in motivation and behavioural differences. Analysis of active tracks for associations with potential navigational stimuli may indicate which stimuli the rays use to home.

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Cooper, A. R., and S. Morris. "Haemoglobin function and respiratory status of the Port Jackson shark, Heterodontus portusjacksoni , in response to lowered salinity." Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology 174, no. 3 (April 1, 2004): 223–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00360-003-0405-1.

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30

Preston, E., and G. P. Courtice. "Physiological correlates of vagal nerve innervation in lower vertebrates." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 268, no. 5 (May 1, 1995): R1249—R1256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1995.268.5.r1249.

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In lower vertebrates, cardiac vagal innervation shows less anatomic complexity and specialization than in mammals. To assess the physiological development of vagal specialization in the vertebrates, we investigated cardiac chronotropic effects of electrical stimulation of left and right vagus nerves separately and the interactions between both nerves in anesthetized animals from three vertebrate groups, toad (Bufo marinus), shark (Heterodontus portusjacksoni), and lizard (Physignathus lesueurii). Atropine-sensitive slowing was effected equally by left or right vagi in all species, and chronotropic effects of simultaneous stimulation were the same as the sum of left and right responses. In sharks and lizards, no slowing after atropine was detected (10 Hz stimulation). In toads, after atropine, cardiac slowing was elicited equally by left or right vagal stimulation > 2 Hz. Simultaneous stimulation of both vagi after atropine caused significantly greater slowing than the sum of left and right responses. The results suggest even distribution of left and right vagal nerve endings to pacemaker cells, and limited competition for cardiac receptor sites in lower vertebrates.

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31

Powter, David Mark, and William Gladstone. "Habitat-Mediated Use of Space by Juvenile and Mating Adult Port Jackson Sharks, Heterodontus portusjacksoni, in Eastern Australia1." Pacific Science 63, no. 1 (January 2009): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2984/1534-6188(2009)63[1:huosbj]2.0.co;2.

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32

Powter, David Mark, William Gladstone, and Margaret Platell. "The influence of sex and maturity on the diet, mouth morphology and dentition of the Port Jackson shark, Heterodontus portusjacksoni." Marine and Freshwater Research 61, no. 1 (2010): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf09021.

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Dietary studies are essential for an understanding of elasmobranch ecology and their role in marine ecosystems. The diet, head morphology and dentition of Heterodontus portusjacksoni, an abundant, epibenthic shark in the coastal waters of temperate eastern Australia, were examined in 2004–2005. The stomach contents of the juvenile, subadult and adult stages of 136 males and 100 females were examined. Diets were broad (32 prey taxa), but dominated by molluscs, teleosts and cephalopods. Analyses of stomach contents data demonstrated that diet differed significantly by ontogenetic stage, but not by sex. Juveniles and subadults consumed mainly benthic infauna and epifauna, with subadults ingesting greater amounts of diogenid crustaceans, and adult diets dominated by demersal/pelagic prey. Trophic level differed ontogenetically, from secondary consumers as juveniles and subadults to tertiary consumers as adults. The mainly tricuspidate juvenile dentition changed with maturity to a greater proportion of large molariform distal teeth, whereas the snout and jaw lengthened and broadened. Adult males retained a greater proportion of anterior S-family teeth than females, which was most likely related to copulation. The ontogenetic variation in dietary composition, facilitated by differences in dentition and mouth morphology, demonstrated that dietary resources were partitioned ontogenetically.

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33

Tovar-Ávila, Javier, Christopher Izzo, Terence I. Walker, J. Matías Braccini, and Robert W. Day. "Assessing growth band counts from vertebrae and dorsal-fin spines for ageing sharks: comparison of four methods applied to Heterodontus portusjacksoni." Marine and Freshwater Research 60, no. 9 (2009): 898. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08206.

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Four methods for counting growth bands using vertebrae and dorsal-fin spines of the Port Jackson shark, Heterodontus portusjacksoni, are compared. Both calcified structures presented observable growth bands, allowing cross comparison among structures for the first time in a shark species. Whole and sectioned vertebrae and dorsal fin-spines possess highly visible growth bands and intra-reader band counts resulted in similar precision indices with little systematic bias. However, inter-reader growth band count plots showed possible biases in counts from sectioned vertebrae and sectioned dorsal-fin spines. Sectioned vertebrae and whole and sectioned dorsal-fin spines produced similar growth band counts, whereas whole vertebrae produced significantly lower counts. The similar readability, precision indices, growth band counts and apparent absence of biases between counts for a single reader would indicate that sectioned vertebrae and whole and sectioned dorsal-fin spines are both potentially useful and acceptable methods for band counting. However, inter-reader comparisons are necessary to avoid acceptance of biased estimations, resulting in over- or under-estimations of age. Validation for all age classes is essential to determining accurate age estimations for this and other species.

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34

Thompson, Anton P., and James E. O'Shea. "The Unusual Adrenergic-Like Excitatory Action of Acetylcholine on the Ventricular Cardiac Muscle of the Horned Shark, Heterodontus portusjacksoni." Physiological Zoology 70, no. 2 (March 1997): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/639562.

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Tovar-Ávila, J., V. S. Troynikov, T. I. Walker, and R. W. Day. "Use of stochastic models to estimate the growth of the Port Jackson shark, Heterodontus portusjacksoni, off eastern Victoria, Australia." Fisheries Research 95, no. 2-3 (January 2009): 230–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2008.09.031.

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Tovar-Ávila, J., R. W. Day, and T. I. Walker. "Using rapid assessment and demographic methods to evaluate the effects of fishing on Heterodontus portusjacksoni off far-eastern Victoria, Australia." Journal of Fish Biology 77, no. 7 (October 15, 2010): 1564–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02788.x.

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37

Beckmann, C. L., J. G. Mitchell, L. Seuront, D. A. J. Stone, and C. Huveneers. "From egg to hatchling: preferential retention of fatty acid biomarkers in young-of-the-year Port Jackson sharks Heterodontus portusjacksoni." Journal of Fish Biology 85, no. 3 (July 18, 2014): 944–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12451.

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Dores, Robert M., Erin Cameron, Stephanie Lecaude, and Phillip B. Danielson. "Presence of the δ-MSH sequence in a proopiomelanocortin cDNA cloned from the pituitary of the galeoid shark, Heterodontus portusjacksoni." General and Comparative Endocrinology 133, no. 1 (August 2003): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-6480(03)00151-5.

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39

Beckmann, Crystal L., James G. Mitchell, David A. J. Stone, and Charlie Huveneers. "Inter-Tissue Differences in Fatty Acid Incorporation as a Result of Dietary Oil Manipulation in Port Jackson Sharks (Heterodontus portusjacksoni )." Lipids 49, no. 6 (April 10, 2014): 577–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11745-014-3887-6.

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40

Cooper, A. R., and S. Morris. "Osmotic, sodium, carbon dioxide and acid-base state of the Port Jackson shark, Heterodontus portusjacksoni , in response to lowered salinity." Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology 174, no. 3 (April 1, 2004): 211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00360-003-0404-2.

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41

Lawrence, Kristie, Sally L. Sherwen, and Hannah Larsen. "Natural Habitat Design for Zoo-Housed Elasmobranch and Teleost Fish Species Improves Behavioural Repertoire and Space Use in a Visitor Facing Exhibit." Animals 11, no. 10 (October 15, 2021): 2979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11102979.

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This study investigated the behaviour of two Elasmobranch species; Southern fiddler ray (Trygonorrhina dumerilii, n = 1) and Port Jackson shark (Heterodontus portusjacksoni, n = 4) and two teleost species; moonlighter (Tilodon sexfasciatus, n = 1) and banded morwong (Cheilodactylus spectabilis, n = 1) living within a single enclosure. For this study, two treatments were compared, the original enclosure design, and then after the enclosure had been renovated to more closely represent the species natural habitats, with a raised front viewing glass to prevent visitor interaction. Behaviours such as resting, swimming and abnormal behaviours such as surface and perimeter swimming (elasmobranchs only) were recorded as well as location within the enclosure, for 10 days pre and 10 days post renovation. The Port Jackson sharks significantly reduced the performance of abnormal behaviours after renovation, and significantly increased the time spent near the exhibit front. The Southern fiddler ray increased resting post renovation, while the teleost species also spent more time near the exhibit front. Although a small sample size was used, the results suggest that a more naturalistic environment with multiple micro-habitats and effective visitor barriers allows for a greater proportion of the day spent exhibiting natural behaviours, greater space use and reduced stereotypes.

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Bass, Nathan Charles, Johann Mourier, Nathan A. Knott, Joanna Day, Tristan Guttridge, and Culum Brown. "Long-term migration patterns and bisexual philopatry in a benthic shark species." Marine and Freshwater Research 68, no. 8 (2017): 1414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf16122.

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Knowledge of the broad-scale movement patterns of sharks is essential to developing effective management strategies. Currently there is a large bias in studies focusing on species that are either large apex predators or found in tropical to subtropical regions. There is limited knowledge of the movements and migrations of benthic and temperate shark species. The present study used passive acoustic telemetry to investigate the movement patterns of a benthic shark species, the Port Jackson shark (Heterodontus portusjacksoni). Individuals were tagged with acoustic transmitters between 2012 and 2014 and their movements were monitored within Jervis Bay and along the east Australian coastline for up to 4 years. Male and female Port Jackson sharks demonstrated high levels of philopatry to both Jervis Bay and their tagging location across multiple years. Although males and females did not differ in their arrival times, females departed from Jervis Bay later than males. Approximately half the tagged individuals migrated in a southward direction, with individuals being detected at Narooma, Bass Strait and Cape Barron Island. This study provides conclusive evidence of bisexual philopatry in a benthic temperate shark species, confirming previous hypotheses, and presents the most detailed migration route for Port Jackson sharks to date.

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Keller, Krystle, James A. Smith, Michael B. Lowry, Matthew D. Taylor, and Iain M. Suthers. "Multispecies presence and connectivity around a designed artificial reef." Marine and Freshwater Research 68, no. 8 (2017): 1489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf16127.

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A goal of designed artificial reefs (ARs) is to enhance fish abundance, species diversity and fishing opportunities by providing food and refuge for fish. Quantifying the contribution of ARs to coastal ecosystems and fisheries productivity requires an understanding of fish presence at the structure and connectivity with surrounding habitats. In the present study, the movements and presence of 10 eastern fiddler rays (Trygonorrhina fasciata), 17 Port Jackson sharks (Heterodontus portusjacksoni) and 18 bluespotted flathead (Platycephalus caeruleopunctatus) were monitored using acoustic telemetry around a designed AR in 38-m depth near Sydney, Australia. Fiddler rays exhibited an average short-term presence of 43% at the AR, and 26% over the ~20-month monitoring period, which was significantly higher than the other two species. Fish tagged at the AR showed high affinity to the site at which they were tagged compared with fish tagged on natural reef. All three species moved frequently between the AR and the other reefs in the area, indicating that the AR may increase the connectivity between adjacent habitats and aid the dispersion of benthic species. The moderate presence at the AR suggests that these species may contribute to some biomass production at this AR by incorporating this reef in their natural range.

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Heinrich, Dennis D. U., Catarina Vila Pouca, Culum Brown, and Charlie Huveneers. "Effects of reward magnitude and training frequency on the learning rates and memory retention of the Port Jackson shark Heterodontus portusjacksoni." Animal Cognition 23, no. 5 (June 10, 2020): 939–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-020-01402-2.

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Kadar, Julianna P., Monique A. Ladds, Joanna Day, Brianne Lyall, and Culum Brown. "Assessment of Machine Learning Models to Identify Port Jackson Shark Behaviours Using Tri-Axial Accelerometers." Sensors 20, no. 24 (December 11, 2020): 7096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20247096.

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Movement ecology has traditionally focused on the movements of animals over large time scales, but, with advancements in sensor technology, the focus can become increasingly fine scale. Accelerometers are commonly applied to quantify animal behaviours and can elucidate fine-scale (<2 s) behaviours. Machine learning methods are commonly applied to animal accelerometry data; however, they require the trial of multiple methods to find an ideal solution. We used tri-axial accelerometers (10 Hz) to quantify four behaviours in Port Jackson sharks (Heterodontus portusjacksoni): two fine-scale behaviours (<2 s)—(1) vertical swimming and (2) chewing as proxy for foraging, and two broad-scale behaviours (>2 s–mins)—(3) resting and (4) swimming. We used validated data to calculate 66 summary statistics from tri-axial accelerometry and assessed the most important features that allowed for differentiation between the behaviours. One and two second epoch testing sets were created consisting of 10 and 20 samples from each behaviour event, respectively. We developed eight machine learning models to assess their overall accuracy and behaviour-specific accuracy (one classification tree, five ensemble learners and two neural networks). The support vector machine model classified the four behaviours better when using the longer 2 s time epoch (F-measure 89%; macro-averaged F-measure: 90%). Here, we show that this support vector machine (SVM) model can reliably classify both fine- and broad-scale behaviours in Port Jackson sharks.

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Heinrich, Dennis D. U., Catarina Vila Pouca, Culum Brown, and Charlie Huveneers. "Correction to: Effects of reward magnitude and training frequency on the learning rates and memory retention of the Port Jackson shark Heterodontus portusjacksoni." Animal Cognition 23, no. 5 (June 30, 2020): 951–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-020-01405-z.

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47

Cooper, A. R., and S. Morris. "Osmotic, ionic and haematological response of the Port Jackson shark Heterodontus portusjacksoni and the common stingaree Trygonoptera testacea upon exposure to diluted seawater." Marine Biology 132, no. 1 (August 28, 1998): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050369.

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48

Beckmann, Crystal L., James G. Mitchell, David A. J. Stone, and Charlie Huveneers. "A controlled feeding experiment investigating the effects of a dietary switch on muscle and liver fatty acid profiles in Port Jackson sharks Heterodontus portusjacksoni." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 448 (October 2013): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2013.06.009.

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49

Newbound, Dennyse R., and James E. O’Shea. "The Microanatomy of the Rectal Salt Gland of the Port Jackson Shark, Heterodontus portusjacksoni (Meyer) (Heterodontidae): Suggestions for a Counter-Current Exchange System." Cells Tissues Organs 169, no. 2 (2001): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000047875.

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Frick, Lorenz H., Terence I. Walker, and Richard D. Reina. "Trawl capture of Port Jackson sharks, Heterodontus portusjacksoni, and gummy sharks, Mustelus antarcticus, in a controlled setting: Effects of tow duration, air exposure and crowding." Fisheries Research 106, no. 3 (December 2010): 344–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2010.08.016.

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