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1

Karadza, Adna. "DEMOKRATISERINGEN I BOSNIEN & HERCEGOVINA OCH KROATIEN -Bosnien & Hercegovinas och Kroatiens väg mot demokrati." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-73046.

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Josip Broz, so called Tito, was the leader of the Communist Yugoslavia, after his death in 1980, economic problems began to arise as Tito had major debts that the country's population did not know about. Yugoslavia was split in 1992 as the war broke out and the countries became six different sub-republics and federations. One of the major reasons that the war broke out was the economic problem, as none of the Republics would take on the debt and instead chose to blame each other. In the post war period an agreement was reached, the 1995 Dayton Agreement, which was established in the purpose of rebuilding Bosnia, which has a multicultural population that includes Bosnians, Bosnian born Serbians and Bosnian born Croatians. The purpose of this essay was to study how Bosnia and Herzegovina’s and Croatia's road to democracy has developed after the Dayton agreement. The method of this essay has for the most part been a qualitative content analysis and descriptive analysis as the essay consists of critically reviewed texts. Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia's road to democracy have developed differently in terms of approaches as well as the period of time. Bosnia and Herzegovina have been and still are cooperating with Sweden and other international organisations in seeking a sustainable state that strives for human rights and a sustainable economy. Croatia had an agreement with the European Union(EU) to meet the criteria required to become members. Croatia succeeded in joining the EU, today Bosnia is still cooperating with Sweden in developing the country in a slow ongoing progress.
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2

Sofic, Elvira. "Koalitionsdemokrati i Bosnien och Hercegovina : En fallstudie av demokratiutvecklingen i Bosnien och Hercegovina." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-69935.

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This study aims to investigate the democracy development i Bosnia and Herzegovina. Since 1995, when the Dayton Peace Agreement was signed, Bosnia has been undergoing an democratization, but despite that the country is still year 2017 classified as ”partly free”. In this study the democracy-enhancing factors: civil society and the political system are being related to the Dayton Peace Agreement and are tested against liberal democratic values and Consociational Democracy theory. This study is a qualitative case study and following questions are being looked into:   -       Which factors within the civil society and political system limit the democracy development in Bosnia and Herzegovina? -       To what extent does the Dayton Peace Agreement limit Bosnia and Herzegovina’s democracy development? -       To what extent is Bosnia and Herzegovina an Consociational Democracy?   The fact that Bosnia has a divided and multiethnic society puts a foundational ground for a possible consolidated consociational democracy. Furthermore, the functions of the civil society, political system and the Dayton Peace Agreement are being discussed and the shortcomings of each are being highlighted. The results of this study indicate that Bosnia’s long democratization development is primarly based on the unwillingness to cooperation between the three constitutional groups, the exclusion of minority groups and the Dayton Peace Agreement’s regulations on a political system that is not sustainable for a stable democratic state.
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3

Seitz, Kristina, and Ervin Krnjic. "Utländska direktinvesteringar i Bosnien och Hercegovina." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Business Studies, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1130.

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Bakgrund: En av de viktigaste förutsättningarna för att Bosnien och Hercegovina ska kunna åstadkomma en hållbar ekonomisk tillväxt, är att landet integreras i världsekonomin och skapar ett klimat som främjar utländska investeringar. Idag råder det hård konkurrens mellan länder när det gäller att attrahera utländska investerare, och det är upp till varje land att utveckla effektiva strategier för att kunna hantera konkurrensen.

Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka vad Bosnien och Hercegovina gör för att attrahera utländska direktinvesteringar. Vidare är vårt syfte att studera vilka effekter landets aktiviteter har på utländska investerare.

Metod: För att uppnå syftet med uppsatsen används en metodtriangulering bestående av intervjuer med experter, en enkätundersökning av utländska företag i Bosnien och Hercegovina, en deltagande observation samt olika rapporter och andra skriftliga källor.

Resultat och slutsats: Undersökningen visar att Bosnien och Hercegovina har flera fördelar som kan erbjudas till utländska investerare, framförallt naturresurser, men även turismsektorn har potential att utvecklas. Den makroekonomiska stabiliteten upplevs även som mycket fördelaktig. För närvarande finns det däremot fler hinder än fördelar för utländska investerare. Samtliga intervjurespondenter påpekar att den svaga infrastrukturen och den dåliga imagen som landet har i världen, försvårar för utländska investeringar. Faktorer som upplevs som hinder för utländska investerare bottnar främst i det fattiga företagsklimatet och det otillräckliga stödet från regeringen och andra statliga institutioner. Vissa framsteg har gjorts i detta avseende, men för närvarande är det svårt att göra landet konkurrenskraftigt när det gäller att attrahera utländska investerare. Avsaknaden av ett generöst heltäckande incitamentsprogram gör det omöjligt att framhäva de fördelar som finns. Det geografiska läget kan inte utnyttjas med den undermåliga infrastrukturen och de skatteincitamenten som erbjuds får föga effekt när affärsklimatet upplevs som oattraktivt med krångliga regler och långa procedurer. Detta beror på att landets tillgångar inte är identifierade och att få resurser används för att utveckla effektiva strategier för att marknadsföra dem. Uppgiften att förbättra landets image blir därför svår med de förutsättningar som ges.


Background: To become an economically self-sustainable country Bosnia and Herzegovina needs to create the necessary conditions for an accelerated economic recovery, an integration in the world economy and to create a business environment that promotes FDI. Because of the hard competition among countries there is a need to enhance the capacity to attract FDI. Each country has to develop efficient strategies in order to be competitive.

Purpose: The purpose of this essay is to examine what Bosnia and Herzegovina does to attract FDI and to identify those factors that are important in determining investment decisions and that influence the environment for conducting business in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Method: In order to attain the purpose of the essay the authors have used a triangulation of methods consisting interviews with experts, a survey of companies that have made foreign investments in Bosnia and Herzegovina and a participant observation.

Results and Conclusions: The study identifies several available advantages for foreign investors in Bosnia and Herzegovina. There is a potential in industries based on natural resources, but there is also a potential for tourism. The macroeconomic stability is also seen as an advantage for the country. The results of the study also show that there are many obstacles for foreign investors. The interview respondents saw the undeveloped infrastructure and the bad image of the country as factors that aggravate the possibility to attract FDI into the country. The poor business environment and the weak support given from the government and other public institutions have been identified as those factors that mainly influence investment decisions negatively. Progresses have been made in Bosnia and Herzegovina, but not enough to be strongly competitive when it comes to attracting FDI. The lack of a general incentive program makes it difficult to emphasise the existing advantages. The weak infrastructure makes it hard to promote the favourable geographic position, and the tax incentives that are offered can hardly be used to attract FDI, because of the unattractive business climate with long administrative procedures. The assets in Bosnia and Herzegovina have not been recognized and there is no general strategy to promote them. Because of these conditions it’s difficult to improve the image of the country.

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4

Burdzovic, Nerma. "Sveriges utvecklingssamarbete med Bosnien och Hercegovina." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21120.

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5

Fax, Martin. "Demokrati på export : OSSE:s demokratiseringsarbete i Bosnien - Hercegovina." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2633.

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stater bildats på internationellt initiativ vilket verkade fungera under 40 år för Jugoslavien men de etniska motsättningarna i landet utnyttjades av nationalistiska partier efter kommunismens fall vilket trappade upp de etniska konflikterna och resulterade i ett inbördeskrig som varade i fyra år. 1994 hölls det ett fredssamtal i Dayton vilket resulterade i ett fredsavtal, The General Framework Agreement for Peace (GFAP). I GFAP gavs OSSE, som är den största regionala säkerhetsorganisationen i världen med 55 medlemsstater från Europa, Centralasien och Nordamerika, uppdraget att säkra freden och demokratisera landet. Detta innebar en demokratisering uppifrån med en begränsad möjlighet till inflytande vad det gäller den bosniska befolkningen. Detta reser frågan om denna sortens demokratiexports möjlighet till framgång? Den internationella interventionen och fredsavtalet som följde syftade inte bara till att få slut på kriget i regionen utan också till att skapa helt nya institutioner för interagerande i alla delar av statsapparaten och det civila samhället. Den demokratiska processen i Bosnien kräver väl fungerande institutioner på alla nivåer inom statsapparaten samt ett fungerande civilt samhälle. Utan dessa kan inte en demokratisering genomföras. Därför har OSSE:s demokratiseringsprojekt fokuserats på två övergripande frågor. Den ena är att omvandla institutioner från en formell demokrati med en rad officiella regelsystem, institutioner och procedurer till en substantivdemokrati inkluderande politisk jämlikhet, maktfördelning en politisk kultur och demokratisk delaktighet. Men endast demokratiska institutioner är inte nog för att skapa ett demokratiskt system, för att skapa en livskraftig och uthållig demokrati måste det även finnas en medborgarkår med demokratiska värderingar, vare sig dessa uppbringas genom propaganda eller utbildning. Därför är det fokus för OSSE att skapa ett aktivt civilt samhälle och medverkandekultur samt främja medborgarnas deltagande i statens angelägenheter. Övergångsteorin som är uppsatsen teoretiska utgångspunkt ser på demokrati som skapad av medvetna och hängivna aktörer med en vilja till kompromissande. Historiska exempel har visat att en demokratisk utveckling kan startas och lyckas även om den genomförs uppifrån och i ett samhälle som saknar en stark demokratisk kultur. Härigenom kan demokrati skapas även om människor inte vill ha den, eller kan hantera den på ett effektivt sätt. En rad projekt har startats i Bosnien för att åstadkomma denna demokratiska förändring, men framstegen har varit svåra att få till stånd samt varit tidsödande. Mycket av problematiken i Bosnien grundas i de etniska konflikterna mellan de olika grupperingarna i landet och att dessa har sina lojaliteter riktade mot andra håll än mot den Bosniska staten. Politisk konkurrens bygger fortfarande mycket på etnicitet och de bosniska politikernas har en uppenbar vana att sätta käppar i hjulen på den demokratiska processen och reformarbetet. Den djupa misstron mellan de olika etniska grupperna efter kriget och en avsaknad av en stabil demokratisk värdegrund ställer höga krav på OSSE:s arbete och har visat sig svåra att överkomma. Den demokratiska utvecklingen har gått långsamt, mycket långsammare än vad det internationella samfundet hade hoppats på, men framsteg görs. Frågan är om demokratiexport kan fungera i ett land så djupt splittrat som Bosnien, i alla fall på en så kort tid som har förflutit. Ett generationsskifte är kanske vad som behövs för att en riktig demokrati skall kunna slå rot, men omdemokratisering uppifrån kan fungera i Bosnien får tiden utvisa. Men en sak är säker Bosnien idag är en bättre plats än var den var i början av 1990-talet och OSSE:s arbete har resulterat i en framgångar.

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6

Hoderová, Pavla. "Bosna a Hercegovina a její vztahy k EU." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76004.

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This paper analyzes current situation in BiH v european context with emphasis on BiH relations with European union. Although we could consider EU as major power, there are other international actors which have also significant influece there. These are BiH neighbours - Croatia and Serbia, Russian federation and United states of America.
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7

Carson, Jason. ""A Leader Despite Himself?" An analysis of the statesmanship of Alija Izetbegović, 1990-2000 /." Diss., St. Louis, Mo. : University of Missouri--St. Louis, 2009. http://etd.umsl.edu/r3883.

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8

Rupic, Adi, Tobias Ingjald, and Mahir Hamushi. "Utländska investeringar i Bosnien och Hercegovina : Hinder och möjligheter." Thesis, Örebro University, Swedish Business School at Örebro University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-4789.

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Denna uppsats behandlar de möjligheter och problem som kan uppstå vid etablering av

företag i Bosnien och Hercegovina. Syftet med uppsatsen är att genom en empirisk studie med

intervjuer på fyra personer som etablerat sig på den bosniska marknaden presentera deras

upplevelser kring etableringsprocessen och kring den bosniska mikro- och makromiljön, att

genom en empirisk studie med intervjuer, seminarier samt vetenskapliga artiklar och rapporter

beskriva vilka hinder och möjligheter som finns vid etablering på den bosniska marknaden

och att genom en analys av det empiriska materialet utifrån den teoretiska referensramen

skapa en ökad förståelse för den bosniska marknaden om vilka problem och möjligheter som

finns.

Studien bygger främst på empiriskt material som författarna har samlat in under en

tvåveckorsvistelse i Bosnien och Hercegovina. Målet med vistelsen var dels att samla in det

empiriska materialet genom djupintervjuer men även att som författare få en djupare

förståelse för fenomenet som studeras i denna uppsats. Det empiriska materialet har sedan

analyserats med hjälp av relevanta teorier och utmynnat i en slutsats i vilken frågeställningen

och syftet besvaras.

Resultatet av studien visar på gemensamma problem och möjligheter utifrån respondenternas

upplevelser. Möjligheterna som framkommer är bland annat billig och pålitlig arbetskraft, stor

potentiell tillväxtmarknad och närmandet till EU. Hinder som företag kan stöta på i Bosnien

och Hercegovina är oftast av byråkratisk eller infrastrukturell karaktär samt språkliga hinder.

De flesta av respondenterna rekommenderar Bosnien och Hercegovina som en potentiell

etableringsmarknad men belyser samtidigt vikten av kunskapsinhämtning eller lokala

samarbetspartners med kännedom om den bosniska marknaden.

Sökord: Bosnien och Hercegovina, Bosnien, BiH, investeringar, direktinvesteringar, FDI,

internationalisering, etableringsmöjligheter, etableringshinder, potentiell marknad

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Kadric, Sanja. "Ottoman Bosnia and Hercegovina: Islamization, Ottomanization, and Origin Myths." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1523972390663303.

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BAUMLER, MARK FREDERICK. "CORE REDUCTION SEQUENCES: AN ANALYSIS OF BLANK PRODUCTION IN THE MIDDLE PALEOLITHIC OF NORTHERN BOSNIA (YUGOSLAVIA)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184044.

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The study of core reduction, or how little raw material was transformed into flakes which could be used for tools, is fundamental to the interpretation of most archaeological lithic assemblages. A distinction can be made in this regard between the "manner" of core reduction, or the mechanics of flake removal, and the "method" of its reduction, which focuses upon the sequence of core preparation and tool blank production. The emphasis in current lithic studies has been upon the former aspect of the core reduction process. Evidence for the method of flaking cores in prehistory has not been as widely or thoughtfully addressed and, consequently, a comprehensive theory and methodology for its study is lacking. This dissertation addresses itself to the problems of reconstructing core reduction sequences from archaeological assemblages of chipped stone. It introduces the theoretical background and associated methodology that is necessary to approach the study of the method of core reduction, without the aid of backfitting or the assumptions involved in replicative studies. This approach is based not only on the cores discarded after reduction but also on an interpretation of those features of the flakes that can inform upon their role and place in the core reduction sequence. The potential of the method is assessed through an analysis of blank production at several Middle Paleolithic sites in Northern Bosnia, Yugoslavia. Of these, the sites of Zobiste and Visoko Brdo form the basis of an interpretation of the core reduction strategies practiced in this area during the early Upper Pleistocene. This strategy is shown to be a result of the varying interaction between the nature of the raw material source, the intent of the knapper, and the principles of the lithic reduction process itself. The new data presented and the perspective achieved from the study of the core reduction sequence will be useful for future studies of the Middle Paleolithic in this area and in the comparison of these industries with other regions of the Old World.
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Maček, Ivana. "War within everyday life in Sarajevo under siege /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Uppsala University Library [distributor], 2000. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/51681203.html.

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12

Burazerovic, Miran. "Bosnien-Hercegovina - en studie om försoning mellan tre etniska grupper." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Social Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1816.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate if reconciliation between former war-enemies and ethnic groups (Muslims, Croats and Serbs) in Bosnia and Hercegovina is possible today. Reconciliation between these groups is necessary for the development of the state and sustainable peace. In order to fulfil the aim I have applied qualitative conversation interviews together with qualitative literature study.

In this research I have studied the three largest parties (SDA, HDZ and SDS) in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Conversation interviews were made with two representatives of each party. The reconciliation theory and the recommendations that the theory advocates were used in the study. The recommendations were also used to create interview questions that gave me relevant empirical data from the interviews. The interview data with the high representatives of these political parties led to a valid result.

The conclusions show that reconciliation between these three ethnic groups in Bosnia and Herzegovina is not possible today. Huge political, economical and social changes and improvements are necessary. All three classes, top-level, middle-range and grassroots, must get involved in the process if reconciliation is to be possible.

Keywords: Bosnia and Herzegovina, reconciliation, ethnic groups, political parties.

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Axen, Johanna, Julia Dahlin, and Aida Muhic. "Lika barn leka bäst? : Affärskulturella upplevelser från Bosnien & Hercegovina." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-13177.

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Denna uppsats har i syfte att undersöka och framföra svenska affärsmäns upplevelser av den bosniska affärskulturen. Det vi ville ta reda på var hur svenskar upplevde affärskulturen i landet men även undersöka hur svenskar som är födda i Bosnien och Hercegovina (B&H) upplevde affärskulturen. Vår första huvudfråga är; Hur upplever svenska affärsmän den bosniska affärskulturen? Vår andra huvudfråga är; Hur upplever svenska affärsmän som är födda i B&H den bosniska affärskulturen? Vidare har vi valt att undersöka om eventuella affärskulturella skillnader påverkar företagets transaktionskostnader. För att på bästa sätt besvara dessa frågor har vi valt en abduktiv ansats och vidare haft en flerfallstudie som forskningsstrategi. Den teoretiska referensramen i vår studie beskriver internationalisering, institutionell teori, transaktionskostnader samt relationer. I det empiriska kapitlet har vi valt att tillägga ett mindre avsnitt om Sverige och B&Hs historia, politik, ekonomi samt religion och etnicitet i landet. Detta görs för att ge läsaren en bakgrund och större förståelse för ländernas utveckling och kultur idag. Det empiriska kapitlet innehåller även information från fem olika affärsmän som alla har erfarenheter av att göra affärer i B&H. I vår analys diskuterar och kopplar vi samman empirikapitlet med teorikapitlet. I analysen beskriver vi kopplingen mellan ländernas historia, politik och ekonomi samt andra viktiga faktorer som har påverkat kulturen i länderna med institutionell teori. Vidare diskuterar vi relationer och kommunikation samt transaktionskostnader. Slutligen framförs våra slutsatser där vi kommit fram till att institutionerna i Sverige och B&H är väldigt olika vilket har format och påverkat affärskulturen i länderna. Vidare drar vi en slutsats att relationer står i centrum i B&H. Detta leder därför till högre transaktionskostnader än i Sverige. Nyckelord: Bosnien & Hercegovina, internationalisering, affärskultur, institutioner, transaktionskostnader, affärsrelationer.
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Rupic, Adi. "Turismutveckling i ett efterkrigsland : Marknadsföring av turismen i Bosnien-Hercegovina." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-1812.

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Bakgrund: Bosnien-Hercegovina fick under Jugoslavienkriget i början på 90-talet sin turismnäring ödelagd. Turismnäringen i landet har ännu inte återhämtat sig trots att landet har en stor potential när det kommer till utbudet av turismdestinationer. För att återuppbygga turismnäringen i ett land som har blivit drabbat av ett krig krävs det stora satsningar för att åter vinna turisternas förtroende och för att sända ut en positiv bild av landet då turismen är en viktig inkomstkälla och kan användas som ett verktyg för att utveckla och få igång ekonomin efter ett krig. Problemet som denna studie ska försöka ge svar på är hur efterkrigslandet Bosnien-Hercegovina ska bära sig åt för att återskapa turismindustrin och marknadsföra landets, för turister attraktiva destinationer.

Problem: Hur ska Bosnien-Hercegovina marknadsföra sina turistdestinationer för att åter locka turister till landet? Vilken typ av destinationer ska landet marknadsföra för att på bästa sätt återuppliva turismnäringen?

Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att utreda hur ett efterkrigsland som Bosnien-Hercegovina bör hantera en efterkrigssituation för att återskapa turismnäringen i landet. Studien kommer att belysa de möjligheter som finns i landet och de destinationer som landet bör marknadsföra för att på bästa sätt återuppliva turismnäringen.

Resultat: Studien som har genomförts visar att Bosnien-Hercegovina bör för att lyckas med turismen satsa på att marknadsföra de nischade destinationerna inom makrodestinationen. När dessa marknadsförs till olika turistgrupper och under olika årstider väcks intresse för landet från flera olika håll samtidigt vilket indirekt borde gynna makrodestinationen Bosnien-Hercegovina.

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Vanja, Hamzic. "Människohandel : en modern form av slaveri - Exemplet Bosnien- och Hercegovina." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2962.

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This qualitative study focuses on the investigation of different actor’s ideas concerning gender and womanhood in a post-socialist nation Bosnia and Herzegovina. The aim of this study is to try to provide experiences and attitudes of one not a new, but definitely one constantly changing phenomenon, trafficking in women for sexual exploitation. The qualitative data is mainly collected through nine interviews with people from Bosnian Governments, International organizations and NGOs during my stay in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The causes to trafficking are complex and intertwined but it directly relates to gender discrimination and attitudes on sexual relationships between women and men. The study sheds light on how the global politics and economics development situation and theirs affectsprovide gender segregation through the traditionally structures where men are seen as normative.

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Zorlak, Ema. "Den första motorvägen : problem av infrastrukturen i Bosnien och Hercegovina." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Business Studies, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-548.

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Internationella infrastrukturprojekt är globala och offentliga processer. Globala kan de anses vara för att flera länder är involverade, och offentliga är de för att allmänheten måste vara deltagande part under processens gång.

Bosnien och Hercegovina är det enda landet i Europa som inte byggt en motorväg. Landet är ett efterkrigsland som har haft svårigheter med uppbyggnaden av infrastrukturen. Det största problemet var bristen på statliga finanser. 1997 blev BiH medlem i PETrN (Pan European

Transport Net), varefter planerna för ett motorvägsbygge återinfördes och denna gång blev allvarligt studerade. Projektet fick namnet “5c”, ett vägnät som skulle integrera landet med resten av Europa.

Under de senaste 5 åren har motorvägen varit aktuell. Problemen uppstod när finansieringsfrågan framträdde. Staten hade svårigheter med budgeten och privata investerare söktes. Ett stort bolag ställde upp på att finansiera hela projektet men motstånd fanns hos de politiska partierna.

I samband med det här projektet har jag beskrivit ett annat, lyckat projekt, nämligen Öresundsbron. Öresundsprojektet har blivit lyckat eftersom resultaten visat sig positiva och framgångsrika. Frågan blir, vilka svårigheter måste BiH bemöta för att lyckas lika bra som Sverige gjorde.

Infrastrukturprojekt har alltid haft anhängare och motståndare. Orsaken har att göra med projektets betydelse och vad det kommer att medföra. Allteftersom projektet är allmänt och berör alla så medför det eventuell kritik. De olika deltagande strävar efter olika mål och kräver olika lösningar. En beslutsprocess tar tid. Deltagare träffas vid särskilda sammanträden och förhandlar. Fördröjningar blir vanliga pga. deltagarnas olika intressen. Målet blir att åstadkomma kompromiss och finna lösningar på problemen. Men blir alla parter verkligen nöjda i slutändan?

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Hadzic, Sabahudin. "Waqf-institution och Gazi Husrev bays bibliotek i Bosnien-Hercegovina." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Biblioteks- och informationsvetenskap / Bibliotekshögskolan, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-18401.

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This thesis is of an historical nature and deals with two institutions in Bosnia and Hercegovina: waqf and the Library of Gazi Husrev bay. These institutions are placed in a societal context which makes it easier to understand their origins, development and decline. The purpose of this thesis is to describe and analyze the history of the Library of Gazi Husrev bay and its specific characteristics as well as analyze the institution of waqf in a societal context. The questions posed by this thesis are: What is waqf and its meaning? What are its benevolent as well as hostile periods? How did the Library of Gazi Husrev bay and its mission develop? The thesis is limited to waqf in its societal context. The method used consists of a qualitative literature study with source criticism and hermeneutics as methods of interpretation. The study shows that waqf is an important societal institution which has roots dating back to early Islamic history, that waqf had/has great importance in the education of Bosnians and the development of society in general, and that it was/is a widespread phenomenon in Bosnia. The thesis also shows that waqf experienced a number of hostile and benevolent periods as well as a neutral one. When it comes to the Library of Gazi Husrev bay, the thesis shows the library’s arduous history, its mission as well as its role in the preservation of Bosnia’s cultural heritage.
Uppsatsnivå: D
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Ramic, Nedim. "Jämförelse av den demokratiska utvecklingen i Bosnien-Hercegovina och Kroatien." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-27518.

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This essay will try to explain and compare the different development steps which Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina have taken after the war. How could countries with such similar backgrounds develop in such different ways? By analyzing and comparing the two countries the purpose was to examine how these countries which had so much in common could develop in so different ways.  My two questions are:  What similarities and differences are there between the development which Bosnia and Croatia have taken after the war?  Why have Croatia succeeded and not Bosnia? My analysis showed that the main reason to the difference between these countries was that Bosnia is divided; all ethnic groups in Bosnia only consider what's best for their own ethnic group and not what's best for the country. Croatia however has expelled the Serbs which made it easier for them to have a succesfull democratic development.
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Begovic, Medina. "Erfarenheter om Evidensbaserad praktik från en verksamhet : I Bosnien-Hercegovina." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för pedagogik (PED), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-69398.

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Studien syftade till att belysa arbetet med missbruksvården i Bosnien-Hercegovina. Det som har studerats är hur de yrkesverksamma ser på forskning, egen erfarenhet samt klientens erfarenheter och önskemål i valet av behandling. Den metodologiska utgångspunkten var en hermeneutisk kvalitativ ansats, där semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts och sedan studerats. Dessa intervjuer utfördes på ett behandlingshem i Bosnien-Hercegovinas huvudstad Sarajevo och antalet intervjupersoner var fem personer. Resultatet visade hur de arbetar på behandlingshem i Bosnien-Hercegovina. Resultatet visade även att Bosnien-Hercegovina använder sig utav evidensbaserad praktik. Vikten ligger i att få en trygg och verksam vård. Evidensbaserad praktik används utifrån tre olika källor, dessa är klientens erfarenhet, behov och önskemål, den professionellas erfarenhet och förmåga samt vetenskaplig kunskap. BosnienHercegovina tillämpar dessa tre olika källor i sitt behandlingsarbete.
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Tomic, Aleksandra. "The media in Bosnia and Herzegovina : a case study of international intervention in media democratization." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33937.

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The thesis examines the work of the media in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the post-war period and efforts to restructure its institutions and change journalistic practices. The main focus is placed the effort of the Organization of Security and Cooperation in Europe to facilitate "free and fair elections" in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the creation of the Media Experts Commission, which was to regulate the work of the media during this period. The difficulty that this Commission met during its work pointed to inadequacy of its mandate, as well as complexity of the issue of media transformation.
The case of restructuring the media in Bosnia and Herzegovina is compared to Poland, which was successful in success in creating more democratic media system, more adequate for a new political environment.
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Hajo, Medya, and Besnik Bunjaku. "En studie om demokratiförutsättningarna i Bosnien-Hercegovina, Makedonien och Serbien/Montenegro." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-15825.

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Demokrati ses som den idealiska styrelseformen. Många länder i världen har börjat etablera demokrati eller i varje fall håller på att demokratiseras. Bosnien-Hercegovina, Serbien/Montenegro och Makedonien är några av dem. Men för att demokratin ska kunna etableras i dessa länder är bestående demokrati och långvarig fred och stabilitet grundläggande förutsättningar. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka demokratiförutsättningar i dessa tre länder. Följande frågeställning ska besvaras: Vilka förutsättningar har Bosnien-Hercegovina, Makedonien och Serbien/Montenegro för demokrati? Vi har använt oss av Axel Hadenius teori om förutsättningar för demokrati som vi sedan har operationaliserat för att kunna besvara frågeställningen. Vi har undersökt den socioekonomiska utvecklingen, det civila samhället, etniska klyftor i befolkningen och institutionella förutsättningar. Vår studie uppvisade liknande resultat i alla tre länderna med vissa variationer. Vi kom fram till att alla tre länderna har dåliga förutsättningar för demokrati. Den socioekonomiska utvecklingen var låg, det civila samhället var svagt och de etniska klyftorna i befolkningen varierade. I Makedonien var de allra störst, medan Serbien/Montenegro och Bosnien-Hercegovina hade märkbart mindre etniska konflikter. De institutionella faktorerna visade olika resultat men alla tre hade i överlag bra förutsättningar för demokrati.
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Basic, Lejla. "Kriget i Bosnien och Hercegovina : religiös pluralitet, ett upphov till krig?" Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-3588.

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Syftet med uppsatsen är att belysa de tre olika religionernas roll på Balkan ur ett historiskt perspektiv, för att vidare kunna besvara frågeställningen, på vilket sätt gav den religiösa pluraliteten upphov till kriget i Bosnien och Hercegovina?

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Lindh, Aras, and Aldijana Salkic. "Turkiet och Bosnien & Hercegovina : Stor och liten siktar mot stjärnorna." Thesis, Örebro University, Department of Social and Political Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-7224.

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The purpose of this essay is to examine the approach of the EU towards the reform efforts of Turkey and Bosnia and Herzegovina in the countries ambitions for EU memberships. The question formulation of the essay is whether there is differences in Turkey’s and Bosnia and Herzegovina’s qualifications for an EU-membership from an EU perspective. In order to better answer the question, we use two part questions. One is about the criterias and qualifications that need to be met in order to get a membership. The other one is about the approach of the EU towards the two countries concerning EU memberships. Primarily we use official EU documents from which we make a qualitative content analysis. As an advanced feature, we use a comparative analysis in which the countries are compared in relation to each other. The conclusion of our study is that the EU's approach to Turkey's qualification for EU membership is more positive than to Bosnia and Herzegovina. We also conclude that other circumstances may affect our conclusion, and therefore our findings cannot be considered definite.

Keywords: EU, Turkey, Bosnia and Herzegovina, The Copenhagen criteria, democracy, rule of law, human rights, protection of minorities, enlargement.

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Macoun, Pilská Alžběta. "Mezinárodní nevládní organizace v postkonfliktní rekonstrukci (případová studie Bosna a Hercegovina)." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193792.

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The master thesis deals with the role of NGOs in post-conflict reconstruction, the case study is applied to the post-war Bosnia and Herzegovina. The post-conflict reconstruction goes on since the end of the civil war in 1995 there. The aim of this work is to evaluate the fulfillment of the four pillars of the post-conflict reconstruction in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The first chapter follows the theory of peacekeeping operations and theoretical classification of the post-conflict reconstruction. In the second chapter, there is an application of the Dayton Peace Agreement on the four pillars of the post-conflict reconstruction. The third chapter deals with activities of NGOs in Bosnia and Herzegovina and presents some major projects and the overall assessment of their impact. For the methodology was chosen qualitative and quantitative evaluation and analysis and synthesis of data.
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Tošić, Mladen. "State-building processes in post-1995 Bosnia and Herzegovina." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609479.

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Nordtvedt, Kaia Kathryn. "Old bridge in Mostar : a bridge between Muslims and Croats?" Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99736.

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One city in Bosnia-Herzegovina can be seen as a microcosm of a greater ethnic and religious conflict. The city of Mostar has drawn much attention from the international community not only because of its position in Bosnia but because of a small bridge over the Neretva River. This bridge has evolved into an international symbol of hope and reconciliation while at the same time embodying segregation and destruction. This thesis aims to analyse this old bridge in Mostar as a symbol of cultural intervention by the international community. The successes and failures that the bridge encompasses speak to the tumultuous time the international community at large has had in reunifying the war-torn city of Mostar and in extension the country of Bosnia. The bridge has become more than a path over water, but a reflection of the mood and culture of an entire city.
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Bajraktarević, Mersija. "Bosnia and Hercegovina : acknowledging the past for the sake of the future." Thesis, University of Salford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400816.

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Robinson, B. A. "British media military relations and the geopolitics of intervention in Bosnia Hercegovina." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395385.

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Djolai, Marija. "When the rooftops became red again : post-war community dynamics in Bosnia and Herzegovina." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/65086/.

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My thesis explores post-war community formation following the civil war in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992-1995), the deadliest European violent conflict since WWII. The study draws on 18 months of fieldwork and mixed methods data collection in two small towns, Stolac in Southern Herzegovina and Kotor Varoš in Northern Bosnia, which were exposed to intense violence. The thesis uses the concept of community as analytical optic to avoid ethnic "groupism" perspective, which so often obscures the complexity of social relations and the dynamics of communal life in Bosnia-Herzegovina. It understands community as a place and social relations, and also the psychological sense of community. The thesis argues that while these combined forms of violence lead to community loss, a psychological sense of community among the members is maintained, and plays an important role in post-war community formation. The thesis shows that post-war community formation is not a linear process but a dynamic one, which occurs at different levels of the communal social organization. By exploring daily life and historical narratives of the violence in two different post-war communities, the thesis makes a case that community formation is primarily a localized process, which has a way of bypassing ethnonationalist hegemonies. It makes and original contribution by focusing both on the social interactions and creating a space through interactions between the place and the social in the new community emerges through everyday life.
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Muminovic, Mirnes. "En komparativ analys av konsolideringen av demokratin i Kroatien respektive Bosnien & Hercegovina." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, SV, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-9474.

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This essay has the ambition to examine and compare Croatia’s and Bosnia and Herzegovina’s development towards a consolidated democracy. By applying Linz & Stepen’s theory on how to consolidate a democracy and put focus on political society, behavioral patterns, attitude and constitutional structure the purpose is to find similarities and differences between Bosnia and Croatia within this field. The focus of this study is to compare two similar countries that have developed in very different ways. By applying the theory and a comparative method the purpose is to examine why two so similar countries with so much in common have developed in so different ways? In order to better answer the question there are two part questions and these are: What difficulties, concerning consolidation of democracy, have Croatia and Bosnia faced since the democratic transition in the beginning of the 1990s? What similarities and differences in the area of democratic consolidation (with focus on political society, behavioral patterns, attitude and constitutional structure) are there between the two countries? As the analysis shows, the main reason why these two countries differ so much is that Bosnia is a divided country with different nationalities and each nationality only wants to realize its own interest and does not care about what is best for the country as an entity. However, Croatia has recently realized that democracy is the best for the country and its development.
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Basic, Hana. "Demokratiska begränsningar i Bosnien-Hercegovina år 2018 : En studie utifrån Polyarkins sju institutioner." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-76665.

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This study aims to investigate and identify the democratic restrictions in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018. The country is internationally known for its burdensome history of war in the 1990s, however, Bosnia and Herzegovina seems to be in the process of developing. In addition to having one of the world’s most complicated political systems, the country’s efforts to improve their democracy have not been recognized. Therefore, the question at issue will be operationalized by utilizing the theory of polyarchy composed by Robert Dahl. This theory establishes seven institutions; elected political officials, free and fair elections, inclusive suffrage, the right to run for public office, freedom of expression, alternative sources of information and associational autonomy. These institutions will be examined using empiricism that has been developed with textual analysis. Moreover, the institutions will be analyzed to ascertain if these rights can be found within the Bosnian society.                     The results revealed that only one of the institutions, namely, “inclusive suffrage” is maintained in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Four of the remaining institutions, which are; elected political officials, free and fair elections, the right to run for public office and associational autonomy, were recognized as partially maintained. The last two institutions; the right to run for public office and alternative sources of information did not meet the requirements. Due to these results, it can be established that Bosnia and Herzegovina does not maintain all seven requirements of Dahl’s theory. Despite the country’s efforts to improve their democracy, the democratic process of Bosnia and Herzegovina seems to have ceased.
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Blavicki, Slaven. "Islamist terrorist networks in Bosnia and Herzegovina." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Sep/09Sep%5FBlavicki.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Stabilization and Reconstruction))--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2009.
Thesis Advisor(s): M. Hafez, Mohammed ; Shore, Zachary. "September 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on November 05, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Islamist terrorism, Islamic radicals, Wahhabism, Alija Izetbegovic, Bosniaks, Active Islamic Youth. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-86). Also available in print.
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Daradic, Sandra. "Vem ska ha kontroll över Bosnien-Hercegovina? En historisk djupdykning i 1900-talets konflikter." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Teacher Education (LUT), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-866.

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Föreliggande uppsats syftar till att undersöka hur fördelningen av och kontrollen över territorier i

Bosnien-Hercegovina har yttrat sig under valda tidsperioder. Fokus ligger dels på konfliktparterna

och dels på de externa aktörernas roll. Galtungs modell fungerar som verktyg då problematiken med

territoriell kontroll och oförenliga mål undersöks. Materialet till uppsatsen utgörs främst av

undersökningar gjorda av såväl historiker, statsvetare som konfliktforskare och sociologer, vilket

bidrar till att en helhetsbild erhålles. Uppsatsens undersökning börjar med en undersökning av

Daytonavtalets konflikthantering och sedan går den över till 1914-1918, perioden då det första

sydslaviska riket uppstår. Därefter sker undersökningen i kronologisk ordning och avslutas i Dayton

1995, där trådarna knyts ihop. Resultaten visar att konflikter mellan de tre etniska grupperna i

Bosnien-Hercegovina funnits under samtliga tidsperioder och att de demonstrerats med vapen tre

gånger mellan 1914-1995. De externa aktörer som figurerat under de väpnade konflikterna har

påverkat konfliktparterna på olika sätt. Slutsatsen är att de externa aktörerna av olika anledningar

tenderar att ge sitt stöd åt den konfliktpart de har historiska band till.

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Bergerheim, Josef, and Amir Hadzic. "INTRESSENTERNAS BETYDELSE I ARBETET MED HÅLLBARHETSREDOVISNING - En fallstudie på plats i Bosnien & Hercegovina." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-65166.

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Almazaga, Ćatović. "Turizam u ekonomskoj strukturi regije sjeveroistočne Bosne i Hercegovine." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2010. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=73394&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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Hniličková, Martina. "Zvláštnosti podnikatelského prostředí Bosny a Hercegoviny." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-15923.

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This thesis gives an analysis of the entrepreneurial environment in Bosnia and Herzegovina from the perspective of foreign investors, who would like to enter on the market of Bosnia and Herzegovina, either to export on this markert or run a business here. Thesis involves the evaluation of the current state of the entrepreneurial environment of a country and gives the advantages and disadvantages of the country and its specificity for potential investors. Entrepreneurial environment of the country is analyzed using the PEST analysis.
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Muir, Rachel. "Rethinking conflict resolution research in post-war Bosnia and Hercegovina : a genealogical and ontological exploration." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/15000.

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This thesis explores how research is implicated in the constitution of post-war environments, and gives an account of being and becoming a researcher in post-war Bosnia. My main contention is that when peace and conflict researchers conduct research in post-war contexts, their presence, practices, and the consequential production of knowledge and representations, have political effects. I argue that the implications of this have not been fully explained, acknowledged, or problematised within Conflict Resolution, which tends to rely on research approaches and assumptions taken from ‘normal’ science. This thesis suggests how reflexivity and alternatives methodologies, including visual research might be used to represent the emotional, sensory, and often intangible elements of post-war realities. It enacts an engagement in the politics of research and uses reflexive writing and visual methods to draw attention to the importance of the relational aspects of research in postwar environments. Visual journeys are also used to argue that visual methods can provide a way of revisiting the epistemological and ontological assumptions about lived experiences and realities in post-war settings. The thesis is based upon one year of ethnographic fieldwork undertaken in Bosnia, and is also informed by eighteen months of volunteer work with a Bosnian Community Centre in Dewsbury, West Yorkshire.
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Huric, Armina. "En jämförelse mellan den svenska fastighetsmäklaren och den latinska notarius i Federationen Bosnien och Hercegovina." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21107.

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Ändamålet med denna studie är att undersöka, jämföra och analysera vad skillnaderna respektive likheterna är mellan den svenska fastighetsmäklarens kontra den latinska notarien i Federationen Bosnien och Hervegovina gällande rådgivningsplikten. Studien kommer även att beröra delar av yrkenas kontraktskapande samt skyldigheten att agera opartiskt. Studien kommer att ge en tydligare bild på vad kan man förvänta sig få för juridiska råd vid en fastighetsöverlåtelse i respektive land. Likheterna mellan de två yrkena föreligger främst i: 1. fastställa viss fakta, 2) lämna relevant information, 3) att ge adekvat rådgivning, och 4) att upprätta nödvändiga handlingar på ett sätt som är anpassat till den enskilda transaktionen. Skyldigheten att vara opartisk och rådgivningsplikten utgör tillsammans en specifik funktion i fastighetsöverlåtelser, som i Sverige utövas av fastighetsmäklaren och Federationen Bosnien och Hercegovina av notarius: opartisk rådgivning.
The purpose of this study is to examine, compare, and analyze what the differences and similarities are between the Swedish real estate agent versus the Latin notary in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina regarding the duty to give counsel. The study will also affect parts of the professions contractual creation and the duty to act impartially. The study will provide a clearer picture of what can be expected for legal advice on a property transfer in each country.The similarities between the two professions are mainly in: 1) to conduct verifications to ascertain facts, 2) to disclose relevant information, 3) to give adequate advice, and 4) to draw up all necessary deeds in a manner that is tailored to the instant transaction. The duty of impartiality and the duty to counsel constitutes to a specific function in real estate conveyances, common to both professions: impartial counsel.
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Hislope, Robert Lee Jr. "Nationalism, ethnic politics, and democratic consolidation: a comparative study of Croatia, Serbia, and Bosina-Hercegovina." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1243525546.

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Hislope, Robert Lee. "Nationalism, ethnic politics, and democratic consolidation : a comparative study of Croatia, Serbia, and Bosnia-Hercegovina /." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487863429095533.

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Isic, Ermina. "Nationalismens betydelse i kriget i f.d. Jugoslavien : – med fokus på Serbien, Kroatien och Bosnien och Hercegovina." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Social Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2492.

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The purpose of this thesis is to examine the role of nationalism in the former Yugoslavia conflicts, with focus on the most involved parts: Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The conflict was characterized by extensive ethnic cleansing between all ethnic groups (Muslims, Croats and Serbs). This study looks at three different nationalism theories formulated by Ernest Gellner, Benedict Anderson and Thomas Hylland Eriksen through a case study of former Yugoslavia. When the president of former Yugoslavia, Josip Broz Tito died and the communism in Europe was brought to an end Yugoslavia went towards its disintegration. This is when nationalism and ethnic separatism begins. When the nationalism powers won in the elections of 1990, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina declared independence. Both republics had a Serbian minority which was in interest for the dream of creating a Great Serbia. Serbian nationalists declared their independence in these minorities and the conflicts lead to war, first between Croatia and Serbia and later in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The conflict in former Yugoslavia has its roots in various political, cultural, ethnical and religious problems. Ethnic cleansing on the civil people from all ethnic groups started and the ethnic nationalism in the conflicts led to war between three nationalities.

Keywords: Nationalism, etnicitet, Serbien, Kroatien, Bosnien och Hercegovina

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Mahmutspahic, Selma. "Identitet i Bosnien och Hercegovina : Hur identitet har skapats utifrån begreppen nationalitet, etnicitet och religiös åskådning." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper (KV), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-29064.

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Syftet med uppsatsen är att reda ut om det finns ett samband mellan religiös åskådning, nationalitet och etnicitet i Bosnien och Hercegovina och hur sex personer från landet påverkas av detta samband. Meningen är att undersöka intervjupersonernas identitet i jämförelse med begreppen religion, nationalitet och etnicitet. För att reda ut detta problem har sex intervjuer gjorts och fokus har varit på deras känslor och åsikter kring deras egen tillhörighet. Den teoretiska bakgrunden till uppsatsen utåtgår från Peter L Bergers socialisationsteori och Gellners definition av begreppet nationalism och etnicitet. Den tredje teorin utgår från socialpsykologen Mead, som förklarar hur människors identitet skapas. Den metod som har valts är kvalitativ med inriktning på intervjuer. Fyra av sex intervjuer har gjort i Bosnien och Hercegovina, Orasje, på bosniska medan de två andra har gjorts på svenska. Bakgrunden till uppsatsen handlar om hur Jugoslavien skapades och hur nationen föll samt det krig som pågick under början av 90-talet. Resultatet i sin tur kommer presentera intervjupersonerna. Deras berättelser om hur de upplevde Jugoslavien, kriget och Bosnien och Hercegovina idag, samt deras åsikter och tankar kring begreppen religion, nationalitet och etnicitet, kommer att presenteras. Utifrån resultatet är det synligt att det finns en korsning mellan religion och nationalitet. Den sista delen av uppsatsen kommer att behandla resultatet i jämförelse med teorin. Teorin kommer här att fungera som ett hjälpmedel för att försöka reda ut om det finns en koppling mellan religiös åskådning, nationalitet, etnicitet samt varför och hur intervjupersonerna tänker som de gör. Analysen besvarar även frågeställningarna utifrån resultatet.
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43

Kajis, Natasha. "Modern statssuveränitet En analys av hur synen på statssuveränitet har förändrats med Bosnien-Hercegovina som exempel." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2604.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze how the parties (USA, Great Britain, UN and the European Union) legitimize their intervention in Bosnia-Herzegovina as seen from without the conceptions of sovereignty and intervention.

USA and the UN have legitimized their intervention on security reasons. The American president, George W. Bush, claimed that democracies never engage in war with each other and that democracies were prosperous just because they were democracies. According to the president, that is why it is important to democratise the whole Balkan region to protect the international community from terrorism which grows in unstable and undemocratic states. UN resolutions claim that the situation in Bosnia is a threat to international peace and security and urged all state members to do everything they can for stability in Bosnia-Herzegovina.

European Union and Great Britain saw the organized crime that spreads through Balkan as a major threat to Europe. To be able to deal with his problem, EU is asking for more cooperation among the European states. Bosnia is a member of the Council of Europe and is also involved in the Stabilisation and association process for South eastern Europe with the EU. The purpose of these memberships is to foster the political and economic development in Bosnia and lead to full membership in the European Union, but only if Bosnia fulfils all the reforms that EU demands. To get economic aid from the EU, Bosnian leaders are forced to reform and engage in regional cooperation.

In the long run democratisation is the goal for all the parties, while security is the main issue at short-term. That is why the main concern for USA is for now the war on terrorism and organized crime for the EU. When signing the Dayton peace agreement, Bosnian leaders have agreed upon sharing sovereignty with the international community indefinitely. Dayton agreement calls also on all the parties to help Bosnia develop stable and democratic institutions and help the Bosnian leaders in theirs strive for peace.

The international community is based on principles of state sovereignty and non-intervention. Sovereignty can be defined as the right for autonomy and the right for non-intervention. These principles are not as important today as they were during the Cold War. Globalisation and marginalisation has made it more acceptable to intervene and share sovereignty with other states and ganisations. That means that the traditional view on sovereignty as a mean for maintaining order and view on interventions as a threat to the sovereignty is less significant in modern times. The reason for this is that the definition on sovereignty and intervention changes to able to adjust its self to the political situation in the world. That is, definition on sovereignty and interventionwill differ from time to time.

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44

Curan, Almir. "Daytonavtalet : En analys kring dess påverkan på det politiska och juridiska samhället i Bosnien och Hercegovina." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104493.

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The purpose of this essay was to study the impact the Dayton Accords has had on the political society and the judicial society in Bosnia and Herzegovina today. In order to do so, the following questions were asked in the essay:“What does the political society look like in Bosnia and Herzegovina?”,“What does the judicial society look like in Bosnia and Herzegovina?” and ”What type of relation is there between the political and judicial society?”. By using consolidation theory and applying qualitative textual analysis it was conducted that Bosnia and Herzegovina is not a consolidated democracy yet. The country is a transitional or hybrid regimecharacterized by a political society that: partially meets the criteria required in the organization and issuance of political elections, it does not meet the criteria for an autonomous political society, it has a wide range of political parties, and alliances between parties are common, it has election rules that benefits the three largest ethnic groups, and lastly legislators have a partly independent role as long as new legislation does not contribute to any form of sabotage of the Dayton Accords. The country has a judicial society that is: complex and inefficient when it comes to the legal system, it has striking shortcomings in the judiciary and the rule of law, there has been only marginal progress in legislation, and the Dayton agreement has not promoted stability in the country but has instead enabled segregation and discrimination. To conclude, the relation between the political and judicial society is fragile. A reform of the Dayton Agreement, in which the agenda is greater civic inclusion, would enable Bosnia and Herzegovina to move towards a more consolidated democracy.
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45

Hodzic, Alma. "Hur sker utvecklingen i Bosnien? : En studie om nationsbyggandet i Bosnien och Hercegovina – utifrån tre perspektiv." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-34945.

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Nation building is vital in post-war states to bring the people that have been at war together. To restore peace in a state, many different actors need to work together to bring stability, safety, and advancement to a new nation. There are several methods of nation building, and this thesis evolves around three of them. This is a qualitative study where three theories on nation building are used to analyze the development of nation building, and the obstacles Bosnia and Herzegovina still has to reach a national identity. Several studies are used in this thesis to show how the development has evolved in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The method consisted of searching in databases for peer-reviewed articles, finding documents from international actors, and statistics. This thesis reveals that Bosnia and Herzegovina still has a long way to go before it becomes an nation where the citizens feel united, no matter which ethnicity they belong to.
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46

Jujic, Lejla. "Kampen som fortgår: En studie om våldtäktsoffer i Bosnien Hercegovina : Med fokus på maktförhållanden och tystnad." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-73613.

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The following study seeks to explore the theme of what has become known as a serious security problem within the genderfield as well as the peace and development field, strategic rape as a weapon in war. More specifically, the essay analyses women's experiences of rape in the Bosnian war, in order to explore how big of a space is dedicated for these experiences to be expressed in the aftermath of war and in the process of building a nation. The empirical findings consist of stories told by women who have experienced rape during the war, available for the general public to find. With a theoretical framework consisting of a combination of feminist theories surrounding the gender order, the analysis seeks to focus on what power relations and different types of silences can be found in the stories told by war rape victims. The conclusion states that all of the power relations are based on the unequal relationship between the male and female, which influences the relationship between war rapevictims and war criminals, politicians and the victims surrounding. The silence brought to life by stigma transforms into various forms, the main ones referring to the war rapevictims and witih the politicial sphere.
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47

Haveric, Dzavid, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Islamisation of Bosnia: Early Islamic influence on Bosnian society." Deakin University. School of Social and International Studies, 2004. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051123.133900.

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This Masters thesis examines the process of the Islamisation of Bosnia from the eighth century to the end of the fifteenth century. This era of early Islamic influence has not previously been systematically studied, and remains an area little understood by many medievalists. The major foci of the analysis are the pre-Ottoman era and early Ottoman periods. This thesis raises the following research questions: When and how did the first Islamisation of the Balkan Slavs (including Bosnians) occur? How did Islam influence Bosnian society and culture, and where were the Bosnian Muslim settlements established? This thesis includes a detailed historical investigation that makes use of a range of bibliographic materials. These consist of fragmentary works, archival and administrative documents and other relevant factography collected from a research field trip to Bosnia between June 27 and July 24, 2003. The main findings reveal the complexity of this culturo-religious process in terms of both the early Islamic influence and contemporary cultural diversity. While different theoretical approaches to cultural representation and social space assist in exploring the hybrid nature of Bosniak identity, the primary and secondary data analyses highlight the significance of the phenomenon of the early Islamisation of Bosnia
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48

Bertotti, Renata. "Migratory decision-making in post civil war Bosnia : a case study of Banja Luka City /." Abstract, 2008. http://eprints.ccsu.edu/archive/00000517/01/1936Abstr.htm.

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Thesis (M.S.) -- Central Connecticut State University, 2008.
Thesis advisor: Xiaoping Shen. "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geography." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-131). Abstract available via the World Wide Web.
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49

Romeva, Rueda Raül. "Rehabilitación posbélica y construcción de la paz. El caso de la ayuda internacional a Bosnia y Hercegovina." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5215.

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El objeto de estudio de esta tesis tiene que ver con los principales retos y oportunidades de la rehabilitación posbélica en términos concretos de construcción de la paz y de transformación de conflictos, y, en la medida en que se analiza también un caso concreto, con algunos déficits de la rehabilitación entendidos, estos déficits, como disonancias entre objetivos y resultados.
El interés que motiva dicha investigación tiene que ver con el hecho que, si construir la paz parece ya difícil en contextos en los que no hay guerra abierta, lo es mucho más en aquellos en los que hay (contextos bélicos) o ha habido recientemente (contextos posbélicos) un enfrentamiento armado. Y la razón es que, en esos casos, el reto no consiste tanto en volver a la situación institucional, física y social previa a la guerra, como en llevar a cabo las transformaciones necesarias en las estructuras y en las relaciones de forma que desaparezcan, o cuando menos se reconduzcan, las causas que llevaron a que en su momento se alimentara y finalmente estallara el conflicto armado.
En cuanto a las conclusiones generales de la investigación cabe destacar las siguientes: a) se percibe una ausencia de consenso sobre lo que es y no es rahabilitación posbélica y construcción de la paz; b) se constata una ausencia de perspectivas integradas, tanto en términos de análisis, como en términos de coordinación entre fases; c) existe desfase notable entre las lecciones aprendidas y las realmente puestas en practica por parte de los principales actores de ayuda internacional; d) existe confusión y un cierto desconcierto sobre quién debe hacer qué en términos de ayuda posbélica, y e) se constata en muchos casos una clara ausencia de coherencia a nivel sistémico en términos de prevención-reacción ante el estallido de conflictos armados.
Por su parte, con relación al estudio de caso cabe establecer que, si bien la implementación de los Acuerdos de Dayton está avanzando rápidamente (de hecho algunos trabajos plantean que se podría culminar el proceso entre 2-10 años), el hecho de que Bosnia siga siendo un Estado frágil, afectado de una crisis económica grave, con un nivel de corrupción elevado, y dotado de unas instituciones públicas débiles, así como de una sociedad civil también débil, hace de Bosnia un Estado fuertemente dependiente de la ayuda internacional, y convierte a ese país en un protectorado de facto, más que en un Estado de Derecho. En otras palabras, en términos de rehabilitación posbélica y de construcción de la paz en Bosnia, la implementación de los Acuerdos de Paz de Dayton parece ser un marco necesario pero no suficiente. El reto pendiente, por tanto, sigue siendo transformar las instituciones internacionales encargadas de gestionar la ayuda de modo que ésta contribuya al apoderamiento de las instituciones y de la sociedad civil locales para que sea finalmente la propia población bosnia la que acabe asumiendo la conducción de su propio proceso de construcción de la paz y de transformación del contexto, y del conflicto, aunque todo ello exige, así mismo, que los actores locales asuman el reto de afrontar el futuro en clave de paz y convivencia. En este sentido, la posibilidad de que a medio plazo Bosnia pueda estar en condiciones de solicitar su ingreso formal en la Unión Europea supone, efectivamente, un incentivo interesante para dichos actores locales.
The thesis focuses on the main challenges and opportunities of post-war rehabilitation in terms of peace-building and conflict transformation and, by means of a concrete example, looks into some the rehabilitation flaws, that is, discordant objectives and results.
My motivation to have chosen this subject of research stems from the fact that if peace-building efforts prove to be so difficult in areas which are not openly at war, they inevitably become harder in both war-torn and post-war areas where reinstating -not only the institutional, physical and social pre-war framework, but also undergoing the necessary structural and interpersonal transformations which may eradicate or at least reduce the causes that have led to the armed conflict-, becomes the main challenge.
With regard to the general conclusions of the investigation, the following must be emphasised: a) a lack of consensus is perceived on what is and what is not considered post-war rehabilitation and peace-building; b) there is an absence of integrated perspectives, both in terms of analysis and in terms of co-ordination between the different stages; c) there is an obvious gap between what has been learnt (theory) and what has been implemented (practice) on the part of the main international aid actors; d) there is confusion and a certain disorder as to who must do what in terms of post-war aid; and e) a lack of coherence at a systemic level is shown in many cases in as far as prevention and reaction to outbreaks of armed conflicts is concerned.
As regards the case study, it is important to establish that although the implementation of the Dayton Peace Agreement is considerably advanced (in fact, the process is estimated to be completed within the next two to ten years), there are a few considerations to be made.
The fact that Bosnia is still quite a fragile State, which is badly affected by a serious economic crisis and has a high level of corruption, and that the role of both public institutions and civil society is very weak, makes Bosnia strongly dependent on international aid and turns it into a de facto protectorate instead of a State of Right. In other words, in terms of post-war rehabilitation and peace-building in Bosnia, the implementation of the Dayton Peace Agreement seems to be necessary but not sufficient. Thus, the pending challenge continues to be the transformation of international institutions in charge of aid so that aid as such may contribute to the empowering of local institutions and civil society. This will in turn allow the Bosnian population to eventually lead its own peace-building process and transformation of both context and conflict. In order to achieve that, it is essential that local actors take up the challenge of facing the future in peaceful coexistence. In this sense, the possibility that Bosnia may in the medium term be able to apply for membership in the European Union becomes an interesting incentive for the local actors involved.
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Jönsson, Emma. "Samhällsuppbyggnad och demokratisering i Bosnien-Hercegovina : En utvärdering av SIDA:s aktuella verksamheter i Bosnien ur ett fredsperspektiv." Thesis, University of Kalmar, School of Human Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-2360.

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SIDA’s relief work in Bosnia aims at making the country ready for a membership in the EU where the main focus lies in the creation of a sustainable state as well as liberalizing the market to create an increased economic cooperation between Bosnia and the rest of Europe. These ambitions are closely related to the neo-liberal theory of state building which aims at creating democratic societies in line with the western democracy model, with a liberal economy constituting its base. Despite generous financial aid, the democratic and economic development in Bosnia is moving very slowly and the ethnical tensions seem to grow despite international involvement in the country. The purpose of this study is to evaluate SIDA’s present relief work in Bosnia out of a peace perspective. Possibilities and problems with SIDA’s work will be brought up and the study intends to answer whether SIDA’s work in Bosnia serves the perspective of peace. The methodological procedure consists of an analysis of the documents on SIDA’s current relief work in Bosnia and a literature study of theories concerning state building.

The results of the study show that the parts of SIDA’s work in Bosnia that ground in the neo-liberal theory betweentimes undermine economic and democratic development as well as peace. Investments are made to gear Bosnia to European requirements which makes it difficult to accommodate specific Bosnian needs. In the conclusion, a more bottom-up inspired development work from SIDA is therefore suggested where the focus will be on working more from the local and civil society together with actively creating jobs in order to increase the economic development.

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