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Akhouri, Narendra Nath. "Touch-screen Kiosks for Employees - Hero Honda." NHRD Network Journal 1, no. 1_Special_Issue (November 2006): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974173920060109s.
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Saha, Aritra, and Utpal Chattopadhyay. "The Impact of International Joint Venture on Local Economy: A Case Study of Hero Honda." South Asian Journal of Business and Management Cases 4, no. 1 (June 2015): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277977915574035.
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The Indian two-wheeler industry has undergone a long journey since its humble beginning in the late 1940s. During these eventful years, it has experienced great advancements in technology, tremendous increments in production volume and opening up of the market for global trade. India has now emerged as a global leader in two-wheeler production and trade. A key factor behind the creditable progress of this industry has been the operation of several international joint ventures (IJVs) such as Kawasaki Bajaj, TVS Suzuki, Kinetic Honda and Hero Honda. Of all IJVs, the partnership between Hero and Honda has been the longest and perhaps the most remarkable too. This article gives a brief overview of the Indian two-wheeler industry and presents a glimpse of the IJVs therein. It analyzes the impact of Hero Honda case, in detail, to showcase how a local manufacturer can team up with a global player and still achieve a synergy between their core competencies for enhancing efficiency, productivity and quality. The article narrates the transition from interfirm competition to cooperation and aims at finding out how management innovations by both the partners can help reduce conflicts of interest, avoid cannibalization of the products of individual firms and derive mutual benefits by aligning their individual targets to a common goal of market success.
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Tripathi, Abhishek, and Amandeep Singh. "Event Study on Declaration of Separation on Stock Prices of Hero MotoCorp Ltd. : A Case Study on Hero & Honda Separation." Indian Journal of Finance 6, no. 7 (July 1, 2012): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17010/ijf/2012/v6i7/72406.
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Pathak, R. D., Zafar Husain, N. A. Sushil, and Danny Samson. "Learning and technology management in an international partnership: Honda of Japan and Hero of India." International Journal of Manufacturing Technology and Management 11, no. 1 (2007): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmtm.2007.012446.
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Singhania, Monica, Navendu Sharma, Rohit J. Yagnesh, and Nimit Mehra. "Hero cycles: operating breakevens." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 4, no. 2 (March 5, 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-2014-4444.
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Subject area Bicycle industry, emerging markets, competitor analysis, financial forecasting. Study level/applicability This case can be used as a teaching tool in the following courses: MBA/post-graduate programs in management in management accounting, management control systems and strategic cost management; executive training programs for middle and senior level employees; and under-graduate/post-graduate programs in entrepreneurship. It can be used to explain and test the concepts of SWOT analysis, Porter's five forces model and PEST analysis. It introduces the technique of breakeven analysis and its relationship with operating leverage. Moreover, it demonstrates the application and analyses of the Du Pont equation. Case overview Hero Cycles Ltd was established by the four Munjal brothers in pre-independence India. It started off as a business of bicycle spare parts, but quickly expanded in post-independence India, with Ludhiana as its base. The company later joined with foreign firms like Honda Motors, Japan to become the largest manufacturers of bicycles in the world. It dominates domestic markets with a market share of around 40 percent. Ananth Munjal, a learned, ambitious and cautious individual, is the next generation, ready to take over the reins of the company. Being someone who believes in learning from past mistakes, he forms a team to critically examine the decisions made by his predecessors. This team is also directed to utilize forecasting techniques for determining the expected profitability given the existing state of affairs that prevail. Additionally, Du Pont analysis is to be performed for studying the efficiency of the company on the facets of operating performance, asset turnover and associated financial leverage. Also, Ananth's risk-averse nature compels him to study the past with regard to the relationship between operating leverage, breakeven sales and corresponding margin of safety. Furthermore, he wishes to inspect the historical cost structure of the firm, and its influence on company performance. Expected learning outcomes These include the use of: SWOT analysis to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to a company; PEST analysis to identify the political, economic, social and technological factors that affect the operations of a company; Porter's five forces model to analyse an industry. The case also helps students: by identifying fixed costs and variable costs that are a part of operating expenditure of a business; in the use of forecasting the financials of a company for the sake of predicting the future outcomes of certain business strategies; by application of Du Pont analysis to examine the efficiency of the various processes and strategies; in determining quantitative terms like contribution margin, breakeven sales, operating leverage, margin of safety, their significance, and the relationship between these terms. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
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Khan, Mohd Akbar Ali, and Datrika Venkata Madhusudan Rao. "TWO-WHEELER CONSUMERS’ BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS CUSTOMER SATISFACTION." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, no. 2 (March 31, 2018): 13–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i2.2018.1536.
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This original exploratory study was to examine the impact of select exogenous and demographic variables on Customer Satisfaction. As per ACMA May month data, top four brands, namely Hero, Bajaj, Honda and TVS brands were selected for study and 600 two-wheeler consumers’ samples collected, using random sampling in Hyderabad. The data were analysed with descriptive statistics, and non-parametric tests, to know the impact of independent and demographic variables on customer satisfaction and found no impact, further given different implications.
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Patibandla, Murali. "Divergence and Convergence of Firm-Level Best Practices: The Case of Bajaj and Hero-Honda in India’s Two-Wheeler Industry." Journal of East-West Business 22, no. 4 (September 21, 2016): 351–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10669868.2016.1217722.
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Bauer, Thomas. "When an energy drink exalts a table tennis hero: Brand placement and subvertising in the mangaPing-Pong Dash!!by Honda Shingo." Loisir et Société / Society and Leisure 41, no. 2 (May 4, 2018): 233–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07053436.2018.1482668.
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Absar, Mir Mohammed Nurul, Ritu Srivastava, and Sadia Akhter. "Leadership through differentiation: Hero’s journey with Niloy Motors in the motorcycle industry of Bangladesh." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 11, no. 1 (March 16, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-08-2020-0318.
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Learning outcomes This case study can be taught in the core courses on marketing management and strategic management at the postgraduate level management programmes. This case would facilitate students’ to appreciate the context of a business-level strategy in congruence with the firm’s corporate goals in an emerging market. This case study discussion will enable students to: understand and appreciate the opportunities and the nature of the emerging market, explain the strategic decisions that can impact the survival of the global brands in new markets, explain different types of business-level strategy and their appropriate application, synthesise various industry and market-related information into the selection and justification of any particular business-level strategy and learn the technique of perceptual mapping. Case overview/synopsis Hero MotoCorp Limited of India; the world’s number one motorcycle company by volume, established its second global manufacturing facility in Bangladesh in 2018 with the Nitol-Niloy Group. A sister concern, Niloy Motors Limited (NML), had been in charge of the marketing, distribution and sales of the brand “Hero”. Abu Aslam, as the Chief Marketing Officer of NML soon had to confront this fast-paced and highly competitive motorcycle market of Bangladesh. He needed to meet the corporate goal of becoming the market leader by the year 2025. On the one hand, Hero was comparatively a late entrant; on the other hand, the market accommodated almost all popular global brands such as Bajaj, TVS and Honda. The high growth economy with a rising middle class and a favourable government policy had made the Bangladeshi motorcycle industry quite lucrative for the global manufacturers. Upon its entrance, Hero found a price-sensitive market where it soon became number two by adopting the cost-leadership strategy. However, the incessant price-cutting by the players led to the price war, and every company was losing profit. The resulting situation had created a strong challenge for Aslam as achieving the market leadership through cost-leadership seemed to be an impractical strategy. Towards the end of the 2019–2020 sales-year, Aslam introduced a new variant of Splendor Plus to the entry cc segment with some new features and a slightly higher price. Receiving a significant positive customer response, Aslam was seriously considering sailing away from cost-leadership. Now, Aslam was in a dilemma as he needed to choose from the three alternatives of adopting the differentiation strategy, namely, differentiation, focussed differentiation and broad differentiation. Complexity academic level Not applicable. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 11: Strategy.
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Giri, Sanjupa, and Kumar Thapa. "A Study of Customer Satisfaction on After Sales Service of Two Wheelers in Kathmandu Valley." Journal of Business and Social Sciences Research 1, no. 1 (September 2, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jbssr.v1i1.20946.
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<p>The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between various identified after-sales service attributes of Two Wheeler brands and customer satisfaction. It further intends at segregating the major after sales service as per Kano Model. This research is a quantitative research with a sample size of 280, 40 each on the basis of brands of bike and scooter. Sample is selected in a quota and convenience basis. The brands which are taken as samples includes Honda, Hero, Bajaj, Mahindra, Yamaha, Royal Enfield and others (TVS, Suzuki and VR). Kano Model analysis, frequency analysis, correlation, ANOVA test, independent sample t-test, etc. are used for data analysis. Kano model is taken as a basic model for the study.</p><p>Surprisingly, it is found that supporting after sales service has more impact on customer satisfaction than major after sales services have. Apparently, the most valued after sales service is behaviour of technicians which has the strongest and positive relation with customer satisfaction. Behaviour attributes play major role in customer satisfaction. Likewise, functional and dysfunctional questions are analyzed to carry out Kano Model Analysis. From the research, it is found that Spare part supply, Warranty, Bike wash and Service camp are the must be requirements. Likewise, Repair and Maintenance, Customer Care, Inspection and Mobile Van (office hours) are regarded as one dimensional services. And, Driving Orientation and 24 hours Mobile Van service are regarded as Attractive services. At present, 63% of customers are satisfied with the after sales service and 10% are very satisfied with the current after sales service. This study is significant to distributors of two wheelers and parent companies, as they can formulate after sales service strategies by understanding the present satisfaction level of customers and degree of each after sales service attributed to satisfy the customers.</p><p>Journal of Business and Social Sciences Research, Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp. 1-21</p>
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Mishra, Manit, and S. C. Sahoo. "Bajaj Auto Limited: Synergizing Product Engineering and Market Engineering Initiatives." Asian Case Research Journal 17, no. 02 (December 2013): 305–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218927513500144.
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The case chronicles the rise-fall-rise saga of the Indian two-wheeler major Bajaj Auto Limited from the perspective of product engineering and market engineering initiatives. The Indian two-wheeler industry went through a metamorphosis over the last two decades as consumer preference shifted from inconspicuous scooter to elegant motorcycle. Even as Bajaj implemented product and market engineering initiatives to satisfy changing consumer tastes, its market share was not a reflection of its efforts until it integrated these two vital domains. The case elucidates upon the decision situations encountered by the top management of Bajaj in its quest to attain consumer centricity through synergistic assimilation of product engineering skills and market engineering acumen. The case is divided into eight sections. The introduction section traces the history of Indian two-wheeler industry from the product and market engineering perspective and elucidates upon the challenge of creating a customer-centred company through synergistic assimilation of both these vital domains. The second section offers a view of the present two-wheeler industry landscape; critically evaluates the consumer value system to reveal the different benefit-based customer segments; and, documents the shifting loyalty of Indian consumers from archaic scooters to aesthetic motorcycles. The third section maps the industry in terms of price and engine capacity so as to sketch out the competitive scenario. The fourth section highlights the trials and tribulations that the organization has undergone on its way to learning the ropes towards better integration of product engineering and market engineering initiatives. The fifth section provides a description of the various product innovation measures taken by Bajaj in the decade gone by to win back its lost glory. The sixth section delineates Bajaj's endeavour in the last decade to harness latent consumer needs, wants and desires to its advantage. The section on competitors' product and market engineering strategies puts into perspective the product engineering and market engineering strategies of Bajaj's key competitors — Hero Honda and TVS. The case culminates with the conclusion section wherein the authors have discussed how the synergy achieved between the product engineering and market engineering initiatives in the last decade has catapulted Bajaj back into reckoning as a proactive player in the Indian two-wheeler industry.
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Paul, Rik, and Debapratim Purkayastha. "Customer retention at Hyundai Motor India Ltd." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 3, no. 3 (June 28, 2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-06-2013-0078.
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Title – Customer retention at Hyundai Motor India Ltd. Subject area – Marketing management, services marketing, customer relationship management and strategic marketing management. Study level/applicability – This case can be taught effectively to MBA/MS students. Case overview – Hyundai Motor India Ltd (HMIL) commenced operations in India in 1996 and launched its first car in India – the Hyundai Santro – in 1998. Since then, there has been no looking back for the company. Its domestic and export sales figures have risen manifold each year and the car maker has gone on to become the second largest manufacturer in the Indian car market with a market share of 18.10 percent as of 2010-2011. By 2009-2010, most of the major international car makers were setting up production facilities in India. The market was set to become highly competitive and it became imperative for manufacturers like Maruti Suzuki India Ltd (MSIL) and HMIL to retain their customers in order to maintain their market share. Nalin Kapoor, General Manager (Sales & Marketing) was contemplating the marketing strategies he could use to counter the stiff competition. Customer retention was one of the major problems in the automobile industry as the purchase time span varied between three and five years and the cost of brand switching was nil. HMIL had been pursuing customer relationship management activities but its customer retention ratio was declining. Kapoor and his team decided to study the loyalty programs of some companies in the automobile industry to ascertain whether launching a loyalty card could solve their problem of retention. The marketing strategy department with the help of a management intern extensively studied the existing loyalty program of Hero Honda, MSIL, and Ford to identify how those programs were designed and promoted to the customer. The reports also indicated the shortcomings of each program and the features which were highly accepted by the customer. The loyalty program also had cost implications as there was a need for a strong technical support team to run it successfully. With the reports in hand, Kapoor was in a dilemma on whether launching a loyalty card would be feasible or not. If yes, then how should it be structured to motivate the customers to stay loyal to the company? Also, how could the cost in terms of promotion, training, and technical support be justified? If not a loyalty program, then what marketing strategies should the company pursue to retain customers effectively? The problem demanded immediate attention and action and Kapoor was well aware of the implications that a delay in decision making would have for the market share of the company in the growing and dynamic automobile industry in India. Expected learning outcomes – These include: the concept of customer relationship management; relationship marketing; customer retention; customer loyalty; customer profitability segments; relationship bonds; and designing loyalty programs. Supplementary materials – Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email: support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
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Brun, Pierre-Thomas, Neil Ribe, and Basile Audoly. "An introduction to the mechanics of the lasso." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 470, no. 2171 (November 8, 2014): 20140512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2014.0512.
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Trick roping evolved from humble origins as a cattle-catching tool into a sport that delights audiences all over the world with its complex patterns or ‘tricks’. Its fundamental tool is the lasso, formed by passing one end of a rope through a small loop (the honda) at the other end. Here, we study the mechanics of the simplest rope trick, the Flat Loop , in which the rope is driven by the steady circular motion of the roper's hand in a horizontal plane. We first consider the case of a fixed (non-sliding) honda. Noting that the rope's shape is steady in the reference frame rotating with the hand, we analyse a string model in which line tension is balanced by the centrifugal force and the rope's weight. We use numerical continuation to classify the steadily rotating solutions in a bifurcation diagram and analyse their stability. In addition to Flat Loops , we find planar ‘coat-hanger’ solutions, and whirling modes in which the loop collapses onto itself. Next, we treat the more general case of a honda that can slide due to a finite coefficient of friction of the rope on itself. Using matched asymptotic expansions, we resolve the shape of the rope in the boundary layer near the honda where the rope's bending stiffness cannot be neglected. We use this solution to derive a macroscopic criterion for the sliding of the honda in terms of the microscopic Coulomb static friction criterion. Our predictions agree well with rapid-camera observations of a professional trick roper and with laboratory experiments using a ‘robo-cowboy’.
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Artola Kortajarena, Koldo. "Erroibarko aldaeraren inguruan (3 – Hego Erroibarko azpialdaera. Bigarren erdia)." Fontes Linguae Vasconum, no. 122 (December 27, 2016): 245–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.35462/flv122.1.
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Honen aurreko saioan Hego Erroibarko hiru herritan –Erro, Orondritz eta Esnotz– inoiz bildu genituen euskarazko lekukotasunak hona ekarri genituen moduan, oraingo honetan esparru bereko beste bostetan –Gurbizar, Urniza, Loizu, Larraingoa eta Ardaitz– grabaturikoen berri eman dugu. Jakina denez, Bonaparte printzeak taxutu zuen maparen arabera, herri hauetako guztietako euskarak, gehi Erroibar bereko iparraldean eta Esteribarko herririk gehientsuenetan mintzatu denarekin, Erroko aldaera osatzen zuten.
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Ghosh, Sampa, and Debjyoti Bhattacharyya. "Five new additions to the grass flora of Tripura State, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 10, no. 3 (March 26, 2018): 11484. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.3461.10.3.11484-11492.
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Five species of grasses (Poaceae) viz., Acroceras munroanum (Balansa) Henrard, Cyrtococcum patens var. latifolium (Honda) Ohwi, Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees, Panicum maximum Jacq. and Pseudechinolaena polystachya (Kunth) Stapf are reported here for the first time as new records for the state Tripura, India.
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Katabuchi, H., R. Honda, T. Tajima, H. Ohtake, T. Kageshita, T. Ono, and H. Okamura. "Clear cell sarcoma arising in the retroperitoneum." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 12, no. 1 (January 2002): 124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-00009577-200201000-00020.
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Abstract.Katabuchi H, Honda R, Tajima T, Ohtake H, Kageshita T, Ono T, Okamura H. Clear cell sarcoma arising in the retroperitoneum.Clear cell sarcoma is a rare soft-tissue neoplasm, arising most commonly in the tendons and aponeuroses of young adults. We report here the first female case of clear cell sarcoma arising in the retroperitoneum with clinical features similar to those of malignant ovarian tumors. Aspects of clinical presentation, histopathologic evaluation, and treatment are described.
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Diffie, Stan, and Max Bass. "Insecticide Evaluation for Control of the Imported Fire Ant in Bibb County, Ga, 1993." Arthropod Management Tests 19, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/19.1.299a.
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Abstract Two broadcast baits, Amdro® and Logic®, were broadcast over respective 2.2 acre plots on 27 May. A Herd Seeder mounted on a Honda ATC was used to apply the baits at 1.5 lb/acre. A third plot (2 acres) was left untreated as a control plot. Applications were made at 5:00 pm. Each plot contained five 0.1 acre circular subplots. These plots were marked with orange surveyor stakes. Pretreatment counts were made on 27 May inside the fifteen subplots. Posttreatment counts were made inside the same fifteen subplots on 27 Jun, 30 Jul, 31 Aug, 29 Sep, 13 Oct, and 17 Nov.
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Diffie, Sa, and Ma Bass. "Insecticide Evaluation for Control of the Red Imported Ftre Ant in Walton County, Georgia, 1990." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 17, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/17.1.313a.
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Abstract Three treatments were applied at 6:00 pm on 24 May as follows: Amdro bait broadcast over a 2.75 acre plot, Logic bait broadcast over a 2.4 acre plot, and a third plot (2.0 acres) was left untreated as a control plot. A Herd Seeder mounted on a Honda ATC was used to apply the baits. At 3:30 pm on 5 Jun Lorsban granules were broadcast over the Amdro and Logic plots. Each plot contained four 0.1 acre circular subplots. Plots were marked with orange surveyor stakes. Pretreatment counts were made on 24 May in each subplot. Posttreatment counts were made on 28 Jun, 17 Jul, 29 Aug, and 7 Feb.
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Etgü, Tolga, and Burak Ozbagci. "On the contact Ozsváth-Szabó invariant." Studia Scientiarum Mathematicarum Hungarica 47, no. 1 (March 1, 2010): 90–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/sscmath.2009.1115.
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Sarkar and Wang proved that the hat version of Heegaard Floer homology group of a closed oriented 3-manifold is combinatorial starting from an arbitrary nice Heegaard diagram and in fact every closed oriented 3-manifold admits such a Heegaard diagram. Plamenevskaya showed that the contact Ozsváth-Szabó invariant is combinatorial once we are given an open book decomposition compatible with a contact structure. The idea is to combine the algorithm of Sarkar and Wang with the recent description of the contact Ozsváth-Szabó invariant due to Honda, Kazez and Matić. Here we observe that the hat version of the Heegaard Floer homology group and the contact Ozsváth-Szabó invariant in this group can be combinatorially calculated starting from a contact surgery diagram. We give detailed examples pointing out to some shortcuts in the computations.
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Refieta, Dita. "Heroism As Portrayed in Henry Gilbert’s Novel Robin Hooda and Rizki Ridyasmara’s Novel Pitung: A Comparative Literature Analysis." Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia 2, no. 4 (April 25, 2021): 636–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/japendi.v2i4.148.
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This thesis contains a study of comparative literature which involves two novels of different nations with similar motifs; heroism. The purpose of this study is to find out how heroism in the two novels and find the similarities and differences regarding the thirteen central features of the hero possessed by the leading character. The leading characters, Robin Hood and Pitung are the heroes who concern for other people in need, through their actions by stealing from the rich to give to the poor. The study also involves looking at the intrinsic elements to look at the similarities and differences found in the two novels. In completing the analysis, the writer uses the descriptive qualitative method which represents all the data in the forms of words and sentences. The writer collects data from various sources, including the novels Robin Hood by Henry Gilbert, Pitung by Rizki Ridyasmara, relevant books, articles, and journals to support the analysis. Based on the analysis it concluded that the novels show similarities and differences regarding the central features of the hero that is possessed by the two leading characters of both literary works. Robin Hood shows braver as physically act while Pitung shows more courage as mentally active.
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BOUBAKRI, ABIR, ROBERT BOSMANS, JULIEN PÉTILLON, and MOHAMED SGHAIER ACHOURI. "Description of a new Agraecina species from Tunisia (Araneae: Liocranidae), with a review of all species of the genus." Zootaxa 4772, no. 1 (May 7, 2020): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.9.
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While Liocranidae is a family encompassing 283 species distributed in 32 genera (World Spider Catalog 2019), the genus Agraecina Simon, 1932 currently counts only six described species: Agraecina canariensis Wunderlich, 1992 from the Canaries, A. cristriani (Georgescu, 1989) from Romania, A. hodna Bosmans, 1999 from Algeria, A. lineata (Simon, 1878) from Europe and Kazakhstan, A. rutilia (Simon, 1897) from Sierrra Leone, and A. scupiensis Deltshev, 2016 from Macedonia. During an ecological survey in the north of Tunisia, a new Agraecina species was discovered and is described here. Spiders were collected using pitfall traps in a salt marsh.
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Collins, H. L., and A. M. Callcott. "Rifa Quarantine Treatments in Commercial Grass Sod, 1992." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 18, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.333.
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Abstract A standard treatment and two candidate RIFA quarantine treatments were applied 21-23 May 1991 to a nonproduction field of common St. Augustine grass near Wadsworth, TX. Plots were 0.4 ha (210 x 210 ft) arranged in a CRD with 6 replicates per treatment. Granular formulations were applied with a Herd GT-77® granular applicator mounted on a John Deere AMT 600 all-terrain vehicle. Sprays were applied with a roller pump boom sprayer comprised of five KSS-3 spray tips spaced 0.9 m apart. The system was pressurized to 1.0-1.25 kg/cm2 and towed behind a Honda 300 all-terrain vehicle, providing a delivery rate of 115.5 liter/ha. RIFA population assessments were made in 0.1 ha circular subplots in the center of each treatment plot immediately prior to, and at 4, 8, 12, 20, and 36 wk after application using a population indexing system described elsewhere (Lofgren and Williams; 1982. J. Econ. Entomol. 75: 798-803). Data were analyzed for treatment differences using ANOVA and the Tukey test.
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Wu, Jing, Meizhen Wang, Zhangshichang Zhu, Minqi Cai, Joongku Lee, and Pan Li. "Cytogeography of the East Asian Tulips (Amana, Liliaceae)." Taxonomy 2, no. 1 (March 10, 2022): 145–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy2010012.
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Amana Honda (Liliaceae), known as ‘east Asian tulips’, is a spring ephemeral genus endemic to Sino-Japanese Floristic Subregion, mainly distributed in eastern and central China, Japan and the Korean peninsula. Chromosome numbers are reported here for the first time from 89 populations of Amana (representing all seven accepted species, two new species about to be published, and two suspected new species). Three ploidy levels are found in this genus. These are diploid (2n = 2x = 24) and tetraploid (2n = 4x = 48) in the widespread A. edulis, while all the narrow endemics are diploid, except for one population of A. tianmuensis, which is triploid (2n = 3x = 36). The northernmost and southernmost populations of A. edulis are diploid and tetraploid, respectively, while diploids and tetraploids coexist in between, with gradual transition to diploids as the latitude increases. This may indicate polyploids have an advantage in tolerance of environmental stress and are more adaptable to high-temperature environment in subtropical regions than diploids. The species and cytotype distributions in Amana are complex, and these results provide hypotheses about the origins of the genus and the polyploid cytotypes.
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HAMAGUCHI, Hidenori, Katsumi FUJIMOTO, Takeshi KAWAMOTO, Mitsuhide NOSHIRO, Koji MAEMURA, Norihiko TAKEDA, Ryozo NAGAI, et al. "Expression of the gene for Dec2, a basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor, is regulated by a molecular clock system." Biochemical Journal 382, no. 1 (August 10, 2004): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20031760.
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Dec2, a member of the basic helix–loop–helix superfamily, is a recently confirmed regulatory protein for the clockwork system. Transcripts of Dec2, as well as those of its related gene Dec1, exhibit a striking circadian oscillation in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, and Dec2 inhibits transcription from the Per1 promoter induced by Clock/Bmal1 [Honma, Kawamoto, Takagi, Fujimoto, Sato, Noshiro, Kato and Honma (2002) Nature (London) 419, 841–844]. It is known that mammalian circadian rhythms are controlled by molecular clockwork systems based on negative-feedback loop(s), but the molecular mechanisms for the circadian regulation of Dec2 gene expression have not been clarified. We show here that transcription of the Dec2 gene is regulated by several clock molecules and a negative-feedback loop. Luciferase and gel retardation assays showed that expression of Dec2 was negatively regulated by binding of Dec2 or Dec1 to two CACGTG E-boxes in the Dec2 promoter. Forced expression of Clock/Bmal1 and Clock/Bmal2 markedly increased Dec2 mRNA levels, and up-regulated the transcription of the Dec2 gene through the CACGTG E-boxes. Like Dec, Cry and Per also suppressed Clock/Bmal-induced transcription from the Dec2 promoter. Moreover, the circadian expression of Dec2 transcripts was abolished in the kidney of Clock/Clock mutant mice. These findings suggest that the Clock/Bmal heterodimer enhances Dec2 transcription via the CACGTG E-boxes, whereas the induced transcription is suppressed by Dec2, which therefore must contribute to its own rhythmic expression. In addition, Cry and Per may also modulate Dec2 transcription.
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Barth, Matthew, Michael Todd, and Hiroshi Murakami. "Intelligent Transportation System Technology in a Shared Electric Vehicle Program." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1731, no. 1 (January 2000): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1731-11.
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To be successful, shared vehicle systems must be responsive, convenient, and easy to manage. By applying a variety of intelligent transportation system (ITS) technologies (e.g., vehicle location and identification, dispatching, smart cards), these attributes can be achieved. Further, intelligent transportation technology is useful for collecting data on user behavior and vehicle usage. These data add to the understanding of shared vehicle systems and of how to design systems for the future. The University of California-Riverside (UC Riverside) and Honda Motor Company have implemented a shared electric vehicle system test bed named UCR IntelliShare, which consists of 15 shared electric vehicles, moving among three stations on and near the UC Riverside campus. The system, described here, uses highly developed ITS technology, including smart cards, touch-screen registration kiosks, vehicle monitoring and tracking hardware, and sophisticated management software. The system has operated since April 1999, and abundant data are collected every day. Preliminary results are provided, describing user behavior, vehicle operation, and many shared vehicle trip characteristics. These data are being used to study shared vehicle systems and to refine shared vehicle system simulation modeling tools. These tools can assist in designing other shared vehicle systems, greatly reducing the implementation risks and liabilities that may be associated with future, full-scale shared vehicle system implementations.
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Azteria, Veza, and Ruslan Abdul Gani. "PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH MINYAK PELUMAS SEBAGAI UPAYA PENGENDALIAN PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN." BIOLINK (Jurnal Biologi Lingkungan Industri Kesehatan) 6, no. 2 (January 15, 2020): 178–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/biolink.v6i2.2725.
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PT. Astra International Tbk recorded the demand for the use of lubricants as one of the spare parts components sought by Honda motorcycle consumers to continue to increase where at the end of 2015 lubricant parts sales were recorded at 18,596,521 lubricants and each month on average they needed around 1,149,125 lubricant (Gani, 2016). In the case of waste producers, B3 waste management can be transferred to other parties accompanied by documents showing evidence of delivery of B3 waste, in accordance with the contents of Article 32 Paragraph (2) Government Regulation Number 101 of 2014. The meaning transferred here can be interpreted as being sold to another party, because the waste of used lubricating oil still has economic value. This study aims to determine the process of managing lubricating oil waste at Astra Motor Balikpapan. This study was designed as a descriptive observational evaluation study conducted cross sectionally by observing, analyzing, observing and processing data and information that has been systematically collected. The results showed that the management of used lubricant waste at Astra Motor Balikpapan was quite good, but there were some things that needed to be improved including control from Balikpapan BLHD supervision, workshops and continuous counseling and the absence of strict administrative sanctions.
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Izumi, T., S. Kishimoto, T. Takano, M. Nakamura, Y. Miyabe, M. Nakata, C. Sakanaka, and T. Shimizu. "Expression of human platelet-activating factor receptor gene in EoL-1 cells following butyrate-induced differentiation." Biochemical Journal 305, no. 3 (February 1, 1995): 829–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3050829.
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Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent lipid mediator of allergic inflammation through its interaction with eosinophils. Expression of the PAF receptor is modulated by many agents, including those responsible for cell differentiation. We report here that differentiation of a human eosinophilic leukaemia cell line, EoL-1, by sodium n-butyrate is associated with induction of PAF receptor gene expression, as indicated by: PAF receptor mRNA accumulation; increases in the binding of [3H]WEB 2086, a PAF antagonist; analysis of cell-surface expression of PAF receptor protein using a monoclonal anti-(PAF receptor) antibody; and augmentation of PAF-induced increase in the intracellular concentration of calcium. Using cDNA cloning, the receptor expressed in EoL-1 cells was identified as ‘Transcript 1’, one of two transcripts which was previously reported from human genomic analysis (Mutoh, Bito, Minami, Nakamura, Honda, Izumi, Nakata, Kurachi, Terano and Shimizu (1993) FEBS Lett. 322, 129-134). The PAF-induced calcium response and phosphoinositide turnover were decreased by pertussis toxin (PTX) treatment, suggesting that these signals are coupled largely with PTX-sensitive G-protein(s) in EoL-1 cells. These systems may provide a useful experimental model with which to investigate the relationship between eosinophilic differentiation and PAF receptor induction, and the role of eosinophils in allergic responses.
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Silva, Alécio Gonçalves da. "Reparar o Erro Através do Casamento: Honra, Moral e Sexualidade em um Trâmite Judicial." Revista Discente Ofícios de Clio 4, no. 7 (January 24, 2020): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15210/clio.v4i7.17014.
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Em suma, a história dessa narrativa busca lançar um olhar historiográfico sobre figuras e acontecimentos. Elegemos para tanto, enquanto fonte histórica principal um caso judicial, este em específico ocorrido na década de 80 do século XX, mas precisamente em 1982. Tratando-se de uma ação judicial cível de “Suprimento de Idade para Casamento”. O desenrolar do fato gravado nas páginas dos autos, torna necessário, por si só, uma reflexão acerca dos fios e teias que urdiram a partir das relações de micropoderes um sistema estrutural maior, mais complexo, aqui entendido enquanto a sociedade disciplinar e de controle. A partir deste caso e com outras fontes disponíveis, buscamos refletir sobre as redes invisíveis de interesses, inscritas substancialmente nos procedimentos técnicos, dentro dos discursos de saber-poder médico e jurídico embebidos pela lógica social disciplinar.Palavras-chave: Ação Judicial; Suprimento de Idade para Casamento; Sexualidade; Sociedade Disciplinar e de Controle. AbstractIn short, the history of this narrative seeks to cast a historiographical look at figures and events. To this end, we have chosen, as the main historical source, a judicial case, specifically in the 80's of the twentieth century, but precisely in 1982. This is a civil lawsuit of “Marriage Age Supply”. The unfolding of the fact recorded in the pages of the file, in itself, requires a reflection on the threads and webs that wove from the relations of micropowers a larger, more complex structural system, understood here as the disciplinary and control society. From this case and with other available sources, we seek to reflect on the invisible networks of interests, inscribed substantially in technical procedures, within the discourses of medical and legal know-how embedded in the disciplinary social logic.Keywords: Lawsuit; Age Supply for Marriage; Sexuality; Disciplinary and Control Society.
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FIERS, FRANK, and MERLIJN JOCQUE. "Leaf litter copepods from a cloud forest mountain top in Honduras (Copepoda: Cyclopidae, Canthocamptidae)." Zootaxa 3630, no. 2 (March 20, 2013): 270–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3630.2.4.
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Five different species of Copepoda were extracted from a leaf litter sample collected on the top (at 2000 m a.s.l.) of a cloud forested mountain in El Cusuco National Park, Honduras. Three of them, one Cyclopidae and two Canthocamptidae are new to science, and are described herein. Olmeccyclops hondo sp. nov. is the second representative thus far known of this New World genus. Moraria catracha sp. nov. and Moraria cusuca sp. nov. are the first formally described members of the genus occurring in Central America. The concept of a “Moraria-group” is considered to be an artificial grouping and is limited here to the genera Moraria and Morariopsis only. The distributional range of this group is essentially Holarctic, with the mountainous regions inHonduras, and probably in westNicaragua, as the southernmost limits in theNew World.
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Hemelryk Donald, Stephanie, Kaya Davies Hayon, and Lucia Sorbera. "Refugee filmmaking." Alphaville: Journal of Film and Screen Media, no. 18 (December 1, 2019): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/alpha.18.01.
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The origins of this issue of Alphaville lie in collaborations between the Forced Migration Research Network (UNSW – University of New South Wales) and the Refugee Council of Australia, and in the inspiration afforded us by international colleagues and guests to Sydney (Fadma Aït Mous), Liverpool (Dennis Del Favero) and Lincoln (Hoda Afshar) universities. We have benefited from these academic alliances and invitations, but we also embrace the widest notion of hospitality, whereby the moment of arrival, the request for assistance and shelter, and subsequent decisions over citizenship and long-term residency are located in a moral environment of welcome and mutual learning. We trace and acknowledge our intellectual relationships here in so far as they have allowed us to articulate an emerging and shared recognition that refugee lived experience stands as the barometer for political civility and social health in our time.
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Nicolas, Michele. "K. H. C. Başer, Gisho Honda and Wataru Miki: Herb drugs and herbalists in Turkey. (Studia Culturae Islamicae, no. 27.) vii, 296 pp. Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, 1986." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 51, no. 3 (October 1988): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00116787.
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Luarsabishvili, Vladimer. "Miguel de UNAMUNO, «Un intento de traducción poética al georgiano (algunos ejemplos)»." Hermēneus. Revista de traducción e interpretación, no. 21 (December 20, 2019): 625–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24197/her.21.2019.625-631.
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«¿Cómo, este hombre que escribe tan extrañas paradojas, este hombre a quien llaman sabio, este hombre que sabe griego, que sabe una media docena de idiomas, que ha aprendido solo el sueco y que sabe hacer incomparables pajaritas de papel, quiere también ser poeta?» – escribía Rubén Darío en La Nación de Buenos Aires sobre poesía de Miguel de Unamuno. En aquellos tiempos don Miguel era ya muy conocido por su prosa pero no por su poesía. Poesía que de pronto se había convertido en una expresión rítmica y musical de su palabra, en la revelación íntima en la que el sentido y la forma se complementaban mutuamente, abriendo camino al pensamiento social hacia las raíces existenciales. La palabra poética resultó ser más pesada, original e inconfundible, nacida en el alma del verdadero poeta. Y cómo no recordar aquí las palabras de Ortega y Gasset sobre este tema: «El papel del poeta estriba en que es capaz de crearse ese idioma íntimo, ese prodigioso argot hecho solo de nombres auténticos. Y resulta que al leerlo notamos que en gran parte la intimidad del poeta, transmitida en sus poesías –sean versos o prosa– es idéntica a la nuestra. Por eso le entendemos: porque él, por fin, da una lengua a nuestra intimidad y logramos entendernos a nosotros mismos. De aquí, el estupendo hecho de que el placer suscitado en nosotros por la poesía y la admiración que el poeta nos suscita proviene, paradójicamente, de parecernos que nos plagia. Todo lo que él nos dice lo habíamos “sentido” ya, solo que no sabíamos decírnoslo. El poeta es truchimán del Hombre consigo mismo» (Ortega y Gasset, 1989: 62-63).
Pero, ¿para qué esta pasión de expresarse mediante poesía? ¿Qué fin persigue el deseo de explicarse mediante la música? En su brillante introducción a la Antología poética de Miguel de Unamuno, José María Valverde nota: «(…) la poesía de Unamuno, después que Bécquer templó el arpa, fue la que introdujo la voz enteriza y honda que pregunta por el destino ultimo del hombre – de su persona, de su carne y de su mundo» (Valverde, 2002 : 11). Resulta que lo que buscó don Miguel fue el entendimiento profundo de la personalidad humana dentro de su propio mundo, basándolo en lo que se forma la personalidad – los sentimientos y la emoción. Para convertirlos a un formato musical es necesario poseer cierta madurez, tanto de la edad como del pensamiento. No nos sorprende, por este motivo, la estimación del propio Unamuno sobre sus versos, que «son de otoño, no de primavera» (Unamuno, 2002: 7).
El tema social es prominente en toda la obra de Unamuno. No menos importante y complicado es el apartado que se refiere a la finalidad del hombre, a su destino en nuestro mundo, a sus posibilidades. Las posibilidades que le transforman, que le hacen actuar, lo que en Unamuno equivale a la existencia. En su brillante interpretación de El Quijote don Miguel hace incapié en la importancia del entendimiento de su propio yo con sus múltiples y diversas posibilidades en un contexto dado. Pero, ¿no es suficiente expresarlo utilizando los métodos de la narración?
Creo que Unamuno, al estar muy influenciado por Bécquer, fue atraido por el fragmentarismo – de la técnica romántica de expresarse de repente y mediante las formas cortas. Pero no solo esto sino también la vocación poética desempeñó un papel importante en su decisión de expresarse a través de la poesía. La poesía para Unamuno es un enigma en la que él entra sin cerrar la puerta, dejando espacio para los lectores que le acompañan. La forma poética no es un puro adorno; es una invitación al pensamiento, al descubrimiento de lo mismo que le inquietaba antes (al escribir en prosa) pero a través de un método de expresión diferente. Para descubrir si este intento nos puede servir de ayuda en la exploración del interior profundo de la caverna del alma humana. Así lo describe don Miguel: «Solo el poeta es gran orador. Porque las palabras no son sagradas, no son puras, no son melodiosas, mientras no hayan pasado por el ritmo; palabra que no haya sido engarzada alguna vez con otras, en poesía, no es palabra de ley, de unción. Y es que así como el bieldo aventando la parva hace que el aire del cielo depure el grano, llevándose el tamo, y cae el dorado trigo que ha de hacerse pan, así el verso, aventando el lenguaje, hace que se vaya el tamo de la palabra, que no resiste al ritmo, y quede el trigo dorado de ella» (Unamuno, 1981: 87-88).
La vitalidad de los asuntos a los que se dedica la poesía de Unamuno es evidente. Es el conjunto del pensamiento elaborado en la búsqueda de yo, de verdad y de los valores básicos humanos. Heredero fiel de las ideas de Platón y Kierkegaard entre otros muchos, don Miguel abre ante nosotros la puerta del mundo que existe al borde de la realidad y la ficción. Resulta difícil abandonar y no seguir su camino, pero aun resulta más difícil atreverse a seguir su huellas y no perderse en el bosque de las ideas controversiales.
Lo que hace la tarea del lector casi imposible es el intento de entender el mundo unamuniano en las traducciones. Cada vez que leo sus poemas en castellano me ahoga el deseo de compartir mis sentimientos e interpretaciones a mis compañeros que se encuentran tan lejos del mundo lingüístico de Unamuno. De aquí nace un deseo de traducir lo intraducible, de comunicar lo incomunicable, de explicar lo inexplicable. Es esto el único motivo de intentar hacer la traducción de la palabra poética de don Miguel.
Un poco sobre los poemas elegidos. Presento aquí cuatro poemas (Unamuno, 2002) y sus traducciones en la lengua georgiana. Ellos se tratan de los dos asuntos más prominentes en toda la obra de Unamuno: la de inmortalidad y de la búsqueda del propio yo del pensador vasco.
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IGARTUA SALAVERRIA, JUAN. "OTRA VEZ SOBRE NOMBRAMIENTOS DE ALTOS CARGOS JUDICIALES: LA SALA 3ª DEL TS RETOMA EL RUMBO." RVAP 80, no. 80 (April 1, 2008): 211–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.80.2008.07.
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He aquí un nuevo episodio jurisdiccional que ilustra las oscilaciones de la Sala Tercera (esta última venturosa, no así la que la precedía -según comentario publicado en este misma Revista-) en la interpretación y aplicación de su propia doctrina, en torno a la motivación de los nombramientos judiciales discrecionales, formulada en Sentencia de 29 de mayo de 2006. Hona hemen, beste behin, nola aldatzen duen Hirugarren Aretoak, epaileen izendapen diskrezionalak arrazoitzeko orduan, bere doktrina interpretatzeko eta aplikatzeko modua; oraingo honetan 2006ko maiatzaren 26ko epaian egin du hori, eta garai onean gainera, aurrekoan ez bezala (aldizkari honetan bertan argitaratutako iruzkinaren arabera behintzat). Here again a new judicial chapter that exemplifies the swings by the Supreme Court¿ Third Section (this time fortunate, and not like the previous one ¿as it was written in this Review¿) on the interpretation and application of its own caselaw relating to motivation of dicretional judicial appointments, as formulated in judgment of May 29th 2006.
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Boivin, Myriam, Laurent Marivaux, Walter Aguirre-Diaz, Aldo Benites-Palomino, Guillaume Billet, François Pujos, Rodolfo Salas-Gismondi, et al. "Late middle Miocene caviomorph rodents from Tarapoto, Peruvian Amazonia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 3, 2021): e0258455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258455.
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Miocene deposits of South America have yielded several species-rich assemblages of caviomorph rodents. They are mostly situated at high and mid- latitudes of the continent, except for the exceptional Honda Group of La Venta, Colombia, the faunal composition of which allowed to describe the late middle Miocene Laventan South American Land Mammal Age (SALMA). In this paper, we describe a new caviomorph assemblage from TAR-31 locality, recently discovered near Tarapoto in Peruvian Amazonia (San Martín Department). Based on mammalian biostratigraphy, this single-phased locality is unambiguously considered to fall within the Laventan SALMA. TAR-31 yielded rodent species found in La Venta, such as the octodontoid Ricardomys longidens Walton, 1990 (nom. nud.), the chinchilloids Microscleromys paradoxalis Walton, 1990 (nom. nud.) and M. cribriphilus Walton, 1990 (nom. nud.), or closely-related taxa. Given these strong taxonomic affinities, we further seize the opportunity to review the rodent dental material from La Venta described in the Ph.D. volume of Walton in 1990 but referred to as nomina nuda. Here we validate the recognition of these former taxa and provide their formal description. TAR-31 documents nine distinct rodent species documenting the four extant superfamilies of Caviomorpha, including a new erethizontoid: Nuyuyomys chinqaska gen. et sp. nov. These fossils document the most diverse caviomorph fauna for the middle Miocene interval of Peruvian Amazonia to date. This rodent discovery from Peru extends the geographical ranges of Ricardomys longidens, Microscleromys paradoxalis, and M. cribriphilus, 1,100 km to the south. Only one postcranial element of rodent was unearthed in TAR-31 (astragalus). This tiny tarsal bone most likely documents one of the two species of Microscleromys and its morphology indicates terrestrial generalist adaptations for this minute chinchilloid.
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Honda, Masao, Rene Rijnbrand, Geoff Abell, Desok Kim, and Stanley M. Lemon. "Natural Variation in Translational Activities of the 5′ Nontranslated RNAs of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes 1a and 1b: Evidence for a Long-Range RNA-RNA Interaction outside of the Internal Ribosomal Entry Site." Journal of Virology 73, no. 6 (June 1, 1999): 4941–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.73.6.4941-4951.1999.
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ABSTRACT The 5′ nontranslated RNA (5′NTR) of a genotype 1b hepatitis C virus (HCV-N) directs cap-independent translation of the HCV-N polyprotein with about twofold less efficiency than the 5′NTR of a genotype 1a virus under physiologic conditions (Hutchinson strain, or HCV-H) (M. Honda et al., Virology 222:31–42, 1996). Here, we show by mutational analysis that substitution of the AG dinucleotide sequence at nucleotides (nt) 34 and 35 of HCV-N with GA (present in HCV-H) restores the translational activity to that of the HCV-H 5′NTR both in vitro and in vivo. These nucleotides are located upstream of the minimal essential internal ribosome entry site (IRES), as a 6-nt deletion spanning nt 32 to 37 also increased the translational activity of the HCV-N 5′NTR to that of HCV-H. Thus, the upstream AG dinucleotide sequence has an inhibitory effect on IRES-directed translation. Surprisingly, however, this inhibitory effect was observed only when the translated, downstream RNA sequence contained nt 408 to 929 of HCV (capsid-coding RNA). Further analysis of RNA transcripts containing frameshift mutations demonstrated that the nucleotide sequence of the transcript, and not the amino acid sequence of the expressed capsid protein, determines this difference in translation efficiency. The difference between the translational activities of the HCV-N and HCV-H transcripts was increased when translation was carried out in reticulocyte lysates containing high K+ concentrations, with a sevenfold difference evident at 130 to 150 mM K+. These results suggest that there is an RNA-RNA interaction involving 5′NTR and capsid-coding sequences flanking the IRES and that this is responsible for the reduced IRES activity of the genotype 1b virus, HCV-N.
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Zhou, Xuemei, and Patrik Schmuki. "Noble-Metal-Free Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Activity:Defect Engineering in TiO2 Nanotubes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2018-01, no. 31 (April 13, 2018): 1899. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2018-01/31/1899.
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The use of TiO2 photoelectrodes (or TiO2 suspensions) to produce hydrogen from various electrolytes (with or without sacrificial agents) has been highly investigated over the past decades and still remains a most investigated topic.1 The advantage of anodic TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) is not only that they provide a one dimensional charge-transfer path, but also they are back-contacted on metal substrate that can be used as electrodes directly.2 Pathways to create noble-metal-free H2 evolution activity on TiO2 NTs are not only of considerable scientific but also of high economic interest.3-4 Here we introduce an efficient way to introduce a sub-surface configuration of a broad range of lattice defects (namely vacancy/interstitial pairs) using high energy ion implantation.5 In this study, we report defect containing TiO2 NTs that strongly acts as photo co-catalysts. This catalyst is obtained by low-dose nitrogen ion-implantation that can be tuned to obtain a highly defined ion and defect distribution within the TiO2 NT substrate. A particular advantage of creating these defect centers by N-implantation is that the active centers can be placed as a coherent layer at a defined sub-surface location and allow surface patterning.6 The catalysts presented here show considerable photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution under solar light illumination in the absence of noble metal or external bias. These results provide a new platform for TiO2 based photo co-catalysts. References Fujishima and K. Honda, Nature, 1972, 238, 37-38. X. Zhou, N. T. Nguyen, S. Özkan, P. Schmuki, Electrochem. Comm., 2014(46,) 157–162. Zhou, N. Liu and P. Schmuki, Electrochem. Commun., 2014 (49), 60–64. N Liu, V. Häublein, X. Zhou, U. Venkatesan, M. Hartmann, M. Mačković, T. Nakajima, E. Spiecker, A. Osvet, L. Frey, and P. Schmuki, Nano Lett., 2015, 15 (10), 6815–6820. Zhou, V. Häublein, N. Liu, N. T. Nguyen, E. M. Zolnhofer, H. Tsuchiya, M. S. Killian, K. Meyer, L. Frey, P. Schmuki, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2016, 55, 3763-3767. X. Zhou, N. Liu, P. Schmuki, ACS Cat., 2017, 7, 3210–3235.
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Tokisawa, Hiromi, Tomoyuki Aruga, Yayoi Honda, Toshiyuki Ishiba, Rika Yonekura, Naoko Iwamoto, and Yuichi Kumaki. "Abstract P4-07-25: Distant metastasis of breast cancer is triggered by changes in the dynamics of metastatic cells after removal of the primary lesion." Cancer Research 82, no. 4_Supplement (February 15, 2022): P4–07–25—P4–07–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs21-p4-07-25.
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Abstract PURPOSE Breast cancer subtype influences the dynamics of distant recurrence. We investigated the timing of distant recurrence (distant disease-free interval DDFI) for each subtype and its relationship to stage, and perioperative treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed data from 4,658 patients with stage I-III invasive breast cancer operated at Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital from 1998 to 2018. Patients were classified into five biological subtypes according to estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2), and nuclear grade using immunohistochemistry findings: luminal A, luminal B/HER2-, luminal B/HER2+, HER2-enriched, Triple negative (TN). We investigated distant disease-free interval (DDFI) and analyzed the dynamics of distant metastasis. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the recurrence patterns. RESULTS The median observation period was 6.3 years. Of the 4,051 patients for whom subtyping was possible, 422 developed distant recurrence. 5-year distant recurrence-free rates were 97.3% for luminal A, 86.8% for luminal B/HER2-, 89.1% for luminal B/HER2+, 84.6% for HER2-enriched, and 81 .7% for TN. In all subtypes, the recurrence rate increased with stage progression. The recurrence dynamics in luminal A showed a gradual peak at 3 years after starting treatment, after 5 years with more recurrences occurring than in other subtypes, especially late recurrences after 10 years. The median DDFI was 5.5 years (IQR 3.2-8.6 years). luminal B/HER2- and luminal B/HER2+ patients had similar recurrence dynamics, with peak recurrences at 2.4 and 2.3 years after starting treatment, respectively, followed by fewer recurrences over time, but recurrences were still observed after 5 years. Median DDFI was 3.1 years (IQR 1.9-5.9) and 2.9 years (IQR 1.9-5.9), respectively. HER2-enriched and TN showed similar recurrence dynamics, with a high peak of recurrence at 1.5 and 1.4 years, respectively, followed by a rapid decrease in recurrence and a rare recurrence after 5 years. The median DDFI was 1.8 years (IQR 1.1-2.5) and 1.6 years (IQR 1.1-2.9), respectively. When these recurrence dynamics were evaluated by stage for each subtype, the peak DDFI values for stage1, stage2, and stage3 were 3.4, 3.4, and 3.3 years for luminal A, 2.8, 2.7, and 2.1 years for luminal B/HER2-, 1.7, 2.2, and 2.6 years for luminal B/HER2+, 1.2,1.8, and 1.4 years for HER2-enriched, and 1.3,1.5, and 1.2 years for TN. There was no difference by stage for all subtypes (p=0.58, 0.25, 0.20, 0.74, and 0.26, respectively). Furthermore, the recurrence dynamics did not differ by the presence or absence of perioperative chemotherapy for each subtype (p=0.48, 0.31, 0.12, 0.34, and 0.09, respectively). Conclusion In all subtypes, distant metastasis incidence peaks between 1.5 and 3 years after surgery and then declines. The post-peak decline pattern showed characteristic dynamics for each subtype, but each peak in same subgroup was not associated with clinical stage or perioperative chemotherapy. Some kinds of the distant metastatic machinery may be caused by changes in the growth dynamics and microenvironment of distant cancer cells associated with primary tumor resection. Citation Format: Hiromi Tokisawa, Tomoyuki Aruga, Yayoi Honda, Toshiyuki Ishiba, Rika Yonekura, Naoko Iwamoto, Yuichi Kumaki. Distant metastasis of breast cancer is triggered by changes in the dynamics of metastatic cells after removal of the primary lesion [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-07-25.
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Herrera-Sobek, María. "Gloria Anzaldúa: Place, Race, Language, and Sexuality in the Magic Valley." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 121, no. 1 (January 2006): 266–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/003081206x129800.
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The Rio Grande Valley, also known as the Magic Valley, is situated in the southeastern tip of Texas, circumscribed on the east by the Gulf of Mexico and on the south by the Rio Grande and the Mexican borderlands. Here, among the tall, green, swaying palm trees, the short, squatty mesquite trees, and the endless rows of verdant agricultural fields, Gloria Anzaldúa grew up in the 1940s and 1950s. The Magic Valley has produced a series of distinguished scholars, poets, and novelists, including Rolando Hinojosa-Smith, the Saldivar clan (Sonia Saldivar-Hull, Ramon Saldivar, and José Saldivar), Américo Paredes, and of course Anzaldúa. Although I do not claim the same stature as the above luminaries, I too grew up in the Rio Grande Valley in the 1940s and 1950s, in a tiny town called Rio Hondo, population 701, which is but a few miles from Hargill, Texas, where Anzaldúa was born (1942) and raised. It is from this personal perspective, of one who grew up in the rich farmlands of the Magic Valley and experienced the economic and sociohistorical context of the era, that I propose to discuss Anzaldúa's Borderlands / La Frontera: The New Mestiza (1987). Specifically, I focus on the sense of place, race, language, and sexuality that characterized the area and Anzaldúa's brilliant insights in the narrative she wove and reconfigured in the pages of Borderlands.
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Miyazawa, Kohtaro, Takashi Kanaya, Ikuro Takakura, Sachi Tanaka, Tetsuya Hondo, Hitoshi Watanabe, Michael T. Rose, et al. "Transcytosis of Murine-Adapted Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Agents in an In Vitro Bovine M Cell Model." Journal of Virology 84, no. 23 (September 22, 2010): 12285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00969-10.
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ABSTRACT Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE), including bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), are fatal neurodegenerative disorders in humans and animals. BSE appears to have spread to cattle through the consumption of feed contaminated with BSE/scrapie agents. In the case of an oral infection, the agents have to cross the gut-epithelial barrier. We recently established a bovine intestinal epithelial cell line (BIE cells) that can differentiate into the M cell type in vitro after lymphocytic stimulation (K. Miyazawa, T. Hondo, T. Kanaya, S. Tanaka, I. Takakura, W. Itani, M. T. Rose, H. Kitazawa, T. Yamaguchi, and H. Aso, Histochem. Cell Biol. 133:125-134, 2010). In this study, we evaluated the role of M cells in the intestinal invasion of the murine-adapted BSE (mBSE) agent using our in vitro bovine intestinal epithelial model. We demonstrate here that M cell-differentiated BIE cells are able to transport the mBSE agent without inactivation at least 30-fold more efficiently than undifferentiated BIE cells in our in vitro model. As M cells in the follicle-associated epithelium are known to have a high ability to transport a variety of macromolecules, viruses, and bacteria from gut lumen to mucosal immune cells, our results indicate the possibility that bovine M cells are able to deliver agents of TSE, not just the mBSE agent.
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Serjeant, R. B. "Herb drugs and herbalists in Syria and North Yemen. By Gisho Honda, Wataru Miki and Mitsuko Satto. (Studia Culturae Islamicae, 39.) pp. v, 158, 42 pl. Tokyo, Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, 1990." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 2, no. 3 (November 1992): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186300003229.
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Rijnbrand, René, Geoffrey Abell, and Stanley M. Lemon. "Mutational Analysis of the GB Virus B Internal Ribosome Entry Site." Journal of Virology 74, no. 2 (January 15, 2000): 773–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.74.2.773-783.2000.
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ABSTRACT GB virus B (GBV-B) is a recently discovered hepatotropic flavivirus that is distantly related to hepatitis C virus (HCV). We show here that translation of its polyprotein is initiated by internal entry of ribosomes on GBV-B RNA. We analyzed the translational activity of dicistronic RNA transcripts containing wild-type or mutated 5′ nontranslated GBV-B RNA (5′NTR) segments, placed between the coding sequences of two reporter proteins, in vitro in rabbit reticulocyte lysate and in vivo in transfected BT7-H cells. We related these results to a previously proposed model of the secondary structure of the GBV-B 5′NTR (M. Honda, et al. RNA 2:955–968, 1996). We identified an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) bounded at its 5′ end by structural domain II, a location analogous to the 5′ limit of the IRES in both the HCV and pestivirus 5′NTRs. Mutational analysis confirmed the structure proposed for domain II of GBV-B RNA, and demonstrated that optimal IRES-mediated translation is dependent on each of the putative RNA hairpins in this domain, including two stem-loops not present in the HCV or pestivirus structures. IRES activity was also absolutely dependent on (i) phylogenetically conserved, adenosine-containing bulge loops in domain III and (ii) the primary nucleotide sequence of stem-loop IIIe. IRES-directed translation was inhibited by a series of point mutations predicted to stabilize stem-loop IV, which contains the initiator AUG codon in its loop segment. A reporter gene was translated most efficiently when fused directly to the initiator AUG codon, with no intervening downstream GBV-B sequence. This finding indicates that the 3′ limit of the GBV-B IRES is at the initiator AUG and that it does not require downstream polyprotein-coding sequence as suggested for the HCV IRES. These results show that the GBV-B IRES, while sharing a common general structure, differs both structurally and functionally from other flavivirus IRES elements.
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Mendes, Gicélia, and Luiz Carlos Sousa Silva. "A VIDA ACADÊMICA DA PROFESSORA VERA LÚCIA ALVES FRANÇA E OUTRAS HISTÓRIAS (THE ACADEMIC LIFE OF PROFESSOR VERA LÚCIA ALVES FRANÇA AND OTHER STORIES)." Revista GeoNordeste, no. 1 (July 5, 2019): 307–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33360/rgn.2318-2695.2019.i1p307-326.
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RESUMO:Apresentamos aqui parte da trajetória acadêmica da Profa. Dra. Vera Lúcia Alves França na Universidade Federal de Sergipe. São muitas as histórias a serem contadas, mas, aqui, selecionamos aquelas que, do olhar dos autores, podem contribuir para que os leitores conheçam um tanto mais sobre Profa. Vera França. A opção por trazer as atividades acadêmicas mescladas com questões do cotidiano pautou-se no desejo de demonstrar o quanto a vida acadêmica de Profa. Vera confundiu-se com o seu dia a dia, com o seu ser no mundo. Trouxemos as lembranças da memória e do coração. Lembranças dos textos escritos, falados e sentidos, presentes na fala de algumas das pessoas que tiveram a honra de interagirem com ela, dentro e fora do ambiente acadêmico. Aqui também constam algumas informações colhidas quando da entrevista com a Profa. Vera França em novembro de 2018, bem como outras que foram colhidas em seu currículo lattes. A opção pela narrativa informal livre tem o propósito de oferecer espaço para que as emoções tenham livre campo de expressão. A Profa. Vera França é figura exemplar não só no meio acadêmico-científico de Sergipe como também referência na vida de seus alunos e alunas, amigos e familiares.Palavras-chave: Vera Lúcia Alves França; Geografia de Sergipe; Professora Inspiradora. ABSTRACT:We present here part of the academic journey of Professor Vera Lúcia Alves França, Ph.D at the Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil. There are many stories to be told, but here we select those that, from the authors' perspective, can help readers know more about her. The option to bring the academic activities mingled with daily issues was based on the desire to demonstrate how much her academic life was confused with her day to day life, with her being in the world. We have brought remembrances from our memories and hearts. Memories of written, spoken and felt texts, present in the speech of some the people who had the honor to interact with her, inside and outside the academic environment. Here is also some information collected during tan interview with Professor França in November 2018, as well as others that were gathered in her Curriculum Lattes (Brazilian data basis for academic curricula). The option for performing a free and informal narrative is intended to provide space for free expression of emotions. Prof. França is an exemplary figure not only in the academic-scientific milieu of the state of Sergipe, Brazil, but also a reference in the lives of her students, friends and family.Keywords: Vera Lúcia Alves França; Geography of Sergipe; Inspirational Professor.
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Perry, Eugene C., Rosa M. Leal-Bautista, Guadalupe Velázquez-Olimán, Joan A. Sánchez-Sánchez, and Nikklas Wagner. "Aspects of the Hydrogeology of southern Campeche and Quintana Roo, Mexico." Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana 73, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): A011020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18268/bsgm2021v73n1a011020.
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This paper explores strong indirect evidence for existence of a previously unrecognized deep groundwater aquifer in southern Quintana Roo, adjacent parts of Campeche, and (probably) northern Belize. The region contains rocks of Cretaceous-to-Holocene age, including: 1) an up-thrust block of the late Cretaceous carbonate known in Belize as the Barton Creek Formation, which is the oldest formation exposed in the Mexican Yucatán Peninsula, 2) the Cretaceous/Paleogene Albion Formation consisting of weakly consolidated Chicxulub impact air-fall deposits, 3) the Paleocene-Eocene Icaiche Formation, containing a massive 25-35 m thick gypsum member that crops out over an estimated area of more than 10,000 km2 in the elevated interior region of the northern lowlands, and 4) younger rocks of relatively low permeability that flank the region on the east. Hydrogeology is dominated by groundwater and surface flow in and adjacent to the Rio Hondo Fault Zone (RHFZ) and by recharge in the elevated interior region. Groundwater in the elevated region has a high sulfate concentration and is approximately saturated with gypsum dissolved from the Icaiche Formation. High-sulfate groundwater and river water with a slightly lower gypsum saturation index than in the elevated region also occurs in the RHFZ, but no water of comparably high sulfate content is present elsewhere in the study area. This suggests that the elevated region is a recharge zone for high-sulfate groundwater carried eastward beneath a 50 km gap by a deep, previously unrecognized aquifer and then discharged into the RHFZ. Based on chemistry of chloride, sulfate and other ions it is proposed here that a deep aquifer comprising the strongly weathered upper surface of the Barton Creek Formation plus the overlying weakly consolidated Albion Formation connects the elevated recharge area with the RHFZ discharge area. If this composite permeable zone does extend westward beneath the elevated recharge zone, it is probably an excellent aquifer.
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Bidar, Aminullah, Mhabobullah Rohani, Dost Mohammad Balkhi, and Gulaqa Anwari. "A Study of Pre-Islamic Religions in Afghanistan." International Journal of Social Science Research and Review 6, no. 7 (August 8, 2023): 517–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.47814/ijssrr.v6i7.1321.
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The magical and vast nature of Afghanistan has been one of the most essential factors in the implementation of strategic plans of great powers throughout history in this part of the world including its strong economy in the Middle Ages and the tall mountain ranges, plains, and flats, desert areas, rivers and the special geopolitical situation showed the magnificence of the country to the explorers. Therefore, yesterday's Khorasan and today's Afghanistan hosted them at certain times, and the powers came and went, or they were dissolved among the native people with their cultural and ideological mixing. The arrival of pre-Islamic religions is one of the consequences of those movements, whose remains include golden cups from the treasure of Flaul Hill, Greek works of Ai Khanum, vases with Roman sheaves, small Indian plates found in Bagram, and luxurious jewelry. Tala Tepe and thousands of other remains talk about the artistic, cultural, and religious mixing of this ancient region. Receiving works from many places such as Hoda, Bamiyan, Bakhtar, Gandhara region, etc. in Afghanistan is a clear expression of the existence of Greek-Bactrian civilization and the spread of Greek culture and ideas with our religious mixtures, before the spread of the holy religion of Islam, as Gandhara was the main route of trade caravans and the passage of Buddhist missionaries to the eastern lands of the country, it was considered the first place to build Buddhist statues. In Bamiyan, Salsal is 55 meters high and Shamameh is 35 meters high, and it stamps the seal of Buddhism on the forehead of the time. The art of high-quality paintings indicates the existence of another religion called the religion of Mani, which was inspired by the Indo-Greek style in the spirit of the industry of the Sassanid period. Shivaism and Brahmanism in Kabul and the coronation of Rayan Kabuli in the region of Shiyuki (Shiva's place) and Andaki (Andra's place) in the southwest of current Kabul, and Shiyuki idols of Shiva and Andaki idols of Indra and Brahma existed because these two are considered to be the lords of the Brahmins. Here still possible to visit those places and hold special ceremonies there, which indicates the existence of this religion in Afghanistan before Islam.
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Ideta, A., S. Tsuda, Y. Nishimiya, K. Tsuchiya, Y. Nakamura, and Y. Aoyagi. "46 HYPOTHERMIC STORAGE FOR 10 DAYS OF BOVINE EMBRYOS USING TYPE III ANTIFREEZE PROTEIN." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 26, no. 1 (2014): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv26n1ab46.
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Recently, we developed a medium that enabled bovine embryos to be held for up to 7 days at 4°C (Tsuchiya et al. 2014 IETS meeting). To be of practical value, mammalian embryo preservation at hypothermic temperatures must be able to maintain viability for periods longer than 7 days. Antifreeze proteins (AFP) were discovered in various organisms (such as fish, insects, plants, and bacteria) living in cold regions. They show a unique ability to protect cold-sensitive cells from hypothermic damage. Here, we found that a biomolecule known as type III AFP solubilised into an optimized solvent can keep alive bovine embryos for a maximum of 10 days at hypothermic temperatures. First, human hepatoma (HepG2) and rat insulinoma (RIN-5F) cells were stored at 4°C in Euro-Collins solution (Kobayashi Seiyaku, Osaka, Japan) supplemented with or without 10 mg mL–1 of type III AFP for 24 h. The viability rate of the cells was assessed by trypan blue (Dojindo, Kumamoto, Japan) dissolved in PBS. Second, high-quality blastocysts produced in vivo were stored at 4°C in a plastic ministraw in 25 mM HEPES medium 199 plus 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS) supplemented with or without 10 mg mL–1 of type III AFP for 10 days. Following hypothermic preservation, the chilled embryos were squeezed out of the straw into PBS and washed 3 times in the same medium. Subsequently, the embryos were cultured in CR1aa medium supplemented with 5% FBS for 48 h at 38.5°C under 5% CO2 in air with high humidity. The viability and hatching rate of the embryos were assessed at the end of the culture period. Finally, 4 embryos stored for 10 days with type III AFP were reloaded into plastic straws with the washing medium and transferred into recipient heifers (1 embryo per recipient). Pregnancy was determined by real-time B-mode ultrasonography (Convex scanner HS-1500, Honda Electronics Co. Ltd., Toyohashi, Japan) on Day 60 of gestation. Data were analysed using chi-squared and Student's t-tests. In the absence of type III AFP, the cell viability values of HepG2 and RIN-5F after hypothermic storage for 24 h were only 5 and 22%, respectively. However, in the presence of type III AFP, the cell viability values were dramatically increased (HepG2: 71%; RIN-5F: 59%) than those measured without type III AFP. To examine the effect of type III AFP for hypothermic preservation of bovine embryos, we used 80 high-quality embryos produced in vivo and assigned them randomly to 2 experimental groups. The viability and hatching rates of the chilled embryos stored with type III AFP for 10 days were significantly higher (58 and 30%, respectively) than those of without type III AFP (28 and 0%, respectively). The pregnancy rate of the chilled embryos stored with type III AFP was 50%: 2 pregnancies continue until now. In conclusion, prolongation of short-term preservation period with AFP-containing fluid will realise LN2-free storage of bovine embryos for a 10-day period. This work was supported by the Program for Promotion of Basic and Applied Research for Innovations in Bio-Oriented Industry.
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Tsuchiya, K., A. Ideta, Y. Nishimiya, S. Tsuda, and Y. Aoyagi. "51 ARTIFICIAL DORMANCY OF BOVINE EMBRYOS FOR A MAXIMUM OF 7 DAYS USING A SIMPLE MEDIUM." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 26, no. 1 (2014): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv26n1ab51.
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The worldwide pregnancy rate using cryopreserved mammalian embryos has not improved over the past 2 decades, probably because the freeze-thawing processes cause significant damage. Therefore, it is now relevant to examine the feasibility of short-term non-freezing preservation, and whether this could be applied to embryos that have high vitality and are to be transferred into recipients within several days. We introduce here an artificial dormancy fluid that can extend the hypothermic storage period of bovine embryos for a maximum of 7 days. First, to examine the effect of different basal media and the optimal concentration of fetal bovine serum (FBS) for hypothermic preservation, bovine blastocysts produced in vitro were stored at 4°C in a plastic ministraw in 1 of the following 3 media: PBS, medium 199, or Leibovitz L15 with various amount of FBS (0, 5, 20, 50, or 100%) for 3 days. Second, to examine the effect of Good's buffers, bovine embryos produced in vivo (morula to blastocyst stages) were stored at 4°C in a plastic ministraw in medium 199 plus 50% FBS supplemented with various Good's buffers [HEPES, TES, piperazine-N,N′-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid) (PIPES), MOPS, and 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-propanesulfonic acid (EPPS)] for 7 days. Following hypothermic preservation, the chilled embryos were squeezed out of the straw into PBS and washed 3 times in the same medium. Subsequently, the embryos were cultured in CR1aa medium supplemented with 5% FBS for 48 h at 38.5°C under 5% CO2 in air with high humidity. The viability rate of the embryos was assessed at the end of the culture period. Finally, to observe the pregnancy rate of chilled embryos, 32 embryos produced in vivo were stored at 4°C for 7 days in medium 199 plus 50% FBS supplemented with HEPES. Following hypothermic preservation, the chilled embryos were transferred into recipient heifers (1 embryo per recipient). Pregnancy was determined by real-time B-mode ultrasonography (Convex scanner HS-1500, Honda electronics Co. Ltd, Toyohashi, Japan) on Day 60 of gestation. Data were analysed using the chi-squared test. The viability rate of the embryos after hypothermic storage for 3 days was significantly increased for medium 199 plus 50% FBS [27/30 (90%)] compared with PBS [18/30 (60%)] or Leibovitz L15 [15/30 (50%)] plus 50% FBS (P < 0.05). Chilled embryos stored for 7 days in medium 199 plus 50% FBS supplemented with HEPES had much higher survival than embryos stored in the same medium with other Good's buffers. The pregnancy rate of the chilled embryos stored for 7 days was extremely high [24/32 (75%)] and normal live calves were delivered at term. In conclusion, maintaining artificial dormancy of bovine embryos for 7 days using a simple medium appears to be feasible. This is the first documented success of storing chilled mammalian embryos in a viable state for 7 days. To be of practical value, bovine embryo preservation at hypothermic temperatures must be able to maintain viability for periods longer than 7 days. This work was supported by the Program for Promotion of Basic and Applied Research for Innovations in Bio-Oriented Industry.
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Atkinson, Jennifer M., Megan Yates, Daniel D. Brown, Jagmohan Hooda, Rohit Bhargava, Paolo Schiavini, Marianna Zipeto, Steffi Oesterreich, and ADRIAN V. LEE. "Abstract P3-08-10: Combining multiomics and histological assessment to identify patient derived xenograft models of invasive lobular carcinoma." Cancer Research 83, no. 5_Supplement (March 1, 2023): P3–08–10—P3–08–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs22-p3-08-10.
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Abstract Background Most breast cancers (~85%) are of no special histologic subtype (NST), and the most common special subtype is invasive lobular cancer (ILC). ILC accounts for 10-15% of all breast cancers, and there will be ~40,000 new cases in 2022 in the US alone. If considered an “independent” cancer type, ILC is the 6th most common cancer in women. The pathognomonic feature of ILC is loss of E-cadherin (CDH1). The resulting lack of adherens junctions causes the unique single-file growth pattern of discohesive ILC cells, which decreases the ability for detection by mammography, in turn resulting in late detection and hence larger tumors. Although ILCs show better prognostic factors than NST, patients with ILC have worse long-term outcome, which is not well understood. Additionally, ILC has historically been understudied, which is in part due to lack of appropriate research models. For example, the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) contains 54 NST cell lines but only 2 ILC cell lines, and only a limited number of patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are evident in the published literature. There is a critical need for additional in vitro and in vivo models to study ILC biology, as well as to test targeted therapies. ILC PDX and patient derived xenograft organoids (PDXO) are particularly valuable tools to enable target validation and assess drug treatment response. Methods To identify and validate new ILC PDX models, we used Champions Oncology’s Lumin Bioinformatics to screen Champions’ collection of breast cancer models (n=126) for PDX harboring CDH1 mutation and/or low E-cadherin expression. We performed histological analysis on selected PDX models including H&E staining, and immunohistochemical assessment of E-cadherin, P120, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, HER2 and Ki67. Models with 2+ HER2 staining were assessed by FISH. All staining was interpreted by a certified breast pathologist. PDX tumor tissue was further used to develop PDXO models. Results Using Champions Oncology’s Lumin tool, we identified 10 putative ILC PDX models based upon CDH1 mutation, low E-cadherin mRNA expression, or clinical annotation of ILC (Table 1). Of the 10 PDX models analyzed, two cases were clinically annotated as ILC, while the remainder were classified as ‘carcinoma’ (n=5) or as NST (n=3). Histologic analysis revealed loss of E-cadherin and cytoplasmic P120 (lobular pattern) in 8/10 models assessed, and pathologic assessment confirmed these as having a lobular histology. IHC analysis classified these PDXs as 5 TNBC and 5 ER+ tumors, with none showing amplification of HER2 by FISH. All tumors demonstrated high (35%, n=1) or very high (>55%, n=9) Ki67 proliferation marker levels. We further developed PDXOs from one PDX model as proof of concept, and the resulting organoid demonstrated classic ‘grape-like’ ILC morphology. Conclusion Our study demonstrates how existing PDX banks with in-depth multi-omic and pathology analyses can be interrogated to identify models of unique histological and molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Of the PDX models selected from Champions Oncology’s breast cancer cohort, 7 models were classified as ILC either through re-classification from NST/carcinoma to ILC or confirmation of ILC histology. In addition, 1 PDX was re-classified as mixed type. Some of these models are ER+/HER- and thus have the classic molecular features of ILC. Our collaborative omics guided approach allows for reclassification of PDX models to increase available research models for unique breast cancer subtypes such as ILC which in turn will enhance translational research in unique histological subtypes of breast cancer. Citation Format: Jennifer M. Atkinson, Megan Yates, Daniel D. Brown, Jagmohan Hooda, Rohit Bhargava, Paolo Schiavini, Marianna Zipeto, Steffi Oesterreich, ADRIAN V. LEE. Combining multiomics and histological assessment to identify patient derived xenograft models of invasive lobular carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-08-10.
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Zhivagui, Maria, Areebah Hoda, Noelia Valenzuela, Yi-yu Yeh, Jason Dai, Yudou He, Shuvro P. Nandi, Burcak Otlu, Bennett Van Houten, and Ludmil Alexandrov. "Abstract LB059: DNA damage and somatic mutations in mammalian cells after irradiation with a nail polish dryer." Cancer Research 83, no. 8_Supplement (April 14, 2023): LB059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-lb059.
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Abstract Ultraviolet A (UVA) rays are long wavelengths that can penetrate the deeper layer of the skin and are responsible for the immediate tanning effect. A multitude of natural and artificial sources of UV exposure exist, including UV-emitting lamps that are commonly used in dentistry, cosmetics, and medical laboratories. Recently, several reports suggested that long-term use of UV-nail polish dryers, used for curating nail polish formulas, known as gel, may increase the risk for developing skin cancer. However, no experimental evaluation has been conducted to reveal the effect of radiation released by UV-nail polish dryers on mammalian cells. Here, we address the continuous exposure of clients and employees to UVA light by employing both murine and human primary cell models for irradiation, in an acute and chronic manner, using a UV-dryer machine. We, then, subject the cells to DNA sequencing either by bulk whole-genome sequencing after clonal expansion or by single-molecule duplex sequencing without clonal expansion. Our findings show that UVA-exposed samples manifest an increase of C:G>A:T transversions compared to control cells. The patterns of mutations found in these cells can be recapitulated by mutational signatures previously attributed to reactive oxygen species (ROS), namely COSMIC signatures SBS18/36. These results are further corroborated by the presence of high levels of ROS in irradiated samples, consistent with 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. Importantly, we show that in contrast to UVB exposure, UVA does not induce an increase of C:G>T:A transitions, indicating that different types of ultraviolet light radiation affect DNA through distinctive molecular mechanisms. Finally, re-examination of somatic mutations from skin cancers reported by the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) reveals that SBS18/36 are ubiquitously present in melanoma and account for 12% of the previously annotated driver mutations. In summary, this study demonstrates that radiation emitted by UV-nail polish dryers can both damage DNA and permanently engrave mutations on the genomes of mammalian cells. Citation Format: Maria Zhivagui, Areebah Hoda, Noelia Valenzuela, Yi-yu Yeh, Jason Dai, Yudou He, Shuvro P. Nandi, Burcak Otlu, Bennett Van Houten, Ludmil Alexandrov. DNA damage and somatic mutations in mammalian cells after irradiation with a nail polish dryer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 2 (Clinical Trials and Late-Breaking Research); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(8_Suppl):Abstract nr LB059.
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Blume, John, Ghristine Bundalian, Jessica Chan, Connie Chao-Shern, Jinlyung Choi, Rea Cuaresma, Kevin Dai, et al. "Abstract 6597: A multi-omics classifier achieves high sensitivity and specificity for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in a case-control study of 146 subjects." Cancer Research 83, no. 7_Supplement (April 4, 2023): 6597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-6597.
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Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is currently the 3rd leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the US. Although the all-stage 5-year survival rate is ~10%, early-stage 5-year survival is markedly superior and in excess of 40%. Hence, early detection of PDAC via blood-based liquid biopsies holds promise to reduce morbidity and mortality. PrognomiQ’s multi-omics platform performs deep and unbiased molecular profiling of blood samples to detect proteins, metabolites, lipids, mRNA, miRNA, cfDNA fragmentation and copy-number, and CpG methylation. Here we report results from training and validation of a classifier on a subset of that multi-omic data with the potential to enable the development of high sensitivity and specificity tests for early detection of PDAC.We conducted a case-control study comprising 146 subjects across 16 clinical sites, including 63 pathology-confirmed, untreated PDAC cases (12 stage I, 8 stage II, 4 stage III, 36 stage IV, and 3 stage unknown) and 83 age- and gender- matched controls without any known cancer. For each subject, venous blood samples including plasma were collected. Unbiased LCMS was used to detect and quantify proteins, and targeted, multiplexed MRM-LCMS assays were used for both metabolites and lipids. After data processing, we detected 54,114 proteomic features, 898 lipids, and 373 metabolites. 445 proteomic features, 170 lipids, and 37 metabolites were found to be significantly different as determined by Bonferroni-corrected Wilcoxon tests with FWER < 0.05. For classification, the dataset was split into training (37 cases and 37 controls) and validation (26 cases and 46 controls) sets, with control for collection site and date, age, and gender. XGBoost models were constructed for each analyte class using ten repeats of 10-fold cross-validation. To improve specificity to PDAC, all proteomic features which mapped to GOBP terms associated with acute-phase response, inflammation, and immune response were excluded prior to training. The best-performing hyperparameters were used for a final model built on the full training set and then used for inference on the validation set. At 99% specificity, the proteomic classifier had sensitivities of 77%, 57%, and 88% for Stages 1-4, Stages 1-2, and Stages 3-4, respectively, estimated by bootstrap re-sampling of the validation results. Metabolomics had sensitivities of 81%, 71%, and 88%. Lipidomics had sensitivities of 65%, 71%, and 65%. A joint, multi-omic model was constructed by averaging the scaled probabilities of all models. This joint model improved performance at 99% specificity with sensitivities of 92%, 86%, and 94%, highlighting the synergy of multi-omics data, particularly phenotypically related omics such as those described here. Multi-omic classifiers such as these can serve as the foundation for blood-based liquid biopsies for the early detection of PDAC. Citation Format: John Blume, Ghristine Bundalian, Jessica Chan, Connie Chao-Shern, Jinlyung Choi, Rea Cuaresma, Kevin Dai, Sara N. Golmaei, Jun Heok Jang, Manoj Khadka, Ehdieh Khaledian, Thidar Khin, Yuya Kodama, Ajinkya Kokate, Joon-Yong Lee, Manway Liu, Hoda Malekpour, Megan Mora, Nithya Mudaliar, Preethi Prasad, Madhuvanthi Ramaiah, Saividya Ramaswamy, Peter Spiro, Kavya Swaminathan, Dijana Vitko, James Yee, Brian Young, Susan Zhang, Chinmay Belthangady, Bruce Wilcox, Brian Koh, Philip Ma. A multi-omics classifier achieves high sensitivity and specificity for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in a case-control study of 146 subjects [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 6597.
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Fujita, Shuhei, Daisuke Honma, Nobuaki Adachi, Kazushi Araki, Emi Takamatsu, Kazumasa Aoyama, Atsushi Iwama, and Issay Kitabayashi. "Novel Leukemia Stem Cell-Targeted Therapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia Based on Dual Inhibition of Ezh1/Ezh2." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.457.457.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clonal malignant disorder originating from a small number of leukemic stem cells (LSCs). AML relapse after conventional chemotherapy is caused by a remaining population of drug-resistant LSCs. Selective targeting of LSCs is a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of AML relapse. Polycomb repressive complexes 1 (PRC1) and 2 (PRC2) are important epigenetic regulators that maintain the stemeness of ES cells and hematopoietic stem cells. Enhancer of zeste homolog 1 and 2 (EZH1/2) is a catalytic component of PRC2 that trimethylates histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27) to repress the transcription of target genes. Mutations and overexpression of EZH1/2 are associated with cancers including hematopoietic malignancies. Here, we used genetic deletion of EZH1/2 or a novel dual inhibitor of EZH1/2 activity to show that loss or inhibition of EZH1/2 eradicates dormant AML stem cells. To examine the effects of genetic deletion of EZH1/2 on AML cells, Ezh1-null, Ezh2-conditional and double knock-out mice were generated. Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells prepared from single knock-out mice or double knock-out mice were transduced with various types of AML fusion-genes, such as MOZ-TIF2, MLL fusions, AML1-ETO, and others by retroviral infection, and cultured in vitro or transplanted into irradiated recipient mice to induce AML in vivo. When the cells were cultured in vitro, double deletion of Ezh1/2 induced cell differentiation and apoptosis more severely than single deletions in all subtypes of AML tested, resulting in complete loss of cells. In AML mice, deletion of Ezh1/2 induced AML cell differentiation and complete remission of AML, which was not achieved by single deletion of Ezh1 or Ezh2. Genetic deletion of both Ezh1 and Ezh2 on the LSC fraction dramatically reduced the number of LSCs (Lin-c-Kit+ CD16/32+ CD34+, L-GMP), especially quiescent LSCs, whereas deletion of either Ezh1 or Ezh2 did not have such a strong effect. The transcriptional profiles of LSCs deficient in both Ezh1 and Ezh2 were characterized by the upregulation of cell cycle-related genes such as Cyclin D1/D2, which is the main regulator of G0/G1 transition, along with differentiation-related genes. These results suggested that deletion of both Ezh1 and Ezh2 is required for eradication of LSCs. To investigate whether pharmacologic inhibition of EZH1/2 could serve as a therapeutic strategy in AML, we developed a novel EZH1/2 dual inhibitor with potent inhibitory activity against both EZH1 and EZH2. The drug induced cell differentiation and apoptosis in most subtypes of AML tested in vitro and its effects were similar to those of genetic depletion of EZH1/2. A selective EZH2 inhibitor did not affect the growth and survival of AML cells to the same extent as the dual inhibitor. Oral administration of the EZH1/2 dual inhibitor reduced the number of LSCs effectively in AML mice in a manner similar to the effect of genetic deletion of EZH1/2. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that dual inhibition of EZH1 and EZH2 is a promising therapeutic strategy to eradicate LSCs in a wide range of AMLs, which could lead to important advances in the treatment of AML. Disclosures Honma: Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd: Employment. Adachi:Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd: Employment. Araki:Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.: Employment. Kitabayashi:Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.: Research Funding.