Academic literature on the topic 'Herbicides'
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Journal articles on the topic "Herbicides"
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Georgiev, Mitko, Antonia Stoyanova, Velika Kuneva, Grozi Delchev, Rodica Sturzu, Cristina Meluca, and Jeni Mădălina Cojocaru. "Study on the Action of Foliar Herbicides and Herbicide Combinations for Control of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Weeds." Romanian Agricultural Research 37 (2020): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.59665/rar3724.
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The action of some foliar herbicides and herbicide combinations for control of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) weeds was studied. To that end against the background of soil applied Stomp 330EK New at a dose of 5 l/ha the herbicides Axial 050EK, Granstar 75DF, Derby Super WG, Sekator OD, Lintur 70WG, and the tank mixtures of Axial with the other herbicides applied in the tillering phenophase of the crop were studied. The species composition and density of weeds was assessed using the quantitative method prior to treatment and after herbicide treatment on days 5, 15 and 30, by constant metering. The herbicide Lintur 70WG and its combination with Axial 050EK had the fastest initial effect. The highest herbicidal effect (99.5%) against annual monocotyledon and dicotyledon weeds showed the combination of Derby Super WG 33 g/ha + Axial 050EK - 900 ml/ha. Very good was the effect of the other herbicidal mixtures between anti-broadleaf herbicides and the graminaceous herbicide Axial 050. All applied herbicides and herbicide mixtures showed a very good after-action on weeds.
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Mallory-Smith, Carol. "Impact of Labeling Herbicides by Site of Action: A University View." Weed Technology 13, no. 3 (September 1999): 662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00046376.
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One of the most consistent recommendations, from both the private and public sectors, for the prevention and management of herbicide-resistant weeds is to rotate herbicides with different sites of action. Therefore, it is imperative that those who make herbicide recommendations and those who apply herbicides know which herbicides have the same or different sites of action. An herbicide's site of action is not obvious from its trade, common, or chemical name, and it is not possible to determine from the label if it has the same site of action as another herbicide.
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Harrison, Howard F. "Developing Herbicide-Tolerant Crop Cultivars: Introduction." Weed Technology 6, no. 3 (September 1992): 613–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00035909.
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In recent years considerable research in the private and public sectors has been directed toward introducing herbicide tolerance into normally susceptible crop species (9). Interest in developing herbicide-tolerant crop cultivars, clones, or hybrids (HTCs)3has been spurred by the reduction in the rate of discovery of new herbicidal compounds, the rising expense of developing new herbicides, and new tools of biotechnology that greatly increased our ability to develop HTC genotypes. Potential benefits of developing HTCs include: a) an increased margin of safety with which herbicides can be used with subsequent reduced crop losses due to herbicide injury, b) reduced risk of crop damage from residual herbicides from rotational crops, and c) introduction of new herbicides for use on normally susceptible crops. The last objective can be considered to be similar to breeding for resistance to diseases or insects. The most serious weed problems for a crop can be solved by developing crop tolerance to herbicides that control the weeds. This approach is particularly promising for minor crops for which new herbicide development is essentially lacking. However, the reluctance of herbicide manufacturers to register their products for minor crops may impede this approach. By developing tolerance to nontoxic, nonpolluting herbicides that are suitable for conservation tillage, the negative environmental effects of weed control can be reduced.
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ALVARENGA, DOUGLAS RODRIGUES, MATHEUS FERREIRA FRANÇA TEIXEIRA, FRANCISCO CLAUDIO LOPES DE FREITAS, MARIA CAROLINA GOMES PAIVA, MARIANA RACHEL NASCIMENTO CARVALHO, and VALDINEI ARAÚJO GONÇALVES. "INTERAÇÕES ENTRE HERBICIDAS NO MANEJO DO MILHO RR® VOLUNTÁRIO." Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo 17, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.18512/1980-6477/rbms.v17n1p122-134.
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RESUMO - A mistura entre herbicidas pode resultar em efeitos sinérgicos, antagônicos ou aditivos no controle do milho voluntário e de outras espécies de plantas daninhas. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a eficiência de diferentes doses do fluazifop-p-butil isolado e na associação com os herbicidas glyphosate, 2,4-D e a mistura glyphosate + 2,4-D. O experimento foi conduzido em vasos contendo cinco litros de solo, com seis doses do herbicida fluazifopp- butil aplicadas em mistura com três herbicidas/mistura [glyphosate, 2,4-D e glyphosate + 2,4-D] em três formas de aplicação (mistura em tanque, aplicados separadamente no mesmo dia e separadamente cinco dias antes da aplicação do fluazipop-p-butil), mais as seis doses do fluazifop-p-butil sem mistura. Verificou-se que o herbicida fluazifop-pbutil aplicado isoladamente controla de modo eficiente plantas voluntárias de híbrido de milho AS 1660 PRO RR nas doses 75 g ha-1, 28 dias após a aplicação (DAA). Porém, a mistura em tanque do fluazifop-p-butil com 2,4-D resultou em redução do nível de controle do milho voluntário. Não houve redução da eficácia no controle do milho quando se aplicou o herbicida fluazifop-p-butil associado ao glyphosate, 2,4-D e a mistura glyphosate + 2,4-D, separadamente no mesmo dia ou cinco dias após.Palavras-chave: antagonismo, fluazifop-p-butil, glyphosate, 2,4-D, Zea mays.INTERACTIONS AMONG HERBICIDES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF THE VOLUNTARY MAIZE RR®ABSTRACT - Mixing herbicides may result in synergistic, antagonistic or additive effects on the control of volunteer maize and other weed species. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of different doses of fluazifopp- butyl alone and in association with the herbicides glyphosate, 2,4-D and glyphosate + 2,4-D mixture. The experiment was carried out in pots containing five liters of soil, with six doses of the herbicide fluazifop-p-butyl applied in a mixture of three herbicides/mixture [glyphosate, 2,4-D and glyphosate + 2,4-D] (tank mix, applied separately on the same day and separately five days prior to the application of fluazipop-p-butyl) plus the six doses of fluazifop-p-butyl without mixing. The isolated fluazifop-p-butyl herbicide was monitored efficiently to control volunteer maize hybrids AS 1660 PRO RR at doses 75 g ha-1, 28 days after application (DAA). However, tank mixing of fluazifop-p-butyl with 2,4-D resulted in a reduction in the level of voluntary maize control. There was no reduction in efficacy in maize control when applied we the herbicide fluazifop-p-butyl associated with glyphosate, 2,4-D and glyphosate + 2,4-D mixture, separately on the same day or five days later.Keywords: antagonism, fluazifop-p-butyl, glyphosate, 2,4-D, Zea mays.
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Furquim, Lucas Tadeu, Patricia Andrea Monquero, and Rafael Pires Silva. "EFEITO DE HERBICIDAS NO CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DO SORGO SACARINO." Nativa 7, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31413/nativa.v7i1.6441.
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A presença de plantas daninhas pode reduzir severamente o rendimento do sorgo sacarino (Sorghum bicolor), e em função do reduzido número de herbicidas registrados, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de herbicidas no crescimento inicial dessa cultura. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições, sendo o haloxyfop-methyl, cyhalofop-butil, fomesafem, imazaquim, lactofen, atrazine, 2,4-D e saflufenacil aplicados em diferentes doses em pós-emergência inicial da cultura e os herbicidas atrazine, atrazine+simazine, hexazinone e s-metolachlor em pré-emergência da cultura. As avaliações de fitointoxicação foram realizadas aos 7, 14, 21 e 30 dias após a aplicação (DAT) e a biomassa seca da parte aérea avaliada aos 30 DAT. Em pós-emergência, os herbicidas haloxyfop-methyl e imazaquim provocaram alta fitointoxicação e impactos na biomassa das plantas. 2,4-D e atrazine não provocaram diferenças significativas com relação à testemunha tanto em fitointoxicação como na biomassa. O herbicida lactofen provocou baixa fitointoxicação, todavia, saflufenacil e fomesafen promoveram fitointoxicação na dose comercial próximo a 40% e alterações na biomassa. Dos herbicidas utilizados em pré-emergência, apenas hexazinone e s-metolachlor demonstraram fitointoxicação e alterações na biomassa. Conclui-se que os herbicidas atrazine, lactofen e 2,4-D podem ser utilizados em aplicações em pós-emergência, e atrazine e atrazine+simazine em pré-emergência.Palavras-chave: fitointoxicação, Sorghum bicolor, pré-emergente, pós-emergente. EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON THE INITIAL GROWTH OF SWEET SORGHUM ABSTRACT: The presence of weeds may severely reduce yield of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), and due to the reduced number of herbicides registered, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of herbicides on the initial growth of this crop. The experimental design was completely randomized with five replicate, being, the herbicides haloxyfop-methyl, cyhalofop-butyl, fomesafem, imazaquim, lactofen, atrazine, 2,4-D and saflufenacil were applied at different initial post-emergence rates and herbicides atrazine, atrazine + simazine, hexazinone and s- metolachlor in pre-emergence of the culture. The phytointoxication evaluations were performed at 7, 14, 21 and 30 days after application (DAT) and the dry biomass of the aerial part evaluated at 30 DAT. In post-emergence, the herbicides haloxyfop-methyl and imazaquim caused high phytointoxication and impacts on plant biomass. 2,4-D and atrazine did not cause significant differences in relation to the control in both phytointoxication and biomass. The herbicide lactofen caused low phytointoxication, however, saflufenacil and fomesafen promoted phytointoxication at commercial dose close to 40% and changes in biomass. Of the herbicides used in pre-emergence, only hexazinone and s-metolachlor demonstrated phytointoxication and changes in biomass. It is concluded that the herbicides atrazine, lactofen and 2,4-D can be used in post-emergence applications, and pre-emergence atrazine and atrazine + simazine.Keywords: phytointoxication, Sorghum bicolor, pre-emergent, post-emergent.
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Hasrin, Nur Syahiidah Aqilah, Nor’aishah Abu Shah, Nur Nadia Dzulkifli, Is Fatimah, and Sheikh Ahmad Izaddin Sheikh Mohd Ghazali. "The Effect of Conventional and Nanoformulation Herbicide on Sphagneticola Trilobata." Trends in Sciences 20, no. 12 (September 3, 2023): 6942. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2023.6942.
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The conventional herbicide 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) provide substantial risk to the environment such as contamination of soil and groundwater. The overuse application of conventional herbicide can leave harmful residues in soil and be washed off as runoff, thus causes toxic effect to nontarget organism. For instance, MCPA can cause toxicity to the freshwater organisms such as Daphnia magna and alga Selenastrum capricornutum. Zinc oxide as nanomaterials that are intercalated with 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (ZMCPA) herbicide may be useful to resolve the problems associated with MCPA. Nanoherbicide are known to provide a better penetration of active substances hence reduces the amount of herbicide to be applied. The nanostructured herbicide such as ZMCPA could substantially replace the conventional herbicide MCPA if it able to kill the targeted weeds efficiently and have a low risk to the environment. Therefore, it is important to compare the differences of herbicidal activity of MCPA and ZMCPA. The objective of this research is to determine the effects of MCPA and ZMCPA on growth and pigment content of Sphagneticola trilobata. The 2nd objective of this research is to measure the physiological effect and effectiveness of herbicidal activity between the conventional and nanoformulation against Sphagneticola trilobata. The preliminary study was conducted to determine a minimal concentration for MCPA to exert its effect on Sphagneticola trilobata. Then, in the main research, Sphagneticola trilobata was exposed to different concentrations of MCPA and ZMCPA in low, medium and high concentrations. The effect of MCPA and ZMCPA on growth and pigment content of Sphagneticola trilobata was observed at 7, 14 and 21 days, respectively. The results indicated there were no obvious differences in plant growth and pigment content observed between treatment of MCPA and ZMCPA at the same exposure concentration at 7, 14 and 21 days, respectively. MCPA showed higher herbicide efficacy than ZMCPA. HIGHLIGHTS Nanoherbicide Development: The intercalation of zinc layered hydroxide (ZLH) with MCPA resulted in ZMCPA, a nanoherbicide with improved delivery and penetration capabilities compared to conventional herbicides. Potential Replacement for Conventional Herbicides: Nanostructured herbicides like ZMCPA have the potential to replace conventional herbicides like MCPA due to their numerous benefits in addressing issues associated with traditional herbicides. Comparable Herbicidal Effectiveness: The study evaluated the herbicidal activity of MCPA and ZMCPA on Sphagneticola trilobata and found that both formulations inhibited the growth of the weed to a similar extent after 7, 14, and 21 days, indicating comparable efficacy between the conventional and nanoformulation herbicides. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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B, Saleh, Jibrin S. A., Y. B. Kajidu, and M. S. Gargo. "A Review on the Effects of Residual Herbicides on Soil Microorganisms." Arid-zone Journal of Basic & Applied Research 1, no. 5 (October 15, 2022): 204–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.55639/607.2333.
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Herbicides are chemical preparations intended to destroy plants, especially weeds, or to obstruct their growth. After field application, herbicides not only control targeted weeds, but may also have possible lingering effects in the soil, and provide significant exposure of microorganisms to the herbicides. Microorganisms play important role in maintaining soil structure and fertility. Results of different studies show that herbicide application resulted in the reduction of some microbial species, e.g., Proteus spp., and Actinomycetes spp. Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. these are the microorganisms which were delicate to herbicidal treatment. Significant reductions in fungal activity in both artificial and natural environments as a result of herbicidal treatment were up to 4 times; thus, indicating a positive correlation between growth stoppage and application of the weedicide. Herbicides applied at higher doses are persistent in the soil and harm soil microorganisms. Herbicides such as Paraquat, glyphosate, and atrazine, reduce dehydrogenase activities of the soil. Most herbicides applied to the soil remain in the topmost layer of the soil where the higher concentration of soil microorganisms exist.
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Petrova, Sofia, Stanislav Stamatov, and Blagoy Andonov. "Study of the effect of different herbicides and herbicidal combinations on weed flora and chickpea yield." Agricultural Sciences 14, no. 32 (March 18, 2022): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22620/agrisci.2022.32.005.
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Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the third most important grain legume crop in the world and the first important legume in the South and West Asia. For Bulgaria the chickpea is an old traditional crop used mainly for human consumption and to a lesser extent for feed. One of the most important yield limiting factors in the chickpea seed production is the poor weed management. The establishment of the most appropriate herbicide or herbicide combination for the effective control especially of the weed flora is a priority task of the chickpea cultivation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different herbicides and herbicidal combinations on weed flora and on the chickpea yield. The herbicides and herbicidal combinations were tested in nine treatments plus one weedy check control. All herbicides were used in pre-emergence applications at different doses. During the study the predominated weeds were Amaranthus retroflexus L. (redroot pigweed) and Convolvulus arvensis L. (field bindweed). Generally, all tested herbicidal combinations showed good control on the mixed weed flora and the grain yield was high. Three herbicidal combinations had the best effect on weed numbers and grain yield compared to the weed check: Clomazone -15 ml/da + S-metolachlor - 120 ml/da; Clomazone - 30 ml/da + S-metolachlor - 60 ml/da and Clomazone - 15 ml/da + Pendimethalin - 500 ml/da. Most of the studied herbicides and herbicidal combinations were tolerant, non-suppressive and showed a high positive effect on the chickpea yield.
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Délye, Christophe. "Weed resistance to acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase inhibitors: an update." Weed Science 53, no. 5 (October 2005): 728–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-04-203r.1.
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Herbicides targeting grass plastidic acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) are effective selective graminicides. Their intensive use worldwide has selected for resistance genes in a number of grass weed species. Biochemistry and molecular biology have been the means of determining the herbicidal activity and selectivity toward crop plants of ACC-inhibiting herbicides. In recent years, elucidation of the tridimensional structure of ACC and identification of five amino acid residues within the ACC carboxyl transferase domain that are critical determinants for herbicide sensitivity shed light on the basis of ACC-based resistance to herbicides. However, metabolism-based resistance to ACC-inhibiting herbicides is much less well known, although this type of resistance seems to be widespread. A number of genes thus endow resistance to ACC-inhibiting herbicides, with the possibility for various resistance genes that confer dominant resistance at the herbicide field rate to accumulate within a single weed population or plant. This, together with a poor knowledge of the genetic parameters driving resistance, renders the evolution of resistance to ACC-inhibiting herbicides unpredictable. Future research should consider developing tactics to slow the spread of resistance. For this purpose, it is crucial that our understanding of metabolism-based resistance improves rapidly because this mechanism is complex and can confer resistance to herbicides with different target sites.
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Li, Xiu-Qing, Alan Ng, Russell King, and Dion G. Durnford. "A Rapid and Simple Bioassay Method for Herbicide Detection." Biomarker Insights 3 (January 2008): BMI.S594. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/bmi.s594.
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Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a unicellular green alga, has been used in bioassay detection of a variety of toxic compounds such as pesticides and toxic metals, but mainly using liquid culture systems. In this study, an algal lawn–-agar system for semi-quantitative bioassay of herbicidal activities has been developed. Sixteen different herbicides belonging to 11 different categories were applied to paper disks and placed on green alga lawns in Petri dishes. Presence of herbicide activities was indicated by clearing zones around the paper disks on the lawn 2–3 days after application. The different groups of herbicides induced clearing zones of variable size that depended on the amount, mode of action, and chemical properties of the herbicides applied to the paper disks. This simple, paper-disk-algal system may be used to detect the presence of herbicides in water samples and act as a quick and inexpensive semi-quantitative screening for assessing herbicide contamination.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Herbicides"
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Marchesan, Eli Danieli. "Eficiência agronômica e comportamento de formulações de atrazina com taxas distintas de liberação em latossolo vermelho distroférrico." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2011. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/235.
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CNPQA atrazina (2-cloro-4-etilamino-6-isopropilamino-striazina) é um herbicida mundialmente utilizado no controle de plantas daninhas, com potencial para contaminar águas subterrâneas e prejudicar culturas sensíveis em sucessão. O uso de formulações de liberação lenta de atrazina poderia se constituir estratégia mitigadora do impacto ambiental e contribuir para a melhoria da eficiência de controle de plantas daninhas. Com o objetivo de determinar o comportamento ambiental e a eficiência agronômica de formulação de atrazina com liberação lenta (xerogel), comparando-a com formulação comercial, foram realizados um experimento a campo e três bioensaios em casa de vegetação. O experimento a campo foi implantado com a cultura do milho, utilizando-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em parcelas subdivididas, em um esquema (2 x 6) + 4. Nas parcelas principais foram locadas as formulações (atrazina WG e atrazina xerogel), e nas subparcelas as concentrações de atrazina (0, 3200, 3600, 4200, 5400 e 8000 g ha-1), com acréscimo de quatro parcelas testemunha capinadas. Amostras de solo foram coletadas nas parcelas com 8000 g ha-1 para realização de bioensaios em casa de vegetação para avaliação da persistência e lixiviação das formulações. Nos bioensaios, o delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado. No experimento a campo, avaliou-se a densidade e o controle visual de plantas daninhas e o rendimento de grãos de milho. Nos bioensaios, as principais variáveis avaliadas foram estatura, fitotoxicidade, massas de planta verde e seca. No primeiro bioensaio, selecionou-se a espécie cultivada mais adequada para utilização em testes para determinação da lixiviação e persistência das formulações de atrazina. No experimento a campo, a formulação WG exerceu maior controle de B. plantaginea que xerogel nas avaliações de mais precoces, mas nas avaliações mais tardias a atrazina xerogel foi mais eficiente. Não ocorreram diferenças de rendimento de grãos de milho entre as formulações e doses testadas. O grau de sensibilidade à atrazina variou de acordo com a espécie: quiabo e ervilha apresentaram pequena sensibilidade; aveia e trigo apresentaram nível intermediário e tomate e rabanete o mais alto nível de sensibilidade à presença de atrazina no solo. A biodisponibilização de atrazina ao solo variou em função do tempo e da formulação: até 5 dias após a aplicação, a disponibilização com a formulação xerogel foi maior; no período entre 14 e 28 dias, a biodisponibilização por atrazina WG foi superior à por xerogel; aos 35 dias após a aplicação, xerogel proporcionou maior atrazina ao solo do que WG. A meia vida foi de 30 e 38 dias, para atrazina WG e atrazina xerogel, respectivamente. Maior concentração de atrazina foi encontrada na superfície do solo (0 a 4 cm), nas duas formulações. Porém, a quantificação de atrazina por bioensaio indicou maior concentração da formulação WG entre 2 e 4 cm, em contraste com o resultado da análise cromatográfica, que indicou maior concentração da formulação xerogel.
Atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamine-6-isopropylamine-striazina) is an herbicide used worldwide to control weeds with potential to contaminate groundwater and harm sensitive crops in succession. The use of controlled release formulations of atrazine could be a strategy to mitigate environmental impact and contribute to improving the efficiency of weed control with atrazine. Aiming to determine the environmental performance and agronomic efficiency of atrazine formulation of controlled release (xerogel), compared with the commercial formulation were conducted one experiment in the field and three bioassays in greenhouse. The field experiment was implemented with the corn, using randomized blocks design, with split plots in a scheme (2 x 6) + 4. In the main plots were located formulations (atrazine xerogel and WG), and in sub-plots the atrazine concentrations (0, 3200, 3600, 4200, 5400 and 8000 g ha-1), with four additional control plots weeded. Soil samples were collected from each plot with 8000 g ha-1 for bioassays in the greenhouse to evaluate the persistence and leaching of the formulations. The experimental designs of bioassays were completely randomized. In the field experiment, we evaluated the density and visual control of weeds and yield of maize. In bioassays, the main variables were height, phytotoxicity, green and dry plant mass. In the first bioassay was selected cultivated species most suitable for use in tests to determine the persistence and leaching of atrazine formulations. In the field experiment, the formulation WG produced greater control of B. plantaginea than xerogel in earlier assessments, but in later assessments atrazine xerogel was more effective. There were no differences in grain yield of maize between the formulations and doses tested. The degree of sensitivity to atrazine varied according to species: okra and peas showed little sensitivity; oats and wheat had an intermediate; radish and tomato had the highest level of sensitivity to the presence of atrazine in soil. The bioavailability of atrazine to soil varied depending on the time and formulation: until 5 days after application, atrazine disponibility by xerogel formulation was higher and in period between 14 and 28 days, the bioavailability of atrazine by WG was higher than by xerogel; 35 days after application, atrazine xerogel showed higher disponibility than the WG. The half-life was 30 and 38 days for atrazine WG and xerogel, respectively. Higher concentrations of atrazine were found in surface soil (0-4 cm) in two formulations. However, the quantification of atrazine by bioassay indicated a greater concentration of WG formulation between 2 and 4 cm, in contrast with the results of chromatographic analysis, which indicated a greater concentration of the xerogel formulation.
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Tofoli, Gustavo Radomille [UNESP]. "Efeito do tamanho do alvo e condições operacionais sobre a uniformidade de deposição de pulverizações em pré-emergência." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97245.
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tofoli_gr_me_botfca.pdf: 1009067 bytes, checksum: 9b010286e5d6af37701fc81279216b6b (MD5)Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o efeito do tamanho do alvo e condições operacionais sobre a uniformidade de deposição de pulverizações em pré-emergência. Duas barras pulverizadoras de mesmo modelo (12 m e espaçamento entre bicos de 0,5 m) sendo uma para cada tipo de bico.Dois tipos de bicos (jato cônico modelo JA- 1,5 e jato plano modelo API 110-02) testados com uma mesma velocidade de aplicação (4km/h). Para o preparo das caldas de pulverização foram utilizados: água, nitrato de potássio, nitrato de cálcio, sulfato de cobre e sulfato de zinco. Os alvos foram construídos de chapa de fórmica, que foram cortadas em placas quadradas com tamanho de 13 x 13 cm. Ao centro de 602 placas foram feitos orifícios de diversos tamanhos de diâmetro: 10,16 cm, 5,8 cm, 2,54 cm, 1,27 cm, 0,63 cm e 0,32 cm. Para cada tamanho de orifício foram feitas 117 repetições. Totalizando 702 placas. Os alvos foram posicionados no piso do terreno de maneira aleatória. Depois da pulverização, estes foram lavados com 25 ml de água deionizada, dando origem as amostras. Estas, depois de filtradas, foram analisadas em espectrofotômetro de plasma. As leituras de concentrações foram transformadas em volume ( l), e este divido pela área de cada círculo correspondente, resultando em dados de depósito em l/cm2. Os dados de depósitos foram transformados em % da média, e realizado os cálculos de freqüências acumuladas para cada tamanho de alvo. O modelo de Gompertz (y = e **(a-e**(-b-c*x))) foi utilizado para ajustar os dados e efetuar as análises de regressão, obtendo os valores de R2 (0,985 a 0,997) e um novo valor de freqüência acumulada para cada curva. Calculou-se os valores de média, mediana, moda, os percentis 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 90, 95, 98 e 99.e os coeficientes de variação para todos os diferentes tamanhos de alvo para os respectivos bicos... .
It were studied two types of nozzles. The first one is a conic jet nozzle model JÁ 1,5. The second type is a flat fan nozzle model API 110-02. The application speed was 4km/h. It were used two similar sprayers set with boons 12 m wide and nozzles spaced by 0,5m. The spray solution for the fan jet nozzle was prepared with water, potassium nitrate and copper sulfate. For the conic jet nozzle theses salts were replaced by calcium nitrate and zinc sulfate. The targets were made of formica foils cut into square plates of 13 cm x 13 cm. One hundred of these plates were used to estimate the drift. In all the other 702 plates (117 replications for each type of target) it were made central circular holes of different diameters: 10,16 cm, 5,8 cm, 2,54 cm, 1,27 cm, 0,63 cm and 0,32 cm. The targets were randomly arranged on the ground. After spraying and drying the spray solution, each target was washed with 25 ml of de-ionized water. These water samples were filtered and analyzed in plasma spectrophotometer. The concentrations of the tracers in the final volume of 25 mL allowed to calculate the deposits of both spray solutions (in L/cmø) in each target. These data were converted in to percent of the means for each nozzle type and target size. Frequency distribution curves were fitted to the data. The Gompertz (y=e**(a-e**(-b-c*x))) model provided the highest determination coefficients, ranging from 0,985 and 0,997. In addition to the Relative Standard Deviation (RSD%) it were estimated the values of the mean, the median, the mode and the 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 90, 95, 98 and 99 percents, using the frequency distribution curves. Among the central tendency measures, the mode, the median and the 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 90, 95, 98 and 99 percents allowed more precise comparisons of spray deposits of different nozzles in targets of several sizes; the mean is very sensitive... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
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Oliveira, Jefferson Anthony Gabriel de [UNESP]. "Matéria seca, teores de macronutrientes e produtividade de soja transgênica e não transgênica com diferentes manejos de plantas daninhas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98743.
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oliveira_jag_me_ilha.pdf: 1190345 bytes, checksum: 504c267fff22f154d98acce9d50bee89 (MD5)No contexto das grandes culturas produtoras de grãos, a soja foi a que mais cresceu em termos percentuais nos últimos 37 anos, tanto no Brasil quanto em nível mundial. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo verificar se há diferença entre variedades de soja transgênica e não transgênica quanto ao desenvolvimento vegetativo e reprodutivo através do acúmulo de matéria seca na parte aérea e dos teores de macronutrientes na matéria seca produzida, quando estas são submetidas à presença de herbicidas específicos para o controle de plantas daninhas. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da Faculdade de Engenharia/UNESP - Campus de Ilha Solteira, localizada no município de Selvíria – MS. Os tratamentos foram compostos de duas variedades de soja transgênica (BRS Valiosa RR e BRS Favorita RR) e duas variedades convencionais (MGBR 46 – Conquista e MGBR 68 – Vencedora), com controle de plantas daninhas através de uso de herbicidas ou capinas. A semeadura da soja ocorreu no dia 20/11/2009, em um espaçamento de 0,45 m entrelinhas e 15 sementes por metro de sulco. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o em blocos casualizados com 4 repetições, apresentando as parcelas, 7 linhas com 50 m de comprimento. Avaliaram-se as características agronômicas como: altura de inserção da primeira vagem; altura de plantas; número de ramos por planta; número de vagens por planta; população de plantas; produtividade de grãos; massa de 1000 grãos no estádio R8 da cultura. Também foi avaliado em amostragens quinzenais a partir do 21o dias após a germinação, a matéria seca de folhas, caules, vagens e grãos e o teor de macronutrientes nesta e o estado nutricional das plantas, através de amostragem foliar, no florescimento pleno. Os resultados obtidos perm itiram concluir que: aos 81 dias após emergência, quando as plantas encontram -se no...
In the context of major grain-producing crops, soybean was grown the most in percentage terms over the past 37 years, both in Brazil and worldw ide. This study aimed to observe the differences between varieties of GM and non GM soya on the vegetative and reproductive development through the dry matter accumulation in shoots and macronutrient content in dry matter yield when they are subjected to t he presence of herbicides for weed control. The experiment was conducted at Faculdade de Engenharia/UNESP – Ilha Solteira, located in Selvíria county. The treatments consisted of two transgenic soybeans varieties (BRS Favorita and BRS Valiosa) and two conventional varieties (MGBR 46 - Conquista and MGBR 68 - Vencedora), with control of weeds through the use of herbicides or weeding. The sowing of soybean was performed in 11/20/2009, at a spacing of 0.45 m between rows and 15 seeds per meter of furrow. The experimental design was a randomized block with 4 replicates, with plots at seven lines to fifty meter long. We evaluated the agronomic characteristics such as height of first pod, plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, plant population, yield, 1000 grain weight of the R8 stage of culture. Was also assessed in biweekly samples from the 21 th day after germination, the dry matter of leaves, stems, pods and grains and content of macronutrients and nutritional status of this plant, by sampling leaves in full bloom. The results showed that: at 81 days after emergence, when plants are in the initial stage R5, it is gotten the highest total dry matter in transgenic and conventional varieties of soybeans, there is a greater concentration of N, P and K in the grains as they are approaching maturity, contrary to that observed for stems, leaves and pods, there is a significant... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Tofoli, Gustavo Radomille. "Efeito do tamanho do alvo e condições operacionais sobre a uniformidade de deposição de pulverizações em pré-emergência /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97245.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Edivaldo Domingues VeliniBanca: Carlos Gilberto Raetano
Banca: Dagoberto Martins
Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o efeito do tamanho do alvo e condições operacionais sobre a uniformidade de deposição de pulverizações em pré-emergência. Duas barras pulverizadoras de mesmo modelo (12 m e espaçamento entre bicos de 0,5 m) sendo uma para cada tipo de bico.Dois tipos de bicos (jato cônico modelo JA- 1,5 e jato plano modelo API 110-02) testados com uma mesma velocidade de aplicação (4km/h). Para o preparo das caldas de pulverização foram utilizados: água, nitrato de potássio, nitrato de cálcio, sulfato de cobre e sulfato de zinco. Os alvos foram construídos de chapa de fórmica, que foram cortadas em placas quadradas com tamanho de 13 x 13 cm. Ao centro de 602 placas foram feitos orifícios de diversos tamanhos de diâmetro: 10,16 cm, 5,8 cm, 2,54 cm, 1,27 cm, 0,63 cm e 0,32 cm. Para cada tamanho de orifício foram feitas 117 repetições. Totalizando 702 placas. Os alvos foram posicionados no piso do terreno de maneira aleatória. Depois da pulverização, estes foram lavados com 25 ml de água deionizada, dando origem as amostras. Estas, depois de filtradas, foram analisadas em espectrofotômetro de plasma. As leituras de concentrações foram transformadas em volume ( l), e este divido pela área de cada círculo correspondente, resultando em dados de depósito em l/cm2. Os dados de depósitos foram transformados em % da média, e realizado os cálculos de freqüências acumuladas para cada tamanho de alvo. O modelo de Gompertz (y = e **(a-e**(-b-c*x))) foi utilizado para ajustar os dados e efetuar as análises de regressão, obtendo os valores de R2 (0,985 a 0,997) e um novo valor de freqüência acumulada para cada curva. Calculou-se os valores de média, mediana, moda, os percentis 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 90, 95, 98 e 99.e os coeficientes de variação para todos os diferentes tamanhos de alvo para os respectivos bicos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo).
Abstract: It were studied two types of nozzles. The first one is a conic jet nozzle model JÁ 1,5. The second type is a flat fan nozzle model API 110-02. The application speed was 4km/h. It were used two similar sprayers set with boons 12 m wide and nozzles spaced by 0,5m. The spray solution for the fan jet nozzle was prepared with water, potassium nitrate and copper sulfate. For the conic jet nozzle theses salts were replaced by calcium nitrate and zinc sulfate. The targets were made of formica foils cut into square plates of 13 cm x 13 cm. One hundred of these plates were used to estimate the drift. In all the other 702 plates (117 replications for each type of target) it were made central circular holes of different diameters: 10,16 cm, 5,8 cm, 2,54 cm, 1,27 cm, 0,63 cm and 0,32 cm. The targets were randomly arranged on the ground. After spraying and drying the spray solution, each target was washed with 25 ml of de-ionized water. These water samples were filtered and analyzed in plasma spectrophotometer. The concentrations of the tracers in the final volume of 25 mL allowed to calculate the deposits of both spray solutions (in L/cmø) in each target. These data were converted in to percent of the means for each nozzle type and target size. Frequency distribution curves were fitted to the data. The Gompertz (y=e**(a-e**(-b-c*x))) model provided the highest determination coefficients, ranging from 0,985 and 0,997. In addition to the Relative Standard Deviation (RSD%) it were estimated the values of the mean, the median, the mode and the 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 90, 95, 98 and 99 percents, using the frequency distribution curves. Among the central tendency measures, the mode, the median and the 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 90, 95, 98 and 99 percents allowed more precise comparisons of spray deposits of different nozzles in targets of several sizes; the mean is very sensitive... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
Mestre
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Oliveira, Jefferson Anthony Gabriel de. "Matéria seca, teores de macronutrientes e produtividade de soja transgênica e não transgênica com diferentes manejos de plantas daninhas /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98743.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Edson LazariniBanca: Salatiér Buzetti
Banca: Luiz Carlos Ferreira de Souza
Resumo: No contexto das grandes culturas produtoras de grãos, a soja foi a que mais cresceu em termos percentuais nos últimos 37 anos, tanto no Brasil quanto em nível mundial. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo verificar se há diferença entre variedades de soja transgênica e não transgênica quanto ao desenvolvimento vegetativo e reprodutivo através do acúmulo de matéria seca na parte aérea e dos teores de macronutrientes na matéria seca produzida, quando estas são submetidas à presença de herbicidas específicos para o controle de plantas daninhas. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da Faculdade de Engenharia/UNESP - Campus de Ilha Solteira, localizada no município de Selvíria - MS. Os tratamentos foram compostos de duas variedades de soja transgênica (BRS Valiosa RR e BRS Favorita RR) e duas variedades convencionais (MGBR 46 - Conquista e MGBR 68 - Vencedora), com controle de plantas daninhas através de uso de herbicidas ou capinas. A semeadura da soja ocorreu no dia 20/11/2009, em um espaçamento de 0,45 m entrelinhas e 15 sementes por metro de sulco. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o em blocos casualizados com 4 repetições, apresentando as parcelas, 7 linhas com 50 m de comprimento. Avaliaram-se as características agronômicas como: altura de inserção da primeira vagem; altura de plantas; número de ramos por planta; número de vagens por planta; população de plantas; produtividade de grãos; massa de 1000 grãos no estádio R8 da cultura. Também foi avaliado em amostragens quinzenais a partir do 21o dias após a germinação, a matéria seca de folhas, caules, vagens e grãos e o teor de macronutrientes nesta e o estado nutricional das plantas, através de amostragem foliar, no florescimento pleno. Os resultados obtidos perm itiram concluir que: aos 81 dias após emergência, quando as plantas encontram -se no... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: In the context of major grain-producing crops, soybean was grown the most in percentage terms over the past 37 years, both in Brazil and worldw ide. This study aimed to observe the differences between varieties of GM and non GM soya on the vegetative and reproductive development through the dry matter accumulation in shoots and macronutrient content in dry matter yield when they are subjected to t he presence of herbicides for weed control. The experiment was conducted at Faculdade de Engenharia/UNESP - Ilha Solteira, located in Selvíria county. The treatments consisted of two transgenic soybeans varieties (BRS Favorita and BRS Valiosa) and two conventional varieties (MGBR 46 - Conquista and MGBR 68 - Vencedora), with control of weeds through the use of herbicides or weeding. The sowing of soybean was performed in 11/20/2009, at a spacing of 0.45 m between rows and 15 seeds per meter of furrow. The experimental design was a randomized block with 4 replicates, with plots at seven lines to fifty meter long. We evaluated the agronomic characteristics such as height of first pod, plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, plant population, yield, 1000 grain weight of the R8 stage of culture. Was also assessed in biweekly samples from the 21 th day after germination, the dry matter of leaves, stems, pods and grains and content of macronutrients and nutritional status of this plant, by sampling leaves in full bloom. The results showed that: at 81 days after emergence, when plants are in the initial stage R5, it is gotten the highest total dry matter in transgenic and conventional varieties of soybeans, there is a greater concentration of N, P and K in the grains as they are approaching maturity, contrary to that observed for stems, leaves and pods, there is a significant... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Perim, Lucas [UNESP]. "Efeitos de óleos nas características físicas e químicas da calda de aplicação e na ação da atrazina." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86377.
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perim_l_me_botfca.pdf: 642600 bytes, checksum: 3f26247a69a07b1413c3746c23e76085 (MD5)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
O uso de adjuvantes é adotado em todo o mundo, a fim de melhorar a eficácia das formulações de defensivos agrícolas, independente do tipo de alvo. Existem duas maneiras principais em que adjuvantes podem melhorar o desempenho final do produto. Em primeiro lugar, aumentando a quantidade de ingrediente ativo retido pelo alvo e, por outro, melhorando a sua absorção. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de óleos minerais e vegetais nas características físicas e químicas da calda de aplicação e na ação do herbicida atrazina (Gesaprim 500® SC). Os tratamentos estudados foram: atrazina, atrazina + Natur’l Óleo®; atrazina + Agr’Óleo®; atrazina + Assist® e testemunhas. Todos os adjuvantes foram acionados na proporção de 0.5% do volume da calda aplicada. As plantas indicadoras utilizadas nos estudos sobre os efeitos dos adjuvantes sobre a ação da atrazina foram: Ipomoea grandifolia,Brachiaria plantaginea, Merremia cissoides e Euphorbia heterophylla. Os parâmetros estudados foram: tensão superficial, pH, efeito do tempo de preparo da calda e do pH sobre a tensão superficial, evaporação da calda, tamanho de gotas, eficácia de controle de plantas daninhas, influência da chuva no controle da atrazina e a velocidade de absorção da atrazina com o uso do fluorômetro. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em bloco casualizados, com quatro repetições. Portanto com os resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que uso de óleos vegetais ou minerais influenciou positivamente nas características físicas e químicas da calda de aplicação agindo diretamente na ação de herbicidas apresentando uma alta eficiência de controle das espécies estudadas
The adjuvants are used all over the world in order to improve the effectiveness of the herbicides formulations, independent of target. There are two main ways in which adjuvants can improve the performance of the final product. First, increasing the amount of active ingredient retained by the target and secondly, promoting its absorption. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of mineral and vegetable oils in physical and chemical characteristics of the application and action of the herbicide Gesaprim 500® (atrazine). The treatments studied were: atrazine; atrazine + Natur'l Óleo®; atrazine + Agr'Óleo®; atrazine + Assist® and check. All adjuvants were used at a rate of 0.5% of the volume of spray applied. The indicator plants used in studies on the effects of adjuvants on the action of atrazine were: Ipomoea grandifolia, Brachiaria plantaginea, Merremia cissoides and Euphorbia heterophylla. The parameters studied were: surface tension, pH, effect of time preparing the solutions and pH on surface tension, evaporation of the solution, droplet size, effective weed control, rain influence in weed control, the active ingredient absorption velocity using the fluorometer method. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications. So with the results we can conclude that the use of vegetable or mineral oils had a positive influence on physical and chemical characteristics and at the application acts the treatments showed a highly efficient control of the studied species
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Lucio, Felipe Ridolfo. "Ocorrência de espécies do gênero Digitaria em canaviais do centro oeste paulista e susceptibilidade de alguns acessos à herbicidas /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96817.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Robinson Antonio PitelliBanca: Ricardo Victória Filho
Banca: Roberto Estevão Bragion de Toledo
Resumo: O capim-colchão possui ampla colonização e distribuição geográfica, apresentando crescimento vigoroso mesmo em condições de estiagem e sua eficácia de controle não tem sido consistente, especialmente com herbicidas inibidores do Fotossistema II. As razões desta falta de consistência de controle são muitas, no entanto a existência de diferentes espécies pode ser considerada uma das principais. Tendo por base os relatos acima, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo identificar as diferentes espécies do complexo Digitaria spp e avaliar as respostas a ação de diferentes herbicidas inibidores de fotossíntese e associação com inibidores de carotenóides em estudos de curvas de dose resposta. Os herbicidas foram aplicados em pré-emergência com quatro repetições avaliando o controle até 60 DAA. Nos resultados obtidos, pode-se observar que existe diversidade de espécies dentro do gênero Digitaria em áreas cultivadas com cana-de-açúcar. Apenas nestes estudos foram identificadas D. horizontalis, D. nuda e D. ciliaris, as quais mostraram diferença na susceptibilidade aos herbicidas testados. Também foram verificadas diferenças entre os acessos dentro das espécies D. horizontalis e D. nuda. O fato de todas as plantas serem designadas com o nome popular de capim-colchão, estudos de controle, muitas vezes, podem mudar em função da espécie, gerando divergências na eficácias biológicas dos herbicidas sobre este complexo de espécies, pois não são incomuns em que as duas ou mais ocorram na mesma área
Abstract: The crabgrass has extensive colonization and geographical distribution, with strong growth even in drought conditions and the control performance has not been consistent, especially with Photosystem II inhibiting herbicides. The reasons for this lack of control consistenc are many, but the existence of different species can be considered a major. Based on the above reports, this aimed study to identify the different species of the Digitaria spp complex and evaluate responses to the action of several photosystem - II inhibiting herbicides in studies of dose-response curves. This study was conducted evaluating the performance of six bouts of crabgrass in the sugarcane in São Paulo State to herbicides: ametryn, diuron; ametryn + clomazone, diuron + hexazinone, diuron + hexazinone + mesotrione; hexazinone; metribuzim and tebuthiuron. Herbicides were applied in pre-emergence with four replications evaluating the control until 60 DAA. The results obtained, it can be seen that there really is diversity of species within the genus Digitaria in areas cultivated with sugarcane. Only in these studies were identified D. horizontalis, D. nuda and D. ciliares, which showed differences in susceptibility to herbicides. There were also significant differences among accessions within species D. horizontalis and D. nuda. The fact that all plants are designed with the popular name of crabgrass, the results of studies of chemical control, can often change depending on the species, leading to differences in biological effectiveness of herbicides on this species complex, as there are unusual in that two or more of them occur in the same area
Mestre
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Fleitz, Nicholas J. "COMPARISON OF SOIL-APPLIED AND POSTEMERGENCE HERBICIDES WITH MULTIPLE SITES OF HERBICIDAL ACTIVITY ON TWO POPULATIONS OF HERBICIDE-RESISTANT PALMER AMARANTH IN KENTUCKY." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/pss_etds/99.
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With the introduction of herbicide resistant Palmer amaranth into Kentucky during the past 10 years there has been an increasing concern for effective control measures in grain production. Field trials were performed in 2016 and 2017 near Barlow and Paris, KY to determine efficacy of chemical control programs targeting herbicide resistant Palmer amaranth. Percent visual control, effects on plant density and plant height were measured in 2016 to determine treatment effectiveness. Treatments containing four different sites of herbicide activity achieved an average of 98% control. Treatments containing only 3, 2 or 1 site of activity only achieved 64%, 45% and 33% control, respectively. Within the long-chain fatty acid inhibitors herbicides in this study, pre-emergent applied pyroxasulfone provided greater control than S-metolachlor or acetochlor. Pyroxasulfone also provided greater control than the photosystem II herbicides atrazine and metribuzin. In 2017 PRE treatments consisting of three-way mixtures of flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone + chlorimuron or S-metolachlor + metribuzin + fomesafen followed by a POST herbicide treatment provided > 90% suppression of Palmer amaranth 4 weeks after trial initiation. Post-emergence treatments containing glyphosate + dicamba or glyphosate + 2,4-D following a soil-applied pre-emergent treatment achieved the most effective season-long control of Palmer amaranth.
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Karadogan, Burhan. "Studies towards the synthesis of the herbicidins and brevioxime." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324184.
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Alves, Elza [UNESP]. "Seletividade de herbicidas para gramíneas forrageiras tropicais aplicados em pré e pós-emergência." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86467.
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alves_e_me_botfca.pdf: 1692657 bytes, checksum: 4ff23f18cb2cf8f36ac5f030a1aba20e (MD5)O presente trabalho constou de oito estudos, que foram realizados em casa-de-vegetação, nos quais avaliou-se a seletividade de diferentes herbicidas, aplicados em pré e pós-emergência, em algumas gramíneas forrageiras tropicais: Brachiaria decumbens Stapf cv. Basilisk, Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst) Stapf cv. Marandu, Panicum maximum Jacq cv. Tanzânia e Panicum maximum Jacq cv. Mombaça. Os herbicidas e doses utilizadas, em g i.a /ha, foram: (i) aplicados em pós-emergência, imazethapyr a 50 e 100, metsulfuron-methyl a 1,0 e 2,0, chlorimuron-ethyl a 7,5 e 15, nicosulfuron a 25 e 50, bentazon a 360 e 720, diclofop-metil 140 e 280, fenoxaprop-ethyl a 30 e 60, atrazine 1.500 e 3.000 e ametryne a 625 e 1.250 e (ii) aplicados em pré-emergência, alachlor a 1.680 e 3.360, metolachlor 1.200 e 2.400, diuron a 800 e 1.600, imazaquin a 75 e 150, imazapyr a 250 e 500, imazethapyr a 50 e 100, clomazone a 450 e 900, flumetsulam a 70 e 140, ametryne a 625 e 1.250, metribuzin a 525 e 1.050 e trifluralin a 900 e 1.800, além de testemunha sem aplicação de herbicidas. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado com os tratamentos em seis repetições. O consumo de calda de aplicação foi de 180 L/ha e a barra de aplicação continha quatro bicos de jato plano, tipo Teejet 110.02 espaçados de 0,50 m e posicionados a 0,50 m de altura dos vasos. Avaliou-se a intoxicação das plantas com uma escala visual de notas e, no final dos estudos, a altura e massa da matéria seca de plantas. Para o P. maximum cv. Mombaça, apenas os herbicidas imazaquin, na menor dose, imazethapyr e flumetsulam aplicados em pré-emergência, foram seletivos; os herbicidas metsulfuron-methyl, chlorimuron-ethyl, nicosulfuron, diclofop-methil, atrazine e ametryne aplicados em pós-emergência, foram visualmente seletivos para a cultivar Mombaça. Para o P. maximum cv. Tanzânia, os herbicidas... .
This research was accomplished in eight experiments, carried out in green house with the aim of to avaluating the selectivity of different herbicides, applied at pre and post-emergence, in the following tropical grass forages: Brachiaria decumbens Stapf cv. Basilisk, Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst) Stapf cv. Marandu, Panicum maximum Jacq cv. Tanzânia and Panicum maximum Jacq cv. Mombaça. The herbicides and doses (g a.e. /ha) acessed were (i) pulverized in post-emergence imazethapyr at 50 and 100, metsulfuron-methyl at 1,0 and 2,0, chlorimuron-ethyl at 7,5 and 15, nicosulfuron at 25 and 50, bentazon at 360 and 720, diclofop-metil at 140 and 280, fenoxaprop-ethyl at 30 and 60, atrazine at 1.500 and 3.000 and ametryne at 625 and 1.250, (ii) in pre-emegency, alachlor at 1.680 and 3.360, metolachlor at 1.200 and 2.400, diuron at 800 and 1.600, imazaquin at 75 and 150, imazapyr at 250 and 500, imazethapyr at 50 and 100, clomazone at 450 and 900, flumetsulam at 70 and 140, ametryne at 625 and 1.250, metribuzin at 525 and 1.050, trifluralin at 900 and 1.800, and a control plot. The experimental design was totally randomized, with the trataments with six replications. The application solution consumed was 180 L/ha and the application bar had four TEEJET 110.02 plain jet nozzle, at 0,5 m height from each other and at 0,5 m from the pulverized pots. The plants intoxication was evaluated by a visual grade scale. At the end of the study plant height and dry matter weight were evaluated. To P. maximum cv. Mombaça, only imazaquin at the lower dose, imazethapyr and flumetsulam applied in preemergency acted selectively. The post-emergence herbicides, metsulfuron-methyl, chlorimuron-ethyl, nicosulfuron, diclofop-methil, atrazine and ametryne were visually selectives to Mombaça cultivar. To P. maximum cv. Tanzânia, the post-emergence herbicides... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
Books on the topic "Herbicides"
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R, Baker N., and Percival M. P, eds. Herbicides. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1991.
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Böger, Peter, and Ko Wakabayashi, eds. Peroxidizing Herbicides. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58633-0.
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Peter, Böger, and Wakabayashi K. 1938-, eds. Peroxidizing herbicides. Berlin: Springer, 1999.
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Peter, Böger, Wakabayashi K. 1938-, and Hirai Kenji 1953-, eds. Herbicide classes in development: Mode of action, targets, genetic engineering, chemistry. Berlin: Springer, 2002.
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Williamson, D. R. Forest nursery herbicides. Edinburgh: Forestry Commission, 1989.
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L, Shaner Dale, and O'Connor Susan L, eds. The Imidazolinone herbicides. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1991.
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Ritter, Ronald Lloyd. Understanding herbicide resistance in weeds. Des Plaines, Ill: Sandoz Crop Protection Corp., 1989.
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Cobb, Andrew H., and John P. H. Reade. Herbicides and Plant Physiology. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444327793.
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Ballantine, Larry G., Janis E. McFarland, and Dennis S. Hackett, eds. Triazine Herbicides: Risk Assessment. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1998-0683.
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He, Hong-Wu, Hao Peng, and Xiao-Song Tan. Environmentally Friendly Alkylphosphonate Herbicides. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44431-3.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Herbicides"
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Johnson, Giffe T. "Herbicides." In Hamilton & Hardy's Industrial Toxicology, 877–900. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118834015.ch87.
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Okuda, Shigenobu. "Herbicides." In The Search for Bioactive Compounds from Microorganisms, 224–36. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4412-7_12.
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Matsunaka, Shooichi. "History and Early Investigation of Mode of Action of Peroxidizing Herbicides." In Peroxidizing Herbicides, 1–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58633-0_1.
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Watanabe, Hiroyuki, and Tsutomu Shimizu. "Assay Systems for Peroxidizing Herbicides." In Peroxidizing Herbicides, 279–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58633-0_10.
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Nagano, Eiki. "Herbicidal Efficacy of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Inhibitors." In Peroxidizing Herbicides, 293–302. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58633-0_11.
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Knörzer, Oliver C., and Peter Böger. "Antagonizing Peroxidizing Herbicides." In Peroxidizing Herbicides, 303–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58633-0_12.
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Asami, Tadao, and Shigeo Yoshida. "Strategy for Peroxidizing Herbicide-Resistant Crops." In Peroxidizing Herbicides, 329–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58633-0_13.
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Aizawa, Hiroyasu, and Hugh M. Brown. "Metabolism and Degradation of Porphyrin Biosynthesis Inhibitor Herbicides." In Peroxidizing Herbicides, 347–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58633-0_14.
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Krijt, Jan. "Peroxidizing Herbicides: Toxicology to Mammals and Non-target Organisms." In Peroxidizing Herbicides, 383–99. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58633-0_15.
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Hirai, Kenji. "Structural Evolution and Synthesis of Diphenyl Ethers, Cyclic Imides and Related Compounds." In Peroxidizing Herbicides, 15–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58633-0_2.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Herbicides"
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Delchev, Grozi. "Productivity of clearfield oilseed canola (Brassica napus L.) by influence of some herbicides, herbicide tank mixtures and herbicide combinations." In Scientific International Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Perspectives". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/ppap2023.37.
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During the period 2018 - 2020 a field experiment was carried out with the winter Clearfield oilseed canola hybrid Phoenix CL (Brassica napus L). A total of 15 variants were investigated. They included untreated control, 2 combined herbicidesр 6 herbicide tank mixturesр 6 herbicide combinations. Foliar-applied herbicides were treated during 2-4 leaf canola stage. Soil-applied combined herbicides were treated during after sowing before emergence period of the canola. The lowest canola yields are obtained in untreated control as a result of the big weed infestation. The highest seed yields are obtained by use of combined herbicide Cleranda, followed by herbicide tank mixture Electron + Maza and combined herbicide Cleravo. High canola yields are also obtained by herbicide tank mixtures Butizan max + Maza, Springbok + Maza, Tanaris + Maza, as well as by herbicide combinations Caliph mega + Maza, Brasan + Maza, Bismarck + Maza. Increase in seed yields is due to the greatest degree of increase in indexes seeds number per pod, seed weight per pod and 1000 seeds weight. Plant height is greatest by use of combined herbicide Cleranda, followed by herbicide tank mixture Electron + Maza and combined herbicide Cleravo.
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Bakaeva, M. D., S. P. Chetverikov, D. V. Chetverikova, and A. A. Kendzhieva. "Promising microorganisms for coping herbicide stress in plants." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.032.
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Herbicide-resistant strains of Pseudomonas and Achromobacter have been isolated. Theу are diazotrophic, can mobilize phosphorus from insoluble compounds and synthesize phytohormones in the presence of herbicides.
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Kalabashkina, E. V., V. A. Tsymbalova, S. V. Uldina, L. P. Abramkina, A. V. Mednov, N. A. Yashina, and L. I. Mavlutova. "Anti-slag herbicides on Agata spring wheat." In Растениеводство и луговодство. Тимирязевская сельскохозяйственная академия, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-172.
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results of research on the effect of anti-slag herbicides: Axial, CE, Verdict, VDG, Lastik exstra, EС, Pallas 45, MD on spring wheat Agata in the Moscow region are presented. The research was performed in 2019 on the fields of the Nemchinovka research center. Infestation was represented by two types of monocotyledonous weeds from the Bluegrass family (Grasses): annual bluegrass (Póa Annua) and barn grass (Echinóchloa crus-gálli). The use of anti-slag herbicides reduces the number of weeds in the experiment and their air-dry mass. Herbicide treatment increased the wheat grain yield by 1.19-1.67 t / ha and increased protein by 0.5-3.3%.
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Timergalin, M. D., A. V. Feoktistova, T. V. Rameev, S. P. Chetverikov, and Z. R. Sultangazin. "Wheat yields of herbicide treatment along with auxin-producing bacteria Pseudomonas sp. DА1.2." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.246.
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The effect of the identified auxin-producing strain of bacteria on wheat plants when treated with the herbicides Chistalan and Nanometh in the field was studied. The ability of bacterial treatment to increase wheat yield under herbicidal stress due to the positive effect of bacteria on plant growth and development at early stages of development is shown.
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Gulueva, L. R. "The unit for the trunk processing of seedlings." In Agrobiotechnology-2021. Publishing house of RGAU - MSHA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1855-3-2021-14.
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The article presents the materials of scientific developments on the local introduction of herbicides into the trunk zone of seedlings based on the cultivator KCHG-2.4, which replaces manual weeding of rows of plants, excluding the ingress of herbicide on the leaf-stem apparatus. The unit allows you to save stubble up to 51%, which reliably protects the soil from water erosion when destroying weed vegetation up to 94%.
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Mickelson, Steven K., James L. Baker, and Steven D. Anton. "Subsurface Application of Herbicides." In Proceedings of the 1995 Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-549.
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Hartzler, Bob. "Crop Responses to Herbicides." In Proceedings of the 1995 Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-551.
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Hartzler, Bob, and Meaghan Anderson. "Cover crops, weeds and herbicides." In Proceedings of the 24th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-150.
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Kulikov, M. A., A. N. Kulikova, and A. V. Goncharov. "Resistance of sunflower hybrids to herbicides, diseases, pests and weeds." In Растениеводство и луговодство. Тимирязевская сельскохозяйственная академия, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-158.
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Mayeed, Mohammed S., and Gabriel Darveau. "Designing an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Specific Aerial Applications of Insecticides and Herbicides." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-65936.
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In this study a gasoline powered hexa-copter unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has been designed as a solution to farmers’ need for a low cost, easy to maintain, long flight duration, and multi-purpose means of specific aerial applications for insecticides and herbicides. Application of herbicides and pesticides by airplane is an example of how farmers have used technology to improve their bottom line and overall quality of life. Fields can now be sprayed in under an hour instead of consuming an entire day. However, if a producer has noxious weeds in only a small area, fixed-wing aerial application cannot be used as it is only accurate enough to do an entire field. Currently there is no solution for small scale, accurate, aerial herbicide application to meet this need. The currently available Yamaha Rmax UAV costs a tremendous amount of money and also requires a lot of money to maintain. Though it may be useful in large scale aerial spraying on the farm land, it would not be used in targeted specific areas as it is not efficient in specific applications. The gasoline powered hexacopter UAV designed in this study is a low cost solution to farmers’ need for specific aerial applications of insecticides and herbicides. The UAV design can carry 2–3 gallons of herbicide (16.7–25.0 lbs.) for a flight time of more than 30 minutes without refueling. The design could be transported in a 60.3in × 56.7in pickup bed. Structural and fatigue analyses are performed on the complete structure using state of the art software SolidWorks Simulation. The minimum factor of safety is obtained to be 10 based on maximum von Mises stress failure criteria. Under normal conditions with an estimated commercial use of 100 cycles per day it is observed that the design would survive for about 13 years without any fatigue failure. A drop test analysis is performed to ensure the design can survive a 5 feet freefall and a frequency analysis is also performed to observe the critical natural frequency of the structure. Flow simulations are performed on the 6 propellers/blades model using state of the art software SolidWorks Flow Simulation to observe the effect of vorticity interactions on the lift force. The design has been reasonably optimized based on maximizing the lift force. With this new UAV design small scale and substantial farmers could afford a personal UAV for aerial applications with a small amount of capital whose absence hindered efficient and effective specific aerial application for many years.
Reports on the topic "Herbicides"
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Mudge, Christopher, and Kurt Getsinger. Comparison of generic and proprietary aquatic herbicides for control of invasive vegetation; part 3 : submersed plants. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42061.
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Herbicide selection is key to efficiently managing nuisance vegetation in our nation’s waterways. After selecting the active ingredient, there still remains multiple proprietary and generic products to choose from. Recent small-scale research has been conducted to compare the efficacy of these herbicides against floating and emergent species. Therefore, a series of mesocosm and growth chamber trials were conducted to evaluate subsurface applications of the following herbicides against submersed plants: diquat versus coontail (Ceratophyllum demersum L.), hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata L.f. Royle), southern naiad (Najas guadalupensis (Sprengel) Magnus), and Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.); flumioxazin versus coontail, hydrilla, and Eurasian watermilfoil; and triclopyr against Eurasian watermilfoil. All active ingredients were applied at concentrations commonly used to manage these species in public waters. Visually, all herbicides within a particular active ingredient performed similarly with regard to the onset and severity of injury symptoms throughout the trials. All trials, except diquat versus Eurasian watermilfoil, resulted in no differences in efficacy among the 14 proprietary and generic herbicides tested, and all herbicides provided 43%–100% control, regardless of active ingredient and trial. Under mesocosm and growth chamber conditions, the majority of the generic and proprietary herbicides evaluated against submersed plants provided similar control.
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Mudge, Christopher, Glenn Suir, and Benjamin Sperry. Unmanned aircraft systems and tracer dyes : potential for monitoring herbicide spray distribution. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47705.
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Chemical control of nuisance aquatic vegetation has long been the most widely utilized management tool due to its high level of efficacy, limited environmental impacts, and relatively low cost. However, unprecise application of herbicides can lead to uncontrolled invasive plants and unintended management costs. Therefore, precision herbicide delivery techniques are being developed to improve invasive plant control and minimize impacts to non-target plants. These technological advancements have the potential to enhance aquatic ecosystem protection from invasive species while reducing associated management costs. Despite the benefits of using registered herbicides for aquatic plant control in efforts to restore aquatic habitats, their use is often misunderstood and opposed by public stakeholders. This can lead to significant challenges related to chemical control of nuisance aquatic vegetation. Thus, US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Districts seek improved methods to monitor and quantify the distribution (i.e., amount of herbicide retained on plant foliage compared to those deposited into the water column) of herbicides applied in aquatic systems. Monitoring herbicide movement in aquatic systems can be tedious and costly using standard analytical methods. However, since the inert fluorescent tracer dye Rhodamine WT (RWT) closely mimics product movement in the aquatic environment it has been used as a cost-effective surrogate for herbicides tracing. The use of RWT (or other inert tracer dyes) can be an efficient way to quantify herbicide retention and deposition following foliar treatments. However, the collection of operational spray deposition data in large populations of invasive floating and emergent plant stands is labor intensive and costly. One proposed solution is the use of remote sensing methods as an alternative to traditional in situ samples. Specifically, using unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) in conjunction with RWT could provide more efficient monitoring and quantification of herbicide spray distribution and in-water concentrations when using RWT in combination with herbicides. A better understanding of UAS capabilities and limitations is key as this technology is being explored for improved and integrated management of aquatic plants in the U.S. This technical note (TN) provides a review of literature to assess the state of knowledge and technologies that can assist USACE Districts and partners with tracking herbicide movement (using RWT as a surrogate or additive), which could improve operational monitoring, thus reducing the level of uncertainty related to chemical applications and non-target impacts, and thus improve management in aquatic systems.
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Lawson, Vince. Evaluation of New Sweet Corn Herbicides. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1620.
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Hartzler, Robert G., and Bruce Battles. Evaluation of Herbicides in Corn and Soybean. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-2315.
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Haywood, James D., and Thomas W. Melder. Effectiveness of Glyphosate Mixed With Soil-Active Herbicides. New Orleans, LA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/so-rn-365.
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Johnson, Paul S. Underplanting northern red oak in Missouri without herbicides. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nc-gtr-152.
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Cochran, Diane, and Kenny McCabe. Evaluation of Select Herbicides on Non-Bearing Crops. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1603.
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Cochran, Diana. Evaluation of Select Herbicides on Non-bearing Crops. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-35.
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Yates, Timothy, and Kevin McNally. Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of the HardSPEC environmental exposure model for pesticide regulatory assessments. HSE, September 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69730/hse.24rr1204.
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HardSPEC is an environmental fate model that predicts concentrations of pesticides in surface and groundwater following application on hard surfaces, such as roads, pavements and railway tracks, and a subsequent series of rainfall events; such pesticide use is typically of herbicides used for weed control. HardSPEC is used by HSE to assess the risk of, and take decisions related to, herbicide application. In this project we implemented the model in Matlab, a scientific programming language, and verified that the results precisely matched the results from the spreadsheet implementation. We developed a sensitivity analysis framework that varies the values of any of the parameters automatically and records the predicted concentrations
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Westerdahl, Howard E., and Kurt D. Getsinger. Aquatic Plant Control Research Program: Aquatic Plant Identification and Herbicide Use Guide. Volume 2. Aquatic Plants and Susceptibility to Herbicides. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada203243.
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