Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Hermaphroditen'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Hermaphroditen.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Hermaphroditen.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Gilbert, Ruth. "'Probleme of sexes' : representing the Renaissance Hermaphrodite." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339838.
Full text
2
Ladjali, Cécile. "Androgynie et hermaphrodite dans le texte décadent." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040083.
Full textAbstract:
Si la littérature a lontemps préféré l'hermaphrodite ovidien à l'androgyne platonicien, la tendance paraît s'inverser à la fin du XIXe siècle. Au gré de l'analyse de ce constat, la présente thèse s'interroge sur la signification de l'émergence d'un symbole en littérature, qui vient en supplanter un autre. L'étude de l'androgyne décadent conduit à considérer celui-ci comme une notion, transposable en peinture et en musique, que la Décadence pervertira en une figure galvaudée en l'impliquant dans sa création narcissique. Quant à l'hermaphrodite, il se définit par sa matérialité qui captive le discours médical et juridique, la statuaire et le poème restant ses truchements privilégiés. Or il s'opère une transition de l'hermaphrodite romantique vers l'androgyne décadent, qui se pose comme indissociable du mal et de la modernité au fil des textes ici étudiés. Car, après avoir été l'icône de l'extrême civilisation, l'androgyne décadent tend à devenir une figure de la barbarieLiterature has long preferred Ovid's hermaphrodite to PLato's androgyne ; but this tendency seems to change at the end of the nineteenth century. Analysing such evidence, the present thesis tries to understand the meaning of the emergence of a symbol in literature, which comes to supersede another one. .
3
Irwin, Judith Ann. "Male competition and outcrossing rate in a hermaphrodite plant." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14400.
Full textAbstract:
The principal aim of the research presented in this thesis was to investigate factors affecting the "male competition" component of sexual selection in the hermaphroditic species, Senecio vulgaris. As male reproductive function consists of attracting pollinators and the success of pollen in contributing genes to the next generation, sexual selection will act on both the sporophytic and gametophytic stages of the life cycle. The potential for, and consequences of male competition were analysed at both pre- and post-pollination stages. A comparison of the relative attractiveness of the radiate and non-radiate morphs of S.vulgaris to pollinators revealed that in mixed stands, pollinators discriminated in favour of the radiate morph irrespective of the frequency of the two morphs in a population. Measurement of intramorph and intermorph maternal outcrossing rates showed the radiate morph always outcrossed at higher levels than the non-radiate morph. Both morphs exhibited levels of male outcrossing, the radiate morph exhibited higher levels of intramorph paternal outcrossing while non-radiate pollen was more successful than radiate pollen in intermorph crosses. The potential levels of intermorph and intramorph pollen competition experienced by the radiate and non-radiate pollen types suggest radiate pollen was subjected to greater levels of competition for access to ovules than non-radiate pollen. Examination of post-pollination events suggested that radiate pollen germinates faster than non-radiate pollen when applied to stigmas of either morph. However, no consistent evidence of radiate pollen tubes outcompeting non-radiate pollen tubes in the style and consequently fertilising a disproportionate share of available ovules was obtained. The problems associated with measuring pollen competitive ability are discussed. In addition to the research on male competition, a study was also conducted to examine the origin of the radiate morph of S.vulgaris. Morphometric and electrophoretic analyses provided strong evidence that a radiate variant from York possessed more 'squalidus-like' characters than are generally found in radiate S.vulgaris. It is suggested that this radiate form may represent an early stage in the origin of radiate S.vulgaris via introgression of S.squalidus into S.vulgaris.
4
Molloy, Philip P. "The effects of exploitation on hermaphroditic fishes." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426632.
Full text
5
Schrag, Stephanie J. "Factors influencing selfing and outcrossing in the hermaphrodite, Bulinus truncatus." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317904.
Full text
6
Leva, Shannon Armstrong. "Jackson Pollock's 1942 paintings depictions of hermaphroditic union /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1195578410.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A.)--University of Cincinnati, 2007.Advisor: Kimberly Paice. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Feb. 5, 2008). Includes abstract. Keywords: Jackson Pollock; Abstract Expressionism; Figurative Paintings. Includes bibliographical references.
7
LEVA, SHANNON ARMSTRONG. "JACKSON POLLOCK'S 1942 PAINTINGS: DEPICTIONS OF HERMAPHRODITIC UNION." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1195578410.
Full text
8
Rae, R. "Studies of the slug parasitic nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.590952.
Full textAbstract:
The slug parasitic nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita is a lethal parasite of several slug species and has been formulated into a biological agent for farmers and gardeners. The potential effect of P. hermaphrodita to non-target organisms such as earthworms was investigated. P. hermaphrodita did not cause mortality to the earthworms and is a host specific molluscan parasite. In further studies P. hermaphrodita was shown to utilise earthworms to increase dispersal in soil columns. The response of P. hermaphrodita to an array of slug cues was assessed. The nematode responded well to slug mucus (foot and mantle) and faeces but responded weakly to volatile cues. Further experiments exposed P. hermaphrodita to mucus from different molluscan hosts. The nematode responded best to Arion subfuscus but the reasons for this were not discovered. The slug species Deroceras reticulatum, Milax gagates and Limax pseudoflavus were exposed to P. hermaphrodita. D. reticulatum and M. gagates were highly susceptible to P. hermaphrodita and feeding was strongly inhibited. L. pseudoflavus was not suscepticble to the nematode and did not exhibit signs of feeding inhibition. Nematodes were found in the shell of L. pseudoflavus which may be a defence mechanism to encapsulate invading parasites. Bacterial communities inside P. hermaphrodita grown on different slug species were profiled using PCR and DGGE. P. hermaphrodita did not associate exclusively with one bacterium but with an array of bacterial species. Each profile was different with each batch of nematodes. Field trials were conducted to test novel application strategies aimed at reducing cost of application and decreasing the numbers of nematodes applied. Three applications of 5 nematodes per cm-2 applied at fourteen day intervals reduced slug damage on day 14, 28 and 35. Dipping of the root plug into a nematode and adhesive agent as well as spraying around plant bases also reduced slug damage.
9
Karlsson, Anna. "Reproduction in the Hermaphrodite Aeolidiella glauca - A Tale of Two Sexes." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Evolutionary Biology, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-659.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis focuses on reproduction in a simultaneous hermaphrodite with internal fertilization; the nudibranch Aeolidiella glauca. Unlike most other nudibranchs, where copulation is the rule, A. glauca was found to transfer sperm via external spermatophores that were attached to the partner's back. Despite elaborate courtship the actual spermatophore transfer, which always involved two animals only, was of short duration. In most matings (88%) spermatophores were reciprocally exchanged.
A. glauca was further found to be very promiscuous. During mating and sperm transfer the receiver exerts considerable control over sperm, and manipulative behaviours designed to increase the donor's reproductive success are thus likely to have evolved. An example of such manipulative behaviour may be A. glauca's unique spermatophore avoidance behaviour. I found that slugs carrying a sign of previous mating activity, i.e. a spermatophore, were discriminated against in a situation where mate choice was possible. The presence of spermatophores was further found to reduce slugs' ability to interrupt matings, and displace other slugs. Body size, however, had no direct effect on displacement in A. glauca as small slugs interrupted matings as successfully as large ones. Furthermore, pair formation and mating were found to be random with respect to size. This was true also for pairs formed in the field.
In addition to mate choice hermaphrodites may increase their reproductive success by differential sex allocation. I tested whether differing mate encounter rates had any effects on allocation to male and female function in A. glauca. Slugs with more mating opportunities mated more, and had higher proportional spermatophore production that others. As predicted they also laid significantly fewer eggs than slugs presented with partners less often.
10
Sears, Samantha. "The holy Hermaphrodite| Gender construction, gothic elements, and the Christ figure." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1523321.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores Julia Ward Howe's unfinished manuscript, The Hermaphrodite (2004). In order to establish a foundation, this thesis begins by approaching The Hermaphrodite through lenses that connect to Howe's life and times. The biographical, feminist, and gothic approaches analyze the effects of personal conflicts, gender concerns, and setting nuances on the manuscript. The analysis of previous treatment of hermaphrodites provides background on ambiguous protagonists. Ultimately, this thesis expands upon and diverges from preceding scholarship, and it establishes a new perspective through which to view the hermaphroditic protagonist, Laurence. This thesis argues that Howe's Laurence can be read as are-visioned Christ figure. His/her physical description is strikingly reminiscent of the accounts of Jesus's appearance. Both Jesus and Laurence are entwined with pious symbols. Laurence is intrinsically connected to the purity of the cross. Most importantly, Laurence and Jesus both gallantly endure burdens and selflessly sacrifice themselves for others while transiently inhabiting earth before returning to heaven. Laurence is an unexpected and reinvented savior.
11
Margineanu, Radu Adrian. "Intersexualidade canina." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8785.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaA intersexualidade é um distúrbio pouco frequente nos humanos, sendo hoje mais referido nos animais domésticos e silvestres. A intersexualidade é uma perturbação causada por anormalidades durante a determinação ou diferenciação sexual, resultando em defeitos do aparelho reprodutor. A intersexualidade pode ser classificada em 3 categorias: os distúrbios cromossómicos, os distúrbios de desenvolvimento gonadal e os distúrbios no desenvolvimento fenotípico. Nos estudos recentes sobre intersexualidade, propunha-se a utilização de uma nova nomenclatura, DSD (Disorder of sex development), que engloba todos os casos em que o sexo cromossômico, desenvolvimento gonadal, ou de sexo anatómico é atípico. O presente estudo inclui uma amostra de 5 casos, e tem o objectivo de caracterizar a amostra, analisar os resultados dos exames complementares realizados (o exame anatomo-histopatológico dos órgãos e a analise citogenética) e tentar classificar o tipo de intersexualidade encontrado. Os resultados obtidos indicam que dos 5 casos, 3 eram hermafroditas verdadeiros e 2 casos eram pseudo hermafroditas masculinos.
ABSTRACT - Intersexuality is a relatively rare in humans, and it has being reported more frequently in animals domestic and wild. The intersexuality is caused by any anomaly that appears during sexual determination or differentiation, resulting in alterations of the reproductive system. The intersexuality can be classified in three main categories: sex chromosome disorders, disorders of gonadal sex development and disorders of phenotypic sex development. In recent studies of intersexuality, there was used a new nomenclature DSD (Disorder of sex development), which includes all cases in which the chromosomal sex, gonadal development, or anatomical sex is atypical. This study includes a sample of 5 cases, and aims to characterize and analyze the cases and the results of the complementary exams (the anatomohistopathological exam and cytogenetic analysis) and try to classify the type of intersexuality encountered. The results are the following: 3 cases were true hermaphrodites and 2 cases were male pseudo hermaphrodites.
12
Michaut, Cécile. "Gémeaux, androgynes, hermaphrodites, Narcisse : unité et dualité du corps politique, 1562-1676." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CLF20008.
Full textAbstract:
Aux XVIe et XVIIe siècle, les "monstres doubles" (c'est-à-dire les créatures ayant deux sexes, deux corps, ou deux têtes : les androgynes, les hermaphrodites, les gémeaux joints) se distinguent par leur fréquence et les interrogations angoissées qu'ils suscitent. Le monstre double est à la fois un signe annonciateur de schismes et de guerres civiles, un malade, un déviant. Mais il est parfois un signe annonçant une réconciliation, un symbole de concorde, de paix et d'amour. Le but de cette recherche est de réfléchir à la signification de ces monstres doubles. Notre hypothèse est qu'ils tiennent un discours sur l'autre (au sein d'un corps ou de la cité) qui est de nature politique. Mais ce discours, entre les premiers troubles religieux (1562) et la publication de La Terre australe connue de Foigny (1676) évolue. Une première partie de cette recherche est consacrée à la définition d'une famille mythogène, comprenant Hermaphrodite, l'Androgyne, Janus, les Gémeaux et Narcisse. Elle montre comment, dès l'Antiquité, ces figures ont questionné le rapport à l'autre. Une deuxième partie montre comment, au XVIe et au XVIIe siècle, ces figures sont devenues les emblèmes politiques ambivalents de la guerre et de la paix, de l'ordre et du désordre. Une troisième partie explique comment les romanciers et les dramaturges se sont emparés de ces symboles pour en donner une interprétation politique nouvelle. Enfin, une dernière partie est consacrée à l'hermaphrodite. Elle explique comment et pourquoi ce monstre équivoque et pourchassé devient, au XVIIe siècle, le porte-parole d'un nouvel Etat, qui ne tolère plus l'altérité, mais en a besoinThe double monsters (creatures with two sexes, two bodies or two heads, such as androgynes, hermaphrodites, joint Gemini) were, in the 16th and 17th centuries, notable figures because there were many them and because they raised distressing issues. The double monster is, on the one hand, a sign announcing schims and civils wars, a sick or deviant figure ; but it is also sometimes announcing reconciliation and is a symbol of concord, peace and love. This study aims at reflecting on the meaning of these double monters. Our hypothesis is that they hold a discourse of a political nature on the Other (among a corpsb or a city). But that discourse, from the first religious conflicts (1562) to the publication of The Southern Land Known by Foigny (1676), evolved. The first part of this study is devoted to the definition of the single family of myths, including Hermaphrodite, the Androgyne, Janus, the Gemini and Narcissus. It shows how, from Antiquity onwards, those figures have been questioning the relation to the other. The second part reveals how those figures have become, in the 16th and 17th centuries, the ambivalent political emblens of war as well as peace, of order as well as disorder. The third part explains how novelists and poets have concentrates on the hermaphrodite. It analyses how and why that equivocal and hunted monster became, in the 17th century, the mouthpiece of a new State that does no longer tolerate otherness, and yet needs it
13
CAPOBIANCO, Lillo. "Hermaphrodito di Alberto Savinio tra modernità e tradizione del mito." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/91027.
Full text
14
Jelk, Caroline. "Skillnader i inomartsvariation i morfologiska karaktärer av Empetrum hermaphroditum mellan habitat." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för miljö- och livsvetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-54934.
Full textAbstract:
Data i denna studie är baserad på en tidigare studie som undersökt om snödjup påverkar medelvärdet för tillväxt och reproduktion hos Empetrum hermaphroditum över en latitud- och klimatgradient (Bienau et al. 2014). Jag testade effekterna för region och snödjup på intraspecifik variation av tillväxtrelaterade variabler istället, för att klargöra om arten har möjlighet att klara av förändringar i snödjup och ökad växtsäsong i framtiden. Tidigare forskning menar att inomartsvariation beror på resurser i habitatet och väcker frågeställningen om det är större variation hos Empetrum i gynnsamma habitat som björkskog och habitat med tjockt snötäcke än i ogynnsamma habitat som de med tunt snötäcke. Vid analys av tidigare samlad data fanns signifikanta skillnader i variation mellan habitat i några morfologiska karaktärer. Däremot är det inte alla dessa karaktärer som följer det förväntade mönstret om att de gynnsamma habitaten skulle ha större variation. Sammantaget visade analysen signifikant skillnad rörande huvudskotten och sidoskottens längd, levande blad på huvudskotten och torrvikten på stammen. Dessa resultat medför att hypotesen stämmer för några tillväxtrelaterade variabler.This study is based on data of a previous study investigating whether snow depth affects average growth and reproduction of Empetrum hermaphroditum over a latitudinal and climatic gradient (Bienau et al. 2014). I tested the effects region and snow depth on intraspecific variation of growth-related variables instead, to clarify whether the species has the potential to cope with changes in snow depth and increased growing season in the future. Earlier research results led to the hypothesis that intraspecific variation depends on resources in the habitat and raises the question of whether there is higher variation in Empetrum in favorable habitats such as birch forests and habitats with deep snow cover than in adverse habitats such as those with a shallow snow cover. My analyses suggest that there were significant differences in variability between habitats in some morphological characters. However, not all of these characters follow the expected pattern that the favorable habitats would have a greater variety. Overall, significant differences were found in variation in the length of the main and the lateral shoots, leaf vitality on the main shoots and the dry weight of the stem. These results imply that the above hypothesis is correct for some growth-related variables.
15
Duong, Sophie. "Les "hermaphrodites", des phénomènes au carrefour des savoirs et des conceptions scientifiques et philosophiques : une étude sur l'"objectivation" scientifique et médicale des hermaphrodites de la Renaissance au début du XVIIe siècle." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070025.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail a pour objectif de proposer une histoire conceptuelle de l’hermaphrodisme pendant le 16e et le début du 17e siècles à travers l'étude des concepts scientifiques et philosophiques liés à l'existence des hermaphrodites humains en relation avec l'évolution conceptuelle de l'idée/la notion de « monstres », de la génération, de la différenciation des sexes et de l'organisation des organes sexuels. D'une part, cette étude propose de montrer que, au cours de la Renaissance en Europe (Allemagne, Italie, Espagne, France), l'héritage antique et médiéval des savoirs et des conceptions liés aux hermaphrodites et aux monstres a été l'objet des interrogations et des recherches des savants et a été renouvelé et à travers la redécouverte de l'anatomie notamment pour les hermaphrodites. D'autre part, son objectif est de démontrer qu'une impulsion, elle-même renouvelée, a cherché à rétablir les hermaphrodites et les monstres dans le seul domaine de sciences naturelles, les excluant du domaine de la divination, à partir de la deuxième moitié du 16e siècle, voire à ne regarder les hermaphrodites que comme des êtres humains présentant une anomalie certes, mais une anomalie mineure qui pose néanmoins la question de l'appartenance à l'un ou l'autre genre. Loin de proposer une histoire conceptuelle linéaire et considérant les possibles influences de ces concepts sur les conditions et le statut social des hermaphrodites, cette étude met en exergue deux « traditions » dans l'interprétation et la présentation des hermaphrodites, coexistant durant le 16e siècle et soulevant des questions encore débattues aux siècles suivants, comme l'existence de l'hermaphrodite « parfait »This work aims to propose a conceptual history of hermaphrodism during the 16th and the early 17th centuries, through the study of the scientific and philosophical concepts linked to the existence of human hermaphrodites, in the conceptual evolution of the idea/the notion of « monsters », of generation, of differentiation of sexes and of the organization of genitalia. On the one hand, this study intends to show that during the Renaissance in Europe (Germany, Italy, Spain, France), the ancient and medieval heritage of scholarships and conceptions linked to hermaphrodites and monsters was the subject of scholars' questions and research and was renewed and enriched through the re-discovery of anatomy, in particular for hermaphrodites. On the other hand, its purpose is to demonstrate that an impulse, itself renewed, tried to restore hermaphrodites and monsters only In the domain of natural sciences, excluding them from the domain of divination from the second-naïf of the 16th century onwards, or even attempted to consider hermaphrodites only as human beings certainly presenting an anomaly, but a minor anomaly which nevertheless calls into question one's belonging to one or the other gender. Far from proposing a linear conceptual history, but considering the possible influences of these concepts on the conditions and social status of hermaphrodites, this study highlights two « traditions >; in the interpretation and presentation of hermaphrodites, which coexisted during the 16th century and raised questions still debated during the next centuries, such as the existence of the « perfect » hermaphrodite
16
Noël, Elsa. "Conséquences et évolution de l’autofécondation : une approche expérimentale chez des gastéropodes hermaphrodites d’eau douce." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS018/document.
Full textAbstract:
Une grande partie des organismes hermaphrodites, qu’il s’agisse de plantes ou d’animaux, est capable de se reproduire par autofécondation, comme alternative à la fécondation croisée. Or les modèles théoriques prédisent un ensemble de conséquences évolutives importantes liées à l’autofécondation. La première prédiction est qu'une population pratiquant l'autofécondation est moins sensible à la dépression de consanguinité qu'une population à reproduction croisée, car une partie de la dépression a été « purgée », c’est-à-dire que les allèles délétères récessifs sont éliminés par la sélection naturelle plus facilement en autofécondation. Cette purge entraine en retour une sélection positive sur l’autofécondation. On attend aussi chez ces populations l’évolution de traits facilitant l’autofécondation (par ex., des fleurs fermées), ainsi qu’une réallocation de ressources de la fonction mâle vers la fonction femelle, en raison d’une sélection sexuelle réduite sur la fonction mâle. Une reproduction par autofécondation va aussi considérablement affecter la variabilité disponible en raison d’une taille efficace de population divisée par deux, augmentant les effets de dérive. Par ailleurs, la moindre efficacité de la recombinaison va augmenter la sensibilité aux interférences sélectives (sélection d’arrière-plan, balayage sélectif) et diminuer la probabilité de fixer plusieurs mutations avantageuses dans le même génome. En d’autres termes, l’autofécondation conduit à un fardeau génétique plus lourd, et diminue les capacités d'adaptation et l’efficacité de la sélection naturelle. On prédit donc que les espèces autofécondantes ont une probabilité d’extinction plus grande que les espèces allofécondantes – elles constituent un cul-de-sac évolutif. Ces prédictions ont pour l’essentiel été évaluées chez des plantes, voire ne l’ont pas été du tout. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’apporter des éléments permettant de les tester chez des animaux, les escargots hermaphrodites d’eau douce. Pour ce faire, nous avons opté pour une approche d’évolution expérimentale permettant de contrôler régime de reproduction, conditions environnementales et pressions de sélection. Notre modèle d’étude est Physa acuta, une espèce allofécondante qui est capable de se reproduire par autofécondation et nous avons des lignées expérimentales se reproduisant soit en allofécondation stricte soit alternant avec une génération d’autofécondation depuis 20 à 30 générations au laboratoire. La première expérience montre que non seulement la dépression de consanguinité est largement purgée en une dizaine de génération d’autofécondation, mais aussi que le temps d’attente (un trait positivement corrélé au taux d’allofécondation) a fortement diminué. Nous n’observons en revanche aucune réallocation sur la fonction femelle. La deuxième expérience dans laquelle nous avons comparé la réponse à la sélection sur un trait morphologique en autofécondation et en allofécondation montre qu’une population en autofécondation répond d’abord mieux car les allèles sont progressivement placés à l’état homozygote mais cet avantage s’épuise rapidement probablement à cause des interférences sélectives car en trois générations elles commencent à répondre plus lentement que la même population en allofécondation (le trait considéré était la forme de la coquille). Ces travaux apportent des éléments nouveaux quant à notre compréhension de l’évolution de l’autofécondation, et proposent des éléments expérimentaux novateurs quant à la moindre adaptabilité des espèces autofécondantesMany hermaphroditic organisms, either plants or animals, are able to reproduce by self-fertilization, at least alternatively with cross fertilization. Theoretical models predict several important consequences linked to this mating system. The first prediction is that a selfing population is less sensitive to inbreeding depression than an outcrossing one, because part of the depression can be « purged » meaning that the recessive deleterious alleles are easier to eliminate by natural selection under selfing. This purge creates a positive feedback to favour self fertilization. In these circumstances, we also expect the evolution of traits facilitating self fertilization (for example closed flowers) and a reallocation of resources from the male to the female function, because sexual selection is reduced in the male function. Self-fertilization also affects standing variation, as the effective population size is divided by two, enhancing the effects of drift. In addition, recombination becomes inefficient, increasing the extent of selective interference among loci (background selection, selective sweep) and decreasing the probability to fix several advantageous mutations in the same genome. In other words, self-fertilization decreases the adaptive potential and the efficiency of natural selection. We then predict that autogamous species have a higher probability of extinction, this is called the “dead end hypothesis”. Some of these predictions have been tested mainly in plants or not at all. The aim of this thesis is to test them in animals, using freshwater snails as model systems. To this end, we followed an experimental evolution approach using laboratory populations of Physa acuta a preferentially outcrossing snail able to reproduce by self-fertilization. These populations were maintained for 20 to 30 generations either under pure outcrossing or under alternating generations of outcrossing and selfing. In a first experiment we show that inbreeding depression is largely purged after only ten generations of selfing, but also that the waiting time, (a trait positively correlated to the outcrossing rate) decreased largely. We did not observe however any reallocation in favour of the female function. In a second experiment we compared the response to artificial selection on a morphological trait under selfing and outcrossing. We observed that when an outbred population switches to self-fertilization the response to selection is initially enhanced as alleles are progressively made homozygous. However this advantage is quickly offset by selective interference and after no more than three generations selfing populations start to respond to selection more slowly than outcrossing onesThis work brings new elements for the understanding of the evolution of mating systems, and provides empirical support for the lower adaptability of selfing species
17
Dahirel, Maxime. "Déterminants individuels et environnementaux de la dispersion chez une espèce hermaphrodite, l'escargot Cornu aspersum." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S068/document.
Full textAbstract:
Les comportements de dispersion, c'est-À-Dire les mouvements conduisant à des flux de gènes dans l'espace, jouent un rôle majeur dans de nombreux processus écologiques et évolutifs. Les Gastéropodes terrestres sont des hermaphrodites simultanés dont le mouvement est extrêmement coûteux, une combinaison de traits très intéressante pour étudier les liens entre dispersion et autres traits d'histoire de vie. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous avons étudié (i) les relations complexes entre dispersion, croissance, reproduction mâle et femelle chez le petit-Gris Cornu aspersum, un escargot anthropophile, (ii) comment la dispersion et le comportement exploratoire de cette espèce varient en fonction de la compétition ressentie et de l'hétérogénéité environnementale, (iii) comment la propension à disperser coévolue avec d'autres traits à l'échelle interspécifique. Cornu aspersum passe par une phase subadulte mâle de durée variable avant de devenir adulte et hermaphrodite. Le comportement de dispersion s'exprime principalement pendant cette phase subadulte, et sa diminution chez les adultes est liée à l'accroissement de l'investissement dans la fonction femelle. Cette espèce disperse de façon très densité-Dépendante : les individus quittent les sites à haute densité et s'installent dans ceux peu peuplés, une stratégie qui facilite la colonisation et la persistance en environnements instables. La propension à explorer augmente en environnements urbains fragmentés, malgré les coûts plus élevés du mouvement. Au niveau interspécifique, dispersion et généralisme sont liés, ce qui rend les espèces spécialistes doublement vulnérables, mais facilite le succès des généralistes en milieux hétérogènes. Cette combinaison de traits a probablement joué un rôle majeur dans la colonisation de nombreux milieux anthropisés par cette espèce à travers le mondeDispersal behaviours, i.e. movements leading to gene flow in space, play a key role in many ecological and evolutionary processes. Terrestrial gastropods are simultaneous hermaphrodites and have an extremely high cost of locomotion, a seldom studied combination of traits which makes them very valuable to investigate the links between dispersal and other life-History traits. During this project, we investigated (i) the complex relationships and trade-Offs between dispersal behaviour, growth, male and female reproduction in the anthropophilous brown garden snail Cornu aspersum, (ii) how its dispersal and exploration vary as a function of competition and environmental heterogeneity, (iii) how dispersal ability coevolved with other traits at the interspecific level. This snail presents a male-Biased subadult phase of varying duration before reaching adulthood and hermaphroditism. Dispersal behavior was mostly expressed during this subadult stage, and its decrease in adults was linked to investment in the female function. Brown garden snail dispersal is highly density-Dependant: snails leave crowded sites and settle readily in low-Density patches, a strategy that facilitates colonization and persistence in spatio-Temporally variable environments. Their movement propensity increases in urban, fragmented habitats, despite the higher costs of movement. At the interspecific level, dispersal and ecological generalism are linked in a dispersal syndrome, which makes specialist species doubly vulnerable, but increases success odds of generalists in heterogeneous landscapes . This combination of traits is likely to have played a major role in the successful worldwide colonization of many anthropogenic landscapes by this species
18
Jarne, Philippe. "Systèmes de reproduction et structures génétiques des populations chez des Gastéropodes hermaphrodites des eaux douces." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20284.
Full textAbstract:
Les relations entre la structure genetique des populations et les systemes de reproduction ont ete etudiees chez trois especes de gasteropodes hermaphrodites des eaux douces. La structure des populations de lymnaea peregra, espece eurasiatique, a ete etudiee par electrophorese enzymatique dans le lac leman. L'etude de la depression de consanguinite montre que le regime de reproduction est l'allofecondation et celle de l'allocation au sexe qu'il y a une compensation entre les fonctions male et femelle. Les resultats obtenus militent en faveur d'une faible structuration genetique des populations. Les deux autres especes etudiees sont africaines et sont vectrices du parasite trematode schistosoma. Les resultats indiquent que le regime de reproduction est l'allofecondation chez bulinus globosus et l'autofecondation partielle chez b. Truncatus. La faible structuration genetique des populations des deux especes est expliquee par un fort flux genique et le faible polymorphisme par des variations importantes d'affectifs, et en partie par l'autofecondation chez b. Truncatus. Chez b. Globosus, il est montre que la technique d'empreintes genetiques adn peut etre utilisee pour analyser le systeme de reproduction
19
Denyer, Morgan C. T. "The neuromuscular physiology of the male reproductive system in the freshwater hermaphrodite snail Lymnaea stagnalis." Thesis, Bangor University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241401.
Full text
20
Angeloni, Lisa Maria. "Mating strategies of simultaneously hermaphroditic opisthobranchs : sexual selection, body size and sex allocation /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3022182.
Full text
21
Ford, Rebecah Eleanor. "Intersexual Conflict in Androdioecious Clam Shrimp Species: Do Androdioecious Hermaphrodites Evolve to Avoid Mating with Males?" University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1490045754202551.
Full text
22
Sanderson, Thomas F. "Genetic Components of Male Relative to Hermaphrodite Survival in the Clam Shrimp Eulimnadia Texana." Akron, OH : University of Akron, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=akron1163711815.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Akron, Dept. of Biology, 2006."December, 2006." Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed 12/31/2008) Advisor, Stephen C. Weeks; Committee members, Francisco B.-G. Moore, R. Joel Duff; Department Chair, Bruce Cushing; Dean of the College, Ronald F. Levant; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.
23
Manriquez, Patricio H. "Mate choice and reproductive investment in the cheilostome bryozoan Celleporella hyalina (L.)." Thesis, Bangor University, 1999. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/mate-choice-and-reproductive-investment-in-the-cheilostome-bryozoan-celleporella-hyalina-l(213eab65-9c53-4769-869d-8fe403021006).html.
Full textAbstract:
In the present research several aspects of the reproductive biology of the marine hermaphroditic bryozoan, Celleporell hyalin (Linnaeus, 1767) were investigated. First (see Chapter 2), aliquots, of different ages from a stock of allosperm suspension were used to fertilize a series of virgin ramets, so characterizing the decay in fertility of released sperm and any effects of sperm ageing on subsequent embryogenesis and larval metamorphosis. The effect of temperature on the above variables was also investigated. The fertile half-life of C. hvalina sperm was about 1-2 h, although significant decay in fertility occurred within a few minutes after release. Sperm ageing showed no deleterious effects on embryogenesis, larval viability, or metamorphosis. No clear effects of temperature on sperm ageing and fertilization success were found. Allosperm. storage was studied in colonies of C. hyalina. (L. ) under several experimental conditions (see Chapter 3). Recipient virgin colonies were exposed to sexually compatible allosperm suspension and the appearance of the last newly ovulated oocytes in the coelorn. was used to assess duration of sperm storage. The same experiments examined continuation of brooding cycle and brooding success throughout the period of allosperm storage. Similar obserVations were conducted on wild colonies of C. hyalina taken from the field and kept in reproductive isolation in the laboratory. Production of progeny in females zooids budded beyond the original colonial growing edge was taken as evidence of sperm movement. The results of the present study show that recipient colonies continue producing coelomic oocytes up to 5 weeks after exposure to allosperm suspension. Moreover, the progeny were produced not only by female zooids present at the moment of allosperm dosage but also by female zooids, budded later, beyond the limit of the original growing edge. Since oocytes were not present in control colonies exposed to selfsperm, the results of the present study indicate that recipient colonies store sexually compatible allosperm and transport them within the colony in order to produce viable progeny. The effect of water flow on both sperm release and fertilization success in colonies of C. hyalin (L. ) was studied (see Chapter 4). Maximum numbers of released sperm were found at low and zero water velocities. Moreover, protruded male lophophores were observed only under those conditions. Fertilization success was studied in virgin colonies of C. hyalina (L. ) exposed to compatible allosperm suspensions under different feeding activity and water flow conditions. Fertilization success was higher in colonies with more active feeding autozooids than in those with fewer feeding autozooids. High water flow conditions induced reduction in the proportion of protruded lophophores, and reduced the frequency of ovicells bearing progeny. Moreover, in all the experiments offspring were concentrated in areas of the colony bearing active feeding autozooids. The results of this study suggest that sperm release take place under similar conditions that enhance cross fertilization, with a possible role of feeding activity in bringing sperm to the proximity of receiver colonies. Sperm competition and female choice was investigated in virgin colonies of C. hyalin (L. ) exposed to sexually compatible allosperm cocktails (see Chapter 5). A microsatellite-based. genotyping system was used to determine paternity. Progeny were mainly the product of outcrossing. In a few cases, a small proportion of progeny was attributed to selffertilization. These results suggest that outcrossing is the main reproductive strategy in this species and that neither selective female choice nor sperm competition occur in C. hyalin . Cryptic incompatibility allowing a flexible mating strategy to produce out-crossed progeny Z) in the presence of allospenn and selfing when they were absent was not found. The effects of mating sequence and temporal interval between matings (2 or 48 h) on sperm precedence in double-mated individuals were studied (see Chapter 6). Paternity was determined by using a microsatellite-based genotyping system. Settled colonies produced after short mating showed evidence of sperm mixing and first-male precedence. However, last colonies produced after both short and long mating intervals showed evidence of first-male precedence. When analyses were conducted using all the sampled progeny, low incidence of paternity by the second sperm donor (P2) and absence of self fertilization were found. No effect of mating order on success of the second donor was found. Prevalence of outcrossing was also found. These results suggest that first-male precedence in C. hyalin may promote outcrossing under sperm limitation conditions, by acceptance of the first compatible allosperm to become available. The effects of exposure to sperm suspensions and stressors on sexual allocation in colonies were studied (see Chapter 7). In the first experiment the effect of a waterborne factor on receptor colonies was studied. Adult colonies were exposed to compatible allosperm suspensions that had been filtered through 0.45 Vrn pores potentially able to remove cellular sized particles. As a control, receptor colonies were exposed to non-filtered allosperin suspensions. Appearance and growth of oocytes occurred only in the coelorn. of the control colonies. The active factor is not a dissolved molecule, but a particle that can be removed from water by filtration through 0.45 [im pores. This result plus the absence of developing oocytes in the receptor colonies exposed to similar concentration of selfsperm, suggest the operation of self/honself recognition and an important and active role of allosperm in initiating colonial reproductive investment in C. hyalina. Prevention of colonial growth and others stressors were associated with production of basal male zooids. In other experiments, exposure to sperm suspensions of different degrees of genetic relatedness showed a virtual absence of production of progeny in those colonies exposed to closely related sperm (i. e. self and halfsibs). Finally, in experiments with sexually immature colonies, the onset of sexual reproduction was triggered by exposure to allosperm, resulting in the production of female zooids even before the appearance of male zooids. Contacts between colonies of different genetic relatedness were studied under laboratory conditions (see Chapter 8). Moreover, observations were made on colonies growing on their natural substrata. Five types of responses were observed, from total fusion to overgrowth. Maximum degree of fusion, or morphological fusion, was manifested as morphologic interconnection between the ad oining colonies (i. e. production of coalescent zooids). Fusion occurred in all contacts between colonies of the same genotype, between parental colonies and their progeny and, between full and half sib colonies. In most cases the production of coalescent zooids was found. Absence of fusion occurred in all contacts between unrelated colonies and between some of the half sibs. Observations on wild colonies growing in contact with each other failed to reveal any incidences of coalescence. Non-aggressive overgrowth was confined to dead areas of one colony overgrown by zooids of the other healthy colony, independent of the genetic relatedness of the pairs. Differences in the fusibility between isocontact and allocontact suggest that colony specificity exists in C. hyalin , as has been found in other sessile colonial marine organisms.
24
Cirulis, Aivars. "Separating the sexes : sexual conflict and how to resolve it." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-302731.
Full textAbstract:
During the evolution of sex, different sexual conflicts arise. Sexual conflicts reduce fitness of the opposite sex. That is why several mechanisms have evolved to resolve them, which leads to rapid and unpredictable co-evolution of male and female traits involved in reproduction. This rapid co-evolution of male and female reproductive traits driven by sexual conflict can further lead to reproductive isolation resulting in speciation. I used the hermaphroditic fungus Neurospora crassa, which has two mating types, as a model organism. Mating types are proxy to sex, because both are needed for sexual reproduction, but they are not limited to either sex role. However by using male pheromone knock-out lines, I created an evolutionary setup, where either mating type is forced to adapt to its restricted sex role. After 21 sexual generations of adaptive co-evolution, I tested if mating types had adapted to the assigned sex by measuring fitness (production of sexual spores called ascospores). I used three evolutionary setups (lines): Δccg4 lines, where mat A is female and mat a is adapted to the male role, Δmfa1 lines, where conversely mat A is adapted to the male role and mat a is female, and wild-type lines used as controls, where both mating types have maintained and adapted to both sex roles. And discovered one Δccg4 line, which indeed adapted to the newly assigned sex roles. At generation 15 and 21 I obtained mixed results for the presence of sexual conflict by correlating male and female fitness in hermaphroditic partner mat a in this line, however I found a sexual conflict also in the asexual growth, where male role is associated with increased, but female role with decreased mycelium growth rate. This work will further allow to study genomic mechanisms underlying this adaptation.
25
Conway, Benjamin Paul. "Foucault, same-sex union and alchemy : a critical reading of the hermaphrodite in Jungian and traditionalist philosophy." Thesis, University of Kent, 2018. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/70895/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis argues that the neglected images of the history of science, found in the western alchemical tradition, provide a unique resource for thinking about same-sex union. It provides an opportunity to re-examine the cultural appropriation of these images, used by Jungian psychoanalysis and Evolian traditionalist metaphysics, which deny the validity of same-sex union and homosexuality. By adopting Foucauldian methodologies and using his effective historical, archaeological and genealogical approaches, the thesis argues that there is a silent secondary discourse supported through alchemical imagery that celebrates male same-sex union. The thesis shows how alchemy can be seen as a counter-memory to the dominant regime of sexual-union. By integrating Foucault and the suppressed alchemical images of the Solidonius manuscript with its unique all-male union I argue that this manuscript is a contemporary to Jung's seminal exploration of the Rosarium Philosophorum from which Jung, and Evola, outline the basis of a compulsive heteronormativity in their respective individuation and intiatic techniques. The thesis challenges the existing denial of same-sex union manifesting through identity politics and same-sex marriage. Chapter 1 demonstrates the problem and paradox of the internalized image of the hermaphrodite of Jung and Evola. It outlines a framework of etymological and phenomenological language which is used to critically expose the sui generis claims of the hermaphrodite's role in denying same-sex union. Chapter 2 provides the historical contextualization of the alchemical images, tracing the hermaphrodite trope through four successive phases. These are the philosophical, the alchemical (proper), the hermetic and the psychic. Finally, chapters 3 and 4 combined the alchemical symbols and Foucauldian critical perspectives to develop a reclamation of alchemical same-sex union. Although Foucault dismissed the value of alchemy, this integration offers an original reconceptualization that has the potential to impact directly on the internalized lives of those participating in same-sex identity politics today.
26
Henry, Pierre-Yves. "Dynamique des populations et évolution du système de reproduction : étude chez le gastéropode hermaphrodite Physa acuta (Pulmoné)." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20140.
Full text
27
Giri, Tuhin. "Mating behaviour, epibiotic growth, and the effect of salinity on grooming activity in the hermaphroditic shrimp Lysmata wurdemanni." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969/302.
Full text
28
Sommer, Felix [Verfasser]. "Molecular analysis of self/non-self recognition in the hermaphroditic urochordate Ciona intestinalis / Felix Sommer." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1145074367/34.
Full text
29
Doums, Claudie. "Evolution des systèmes de reproduction chez les gastéropodes hermaphrodites d'eau douce : le cas de l'aphallie chez "Bulinus truncatus"." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20214.
Full textAbstract:
L'objectif de cette these est de comprendre l'evolution d'un polymorphisme sexuel tres particulier, l'aphallie, chez le gasteropode pulmone bulinus truncatus. Ce polymorphisme se caracterise par la coexistence de deux morphes sexuels dans les populations naturelles: des individus hermaphrodites normaux (euphalliques) et des individus depourvus d'organe copulateur male (aphalliques). Les deux morphes peuvent s'autofeconder. Mais, en allofecondation, les individus aphalliques ne peuvent jouer que le role de femelle. Ainsi, l'evolution de l'aphallie et de l'autofecondation sont intimement liees. Dans un premier temps, nous avons montre que la determination de l'aphallie presente une forte composante genetique, meme si la temperature influence egalement le determinisme du morphe sexuel. Une forte variabilite genetique pour l'aphallie a ete observee entre les populations naturelles et a l'interieur de quelques populations. Dans un deuxieme temps, nous avons mis en evidence une tres faible difference de valeur selective entre les deux morphes. De forts taux d'autofecondation ont ete observes, sans avoir d'effets nefastes sur les traits d'histoire de vie des individus. Enfin, nous avons montre que des taux d'aphallie intermediaires pouvaient etre observes a l'equilibre meme pour de forts taux d'autofecondation, par une approche par modelisation. L'importance relative des facteurs selectifs et stochastiques pour le maintien et l'evolution de l'aphallie et de l'autofecondation dans les populations naturelles ont ete discutes
30
McKague, Cathleen Meghan. "'[A]n hermaphrodite - two parts in one' : the androgynous as grotesque and divine in Jonson, Marston, and Shakespeare." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6089/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis investigates competing representations of androgyny as grotesque and/or divine in selected works by Ben Jonson, John Marston, and William Shakespeare. The literary grotesque is a combination of incompatibles—such as the combination of masculine and feminine—which evokes simultaneous reactions of laughter and revulsion, while I define the divine as that which inspires awe and wonder through its otherworldliness. Throughout, the thesis examines figures such as physical or metaphorical hermaphrodites, eunuchs, Amazons, transvestites, the asexual, the pansexual, and those who transgress gender boundaries. The Introduction establishes historical contexts for physical and behavioural androgyny, the grotesque, and the divine. Each subsequent chapter close-reads one literary text: Chapter 1 examines place-based androgyny in Jonson’s Volpone; Chapter 2 explores Antonio/Florizel’s effect in Marston’s Antonio and Mellida; Chapter 3 analyses role-reversal in Shakespeare’s Venus and Adonis; Chapter 4 investigates Ganymede’s magnetism and Rosalind’s wondrousness in As You Like It; and Chapter 5 evaluates Cesario’s invigoration in Twelfth Night. I argue for a progression in the degree of wonder evoked by androgynous figures, and an increase in these figures’ subjectivity and agency. My thesis is the first to explore the liberating unfixity of androgyny as funny, frightening, repulsive, and yet also potentially divine.
31
Boissin, Emilie. "Phylogénie, phylogéographie, mode de reproduction et structure démographique dans le complexe d'espèces de l'ophiure hermaphrodite incubante Amphipholis squamata." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX22029.
Full textAbstract:
La découverte de nouvelles espèces cryptiques est un enjeu considérable pour l’étude de la biodiversité. Les complexes d’espèces représentent d’excellentes opportunités pour comprendre et étudier les processus de spéciation. A. Squamata est une ophiure (phylum des échinodermes) qui forme un complexe d’espèces composé de lignées très divergentes. L’organisme a une distribution cosmopolite, ce qui représente un paradoxe car il ne possède pas de phase larvaire dispersive : il incube en effet sa progéniture jusqu’au stade juvénile. Une approche multidisciplinaire a été nécessaire afin d’appréhender le fonctionnement général du complexe d’espèces A. Squamata. Tout d’abord l’étude phylogénétique a permis de révéler la monophylie du complexe d’espèces, ainsi que son ancienneté (estimation : > 20 Ma). Une étude morphologique a révélé une absence de différenciation entre les lignées du complexe. Les causes possibles de cette stase morphologique sont discutées. Ensuite, l’approche phylogéographique a permis d’identifier l’existence de certaines lignées à large distribution tropicale (E) ou antitropicale (A et B) et d’autres lignées restreintes à une échelle locale ou régionale (AIV, AV, AMaine). L’étude des flux de gènes sur l’ensemble de l’aire de répartition a montré que ces flux sont rares entre les bassins océanographiques (monophylie réciproque) et qu’à des échelles plus régionales ils sont fortement contraints par la courantologie. Toutefois, certains haplotypes sont retrouvés dans des localités distantes de plusieurs milliers de km. Une autre approche basée sur l’étude conjointe de marqueurs mitochondriaux et de marqueurs nucléaires a révélé une absence de croisement entre les lignées présentes en Méditerranée nord occidentale, ce qui suggère qu’elles peuvent être considérées comme des espèces au sens biologique du terme. Ensuite, l’étude de la reproduction de ces espèces à partir de l’analyse du taux d’autofécondation (FIS) et l’analyse parent/progéniture a révélé que l’autofécondation était le mode de reproduction principal. Le suivi démographique temporel sur deux ans dans un site proche de Marseille (Les Goudes) n’a pas permis de révéler de différences dans les traits d’histoire de vie de ces espèces (taille, mortalité, fécondité, saison de reproduction). Enfin, toutes ces caractéristiques sont confrontées afin de proposer un fonctionnement global du complexe d’espèces tant d’un point de vue évolutif que démographique sur l’ensemble de son aire de répartitionThe discovery of cryptic species is a challenge for the assessment of biodiversity. The species complexes are a great opportunity to study and understand the process of speciation. A. Squamata is a small brittle star (Echinodermata) forming a species complex made of very divergent lineages. This organism is found worldwide which is paradoxal since it lacks a dispersive larval phase: it broods it offspring until a crawl away stage. A multidisciplinary approach has been necessary to better understand the general functioning of the species complex A. Squamata. Firstly, the phylogenetic study revealed the monophyly of the complex and its antiquity. The morphological study revealed a lack of differentiation even between the most divergent lineages. The possible causes of the morphological stasis are discussed. The phylogeographic approach revealed both the existence of worldwide tropical (E) and antitropical (A and B) lineages and other locally or regionally restricted lineages (AVI, AV, AMaine). This study of the gene flow across the entire distribution area revealed that the flow are scarce between the oceanographical basins and that, at a regional scale, they are constrained by the currents. Some haplotypes are shared across thousands of km. The study of both mitochondrial and nuclear markers revealed a lack of crossing between lineages of the North western Mediterranean Sea, which makes of them valid biological species following Mayr’s concept. The study of their reproduction showed that selfing is the main mode of reproduction. A temporal survey revealed that the different species do not display conspicuous differences in their life history traits. Finally, considering all these characteristics, we propose a global functioning of the species complex across its entire distribution area
32
Fisher, Michael T. IV. "Low Temperature Induction of Males and Other Developmental Anomalies in a Self-Fertilizing Hermaphroditic Fish Species." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34875.
Full textAbstract:
Rivulus marmoratus (Cyprinodont; Aplochelidae) is the only vertebrate known to reproduce by obligate internal self-fertilization. Selfing is the ultimate form of inbreeding and leads to virtual homozygosity in approximately ten generations, so that this mode of reproduction is effectively clonal. Populations of this species consist of arrays of homozygous clones, with high clonal diversity and low representation of each clone. Males occur at low frequency (<1%) in most populations, with a few notable exceptions. Females have never been recorded.High frequencies of males have been reported on two occasions; high numbers of males were reported on the island of Curacao in the 1970's, and males comprised up to 24% of the populations sampled on several Belize Cays during 1990-91. Hermaphrodites collected from one island, Twin Cays, proved to be heterozygous at mini-satellite loci when progeny tested and DNA fingerprinted. This was evidence that recent outcrossing had occurred.Earlier experiments with Floridian clonal lines had suggested that sex in this species was thermolabile; incubation of embryos at low temperatures (19° C)) produced up to 100% males. It was suggested that this might be part of an environmental sex determination (ESD) system in this species.If the induction of males is indeed part of and ESD in this species, then it may be that the temperature at which males are induced in a particular clone will be related to the temperature regime that clone encounters in nature. Therefore, it was hypothesized that the temperature at which males are induced would be related to the geographic origin of each clone, so that clones from the cooler extremes of the range would produce males at a lower threshold temperature than clones from the more equatorial center of the range. This study used laboratory reared descendants of clones from Vero Beach, Florida, Rio de Janiero, Brazil (the extreme north and south of the range), and from several Belize barrier islands and the Belize mainland (near the center of the range) in an effort to detect differences in the production of males between clonal lines based on their geographic origin. Eggs were collected from these hermaphrodites and incubated at 26° C)C, 22.5° C), or 19 ° C), representing normal, and below average temperatures for this species. These embryos were hatched and reared to sexual maturity at which time their sex was evaluated.Incubation at 26° C) resulted in 2-17% males, incubation at 22.5° C) resulted in 6-53% males, and incubation at 19° C) resulted in 47-74% males. However, the variation in male induction between clonal lines did not correspond to a geographic hypothesis.Also, significant numbers of deformed individuals were noted, particularly among individuals incubated at the lower two temperatures. Incubation at 26° C) resulted in 0-24% deformed, incubation at 22.5° C) resulted in 6-66% deformed, and incubation at 19° C) resulted in 36-87% deformed. It is clear that development at these lower temperatures is difficult for this species, and it may be that low temperature developmental stress is not a general challenge to this species.Master of Science
33
Lewis-Turner, Jessica Lindsay. "Fantasizing Hermaphroditism: Two-Sexed Metaphors in Nineteenth-Century American Literature and Culture." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/436793.
Full textAbstract:
EnglishPh.D.
In nineteenth-century medicine, it was generally agreed that “true hermaphroditism,” or the equal combination of male and female sexual characteristics in one body, was impossible in humans. Yet true hermaphroditism remained a significant presence in both fictional and non-fictional texts. Much of the scholarly literature is on the history of hermaphroditism as a history of intersexuality. Fantasizing Hermaphroditism: Two-Sexed Metaphors in Nineteenth-Century American Literature and Culture is a study of both hermaphroditism and the hermaphrodite as a fantasy. My approach is a combination of historicization and close reading. The chapters are in chronological order, and each chapter is centered on a single text. Chapter 1 addresses Julia Ward Howe’s fictional manuscript, The Hermaphrodite; Chapter 2, S.H. Harris’ case narrative on “A Case of Doubtful Sex”; Chapter 3, James Kiernan’s theoretical treatise on “Responsibility in Sexual Perversion”; and Chapter 4, a memoir by an author who went by the names Ralph Werther and Earl Lind, titled Autobiography of an Androgyne. I begin with the broader cultural moment of the text’s writing, and then explore the text’s language and structure in greater depth. This range of texts demonstrates that the hermaphrodite was a fantasy for nineteenth century authors, described as an impossibility but inspiring very real fear and pleasure. The language that they—and we—use in fantasies about the unreal hermaphrodite can help us to unpack these anxieties and desires around marriage, the body, race, and the definition of the individual.
Temple University--Theses
34
Tzoumakas, Dēmētrēs (Dimitris). "Ho hermaphroditos tou kēpou tōn grammatōn : hē synklisē poiētikou kai kritikou logou sto ergo tou Nikola Kalas." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1999. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27932.
Full textAbstract:
Achieving fame and notoriety in the 1930s as an avant-garde Greek poet and Marxist critic,
Nikolaos Kalamaris (1907-1988) — better known by his pseudonyms of Nicolas Calas,
Nikitas Randos and M. Spieros — went on to write poetry and criticism in French and finally
to pursue a successful academic career in the United States as an art critic and historian. The
aim of this thesis is to investigate what common threads run through his multifaceted and
multilingual writings, and in particular to what extent his poetry corresponds to the artistic
program set out in his critical works. Part I (chapters 1-3) deals with Calas’ poetry, while Part
11 (chapters 4-7) examines his critical and theoretical writings.
As is explained in the Introduction, the thesis is based on the full corpus of Calas’ poetry (five
small collections, two volumes of collected poems, plus a few poems published only in
journals), on his six books of theory and criticism, and on numerous smaller texts published in
journals and exhibition programs. The thesis includes a list of Calas’ published works more
complete than any previously available. Some private letters and other material from his
personal archives have also been taken into account.
The first chapter examines Calas’ Greek poetry in relation to avant-garde movements of the
inter-war period — in particular expressionism, futurism and surrealism. The Marxist
influence in his poetry is the subject of the second chapter, while the third deals with intertextual
references, in particular to the “extreme” demoticism of Psycharis (of which Calas strongly
disapproves), to ancient Greek culture (which he knows intimately but refuses to fetishise), and
to his contemporaries and predecessors on the Greek literary scene, to whom he directs an
incisive and frequently negative commentary.
The fourth chapter examines Calas’ early critical and theoretical writings, up to 1938,
concentrating in particular on his treatment of Marxist themes, his critical attitude to the doyen
of Greek poetry at the time, Kostis Palamas, and his views on Cavafy — often regarded as the
founder of Greek modernism — and on Calas’ contemporary and fellow-Marxist, Ritsos. The
thesis proceeds in Chapter Five to discuss Marxist and Freudian elements in Calas’ treatment
of surrealism in his major French work Foyers d ’incendie (1938). The last two chapters
examine two major aspects of his American period: firstly his work as a theorist of and
apologist for surrealism, and finally his writings on art criticism.
The overall conclusion is that, even though the fact that he wrote comparatively little poetry in
the post-war period makes a detailed parallel study of his literary and critical development
impractical, there is indeed a close correspondence between theory and practice in Calas’ work
as a whole.
An important but little-known text, “Towards a third Surrealist Manifesto”, is presented in
Greek translation in Appendix I, while Appendix II offers a summary account of the Calas
Archive in the National Art Gallery in Copenhagen.
35
Martin, Marie-Christine. "Etude experimentale de l'inversion sexuelle et de la morphogenese genitale femelle chez un mollusque hermaphrodite protandre crepidula fornicata l. (mesogasteropode)." Caen, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985CAEN2032.
Full textAbstract:
Etude histologique et morphometrique de l'inversion sexuelle chez crepidula fornicata, hermaphrodite protandre, permet de distinguer cinq etapes: inversion sexuelle de la gonade, transformation de la vesicule seminale, morphogenese du canal gonopericardique et du vagin, differenciation de cellules secretrices de l'uterus. L'experimentation in vivo et in vitro montre l'existence de plusieurs facteurs neuroendocriniens de differenciation
36
COUTELLEC-VRETO, MARIE-AGNES. "Structure genetique des populations chez le gasteropode pulmone hermaphrodite simultane, lymnaea peregra (muller) : role de la derive et de l'autofecondation." Rennes 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN10063.
Full textAbstract:
La structure genetique et les systemes de reproduction ont ete etudies dans un groupe de populations du mollusque gasteropode pulmone, lymnaea peregra muller (lymnaeidae), au moyen de marqueurs enzymatiques et de traits lies a la valeur selective. La differenciation genetique des populations s'est averee significative et en accord avec la nature fermee des milieux qu'occupe cette espece. La constitution genotypique des populations montre une tendance generale au deficit en heterozygotes, malgre une variabilite genetique elevee. L'analyse des systemes de reproduction a revele que cette fixation pouvait etre due a un taux non negligeable d'autofecondation et / ou une subdivision des populations. L'etude experimentale de la depression de consanguinite sur deux generations successives suggere (i) un fardeau genetique constitue a la fois de mutations letales s'exprimant de facon precoce et de mutations a faible effet individuel, sous un modele de dominance partielle, (ii) une action independante des genes affectant la fitness. Par ailleurs, la variation inter-lignees des traits relatifs a l'autofecondation est mise en relation avec la variation inter-individuelle observee pour les taux d'autofecondation naturels. L'ensemble des resultats est discute dans le cadre de l'evolution des systemes de reproduction, chez une espece pour laquelle les avantages theoriques de l'autofecondation peuvent etre lies a une variation importante des conditions environnementales locales.
37
Johnson, Collin Hauer. "Self-fertilization, Larval Dispersal, and Population Structure in the Marine Bryozoan Bugula stolonifera." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10180.
Full textAbstract:
Although the process by which fertilization occurs in bryozoans is well described, the ability to self-fertilize and the subsequent ecological consequences are poorly understood. Culturing experiments were conducted examining the effects of selfing on offspring survival and reproduction in the simultaneous hermaphrodite Bugula stolonifera collected from Eel Pond, Woods Hole, MA. Results from these experiments document significant decreases in survival and fecundity of selfed offspring, compared to outcrossed controls, suggesting that these animals are not routinely self-fertilizing in Eel Pond. How these arborescent colonies minimize selfing remains unclear, but it is hypothesized that conspecific aggregations could serve to minimize the chances that a colony utilizes its own sperm for fertilization. The genetic composition of these aggregations was investigated using a newly developed microsatellite library. As larvae routinely metamorphose on conspecific colonies, the possibility that larvae select or avoid their maternal colony was also investigated. Analyses of genetic structure document homogeneity throughout these aggregations on extremely small spatial scales, suggesting high amounts of larval dispersal within aggregations. When combined with results from parentage-exclusion and kinship analyses, these results indicate that a colony's nearest neighbors are not composed of siblings, potentially minimizing inbreeding. Molecular analyses were then used to determine if the high larval dispersal within aggregations resulted in high mixing between aggregations. Sites within Eel Pond separated by 100-300 m were routinely sampled from 2009 to 2011, and analyses were conducted to investigate potential inter- and intra-annual genotypic differentiation within and between aggregations. Results document that although low levels of mixing could result in increased homogeneity between some aggregations, barriers to genetic exchange prevent mixing between most sites. Further, inter-annual comparisons within sites document that significant differentiation can occur between reproductive seasons. Hence, any potential homogeneity achieved between sites during one reproductive season will likely be lost by the beginning of the next reproductive season. Additionally, while sampling in Eel Pond in 2010, I document the first occurrence from the western Atlantic Ocean of another aggregating arborescent bryozoan, Tricellaria inopinata. The growth and reproductive biology of these animals was monitored throughout 2011; results suggest that this introduction is likely to persist.
38
Tan, Li. "Virulence mechanisms of the nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita and its associated bacterium Moraxella osloensis to the gray garden slug Deroceras reticulatum /." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486549482670955.
Full text
39
Mourabit, Sulayman. "Establishing the mangrove killifish, Kryptolebias marmoratus, as a model species for developmental biology." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/8461.
Full textAbstract:
The mangrove killifish, Kryptolebias marmoratus, has the potential of becoming a strong model organism for a range of biological disciplines thanks to its ability to self-fertilise, a process only known to occur in invertebrate animals until its discovery. Selfing, a natural occurrence in this species, has lead to the formation of clonal lineages composed of highly homozygous individuals. The aim of this thesis was to further establish K. marmoratus in the field of developmental biology by providing an information infrastructure to help advance research on this peculiar animal and further promote its place in the pantheon of model organisms. To do so, I first set out to standardise K. marmoratus embryology by providing defined developmental stages with clear visual representations of key embryonic structures. This staging series is an essential tool that will ensure repeatability and consistency within and across different laboratories. Secondly, I examined several techniques for embryonic manipulation and for imaging that can be used in an array of experimental designs. Using these techniques I demonstrated microinjection of embryos by monitoring the yolk syncytial layer and its nuclei, and time-lapse analyses of the yolk surface during embryonic development. Finally, I applied the knowledge gained from my first two studies and examined Bmp signalling in K. marmoratus embryos and its influence on body patterning. By inhibiting this pathway, I found a new phenotype characterised by an extremely short and split body axis. These data highlighted the importance of studying known signalling pathways in unknown organisms as species-specific differences may improve our understanding of fundamental developmental processes. This thesis demonstrates that with its easily obtainable and manipulated embryos, K. marmoratus can be used for embryological research in the same light as other model organisms such as zebrafish or medaka. The rising amount of information on mangrove killifish will help further take advantage of this unique and intriguing species, and supports the use of this hermaphroditic vertebrate as a strong comparative model in developmental biology.
40
Tyler-Jedlund, Amanda J. "Age, Growth, and Reproduction of Calamus proridens the Littlehead Porgy, from the Northeast Gulf of Mexico." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003015.
Full text
41
Choi, Sungwook. "Investigation of LIN-28 Function in Somatic Gonadal Development and Fertility, and Characterization of the LIN-28 Isoforms in C. elegans Hermaphrodites." eScholarship@UMMS, 2018. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/991.
Full textAbstract:
lin-28 was first characterized as a developmental timing regulator in Caenorhabditis elegans. Loss of lin-28 function (lin-28(lf)) mutants skip the hypodermal cell fates specific to the 2nd larval stage. Here, we studied two aspects of lin-28 which had not yet been investigated.
First, we show that lin-28(lf) mutants exhibit reduced fertility associated with abnormal somatic gonadal morphology. In particular, the abnormal spermatheca-uterine valve morphology of lin-28(lf) hermaphrodites traps embryos in the spermatheca, which disrupts ovulation and causes embryonic lethality. The same genes downstream of lin-28 in the regulation of hypodermal developmental timing also act downstream of lin-28 in somatic gonadal morphogenesis and fertility. Importantly, we find that hypodermal expression, but not somatic gonadal expression, of lin-28 is sufficient for restoring normal somatic gonadal morphology in lin-28(lf) mutants. We propose that the abnormal somatic gonadal morphogenesis of lin-28(lf) hermaphrodites results from temporal discoordination between the accelerated hypodermal development and normally timed somatic gonadal development. Thus, our findings exemplify how a cell-intrinsic developmental timing program can also control proper development of other interacting tissues, cell non-autonomously.
We also investigated the expression patterns and functions of two lin-28 isoforms in C. elegans. Our analysis of spatial expression patterns suggests that lin-28a and lin-28b are co-expressed in diverse tissues. Consistently, neither of isoform specific knock-out mutant, lin-28a(lf) or lin-28b(lf), exhibits defects in hypodermal development, somatic gonad, or fertility, indicating functional redundancy of two isoforms. Our study will contribute to further investigation of lin-28 isoforms by providing the mutants of each isoform as well as the primary analysis of their phenotypes.
42
Le, Mens Magali. "Ambiguïté sexuelle dans l'art de Winckelmann à Mondrian (1750-1930) : au-delà des deux sexes : visibilité des hermaphrodites, figuration et passage à l'abstraction." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010651.
Full textAbstract:
L'idée de l'ambiguïté sexuelle permet d'englober tout ce qui rend impossible l'idée de sexe déterminé, hermaphrodites, androgynes, travestis, eunuques, castrats, femmes masculines ou à barbe, hommes gynécomastes, efféminés, etc. , que ce soit dans l'appréhension du réel ou dans sa recréation artistique. La réflexion menée ici propose de ne pas détacher l'histoire de l'art de l'histoire de l'appréhension du réel. Dans la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle Winckelmann offrait comme modèle aux artistes un idéal esthétique qui a profondément marqué son siècle et le suivant. Or, Winckelmann qui se passionnait pour les sciences du vivant de son temps tout autant que pour les œuvres d'art pensait, en effet, que les Anciens s'étaient inspirés du corps des castrats et des hermaphrodites pour construire un corps humain idéal mêlant la beauté des sexes. Jusqu'au début du XXe siècle avec Mondrian, l'ambiguïté sexuelle imaginée est souvent appréhendée par rapport à l'ambiguïté réelle - celle des hermaphrodites particulièrement - à laquelle la science s'intéressait de très près. C'est donc par rapport à la figure humaine qu'une des voies de passage à l'abstraction est ici abordée. En effet, jusqu'à maintenant on a souvent abordé la question du passage à l'abstraction par le biais du paysage, pourtant, il est possible de proposer qu'en se penchant sur le réel à travers la figure humaine ambiguë les artistes sont aussi parvenus à l'abstraction.
43
Tan, Li. "VIRULENCE MECHANISM OF THE NEMATODE PHASMARHABDITIS HERMAPHRODITA AND ITS ASSOCIATED BACTERIUM MORAXELLA OSLOENSIS TO THE GRAY GARDEN SLUG DEROCERAS RETICULATUM." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1038718955.
Full text
44
Caplins, Serena. "Impact of self-fertilization on fecundity, the timing of first reproduction, and population genetic structure: Is a mate worth the wait?" VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/536.
Full textAbstract:
Organisms capable of self-fertilization typically exhibit two evolutionary syndromes uniting high inbreeding depression with low levels of selfing, or low inbreeding depression and high levels of selfing. This study tests for inbreeding depression in an apparent self-compatible, hermaphroditic marine nemertean worm, Prosorhochmus americanus. Fecundity and timing to first reproduction were assessed in isolated and paired worms. Isolated worms produced significantly more offspring than paired worms and did not show inbreeding avoidance. The selfing rate of natural populations was evaluated using species-specific microsatellites and is consistent with preferential selfing (mean: 0.801), though some outcrossing appears to take place. Population genetic structure indicates populations are disjunct and characterized by low levels of gene flow. Our results reveal P. americanus exhibits an interesting suite of life-history traits, uniting high dispersal potential through self-fertilization and high fecundity, with the lack of a dispersive larval stage and low levels of gene flow.
45
Guiguen, Yann. "Approches morphologique, histologique et endocrinienne des cycles reproducteurs et de l'inversion sexuelle chez un poisson hermaphrodite protandre : le loup tropical, lates calcarifer, introduit en elevage en polynesie francaise." Rennes 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REN10133.
Full textAbstract:
A tahiti, le lates calcarifer presente une saison de reproduction annuelle et les animaux males peuvent s'inverser apres cette saison. Les caracteristiques histologiques de l'inversion sont, la degenerescence du tissu germinal male, l'apparition du tissu degenerescent male, et enfin la proliferation du tissu germinal femelle avec persistance du tissu germinal femelle. Ce processus d'inversion peut etre acheve au moins en 17 jours, et necessite une profonde reorganisation morphologique des gonades. Au niveau ultrastructural, nous avons identifie de nombreuses cellules germinales primordiales durant la phase de proliferation du tissu germinal femelle. Ces cellules aux caracteristiques indifferenciees pourraient jouer un role important dans l'ontogenese du tissu germinal femelle. Nous avons aussi mesure les concentrations des steroides sexuels plasmatiques et gonadiques, et effectue des etudes de metabolisme in vitro par des gonades a differents stades de maturation sexuelle et d'inversion. Les principaux resultats de ces etudes sont la mise en evidence d'un steroide de type strogene synthetise in vitro en grande quantite par des gonades en fin d'inversion, et par la detection de fortes concentrations gonadiques dans les gonades des le debut de l'inversion. Ceci suggere un role important des strogenes dans la regulation endocrienne de l'inversion sexuelle du lates calcarifer. Concernant le compose de type strogene, ses caracteristiques biochimiques sont identiques a celles d'un 3-ester d'stradiol. Ce steroide pourrait servir de reserve tissulaire d'stradiol 17
46
Laflamme, Mathieu. "Le genre au tribunal : l'hermaphrodisme devant la justice de la France d'Ancien Régime." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35177.
Full textAbstract:
Cette étude se penche sur les discours des professionnels du droit de la France d’Ancien Régime sur l’hermaphrodisme pour cerner les réactions du système de justice face aux défis que représentait l’hermaphrodisme et ainsi circonscrire les constructions des définitions du masculin et du féminin. Nos recherches démontrent que les juristes de cette période ne pouvaient tolérer que des êtres puissent vivre sur la frontière étanche séparant juridiquement et socialement le féminin du masculin. Le système judiciaire, gardien du dimorphisme genré traditionnel de la société, se devait impérativement d’attribuer un genre juridique à tout individu ne cadrant pas avec l’idéal dichotomique de la France d’Ancien Régime. Par l’étude des six procédures pénales contre de prétendus hermaphrodites de cette période, nous démontrons que les experts juridiques de la France d’Ancien Régime établirent deux modèles distincts d’attribution d’un genre juridique à des individus à l’anatomie et au comportement ne cadrant pas avec les normes genrées de la période. Dans une première phase (1601 1661), les magistrats attribuaient un genre juridique selon l’apparence extérieure des parties génitales de l’individu. Dans une deuxième période (1686 1765), ces mêmes autorités attribuaient un genre juridique selon la fonctionnalité des organes génitaux et surtout, selon les capacités reproductrices théoriques de l’individu. Cette thèse expose aussi que les juristes français du XVIIIe siècle, suivant la jurisprudence développée par les magistrats du siècle précédent, ont criminalisé indirectement l’hermaphrodisme au moyen de crimes et délits inscrits dans les ordonnances du royaume en l’absence d’une législation royale sur la question. Cette étude offre une nouvelle compréhension de l’organisation sociale de la France d’Ancien Régime sous le prisme d’une histoire de la justice et du genre en illustrant les définitions de la masculinité et de la féminité dans les discours juridiques de professionnels du droit confrontés à l’hermaphrodisme et à l’ambiguïté anatomique.
47
Bienau, Miriam Judith [Verfasser]. "Effects of natural variation in snow depth on growth, flowering phenology and clonal structure of the evergreen dwarf shrub Empetrum hermaphroditum Hagerup / Miriam Judith Bienau." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2016. http://d-nb.info/111743804X/34.
Full text
48
Ingram, Seth. "The Extraordinary Double Body: Images in Literature, Art, and on the Sideshow Stage." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1323292411.
Full text
49
Kowal, Kelley. "Aspects of the Life History of the Snowy Grouper, Epinephelus niveatus, in the Gulf of Mexico." Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3505.
Full textAbstract:
Knowledge of many life history parameters are essential to properly assess and manage fish species. Although the snowy grouper, Epinephelus niveatus, is a commercially valuable fish, which is harvested throughout the Gulf of Mexico, little is known about its age, growth, and reproduction from this region. In this study, snowy grouper from the northern and eastern regions of the Gulf of Mexico were examined primarily using commercially-derived samples that were collected between 1984 and 2004. A total of 1,200 snowy grouper with fork lengths between 242 and 1,190 mm were collected. Sectioned saggital otoliths were used to determine the age of 774 specimens which varied from 1 to 44 years, considerably older than previously recorded. Ninety gonad samples were histologically examined; the sample population consisted of 82 females in various stages of development, 3 males, and 5 transitional fish. Female fish had ages that ranged between 3 to 14 years, with fork lengths from 330 to 880 mm and male fish had ages that were between 17 to 25 years in age, with fork lengths from 955 to 1,080 mm. Transitional fish had ages from 6 to 13 years, with fork lengths from 474 to 930 mm. The results of this study suggest that sexual maturity in females was reached around five or six years, and transition in some fish occurred as early as five years but was observed in older fish. The few males that were collected were older and larger than those fish identified as females. Snowy grouper grow slowly but consistently throughout the first 15 years or up to approximately 1,000 mm in length, at which point growth slows. The von Bertalanffy growth model fitted to all the observed data was L(t) = 1,057 * (1-e-0.0939(t+2.5375)). Snowy grouper recruit into the fishery at around age two, approximately 300 mm fork length. The truncated nature of the age distribution and low number of males collected suggest that snowy grouper in the Gulf of Mexico are likely experiencing overfishing, and more research on the species is necessary to facilitate proper management and conservation.
50
Ribeiro, Ana Claudia Romano. "Sou do país superior : utopia e alegoria na libertina Terra Austral conhecida (1676), de Gabriel de Foigny : tradução e estudo." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/269938.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Carlos Eduardo Ornelas BerrielTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-02T19:50:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ribeiro_AnaClaudiaRomano_D.pdf: 462497191 bytes, checksum: 95a1bcb4a0a455fe962de04edb99c491 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Conteudo: v.1. Estudo ; v.2. Tradução
Resumo: Analisar e traduzir La Terre Australe connue são os objetivos desta tese de doutorado. Segundo "G. de F", narrador do prefácio, La Terre Australe connue é a tradução do relato da viagem de Nicolas Sadeur ao último continente ainda desconhecido no século XVII, chamado nos mapas da época de terra australis incógnita, um lugar aprazível, habitado e totalmente planejado - em todos os seus aspectos - por hermafroditas perfeitamente racionais. Este pseudodocumento é uma utopia literária que foi, em realidade, escrita por Gabriel de Foigny e publicada em Genebra, em 1676, sob falso nome de editor e de cidade. O trabalho está dividido em dois volumes. O volume 1 é dedicado à análise da obra e contém dois capítulos principais. O primeiro trata da definição da utopia como gênero literário partindo do texto paradigmático de Thomas Morus, A Utopia. No segundo capítulo, apresento uma biografia de Gabriel de Foigny, faço uma revisão bibliográfica da crítica já publicada sobre sua utopia para, em seguida, desenvolver minha interpretação da figura do hermafrodita como alegoria da hibridização 1) do poder real absoluto, 2) do Estado absolutista e 3) do panorama religioso francês desta época. Passo em seguida à análise da figura do hermafrodita tal como ela é descrita pelo autor, percebendo que ela se insere na tradição menipéia e luciânica. Na parte seguinte, estudo outros temas relevantes para a compreensão desta utopia: a questão religiosa no capítulo VI ("Da religião dos austrais"), a ciência e a técnica na Terra Austral, o prefácio e o narrador-editor, a temática das línguas e da tradução nesta utopia e, por fim, o libertinismo. Um apêndice é dedicado ao estudo das fontes gregas da utopia. No volume 2 está a tradução para o português, organizada numa edição bilíngue acompanhada de notas.
Abstract: The aim of this doctoral thesis is to analyze and translate La Terre Australe connue. According to "G. de F. ", the narrator of the preface, La Terre Australe connue is the translation of Nicolas Sadeur's voyage account to the last continent still unknown in the 17th Century, called terra australis incognita on the maps of the period, an inhabited place, in all aspects pleasing and totally planned by perfectly rational hermaphrodites. This pseudodocument is a literary Utopia. It was, in fact, written by Gabriel Foigny and published in Geneva in 1676, under a false name of city and editor. The work is divided into two volumes. Volume 1 is dedicated to the analysis of the text and contains two main chapters. The first one deals with the definition of Utopia as a literary genre starting from the paradigmatic text of Thomas More, Utopia. The second brings a biography of Gabriel de Foigny, a review of the published criticism about his Utopia with the purpose of, afterwards, presenting my personal reading of it, based on the figure of the hermaphrodite as an allegory of the hybridization of 1) the absolute royal power, 2) the absolutist state and 3) the religious panorama of 17th Century France. I examine, then, the figure of the hermaphrodite as it is described by the author, observing that it continues the menippean and lucianic tradition. After that, I study other relevant subjects to the understanding of this Utopia: the religious question in Chapter VI ("The religion of the Southern"), science and technology in the Southern Land, the preface and the narrator-editor, the thematics of language and translation in this Utopia and, eventually, the philosophical libertinism. An appendix is devoted to the study of Greek sources of Utopia. In volume 2 we present the Portuguese translation, organized in a bilingual edition, accompanied by notes.
Doutorado
Historia e Historiografia Literaria
Doutor em Teoria e História Literária