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Journal articles on the topic 'Heritage compromises'
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1
Lesh, James P. "From Modern to Postmodern Skyscraper Urbanism and the Rise of Historic Preservation in Sydney, Melbourne, and Perth, 1969-1988." Journal of Urban History 45, no. 1 (November 30, 2017): 126–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144217737063.
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From the late 1960s to the mid-1980s, the Australian city transitioned from modern to postmodern skyscraper urbanism. This article examines three Australian skyscrapers spanning this transition: the Mutual Life & Citizens Assurance Company (MLC) Centre in Sydney (1977), the Rialto Towers in Melbourne (1986), and the Bond Tower in Perth (1988). Despite a backlash against skyscrapers, in part brought about by heritage activists, these prominent and sizable towers were realized in historic environments. With the authorization of heritage regulators and consultants, tower builders made architectural and functional compromises for preservation, to the dissatisfaction of activists. Local and transnational forces coalesced to bring about this mode of skyscraper development, including improved construction technologies, the continued association of towers with boosterism, an intensification of economic processes, and advancements in participatory urbanism. These Australian developments exemplify the changing relationship between postmodern skyscrapers, heritage conservation, and urban planning and design.
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Fedorenko, Artur D. "USING BIM AND POINT CLOUD IN DIGITAL AND OTHER FORMS OF ANASTYLOSIS." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 3, no. 2 (May 21, 2021): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2021-3-2-251-258.
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The relevance of the study lies in the absence of a theoretically developed approach to a concrete understanding of the need for a deeper analysis of the work performed in relation to buildings from the Unified State Register of Cultural Heritage (Historical and Cultural Monuments), the List of Unesco Architectural Heritage Sites and newly identified objects. In the last decade, interest in the architectural heritage in Europe and Russia has increased markedly, but the method of reflection remains reduced to the construction of visual images that mirror today's privileged norms of attitudes towards monuments, (for example, the exhibitions "RUIN LUST" in the British gallery Tate 2014 and "MODERNISM AS A RUIN. An Archeology of the Present” at the General Foundation, Vienna 2009), while theorization of modern approaches to global work with monuments is a rather rare phenomenon. [1] Lack of information in this area often entails irrational financial losses in attempts to preserve ruined objects that do not have a historically confirmed background, in the restoration of destroyed monuments by means of digital anastilosis and in rare adaptive and reconstruction works that go to great compromises.
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Yan, Chengjin, Yuan Cheng, Yue Zhang, Haomin Yu, Jizhong Huang, and Hongbin Yan. "Study on the Applicability of Deterioration Detection Techniques for Sandstone Heritage in Multi Environment using MLP-Attention Model." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-4-2024 (October 21, 2024): 541–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-4-2024-541-2024.
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Abstract. Stone cultural heritage, encompassing a broad spectrum of artifacts such as stone artworks, buildings, tools, and utensils, represents one of the most significant categories of cultural heritage. However, the conservation of these cultural heritage faces challenges from the process of deterioration. This degradation not only compromises the structural integrity of the heritage but also results in the loss of invaluable historical information. Thus, there emerges a critical demand for effective methods to detect and assess the condition of stone cultural heritage, enabling timely and precise conservation interventions. Here we obtained sandstone samples under different deteriorative environments through laboratory-simulated deterioration experiments and employed a variety of detection technologies to capture a series of changes in the deterioration detection parameters during the sandstone deterioration process. Subsequently, a deep learning model was established to correlate the detection parameters with the degree of stone deterioration. A SHAP analysis was then conducted to determine the contribution of various parameters to the degree of stone weathering under different experimental environments, providing recommendations for selecting appropriate detection technologies and indicators adapted to different deterioration environments. To further analyze the deterioration processes of the stone samples, XRD analysis was conducted to observe changes in mineral composition throughout the deterioration process. SEM images were utilized to examine the changes in micro-morphology and the internal pore structure associated with deterioration. This study provides a basis for the scientific design of deterioration detection schemes by selecting the most suitable testing technology for optimal deterioration assessment under specific environmental conditions.
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Saba, Manuel, Gabriel Elías Chanchí Golondrino, and Leydy Karina Torres-Gil. "A Critical Assessment of the Current State and Governance of the UNESCO Cultural Heritage Site in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia." Heritage 6, no. 7 (July 18, 2023): 5442–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage6070287.
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The port, fortresses, and monuments of Cartagena were included in the UNESCO World Heritage list in 1984. Nevertheless, since 2017 they are threatened to be categorized as “in Danger” by UNESCO. This research analyzes two main critical aspects, governance and the current state of the site. This study applies an innovative interdisciplinary methodology that merges empirical and scientific approaches to evaluate the governance of Cartagena’s heritage (causes) and its impact on the current state of the tangible cultural heritage (effects). Methodologically, secondary information is used to study governance. The study aims to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in the UNESCO site governance. Exemplary heritage management systems are studied to propose an adaptable management approach specifically for Cartagena. Over the past five years, qualitative data collected through field observations, along with a photographic report, have revealed significant issues stemming from insufficient heritage management. These problems have rarely been addressed in the existing literature. Furthermore, a quantitative approach was taken by analyzing hyperspectral images obtained from a previous study to identify vegetation and asbestos-cement roofs within the cultural heritage site. It takes a unique perspective by investigating the root causes rather than superficial issues. The study comprehensively analyzes various factors, including material degradation, vehicular traffic, environmental elements, urban structure, and architectural integrity, forming an interconnected framework with governance problems. This research offers a broader perspective that considers complex reality and goes beyond isolated problems and solutions. The study reveals that the ambiguity surrounding decision-making authority for heritage management, distributed between the Mayor’s Office and the Ministry of Culture, is a primary challenge. The lack of coordinated action significantly compromises the conservation and protection of the cultural heritage Site. Moreover, twelve current shortcomings of cultural heritage in Cartagena are identified through the authors’ five-year on-site regular visits, photographic reports, and observation. To address the prevailing concerns, a new line of command for cultural heritage management is proposed as the most effective means of tackling these challenges. Additionally, general recommendations are presented to mitigate the existing problems and prevent the classification of Cartagena’s heritage as “at risk” by UNESCO in the near future. Although, each problem identified would need a research project ad hoc to be fully addressed. This research provides a scientific perspective, drawing upon years of experience studying heritage and residing in the city, devoid of political influences or conflicts of interest.
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Safarian, Valery Vitalevich. "The origin and formation of socio-economic relations between Russia and Armenia." RUDN Journal of Public Administration 6, no. 3 (December 15, 2019): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8313-2019-6-3-243-250.
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This article, dedicated to the 190th anniversary of the accession of Western Armenia to the Russian Empire, is aimed at drawing attention to the monumentality of this historical event, characterized by the comprehensive development of Russian-Armenian relations. It focuses on such important aspects as the possibility of compromises in the process of allied associations for the benefit of further cooperation, the construction of joint socio-economic steps, the development of a common cultural heritage, defense, etc. An important part of the article is the consideration of the evolution of Russian-Armenian relations up to the beginning of the 21st century including the main milestones and events that influenced the relations under consideration are highlighted.
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Sripaoraya, Kanit. "The Kelantan Mak Yong: Dancing Towards a Compromise Between Culture and Religion." Harmonia: Journal of Arts Research and Education 22, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/harmonia.v22i1.34913.
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Throughout the timeless centuries before the modern era, the people of the proud state of Kelantan enjoyed ‘Mak Yong,’ a traditional form of entertainment. The ‘Mak Yong’ performance brought the people together to view this folk dance-drama, largely because it was created by their ancestors and represented continuity and cultural heritage. This dance also served to heal illness, performed by mixed-gender entertainers. Significantly, this authentic performance was worldly inscribed in 2008 on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. However, due to the interpretation of the politicized religious aspect of Kelantan state government, this performance was reconstructed by eliminating the female components. The new form of male Mak Yong was created. This research aims to discuss the contemporary issue of Kelantan Mak Yong and to propose the safeguarding method that compromises between culture and religion by reflecting the lessons learned from three participation anthropological fieldworks as a Mak Yong practitioner, a traditional dance-drama researcher, and a traditional dance-drama lecturer from 2014 until the present day. This study applied multi-disciplinary approaches such as performing arts and dance studies, anthropology, and gender analysis to investigate and collect the data. The results found that, instead of eliminating the female components, Kelantan Mak Yong can be utilized as a means for cultivating gendered behaviour, inculcating the religious doctrine, transmitting the moral-coded, and enhancing self-empowerment for Kelantan society by incorporating the guideline of the state arts policy (Dasar Kesenian Kelantan) to the performance’s components.
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Gusman, Chamusca, Fernandes, and Pinto. "Culture and Tourism in Porto City Centre: Conflicts and (Im)Possible Solutions." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 15, 2019): 5701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205701.
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City centres are spaces where different economic and cultural values converge as a consequence of their current uses and functions. In the case of Porto (Portugal), more than 20 years after being declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO (in 1996), tourism has had remarkable effects on its physical, social and economic features. Therefore, Porto—and in particular its city centre—is taken in this article as the object of study. The interest of this space lies in the fact that it has been rapidly transformed from a devalued old area into the centre of an important urban tourism destination on a European level. Based on the spatial and temporal analysis of a set of indicators related to tourism, housing and economic activity, we identify the main threats that this “culture-led regeneration”—much supported by tourism—could have on the cultural values of Porto. Our results show that this process is promoting an excessive use of space by tourism and an overexploitation of cultural values. We conclude with some policy recommendations to support strategies capable of keeping cultural values alive, which we consider sustainable compromises between heritage and modernization.
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Organ, Samantha. "The opportunities and challenges of improving the condition and sustainability of a historic building at an international tourist attraction in the UK." International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation 38, no. 2 (June 12, 2019): 329–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbpa-09-2018-0076.
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Purpose Heritage tourism has become increasingly popular, and improving the sustainability of such sites is essential both nationally and internationally. The purpose of this paper is to explore the opportunities and challenges of improving the condition and sustainability of a chapel at a busy international heritage tourist attraction. Design/methodology/approach A case study approach was adopted. This utilised interviews with four of the primary building professionals involved with the refurbishment project. Documentary analysis and observations were also used. Findings The present case study presents the opportunities and challenges faced by a tourist heritage attraction. Improvements to the condition and sustainability of such assets are essential to ensure their sustained and enhanced use, and the protection of heritage buildings. Such projects create opportunities to increase knowledge and understanding about these assets as well as enhancing opportunities for meaning making for visitors. The paper highlights the importance of a strong leader and a balanced team working towards common objectives. Further, whilst synergies between conservation and sustainability exist, there are also tensions and compromises. Research limitations/implications This case study highlights the opportunities and challenges of improving the condition and sustainability of built cultural heritage at a tourist attraction. Opportunities included increased knowledge and understanding about the heritage asset; enhancement of values for present and future generations; improved condition, increased usability; and increased sustainability. Challenges were: team turnover; delays resulting from archaeological findings; previous work resulting in building defects; the existing building condition; and unfamiliarity and the uncertainty regarding particular measures. Practical implications The practical implications of this case study include ensuring clear project objectives and a balanced project team are in place. These should be enhanced by a good system of information recording throughout the project to limit the impact of staff absence. Good communication within the team and with external members such as manufacturers will reduce the impact of unfamiliar products and aid in decision making. Future research should explore whether these findings are applicable to other heritage tourist attractions, and whether visitors’ narrative encounters with the asset change following a sustainability improvement project. Originality/value Limited research has been previously performed on improving the sustainability of built cultural heritage at tourist attractions. This research investigates the opportunities and challenges facing building professionals in improving such heritage assets. The improvement of heritage tourist attractions requires careful consideration. Whilst they need to be conserved for future generations, increasing the sustainability of such assets is essential to ensure their continued usability.
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Salaberry, M. Rafael. "‘transformative’ potential of translanguaging and other heteroglossic educational practices." Journal of Multilingual Theories and Practices 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 266–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/jmtp.16459.
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Over the last few decades, there has been an increased awareness about imprecise, inaccurate and, thus, unfair conceptualisations of language based on monoglossic views of language that delegitimise the linguistic repertoire of multilingual minorities as is the case of heritage speakers of Spanish in the US or speakers of Lingua Franca English worldwide. At the same time, there are theoretical and educational proposals that offer new conceptualisations of multilingualism focused on the concept of heteroglossia, which, in contrast with monoglossic views, focuses our attention on the fluid and full use of all linguistic resources available to language learners/users as they engage in the process of interacting with their interlocutors. In the present paper, I describe an important challenge that compromises the valuable agenda of heteroglossic approaches to develop multilingualism: the effect of listeners’ biases and reverse linguistic stereotyping. That is, educational programmes designed to counteract the negative effect of monoglossic approaches to second language learning in general cannot adopt a segregationist approach (neither in their theoretical design nor in their practical implementation). To place this challenge in context, I describe in detail the specific example of Spanish heritage second language learners at the tertiary level of education in the US setting and I also provide a broad outline of potential improvements in the curricular design of such programmes.
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Berlinger, Gabrielle A. "Balancing Memory and Material at the Lower East Side Tenement Museum." Museum Anthropology Review 12, no. 1 (January 17, 2018): 14–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/mar.v12i1.13502.
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Abstract: Founded in a nationally landmarked apartment building on the ever-gentrifying Lower East Side of Manhattan, New York, the Lower East Side Tenement Museum is an historic site of immigrant social history and material culture. Constructed in 1864 and occupied by over 7,000 immigrants until its closing in 1935, this building has withstood constantly rising visitorship each year since its opening as a museum in 1988. With apartment spaces restored for the public to explore without roped-off restriction, this time capsule of domestic immigrant life requires continual maintenance to preserve its historic physical fabric. Through interviews with the Museum staff and the Preservation Advisory Committee (conservators, architectural historians, curators), as well as documentation of technical processes carried out in the preservation process, this ethnographic study investigates the questions and compromises that arise in the preservation of the tangible and intangible heritage contained within an historic structure in constant use. Which narratives are reconstructed through the Museum’s decisions to restore certain material features of the building while allowing others to decay? What are best practices for interpretation and preservation when a museum’s success results in the gradual destruction of its main artifact (the building) through use? This study explores the intersection of museum mission and practice, heritage construction, and historic preservation at a site both sustained and destroyed by its increasing success.
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Erlingsdóttir, Irma. "La politique de neutralité. L’Histoire terrible mais inachevée de Norodom Sihanouk." Milli mála 10, no. 1 (2018): 35–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33112/millimala.10.3.
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The article explores Hélène Cixous’s 1985 play The Terrible Unfinished Story of Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia (L´Histoire terrible mais inachevée de Norodom Sihanouk roi du Cambodge) by focusing on Cixous’s portrayal of Sihanouk and her interpretation of Cambodia’s history with references to the country’s civil conflict, the Cold War, and the Vietnam War. The article seeks to historicize the play by placing it within the context of contemporary political works on Cambodian history. As embedded in the play’s metanarrative and its contemporary metaphor of human suffering, special attention is paid to Cambodia’s power struggles, both internationally and within its own borders. The emphasis is on the tension between Cixous’s portrayal of Sihanouk as the paternal protector of Cambodia’s “eternal cultural heritage” and his political compromises with internal (the Khmer Rouge) and external (the United States, China, North Vietnam) actors. From a broader perspective, an additional focus is on the conflict between traditionalism and modernization, imperialism and resistance, and territoriality and exile.
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Rosado, Ana C., and Miguel Reimão Costa. "The Contribution of Typological Studies to the Integrated Rehabilitation of Traditional Buildings: Heritage Enhancement of Urban Centres in Inner Alentejo, Portugal." Architecture 4, no. 1 (January 5, 2024): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/architecture4010004.
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The urban centres of inland Alentejo (southern Portugal) have long faced a depopulation crisis which, besides undermining the cohesion of the communities, compromises the conservation of the architectural heritage. The tendency to apply the discourses on tourism and population pressures from coastal cities to these inland territories can be detrimental to their analysis given the sheer difference in demographic dynamics. Transformations in traditional architecture—a key facet for defining these historic urban landscapes—require analysing within this social context. The imperative need to rehabilitate traditional buildings, endowing them with the living conditions communities today require, must be guided by morphological analysis, knowledge of housing history, typologies, and traditional construction techniques. This rehabilitation concept integrates into the transformation processes that traditional architecture has been undergoing for centuries, constituting adaptable and flexible structures across their organisational variants, which should be studied through a prospective approach. The article characterises the transformation of urban domestic architecture in the region, from the early modern period to the present. The results of various research projects are summarised, gathering over 500 cases. The conclusion argues that the historical process itself results in a set of themes, tools, and opportunities for these buildings’ adaptation to current needs.
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Edwards, B., B. B. Edwards, S. Griffiths, F. F. Reynolds, A. Stanford, and M. Woods. "The Bryn Celli Ddu Minecraft Experience." Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage 14, no. 2 (June 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3427913.
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This article explores the technical and interpretative issues surrounding the creation of a Minecraft Education Edition world for use by primary age school children (5–11 years). The project team undertook to create a Minecraft version of the prehistoric landscape surrounding the Neolithic passage tomb of Bryn Celli Ddu, Anglesey, Wales, United Kingdom. The workflow described here details the process from the initial aims of the project, designed to integrate heritage and STEM education; through the processing of lidar data to create the topography of the world; through the archaeological reconstruction; and then final release. An understanding of the workflow is particularly important for researchers and educators because the successful delivery of our aims resulted in a number of technical obstacles inherent in creating a Minecraft world when a designer is required to navigate several versions of the program—Java architecture, C++ architecture, and the Education Edition—and explains workarounds developed to overcome these issues. The article also considers the interpretative compromises required to translate complex archaeological remains into an accessible and engaging experience for school children set within the strictures of a program that allows a maximum physical resolution of a 1 × 1 m voxel block.
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Zihove, Tendai. "The Dilemma of the Presence of Great Zimbabwe Hotel within the Great Zimbabwe Monuments Cultural Landscape." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VIII, no. V (2024): 242–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2024.805017.
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The paper investigates how the introduction of the Great Zimbabwe Hotel (GZH) within the Great Zimbabwe Monuments (GZM) cultural landscape, create tensions within the area in postcolonial period. In particular it focuses on the tensions between the Great Zimbabwe Hotel and its neighbours namely the Great Zimbabwe Monuments and the local community surrounding the GZM cultural landscape. The Great Zimbabwe Hotel is one of the developments which was added to the Great Zimbabwe cultural landscape by the colonialists and is contributing to some challenges being currently faced within the landscape. This paper explores the evolution of tensions between the Great Zimbabwe Hotel and its neighbours, patterns and trends of the tension and the impact of the tensions on heritage conservation. In investigating this issue, National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe (NMMZ) Act; semi-structured interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) were employed in order to understand the impact of the hotel on the cultural landscape. The paper seeks to understand how the hotel’s presence within the landscape creates conflicts in that area. The study proposes that the hotel’s presence in the cultural landscape compromises relations that locals have with their environment.
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Barreau, Jean-Baptiste, Joëlle Jouneau, Christophe Charlet, Ghyslain Ferré, and Jérémie Robert. "Digitization, Virtual Reality and Robotic Sculpture for the Preservation and Enhancement of the Public Heritage of the Sculpted Rocks of Rothéneuf." Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage 15, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3522595.
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The sculpted rocks of Rothéneuf, located between St-Malo and Cancale, are one of Brittany’s best-known spontaneous environments in the form of monumental sculptures in the Outsider art. They were made between the end of 1894 and 1907 by “Abbé Adolphe Julien Fouéré”, known as “Abbé Fouré” (1839–1910), and range from bas-relief to fully exposed faces. The site welcomes tens of thousands of visitors each year. Old photographs of the sculpted rocks, the “Abbé Fouré” and his Hermitage have been digitized and can be consulted on the internet. “Abbé Fouré” also produced wooden sculptures which he kept in a hermitage with a garden which was transformed after his death into a museum in the village. The wooden works disappeared at an unspecified date. The hermitage has also been extensively modified since that time. The sculpted rocks of the site are increasingly eroded by maritime conditions (salt, wind, water spray and run-off), mosses and lichens, as well as by the frequentation of the site (repeated passage of visitors). This erosion seriously compromises the legibility of the sculptures, which are clearly seriously altered when compared with old photographs of the site. Created in 2010, the association Les “Amis de l’Œuvre de l’Abbé Fouré” has set itself the mission of memory: to make the “Abbé Fouré” known. The association organizes exhibitions, guided walks and other events to promote the site and Outsider art. A collaboration between this association, a national school of land surveyors and a public research organization has led to the creation of a methodology combining virtual reconstitution and real reproduction by robotic sculpture. This is now presented in an interpretation centre to seal the dissemination and preservation process.
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Strange, Carolyn. "THE BATTLEFIELDS OF PERSONAL AND PUBLIC MEMORY: COMMEMORATING THE BATTLE OF SARATOGA (1777) IN THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 14, no. 2 (April 2015): 194–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781414000796.
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AbstractThe commemoration of the Battle of Saratoga (1777) a century after the pivotal Revolutionary victory illuminates the imbrication of public and personal memory in the politics of late nineteenth-century patriotic commemoration. The fiscal challenges faced by the white elites who stewarded the project and the compromises they were forced to make expose the uncertainties of public commemorative projects, a theme overlooked in foundational scholarship on patriotic public memory. Given the frequent failure of monument projects in an era before governments led heritage planning, the significance of individuals to the fulfillment of ambitions warrants greater consideration. Using a microhistorical approach, this paper analyzes the Saratoga Monument Board members’ ambitions, promotional strategies, and improvisations, prompted in part by an issue unique to this Battle: how to deal with Benedict Arnold's significant role in the Americans’ victory over the English? The Board's sole female trustee, Ellen Hardin Walworth, confronted a similar challenge: how to remake her life after surviving a scandalous domestic tragedy? The interweaving of their stories and strategies highlights the ways in which the cultivation of Revolutionary memory served both political and personal attempts at reconstruction without fully managing to resolve the conflicted past. Thus, scholars must factor individuals’ unique connections to the past into the broader structural characteristics of patriotic commemoration in histories of public memory and its orchestration.
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Forte, Angelo D. M. "A Great Future Behind it? Scottish Commercial Law and the Millenium." European Review of Private Law 2, Issue 3/4 (December 1, 1994): 375–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl1994042.
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Abstract. Has Scottish commercial law become Anglicised and lost its separate identity? The major exponents of the ‘civilian’ school of thought, with their emphasis on Roman Law, thought that it had but that the victim might still be rescued provided Scots lawyers remembered their civilian heritage. This paper challenges the view that a civilian and Romanist approach has anything to offer modem Scottish commercial lawyers. It argues that economic imperatives outweight nationalist and parochial arguments and that not only Scots but also English commercial law has to make compromises. The paper also asserts the importance of marketing commercial law and argues that, in this respect, Scottish lawyers have shown themselves to be no less adept than their English counterparts. Far from being moribund, Scottish commercial law is thriving and vigorous and, most importantly, relevant to the needs of commerce in the UK, Europe, and beyond. Résumé. Le droit commercial écossais a-t-il commencé à être anglicisé et a-t-il de ce fait perdu son identitité? Les principaux tenants de l’école de pensée civiliste, qui insistent sur leur héritage romaniste, le pensent mais estiment que la victime pourrait en être sauvée si les juristes écossais se souvenaient de leur héritage civiliste. Le présent article défend l’idée selon laquelle une approche civiliste et romaniste a encore aujourd’hui quelque chose à offrir aux commercialistes écossais. Il y est en particulier soutenu que les impératifs économiques ont plus de poids que les arguments provinciaux et nationalistes et que ce n’est pas seulement le droit commercial écossais, mais aussi le droit anglais, qui doivent faire des compromis. L’auteur mentionne en outre l’importance du droit commercial relatif au marché et soutient à cet égard les juristes écossais ont montré qu’ils n’étaient pas moins habiles que leurs confrères anglais. Loin d’être moribond, le droit commercial écossais démontre ainsi sa vigueur et, ce qui est plus important, se révèle adapté aux besoins du commerce en Grande-Bretagne, en Europe, et au-delà.
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Busisiwe-Mazibuko, Ellen, Ayanda McHunu, and Siyabulela Nyikana. "Revisiting and integrating residents' perceptions towards tourism development in urban areas." Turizam 27, no. 4 (2023): 236–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/turizam27-45327.
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This study sought to determine residents' perceptions of tourism development and the subsequent impacts of tourism in South Africa. Tourism's impacts on residents have been a topical issue in existing literature given that they can offer guidance for planners in terms of development trajectories. This is because tourism is widely associated with both negative and positive impacts on residents, depending on the destination's life cycle and other factors. Thus, Soweto, as South Africa's most visited township and a place where tourism is seen as a strategic tool for socioeconomic development, was selected as an ideal case study for this research. A positivist, quantitative research approach was employed in targeting residents (n=241) using a systematic random sampling method. Data was analyzed through IBM SPSS 24, and key findings revealed that, on the whole, residents are involved directly or indirectly in tourism and generally support its development. Additionally, it was found that residents have largely positive feelings towards tourism and its development in the area although nuances were there regarding tourism recently highlighting the economic gaps between the poor and the rich. The government was also criticized for failing to increase education about tourism among residents so that they could effectively benefit from it. It was also suggested that tourism compromises the authenticity of heritage and cultural activities in the area whilst also resulting in the increased prices of goods and services for locals.
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Rahman, Ananya. "Online Luxury Consumer’s Brands Loyalty among Bangladeshi Women in East London." Transnational Business and Management 1, no. 2 (December 22, 2023): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/tbm.v1i2.3198.
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The advent of advanced technology has revolutionized online business, significantly impacting the luxury clothing market. Women of Bangladeshi heritage in East London, initially sceptical about online purchases, have embraced the convenience of upgraded technology. Past studies assert that a substantial portion of purchases is now conducted online. This shift is attributed to online shopping’s accessibility, flexibility, and features such as cash refunds, absent in physical stores. For the fashion industry, online business proves strategic, expanding growth and success. However, existing literature overlooks issues like transaction complexities and potential data compromises in online shopping. This case study investigates brand loyalty and customer satisfaction among East London’s immigrant women in online luxury clothing purchases. The findings reveal the strong influence of luxury brands on women, emphasizing the need for continuous innovation. Diversity in consumer perceptions necessitates brand attention for sustained growth. Women allocate more budget to luxury clothing, signalling an opportunity for brands to expand collections. Quality emerges as a key factor, urging brands to refine quality control. Strong brand loyalty among women suggests effective business strategies and enduring customer relationships. The study highlights the increasing preference for online shopping, driven by factors like diverse products and free delivery. These insights guide luxury brands in tailoring strategies for customer satisfaction and sustained success. The complex dynamics of women’s perceptions, preferences, and behaviours in the luxury fashion market offer nuanced insights for strategic adaptation. Continuous improvement, diversification, and targeted marketing on digital platforms are recommended for sustained brand success.
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Peštek, Almir, and Merima Činjarević. "Tourist perceived image of local cuisine: the case of Bosnian food culture." British Food Journal 116, no. 11 (October 28, 2014): 1821–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-01-2014-0046.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the underlying dimensions of local cuisine image by identifying the key cuisine attributes tourists rely on in their evaluations of local cuisine; and to identify those dimensions of local cuisine image which have the strongest influence of tourist satisfaction with food experience. These issues are addressed within the context of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an emergent tourism market in Western Balkans. Design/methodology/approach – The research is exploratory. The city of Sarajevo was chosen as a study setting. Image of local cuisine was measured by using a multi-attribute approach in which several food attributes are specified and incorporated into the measurement instrument. Data from convenience sample of foreign tourists (n=402) were quantitatively analyzed using multivariate and descriptive statistics. Findings – Results suggest that the local cuisine image compromises four components (dimensions): “food uniqueness and cultural heritage”, “food quality and price”, “nutrition and health benefits of food” and “affective image of food”. Furthermore, findings show that these dimensions differ in terms of their relative importance in explaining the overall tourist satisfaction with food experience. Research limitations/implications – The main limitation of this study is related to the geographical area (tourist site) where the research process was carried out. Thus, future research with greater geographical scope is required. Practical implications – This study provides valuable insight to practitioners who are seeking to integrate local food (cuisine) into the tourism product. Originality/value – This paper is the one of the first study that tries to identify perceived image of local cuisine held by visitors in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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Golovlev, Alexander. "Political Control, Administrative Simplicity, or Economies of Scale? Four Cases of the Reunification of Nationalized Theatres in Russia, Germany, Austria, and France (1918–45)." New Theatre Quarterly 38, no. 2 (April 20, 2022): 107–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x22000021.
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In 1917–18, the new republican governments of Russia, Germany, and Austria nationalized their former court property. A monarchic-turned-national heritage of prestigious opera and dramatic theatres weighed heavily on national and regional budgets, prompting first attempts to create centralized forms of theatre governance. In a second wave of theatre reorganization in the mid-1930s, the Soviet government created ‘union theatres’ under a Committee for Arts Affairs; the German and Austrian theatres underwent the Nazi Gleichschaltung (1933–35 and 1938); and France, a ‘democratic outlier’, opted for nationalizing the Opéra and Opéra-Comique under the Réunion des théâtres lyriques nationaux. These conglomerates have so far been little studied as historically specific forms of theatre management, particularly from a comparative, trans-regime perspective. What balance can be struck between economic, political, and ‘artistic’ costs and benefits? How does ‘Baumol’s law’ of decreasing theatre profitability apply to these very different politico-economic systems, as well as to war economies? Dictatorships reveal an economic seduction power, while this essay argues for confirming a long-term ‘great European convergence’ of state-centred theatre management, internal structure, and accountability, both in peace and war. Here, the stated goals and short-term contingencies yielded to trends originating from the logic of theatre production itself, and the compromises that the state, theatre professionals, and the public accepted in exchange for the capital of prestige. Alexander Golovlev (PhD, European University Institute in Florence, 2017) is a senior research fellow at the HSE Institute for Advanced Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies at the University of Moscow. His recent publications include, for New Theatre Quarterly, ‘Theatre Policies of Soviet Stalinism and Italian Fascism Compared, 1920–1940s’ (2019), and ‘Balancing the Books and Staging Operas under Duress: Bolshoi Theatre Management, Wartime Economy, and State Sponsorship in 1941–1945’, Russian History XLVII, No. 4 (2020).
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Devecchi, Marco. "Production innovation and environmental protection in the management of rural landscapes: the UNESCO vineyard landscapes of Langhe-Roero and Monferrato." E3S Web of Conferences 119 (2019): 00014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911900014.
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In Italy, the landscape appears more and more as the essential element of a sustainable economic development linked to environmental peculiarities and food excellence. In agriculture, the winning aspect of production is no longer measured, in fact, in merely “organoleptic” terms, but also through the issues of environmental protection and care and careful landscape management, as a cornerstone of quality and typical products. In this regard,production - in a broad sense related to wellbeing and leisure, as well as wine - absolutely needs places identifying it, since its value is intimately connected with the quality of the original rural landscapes. These landscapes - that still today represent an element of strong characterization of the single territorial realities - are those that denote a balanced intervention of man on the natural elements; they are those that offer a clear presence of historical signs and legible links between structure and land use. In recent years, agriculture appears to be increasingly responsible for carrying out a plurality of functions, in addition to the acknowledged traditional ones. The maintenance of the hydrogeological structure, the preservation of landscapes with significanthistorical-cultural values, and the maintenance of biodiversity are all the more important. In this perspective,farmers can certainly contribute to conserving and effectively producing high quality landscapes, through a careful “care” of the land in which they work, so as to maintain and strengthen the characteristics of formal quality and historical identity, by avoiding scrupulously useless compromises. A case study of great interest to verify the concreteness and general applicability of this type of reasoning is represented in Piedmont by the territories of Langhe-Roero and Monferrato, recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in 2014, where there are interesting research and experimentation activities in the fields of agricultural sustainability and territorial planning.
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Ng, Mee-Kam, Luan Feng, Yiyun Wang, Sheng Zhong, Jian Zhou, Weibin Liu, and Mee-kam Ng. "Tales from Two Chinese Cities: The Dragon's Awakening to Conservation in face of Growth? Debates and Compromises: Conservation and Development of the Northern Old Hongkou in Shanghai Historic Conservation and Economic Development: Are They Necessarily Rivals?—The Case of Suzhou Creek Industrial Heritage in Shanghai Heritage Conservation in China's “Instant City”—Shenzhen." Planning Theory & Practice 10, no. 2 (June 2009): 267–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14649350902884854.
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Denney, Chelsey. "Compromise, Commonhold and the Common Heritage of Mankind." International Institute of Space Law 63, no. 2 (December 2020): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.5553/iisl/2020063002010.
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Andronov, Ilya Evgenyevich. "POLITICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL IDEAS OF VINCENZO GIOBERTI (1801–1852)." LOMONOSOV HISTORY JOURNAL 65, no. 2024, №1 (September 26, 2024): 26–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.55959/msu0130-0083-8-2024-65-1-26-40.
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Th e study of Vincenzo Gioberti’s ideological and political heritage, his views on the nature of Italian unity allows us to take a new look at his growing popularity among today’s Italian politicians of the federalist wing. Contemporary historiography and socio-political debates present Gioberti as one of the central characters of the Risorgimento. Among the reasons for this are the crisis of traditional federalism and relative decline in popularity of the ideological reference points of the recent past. One of Gioberti’s most important actualized theses is the establishment of a self-suffi cient philosophical thought in Italy; another newly sounding idea is the preeminent role of the Catholic Church in reconciling the ambitions of regional elites. Th e article shows that the understanding of these and some other theses of Gioberti nowadays diff ers quite signifi cantly from the meaning that the thinker put into them, and it is dictated by the political conjuncture. Th is phenomenon is also not new. Th e application of ideas expressed in the mid-nineteenth century specifi c situation to other temporal and political contexts makes it diffi cult to understand the philosopher’s works and leads to distortions in their interpretation. Th e fi gure of Gioberti as a link between Italian social thought and French Romanticism has been insuffi ciently studied. Comparing his project of the federalist structure of the future Italy with other similar projects of the Risorgimento allows us to identify the most important individual feature. In the 1840s the main political problem of Italy was seen as the contradiction between the need to unite the forces of the nation and the presence of several sovereigns, regional elites and local patriotism. Awareness of a number of obstacles to the political unifi cation of the country led thinkers to propose various ways to go beyond this contradiction on the basis of political compromises and overcoming immediate diffi culties. Gioberti’s federalism, on the other hand, was founded on the combination of the federalist ideal with an advanced philosophical doctrine. Th is made his theory unsuitable for political application, but it is an attractive aspect when studying the philosopher’s legacy at the present stage.
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ALEKSEENKO, Vassily N., and Oksana B. ZHILENKO. "PRESERVATION OF AUTHENTICITY AND ADAPTATION OF AN OBJECT OF CULTURAL HERITAGE - COMPROMISE OR CONFLICT." Urban construction and architecture 11, no. 1 (December 15, 2021): 4–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2021.01.1.
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The issue of carrying out repair and restoration works of the cultural heritage object of the XIX century “Building of the Noble Assembly” in Simferopol and its adaptation to a new functional purpose with the preservation of authenticity is considered. As a rule, the original purpose of the building loses its relevance, the adaptation of the object to new functions is sometimes the only way to preserve the object of cultural heritage. Such objects need an integrated approach not only in assessing the technical condition, ensuring a suffi cient level of safe operation, but also in complex microclimatic studies to ensure a comfortable future use. Adaptation of a cultural heritage site with underestimation of microclimatic parameters leads to a confl ict of authenticity and comfort. The article presents the results of a survey of the 19th century cultural heritage site “The Building of the Noble Assembly” in Simferopol with an assessment of its technical condition. Recommendations have been developed for strengthening the load-bearing structures of the building, allowing for further safe operation, while maintaining its authenticity.
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Othuman Mydin, Md Azree, Shafarina Jasme, Mohd Nasrun Mohd Nawi, Nangkula Utaberta, and Mohd Yazid Mohd Yunos. "Legal Provision Allied to Conservation of Heritage Buildings in Penang." Applied Mechanics and Materials 747 (March 2015): 198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.747.198.
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Heritage culture and building in Penang have become among value asset in Malaysia. George Town inner cities most treasure architecture are located and can divided into several zone, it culture has been moulded by the succession of civilization that arrive and shaped its urban growth. Heritage building in the inner city exposes the sense of compromise between the pioneers, earlier settlers and later immigrants. The significant heritage character of George Town, Penang is reflect upon the predominant pre war buildings, the heritage buildings dates back to between late eighteen century and early nineteenth century. This paper will consider on Penang as World Heritage City, the conservation of the buildings in Penang and also legal provision related to conservation of heritage buildings in Penang.
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Viki, Najmeh H., and Howayda Al-Harithy. "Cultural Heritage-Led Regeneration of Historic Cities: A Strategic Intervention for the Metropolis of Tehran." International Journal of Islamic Architecture 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2024): 205–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ijia_00134_1.
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The metropolis of Tehran presents the typical urban challenge of a historic city that has undergone several urban evolutions and faces a decline and loss of cultural heritage. This article illustrates how state-driven urban development plans have compromised the integration of cultural heritage and blurred the image of the city. Tehran has a wealth of cultural heritage sites that call for exploring alternative approaches to urban development and regeneration. In response to this critical inquiry, a design intervention is proposed to consolidate cultural heritage within the planning framework and socio-economic development of the city. The design proposes activating and integrating sites of cultural heritage into the cityscape by presenting cultural heritage as a catalyst for urban regeneration. This can foster an inclusive historical narrative, and strengthen the city’s imageability.
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Zhang, Menghan, Yue Yu, Meizi Liu, and Jingyi Liu. "Opportunities for China’s Agricultural Heritage Systems under the “Digital Nomadism” Trend—A Stakeholder-Weighted Approach." Sustainability 16, no. 7 (March 31, 2024): 2918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16072918.
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Agricultural heritage systems are appreciated worldwide for their significant environmental and cultural values. However, the sustainability of these systems has been compromised by environmental issues due to intensive human activities and socio-economic changes. Research has noticed that “digital nomadism” is providing a new opportunity for the sustainable development and transformation of these systems, regarded as “digital nomad-friendly” destinations. Nevertheless, comprehensive research on this new trend has been limited except for a few individual case studies. This study is the first to investigate the sustainable development of agricultural heritages considering the growing phenomenon of digital nomadism on a large scale. Based on in-depth stakeholder interviews, we introduced the Digital Nomad-Friendly (DNF) score—a comprehensive indicator system chosen and weighted by stakeholders. The DNF scores of 189 China National Important Agricultural Heritage System (China-NIAHS) sites were evaluated, and their distributions were analyzed on a national scale in China. The results highlight the importance of natural landscape and cultural value in the eyes of digital nomads, particularly emphasizing aesthetic landscape features, climatic suitability, and a community atmosphere. Sites with the highest DNF scores are located mostly in the Zhejiang and Yunnan provinces, sharing characteristics that appeal to digital nomads. The DNF scores exhibit regional variations, with high-DNF-score sites being concentrated in southwestern and southeastern China. By enhancing our understanding of digital nomads’ preferences and the influencing factors, this study provides valuable insights for the environmental management, policymaking, and sustainable development of China-NIAHS sites considering contemporary environmental and social changes.
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Nikolić, Sara. "Pasteloza – refurbishing of the PPR heritage." Urban Development Issues 63, no. 1 (October 10, 2019): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/udi-2019-0016.
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Abstract Colourful zigzags, arcade game motifs, geometric figures, pseudo-frames of windows and even infantile drawings of flora and fauna – those are just some of the visible symptoms of the aesthetical and urbanistic chaotic condition also known as Polish pasteloza. One of the most common readings is that the excuse of thermal insulation is being (ab)used in order to radically erase the urbanistic, cultural and political heritage of Polish People’s Republic (PPR) from the city landscape. On the other hand, inhabitants of ‘pastelized’ housing estates claim to be satisfied not only with the insulation but also with their role in decision-making processes. A sense of alienation from one’s home seems to have gone away, together with the centralized state administration, and it is being replaced by citizen participation. The possibility of vindication of pasteloza’s ‘crimes against aesthetics’ will be deliberated in this paper – in order to pave a path for more complex understanding of this phenomenon that could offer a solution for achieving a compromise between aesthetics and civic participation in post-transition processes.
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Lou, Eric C. W., Paul W. Chan, and Noraini Hamzah. "Heritage adaptation beyond the technical: conflicts and compromise between social, environmental and economic sustainability." International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation 38, no. 2 (February 25, 2020): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbpa-04-2020-112.
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Saifi, Yara, Hülya Yüceer, and Yonca Hürol. "Revisiting the Conditions of Authenticity for Built Heritage in Areas of Conflict." Heritage 4, no. 2 (May 17, 2021): 811–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4020045.
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This article examines the application of conditions of authenticity within the context of built heritage management in areas of political conflict, where heritage management can be seen as a political act rather than a means of protection. It focuses on values attributed to built heritage that can be targeted or reinvented by the dominant power in areas of conflict with minorities being powerless to intervene. The argument is built around the Agios Synesios Church in North Cyprus, which continued to be used by the Greek Cypriot minority following the island division in 1974. Although their way of life has been compromised, they have embraced forced change through using the church to maintain their ritual and religious practices; by doing so, they negotiate their values towards their heritage. In this case, the study shows that the conditions of authenticity are difficult to meet, given the means through which heritage management can be manipulated. Accordingly, the article aims to contribute to general discussions on the vagueness and enigmatic conditions of authenticity in areas of conflict. Different buildings in areas of conflict around the world suffer because of the political nature of heritage management, which makes the criteria of authenticity unviable.
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Murtiyoso, A., and P. Grussenmeyer. "EXPERIMENTS USING SMARTPHONE-BASED VIDEOGRAMMETRY FOR LOW-COST CULTURAL HERITAGE DOCUMENTATION." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-M-1-2021 (August 28, 2021): 487–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-m-1-2021-487-2021.
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Abstract. The rapid development of 3D scanning technology is a welcome progress in the field of tangible cultural heritage documentation. While active sensors such as handheld Time-of-Flight (ToF) cameras and lidar have recently generated much hype, developments in low-cost imaging sensors have also seen long strides in recent decades. This paper aims to see the potential of videogrammetry for the purposes of heritage documentation. This technique has existed for decades, but we argue that when combined with modern smartphone sensors and proper photogrammetric processing workflow it may present an interesting low-cost solution for 3D scanning. Furthermore, the paper wishes to address the requirement for a certain geometric quality in heritage documentation and how the proposed method may fulfil them. For this reason, comparisons between the videogrammetric result and traditional DSLR close range photogrammetry will be described to determine its suitability for heritage documentation. Results show that using modern low-cost smartphone imaging sensors, a good compromise between geometric quality and overall cost in the context of cultural heritage recording is possible to achieve.
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Svistunova, I. A. "Turkish-Iranian Relations in the Middle East: in Search of the Regional Balance." MGIMO Review of International Relations 12, no. 4 (September 9, 2019): 130–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2019-4-67-130-144.
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Turkey and Iran are two Middle Eastern neighbors building their relationship on the basis of competition and cooperation. Both countries aim at the position of regional leader and want to offer their own «model» of development to the Middle East. Historical neighborship has provided Turkey and Iran not only with the experience of struggle for influence, but an ability to interact in the spheres of overlapping interests as well. Turmoil in the Middle East attracts the attention of researchers to the issue of Turkish-Iranian relations. The article deals with the key areas of regional relations of the two countries reflecting their efforts to keep the power balance though they have contradicting interest. Islamic revolution in Iran in 1979 has put Turkish and Iranian «models» in adversary positions to one another emphasizing religion vs secularism.The Turkish side has broadened the range of its instruments after Justice and Development Party coming to power in Ankara, although its aim remains to be the promotion of Western concepts in the Middle East. The Party’s strategy to expand Turkish influence in the region takes into account the Ottoman heritage, which modern Ankara seeks to popularize in order to reinforce its claims to regional leadership. The competitive arsenal of the Turkish leadership includes historical ties with the peoples of the region and the experience of the Europeanization of the Muslim state.Iran is promoting its vision of Muslim democracy, positioning itself as a staunch fighter against the expansionism of the West and, despite the decline in warlike rhetoric, does not refuse to export the values of the Islamic revolution. Ankara is at odds with Western countries on private issues or methods, but generally it shares the same strategic approaches. Tehran, on the contrary, rejects the ideological rapprochement with the West and the borrowing of Western development models, advocating maintaining its own path. In fact, Iran and Turkey offer Middle Eastern countries alternative political transformation options.Iraq and Syria represent both the sphere of Turkish-Iranian competition and the possibility for tactical alignment on the basis of converging interests. The events of recent years have demonstrated that at the times when the Turkey and Iran sense common threats, they put their contradictions on the back burner. Pragmatism and rivalry in Turkish-Iranian relations are not alternatives but exist in parallel as a way of maintaining a regional balance of power between the two countries. This explains the ability of Ankara and Tehran to seek compromises. At the same time, the various approaches of these states to the future structure of the Middle East region will continue to hinder the creation of a stable alliance between them. These realities must be taken into account when assessing the prospects for the development of the regional situation and the potential of Turkish-Iranian relations, the study of which is especially important for Russia, taking into account trilateral cooperation to resolve the crisis in Syria.
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Rukhlin, Alexey N. "The Old Believers of Simbirsk and Samara in the Second Half of the 19th – Beginning of the 20th Century (according to the Materials of the Samara and Simbirian Diarish Departments)." Humanitarian: actual problems of the humanities and education 23, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2078-9823.061.023.202301.020-032.
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Abstract Introduction. The presented article describes the Old Believer movement in the Simbirsk-Samara Volga region through the periodical press of this region. The chronological framework of the work covers the middle of the 19th – the beginning of the 20th century. The presented material touches on one of the dramatic problems of Russian history, the church schism and the emergence of the Old Believers movement. The relevance of the presented material lies in the growing interest of the Russian society in this topic, and especially among Orthodox youth. The problem of splits and divisions in Russian society is not a new phenomenon in our country. The reform, which began as a political adventure of Patriarch Nikon, led to a split of Orthodox Christians into Old Believers and Nikonians. The Old Believers have experienced a lot and in spite of everything they have preserved that ancient spiritual heritage, in which the spirit of Holy Russia has been preserved. The purpose of the article is to define, on the basis of newspaper materials, the role of the Old Believers in Russia, its uniqueness for the further history of the country. Materials and Methods. The main sources are periodicals. The work is based on the principles of historicism to the study of the past. The research methodology is based on special-historical general historical methods – scientific description. Research Results. As a result of the study, the author introduces into scientific circulation historical facts from diocesan records that have not previously been presented in modern historical science. Having a monopoly position in the state and society, the official church in its diocesan publications openly criticized all Old Believer trends (except for co-religionists). The anti-schismatic tone in publications has not changed throughout the existence of diocesan journals. At the beginning of the 20th century, the authorities and the church made significant compromises with regard to the Old Believers, but in the press, they remained the same sectarians who must be joined to the “true faith”. Discussion and Conclusion. The fight against the “schism” in Russia has always occupied a huge place in the life of the Russian Orthodox Church. The official church tried by all means to join the schismatics. The Old Believers, in conditions of severe persecution, actively continued to defend the principles of their faith, traditions and way of life. After the First Russian Revolution, there were hopes for the legal existence of the Old Believer Church. The February revolution completely gave the Old Believers freedom, but new persecutions began under the Bolsheviks. Relations between the New Believers and supporters of the “old times” change in the Soviet era, when both denominations existed under the yoke of the Soviets. Formal reconciliation did not lead to the restoration of both churches, the “historical schism” turned out to be deeper and harder. It can be concluded that this topic is still relevant today. The proposed provisions and conclusions create prerequisites for further study of this problem.
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К.Г., Асриянц, and Бакарова З.Л. "Сохранение объектов культурного наследия Российской Федерации: проблемы и решения." Regional and Branch Economy, no. 5 (November 14, 2024): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.47576/2949-1916.2024.5.5.014.
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В статье рассматриваются положения Федерального закона «Об объектах культурного наследия (памятниках истории и культуры) народов Российской Федерации», касающиеся регламентирования действий собственников или иных законных владельцев объектов культурного наследия при использовании и ремонте таких объектов. Проведен анализ существующих правовых норм, целью которого является нахождение компромисса между публичными и частными интересами. Обсуждаются возможные изменения в действующем законодательстве по охране объектов культурного наследия и пути привлечения инвестиций в процесс его сохранения. This article discusses the provisions of the Federal Law “On objects of cultural heritage (historical and cultural monuments) of the peoples of the Russian Federation” concerning the regulation of the actions of owners or other legal possessors of cultural heritage objects when using and repairing such objects an analysis of existing legal norms was also carried out, the purpose of which is to find a compromise between public and private interests. Possible changes in the current legislation on the protection of cultural heritage sites and ways to attract investment in the process of its preservation are discussed.
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Chen, Meng, Bin Zhao, Hu Zhao, Qiaochu Jiang, Qi Zhou, and Hui Tong. "Character-Defining Elements Comparison and Heritage Regeneration for the Former Command Posts of the Jinan Campaign—A Case of Chinese Rural Revolutionary Heritage." Buildings 13, no. 8 (July 28, 2023): 1923. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13081923.
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Rural revolutionary heritage in China represents a distinctive form of vernacular heritage. It holds significance not only for its connection to historical events and prominent figures, but also encapsulates the distinctive features of vernacular architecture. Since 2020, the present authors have conducted a survey of the rural revolutionary heritage in Jinan. The findings indicate that common challenges in this context are the issues of overprotection and low utilization efficiency. The two former command posts of the Jinan Campaign are representative of rural revolutionary heritage. The Yinjiadian command post building received the designation of revolutionary heritage earlier than the one located in Tangjiagou Village. However, it has undergone inappropriate repairs and alterations over time, which have compromised its original integrity. The Tangjiagou command post was granted heritage status towards the end of 2020, but despite retaining its vernacular architectural structure, material, and form, it has not been effectively conserved and utilized. In the present study, the history, characteristics, and current situation of the two command posts of the Jinan Campaign were explored using various methods such as historical data collection and analysis, field investigations, oral interviews, GIS analysis, and comparative research. The aim of the study was to determine regeneration strategies for the two command posts of the Jinan Campaign by identifying and comparing their character-defining elements. A comparative investigation of the two command posts in the Jinan Campaign was conducted and based on their different heritage characteristics and preservation status, regeneration strategies were proposed. Additionally, a systematic regeneration strategy for rural revolutionary heritage was explored, considering the unique challenges and opportunities associated with preserving and revitalizing these historic sites. Such measures promote the activation and survival of China’s rural revolutionary heritage while providing valuable reference for its protection and research.
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van der Hoeven, Arno. "Narratives of popular music heritage and cultural identity: The affordances and constraints of popular music memories." European Journal of Cultural Studies 21, no. 2 (November 24, 2015): 207–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367549415609328.
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This article examines the relationship between popular music, memory and cultural identity. It draws upon narrative approaches to memory and identity in order to explore how engagement with music from the past can both afford and constrain identity construction. On the basis of in-depth interviews with, among others, heritage practitioners and audience members, I discuss how practices in the cultural and heritage industries affect the way in which popular music’s past is narrated. Although those narratives offer a sense of belonging and identity through their connection to experiences of time and place, there are also factors that compromise this potential. The article discusses limits to the accuracy of memories and impediments to representations of local diversity. Furthermore, I argue that copyright regulation affects which stories about popular music’s past can be told.
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Wang, Yuchen. "Jewish Self-identification and Political Compromise: Evidence from the IsraeliPalestinian Conflict." Communications in Humanities Research 39, no. 1 (August 31, 2024): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/39/20242189.
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This paper explores the relationship between Jewish self-identification and their attitudes to political compromise in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, grounded in social identity theory. The multifaceted dimensions of Jewish identity, such as religious, cultural, and national ones, and their impacts on political stances and peace negotiations. Through semi-structured interviews, the study reveals that Jewish collective identity significantly influences their political positions and behavior. Most respondents held that their Jewish identity shapes their views on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, mainly due to experiences of being persecuted and the establishment of Israel after the Holocaust, which lead them to a cautious attitude to political compromise, especially regarding security or sovereignty. Additionally, internal divisions within Jewish community (e.g., conservative to progressive) significantly influenced their attitudes to the conflict and a two-state solution. It emphasizes the important impact of recognizing and respecting Jewish identity on fostering inclusive dialogue, bridging ideological gaps, and promoting peace. It is necessary to pay attention to the crucial role of historical memory and cultural heritage in shaping political positions for effective conflict resolution strategies. This study offers insights but also exists limitations, suggesting future research, such as quantitative analysis and widening data collection to capture evolving political attitudes within the global Jewish diaspora.
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Bortolotto, Chiara. "UNESCO, Intangible Cultural Heritage and the market: Controversies and stumbling blocks." Pravovedenie 64, no. 1 (2020): 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2020.107.
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This article considers the relationship between Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) and the market in the backdrop of the reorientation of UNESCO’s priorities regarding sustainable development. Based on ethnographic observations of the meetings of the governing bodies of the Convention for the safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage, this work analyses the controversies generated by “risks of over-commercialization” of ICH among actors with normative agency for designing “good” heritage governance. While the need to reconcile market and heritage is officially acknowledged, the inclusion of a particular commercial practice on the UNESCO ICH lists is qualified by many actors as “traumatic”. The debate spurred within the governing bodies of the Convention by the drafting of these documents sheds light on the controversial perception of the relationship between the market and ICH. In considering the idea of “commercialization without over-commercialization” suggested by actors to resolve the tension between heritage and market, this work highlights a constitutive ambiguity of the Convention. Based on the ideas of “misappropriation” and “decontextualization”, this concept is part of the logic of intellectual property. The Convention, however, was explicitly designed within an alternative paradigm emphasizing cultural dynamisms and shared belonging. While heritage entrepreneurs on the ground shift from one regime to the other making a pragmatic and strategic use of legal frameworks based on fundamentally different logics, this inconsistency generates normative conundrums among the actors involved with the official bodies of the Convention, torn between a proprietary and a heritage regime and their different moral economies. In the framework of the Convention, the principle of “commercialization without over-commercialization” embodies therefore a fragile compromise reflecting the tension between different regimes regulating traditional culture.
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Fechner, FG. "The fundamental aims of cultural property law." International Journal of Cultural Property 7, no. 2 (January 1998): 376–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739198770390.
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The law of cultural property is primarily based on the interests of the states concerned. If a cultural object is of high monetary or identificatory value, states will contest the ownership, and many of these cases are resolved by compromise. If a cultural object is of less monetary or identificatory value, states often neglect its preservation. Yet the law for protection of cultural property should not only be a method for the arbitration of national interests but should also take into account the interests of humankind in general, including preservation of the object in its original context, public accessibility, and the scientific, historic and aesthetic interests that can be associated with an object. While some states are unable to protect their cultural heritage, especially in times of war, public international law does not prevent a state from destroying its cultural heritage. Cultural heritage law is developing rapidly, and national laws and international conventions are in the process of creation. At this time, the author posits, it is therefore necessary to consider the reasons for the protection of cultural objects.
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Volpe, Evelina, Stefano Luigi Gariano, Luca Ciabatta, Yaser Peiro, and Elisabetta Cattoni. "Expected Changes in Rainfall-Induced Landslide Activity in an Italian Archaeological Area." Geosciences 13, no. 9 (September 7, 2023): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13090270.
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Cultural heritage is one of the most exceptional resources characterizing the Italian territory. Archaeological heritage, i.e., the archaeological sites with different types of archaeological artifacts, strongly contributes to enriching the national and international cultural heritage. Nevertheless, it is constantly exposed to external factors, such as natural deterioration, anthropic impact, and climate-related hazards, which may compromise its conservation. In Italy, many archaeological areas are affected by significant soil settlements that involve a large part of monuments. This paper focuses on the landslide hazard assessment of the archaeological site of Pietrabbondante (Molise region, Italy). The impact of the expected rainfall regimes, according to the EURO-CORDEX projections, on slope stability conditions were evaluated through the application of a physically based model that couples a hydraulic and a mechanical model to evaluate slope stability evolution due to pore pressure changes. Given the unavoidable lack of knowledge of the geotechnical soil properties in an archaeological heritage area, the proposed method considered the random uncertainty of soil parameters by means of a probabilistic approach in order to assess the stability conditions in terms of probability of occurrence of a landslide. The results of this study provide a reference for the safety assessment and preventive conservation of archaeological areas characterized by high cultural value.
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Tucker, James R., Ana Badea, Barbara A. Blackwell, Dan MacEachern, and Aaron Mills. "Bringing Barley Back: Analysis of Heritage Varieties for Use as Germplasm Sources to Improve Resistance against the Most Devastating, Contemporary Disease in Canada, Fusarium Head Blight (Fusarium graminearum)." Plants 13, no. 6 (March 11, 2024): 799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13060799.
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Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum, is currently the most devastating disease for barley (Hordeum vulgare) in Canada. Associated mycotoxins can compromise grain quality, where deoxynivalenol (DON) is considered particularly damaging due to its frequency of detection. Breeding barley with a lower DON content is difficult, due to the poor adaptation and malt quality of resistance sources. A set of European-derived heritage varieties were screened in an FHB nursery in Charlottetown, PE, with selections tested at Brandon, MB, between 2018–2022. Genetic evaluation demonstrated a distinct clustering of Canadian varieties from the heritage set. At Brandon, 72% of the heritage varieties ranked lower for DON content than did the moderately resistant Canadian check ‘AAC Goldman’, but resistance was associated with later heading and taller stature. In contrast with Canadian modern malting variety ‘AAC Synergy’, general deficiencies were observed in yield, enzyme activity, and extract, along with higher protein content. Nonetheless, several resistant varieties were identified with reasonable a heading date and yield, including ‘Chevallier Chile’, ‘Domen’, ‘Djugay’, ‘Hannchen’, ‘Heils Franken’, ‘Moravian Barley’, ‘Loosdorfer’ with ‘Golden Melon’, ‘Nutans Moskva’, and ‘Vellavia’, these being some of the most promising varieties when malting quality characteristics were also considered. These heritage resources could be used as parents in breeding to develop FHB-resistant malting barley varieties.
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Mazzamuto, Marina, and Marco Picone. "The Commodification Dilemma: Tourism Pressure and Heritage Conservation in Barcelona." Societies 12, no. 4 (August 1, 2022): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc12040111.
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In recent years, the proliferation of tourists in the urban environment has generated several issues in the functioning of cities. As urban tourism has historically been linked to cultural and architectural attractions, this increased tourism pressure has involved and often compromised the common heritage uses. Therefore, many cases saw the implementation of measures that, if on the one hand reduced tourist flows, on the other also drastically restricted the access for residents and totally altered the sense of place in the community. This article explores this topic by applying a Critical Discourse Analysis methodology to the dispute that took place in Barcelona regarding the restricted access to Park Güell. The main results of this work concern the instrumentalisation of both the UNESCO label and participatory processes in the case of Barcelona, along with the failure of regulative measures to solve the problems related to tourism pressure. The article advocates the usage of more qualitative-oriented analyses to address the relationships between urban planning, heritage management and tourism management.
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Bisbal, Gustavo A., and Chas E. Jones. "Responses of Native American cultural heritage to changes in environmental setting." AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 15, no. 4 (May 10, 2019): 359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1177180119847726.
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Cultural expressions of American Indian and Alaska Natives reflect the relationship between American Indian and Alaska Natives and the plant and animal species present in an area. Different forces that modify that relationship and influence those expressions can potentially shape American Indian and Alaska Natives cultural heritage and even compromise their cultural identity. Herein, we propose seven modalities to illustrate how American Indian and Alaska Natives cultural expressions may respond to changes in environmental settings that alter the relationship between plant and animal assemblages, and Native peoples. Each modality provides insight into the vulnerability, resilience, and adaptive capacity of American Indian and Alaska Natives cultural expressions to changes in environmental settings. Future research may delve deeper into these modalities and help identify appropriate methods for managing culturally important resources. More culturally sensitive management approaches may strengthen conservation practices and safeguard the cultural legacy of indigenous groups.
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Cujic, Miodrag. "Preservation of national identity as one of UNESCO’s roles." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 159-160 (2016): 877–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1660877c.
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The cultural heritage and historical monuments are silent witnesses of social development and they deserve a special place in the world?s annals, both in material and in spiritual sense. In this regard, UNESCO has undertaken a number of measures which recognize such values. However, the current international events directly usurp cultural and historical features using international politics which in the process of globalization puts in an uncertain position the characteristics of certain national identities. The jurisdiction of this international organization is compromised by pressures of leading international subjects. By defining its strategic objectives, the position of the state sovereignty of its member states is determined. Consequently, it is necessary to induce the criteria and proposals to prevent such tendencies in order to preserve not only the cultural heritage of a nation, territory, religious population, but also its identity and its statehood.
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Xie, Yihan, Ruixia Yang, Yongqi Liang, Wei Li, and Fulong Chen. "The Spatial Relationship and Evolution of World Cultural Heritage Sites and Neighbouring Towns." Remote Sensing 14, no. 19 (September 21, 2022): 4724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14194724.
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The past few decades have witnessed unprecedented global urbanisation, with direct or indirect impacts on global cultural heritage sites. Research on the spatial relationship between cultural heritage sites and urban areas has provided a new perspective for understanding the impact processes between them, which have previously been discussed at the regional scale. In this article, we analyse the spatial relationship between world cultural heritage sites and neighbouring towns through systematic observations at the global scale and attempt to model change processes and identify impact mechanisms. We adopt spatial analysis and spatial statistics to analyse the changing characteristics of the spatial relationship between world cultural heritage sites and neighbouring towns from 1990 to 2018 and to analyse the impact processes at different spatial and temporal scales by combining indicators, such as income levels and urbanisation rates, at the national scale. The results show that 8.52% of world cultural heritage sites have been incorporated into urban areas over the aforementioned 28 years, with a certain aggregation in the spatial distribution of these sites, and that the growth rate can be divided into three phases, including two periods of rapid growth. The spatial relationship between towns and the 523 world cultural heritage sites that were previously located outside towns has not yet changed substantially, but the distances between most of the towns and these sites have been decreasing, with 81% of the world cultural heritage sites having a variation in distance from the corresponding town of 7.60 km or less. We also analysed the variation in distance between cultural heritage sites and neighbouring towns and found a relationship with indicators, such as the income level and urbanisation rate of the country to which a site belongs. Among the indicators, variation in national urbanisation rates most greatly affected the distance between heritage sites and towns. This study shows that world cultural heritage sites are affected by urbanisation and that particular attention should be given to the relationship between cultural heritage sites and neighbouring towns, especially in countries undergoing rapid urbanisation, so that the authenticity and integrity of cultural heritage are not compromised. This article provides a basis for development plans and policies in urban design, especially those that are sensitive to cultural heritage, and may also provide ideas and references for heritage conservation against the background of urbanisation.
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Kozłowski, Ryszard, Kajetan Pyrzyński, Agnieszka Michalska, Małgorzata Muzyczek, Krzysztof Sałaciński, and Jacek Rulewicz. "Wooden heritage buildings and preventing them against fire." Budownictwo i Architektura 14, no. 4 (December 8, 2015): 079–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.1538.
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The protection of wooden heritage buildings against fire, biodeterioration, robbery and vandalism is one of the most important tasks in the field of cultural property preservation. In Poland and other European countries, the most popular wood-made objects are historical wooden churches (Catholic and Orthodox ones), rural huts, cottages, sheds, barns and wooden wind mills which are like open air museums. Wood is the most common raw material that was used for the construction of these objects since ancient times. Generally these wooden objects are wholly combustible, they are mostly located beyond towns and difficult to guard and exposed to risk of setting on fire. Not everywhere there is a sufficient supply of water from water tanks and fire hydrant network. Moreover, there is a lack of good access ways for fire brigade vehicles and no fire detecting systems were installed in many of these objects. Unfortunately, fire retardant application is insufficient or totally absent in these heritage buildings. This manuscript presents general possibilities of the application of modern technology of fire retardancy systems intended for the protection the heritage objects against fire disaster. None or only minimal influence on an ancient object wood is the advantage of the above systems. The fire safety strategy for wooden buildings and historical sites requires an agreement and compromise between the point of view of art. Historians and conservators and that of fire-fighting experts.
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Skowron-Markowska, Stefania, and Marta Nowakowska. "Chinese Destinations Related to Martial Arts Tourism from the UNESCO Perspective." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 7, 2021): 7581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147581.
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The aim of this article is to investigate the authenticity of Shaolin Temple and Chenjiagou Village in the context of intensified martial arts tourism and UNESCO documents. Desk research, structured interviews and participant observation were used to investigate the issue. The issue of cultural and natural heritage has become part of the modern image of a powerful new China. They particularly use these resources in cultural tourism, where boasting of heritage listed on UNESCO’s tangible and intangible heritage list is certainly an appropriate impression. The UNESCO intangible and tangible heritage list also includes objects related to martial arts tourism (Shaolin Temple, Chenjiagou Village). The article presents how Western (American, European) preferences and expectations are visible in the way of preserving and using these objects with an attempt to maintain UNESCO standards. It has been noticed that the added objects/events/shows are accepted by the Chinese as increasing the attractiveness of the place, even if they are not thematically and historically related to it. The authors checked whether a certain cultural compromise is possible or whether these places are a completely Westernized product, taking the form of theme parks or ethnoparks. For Western tourists, such phenomena are often synonymous with the commercialization and falsification of the authenticity of a place, which is why the role of cultural education is very important, both in China and in Western countries.
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Triatmodjo, Marsudi, Agustina Merdekawati, Sandy Nurvianto, Irkham Afnan Trisandi Hasibuan, and I. Gusti Putu Agung. "GEOTHERMAL EXPLOITATION IN A WORLD HERITAGE SITE: A CASE STUDY OF GUNUNG LEUSER NATIONAL PARK." Yustisia Jurnal Hukum 10, no. 1 (April 8, 2021): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/yustisia.v10i1.47797.
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<em>Act No. 21/2014 on Geothermal Energy is considered a solution to the slow development of geothermal energy utilization for power plants by opening the way for exploitation in conservation forest areas. However, in practice, such exploitation is still constrained because it often clashes with the conservation interest. This study aims to review: (1) the role of Act No. 21/2014 as a legal justification to conduct geothermal power plant exploitation in Gunung Kembar and Gunung Waihlup within the core zone of Gunung Leuser National Park (GLNP), and (2) the potential impact of such exploitation on the international recognition of Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra (TRHS) as a world heritage. This research is normative legal research, using secondary data consisting of primary and secondary legal materials, and employs a qualitative method to analyze the data. The results showed that Act No. 21/2014 could not justify geothermal exploitation activity within the core zone of GLNP. The study also concluded that the geothermal power plant activity is projected to have the potential to compromise TRHS recognition as a world heritage site.</em>