Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Heritage and archaeology'
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Heale, Daniel. "Egypt's hidden heritage : cultural heritage management and the archaeology of the Coptic Church." Thesis, University of Winchester, 2016. http://repository.winchester.ac.uk/1236/.
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The Christian cultural heritage of north Africa is ancient and rich, but at risk after recent political events. Many Christian minority communities living in Islamic environments feel at risk of persecution. This is a topical and timely PhD. The Christian, Coptic heritage of Egypt remains poorly studied from the perspective of heritage management and is also at risk from a number of factors. Using first-hand study and analysis based upon original fieldwork, the thesis offers a state of the art assessment to risks facing Coptic monuments in Egypt today. It does this by situating Egyptian heritage policy within the English framework, and it establishes theoretical approaches to value, significance, meaning, and interpretation in Egyptian heritage within a wider global framework. It is based on the analysis of three markedly different Egyptian Christian Coptic sites, each with their own unique management issues and it offers a series of solutions and ideas to preserve, manage and interpret this unique material culture and to emphasise community solutions as being the most viable and sustainable approaches, whilst taking into account the varied levels of significance of these monuments.
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Kiddey, Rachael. "Homeless heritage : collaborative social archaeology as therapeutic practice." Thesis, University of York, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6262/.
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To be defined by a lack of something – homeless – creates problematic identity challenges and fundamentally ruptures a person’s sense of ontological security. Archaeology as a contemporary material and creative practice involves working back and forth between material culture (landscapes, places and things) and intangible heritage (memories, stories and experiences). Through this work, narratives emerge which inform identities, challenge dominant stereotypes and aid a sense of belonging which enhances resilience and self-esteem among those involved. This thesis presents fieldwork conducted in the U.K. between 2008-2013 in which contemporary homeless people were engaged as colleagues (rather than participants) and facilitated to interpret the heritage of homelessness in ways and words meaningful to them. Working collaboratively with archaeology students, homeless colleagues mapped and documented landscapes and undertook two archaeological excavations of homeless sites. Two co-curated interactive public exhibitions were produced. This thesis considers how the archaeological process – counter-mapping, field-walking and talking, working as a team, identifying sites and artefacts of significance and constructing narratives – can be shown to have significant therapeutic effects. Memory and identity work are considered in relation to psychological observations concerning the qualitative benefits of hope and its role in motivating people. Recent neuroscience work is also drawn upon. Findings suggest that neural plasticity can be affected by the social environment in health damaging or health promoting ways (McEwan 2012). Significant positive outcomes from the Homeless Heritage project include increased ‘social connectedness’, independent living and employment among those involved and suggest that collaborative archaeological work can provide positive social environments and function as low level support. It is suggested that associated health benefits offer a potentially rich avenue for further collaborative research between archaeologists interested in how the discipline might function in socially useful ways and neuroscientists keen to explore non-pharmaceutical approaches to treatment of trauma and social sustainability.
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Spendlove, Marion. "Heritage in Britain : lifelong learning, archaeology and partnerships." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2003. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/1263/.
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The thesis investigates whether contemporary policy and practice support formal and informal learning in the field of archaeology. Also, the assumption that multi-sector partnerships broaden community participation in heritage activities is interrogated. The multi-method comparative research model applied both empirical and qualitative methods to three case studies in the Midlands of Britain. Each of these projects gained funding to exhibit archaeology to the public during the course of the research. The policies and practices of the key individuals in the partnerships were investigated through taped interviews, and the data was analysed using cognitive mapping (Tolman, 1948, Buzan, 1993). Data about the visitors were gathered through questionnaire surveys, taped oral accounts, and observational studies. The interests, concerns and agenda of the principle stakeholders were compared. The results indicated that the role of the volunteers was crucial to the success and sustainability of the projects. However, some volunteers felt that they were weaker partners, and this was linked to a distinction between amateurs and professionals. The power of local authorities in heritage partnerships and their conflicting roles as developers and guardians of the archaeological heritage are questioned. Ways to facilitate participatory partnerships are suggested. The research draws on Foucault's definition of discourse, and Bourdieu's human capital theories and his concept of habitus and distinction. The links between informal and formal learning are rarely researched and theorised, but this study identifies how archaeologists, acting as "cultural intermediaries" (Bourdieu, 1984: 14), can create and sustain learning opportunities for adults, collapsing some of the traditional hierarchies between popular entertainment, community knowledge, and intellectual knowledge. The thesis places learning in archaeology within the theory of a structured taxonomy of learning (Biggs, 1971, Biggs and Collis, 1982).
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Eze-Uzomaka, Pamela Ifeoma. "Archaeology and the public in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339931.
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Du, Toit Timon Dawid. "Interactive Media in Archaeology : Video Games for Archaeological Heritage Conservation." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/78749.
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The use of video games as a sustainable tool for preserving existing archaeological data in an entertaining and interactive manner was investigated. The main aim of such investigation was to explore the potential benefits in terms of archaeological/heritage education, broadcasting, and representing data in a manner that is interactive and encourages critical thinking through play. Game Pass Shelter, located at Kamberg in the uKhahlamba Drakensberg Park was used to create a virtual environment in a video game that accurately represents traditional Bushmen rock art and folklore. Two phases were featured in the development of the video game: (i) getting feedback from gamers through a questionnaire I had designed, and (ii) using the identified recommendations to design the 2D video game using Unity Game Engine (a free video game development piece of software). This 2D video game, defined by authenticity to the represented folklore, features rock art motifs from Game Pass Shelter used against the backdrop of the Spoiling of the Eland traditional story. The video game begins with the ‘Rosetta Stone’ of southern African rock art and contextualises it using selected traditional folklore. Through this process, the video game aims to show why hunting was so important to the traditional Bushmen way of life. It further shows why eland were so valued and some unique beliefs that the Bushmen had concerning them.Dissertation (MA (Archaeology))--university of Pretoria, 2020.
Anthropology and Archaeology
MA (Archaeology)
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North, MacLaren Andrew. "Protecting the past for the public good: archaeology and Australian heritage law." University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1602.
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Doctor of PhilosophyArchaeological remains have long been recognised as fragile evidence of the past, which require protection. Legal protection for archaeological heritage has existed in Australia for more than thirty years but there has been little analysis of the aims and effectiveness of that legislation by the archaeological profession. Much Australian heritage legislation was developed in a period where the dominant paradigm in archaeological theory and practice held that archaeology was an objective science. Australian legislative frameworks continue to strongly reflect this scientific paradigm and contemporary archaeological heritage management practice is in turn driven by these legislative requirements. This thesis examines whether archaeological heritage legislation is fulfilling its original intent. Analysis of legislative development in this thesis reveals that legislators viewed archaeological heritage as having a wide societal value, not solely or principally for the archaeological community. Archaeological heritage protection is considered within the broader philosophy of environmental conservation. As an environmental issue, it is suggested that a ‘public good’ conservation paradigm is closer to the original intent of archaeological heritage legislation, rather than the “scientific” paradigm which underlies much Australian legislation. Through investigation of the developmental history of Australian heritage legislation it is possible to observe how current practice has diverged from the original intent of the legislation, with New South Wales and Victoria serving as case studies. Further analysis is undertaken of the limited number of Australian court cases which have involved substantial archaeological issues to determine the court’s attitude to archaeological heritage protection. Situating archaeological heritage protective legislation within the field of environmental law allows the examination of alternate modes of protecting archaeological heritage and creates opportunities for ‘public good’ conservation outcomes. This shift of focus to ‘public good’ conservation as an alternative to narrowly-conceived scientific outcomes better aligns with current public policy directions including the sustainability principles, as they have developed in Australia, as well as indigenous rights of self-determination. The thesis suggests areas for legal reforms which direct future archaeological heritage management practice to consider the ‘public good’ values for archaeological heritage protection.
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Mortensen, Lena. "Constructing heritage at Copan, Honduras an ethnography of the archaeology industry /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3204306.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Anthropology, 2006.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-01, Section: A, page: 0239. Adviser: Richard R. Wilk. "Title from dissertation home page (viewed Jan. 22, 2007)."
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Gardner, J. W. "The archaeology and heritage of mega events in London, 1851-2012." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1534587/.
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This thesis examines the development of mega events in the the modern era, such as International Expos, World Fairs, and Olympic Games, and their relationship to archaeology and heritage through comparing three significant examples from London’s recent history: The Great Exhibition of 1851; the 1951 Festival of Britain’s South Bank Exhibition; and the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games. Taking a contemporary archaeological and critical heritage studies approach, I argue that such mega events – defined as a genre of large, transitory and internationally-focussed cultural spectacles – leave a unique set of traces upon their host societies and that, as a result, we can observe several key ‘signatures’ which characterise all mega events and their long term roles in society. These signatures include a quixotic and tense relationship with a variety of conceptualisations of the role of the past in the present – both in terms of mega event site histories and, more broadly, national and imperial ‘stories’; a concern with their own historicity and a sense of exceptionality – the ‘largest’, ‘the first’ for example; and, despite their often future-oriented rhetoric, a key concern with using heritage narratives and the selective visions these can offer to legitimise an event’s presence and to counter opposition. Each case study is examined in detail using a broad variety of archaeological and heritage methods using London’s mega events as a prism through which to see the changing role of such spectacles in western modernity more broadly over the last two centuries. I demonstrate for the first time that such events must not be seen simply as one-off temporary spectacles, but rather are drastic and often devastating interventions in the urban environment that can have a dramatic impact upon a broad variety of forms of heritage over the long term. Overall I argue that, if we are ever to create a more ethically engaged model for the hosting of future events, mega events must be subjected to long-term critical examination, and that we must realise that even when events officially close for good, their continuing roles and importance should not be ignored.
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Savery, Heidi. "The management and marketing of Jamaica's past archaeology and heritage tourism /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.
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Tzanidaki, Johanna-Despoina. "The European cultural heritage : community and national legislation for heritage management in the European Union." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/43790/.
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The aim of this research is the consideration of the cultural heritage policies of European institutions (the European Union and the Council of Europe) and the impact of such policies on the national heritage policy of two member States (Greece and Italy). The analysis focuses mainly on the national and supra-national heritage legislation. The EU by means of policies and laws has gradually emerged as an important factor in the field of national heritage management. The impact of the EU in the fields of heritage terminology and legislation is a fact. New concepts concerning things 'national' are being directly 'imported' from the EU to its member States. The use of heritage in the political arena has a long history in nation States, with regard to issues of identity. By taking this one step further, the EU aims to construct a 'European' identity which will eventually replace the different 'national' ones. A historical narrative proves the logic behind EU action. The cultural heritage has been used by the EU throughout the years for a variety of political and economic purposes. The amendment of national laws and the introduction of EU concepts into national heritage law are results of an imposed change, not of legal evolution. The comparison of the two EU member States emphasises the complexity of issues involved in both the national and supra¬ national level. The conclusions aspire to arouse awareness of the powers that EU enjoys over national heritage legislation. The thesis also endeavours to highlight the power of law to create and construct public attitude towards the heritage, enhancing or denying claims for identity. It assesses the political will behind legal acts and policies with regard to the heritage. It addresses the attempt made by European institutions to create 'uniformity' in both laws and concepts related to heritage in a Europe of diverse heritages.
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Fletcher, William. "Valuing archaeology : exploring the reality of the heritage management of England's wetlands." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3226.
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This work primarily examines the management of wet-preserved archaeological sites in England, through an exploration of value and analysis of current management approaches. The aim is to explore whether the current policy frameworks, in particular the role of preservation in situ, can provide a sustainable future for wet-preserved archaeological sites. This work further seeks to conceptualise the modelling of sustainability, preservation and management decision making in wetland archaeological sites. Looking at the last 40 year of wetland research through the work of the large-scale wetland survey projects, this work initially considers the current understanding of wet archaeological sites in England. It also examines aspects of heritage management through the legislative and policy frameworks and their legacy. This work considers the implications that legislative and policy positions have for the management of wetland archaeological sites and examines the theoretical concepts that underpin them. This includes exploring reflective management, the development of research frameworks, and scoring mechanisms for the designation of sites. It also looks at broader constructs of value through the concepts of cultural and economic values. Three existing archaeological sites, a ringwork at Borough Fen near Peterborough, a marsh fort at Sutton Common near Doncaster and a triple post-alignment near Beccles, will be presented as case studies. These sites serve as examples of how the management of sites has been approached. The results of the case study analysis are used to develop a series of conceptual models looking firstly at sustainability and preservation in situ, and, secondly at preservation, value and decision making. The study concludes that the presumption in favour of preservation in situ can be challenging for wet preserved archaeological sites. Deterioration of the preservation environment can in some cases produce a similar decline in significance. Preservation in situ may therefore not be the most appropriate option for archaeological sites in wetlands.
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North, MacLaren. "Protecting the past for the public good archaeology and Australian heritage law /." Connect to full text, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1602.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2007.Title from title screen (viewed 25 March 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts. Degree awarded 2007; thesis originally submitted 2006, corrected version submitted 2007. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.
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Jonsson, Marie. ""Once it's gone, it's lost" : perceptions of Samoas archaeological heritage." Thesis, Gotland University, Department of Archeology and Osteology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-154.
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This paper deals with approaches toward the conservation of archaeological heritage among different people and different institutions in Samoa. This is compared with approaches toward ecology and preservation of the environment to find out if there are similarities and/or differences. Moreover the opinions on how the public perceive the material heritage is compared with a survey of the public itself and their ideas concerning archaeology. The investigation was carried out by conducting interviews with people working within different institutions, NGO’s and schools as well as representatives from the general population i.e. people without education in conservation and cultural heritage. Possibilities of co-conserving the cultural and ecological values are also examined, as is the relation between culture and a natural feature - the mangroves.
Uppsatsen behandlar åsikter och attityder hos allmänheten och olika institutioner på Samoa gällandebevarandet av det arkeologiska kulturarvet. Detta jämförs med en likande studie gällande bevarandetav miljömässiga och ekologiska värden på Samoa för att se om det finns likheter och skillnader. Studieninkluderar också en undersökning av hur allmänheten ser på det materiella kulturarvet och derasförhållande till och kundkap om arkeologi. Undersökningarna gjordes genom ett intervjuprojekt där desom intervjuades representerade både institutioner, organisationer, skolor och allmänheten, densistnämnda gruppen hade ingen formell kunskap om kulturarvet och dess hantering. Inom ramen förstudien undersöktes också möjligheterna för att samarbeta när det gäller hanteringen och bevarandetav kulturella och ekologiska värden t.ex. gällande mangroveområden.
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Söderström, Ulrika. "Contract Archaeology and Sustainable Development : Between Policy and Practice." Licentiate thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper (KV), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-77154.
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The aim of my PhD work is to study how heritage and archaeological knowledge can be applied in practice to meet the aims of Agenda 2030, in particular goal no.11 Sustainable cities and communities. This licentiate thesis serves to provide a foundation for this research. Here, I investigate how Swedish contract archaeology can contribute to sustainable development. First, I analyse how government policy and regulations convey the relation between sustainable development and contract archaeology in practice, and examine how professionals within the contract archaeological system see that they can work with sustainability issues in practice. The results show that there is a gap between policy and practice which is mainly connected to the understanding of sustainable development as a concept and not a practice. This may potentially limit Swedish contract archaeology´s ability to play an active role in sustainability practice. In a case study, I research a modern urban planning project in Kalmar, Valnötsträdet, where contract archaeology played a decisive role in the planning process. By analysing the project process from a sustainability perspective and interviewing participants, I come to the conclusion that contract archaeology´s significant role in the project was due to the ability of individual persons to see the value of using a holistic working method and archaeological knowledge to strengthen the planning process. However, the results also show that archaeology and archaeological heritage have an inherent attraction that can cause imbalances between values in a manner that potentially affects sustainable urban development if not taken into account and managed throughout the process. Although research has established that heritage and archaeology has an important role to play in the achievement of environmental, economic and social sustainability, there are still few practical examples of this. The results of this licentiate thesis point to the fact that the sector still needs to develop an understanding of sustainability as a practice in order for this to change.
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Ward, Alexandra. "Archaeology, heritage and identity : the creation and development of a national museum in Wales." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2008. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54744/.
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This thesis examines selected issues, events, episodes and timeframes in the early life of the National Museum of Wales in order to analyse influential and defining aspects in its complex past. It provides a critical perspective on the cultural processes surrounding the foundation and development of the Museum, as well as the array of identities, archaeologies and representations produced. A further aim is to identify and deconstruct the trajectories of research and thought within the Museum's Archaeological department during the early 20th century. The thesis seeks to demonstrate the complexities of the museum experience and to highlight the nuances and subtleties within the national context. It provides a contextual view of the initial movement to establish a national museum and antiquities collection, and subsequently focuses mainly on critical aspects in the development, research and interpretive practices of the Archaeological department. While some awareness exists across the archaeological and museum spectrum that figures such as Sir R.E. Mortimer Wheeler and Sir Cyril Fox spent part of their archaeological careers at the National Museum of Wales, there has to date been no focused, critical analysis of their active roles in shaping, and contributing to, archaeological practice within the Museum itself and within the wider contexts of Welsh and British archaeology. Closer examination of the curatorial and personnel structures in the Museum raises important questions regarding research agendas, the ways in which the material culture collections were augmented, interpreted and displayed, and conflicting political ideologies. Additionally, it draws attention to the dynamics of curatorial practice and representation in a national institutional context. Studying the period of time between the initial move to establish a national museum in the 1890s and the development of a national archaeological collection in the 1920s/30s, reveals the shifts and transformations in cultural politics, institutional practices and museological philosophies.
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Sakalauskaite, Jorune. "Proteomic approaches for archaeology and cultural heritage : characterising ancient proteins preserved in mollusc shells." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UBFCK003.
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Les coquilles de mollusques ont très souvent été employées par les populations préhistoriques, comme source de matière première, à la confection d'ornements vestimentaires ou de parures. Ces objets, largement transformés, constituent un témoignage inestimable pour comprendre les cultures passées et la façon dont des populations disparues ont exploité leur environnement naturel. Abondamment retrouvés dans les sites archéologiques, les restes coquilliers sont le plus souvent minuscules, modifiés ou bien retrouvés à l'état de fragments, à un point tel qu'il est impossible de leur assigner une appartenance taxonomique.Depuis quelques années, les approches protéomiques, basées sur la sensibilité des techniques de spectrométrie de masse, ont été utilisées pour l'étude de restes bio-archéologiques, ouvrant ainsi un champ disciplinaire nouveau, la paléoprotéomique. Alors que la protéomique est classiquement employée sur des coquilles modernes pour en comprendre les mécanismes moléculaires de biominéralisation, la paléoprotéomique de fragments de coquilles archéologiques n'a jamais été réalisée jusqu'à présent, pour plusieurs raisons: faibles quantités d'échantillons (et, par conséquent, de protéines), données de séquences très parcellaires sur les protéines coquillières de mollusques.Ce travail de thèse représente donc la première tentative d'analyse des protéines coquillières d'échantillons archéologiques par une approche protéomique, telle que réalisée dans le domaine de la biominéralisation. Trois concepts-clés sont mis en exergue: les protéines de coquille contiennent de l'information taxonomique; elles peuvent être préservées à des échelles de temps archéologiques; elles peuvent être utilisées comme "code-barre" moléculaire pour identifier les taxons dont sont issus les restes archéologiques.En premier lieu, l'approche protéomique (HPLC-MS/MS) a été testée sur la coquille d'un bivalve-modèle, Spondylus gaederopus, pour en caractériser son contenu protéique. Nos données indiquent que le répertoire protéique coquillier de cette espèce diffère de celui de formes voisines et comprend des séquences "taxon-spécifiques". En second lieu, des "empreintes de masse peptidique" (PMF en anglais) par MALDI-TOF ont été réalisées sur les coquilles récentes de 34 espèces de mollusques, couvrant un large spectre de taxons trouvés sur des sites archéologiques. Les spectres PMF obtenus ont une signature particulière, contiennent une information taxonomique, un "code-barre", applicable à des échantillons archéologiques. En troisième lieu, des expériences de vieillissement accéléré ont simulé la diagenèse de coquilles de Spondylus. La stabilité des protéines coquillières a été étudiée en combinant immunochimie et protéomique quantitative. Les données démontrent que Spondylus est un bon modèle, favorable à la préservation des protéines de coquilles. Certains processus chimiques de clivage peptidique ont pu être analysés finement. Les patrons de dégradation des protéines sont cependant complexes, une complexité non prédite par les modèles théoriques. Enfin, des ornements archéologiques, provenant de divers sites européens mésolithiques et néolithiques ont été étudiés par protéomique couplée à des analyses microstructurales et géochimiques. La réalisation d'empreintes de masse peptidique (PMF) n'a pas permis de lever le voile sur l'identité taxonomique des échantillons, sans doute du fait des très faibles quantités de protéines restantes, ces échantillons requérant des analyses plus complètes par HPLC-MS/MS. Par contre, les données obtenues sur de minuscules boutons-doubles ont clairement montré que ces derniers ont été fabriqués à partir de nacre de moules d'eau douce (unionidés) largement réparties en EuropeArchaeological mollusc shell artifacts and ecofacts are valuable sources to study past cultures and provide insights on how people exploited their environments. Mollusc shells were often used as raw materials to make personal ornaments and are abundantly found in archaeological sites. However, minute, heavily worked and/or fragmented shell ornaments are rarely identified at different taxonomic levels, due to limited availability of analytical approaches to determine taxon-specific (diagnostic) features. In recent years, proteomics, which exploits the high sensitivity of modern mass spectrometry techniques, has been successfully applied to the study of a variety of bioarchaeological remains, opening a new research field referred to as ‘palaeoproteomics’. While modern mollusc shells represent key study models in biomineralization research to investigate the molecular mechanisms of biocalcification and mineral deposition, palaeoproteomics on archaeological shells has never been carried out before. The challenges are mainly due to the intrinsic physico-chemical features of their substrates (including low protein content), and the paucity of protein sequences for reference.Therefore, this work presents a comprehensive proteomic-based investigation of archaeological mollusc shells, grounded in biomineralization research, and the first application of palaeoproteomics to shells. The main objective of this PhD was to investigate three key concepts: whether shell proteins carry taxonomic information, could be preserved over archaeological times scales and could be used as molecular barcodes for the taxonomic determination of ancient shell artifacts.High performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was used for an in-depth proteomics characterisation of a selected model, Spondylus gaederopus, demonstrating that its shell-associated proteins are very different from other models and likely represent lineage-specific sequences. Peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry was employed to obtain sequence information from thirty-four different molluscan taxa. Intracrystalline shell proteins displayed clearly distinct PMFs indicating that they may encode taxonomic information and could be used as molecular barcodes to identify archaeological mollusc shells. Accelerated aging experiments were performed to mimic the diagenesis of Spondylus shell and the stability of intracrystalline shell proteins was investigated by a combination of immunochemistry and quantitative TMT proteomics. We concluded that Spondylus represents a favourable system for protein preservation, as evidenced by the thermal stability of shell peptide sequences. However, the observed degradation patterns pinpointed the complexity of the whole diagenesis process, which does not entirely follow expected trajectories from theoretical models.Finally, a set of archaeological shell ornaments, recovered from different Mesolithic and Neolithic European prehistoric sites, were studied by proteomics coupled with structural, biomolecular and geochemical analyses. The studies showed that PMF by MALDI-TOF approach was not able to characterise these archaeological samples, which are very degraded or and/or have low protein contents, and the analysis of ancient shell proteins requires higher sensitivity, as offered by HPLC-MS/MS mass spectrometry. Indeed, palaeoproteomic analysis by HPLC-MS/MS of small “double-button” ornaments identified that they were made of freshwater mother-of-pearl shells, resolving the long-standing debate over their biological origin and provenance. The research carried out in this thesis highlights the immense potential of proteomics-based approaches to study archaeological and palaeontological shell remains
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Pruitt, Tera Corinne. "Authority and the production of knowledge in archaeology." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/241365.
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This thesis examines the role of authority in the production of archaeological knowledge. It examines how fluid ideas and observations formed in the field become authoritative, factual, solid archaeological products, like scientific texts, reconstructions or museum displays. It asks, what makes a person, a thing or an account of history something that is authoritative? What makes someone an authority on the past? What is archaeological authority? This thesis deconstructs and exposes authority in archaeological practice. It targets how practitioners of archaeology actively enact, construct and implement authority in the process of producing knowledge. Formal representations of the past rely heavily on an underlying notion of the 'authoritative account'. The entire process of reconstructing the past in archaeology is dependent on individuals and institutions existing as authorities, who actively or passively imply that artefacts, sites and final interpretations are 'authentic' or have 'fidelity' to the past. This study examines how authority and acts of legitimation are employed and distributed through the medium of science, and how they need to be actively performed in order to acquire and maintain status. This thesis not only argues that authority is embedded in every stage of the archaeological process, but importantly, it identifies how this authority manifests through the medium of scientific acts. This thesis is structured around two comparative case studies: one case of professional archaeology and one case of alternative archaeology. Both are archaeological sites that produce their own 'authoritative' accounts of the past through practices, publications and presentations. The first case is the professional archaeological project of C̦atalhöyûk in the Republic of Turkey, under the direction of Ian Hodder at Stanford University. This case offers insights about how the processes of inscription, translation and blackboxing establish and maintain authority in archaeological practice. It also addresses how physical and intellectual space, as well as issues of access in localised knowledge-producing social arenas, affect archaeological authority. The second case is the controversial pseudoarchaeological project in Visoko, Bosnia, commonly referred to as the Bosnian Pyramids. This project, under the direction of amateur archaeologist Semir Osmanagić, has successfully created an account of prehistory that has been received by the general Bosnian public as authoritative, despite objections by the professional archaeological community. This case demonstrates how authority can be constructed, mimicked and performed by drawing on academic arenas of scientific practice and by eager public participation. Specifically, this case study highlights the importance of socio-politics, authoritative institutions and performative behaviour in the construction of archaeological authority.
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BEDEL, BANU. "REVEALING GORDION: A CASE OF VIRTUAL HERITAGE INTERPRETATION." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1155841375.
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Merriman, N. J. "The role of the past in contemporary Britain, with special reference to archaeology and museums." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234954.
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The thesis explores ways in which public presentations of history and archaeology might be enjoyed by a wider audience than they are at present. Particular emphasis is placed on understanding cultural barriers that deter certain groups who are otherwise interested in the past. In order to do this it is necessary to understand the role of the past and of institutions such as museums in contemporary culture. A survey representative of all adults shows that, rather than being a commodity as some claim, the past is used in many different ways as a discourse about the present. In addition, claims that presentations of the past act as agents of the dominant ideology are unfounded because 'the dominated' tend not to go to them. As they have not been socialized into the 'code' of museum-visiting, they find the museum's image intimidating and exclude themselves. Archaeology itself suffers from an outdated and unclear image. Archaeological societies, like museums, are participated in predominantly by the better-educated and the affluent. Fieldwork is carried out by a wider range of people, but is perceived by the public to be in the same category as treasure-hunting. This is partly due to archaeology's image, and partly to the exclusion of amateurs from excavations. A study is then made of ways in which people who tend not to go to museums or participate in archaeology do gain their sense of the past, in order to discover ways in which these deterrents might be removed. It is found that most past-related activities are done by active heritage visitors. Those who tend not to participate in them gain their sense of the past in less tangible ways, through memories, family history and attachment to place. In conclusion, two different ways of experiencing the past are isolated, personal, and non-personal or 'heritage'. Participation in the latter is dominated by the better-educated and the affluent, who adopt it as part of a cultured lifestyle appropriate to their social position. Museum-visiting and membership of archaeological societies is emblematic of affiliation to this group. It will therefore not be possible for museums or societies to attract a totally representative audience. Museums are relatively 'open' institutions, however, so it will be possible to widen participation even further, and ways of achieving this are suggested.
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Happa, Jassim. "High-fidelity rendering and display of cultural heritage." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2011. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/49417/.
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Many Cultural Heritage (CH) reconstructions today use black box rendering solutions with little regard to appropriate addition of lighting, material light reflectance properties or light transport algorithms. This may be in favour of faster computational performance or is simply not a priority (as long as the end result is visually convincing). This can lead to misrepresenting CH environments, both in their present and past forms. The handful of publications that do pay special attention to lighting, emphasise on case specific problems rather than attempting to generalise a rendering pipeline tailored to the needs of CH scenes. The dissertation presents a research framework to render CH scenes appropriately and novel approaches to document, estimate and accelerate global illumination for virtual archaeology purposes. First, three reconstruction case studies with an unbiased rendering pipeline in mind are presented. Second, a research framework to reverse-engineer the past (through high-fidelity rendering) is overviewed. Through this proposed framework, it is possible to create historically and physically accurate models based on input available today. The approach is an extension to the established Predictive Rendering pipeline by introducing a historical comparison component. Third, a novel method to preview appropriately lit virtual environments is presented. The method is particularly useful for CH rendition, extending Image-based Lighting to employ empirically captured illumination to relight interior CH scenes. It is intended as a fast high-quality preview method for CH models before a high-quality render is initiated, therefore also making it useful in a Predictive Rendering context. Finally, a study on uses of High Dynamic Range (HDR) Imaging specifically for CH documentation and display purposes is also presented. This includes the use of a novel prototype camera to illustrate a proof-of-concept on how to document vast dynamic ranges of light based on the needs of CH research using HDR video.
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Smith, Amanda Jane, and n/a. "Making cultural heritage policy in New Zealand." University of Otago. Department of Political Studies, 1996. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070530.152110.
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This thesis examines how cultural heritage policies are developed in New Zealand. Cultural heritage symbolises the development of a society, illustrating past events and changing customs and values. Because of its significance, the government has accepted responsibility for protecting cultural heritage, and has developed a number of institutions and a variety of policies to address this responsibility. It is important to understand how the goverment uses these mechanisms to protect cultural heritage, and the subsequent relationships that have developed between actors in the cultural heritage area. These will have an impact on the effectiveness of the policy which is developed.
Cultural heritage is treasured by society for a number of reasons, but as social attitudes change, so does the treatment of cultural heritage. It is re-defined, re-interpreted and used to promote a sense of pride in the commmunity. This manipulation extends to policy making. Since the 1980s, the government has influenced, and been influenced by, two major social changes. There has been an introduction of free market principles such as rationalisation, competition and fiscal responsibility into the New Zealand economy and political structure. These principles have been applied to cultural heritage and consequently cultural heritage is treated as a commodity. As the result of changing attitudes towards the treatment of the Maori and Maori resources, there has been a movement towards implementing biculturalism. This has meant a re-evaluation of how Maori taonga is treated, particularly of the ways Maori cultural heritage has been used to promote a sense of New Zealandness.
There are several major actors involved in cultural heritage policy making - government, policy units, cultural heritage organisations and local authorities. Central government is the dominant force in the political process, with control over the distribution of resources and the responsibilities assigned to other actors. Because the use of market principles and movement towards biculturalism have been embraced at the central government level, other actors in the policy making process are also expected to adopt them. Policy units develop options to fit with the government�s general economic and political agenda. The structures adopted for the public service are designed to encompass market principles, particularly the efficient use of resources and competitiveness. While cultural heritage organisations may influence the government�s agenda through lobbying and information-sharing, they are limited by issues such as funding and statutory requirements. Government has shifted many responsibilities to the regions, but while territorial authorities are influenced by the concerns of their communities, they are also subject to directions from the government.
The process and structures which have been outlined do not contribute to an effective policy making system. The use of market principles to direct cultural heritage protection tends to encourage uneven and inconsistent policies, both at national and local levels. The range of cultural heritage definitions used by government agencies also promotes inconsistency. Cultural heritage is encompassed in a large number of government departments and ministries, which makes the co-ordination funding by meeting required �outputs� and the government�s requirement of fiscal responsibility. This is not appropriate language for cultural heritage, which should not have to be rationalised as an economic good. Although the government has devolved a number of responsibilities and territorial authorities have a variety of mechanisms available to protect cultural heritage, there is no nation-wide criteria for territorial involvement. Because of regional differences there is an uneven treatment of cultural heritage. Those policies developed by territorial authorities will also be influenced by the government�s economic direction. Organisations supported by the Dunedin City Council, for example, must also provide budgets and strategic plans which fit with Council�s fiscal objectives.
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Koru, Gulsun. "Landscape Archaeology And Its Approach To Cultural Heritage Management: The Troad As A Case Study." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12611736/index.pdf.
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This thesis tries to define &lsquolandscape archaeology&rsquo
as a concept
it describes and analyzes the key landscape archaeology types, dynamics, and approaches. Then, it aims to define the landscape archaeological characteristics of the Troad Region in this context. The archaeological landscape character of the Troad Region shapes the importance of the area, not only for the Anatolian culture, but also for the European cultures and for archaeology discipline. Hence, the necessity of conservation works for the area with the horizon of this concept gains importance. Thesis defines what had been done for the area in terms of conservation and reviews the Long Term Development Plan prepared for the Troia Historical National Park Area. With a critical view of what has been done and what has not been done, it tries to emphasize the importance of grasping the landscape archaeological character of the area in conservation and management plan works. It gives a general guideline to ensure a sustainable future for the historic, cultural, social, economic and environmental nature and qualities of these kinds of areas.
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Gwasira, Goodman. "A history and critical analysis of Namibia’s archaeologies." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8152.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDThis study critically examines the political, social and institutional settings in which archaeology was introduced in Namibia. I re-examine the idea of archaeology as a scientific and objective discipline that could be practiced without input from the knowledge systems of local communities. Archaeology developed alongside colonialism in Africa. Archaeology became an apparatus for knowing about the strategic resources that could be found in Namibia. Through the processes of recording sites and artefacts archaeology provided information that was useful to the colonial administration.
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Papatheodorou, Artemis. "Ottoman policy-making in an age of reforms : unearthing Ottoman archaeology in the 19th and early 20th centuries." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:28bd820a-de71-4d38-a582-fa2c99ab8e6a.
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This thesis discusses the Ottoman policies on archaeology in the aftermath of the initiation of the Tanzimat reforms (1839) and until the end of the Ottoman Empire (1923). It explores the activities of the central state, the autonomous Principality of Samos in the Aegean, and the Hellenic Literary Society at Constantinople. Primary and secondary sources in Ottoman Turkish, Katharevousa Greek, Modern Turkish and Modern Greek, English and French inform the analysis. The first chapter looks at the contexts within which an Ottoman interest in archaeology emerged. It discusses the rise of archaeology as a distinct area of scientific and scholarly research in the 19th and early 20th centuries, the encounters of the Ottomans with western archaeologies in that period, and those domestic intellectual dynamics that made them receptive to archaeology. The second chapter focuses on the Ottoman legislation on antiquities, and secondarily looks at related institutional developments. It discusses at length the emergence of an Ottoman voice on archaeology through the crystallisation of increasingly comprehensive and mature sets of rules and procedures on heritage management. By looking at the autonomous Principality of Samos, the third chapter shifts the attention to the western periphery of the empire, and explores how the Greek Orthodox, when outside the direct control of the central state, could develop their own understanding of, processes and structures regarding archaeology. The fourth chapter looks, for the first time in the literature, at the archaeological activities of the Hellenic Literary Society at Constantinople, and discusses the contribution of Ottoman society to the promotion of archaeological research and the protection of monuments. Overall, this thesis provides a critical analysis of the emergence of the concept and practice of archaeological heritage protection in the Ottoman Empire in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
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Siudzinski, Meghan Habas. "History, Memory, and [Archaeological?] Heritage at Nombre De Dios, Panama." W&M ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626556.
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Julig, Patrick. "Archaeological Theme Parks, Public Archaeology, and Living Museums: Prospects for the Upper Great Lakes Region." Laurentian University Press, Sudbury, Ontario, 1999. https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/161.
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The development and management of heritage sites, including prehistorical and historical archaeological sites, trading posts and aboriginal traditional-use sites, is of interest to governments for their potential in the fields of tourism, youth employment and economic development. In Canada, the issues of rights, ownership and management decisions for such sites are still in contention as multiple cultures (Aboriginal, French, English) may
have occupied and used these sites either successively or concurrently. The First Nations often have some claim to these sites as they are of the original culture, but the government ministries at national and provincial levels maintain some control via heritage legislation. Increasingly, the First Nations are exercising their claim to a voice in the development of such heritage resources, and co-management agreements appear to be the most successful
arrangements. Examples of successfully co-managed projects will be evaluated with respect to future development in the cultural heritage sector and the prospects for a World Heritage site designation in the Great Lakes region will be examined.
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Lindqvist, Ottilia. "Nötkreatur Som Fornminnes- Och Landskapsvårdare : En undersökning av syfte och urval." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-187658.
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Cattle are widely used in cultural landscape management in Sweden today. However, there are few recent studies concering what types of cattle or what breeds of cattle that are being used for cultural landscape management. The aim of this study is to examine the use of cattle in cultural landscape management in Sweden, focusing on the aims and the types of cattle and cattle breeds that are used. I will also examnine why these specific types of cattle and cattle breeds are being used. To answer these questions a literature study, combined with three case studies and interviwes was conducted. The results show that there are a series of aspects that effect what type of cattle that is being used for cultural landscape management. These aspects range from the aim of the cultural landscape management, the modern breeding objectives, animal welfare and the milk and meat yield of the different breeds. The result also show a need for further studies on the subject.
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Wares, Heather Lynne. "Maritime archaeology and its publics in post-apartheid South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5106.
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Magister Artium - MASince the end of apartheid and with that the construction of a new South Africa, archaeology has experienced what can be seen as a resurgence in the public domain. With the creation of a new nation imagined as existing since time immemorial, there has been an emergence of archaeological pasts providing evidence of a nation believed to have existed before apartheid and colonialism. Due to this resurgence of interest in the pre-apartheid and pre-colonial pasts, there has been a ballooning of research and exhibitions around paleontological finds, rock art sites and Iron Age sites indicative of early state formation. This has transported the nation back into what Tony Bennett has called 'pasts beyond memory'. Where mainstream archaeology focuses on sites which reflect a history outside of a colonial past, maritime archaeology has had difficulty. Being a discipline with its main object of focus being the shipwreck, it is difficult to unravel it from a colonial legacy. In an attempt to move away from these older notions of 'public' through the allure of the shipwreck, some maritime archaeologists have looked at different mechanisms, or what I call 'modes of representation', to construct new South African publics. Two such mechanisms are discussed in this thesis: the temporary exhibition of the Meermin Project, and the Nautical Archaeology Society courses on Robben Island. This is in contrast to the older Bredasdorp Shipwreck Museum, where I argue by using Greenblatt’s notion of 'resonance and wonder', that the wonder of the object salvaged is the central feature of the way it constructs its publics. This thesis discusses how a group of maritime archaeologists, located at Iziko Museums and the South African Heritage Resources Agency, attempted to construct new publics by locating resonance with its subject in an exhibition, and by making new archaeologists through a hands-on course.
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Soderland, Hilary Allester. "A century of values reflected in the evolving concept of heritage : United States federal archaeology law and Native American heritage from 1906 to the present." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252000.
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Loeffler, David. "Contested Landscapes/Contested Heritage : history and heritage in Sweden and their archaeological implications concerning the interpretation of the Norrlandian past." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Department of Archaeology and Sami Studies, University of Umeå, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-423.
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Lehmkuhl, Iva Lee. "Authenticity in portrayals of Navajo culture at two heritage sites." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1537215.
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The degree of accuracy in portrayals of Navajo culture at Salmon Ruins Heritage Park and Rock Art Ranch was assessed by comparing the Navajo structures assembled at each site to archaeological, ethnographic and historical data for traditional Navajo construction practices. Comparison and analysis revealed different degrees of accuracy in the portrayal of features with cultural and functional importance. Authentic practices were presented in a historical framework to permit the temporal characterization of each site. The aggregate of the temporal data from features at both sites was consistent with Navajo sites of the early twentieth century. The results of this study suggest a bias in contemporary portrayals of Navajo culture favoring the most extensively documented, and the more recent, aspects of Navajo culture.
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Niklasson, Elisabeth. "Funding Matters : Archaeology and the Political Economy of the Past in the EU." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antikens kultur, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-124091.
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The aim of this thesis is to show how Europe is constructed at the intersection between archaeology, money and politics within EU cultural actions. Ever since the 1970s, the European Community has invested money and prestige in the idea of a common cultural heritage for Europe. Alongside symbolic attributes such as the flag and anthem, archaeological sites have been used as rhetorical fuel to create a sense of European belonging, much like in national identity building. As a result, archaeologists and heritage professionals have benefitted from EU funding for restoration of sites, training schools and cooperation projects since 1976. In order to address this mutual engagement, the research in this thesis explores the ways that EU grant systems in culture have fostered specific approaches to Europeanness, and how supported projects have responded to notions about a common heritage. By considering EU officials, expert reviewers, consultants and archaeologists as co-creators of the frameworks they participate in, this study raises the idea of financial ties as a place of interaction. The study takes an ethnographic approach and uses discourse analysis and tools from Actor-Network Theory. The material consists of observations made during an internship at the European Commission, 41 interviews with different actors, as well as policy documents, budgets and collected information about 160 supported projects with archaeological themes. This research demonstrates how the expectations linked to archaeology have turned it into both a problem and a promise in the search for a 'usable past' for the EU. On the one hand, archaeology has functioned as an anchor, mooring the notion of a common heritage to something solid. On the other, because of its strong commitment to nationhood, what archaeology claims for its own has often undermined the very idea of a shared European inheritance. Projects benefitting from EU support have taken advantage of the expectations placed upon archaeology to help create a European identity, using buzzwords and 'application poetry' in their proposals. Many projects continuously used EU goals and symbols in their outputs. Sometimes a European past and present was connected by rhetorically tying archaeological periods (such as the Middle Ages and Roman Era) and phenomena (rock art or landscapes) to the EU political project. This link was more manifest in public settings than in academic ones. Taken together, the considerations brought up in this study show that funding matters. The EU strategy of vagueness, in which instructions and evaluation criteria foremost decide the frames but not the content of the projects, has inspired applicants to 'think Europe without thinking.' Once an application is written and submitted, a chain of translations by different actors works to depoliticise the act of constructing Europe. The EU, just as other funding bodies, has become entangled in the political ecology of archaeology. An entanglement which is unavoidable, but which needs to be critically addressed. Funding sources matter for the way we understand both the past and the meaning of archaeology in the present.Denna avhandling undersöker hur Europa skapas i gränslandet mellan arkeologi, pengar och politik inom den Europeiska Unionens kulturpolitiska finansieringsprogram. Vid sidan av symboliska attribut såsom flagga och nationalsång har företrädare för den Europeiska Gemenskapen och EU engagerat sig i idén om ett gemensamt europeiskt kulturarv, på ett metaforiskt såväl som ett materiellt plan. Politisk legitimitet har sökts med hänvisning till en mångtusenårig samhörighet. I samband med detta engagemang har arkeologer och kulturarvsarbetare sedan 1970-talet erhållit finansiellt stöd för restaureringsprojekt på platser av europeisk betydelse och transnationella samarbetsprojekt som kan skapa europeiskt mervärde. Studien undersöker banden mellan EU och arkeologi genom att lyfta finansiering som en plats för interaktion och meningsskapande. En etnografisk metod har tillämpats, där empirin består av fältobservationer från en praktikantperiod på Europeiska kommissionen, 41 intervjuer med olika aktörer, samt policydokument och arkeologiska texter. En databas med 160 arkeologiska projekt har även skapats. Diskursanalys och nätverksteoretiska begrepp såsom översättningar och svarta lådan har använts för att lokalisera och begreppsliggöra iakttagelser och meningsfulla skärningspunkter i materialet. Studien visar hur EU-tjänstemän, expertgranskare, konsulter och arkeologer alla deltar i utformandet av arkeologiska problemställningar och byggandet av professionella nätverk. EUs mjuka strategier, inom vilka instruktioner och utvärderingskriterier främst bestämmer ramarna men inte innehållet i de finansierade projekten, har inspirerat sökande att tänka Europa utan att tänka. När en ansökan skrivs och lämnas in startar en kedja av översättningar som leder till att olika aktörer avpolitiserar skapandet av Europa i samtiden. I resultaten framkom att arkeologiska projekt, genom att använda EUs målformuleringar i sina projektansökningar, ofta har utnyttjat EUs förväntningar på arkeologi om att skapa en europeisk identitet. I flera projekt knöts en europeisk samhörighet i det förflutna samman med dagens EUropa. Dessutom fortsatte många projekt att använda EUs mål och symboler i sina outputs. Här var EU-kopplingen tydligare i publika sammanhang än i akademiska. Sammantaget visar studien att val av finansieringskälla spelar stor roll. EUs finansieringsprogram har blivit en del av arkeologins politiska ekologi, en sammanflätning som är oundviklig men viktig att kritiskt uppmärksamma. Dessa band påverkar både vår syn på det förflutna och samhällets syn på arkeologi idag.
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Gostin, Olga. "Accessing the dreaming : heritage, conservation and tourism at Mungo National Park /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envg682.pdf.
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Price, Steinbrecher Barry Ellen. "The Geography of Heritage: Comparing Archaeological Culture Areas and Contemporary Cultural Landscapes." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/560836.
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This thesis compares archaeological culture areas and contemporary cultural landscapes of the Hopi and Zuni tribes as an evaluation of the scale in which stakeholders consider heritage resources. Archaeological culture areas provide a heuristic for interpretations of past regional patterns. However, contemporary Hopi and Zuni people describe historical and spiritual ties to vast cultural landscapes, stretching well beyond archaeological culture areas in the American Southwest. Cultural landscapes are emic delineations of space that are formed through multiple dimensions of interaction with the land and environment. Concepts of time and space and the role of memory, connectivity, and place are explored to help to delineate the scale of Hopi and Zuni cultural landscapes. For both Hopis and Zunis, the contemporary cultural landscape is founded upon the relationships between places and between past and present cultural practices. Cultural landscapes provide a framework, for anthropological research and historic preservation alike, to contextualize the smaller, nested scales of social identity and practice that they incorporate.
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Azevedo, Lillian. "Using maritime archaeology and tourism to promote the protection of cultural heritage on land and underwater in Anguilla, British West Indies." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/366619/.
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At the end of the first decade of the 21st century, the 2009 ratification of the UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage (2001) created a turning point for maritime heritage management globally. However, in the Caribbean region on a local level many small islands are disadvantaged. Management strategies are poorly defined but even more fundamental is the absence of information on the type and nature of the resource to be managed. This thesis looks at the state of heritage management on Anguilla, a 34 mi2 island in the Lesser Antilles, and the process of developing a system for heritage management where no precedent exists. Analysis is based on participant observation and the local response to two field projects, a Shipwreck Survey to record previously undocumented underwater cultural heritage in 2009, and a land-based heritage trail (2010), both of which were completed during a 2 ½ year residency on Island. The first two chapters provide critical background data into the regional and international state of heritage management, the reasons for choosing Anguilla, and the island’s maritime heritage past and present. This history sets the stage for chapter 3, which presents the results of the 2009 Shipwreck Survey. Recognizing the strengths and weaknesses of this initiative, the following two sections are devoted to recognizing the reasons why heritage management has not developed earlier and suggests future solutions. Piloting a theory for heritage management, chapter six describes the Anguilla Heritage Trail, while the following chapters describe a heritage management strategy on Anguilla for the future. This provides a practical example of how the principles of the 2001 UNESCO Convention, particularly its Annex, may be applied and realized in areas with little infrastructure and/or previous experience managing cultural resources.
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Gornik, Vivian Beatrice. "Producing the Past: Contested Heritage and Tourism in Glastonbury and Tintagel." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7297.
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Heritage, the “present-centered” use of the past (Ashworth 2007) influences the identities of contemporary citizens (Palmer 2005, Sommer 2009). Grasping the ways in which the production and consumption of heritage takes place is becoming increasingly relevant in a post-Brexit Britain, where the national identity is constantly up for debate. This research asks: what role does heritage tourism play in (re)producing hegemonic national narratives in Glastonbury and Tintagel? And subsequently, what do these narratives say about broader conceptualizations of English identity?
Arthurian legend permeates the historical narrative in both locations. According to the legend, King Arthur was conceived and born in Tintagel, and ultimately buried in Glastonbury. Both Glastonbury and Tintagel are located in the southwest region of England and are home to significant national heritage sites. In Glastonbury, heritage sites include Glastonbury Abbey, Glastonbury Tor and the Chalice Well Gardens. In Tintagel, heritage sites include Tintagel Castle, King Arthur’s Great Halls, St. Nectan’s Glen and the Arthurian Centre.
Methods for this ethnographic comparative study include classic participant observation, semi-structured interviews, ethnographic photography and archival research. The focus here is on the producers of heritage (heritage management employees, local shop owners and community members) rather than the consumers (tourists and travelers). By using a holistic political economy approach, this research reveals how heritage is both contested and commodified in both Glastonbury and Tintagel. Rather than understanding “authorized heritage discourses” (Smith 2006) as simply the result of hegemonic forces imparted by heritage management organizations, this research reveals the nuances created by the commodification of heritage in both Glastonbury and Tintagel, where tourism plays a significant role in the local economy.
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Pantzou, Panagiota. "UNESCO's World Heritage Sites as landmarks of identity in the Balkans : global perceptions - national/local reflections." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/163875/.
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Karlström, Anna. "Preserving Impermanence : The Creation of Heritage in Vientiane, Laos." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Afrikansk och jämförande arkeologi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-101166.
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This thesis is about the heritage in Vientiane. In an attempt to go beyond a more traditional descriptive approach, the study aims at bringing forward a discussion about the definition, or rather the multiplicity of definitions, of the concept of heritage as such. The unavoidabe tension emanating from a modern western frame of thought being applied to the geographical and cultural setting of the study provides an opportunity to develop a criticism of some of the assumptions underlying our current definitions of heritage. For this particular study, heritage is defined as to include stories, places and things. It is a heritage that is complex and ambiguous, because the stories are parallel, the definitions and perceptions of place are manifold and contested, and the things and their meaning appear altered, depending on what approach to materiality is used. The objective is not to propose how to identify and manage such a complex heritage. Rather, it is about what causes this complexity and ambiguity and what is in between the stories, places and things. In addition, the study aims to critically deconstruct the contemporary heritage discourse, which privileges material authenticity, form and fabric and the idea that heritage values are universal and should be preserved for the future and preferably forever. In Laos, Buddhism dominates as religious practice. In this context, the notion of material impermanence also governs the perception of reality. Approaches to materiality in Buddhism are related to the general ideas that things are important from a contemporary perspective and primarily as containers for spiritual values, that the spiritual values carry the connection to the past, and that heritage is primarily spiritual in nature and has little to do with physical structure and form. By exploring the concepts of restoration, destruction and consumption in such a perspective, we understand that preservation and restoration are active processes of materialisation. We also understand that destruction and consumption are necessary for the appreciation of certain heritage expressions, and that heritage is being constantly created. With this understanding, this book is an argument for challenging contemporary western heritage discourse and question its fundamental ideology of preservationism.
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Hutchings, Richard M. ""The miner's canary" - what the maritime heritage crisis says about archaeology, cultural resource management, and global ecological breakdown." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/50088.
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This dissertation investigates the maritime heritage crisis as it exists on the Pacific Northwest Coast of North America, emphasizing the Salish Sea region of Washington State, USA, and British Columbia, Canada. Worldwide, maritime landscapes are undergoing unprecedented change resulting in physical, biological, and cultural problems of “wicked” proportions. To focus conversation, the maritime heritage crisis is defined here as heritage site loss resulting from amenity migration and sea level rise. Rapid, unsustainable population growth (coastal sprawl) and anthropogenic climate change (global warming) are key drivers of contemporary coastal change, thus, arguably, heritage destruction. In Northern America, the response to coastal change has been resource management, elevating the concepts of “resourcism” and “management” as central elements of coastal change discourse.
In this dissertation, I examine the response of archaeology/cultural resource management (CRM) to coastal change. I survey coastal change threats and impacts, focusing on Indigenous maritime heritage landscapes because they are especially sensitive to coastal change and the primary context for Northern American archaeology/CRM. To assess heritage conservation and the success of CRM in the Pacific Northwest, I present a case study of the shíshálh (Sechelt) First Nation’s traditional territory in British Columbia’s amenity-rich Sunshine Coast. I discuss the shíshálh Nation’s heritage stewardship approach and detail coastal change impacts in three areas within the Nation’s territory. In addition to future sea level rise, the impact of amenity migration or “sea change” on Indigenous heritage is demonstrated to be significant.
Indigenous maritime heritage landscapes are highly threatened, contested and politicized places, tied up in issues of nationalism, colonialism, sovereignty and, increasingly, cultural survival. By focusing on social power and domination, a critical heritage studies approach exposes resource management as a technology of government promoting and permitting the ideology of growth, development and progress. Archaeology/CRM is therefore implicated in both the destruction of Indigenous heritage landscapes and the psychosocial consequences of that destruction, and is thus part of the problem, not the solution. An example of the “miner’s canary,” the shíshálh Coast study offers important lessons about heritage stewardship in the late modern era of consumer capitalism.Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies
Graduate
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Üre, Pınar. "Byzantine heritage, archaeology, and politics between Russia and the Ottoman Empire : Russian Archaeological Institute in Constantinople (1894-1914)." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1005/.
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This dissertation will analyse the history of the Russian Archaeological Institute in Constantinople, which operated between 1895 and 1914. Established under the administrative structure of the Russian Embassy in Constantinople, the institute occupied a place at the intersection of science and politics. Focusing nearly exclusively on Byzantine and Slavic antiquities in the Ottoman Empire, the activities of the institute reflected the imperial identity of Russia at the turn of the century. As was explicitly expressed by Russian diplomats, bureaucrats, and scholars, the establishment of an archaeological institution in the Ottoman capital was regarded as a foreign policy tool to extend Russia’s influence in the Near East, a tool of “soft power” in modern parlance. On the Ottoman side, foreign archaeological activities were regarded with suspicion especially in the later part of the 19th century. In an attempt to preserve its vulnerable sovereignty, Ottoman Empire closely monitored foreign archaeological activities on its territories. For the Ottoman Empire, archaeology was also a way of projecting its image as a modern, Westernised empire. For both Russian and Ottoman archaeologists, European scholarship was regarded as an example that should be followed, and a rival at the same time. Russian archaeologists had to close down their office with the outbreak of World War I. The complications that arose with the disintegration of the institute were solved only in the late 1920s between the Soviet Union and Republican Turkey, under completely different political circumstances.
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Wong, Wing Kwan. "Ethnic Minorities’ Heritage and Archaeological Resources Management : Roma people in Sweden since 1999." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Arkeologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413531.
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At the end of 1999, the Swedish government adopted two European Union conventions to protect ethnic minorities, and Roma people were recognized as a national ethnic minority of Sweden. Approaching the 20th year mark after the recognition, this research aims to develop an in-depth and inclusive database for Roma people’s heritage and archaeological resources management. Analyzation of the collected data is based on the number, nature, and responsible organizations for the events. As a result, 48 events were recorded in the database under such a framework. A significant increase in events happened in the second decade (2010 to 2019) of the research period. 14 out of 21 counties in Sweden have participated in the topic and three excavations have been done in the past 20 years. Former Roma people’s settlements have been discovered in the western and eastern counties of middle Sweden. Therefore, it can be suggested that counties such as Södermanland and Västmanland have the geographic advantage to further discover new traces that have yet to be recorded. This thesis analyses the Bohuslän Museum’s exhibition Möt Resandefolket! as a case study due to its uniqueness as the only permanent exhibition about Roma people in the country. It includes a spatial analysis under Moser’s framework (2010) and experience analysis using the thick descriptive approach suggested by Geertz (1973). The interview with the museum’s archaeologist Kristina Lindholm connects the perspective from the exhibition curators and heritage mediators, while 3D modelling is also developed and used as a tool to understand the spatial context and the effectiveness of idea communication in the exhibition. As a result, the case study identifies two challenges in communicating Roma people’s heritage and culture: the limited resources in the material culture and the alienness raised in the exhibition. The causes and possible confrontations of these matters are discussed, followed by suggestions on how to improve the excavation agenda, digital preservation for intangible heritage, and new representation and presentation methods. There is also potential in turning alienness into a positive motivation which enables the exhibition to further fulfil its curiosity- and self-education attainment purpose. This thesis suggests that these ways of interpretation are effective means to illustrate and emphasize the uniqueness of a culture and to further appreciate the values in the ethnic minorities.I slutet av 1999 antog den svenska regeringen två EU-konventioner för att skydda etniska minoriteter och romerna erkändes som en av Sveriges nationella etniska minoriteter. Denna forskning fokuserar på de 20 år, 1999–2019, som gått sedan erkännandet, och syftar till att utveckla en djupgående och inkluderande databas för romers kulturarv och arkeologiska resurshantering. Analysen av insamlade data baseras på antal, typer och ansvarande organisation för genomförda romska evenemang. 48 sådana registrerades i databasen och en betydande ökning av evenemang inträffade under decenniet 2010 till 2019. Baserat på de 48 företeelserna hade 14 av 21 län i Sverige deltagit i olika aktiviteter och tre arkeologiska utgrävningar hade genomförts under perioden. Eftersom före detta romska bosättningar har upptäckts i såväl öst som väster om län som ligger i Sveriges södra mitt, föreslås att län som Södermanland och Västmanland skulle ha en geografisk fördel till att upptäcka ytterligare nya spår av romsk kulturarv, som ännu inte registrerats. Denna uppsats analyserar Bohusläns museums utställning Mot Resandefolket! som en fallstudie på grund av dess unikum som den enda permanenta utställningen om romer i landet. Den inkluderar en rumslig analys utifrån Mosers ramverk (2010) och gör även en erfarenhetsanalys med hjälp av den metod som kallas ”thick description” (från Geertz [1973]). Intervjun med museets arkeolog Kristina Lindholm kopplar samman perspektivet från utställningens kurator och förmedlare av kulturarv, medan en 3D-modellering också används som ett verktyg för att förstå det rumsliga sammanhanget och effektiviteten i idékommunikation i utställningen. Som ett resultat identifierade fallstudien två utmaningar när det gäller att kommunicera romers kulturarv: de begränsade resurserna i den materiella kulturen och den främmande komponenten, s k ”alienness”, som uppstod i utställningen. Orsakerna till och möjliga konfrontationer av dessa frågor diskuterades vidare, följt av förslag för att förbättra utgrävningsagendan, digital bevarande för immateriellt arv och nya representations- och presentationsmetoder. Det lyftes också fram att det finns en potential att vända det främmande, ”alienness”, till något positivt, som en motivation som gör det möjligt för utställningen att ytterligare stimulera till både nyfikenhet och självutbildning. Denna uppsats visar även att tolkningsmetoder är effektiva medel för att illustrera och betona kulturers unikum och att ytterligare uppskatta denna etniska minoritet många värden.
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Lawson, Amber. "Assessment of the performance of three clear coatings for use in heritage conservation by an oxygen consumption technique." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/97644/.
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Without the protection provided by anti-corrosive paints, vehicles, bridges and industrial heritage would not have survived for long. Where these coatings fail or are damaged, ferrous metal requires further protection. To provide insight into coating failure a survey of paint layers and corrosion products found on historic wrought iron and mild steel was carried out around Scotland. Corrosion has also been found to be a major contributor to structural damage of historic armoured vehicles. When choosing coatings within conservation, decisions are based on qualitative data and practitioners’ experience rather than evidence based standards for specific ferrous alloys in particular environmental conditions. Limited quantitative data exists hence this research seeks to produce quantified data via a standardised approach. To provide environmental context for the laboratory based tests, temperature and humidity data from the Tank Museum has been considered. Thus the anti-corrosive performances of clear coatings on historic armoured steel have been assessed in controlled temperature and relative humidity by using a sensitive corrosion monitoring technique. For relevance to the conservation sector common materials, methodology and environmental conditions were considered and standardised. Aluminium oxide blasting of the steel removed contaminants and provided a keyed surface for Paraloid B72 and Cosmoloid H80, popular clear coatings within conservation and Siliglide 10, a modern silane based coating. All three coatings offered protection for the steel whether applied to cleaned surfaces or to pre-corroded surfaces. The best treatment method and thus the treatment recommended for protecting areas of paint-loss is to clean the surface and apply three layers of Paraloid B72. The standardised approach used allows other researchers to contribute comparable data to the production of a database and future standards within conservation.
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Tamba, Robert. "From archaeological prospection to communication using learning theory. Multi-variable maping and 3D representations in archaeology and built heritage." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/393977.
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La geofísica arqueològica es basa en la mesura de propietats físiques. S'aplica per la documentació de jaciments arqueològics. Inclou una seqüència de tasques que en tres fases (1) el camp, (2) la transformació de les dades I (3) la finalització del projecte.
A través de la presentació de tres casos d'estudi, la recerca presentada aquí il.lustra diverses aportacions. Primer, s'avalua la seqüència de tasques d'un projecte per proposar punts de control de la qualitat i consistència de les dades. Després s'ha plantejat una aproximació didàctica dels resultats de geofísica arqueològica per mil-lorar els formats de transmissió de la informació. Finalment, s'ha estudiat la inter-acció de diferents tipus de dades arqueològiques amb la informació obtinguda de la geofísica.
L'avaluació de la seqüència de treball ha permès definir punts de control de la qualitat de la prospecció. Durant la fase de camp es recomana l'ús d'un qüestionari pel disseny de l'estratègia de prospecció, es defineixen els objectius arqueològics i les limitacions del projecte, i es prepara l'entorn del jaciment prèviament a l'adquisició de les dades. La transformació de les dades requereix la identificació i caracterització del soroll d'adquisició, la vectorització de les dades i la producció de mapes sintètics. La finalització ha d'incloure les metadades del projecte, les representacions dels resultats en diferents formats i l'ús de formats oberts de fitxers.
L'aproximació didàctica dels resultats ha permès classificar els formats de lliura-ment de resultats. La memòria tècnica representa una presentació conductista. L'estructura és fixa i lineal. Amb una presentació cognitiva es varien els formats. En suplement a la memòria tècnica s'ha generat una memòria gràfica, una seqüència animada i un model. El model representa una visió constructivista, ja que permet a
l’usuari tenir un control directe de la interpretació de les dades i observar-les des de diferents perspectives.
Finalment, s’ha estudiat la combinació de tres tipus d’informació arqueològica amb dades geofísiques: un model topogràfic digital, dades de prospecció de materials superficials i resultats d’excavacions. El model topogràfic digital va ser combinat amb dades de georadar per avaluar l’estat de conservació d’un artefacte monumental. Les dades de prospecció superficial s’han interpretat conjuntament amb les dades geofísiques per caracteritzar la seqüència d’ocupació d’una vila romana. Les dades d’excavació arqueològica s’han integrat amb els resultats geofísics en una plataforma comuna per documentar la destrucció d’un assentament romà.The research was placed at the confluence of three fields: Archaeological Geophysics, Archaeology and Learning Theory. The two latter were considered in order to im-prove the transmission process of archaeological geophysics results. Archaeological Geophysics is based on the use of methods that measure the contrast in physical properties. It is applied to map the context of archaeological sites. The mapping helps with the management of the research. The outputs of Archaeolog-ical Geophysics projects are produced through a nested sequence of decisions and actions. The sequence was separated in three phases: field, data transformation and data finalisation. The field phase includes the design of the project and the data acquisition survey. The transformation phase is dedicated to the processing of the acquired data and to their interpretation. During the finalisation, the data and metadata of the project are archived and the results are transmitted to the end-user. Geophysical results are not often integrated in the communication process of archae-ological findings. The main hypothesis of the research was that this absence can be explained by failure situations that occur during any phase of a project. Failure situation can be explained by results with insufficient resolution, not adequately transformed or poorly transmitted. The main objective of the research was to pro-pose solutions to identify and limit these failure situations in order to improve the final transmission of the results. Three approaches were proposed. The transmission process was analysed considering the different Learning Theory currents. A behaviourist approach gave a linear understanding of the information. It is based on standards and clearly defined con-tents. Its main vector would be the technical report. The cognitive contribution was the diversification of the formats of transmission. In addition to the technical report, a graphical report, an animated sequence and a model of the results were systematically produced. This associated material was created taking into account the relation between text, image and sound in order to improve the understanding process. The model represented the constructivist current. It enables the end-user having a personalised experience of the created environment through increased control and interactivity. The second approach was to describe in detail the workflow of an Archaeological Geophysics project. The description aimed to define control points that could favour a better quality of the produced material. Control points were defined at each phase. In the field phase they include (1) the use of questionnaire during the design of the project, (2) the production of a diagram stating the archaeological objectives, the used methods and their limitations and (3) an appropriate preparation of the environment of the site prior to the acquisition of the data. The control points of the transformation phase were (1) the characterisation of the acquisition noise, (2) the vectorisation of the results with associated attributes and (3) the production of synthetic maps. The finalisation phase should include (1) the metadata of the project, (2) several parallel formats of transmission of the results and (3) open source formats for the digital archive.
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Ahlgren, Hans. "En anpassning till ett kyligare klimat? : en studie av orsaker till den förändrade synen på fornfynd i Riksantikvarieämbetets föreskrifter och allmänna råd avseende verkställigheten av 2 kap. 10–13 §§ lagen (1988:950) om kulturminnen m.m. år 2007." Thesis, Gotland University, Department of Archeology and Osteology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-155.
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In the year 2007 the Swedish National Heritage Board released directions for how the contractarchaeology in Sweden should carry out their work. These directions stressed that a differentapproach to the archaeological finds should be used – that would lead to a higher degree ofselection than before. The purpose of this essay is to find the reason why this change indirections occurred, and this is done by a study of the history of the rescue archaeology inSweden. The other purpose of this essay is to examine if the excavation strategies inarchaeological excavation reports from different times, correlates with the general guidingprinciples for the contract archaeology in Sweden of that time.There are several reasons why the change in directions occurred, but it seems as the mainreasons are practical. The handling of archaeological finds is relatively expensive andarchaeological researches of today generally don’t need to take care of all the finds for theinterpretation. Consequently there is no reason to save everything. The study of theexcavation reports show that there is correlation between the excavation techniques used, andthe general guiding principles for the contract archaeology of that time.
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Matswiri, Gertrude Mamotse. "Two in one: explaining the management of the Okavango Delta World Heritage Site, Botswana." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27483.
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Because of their outstanding universal significance, World Heritage sites are worthy of special protection by the international and local communities. They obtain this status after being listed under the UNESCO 1972 Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. In previously colonised regions such as Africa, the conservation and management of World Heritage is based on international laws and modern management systems introduced after conquest. However, the process protects mostly the universal values on which the inscription of the site was based. This often marginalises local values and local management systems which are important to local communities. It also alienates local communities from their heritage which they have protected for many years. This research explores the relationship between modern and traditional management systems in the Okavango Delta Natural World Heritage site. It will focus on understanding the local values of the site, the current management system and traditional practices of the local communities. The expected outcome is to develop a syncretic management system influenced by the traditional and the modern. It is hoped that such a system will not privilege one type of value over others.
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Dracott, James. "Piezoelectric printing and pre-corrosion : electrical resistance corrosion monitors for the conservation of heritage iron." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/piezoelectric-printing-and-precorrosion-electrical-resistance-corrosion-monitors-for-the-conservation-of-heritage-iron(ae4ad7e0-d733-4908-a1d2-a5cbeaff183a).html.
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Heritage iron objects are ubiquitous in the archaeological assemblage, frequently covered in thick, chloride-containing corrosion layers. Accurate monitoring of their corrosion rates is crucial for continued preventative conservation. Measurement of storage environment corrosivity is commonplace for a variety of metals, but use un-corroded metal as a proxy. Corrosion rates measured will be different with respect to chloride infused and corroded artefacts and data recovered difficult to reconcile with actual artefact degradation. Electrical resistance corrosion monitors have been applied to create proxy corrosion rates for various metals in industry, academia and heritage contexts. Pre-corrosion of such has previously been shown to be effective in providing altered corrosion rates in atmospheric environments. This research sets out to develop and refine the manufacture of such probes, to create sensors which will corrode similarly to chloride infested heritage iron and can be used in heritage environments to inform conservation strategy. Photochemical milling was used to create ERCM. Salt loading on the surface was achieved through a piezoelectric inkjet printer, shown to be adept at printing a variety of salt concentrations (down to 4μg/cm) and patterns, with consistency, regularity and reliability. The results of the methodology show the potential of the technique for future salt loading and corrosion testing applications. Corrosion products were grown on the treated ERCM by controlled atmospheric corrosion, shown to create a constant corrosion layer, no significant localised corrosion and good reproducibility. The products formed were shown to be compositionally similar to those found on archaeological iron. The sensors have been tested in both stable and dynamic relative humidity environments, within a test chamber and in ersatz heritage type, desiccated boxes. The corrosion rates and reactions were compared to those of heritage iron. Pre-corroded ERCM are shown to give similar corrosion rates to heritage iron; though direct calibration was not possible, further research is likely to remedy this. The final outcomes of the project are discussed with respect to the closeness of fit between proxy and archaeological iron corrosion rate data, benefits and shortcomings of the system and how the corrosion data affects current conservation understanding. It is concluded that the technique can detect corrosion rates down to storage relative humidity levels, provides more accurate representation of corrosion rate for chloride infested iron objects than bare metal ERCM, can be calibrated to suite specific objects and could represent excellent cost-effectiveness for environmental monitoring in heritage institutions.
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McWilliams, Anna. "An Archaeology of the Iron Curtain : Material and Metaphor." Doctoral thesis, Södertörns högskola, Arkeologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-20766.
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The Iron Curtain was seen as the divider between East and West in Cold War Europe. The term is closely connected to the Cold War and expressions such as ‘behind the Iron Curtain’ or ‘after the fall of the Iron Curtain’ are common within historical discussions in the second half of the twentieth century. Even if the term was used regularly as a metaphor there was also a material side with a series of highly militarised borders running throughout Europe. The metaphor and the material borders developed together and individually, sometimes intertwined and sometimes separate. In my research I have carried out two fieldwork studies at sites that can be considered part of the former Iron Curtain. The first study area is located between Italy and Slovenia (formerly Yugoslavia) in which the division between the two towns of Nova Gorica on the Slovenian side and Gorizia on the Italian side was investigated. The second study area is located on the border between Austria and Czech Republic (formerly Czechoslovakia) within two national parks. A smaller study was also carried out in Berlin as the Berlin Wall is considered of major importance in the context of the Iron Curtain. This research has resulted in large quantities of sources and information and a constant need to re-evaluate the methods used within an archaeology of a more recent past. This thesis falls within what is usually referred to as contemporary archaeology, a fairly young sub-discipline of archaeology. Few large research projects have so far been published, and methods have been described as still somewhat experimental. Through my fieldwork it has been possible to acknowledge and highlight the problems and opportunities within contemporary archaeology. It has become clear how the materials stretch both through time and place demonstrating the complex process of how the material that archaeologists investigate can be created. The material of the Iron Curtain, is also well worth studying in its own right.
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Van, Zyl Megan. "An Analysis of the objectives and general principles of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation's Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage." Cape Town, South Africa : Unitersity of Cape Town, 2005. http://lawspace.law.uct.ac.za:8080/dspace/handle/2165/61?mode=full.
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Gao, Qian. "World Heritage, Archaeological Tourism and Social Value in China." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/401428.
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This doctoral thesis explores the relationship between archaeological tourism, World Heritage and social value in contemporary China. It intends to provide an innovative insight into such connections by scrutinizing the impact of archaeological tourism on the social values that local communities attribute to archaeological sites that are either inscribed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites or in the process of becoming one. Archaeological tourism refers to people’s activity of consuming the past through visiting places of archaeological significance. In this doctoral thesis, the discussion concerning archaeological tourism focuses on specific types of archaeological sites; those that are either inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List or are in the process of achieving World Heritage Status. The growing commercialization of archaeological sites for tourism, compounded by the rising influence of the World Heritage List, has greatly affected the lives of communities in the immediate vicinity of archaeological sites. One way to comprehend such an effect is to analyze the changes in the social values assigned to those sites by their local residents. This is because archaeological tourism has an ability to (re)create and modify those social values attributed to archaeological sites by their local population, by changing their function, capacity, quality and meaning. In this process, the UNESCO World Heritage List also plays an important role in providing advice on the touristic transformation of these sites in preparation for World Heritage inscription, especially during the pre-nomination period.Set against this background, this doctoral thesis aims to analyze the impact of tourism on the social values that local communities attribute to archaeological sites that are either on the UNESCO World Heritage List or in the process of being assigned World Heritage status. The Daming Palace archaeological site and the Huashan rock art area are taken as its case studies. Both sites are excellent examples when it comes to representing Chinese archaeological sites in the two main phases of attaining World Heritage status; nomination and full designation. In order to achieve the general aim of this doctoral research, four objectives are proposed. The first is the identification ofthe main issues that have emerged from the current development of archaeological tourism in China. Secondly, this thesis critically examines the development of archaeological tourism at the two case study sites. Thirdly, an in-depth analysis is made of the perceptions and attitudes of local communities towards such development in the two cases studied. The final objective is the discussion of the impact of archaeological tourism on social values attributed to the two sites by their local communities with reference to the influence of the World Heritage List. To attain these objectives, the investigation undertaken in this doctoral thesis employs qualitative approaches under the theoretical framework of archaeological ethnography. The ultimate goal of the research is to encourage further reflection on the existing management mechanisms of archaeological heritage in China and worldwide.Esta tesis doctoral analiza la relación entre turismo arqueológico, Patrimonio Mundial y valor social en China, proporcionando una visión innovadora en las conexiones establecidas entre cada uno de estos tres parámetros. Se pretende examinar el efecto que el turismo arqueológico está teniendo en los valores sociales que las comunidades locales atribuyen a los sitios arqueológicos que, o están inscritos ya como Patrimonio Mundial de la UNESCO, o que están en proceso de convertirse en tales. El primero de los elementos centrales en este trabajo es el “turismo arqueológico”, concepto con el que nos referimos a la actividad de consumir el pasado a través de la visita a lugares que contienen monumentos y otro tipo de cultural material del pasado. En muchas partes del mundo, los sitios arqueológicos se utilizan cada vez más para fines comerciales sobre todo mediante la promoción del turismo cultural, a la vez que, dada su capacidad para hacer propaganda narrativas nacionales y siguiendo una tradición establecida durante los dos últimos siglos, siguen siendo explotados como medio de promoción del nacionalismo. Con esto quiero dar a entender que estas dos funciones que acabo de exponer más arriba, por una parte la promoción de la identidad nacional y la educación del público sobre la narrativa nacional y por la otra el turismo arqueológico-cultural no son incompatibles, siendo este último el de más reciente aparición pero habiéndose convertido hoy en día en un componente cada vez más importante de la economía local e incluso nacional, puesto que fomenta la generación de ingresos y la creación de puestos de trabajo. El segundo de los elementos centrales a esta tesis doctoral es el Patrimonio Mundial. El análisis de la forma en la que el turismo está afectando a la arqueología se centrará no en todos los sitios arqueológicos sin distinción, sino en aquellos que ya han inscritos en la Lista del Patrimonio Mundial o están en proceso avanzado de conseguirlo. Con “Lista del Patrimonio Mundial”. El valor social, el tercer elemento crucial en esta tesis doctoral, está relacionado con la reflexión sobre las comunidades locales en áreas de Patrimonio Mundial.
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Perez-Alvaro, Elena. "Challenging the taken-for-granted in the management of underwater cultural heritage : ethical and legal perspectives." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6178/.
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Management of cultural heritage depends on ethical decisions. These ethical decisions will bestow the heritage with a value and will protect it by establishing legal frameworks. However, sometimes, these legal frameworks can have the opposite effect and damage the heritage if they are not continuously revised and updated according to the new ethical challenges of the development in the field of cultural heritage. Although underwater cultural heritage has a legislative element that protects it from the relatively minor threat of treasure hunters, it pays little attention to ethical concerns that expose the heritage to more serious menaces. This study proposes (contrary to the traditional view of land heritage management as an example to underwater heritage management) a new vision where underwater cultural heritage challenges principles that in land heritage management have been taken for granted: valuation, use, management and preservation. The work presents four case studies as models both for illustrating the key ethical issues and for offering solutions: the violin of the Titanic, ancient lead for particle physics experiments, watery graves and the effects of climate change on underwater cultural heritage. Finally this work explores themes of value, ethics and the process in which a common object becomes heritage.