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Academic literature on the topic 'Herbicide efficiency in rain'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Herbicide efficiency in rain"

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Correia, N. M., E. H. Camilo, and E. A. Santos. "Sulfentrazone efficiency on Ipomoea hederifolia and Ipomoea quamoclit as influenced by rain and sugarcane straw." Planta Daninha 31, no. 1 (March 2013): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582013000100018.

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The aim of this study was to assess the capacity of sulfentrazone applied in pre-emergence in controlling Ipomoea hederifolia and Ipomoea quamoclit as a function of the time interval between herbicide application and the occurrence of rain, and the presence of sugarcane straw on the soil surface. Two greenhouse experiments and one field experiment were conducted. For the greenhouse experiments, the study included three doses of sulfentrazone applied by spraying 0, 0.6, and 0.9 kg ha-1, two amounts of straw on the soil (0 and 10 t ha-1), and five time intervals between the application of herbicide and rain simulation (0, 20, 40, 60, and 90 days). In the field experiment, five herbicide treatments (sulfentrazone at 0.6 and 0.9 kg ha-1, sulfentrazone + hexazinone at 0.6 + 0.25 kg ha-1, amicarbazone at 1.4 kg ha-1, and imazapic at 0.147 kg ha-1) and two controls with no herbicide were studied. Management conditions with or without sugarcane straw on the soil were also assessed. From the greenhouse experiments, sulfentrazone application at 0.6 kg ha-1 was found to provide for the efficient control of I. hederifolia and I. quamoclit in a dry environment, with up to 90 days between herbicide application and rain simulation. After herbicide application, 20 mm of simulated rain was enough to leach sulfentrazone from the straw to the soil, as the biological effects observed in I. hederifolia and I. quamoclit remained unaffected. Under field conditions, either with or without sugarcane straw left on the soil, sulfentrazone alone (0.6 or 0.9 kg ha-1) or sulfentrazone combined with hexazinone (0.6 + 0.25 kg ha-1) was effective in the control of I. hederifolia and I. quamoclit, exhibiting similar or better control than amicarbazone (1.4 kg ha-1) and imazapic (0.147 kg ha-1).

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Ogundari, K. "Resource-productivity, allocative efficiency and determinants of technical efficiency of rainfed rice farmers: A guide for food security policy in Nigeria." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 54, No. 5 (June 13, 2008): 224–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/246-agricecon.

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This paper analyses the resource-productivity, technical efficiency (TE) and allocative efficiency of rain fed farmers in Nigeria. The results of the parameters that enter the production function shows that herbicide has the highest elasticities, then seeds, followed by fertilizer and land while labour has the least contribution to output. Also, the result for the allocative efficiency based on the computed <i>MVP<sub>x</sub></i> = <i>P<sub>x</sub></i> show that none of the respondents optimally allocated the inputs. However, a greater number of the respondents were found to underutilized variables like land, seeds, fertilizer and herbicide (<i>MVP<sub>x</sub></i> < <i>P<sub>x</sub></i>) while a greater number of the farmers over utilized labour (<i>MVP<sub>x</sub></i> > <i>P<sub>x</sub></i>). But in both cases, it was revealed that the use of more labour decreased the rice production from the study faster than any of the selected variables. The mean TE index was found to be 0.75. This suggests that 0.25 of rice yield is forgone due to inefficiency. The significant gamma (γ) value of 0.873 establishes the fact that a high level of technical inefficiency exists among the sampled farmers. Extension contact and access to credit are found to be significant determinants of TE among the farmers. Hence, agricultural policy makers in Nigeria should focus on how farmers could follow appropriate farm practices in the course of technology adoption to prevent under utilization of farm inputs via the intensification of extension activities in the country and accessibility to credit by farmers should be given more priority. Pursuing these will raise the productivity and efficiency of rice production in the country in the long run.

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Zahoor, F., M. A. Malik, R. Anser, M. Shehzad, A. Saleem, M. Anser, M. H. Siddiqui, K. Mubeen, and S. H. Raza. "Water Use Efficiency and Rain Water Productivity of Wheat under Various Tillage-Glyphosate Interactive Systems." Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 48, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cerce-2015-0014.

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Abstract Rainfed wheat is generally grown in rotation with summer fallow in medium to high rainfall zone of Pothwar plateau of Pakistan. The present study was, therefore, conducted to investigate the impact of shallow and deep tillage practices, with and without herbicide (glyphosate) application, on moisture conservation and subsequent wheat yields. The study also aimed to examine the feasibility of substituting intensive shallow tillage with single application of glyphosate. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replicates and net plot size of 14 m x 10 m, during 2007 and 2008 at two locations i.e high and medium rainfall. Wheat cultivar “GA-2002” was planted as a test crop. The data showed the superiority of conservation tillage in terms of conservation of moisture and increasing grain yields. Results also elaborated that tillage cannot be completely eliminated for profitable fallow management. However, deep ploughing with moldboard followed by single application of glyphosate proved potential option for substituting shallow tillage carried out during summer (kharif). The additional benefits under this tillage system included saving in fuel, labour and lower depreciation and maintenance costs for tillage machinery in addition to unquantifiable environmental benefits.

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István Kristó, István Makó, and Mária Gazdagné Torma. "Use of Clearfield technology in the sunflower." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 43 (October 30, 2011): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/43/2649.

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Sunflower is one of the most important cultivated plants in Hungary. We carried out our research in 2009 with eight imidazolinone resistant hybrids and one conventional variety in order to compare the efficiency and selectivity of Clearfield technology to the conventional system. In the trial the Clearfield hybrids were treated by 3,5 l/ha Wing-P (pre) and 1,2 l/ha Pulsar 40 SL(post). The plot of the conventional variety was sprayed by 4,0 l/ha Wing-P and 0,5 l/ha Goal Duplo (pre).Wing-P also had a poor effect because of the lack of rain. Pulsar 40 SL gave an excellent result against the 2-6 leaves of monocotyledonous and the dicotyledonous weeds. Only the well-developed Hibiscus trionum survived the treatment. The combination of Wing-P and the Goal Duplo herbicide provided poor result against the caracteristical weeds of the experimental area because of the lack of rain. Oxifluorfen with contact effect burned the leaves of the sunflower.

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van Eeden, T. C., and D. du Toit. "The effect of simulated rain on the efficiency of herbicides in the presence of maize stubble." South African Journal of Plant and Soil 5, no. 4 (January 1988): 212–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1988.10634988.

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Souza, Guilherme Sasso Ferreira, Dagoberto Martins, Maria Renata Rocha Pereira, and Murilo Villas Boas Bagatta. "Action of rain on the efficiency of herbicides applied post-emergence in the control of Senna obtusifolia." Revista Ciência Agronômica 45, no. 3 (September 2014): 550–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1806-66902014000300016.

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Dávid, István. "The Effect of Zanthium Extracts on Germination in Relation to Interior and Exterior Factors." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 13 (May 4, 2004): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/13/3384.

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In Hungary, the cocklebur species significantly endanger row crops (i.e. corn, sunflower, sugar beet). Their fast spreading is caused by many reasons: long-lasting emergence, reduced sensitivity to many kinds of herbicides, vigorous competitional ability, allelopathy, fast initial growth and changes in climate. The means of allelopathy is used by many species of plants in the competition with one another, as well as by the cockleburs. But the efficiency of this is influenced by many factors. Species with allelopathical effect could show different behaviour under different conditions: they can produce compounds with retarding and stimulating effects in different quantities or compositions. The actual condition of the acceptor plant and the mediator agent (i.e. soil) influence the final effect.In this experiment influence of phenology and rainfall was studied on allelopathy of cockleburs in May, July and September. A stronger inhibition was observed on growth of cress before rain in July than in May, but this retarding effect disappeared after rainfall. However, the samples collected in September have significant inhibitory effect after rain. Inhibition of sugarbeet’s germination was stronger in May than in July, and the difference increased after rain.

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Sudak, V. M., А. І. Horbatenko, V. L. Matiukha, and А. О. Kulyk. "The effectiveness of applying herbicides incorn growing technology." Scientific Journal Grain Crops 4, no. 2 (December 11, 2020): 363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0145.

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Studies conducted on the chernozems of the steppe zone of Ukraine have revealed a direct relationship between thephytosanitary condition of an agricultural ecosystem and the amount of productive moisture used by corn plants from the 0 to 150 cmsoil layer during the period from sowing to harvest. In absolutely cleancrops, corn plants used soil water to the 156 mm depth, while in the plotsfrom which the weeds were not removedsoil water was used to 203 mm and on theherbicide-treated soilto 168–171 mm depth. Full or partial control of weediness of crops makes it possible to save 320–470 m3/ha moisture reserves, which is equal to the average monthly precipitation that fell during the growing season (2018–2019). Effectiveness of the tested crop chemical protection systems was to a large extend determined by the hydrothermal conditions in April - May. High air temperature, lack of agronomically useful rains and dry winds caused drying out of the upper soil layer and decreasedphytotoxicity of pre-emergence herbicides. In this case (2018), the largest percentage of the first wave weeds (89.1 %) was destroyed by a tank mixture of crop protectionagents contained in Frontier Optima (0.8 l/ha + Stellar (0.8 l/ha) + Metolat (0.8 l/ha). In favorable weather, to ensure manifestation of toxicological properties of soil herbicides (2019), the following combined technological schemes for harmful species control in the first stages of corn organogenesis had an advantage: Dual Gold (1.5 l/ha) (before sowing), Stellar (1.25 l/ha) + Metolat (1.25 l/ha) (after emergence of seedlings) and Acris(3 l/ha) (before sowing), Kelvin Plus (0.35 kg/ha) + Hasten (1 l/ha) (after emergence of seedlings). The technical efficiency of the herbicide application reached 98–100 %. In 2018, the highest yield of corn grain (7.85 t/ha) in the protected plots was obtained after application (in the phase of development of 3–5 corn leaves) of the following tank mixture: Frontier Optima (0.8 l/ha) + Stellar (0.8 l/ha) + Metolat (0.8 l/ha). This combination turned out to be the most effective in terms of cost effectiveness of grain production, providing a profitability of 213 %. In 2019, we managed to increase the yields by combining soil and crop protection herbicides. Given the cost and consumption rate of the herbicides used per 1 ha, a combination of synthetic agrochemicals Avatar (2.5 l/ha) (before sowing) + Prima (0.5 l/ha) (after emergence of seedlings) was the best in terms of the main product cost (1579 UAH/t) and profitability (134 %). Key words: weeds, herbicidal system, technical efficiency, productivity, profitability of production.

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Bhurer, KP, DN Yadav, JK Ladha, RB Thapa, and KR Pandey. "Influence of Integrated Weed Management Practices on Dynamics and Weed Control Efficiency in Dry Direct Seeded Rice." Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 14, no. 2 (May 15, 2014): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v14i2.10413.

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Field experiment under dry direct seeded rice(Oryza sativa L.) was conducted during rainy season of 2010 and 2011 at Regional Agriculture Research Station (RARS), Parwanipur, Bara to develop appropriate weed management practices for dry direct- seeded rice. The trial was laid-out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) and replicated thrice. Observations were taken on weed, plant growth and yield attributing, yield, and socio-economic parameters. The weed density, dry weed weight and weed control efficiency resulted significantly different as influenced by integrated weed management practices. Low weed population density, low weed index and highest weed control efficiency resulted by pendimethalin followed by 2, 4- D followed by one hand weeding were at par with weed free check. Highest yield resulted from weed free plot followed by pendimethalin followed by two hand weeding and pendimethalin followed by 2, 4- D followed by one hand weeding. However, the net return per unit investment resulted highest in pendimethalin followed by 2, 4- D followed by one hand weeding. This proved that amid increasing wage rate and labour scarcity integrated weed management through pendimethalin 30 EC (Stomp) @1 kg a. i. /ha as pre- emergence herbicide application followed by 2, 4- D sodium salt 80 WP @ 0.5 kg a. i. /ha followed by one hand weeding or stale seed bed followed by pendimethalin 30 EC (Stomp) @1 kg a. i. /ha followed by bispyribac (Nominee gold) @25 g a. i. /ha 10% @200 ml/ha at 20 days of seeding resulted best alternative for manual hand weeding practices giving higher net return per unit investment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v14i2.10413 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 14, No. 2 (2013) 33-42

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Saputra, Dwi, Dad RJ Sembodo, and Tumiar Katarina Manik. "Effect of Rainfall Intensity on Glyphosate Herbicide Effectiveness in Controlling Ageratum conyzoides, Rottboellia exaltata, and Cyperus rotundus Weeds." Agromet 34, no. 1 (April 14, 2020): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/j.agromet.34.1.11-19.

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Glyphosate is one of herbicide active ingredient which is mostly used to control weeds in crops. However, in rain season herbicide effectiveness decreases as it is washed by rain. This research aimed to study effect of rainfall intensity on the effectiveness of herbicide (Round up 486 SL 2.5 l/ha.) with isopropilamina glyphosate as the active ingredient in controlling specific weeds Ageratum conyzoides, Rottboellia exaltata, and Cyperus rotundus. The experiment was consisted of six treatments and arranged in randomized block design with 8 replications. The treatments were level of rain intensity which were 5 mm/hour, 10 mm/hour, 20 mm/hour, 40 mm/hour, no rain and control (no herbicide no rain). Rainfall intensity was determined by conducting simulation trials prior to the treatments and applied 30 minutes after herbicide applications. The results showed that herbicide effectiveness decreased as the rainfall intensity incresed, even though with longer time the herbicide was still able to control the weeds. The effect of rainfall intensity on herbicide effectiveness was different for different weeds. Up to intensity 40 mm/hour herbicide was capable to control weeds but with level of weeds destruction 20-60%.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Herbicide efficiency in rain"

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Hankins, S. D. "The effect of precipitation on the performance of foliage-applied herbicides for the control of broad-leaved weeds." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379852.

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Pettegrew, Brian P. "On methods of precipitation efficiency estimation /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1422951.

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Strong, Patrick. "Efficiency of Nitrate and Phosphorus Removal in a Working Rain Garden." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc804969/.

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Rain gardens are low impact developments designed to mitigate a suite of issues associated with urban stormwater runoff. The site for this study was a Denton City rain garden at the Denton Waste Water Treatment Plant. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal was examined in light of two overflow events comprised of partially treated wastewater from an upslope anaerobic digester pond. Nitrate removal efficiency was examined across differing dry spell intervals of 5, 8, and 12 d, displaying a moderate negative correlation (r2 = 0.59). Continued phosphorus removal capacity was assessed, showing phosphorus removal in cases where P was in excess of 0.8 mg/L, reflecting an equilibrium phosphorus concentration. A high expanded shale component in the soil media (25%) was likely a factor in the continued removal of phosphorus. Overall the rain garden proved to be a large source of nitrate (+425%) and total nitrogen (+61%) by mass. The study showed that while the rain garden intercepted a large volume of partially treated wastewater during the overflow events, preventing it from reaching a nearby creek, the mitigation of an acute event has extended to a chronic one as nitrogen is gradually processed and flushed from the system as nitrate.

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Hidaka, Amane. "The pattern and mechanisms of phosphorus-use efficiency of Bornean tropical rain forests." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/142420.

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Morin, France 1963. "Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal efficiency on apple rootstocks : effects of genotypes and herbicides." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68224.

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There has been little research into the compatibility of commonly utilized apple rootstocks and VA-fungal types, and even less research regarding the effects of herbicides used in orchards, on the VAM symbiosis of apple trees. Studies demonstrated that early inoculation of young apple plants, prior to transplanting, results in healthy and vigorous plants with better growth and nutrition than uninoculated plants. We studied the efficiency of VA-fungal species and isolates on young apple rootstocks, produced by in vitro propagation. Mycorrhizal inoculation promoted plant growth, dry mass production and leaf P concentration. Mycorrhizal efficiency was associated with larger external hyphal network but showed no relation with the internal colonization. Despite the high P-fertility of the soil used, growth enhancement due to mycorrhizal inoculation was attributed to an improved P nutrition.
In a second experiment, the effect of herbicides currently used in orchards was tested on the mycorrhizal symbiosis. Paraquat, simazine and dichlobenil were applied to soil with mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal apple plants. Mycorrhizae increased herbicide toxicity in apple, as demonstrated by the greatly increased plant mortality. While both paraquat and simazine decreased spore germination in vitro, none of the herbicide treatments affected root colonization in soil. Effects on the photosynthetic rate, measured after herbicide application, indicated a physiological interaction between mycorrhizal colonization and dichlobenil, involved in the toxic response of apple plants.

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Good, Joseph Francis. "Water quality treatment and hydraulic efficacy of laboratory and field rain gardens." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5895.

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Urbanisation leads to increases in stormwater runoff, resulting in elevated contaminant (e.g. metal, sediment, and nutrient pollutant) loads, decreased local infiltration and greater peak flow intensities. Heavy metal contaminants of concern, primarily copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn), originate from a variety of sources including wear-and-tear of vehicle parts, corrosion of alloy roofs, legacy petroleum contamination, and multifarious construction practices. Different technologies have been used to mitigate stormwater runoff, ranging from traditional drainage networks fitted with concrete proprietary devices (e.g. vortex sediment separators and filters) to more environmentally integrated sustainable solutions. Rain gardens, a type of Sustainable Urban Drainage System (SUDS) or Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD), are employed to control stormwater peak flows and runoff volumes and simultaneously reduce contaminant loads to neighbouring waterways through biologically-active landscaped design. Despite increases in use of rain gardens as a best management practice (BMP) to treat urban stormwater runoff, there is a dearth of knowledge about their treatment and infiltration performance worldwide. It is believed that incorporating topsoil into rain garden design is likely to improve contaminant removal efficiencies (Davis et al. 2001; ARC 2003; Fletcher et al. 2004; Carpenter and Hallam 2010), but design recommendations are not informed by performance data which is limiting. Performance data is necessary for understanding the long-term responses of bioinfiltrative treatment systems and for modelling efforts aiming to predict their mitigation behaviour (Fletcher et al. 2004). In order to evaluate the influence of substrate composition on stormwater treatment and hydraulic effectiveness in rain gardens, mesocosm-scale (180 L, 0.17 m2) laboratory systems were established. Saturated (constant-head) hydraulic conductivity was determined before and after contaminant (Cu, Zn, Pb and nutrients) removal experiments on three rain garden systems comprising various proportions of organic topsoil. Raw stormwater runoff from a neighbouring Christchurch city catchment was collected, characterised, and applied in the removal efficiency experiments. The system with only topsoil had the lowest saturated hydraulic conductivity (160 mm/hr initial to 164 mm/hr final) and poorest metal (Cu, Zn) removal efficiency (Cu 0.3%, Zn 60.5% and Pb 89.5%) at a ‘standard’ contaminant loading rate (Cu = 5.99 ± 0.73 µg/min, Zn = 57.89 ± 6.06 µg/min, Pb = 13.65 ± 2.80 µg/min). The sand-only system demonstrated good metal removal (Cu 56.4%, Zn 73.5%, and Pb 81.6%) with hydraulic conductivity (up to 805 mm/hr) adequate for practical implementation (i.e. greater than the 13 mm/hr minimum requirement (ARC 2003; MDE 2009; SFPUC 2009)). Overall, total metal amounts in the effluent were <50% of influent loads for all experiments, with the exception of Cu in the topsoil-only system, whose removal was negligible (0.3%). Greater metal removal was observed when effluent pH was elevated (up to pH 7.38). The pH increase (from an initial pH of 6.23 in raw stormwater) was provided by the calcareous sand, whereas the topsoil-only system lacked an alkaline source. Consequently, organic topsoil had poorer contaminant removal due to higher dissolved metal fractions, which are more difficult to immobilise at the lower pH. The relationship between pH and dissolved fraction was highly significant (Pearson’s Correlation, p < 0.0001, df = 74) for Cu, Zn, and Pb. Mesocosm-scale systems were then re-established with a calcareous substrate supplement to quantify the effects of pH augmentation on contaminant removal and hydraulic efficiencies. Mussel shells, a waste product from the shell-fish industry, were employed in two different volumetric proportions. Metal removal efficiency was increased in systems with mussel shells (Cu up to 46.6%, Zn up to 80.2%, Pb up to 88.7%) compared to the topsoil-only system (Cu 27.5%, Zn 55.5%, Pb 81.0%). Larger increases in removal efficiency were seen for Cu and Zn because increases in pH from mussel shell enhanced particulate fractions, which are easier to remove in filtration systems, while Pb is mainly in the particulate form at influent pH (Morrison et al. 1990). Effluent from systems with mussel shells also had higher hardness (hardness up to 101.7 mg/L as CaCO3) compared with 22.4 mg/L as CaCO3 in topsoil-only effluent. Hardness reduces metal ecotoxicity (Hyne et al. 2005). Results of these experiments show that mussel shells are a promising rain garden substrate capable of increasing metal removal efficiency and also decreasing metal ecotoxicity in effluent of bioinfiltration systems. Concurrently, an operational field-scale “rain garden” (42 m3; 60 m2) in Christchurch was monitored for hydraulic throughput and contaminant removal. The field system performed extremely well at mitigating peak flows, detaining water throughout storm events and removing total suspended solids (TSS) (90.6% average removal). However, the system failed to reduce effluent median total metal concentrations (Cu = 15.9 µg/L, Zn = 139.6 µg/L, Pb = 11.7 µg/L) below relevant ANZECC guidelines (Cu = 1.8 µg/L, Zn = 15.0 µg/L, Pb = 5.6 µg/L) highlighting the opportunity to optimise these field designs to improve metal removal.

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Howle, Matthew Bailey. "Family forest owners' perceptions of effectiveness and economic efficiency of herbicide treatments for Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense) control a field focus group approach /." Connect to this title online, 2009. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1252937415/.

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Koranchie-Boah, Peter. "Analysis of Biofiltration Efficiency for Treating Stormwater Runoff from a Parking Facility." Connect to resource online, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1220486492.

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Ponce, Campos Guillermo. "Ecosystem Net Primary Production Responses to Changes in Precipitation Using an Annual Integrated MODIS EVI." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/202736.

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In this study, the relationship of above-ground net primary productivity (ANPP) with precipitation using the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) from satellite data as surrogate for ANPP was assessed. To use EVI as a proxy for ANPP we extracted the satellite data from areas with uniform vegetation in a 2x2 km area for the multi-site approach.In the multi-site analysis in the United States our results showed a strong exponential relationship between iEVI and annual precipitation across the sites and climate regimes studied. We found convergence of all sites toward common and maximum rain use efficiency under the water-limited conditions represented by the driest year at each site. Measures of inter-annual variability in iEVI with rainfall variation across biomes were similar to that reported by Knapp and Smith (2001) in which the more herbaceous dominant sites were found to be most sensitive to interannual variations in precipitation with no relationships found in woodland sites.The relationship was also evaluated in the southern hemisphere using a multi-site analysis with information from satellite TRMM for precipitation and MOD13Q1 from MODIS for EVI values at calendar and hydrologic year periods. The tested sites were located across the 6 major land cover types inAustralia, obtained from MODIS MCD12Q1 product and used to compare the relationship across different biomes. The results showed significant agreement between the annual iEVI and annual precipitation across the biomes involved in this study showing non-significant differences between the calendar and hydrologic years for the 24 sites across different climatic conditions.At the regional scale we also assessed the ANPP-precipitation relationship across all of Australia. Precipitation data from TRMM was obtained at 0.25x0.25 degrees spatial resolution and monthly temporal resolution and EVI values were obtained from the CGM (Climate Grid Modeling) MOD13C1-16-days and 5.6km temporal and spatial resolutions, respectively. Our results were in fair agreement with those from our first two studies and previous research and provided specific insights regarding the use iEVI as a proxy for productivity over extended regions as well as its combination with data sets from TRMM sensor for precipitation data.

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Quérel, Arnaud. "Lessivage de l'atmosphère par la pluie : approche microphysique." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00859330.

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Les particules d'aérosol sont une composante essentielle de l'atmosphère, et cette importance s'amplifie lors d'une éventuelle libération dans l'atmosphère de matières radioactives sous forme particulaire. En effet, pour améliorer la connaissance autour de la contamination des sols consécutive à une émission de particules, il est important d'étudier le rabattement des particules par la pluie sous le nuage. Dans ce but, des expériences sont menées à l'échelle microphysique (expérience BERGAME) pour quantifier l'efficacité des gouttes de pluie à collecter les particules. Ceci permet au final d'améliorer la modélisation du lessivage des aérosols atmosphériques par la pluie à méso-échelle. Le modèle utilisé est DESCAM qui décrit de manière détaillée les distributions granulométriques en masse et en nombre des particules pour chaque type d'aérosol et des hydrométéores et calcule leur évolution due aux processus microphysiques nuageux. L'expérience BERGAME a été dimensionnée et construite pour mesurer l'efficacité de collecte car les mesures de ce paramètre se sont avérées en désaccord avec les modèles classiques de la littérature pour les gouttes de pluie d'un diamètre supérieur au millimètre. Un montage optique a été imaginé pour tenter de comprendre quels mécanismes de collecte sont négligés dans les modèles standards. Un nouveau modèle d'efficacité de collecte pour les gouttes d'un diamètre de 2 mm est alors proposé prenant en compte pour les grosses gouttes une recirculation turbulente dans le sillage de la goutte capable d'augmenter de façon importante la capture des petites particules. Les nouvelles efficacités de collecte ainsi mesurées et paramétrées sont ajoutées au modèle de nuage DESCAM. Des modifications significatives sur la modélisation du lessivage par DESCAM sont observées, ouvrant ainsi la voie à une amélioration de la modélisation de la contamination des sols par les modèles de dispersion atmosphérique.

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Books on the topic "Herbicide efficiency in rain"

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P, Sharma M. Efficiency of activated charcoal for inactivation of Bromacil and Tebuthiuron residues in soil. Edmonton, Alta: Alberta Land Conservation and Reclamation Council, Reclamation Research Technical Advisory Committee, 1989.

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Office, General Accounting. Testimony: Views on DOE's clean coal technology program statement of John W. Sprague, ... before the Subcommittee on Energy and Power, Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: U.S. General Accounting Office, 1988.

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Office, General Accounting. Testimony: Bonneville Unit's Irrigation and Drainage System is not economically justified. [Washington, D.C.?]: The Office, 1990.

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Richardson, Brian. The role of droplet size, concentration, spray volume, and canopy architecture in herbicide application efficiency. 1988.

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Connellan, Geoff. Water Use Efficiency for Irrigated Turf and Landscape. CSIRO Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643106888.

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Achieving high water use efficiency in maintaining turf, trees and landscape areas is a core responsibility of open space managers. Water Use Efficiency for Irrigated Turf and Landscape provides a logical and scientifically sound approach to irrigation in urban areas in Australia. It is based on green space delivering defined outcomes using the principles of water sensitive urban design and irrigation efficiency. The book covers all stages of the water pathway – from the source to delivery into the plant root zone. Major topics include system planning, estimating water demand, water quality, irrigation systems, soil management and irrigation performance evaluation. Clearly presented explanations are included, as well as line drawings and worked examples, and a plant water use database covering more than 250 plant species. A Water Management Planning template is included to guide water managers and operators through a process that will deliver a sound plan to achieve sustainable turf, urban trees and landscapes. Best Management Practice Irrigation principles are outlined and their implementation in open space turf and landscape situations is explained. The benefits and limitations of the various methods of delivering water to plants are covered, together with case studies and guidelines for specific horticultural situations. Methodologies to evaluate irrigated sites are included along with recommended benchmark values. The book presents the latest irrigation technology, including developments in water application, control technology and environmental sensors such as weather stations, soil moisture sensors and rain sensors.

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John, Ryan, Matar Abdallah, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas., and United Nations Development Programme, eds. Fertilizer use efficiency under rain-fed agriculture in West Asia and North Africa: Proceedings of the Fourth Regional Workshop, 5-10 May 1991, Agadir, Morocco. Aleppo, Syria: International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, 1992.

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Goldemberg, José. Energy. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780199812905.001.0001.

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Without a doubt, the topic of energy--from coal, oil, and nuclear to geothermal, solar and wind--is one of the most pressing across the globe. It is of paramount importance to policy makers, economists, environmentalists, and industry as they consider which technologies to invest in, how to promote use of renewable energy sources, and how to plan for dwindling reserves of non-renewable energy. In Energy: What Everyone Needs to Know, José Goldemberg, a nuclear physicist who has been hailed by Time magazine as one of the world's top "leaders and visionaries on the environment," takes readers through the basics of the world energy system, its problems, and the technical as well as non-technical solutions to the most pressing energy problems. Addressing the issues in a Q-and-A format, Goldemberg answers such questions as: What are wind, wave, and geothermal energy? What are the problems of nuclear waste disposal? What is acid rain? What is the greenhouse gas effect? What is Carbon Capture and Storage? What are smart grids? What is the Kyoto Protocol? What is "cap and trade"? The book sheds light on the role of population growth in energy consumption, renewable energy resources, the amount of available energy reserves (and when they will run out), geopolitical issues, environmental problems, the frequency of environmental disasters, energy efficiency, new technologies, and solutions to changing consumption patterns. It will be the first place to look for information on the vital topic of energy.

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Book chapters on the topic "Herbicide efficiency in rain"

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Wexler, Raymond. "Efficiency of Natural Rain." In Geophysical Monograph Series, 158–63. Washington D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm005p0158.

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Portney, Paul R. "Efficiency and Environmental Policymaking." In Acid Rain Economic Assessment, 107–14. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8353-0_11.

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Huang, Fang. "Rain-Use Efficiency: Remote Sensing." In Fresh Water and Watersheds, 225–31. Second edition. | Boca Raton: CRC Press, [2020] | Revised edition of: Encyclopedia of natural resources. [2014].: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429441042-33.

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Brockmann, Karl Ludwig, Jens Hemmelskamp, and Olav Hohmeyer. "Effectiveness and Efficiency of a Certification Scheme Aimed at Protecting Tropical Rain Forests." In Certified Tropical Timber and Consumer Behaviour, 15–17. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-51735-8_3.

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Pilbeam, C. J., A. M. McNeill, D. Court, H. C. Harris, and R. S. Swift. "Efficiency of fertilizer use by a rain-fed wheat crop following split-application of fertilizer nitrogen." In Progress in Nitrogen Cycling Studies, 251–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5450-5_42.

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Chatain, Alex, Jennifer Read, and Tanguy Jaffré. "Does leaf-level nutrient-use efficiency explain Nothofagus-dominance of some tropical rain forests in New Caledonia?" In Forest Ecology, 51–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2795-5_5.

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Mujeyi, Angeline, and Maxwell Mudhara. "Economic Analysis of Climate-Smart Agriculture Technologies in Maize Production in Smallholder Farming Systems." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 225–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_17.

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AbstractSmallholder farmers who grow the staple maize crop rely mainly on rain-fed agricultural production, and yields are estimated to have decreased by over 50% largely due to climate change. Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) technologies, as adaptive strategies, are thus increasingly being promoted to overcome problems of declining agricultural productivity and reduced technical efficiency. This study analyzed profitability and profit efficiency in maize (Zea mays) production as a result of CSA technology adoption using cost-benefit analysis and stochastic profit frontier model. The study used data from a cross-sectional household survey of 386 households drawn from 4 districts in Mashonaland East province located in the northeastern part of Zimbabwe. Results from the cost-benefit analysis reveal that maize performs best under CSA technologies. The profit inefficiency model shows that extension contact, number of local traders, and adoption of CSA had significant negative coefficients indicating that as these variables increase, profit efficiency among maize-growing farmers increases. This implies that profit inefficiency in maize production can be reduced significantly with improvement in extension contact, access to farm gate/local markets, and adoption of CSA. The findings call for development practitioners to incorporate market linkages that bring buyers closer to the farmers, support for extension to be able to have frequent contacts with farmers, and promotion of CSA adoption.

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Sharma, Pradeep Kumar, and Surjit K. De Datta. "Rainwater Utilization Efficiency in Rain-Fed Lowland Rice." In Advances in Agronomy Volume 52, 85–120. Elsevier, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2113(08)60622-7.

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Somasundaram, S. "Supplementary Irrigation Using Rain-Gun Sprinklers for Increasing Productivity in Drylands." In Management Strategies for Water Use Efficiency and Micro Irrigated Crops, 27–33. Apple Academic Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429060601-3.

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"Aerodynamic Efficiency Study of GLC-305 Airfoil in Simulated Rain and Icing Conditions." In International Conference on Control Engineering and Mechanical Design (CEMD 2017), 254–60. ASME Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.861677_ch32.

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Conference papers on the topic "Herbicide efficiency in rain"

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Stashkevich, A. V., and S. A. Kolesnik. "Efficiency of herbicide “Trik–P” in corn crops." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/09.09.2019.52.

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Soroka, L. I., S. V. Soroka, V. A. Podluzhnaya, and M. P. Mironova. "Efficiency of herbicide ‘Primadonna’, SE (suspension emulsion) on oat crops." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/09.09.2019.50.

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Soroka, L. I., S. V. Soroka, and I. Yu Petrovets. "Efficiency of herbicide “Bunt”, AS in winter wheat crops by spring application." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/09.09.2019.51.

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Coburn, Carl W., and Andrew R. Kniss. "COMPARISON OF THE ECO-EFFICIENCY OF CONVENTIONAL AND GLYPHOSATE-RESISTANT SUGARBEET HERBICIDE TREATMENTS." In 37th Biennial Meeting of American Society of Sugarbeet Technologist. ASSBT, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5274/assbt.2013.6.

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Krylova T.S., T. S., L. A. Dorozhkina L.A., and A. N. Dubrovin A.N. "Kamelot in soybean crops of the Amur Region." In Растениеводство и луговодство. Тимирязевская сельскохозяйственная академия, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-31.

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The data for 2018-2019 on tests of the Kamelot herbicide for the protection of soybeans in the Amur Region are presented. The herbicide was applied before soybean germination at a rate of 4 l / ha. The biological efficiency of Camelot was 87-93%, which corresponded to the value of the standard (Frontier Optima). High efficiency of the herbicide was found out against common commeline, white mari, backyard buckwheat and chicken millet. The yield increase was equal to 6.1 c/ha.

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Ye, Jiansheng, Feng Zhang, and Guojun Sun. "Mapping the rain use efficiency of maize under three management practices on the Chinese Loess Plateau." In 2012 First International Conference on Agro-Geoinformatics. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/agro-geoinformatics.2012.6311697.

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Huang, Fang, Ping Wang, Shuai Chang, and Bo Li. "Rain use efficiency changes and its effects on land surface phenology in the Songnen Plain, Northeast China." In Remote Sensing for Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Hydrology, edited by Christopher M. Neale and Antonino Maltese. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2325086.

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Vintrou, E., M. Claden, A. Begue, and D. Ruelland. "Analysis of 1982–2006 Sudano-Sahelian vegetation dynamics using NOAA-AVHRR NDVI data and normalized rain-use efficiency." In 2009 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2009.5417506.

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Day, Ivor, John Williams, and Christopher Freeman. "Rain Ingestion in Axial Flow Compressors at Part Speed." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68582.

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New experimental work is reported on the effects of water ingestion on the performance of an axial flow compressor. The background to the work is the effect which heavy rain has on an aero-engine compressor when operating in ‘descent idle’ mode, i.e. when the compressor is operating at part-speed and when the aero-mechanical effects of water ingestion are likely to be more important than the thermodynamic effects. Most of our existing knowledge in this field comes from whole engine tests. The current work provides the first known results from direct measurements on a stand-alone compressor. The influence of droplet size on path trajectory is considered both computationally and experimentally to show that most rain droplets will collide with the first row of rotor blades. The water on the blades is then centrifuged towards the casing where the normal air flow patterns in the vicinity of the rotor tips are disrupted. The result of this disruption is a reduction in the delivery pressure and an increase the torque required to drive the compressor. Both effects reduce the efficiency of the machine. The behaviour of the water in the blade rows is examined in detail, and simple models are proposed to explain the loss of pressure rise and the increase in torque. The measurement were obtained in a low speed compressor making it possible to study the mechanical (increase in torque) and aerodynamic (reduction in pressure rise) effects of water ingestion without the added complication of thermodynamic effects.

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Quérel, Arnaud, Pascal Lemaitre, Marie Monier, Emmanuel Porcheron, and Andrea Flossmann. "Study of Aerosol Scavenging by Rain in Case of a Radioactive Contamination of the Atmosphere." In 2012 20th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering and the ASME 2012 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone20-power2012-54239.

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The analysis of the radioactive aerosol scavenging by rain after the Chernobyl accident highlights some differences between the modelling studies and the environmental measurements. Part of this gap is due to the uncertainties on the scavenging efficiency of aerosol particles by raindrops, in particular for drops with a diameter larger than one millimeter. The IRSN (Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire) has decided to launch an experimental study to measure with a better accuracy the scavenging efficiency of large raindrops. The scavenging efficiency of aerosol has been determined by measuring precisely the mass of aerosol particles collected by a single drop after its path through an atmosphere loaded with particles. The collection efficiencies for drop diameters of 2 mm and 2.6 mm (previously unknown for atmospheric aerosols) are measured. The impact of these new data on modeling of the washout of the atmosphere by the rain is noticed.

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Reports on the topic "Herbicide efficiency in rain"

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Makombe, G. A comparative analysis of the technical efficiency of rain-fed and smallholder irrigation in Ethiopia. International Water Management Institute (IWMI), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5337/2011.202.

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