Journal articles: 'HERBAL MITIGATOR'

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Kwak, Seo Young, Won Il Jang, Seung Bum Lee, Min-Jung Kim, Sunhoo Park, Sang Sik Cho, Hyewon Kim, Sun-Joo Lee, Sehwan Shim, and Hyosun Jang. "Centella asiatica-Derived Endothelial Paracrine Restores Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in Radiation-Induced Enteritis." Cells 11, no. 16 (August 16, 2022): 2544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11162544.

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Radiation-induced enteritis is frequently observed following radiotherapy for cancer or occurs due to radiation exposure in a nuclear accident. The loss of the epithelial integrity leads to ‘leaky gut’, so recovery of damaged epithelium is an important strategy in therapeutic trials. Centella asiatica (CA), a traditional herbal medicine, is widely used for wound healing by protecting against endothelial damage. In this study, we investigated the radio-mitigating effect of CA, focusing on the crosstalk between endothelial and epithelial cells. CA treatment relieved radiation-induced endothelial dysfunction and mitigated radiation-induced enteritis. In particular, treatment of the conditioned media from CA-treated irradiated endothelial cells recovered radiation-induced epithelial barrier damage. We also determined that epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a critical factor secreted by CA-treated irradiated endothelial cells. Treatment with EGF effectively improved the radiation-induced epithelial barrier dysfunction. We also identified the therapeutic effects of CA-induced endothelial paracrine in a radiation-induced enteritis mouse model with epithelial barrier restoration. Otherwise, CA treatment did not show radioprotective effects on colorectal tumors in vivo. We showed therapeutic effects of CA on radiation-induced enteritis, with the recovery of endothelial and epithelial dysfunction. Thus, our findings suggest that CA is an effective radio-mitigator against radiation-induced enteritis.

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Deepasakthi, J., R. Geetha, and T. Lakshmi. "Comparative Effect of Various Irrigants with Herbal Formulations in Reducing Enterococcus Faecalis Count." Journal of Complementary Medicine Research 13, no. 5 (2022): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/jcmr.2022.13.05.10.

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Background: Enterococcus faecalis is associated with different forms of periradicular diseases, both primary and persistence endodontic infections. Traditional herbals have high antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and biocompatible properties that make their use in dentistry more extensive. Judicious use of these herbal formulations has been found to mitigate the E.faecalis count. Aim: To compare the effect of various irrigants with herbal formulations in reducing Enterococcus faecalis count Materials and methods: Different herbal formulated irrigants were procured commercially. The test organism E.faecalis was isolated and maintained in the Nutrient Agar Slope at 4 degree C. Different concentrations of herbal irrigants were mixed with BHI agar and 50μL of the test organisms were added and poured into sterile petri dishes. Lawn culture of the test bacteria was made on the Plates and incubated at 37 degree C for 24 hrs and the colony forming units(CFU) were counted and recorded. Result: In this present study, comparing all 3 samples there is a higher reduction of count in Sample 3 (Cardamom and Tulsi mediated) than Sample 1 and Sample 2. Conclusion: Based on the results presented, it is possible to conclude that the herbal formulations represent a good reduction of Enterococcus faecalis.

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Mulyani, Cut, and Iswahyudi Iswahyudi. "PKM PEMBUATAN MINUMAN HERBAL UNTUK MITIGASI COVID 19 KEPADA MASYARAKAT GAMPONG SIMPANG WIE, LANGSA TIMUR." SELAPARANG Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Berkemajuan 4, no. 2 (April 4, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/jpmb.v4i2.3340.

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ABSTRAKPermasalahan utama yang dihadapi masyarakat Gampong Simpang Wie pada masa wabah Covid 19 seperti saat ini adalah minimnya pengetahuan masyarakat tentang mitigasi wabah Covid 19, mahal dan sulitnya memperoleh multivitamin dan tingkat perekonomian yang rendah. Mencermati permasalahan tersebut, maka perlu dilakukan edukasi pemanfaatan bahan-bahan herbal untuk meningkatkan imunitas tubuh. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi tentang jenis-jenis bahan herbal dan manfaatnya serta melakukan pelatihan pembuatan minuman herbal untuk mitigasi Covid 19. Setelah Kegiatan pengabdian ini selesai dilakukan, diharapkan peserta pelatihan mengetahui berbagai jenis bahan herbal serta manfaatnya dan mampu mengolah bahan-bahan tersebut menjadi minuman herbal. Ada lima tahapan yang dilakukan dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini, yaitu: observasi dan pengurusan izin pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian kepada kepala desa, sosialisasi jenis-jenis bahan herbal dan manfaatnya bagi kesehatan, praktek pembuatan minuman herbal, evaluasi terhadap kegiatan pengabdian yang telah dilakukan dan pemberian bantuan bibit tanaman herbal. Dari hasil evaluasi terhadap kegiatan pengabdian yang telah dilakukan terlihat bahwa pengetahuan peserta pelatihan terhadap jenis, manfaat dan cara pembuatan minumam herbal semakin meningkat. Kata Kunci : Covid 19; herbal; imunitas tubuh; mitigasi; minuman herbal. ABSTRACTThe main problem which was the Simpang Wie Village community during the Covid 19 outbreak as it is today is the lack of public knowledge about the mitigation of the Covid 19 outbreak, expensive and difficult to obtain multivitamins and a low economic level. Observing this problem, it is necessary to educate on the use of herbs ingredients to increase body immunity. This community service activity aims to provide information about the types of herbs ingredients and their benefits and conduct training in making herbs drinks to mitigate Covid 19. After this service activity is completed, it is hoped that the training participants will see various types of herbs ingredients and their benefits and be able to process these ingredients these ingredients become herbs drinks. There are five stages carried out in this service activity, namely: observing and obtaining permits for the implementation of community service activities to the village head, socializing the types of herbs ingredients and their health benefits, the practice of making herbs drinks, evaluating community service activities that have been carried out and providing assistance for herbs plant seeds. From the results of the evaluation of the service activities that have been carried out, there has been an increase in the knowledge of the training participants on the types, benefits and ways of making herbs drinks. Keywords: Covid 19; herbs; body immunity; mitigation; herbs drinks.

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Anand, T., M. D. Pandareesh, T. Mohan Manu, Farhath Khanum, N. Roopa, N. Madhukar, and N. Nagaraju. "Brahmi herbal drink mitigates aluminium chloride induced cognitive impairments." Defence Life Science Journal 2, no. 2 (May 31, 2017): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dlsj.2.11365.

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Aluminium chloride (AlCl3) is neurotoxic and has been proposed to be one of the environmental factors responsible for neurodegenerative disease like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disorders. It also causes learning and memory deficit. Bacopa monniera is well known for its memory enhancing property in traditional Indian system of medicine. In the present investigation we aim to evaluate cognitive-enhancing and neuromodulatory property of brahmi herbal drink (BHD), a nutraceutical product from Bacopa monniera extract. BHD was evaluated for physicochemical, sensory attributes and stability studies. Overall acceptability of BHD was good according to hedonic scale/ratings. Stability of the drink is for 6 months without losing its activity. Further, cognitive enhancing and neuromodulatory propensity of BHD was evaluated against AlCl3 treatment in rats. Administration of AlCl3 (100 mg/kg) daily for 23 days significantly increased cognitive impairment as evaluated in elevated plus maze (EPM) and Morris water maze (MWM) tests. BHD supplementation improved cognitive ability by decreasing the transfer and escape latency of EPM and MWM tests respectively. Our results further elucidate that BHD supplementation decreased acetylcholine esterase activity and nitric oxide levels by down-regulating AChE and iNOS expression respectively. BHD supplementation showed it neuroprotective efficacy by up-regulating BDNF expression. AlCl3 induced lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species generation was significantly alleviated by BHD and restored antioxidant status levels. All these results demonstrated the cognitive-enhancing and neuromodulatory potential of BHD in counteracting the damage inflicted by AlCl3 on rat brain.

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Srirama, Ramanujam, J. U. Santhosh Kumar, G. S. Seethapathy, Steven G. Newmaster, S. Ragupathy, K. N. Ganeshaiah, R. Uma Shaanker, and Gudasalamani Ravikanth. "Species Adulteration in the Herbal Trade: Causes, Consequences and Mitigation." Drug Safety 40, no. 8 (April 8, 2017): 651–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40264-017-0527-0.

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Khan, Mohammad, Mhaveer Singh, Masood Khan, Wasim Ahmad, Abul Najmi, and Sayeed Ahmad. "Alternative Approach for Mitigation of Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity using Herbal Agents." Current Clinical Pharmacology 9, no. 3 (August 31, 2014): 288–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574884709999140606162053.

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Wang, Chunguang, Tie Zhang, Xuemei Cui, Shuang Li, Xinghua Zhao, and Xiuhui Zhong. "Hepatoprotective Effects of a Chinese Herbal Formula, Longyin Decoction, on Carbon-Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury in Chickens." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/392743.

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The objective of this study is to establish poultry liver injury model induced by (CCl4) and seek effective hepatoprotective herbals for clinical application. Different doses of CCl4dissolved in vegetable oil (1 : 1,V/V) were injected via pectoral muscle to induce acute liver injury model in chickens. An herbal formula, Longyin decoction, was prepared for hepatoprotection test on chicken acute liver injury models. The pathologic changes of the liver were observed, and the activities of ALT and AST were, respectively, detected to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of Longyin decoction on chickens. The chicken acute liver injury model was successfully established by injecting CCl4via pectoral muscle. The best dose of CCl4inducing chicken liver injury was 4.0 mL/kg·BW (body weight). The results of qualitative determination by HPTLC showed that the components of Longyin decoction containedGentian, Capillaries, Gardenia,andBupleurum root. In the high-dose Longyin group and the middle-dose Longyin group, the pathological changes of the damaged liver were mitigated and the activities of ALT and AST in serum were reduced significantly. Longyin decoction has obvious hepatoprotective effect on acute liver injury induced by CCl4.

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Kumar, S., and Abhay Pandey. "Free Radicals: Health Implications and their Mitigation by Herbals." British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research 7, no. 6 (January 10, 2015): 438–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bjmmr/2015/16284.

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Cho, Il-Je, Sung-Eon Kim, Beom-Rak Choi, Hye-Rim Park, Jeong-Eun Park, Seong-Hwa Hong, Young-Sam Kwon, Won-Seok Oh, and Sae-Kwang Ku. "Lemon Balm and Corn Silk Extracts Mitigate High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice." Antioxidants 10, no. 12 (December 19, 2021): 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10122015.

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Lemon balm and corn silk are valuable medicinal herbs, which exhibit variety of beneficial effects for human health. The present study explored the anti-obesity effects of a mixture of lemon balm and corn silk extracts (M-LB/CS) by comparison with the effects of single herbal extracts in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mice. HFD supplementation for 84 days increased the body weight, the fat mass density, the mean diameter of adipocytes, and the thickness of fat pads. However, oral administration of M-LB/CS significantly alleviated the HFD-mediated weight gain and adipocyte hypertrophy without affecting food consumption. Of the various combination ratios of M-LB/CS tested, the magnitude of the decreases in weight gain and adipocyte hypertrophy by administration of 1:1, 1:2, 2:1, and 4:1 (w/w) M-LB/CS was more potent than that by single herbal extracts alone. In addition, M-LB/CS reduced the HFD-mediated increases in serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein, prevented the reduction in serum high-density lipoprotein, and facilitated fecal excretion of cholesterol and triglyceride. Moreover, M-LB/CS mitigated the abnormal changes in specific mRNAs associated with lipogenesis and lipolysis in the adipose tissue. Furthermore, M-LB/CS reduced lipid peroxidation by inhibiting the HFD-mediated reduction in glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. Therefore, M-LB/CS is a promising herbal mixture for preventing obesity.

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Jegal, Kyung Hwan, Jiwon Yoon, Sanghyun Kim, Soobin Jang, Young-Hee Jin, Jun-Hwan Lee, Sun-Mi Choi, Tae Hun Kim, and Sunoh Kwon. "Herbal Medicines for Post-Acute Sequelae (Fatigue or Cognitive Dysfunction) of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Phase 2 Pilot Clinical Study Protocol." Healthcare 10, no. 10 (September 22, 2022): 1839. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101839.

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Long-term sequelae refer to persistent symptoms or signs for >6 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The most common symptoms of sequelae are fatigue and neuropsychiatric symptoms (concentration difficulty, amnesia, cognitive dysfunction, anxiety, and depression). However, approved treatments have not been fully established. Herbal medicines are administered for 12 weeks to patients who continuously complain of fatigue or cognitive dysfunction for >4 weeks that only occurred after COVID-19 diagnoses. Based on the Korean Medicine syndrome differentiation diagnosis, patients with fatigue will be administered Bojungikgi-tang or Kyungok-go, whereas those with cognitive dysfunction will be administered Cheonwangbosim-dan. Results could support evidence that herbal medicines may mitigate fatigue and cognitive dysfunction caused by COVID-19. Furthermore, by investigating the effects of herbal medicines on changes in metabolite and immune response due to COVID-19, which may be responsible for sequelae, the potential of herbal medicines as one of the therapeutic interventions for post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection can be evaluated. Therefore, the effects of herbal medicine on fatigue and cognitive dysfunction sequelae due to COVID-19 will be elucidated in this study to provide an insight into the preparation of medical management for the post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Wang, Songsong, Xiao Xiao, Ao Li, and Peng Li. "The Herbal Constituents in An-Gong-Niu-Huang Wan (AGNH) Protect against Cinnabar- and Realgar-Induced Hepatorenal Toxicity and Accumulations of Mercury and Arsenic in Mice." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (April 1, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5566078.

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An-Gong-Niu-Huang Wan (AGNH) has been a well-known cinnabar- and realgar-containing compound recipe for cerebral diseases. Unfortunately, its clinical practice is often restrained by the specific hepatorenal toxicity of cinnabar and realgar (C + R). In previous research studies, we have found that the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of its herbal constituents could mitigate the risks from the toxicity. The underlying detoxification mechanisms are still unsolved. The present study investigated the protective effects of AGNH’s herbal constituents on hepatorenal injury induced by C + R. For the mice treated with C + R, the increased expression levels of sensitive biomarkers of metal exposure and hepatorenal toxicity, including metallothionein (MT) in both hepatorenal tissues and kidney induced molecule-1 (KIM-1) in the kidney, were simultaneously reduced when C + R coadministered with other herbal medicines. In addition, the contents of trivalent As (AsIII), pentavalent As (Asv), and mercury (Hg) in hepatorenal tissues of mice were also significantly reduced benefiting from the herbal constituents in AGNH. Further mechanism studies showed that the herbal constituents in AGNH could downregulate the expressions of uptake transporters (AQP9 and OAT1) and upregulate the expressions of efflux transporters (P-gp, MRP2, and MRP4) in mice intoxicated by C + R. Our results suggested that AGNH’s herbal constituents protect the body against C + R-induced hepatorenal toxicity and accumulations of Hg and As, which could be associated with the reestablishment of heavy metal homeostasis and the detoxification system.

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T, Soruban, Visweswaran S, and Meenakumari R. "Comparative study on qualitative and quantitative analysis of Inji Charu (Ginger Juice) and Inji Surasam (Ginger Decantent) prepared as per The Siddha literature." International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine 13, no. 1 (April 5, 2022): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v13i1.2342.

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Therapeutic aspects of Siddha consist of herbal or poly herbal, mineral, metal and animal products which given specific vehicle. Some of the herbal drugs which are used as vehicle may be processed before administration. Among these the Inji Charu (Ginger Juice) (Zinger officinale Roscoe) is commonly used as Anupanam (vehicle). Inji Charu has more volatile oils which produce pungent effect, so the process of Inji surasam (Ginger Decantent) will reduce the concentration of volatile oils and mitigate the pungent effect. Objective of the study is comparing the chemical constitution of Inji surasam and Inji Charu was analyzed by HPTLC and FTIR. The study result, Concentration of the major chemical compounds was quality wise same and quantity wise differ in both sample found. Alkyl aryl ether, Anhydride functional group were only present in Inji charu and Alkyne Nitro, Sulfonate, Sulfonic Acid, Sulfoxide, Sulfonamide functional group were only present in Inji Surasam.

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Russo, Rosario, Giuseppina Autore, and Lorella Severino. "Pharmaco-Toxicological Aspects of Herbal Drugs Used in Domestic Animals." Natural Product Communications 4, no. 12 (December 2009): 1934578X0900401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0900401230.

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Herbal drugs are more and more used both in human and veterinary medicine to mitigate and prevent minor diseases and to support conventional medicine using allopathic drugs. Nevertheless, ‘natural product’ does not mean lack of adverse effects, and many people and veterinarians do not know enough about the adverse reactions that can occur following the administration of such drugs in domestic animals. Moreover, herbal products can interact with each other when administered concomitantly or can agonize or antagonize the effects of synthetic drugs administered as primary therapy. The use of non-conventional medicines (NCM) should be considered as a veterinary practise. In this paper, the herbal drugs most utilized in domestic animals, both pets and large animals, are reviewed, as their use is increasing, despite the prejudices of the academic world and some of the adverse effects and interactions that can occur in domestic animals.

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Gharabagy, Parvin Mostafa, Poone Zamany, Abbas Delazar, Morteza Ghojazadeh, and Mohamad Goldust. "Efficacy of Eremostachys laciniata Herbal Extract on Mitigation of Pain after Hysterectomy Surgery." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 16, no. 17 (August 15, 2013): 891–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2013.891.894.

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Song, Da, Gyeong-Ji Kim, Kwon Lee, Jae Shin, Dong-Hee Kim, Byung-Jun Park, and Jeung An. "Mitigation Effects of a Novel Herbal Medicine, Hepad, on Neuroinflammation, Neuroapoptosis, and Neuro-Oxidation." Molecules 23, no. 11 (November 8, 2018): 2920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112920.

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Parkinson’s disease (PD), a common adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder with complex pathological mechanisms, is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons. The present study demonstrated that the herbal medicines Hepad 1 and 2 protected against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity in C57BL/6 mice and SH-SY5Y cells. Hepad 1 and 2 remarkably alleviated the enhanced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, macrophage-1, and phosphorylated iκB-α) and apoptotic signals (Bcl-2-associated X protein, caspase-3, and poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase-1). Additionally, Hepad reduced MPTP-induced oxidative damage by increasing the expression of anti-oxidant defense enzymes (superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase) and downregulating the levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4. This study also showed that the neuroprotective effects of Hepad include anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-oxidative properties, in addition to activation of the protein kinase B, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathways. Furthermore, oral administration of Hepad 1 and 2 attenuated the death of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive substantia nigra neurons that was induced by 20 mg/kg MPTP. Therefore, our results suggest that Hepad 1 and 2 are useful for treating PD and other disorders associated with neuro-inflammatory, neuro-apoptotic, and neuro-oxidative damage.

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Marzvanyan, Anna, Vicky Chen, Boshi Zhang, and Greg Asatrian. "Herbal Medicine in the Mitigation of Reactive Oxygen Species, Autophagy, and Cancer: A Review." Critical Reviews™ in Oncogenesis 23, no. 5-6 (2018): 333–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/critrevoncog.2018027408.

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Darbar, Soumendra, Srimoyee Saha, and Atiskumar Chattopadhyay. "Ethanol intoxicated renal oxidative stress mitigated by poly-herbal formulation-Trasinareg; in murine model." International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/27067009.2021.v3.i1a.24.

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Bhardwaj Shukla, Ritwiz, N. Ganesh, and M. L. Kori. "Cytoprotection Alternatives for Cancer Treatment: In-vitro Evaluation of Alpinia Zerumbet as a Radioprotective Agent." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 4-s (August 15, 2019): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i4-s.3268.

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Cancer radiotherapy and modern synthetic medicine are critical for the treatment of cancer patients, but on the other hand they may have tremendous harmful side effect from the point of view of a weakened immune system. The focus of current research efforts in the industry and academia is not only to find affordable treatment methodologies but also to discover sources that mitigates or prevents the negative impact of these treatments on the patient’s immune system. This review will provide details of optimal methodology involving Invitro application of techniques such as phytochemical analysis, thin layer chromatography, cytogenetic analysis that were adopted to assess the efficacy of Alpinia Zerumbet extracts as a radioprotector. These methodologies provide a holistic evaluation technique for assessing any potential cytoprotective agent, especially if it’s from the herbal domain. As a case study, analytical and inferential results summary of the research conducted to assess radioprotective property of Alpinia Zerumbet, a herbal and readily available derivative, will be presented. The key findings from the research indicate that the Alpinia Zerumbet extract has potential to be an effective radioprotector, with minimal side effects as compared to synthetic chemical cytoprotective agents. Keywords: Radioprotection; cancer; herbal; Alpinia Zerumbet

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Shokryazdan, Parisa, Mohammad Faseleh Jahromi, Salwani MD Saadand, Mahdi Ebrahimi, Zulkifli Idrus, Hailong Zhou, Xiao Ping Diao, and Juan Boo Liang. "Chinese Herbal Medicines as Potential Agents for Alleviation of Heat Stress in Poultry." Scientifica 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8208261.

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Heat stress negatively affects the productivity of chickens in commercial poultry farms in humid tropics. In this study, the concentrations and types of the antioxidant compounds of eight Chinese herbal medicines, which have previously demonstrated promising effects on suppressing heat stress as a mixture, were investigated using reversed-phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography, spectrophotometry, Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry, and Gas-Liquid Chromatography. Our results provided the levels of phenolic compounds, total amounts of sugars, and total unsaturated fatty acids in the herbal extracts. Apart from the detection and quantification of the active ingredients of herbs that have the potential to mitigate heat stress in poultry, results of this study also provide useful data for developing an efficient and accurate formulation of the herbs’ mixtures in order to induce positive effects against heat stress in in vivo studies.

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Ibáñez, Blanca, Ana Melero, Alegría Montoro, Juan F. Merino-Torres, Jose M. Soriano, and Nadia San Onofre. "A Narrative Review of the Herbal Preparation of Ayurvedic, Traditional Chinese, and Kampō Medicines Applied as Radioprotectors." Antioxidants 12, no. 7 (July 17, 2023): 1437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12071437.

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In recent years, there has been growing scientific interest in the search for natural radioprotectors that can be used to mitigate the effects of radiation on patients, healthcare personnel, and even for space travel. This narrative review covers the past fifty years and focuses on herbal preparations of Ayurvedic, Traditional Chinese, and Kampō Medicines that have the potential to reduce or eliminate the harmful effects of radiation. Our findings highlight ten herbal preparations, namely Abana, Amalakyadi Churna, Amritaprasham, Brahma, Bu-zhong-yi-qi-tang (BZYQT), Chyavanaprasha, Cystone, Geriforte, Mentat, and Triphala, which have demonstrated potential radioprotective effects. This review examines their composition, properties, and possible mechanisms of action in relation to their radioprotective properties. Exploring the ethnobotany of traditional Asian medicine is particularly interesting as it may lead to the discovery of new active compounds with radioprotective properties.

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Murunikkara, Vachana, and Mahaboob K. Rasool. "Trikatu, a herbal compound mitigates the biochemical and immunological complications in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats." International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases 20, no. 3 (December 26, 2014): 298–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1756-185x.12535.

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Kujur, Anju, N. Srivastava, Nancy Jasrotia, and Arunpandian J. "The Role of Medicinal Plants in Domestic Animals and Estrus Induction with Particular Reference to Aegle marmelos and Murraya Koenigii." Animal Reproduction Update 2, no. 1 (March 13, 2022): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/aru.2022.2102.

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Due to malnutrition and inadequate management practices, anestrus is frequently observed in domestic animal species, particularly in rural areas. This financially crippling condition in affected animals can be mitigated using available therapeutic measures. The primary challenges with employing hormones or other medicaments for animal reproductive management are the massive price, lack of rapid assay resources, barely commercially accessible and the requirement for veterinarian care. Therefore, herbal medicines are a good alternative since they are cheap, effective, and socially acceptable and they are often the only option with little side effects. Herbal combinations can have significant beneficial effects due to the synergistic or cumulative effects of their active principles. Plants have a wide spectrum of beneficial effects in their natural state and have immense potential as a source of new medications. Traditional remedies Murraya koenigii (curry leaves) and Aegle marmelos (bael) have been shown to boost reproductive performance in lab rats, anoestrus caprine and bovines.

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Jaiswal, Archana, Manisha Goyal, Govind Sahay Shukl, and Rajaram Agarwal. "HYPOTHETICAL APPROACH ON EXTRACTION PROCESSES IN AYURVEDA: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW." International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 11, no. 5 (October 30, 2020): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.1105166.

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Extraction is the first and foremost step towards the preparation of any herbal formulation and plant-based medicines are being used from the Stone Age to date for alleviation and mitigation from various ailments. In Ayurvedic therapeutics under the roof of Bhaishajya Kalpana extraction techniques have been employed since time immemorial. In the present scenario Extraction of herbal drugs is recognized by modern science due to its huge therapeutic utility in a number of disorders and the field of cosmetics and so many techniques have been invented and developed to separate extracts from plant materials. In Ayurveda, various Kalpanas were offered by our acharyas to extract out the active principle of herbs or plant materials in the form of medicines e.g. kwatha, hima, Phanta, ksheera paka, Sandhana, and Sneha Kalpana, etc. The present paper aims to highlight the significance of ancient extraction techniques so that the basic concept behind these formulations is understood, explaining their possible correlations with modern pharmaceutics alongside.

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Elizabeth, Kyazike. "Exploring the preference for indigenous medicinal plant medicine in Buliisa District, Western Uganda." Inkanyiso 13, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ink.v13i1.14.

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This paper explores the preference for indigenous medicinal plant medicine in Buliisa district, situated in the Albertine Graben. Despite attempts to improve access to conventional health services, there seems to be a preference for alternative medicine from medicinal plants. The specific objectives included examining the forms of indigenous herbal medicine, how they are administered and passed on from generation to generation, preservation challenges and mitigation measures. The study utilises a multidisciplinary approach by using archaeological transect walks, oral interviews with 50 herbalists, observation of the administration of herbal medicine, focus group discussions, and documentary review to collect data. Four hundred and seventy-seven medicinal plant sites were marked using a hand-held Global Positioning System at 80 locations. The results revealed that all plant parts are used for treatment as either independent parts or combined and often with other plant types. The most commonly used medicinal plant parts are the leaves. Buliisa medicinal plants cure various diseases, but the most common ones are sterility, sexually transmitted infections, high blood pressure, back pain, eye diseases, external body injuries, poisoning, and nose bleeding. In addition, treatment for aspects such as luck and spiritually related ailments are also handled. Though the harvesting poses a key conservation challenge, the secrecy embedded in the transmission of indigenous knowledge, education, Christianity and oil exploration is each equally a threat. The study recommends that since most herbal medicines have no overdose, there is a need to undertake more research to document the dosage and side-effects of using medicinal plants and compile a red list of the endangered species. The study has implications for the knowledge and development of herbal indigenous medicinal plants.

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Sidhu, Prabhjot Kaur, and Anant Simran Singh. "Effect of Tannin Containing Herbal Feed Additives on Ruminal Nutrient Utilization and Methane Mitigation – A Review." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 8, no. 12 (December 10, 2019): 2792–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.812.327.

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Mamun, M. Al, MRA Redoy, AAS Shuvo, MA Rahman, MA Alam, MJ Khan, and AKMA Kabir. "Dietary supplementation of medicinal herbs with total mixed ration to mitigate enteric methane emission in sheep." Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science 50, no. 1 (September 8, 2021): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v50i1.55566.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of pineapple wastes (Ananas comosus), garlic leaves (Allium sativum), moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera) and their combination on growth, plasma metabolites, meat characteristics and enteric methane emission in sheep. A total of 15 sheep (initial BW: 8.3±0.2 kg; age: ~ 1 year; non-descript indigenous to Bangladesh) were randomly assigned to one of five dietary treatments with three sheep per treatment in a completely randomized design. Dietary treatments were: (1) CL-diet: a total mixed ration (TMR) pellet based on roadside grass and concentrates with a CP–16.72% and ME–10.7 MJ/kg; (2) PW-diet: CL-diet + 10g DM of pineapple waste (peels, cores, tops, and leaves)/day; (3) GL-diet: CL-diet + 10g DM of garlic leaves/day; (4) ML-diet: CL-diet + 10g DM of moringa leaves /day; (5) HM-diet: CL-diet + 10g DM of herbal mixture (3g pineapples wastes + 3g garlic leaves + 4g moringa leaves)/day. Weekly live weight gain and plasma metabolites did not show any significant variation among the treatments. Compared to the CL-diet group, the herbal supplemented group had 18–34% lower abdominal fat content, and the lowest value was found in the GL-diet group. Furthermore, the methane emission (g/day/sheep) was reduced by 5–13% in herb supplemented groups compared to the CL-diet group. Additionally, the lamb fed GL-diet emitted the lowest enteric methane (21.26 vs 24.07 g/kg DMI) compared to other experimental groups. Overall, garlic and moringa leaves could be added to TMR to minimize fat accumulation and enteric methane emission from sheep. Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2021. 50 (1):28-35

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Manthey, Jakob, Jens Kalke, Jürgen Rehm, Moritz Rosenkranz, and Uwe Verthein. "Controlled administration of cannabis to mitigate cannabis-attributable harm among recreational users: a quasi-experimental study in Germany." F1000Research 9 (March 23, 2020): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.22612.1.

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Background: New approaches are required to slow down or reverse increasing trends of levels of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabis-attributable hospitalizations in Germany. Legal access to cannabis may constitute one viable effective policy response; however, available evidence does not suffice to inform a regulation model for Germany. The proposed study aims to reduce harm for cannabis users through legal access to herbal cannabis through pharmacies. Protocol: A quasi-experimental study comparing cannabis users with legal access to herbal cannabis (Berlin, intervention group) to those without legal access (Hamburg, control group) (total N=698). As the primary outcome, we hypothesize that: 1) illegal THC consumption will reduce by at least 50% in the intervention group and 2) total THC exposure in the intervention group will be reduced by at least 10% lower than that of the control group, taking into account baseline values. Secondary outcomes comprise measures of frequency of use, THC-impaired driving, and mode of administration. Paired t-tests and multilevel regression models will be performed for statistical analyses. Discussion: This study proposal is currently being reviewed by the ‘Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices’ – the body responsible for approving research studies on classified substances, including cannabis. Upon approval and prior to the start of the study, a full ethical review will be undertaken. Results may inform a regulation model for Germany and other jurisdictions and are expected to deepen the understanding of the effects of legal access to cannabis. Pre-registration: German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS), DRKS00020829

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Manthey, Jakob, Jens Kalke, Jürgen Rehm, Moritz Rosenkranz, and Uwe Verthein. "Controlled administration of cannabis to mitigate cannabis-attributable harm among recreational users: a quasi-experimental study in Germany." F1000Research 9 (October 6, 2020): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.22612.2.

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Background: New approaches are required to slow down or reverse increasing trends of levels of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabis-attributable hospitalizations in Germany. Legal access to cannabis may constitute one viable effective policy response; however, available evidence does not suffice to inform a regulation model for Germany. The proposed study aims to reduce harm for cannabis users through legal access to herbal cannabis through pharmacies. Protocol: A quasi-experimental study comparing cannabis users with legal access to herbal cannabis (Berlin, intervention group) to those without legal access (Hamburg, control group) (total N=698). As the primary outcome, we hypothesize that: 1) illegal THC consumption will reduce by at least 50% in the intervention group and 2) total THC exposure in the intervention group will be reduced by at least 10% lower than that of the control group, taking into account baseline values. Secondary outcomes comprise measures of frequency of use, THC-impaired driving, and mode of administration. Paired t-tests and multilevel regression models will be performed for statistical analyses. Discussion: This study proposal is currently being reviewed by the ‘Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices’ – the body responsible for approving research studies on classified substances, including cannabis. Upon approval and prior to the start of the study, a full ethical review will be undertaken. Results may inform a regulation model for Germany and other jurisdictions and are expected to deepen the understanding of the effects of legal access to cannabis. Pre-registration: German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS), DRKS00020829

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Kesanakurti, Prasad, Subramanyam Ragupathy, Adam C. Faller, Dhivya Shanmughanandhan, Francesco Buongiorno, Isabella Della Noce, Zhengfei Lu, Yanjun Zhang, and Steven G. Newmaster. "Development of Hydrolysis Probe-Based qPCR Assays for Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius for Detection of Adulteration in Ginseng Herbal Products." Foods 10, no. 11 (November 5, 2021): 2705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10112705.

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Authentication of Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius products is important to be able to mitigate instances of adulteration and substitution that exist within the international supply chain of ginseng. To address this issue, species-specific hydrolysis probe qPCR assays were developed and validated for both P. ginseng and P. quinquefolius herbal dietary supplements. Performance of the probe-based assays was evaluated using analytical validation criteria, which included evaluation of: (1) specificity, in selectively identifying the target species; (2) sensitivity, in detecting the lowest amount of the target material; and (3) repeatability and reproducibility of the method in detecting the target species in raw materials on a real-time PCR platform (reliability). The species-specific probes were developed and successfully passed the validation criteria with 100% specificity, 80–120% efficiency and 100% reliability. The methods developed in this study are fit for purpose, rapid, and easy to implement in quality assurance programs; authentication of ginseng herbal supplements is possible, even with extracts where DNA is fragmented and of low quality and quantity.

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WADHWA, Manju, Prabh Kaur SIDHU, and Mohinder Pal Singh BAKSHI. "Herbal feed additives containing tannins: impact on in vitro fermentation and methane mitigation from total mixed ration." TURKISH JOURNAL OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES 44, no. 1 (February 10, 2020): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/vet-1807-55.

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Shah, Yamini, and Kavish Shah. "Anti-viral herbal phytoconstituents of tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) against Covid-19." IP International Journal of Comprehensive and Advanced Pharmacology 7, no. 2 (May 15, 2022): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcaap.2022.014.

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A novel corona virus originated from Wuhan, China in 2019. Millions of people were affected due to this virus outbreak and quarantined for almost 2 years resulting in great loss in millions of lives in the world. This also resulted in a great impact in economy and health sector globally. After the outbreak the development of cure against SARS-CoV-2 is in full motion, less efforts have been spent on the prevention of rapidly spreading respiratory infectious agents. At present there is no effective treatment that could mitigate SARS-CoV-2. Available clinical intervention for covid-19 is only limited to support. Due to dreadful situation caused by COVID-19, there is an immediate need to discover potent therapeutic agents and targeted deliveries which can inhibit COVID-19 entry, progression and spread in human beings. Comprehensive understanding on the life cycle of SARS-CoV-2viruses and their interaction with hosts is important in the fight against these viruses. Thus, there is an urgent need for effective treatment. Intensive research on synthetic, semi synthetic, herbal, ayurvedic, siddha and unani drugs is necessary for this cause. In this review we focus on literature investigated on herbal drugs which might help in inhibition of COVID-19 via inhibition of angiotensinogen converting enzyme (ACE) and RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) through computational studies using AutoDockVina followed by their formulation development.

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Rizvi, Asfa, Bilal Ahmed, Mohammad Saghir Khan, Hossam S. El-Beltagi, Shahid Umar, and Jintae Lee. "Bioprospecting Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria for Enhancing the Biological Properties and Phytochemical Composition of Medicinally Important Crops." Molecules 27, no. 4 (February 19, 2022): 1407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27041407.

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Traditionally, medicinal plants have long been used as a natural therapy. Plant-derived extracts or phytochemicals have been exploited as food additives and for curing many health-related ailments. The secondary metabolites produced by many plants have become an integral part of human health and have strengthened the value of plant extracts as herbal medicines. To fulfil the demand of health care systems, food and pharmaceutical industries, interest in the cultivation of precious medicinal plants to harvest bio-active compounds has increased considerably worldwide. To achieve maximum biomass and yield, growers generally apply chemical fertilizers which have detrimental impacts on the growth, development and phytoconstituents of such therapeutically important plants. Application of beneficial rhizosphere microbiota is an alternative strategy to enhance the production of valuable medicinal plants under both conventional and stressed conditions due to its low cost, environmentally friendly behaviour and non-destructive impact on fertility of soil, plants and human health. The microbiological approach improves plant growth by various direct and indirect mechanisms involving the abatement of various abiotic stresses. Given the negative impacts of fertilizers and multiple benefits of microbiological resources, the role of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in the production of biomass and their impact on the quality of bio-active compounds (phytochemicals) and mitigation of abiotic stress to herbal plants have been described in this review. The PGPR based enhancement in the herbal products has potential for use as a low cost phytomedicine which can be used to improve health care systems.

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Moreira, Laís de Souza Gouveia, Isabela de Souza da Costa Brum, Drielly C. M. de Vargas Reis, Liana Trugilho, Tuany R. Chermut, Marta Esgalhado, Ludmila F. M. F. Cardozo, Peter Stenvinkel, Paul G. Shiels, and Denise Mafra. "Cinnamon: an aromatic condiment applicable to chronic kidney disease." Kidney Research and Clinical Practice 42, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 4–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.23876/j.krcp.22.111.

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Cinnamon, a member of the Lauraceae family, has been widely used as a spice and traditional herbal medicine for centuries and hasshown beneficial effects in cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes. However, its effectiveness as a therapeutic intervention forchronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unproven. The bioactive compounds within cinnamon, such as cinnamaldehyde, cinnamicacid, and cinnamate, can mitigate oxidative stress, inflammation, hyperglycemia, gut dysbiosis, and dyslipidemia, which are commoncomplications in patients with CKD. In this narrative review, we assess the mechanisms by which cinnamon may alleviate complicationsobserved in CKD and the possible role of this spice as an additional nutritional strategy for this patient group.

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Mao, Xin, Ronghua Zhao, Rongmei Yao, Shanshan Guo, Lei Bao, Yingjie Gao, Jing Sun, Yanyan Bao, Yujing Shi, and Xiaolan Cui. "Chinese Herbal Formula Feilin Vaginal Gel Prevents the Cervicitis in Mouse Model." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2019 (January 10, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4168126.

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Cervicitis is a common sexually transmitted disease. In recent years, the abuse of antibiotic in the treatment of cervicitis results in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria; alternative strategies are needed to be developed. In this research, we investigated the effects of Feilin Vaginal Gel (FVG), a Chinese herbal formula, on the treatment of cervicitis. Two cervicitis models were optimized using BALB/c mouse; one in vitro model was established in HeLa cells. In Chlamydia trachomatis-induced cervicitis model, the high level of bacterial loads, the inflammation in tissue, and the cytokines in serum could be observed. With the administration of FVG, the bacterial loads in cervical mucus and cervix tissue could be significantly inhibited in dose-dependent manners. The pathological injury of cervix and vagina, as well as the levels of IL-2, IL-17, and MCP-1 in serum, could be mitigated by FVG. FVG reduced the number of inclusion induced by C. trachomatis in HeLa cells. In addition, the histological damage in Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus-induced cervicitis model could be reduced by FVG. These results suggest that FVG is capable of treating cervicitis through the inhibition of pathogens and the regulation of host immune responses. FVG may contribute as an alternative agent for the treatment of cervicitis.

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Xun, Changqing, Nanying Shen, Bangliang Li, Yonghua Zhang, Frank Wang, Yingxin Yang, Xin Shi, Kim Schafermyer, Stephen A. Brown, and John S. Thompson. "Radiation mitigation effect of cultured mushroom fungusHirsutella Sinensis(CorImmune) isolated from a Chinese/Tibetan herbal preparation –Cordyceps Sinensis." International Journal of Radiation Biology 84, no. 2 (January 2008): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09553000701797070.

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Ampofo, Elikplim Kwesi, Isaac Kingsley Amponsah, Evelyn Asante-Kwatia, Francis Ackah Armah, Philip Kobla Atchoglo, and Abraham Yeboah Mensah. "Indigenous Medicinal Plants as Biofilm Inhibitors for the Mitigation of Antimicrobial Resistance." Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2020 (October 23, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8821905.

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The majority of indigenes in the rural areas of Ghana use herbal medicines for their primary health care. In this study, an ethnobotanical survey was undertaken to document medicinal plants used by traditional healers in the Ejisu-Juaben district in the Ashanti region of Ghana to treat infections and to further investigate the antibiofilm formation properties of selected plants in resisting pathogenic bacteria. Seventy medicinal plants used by traditional practitioners for the treatment of skin infections and wounds were documented from the ethnobotanical survey. Forty out of the seventy plants were collected and their methanol extracts evaluated for antimicrobial activity by the agar diffusion assay. Extracts that showed antibacterial activity were tested for biofilm inhibitory activity, and the most active plant was subsequently purified to obtain the active constituents. Biofilm formation was significantly mitigated by petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of Holarrhena floribunda stem bark. Bioassay-guided fractionation of an alkaloidal extract prepared from the methanol fraction led to the isolation of three steroidal alkaloids, namely, holonamine, holadienine, and conessine. The isolated compounds demonstrated varying degrees of biofilm formation inhibitory properties. The current study reveals that screening of indigenous medicinal plants could unravel potential leads to salvage the declining efficacy of conventional antibiotics. Holarrhena floribunda stem bark extract has strong biofilm formation inhibition properties, which could be attributed to the presence of steroidal alkaloids.

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Fan, Min, Xiaoying Xu, Wenjun Lang, Wenjing Wang, Xinyu Wang, Angjun Xin, Fangmei Zhou, Zhishan Ding, Xiaoqing Ye, and Bingqi Zhu. "Toxicity, formation, contamination, determination and mitigation of acrylamide in thermally processed plant-based foods and herbal medicines: A review." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 260 (July 2023): 115059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115059.

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Mamo, Firew Tafesse, Birhan Addisie Abate, Yougquan Zheng, Chengrong Nie, Mingjun He, and Yang Liu. "Distribution of Aspergillus Fungi and Recent Aflatoxin Reports, Health Risks, and Advances in Developments of Biological Mitigation Strategies in China." Toxins 13, no. 10 (September 24, 2021): 678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13100678.

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Aflatoxins (AFs) are secondary metabolites that represent serious threats to human and animal health. They are mainly produced by strains of the saprophytic fungus Aspergillus flavus, which are abundantly distributed across agricultural commodities. AF contamination is receiving increasing attention by researchers, food producers, and policy makers in China, and several interesting review papers have been published, that mainly focused on occurrences of AFs in agricultural commodities in China. The goal of this review is to provide a wider scale and up-to-date overview of AF occurrences in different agricultural products and of the distribution of A. flavus across different food and feed categories and in Chinese traditional herbal medicines in China, for the period 2000–2020. We also highlight the health impacts of chronic dietary AF exposure, the recent advances in biological AF mitigation strategies in China, and recent Chinese AF standards.

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Tsai, Dong-Ming, Jaw-Jou Kang, Shoei-Sheng Lee, San-Yuan Wang, I.-Lin Tsai, Guan-Yuan Chen, Hsiao-Wei Liao, Li Wei-Chu, Ching-Hua Kuo, and Y. Jane Tseng. "Metabolomic Analysis of Complex Chinese Remedies: Examples of Induced Nephrotoxicity in the Mouse from a Series of Remedies Containing Aristolochic Acid." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/263757.

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Aristolochic acid nephropathy is caused by aristolochic acid (AA) and AA-containing herbs. In traditional Chinese medicine, a principle called “Jun-Chen-Zou-Shi” may be utilized to construct a remedial herbal formula that attempts to mitigate the toxicity of the main ingredient. This study usedBu-Fei-A-Jiao-Tang(BFAJT) to test if the compound remedy based on a principle of “Jun-Chen-Zou-Shi” can decrease the toxicity of AA-containing herbs. We compared the three toxicities of AA standard,Madouling(anAristolochiaherb), and a herbal formula BFAJT. AA standard was given for BALB/c mice at a dose of 5 mg/kg bw/day or 7.5 mg/kg bw/day for 10 days.Madoulingand BFAJT were given at an equivalence of AA 0.5 mg/kg bw/day for 21 days. Nephrotoxicity was evaluated by metabolomics and histopathology. The urinary metabolomics profiles were characterized by1H NMR spectroscopy. The spectral data was analyzed with partial least squares discriminant analysis, and the significant differential metabolites between groups were identified. The result showed different degrees of acute renal tubular injuries, and metabolomics analysis found that the kidney injuries were focused in proximal renal tubules. Both metabolomics and pathological studies revealed that AA standard,Madouling, and BFAJT were all nephrotoxicants. The compositions of the compound remedy did not diminish the nephrotoxicity caused by AA.

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Raj, Ranjan, and Ashna Kohli. "A Comprehensive Study on Anthemintic Activity of Some Herbal Plants and Its Essential Oil." Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 1, no. 5 (December 13, 2022): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.1.5.11.

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It is an interesting opportunity to repurpose the medication by using it in conjunction with other treatments that function in a variety of different ways in order to combat helminthic infections and the diseases they cause. In this article, we emphasised how the usage of antioxidants, either alone or in conjunction with anthelmintic drugs, might reduce the chance of developing infection-related malignancies as well as tissue damage and infection-related issues. As a result, antioxidants have the potential to be utilised as a supportive strategy throughout the treatment process in order to reduce the possibility of undesirable effects. This results in a more complex immune interplay that has not yet been investigated. Deworming and supplementing the diet with iron-rich nutrients have been suggested as treatments for patients with podoconiosis who live in resource-poor conditions. Additionally, it is believed that hookworm infection may aid to decrease inflammatory reactions. However, due to the unmistakable connection that exists between a non-infectious and an infectious disease, it is possible for a situation to arise in which the treatment of one disease condition during a co-infection either makes the other disease condition worse or is mitigated by the impairment brought on by the other disease condition. We provide more detail on the immunopathogenesis of podoconiosis and investigate the potential immunological dynamics of hookworm co-infection in the immunopathology of podoconiosis with the goal of better managing the disease and eventually eliminating it. This work is being done in the context of the immunopathology of podoconiosis.

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Takaku, Shun, Masumi Shimizu, and Rimpei Morita. "CD8+ T Cell-Mediated Therapeutic Antitumor Effect of an Herbal Mixture Containing Ganoderma lucidum." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2023 (April 28, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/9630816.

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Although Kampo—a traditional Japanese herbal medicine—contributes in the control of tumor growth in vivo in experimental animals, most of the antitumor effects are prophylactic and not therapeutic. In this study, we determined whether oral administration of an herbal mixture containing Ganoderma lucidum (WTMCGEP; Wisteria floribunda, Trapae fructus, Myristica fragrans, Coicis semen, Ganoderma lucidum, Elfvingia applanata, and Punica granatum), anecdotally used in Japan for the palliative care of patients with cancer, exhibits a therapeutic effect on tumor growth in vivo in a hypodermic murine CT26 colorectal tumor model. An in vitro tumor assay revealed that WTMCGEP extract has some direct influence over suppression of tumor growth. In wild-type BALB/c mice, WTMCGEP did not show any antitumor effect in vivo. However, in BALB-CD1d−/− mice with partly mitigated immunosuppression by reason of them being devoid of both antitumoral type I and immunosuppressive type II natural killer T (NKT) cells, WTMCGEP therapeutically suppressed tumor growth. CD8+ T cell depletion significantly accelerated tumor growth in WTMCGEP mice; therefore, its antitumor activity was primarily in a CD8+ T cell-dependent manner. Regarding immunosuppressive cells in tumor-bearing CD1d−/− mice, WTMCGEP did not influence the abundance of tumor-infiltrating CD4+ and Forkhead box protein 3+ regulatory T cells. However, it reduced both intratumoral and splenic Ly6G+ Ly6Clo polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells, which were most likely involved in tumor growth inhibition related to higher frequency of intratumoral CD107a+ CD8+ T cells in these mice. Overall, these data illustrate that the deficiency of NKT cells urges WTMCGEP to exert a therapeutic antitumor effect mainly through CD8+ T cells. Our efforts are the first to scientifically demonstrate the WTMCGEP’s contribution to tumor immunity.

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Fayiah, Moses, ShiKui Dong, Sphiwe Wezzie Khomera, Syed Aziz Ur Rehman, Mingyue Yang, and Jiannan Xiao. "Status and Challenges of Qinghai–Tibet Plateau’s Grasslands: An Analysis of Causes, Mitigation Measures, and Way Forward." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (February 4, 2020): 1099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12031099.

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Grassland ecosystems on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) provide numerous ecosystem services and functions to both local communities and the populations living downstream through the provision of water, habitat, food, herbal medicines, and shelter. This review examined the current ecological status, degradation causes, and impacts of the various grassland degradation mitigation measures employed and their effects on grassland health and growth in the QTP. Our findings revealed that QTP grasslands are continually being degraded as a result of complex biotic and abiotic drivers and processes. The biotic and abiotic actions have resulted in soil erosion, plant biomass loss, soil organic carbon loss, a reduction in grazing and carrying capacity, the emergence of pioneer plant species, loss of soil nutrients, and an increase in soil pH. A combination of factors such as overgrazing, land-use changes, invasive species encroachment, mining activities, rodent burrowing activities, road and dam constructions, tourism, migration, urbanization, and climate change have caused the degradation of grasslands on the QTP. A conceptual framework on the way forward in tackling grassland degradation on the QTP is presented together with other appropriate measures needed to amicably combat grassland degradation on the QTP. It is recommended that a comprehensive and detailed survey be carried out across the QTP to determine the percentage of degraded grasslands and hence, support a sound policy intervention.

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NWOZO, Sarah Onyenibe, Michael O. UKEJE, and Josiah Eseoghene IFIE. "The radio-protective effects of n-Hexane extracts of Telfairia occidentalis Hook. f. and Cucumeropsis mannii Naud. seed oils on the liver of irradiated male Wistar rats." Plant Science Today 7, no. 3 (July 19, 2020): 432–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.2020.7.3.805.

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The human population is predisposed to some considerable amounts of radiation especially ionizing radiation which may negatively impact their metabolic processes. Herbal extracts can mitigate these harmful effects. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the protective effect of n-Hexane extracts of Telfairia occidentalis and Cucumeropsis mannii seeds oils against radiation-mediated oxidative stress in Wistar rats. Sixty male rats were randomly distributed into six groups of six animals each and n-hexane extracts of T. occidentalis and C. mannii were administered at a dose of 2.4 or 4.8 mg/kg b. wt., orally for 7 days before irradiation and 10 days after irradiation, when they were sacrificed. Lipid peroxidation was measured, hepatic antioxidant status; SOD, CAT, GSH, Gpx and GST were estimated. The activities of liver enzymes: ALT, AST and ALP were measured and histological examination of sections of the liver was carried out. Radiation significantly increased MDA levels, SOD, GPx, AST, ALT and ALP activities but reduced body weights, total proteins, CAT, GSH and GST activities. Administration of the extracts significantly reduces the levels of MDA, SOD, GPx, ALT, AST and ALP activities while they increase the activities of CAT, GSH and GST at a dosage of 4.8 mg/kg. Histological examination showed increased levels of toxicity in radiated and groups administered 2.4 mg/kg extracts. From these findings, extracts of T. occidentalis and C. mannii at 4.8 mg/kg b. wt are effective herbal remedies in the prevention and amelioration of the consequences of oxidative stress due to exposure to ionizing radiation.

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Qian, Yue, Jiazhen Yin, Juemin Ni, Xiaona Chen, and Yan Shen. "A Network Pharmacology Method Combined with Molecular Docking Verification to Explore the Therapeutic Mechanisms Underlying Simiao Pill Herbal Medicine against Hyperuricemia." BioMed Research International 2023 (February 9, 2023): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/2507683.

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Objective. Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a common metabolic disease caused by disordered purine metabolism. We aim to reveal the mechanisms underlying the anti-HUA function of Simiao pill and provide therapeutic targets. Methods. Simiao pill-related targets were obtained using Herbal Ingredients’ Targets (HIT), Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP), and Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Database (TCMID). HUA-associated targets were retrieved from GeneCards, DisGeNET, and Therapeutic Targets Database (TTD). Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) database, ggraph and igraph R packages. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed using ClusterProfiler. The top 10 core targets were identified through cytoHubba. Molecular docking was conducted using PyMOL and AutoDock high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) analysis was performed to identify effective compounds of Simiao pill. Results. Simiao pill-HUA target network contained 80 targets. The key targets were mainly involved in inflammatory responses. Insulin (INS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-6 (IL6), interleukin 1 beta (IL1B), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), leptin (LEP), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), interleukin-10 (IL10), and toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) were the top 10 targets in the PPI network. GO analysis demonstrated the main implication of the targets in molecular responses, production, and metabolism. KEGG analysis revealed that Simiao pill might mitigate HUA through advanced glycation end-product- (AGE-) receptor for AGE- (RAGE-) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1- (HIF-1-) associated pathways. IL1B, IL6, IL10, TLR4, and TNF were finally determined as the promising targets of Simiao pill treating HUA. Through molecular docking and HPLC analysis, luteolin, quercetin, rutaecarpine, baicalin, and atractylenolide I were the main active compounds. Conclusions. Simiao pill can mitigate HUA by restraining inflammation, mediating AGE-RAGE- and HIF-1-related pathways, and targeting IL1B, IL6, IL10, TLR4, and TNF.

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Wijeweera, Gayathri, Nalaka Wijekoon, Lakmal Gonawala, Yoonus Imran, Chandra Mohan, and K. Ranil D. De Silva. "Therapeutic Implications of Some Natural Products for Neuroimmune Diseases: A Narrative of Clinical Studies Review." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2023 (April 13, 2023): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/5583996.

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Neuroimmune diseases are a group of disorders that occur due to the dysregulation of both the nervous and immune systems, and these illnesses impact tens of millions of people worldwide. However, patients who suffer from these debilitating conditions have very few FDA-approved treatment options. Neuroimmune crosstalk is important for controlling the immune system both centrally and peripherally to maintain tissue homeostasis. This review aims to provide readers with information on how natural products modulate neuroimmune crosstalk and the therapeutic implications of natural products, including curcumin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), ginkgo special extract, ashwagandha, Centella asiatica, Bacopa monnieri, ginseng, and cannabis to mitigate the progression of neuroimmune diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, depression, and anxiety disorders. The majority of the natural products based clinical studies mentioned in this study have yielded positive results. To achieve the expected results from natural products based clinical studies, researchers should focus on enhancing bioavailability and determining the synergistic mechanisms of herbal compounds and extracts, which will lead to the discovery of more effective phytomedicines while averting the probable negative effects of natural product extracts. Therefore, future studies developing nutraceuticals to mitigate neuroimmune diseases that incorporate phytochemicals to produce synergistic effects must analyse efficacy, bioavailability, gut-brain axis function safety, chemical modifications, and encapsulation with nanoparticles.

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Huang, Shucheng, Luxi Lin, Shiqiong Wang, Wenli Ding, Chaodong Zhang, Aftab Shaukat, Bowen Xu, Ke Yue, Cai Zhang, and Fang Liu. "Total Flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae Mitigates Aflatoxin B1-Induced Liver Toxicity in Chickens via Microbiota-Gut-Liver Axis Interaction Mechanisms." Antioxidants 12, no. 4 (March 28, 2023): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12040819.

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Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a common mycotoxin that widely occurs in feed and has severe hepatotoxic effects both in humans and animals. Total flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynaria (TFRD), a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, have multiple biological activities and potential hepatoprotective activity. This study investigated the protective effects and potential mechanisms of TFRD against AFB1-induced liver injury. The results revealed that supplementation with TFRD markedly lessened broiler intestinal permeability by increasing the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins, as well as correcting the changes in gut microbiota and liver damage induced by AFB1. Metabolomics analysis revealed that the alterations in plasma metabolites, especially taurolithocholic acid, were significantly improved by TFRD treatment in AFB1-exposed chickens. In addition, these metabolites were closely associated with [Ruminococcus], ACC, and GPX1, indicating that AFB1 may cause liver injury by inducing bile acid metabolism involving the microbiota–gut–liver axis. We further found that TFRD treatment markedly suppressed oxidative stress and hepatic lipid deposition, increased plasma glutathione (GSH) concentrations, and reversed hepatic ferroptosis gene expression. Collectively, these findings indicate that ferroptosis might contribute to the hepatotoxicity of AFB1-exposed chickens through the microbiota–gut–liver axis interaction mechanisms; furthermore, TFRD was confirmed as an herbal extract that could potentially antagonize mycotoxins detrimental effects.

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Sharma, Arun Dev, and Inderjeet Kaur. "Chemical Profile and in-silico Docking Studies on Bioactives from Essential Oil of Cymbopogan pendulus Targeting Penicillin Binding Proteins (PBPs) in Bacteria." Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry 12, no. 1 (February 17, 2023): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.225-232.

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Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is the major concern worldwide. PBP (Penicillin binding proteins) have been cited as an appropriate target for therapeutic drug design. In the present study molecular docking followed by wet lab validation was designed to estimate the effect of potent bioactive molecules from Cymbopogan pendulus essential oil against PBP5 protein. GC-FID (gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection) based composition profile, and in-silico docking study was conducted by using CB-dock 2 analysis followed by 2D and 3D interactions. GC-FID revealed Limonene, Neral, Geranial, Linalool, Myrcene as major and minor compounds in Cymbopogan pendulus essential oil. The docking score indicated effective binding of ligands to PBP5. Interactions results indicated that, PBP5/ligand complexes form hydrogen and hydrophobic interactions. Wet lab study validated the anti-bacterial potential of oil against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, essential oil from Cymbopogan pendulus essential oil may represent potential herbal treatment to mitigate bacterial infections.

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Pak, Seongwon, Bikash Thapa, and Keunwook Lee. "Decursinol Angelate Mitigates Sepsis Induced by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection by Modulating the Inflammatory Responses of Macrophages." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 20 (October 11, 2021): 10950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222010950.

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The herbal plant Angelica gigas (A. gigas) has been used in traditional medicine in East Asian countries, and its chemical components are reported to have many pharmacological effects. In this study, we showed that a bioactive ingredient of A. gigas modulates the functional activity of macrophages and investigated its effect on inflammation using a sepsis model. Among 12 different compounds derived from A. gigas, decursinol angelate (DA) was identified as the most effective in suppressing the induction of TNF-α and IL-6 in murine macrophages. When mice were infected with a lethal dose of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), DA treatment improved the mortality and bacteremia, and attenuated the cytokine storm, which was associated with decreased CD38+ macrophage populations in the blood and liver. In vitro studies revealed that DA inhibited the functional activation of macrophages in the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in response to microbial infection, while promoting the bacterial killing ability with an increased production of reactive oxygen species. Mechanistically, DA treatment attenuated the NF-κB and Akt signaling pathways. Intriguingly, ectopic expression of an active mutant of IKK2 released the inhibition of TNF-α production by the DA treatment, whereas the inhibition of Akt resulted in enhanced ROS production. Taken together, our experimental evidence demonstrated that DA modulates the functional activities of pro-inflammatory macrophages and that DA could be a potential therapeutic agent in the management of sepsis.

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Pai, Fu-Tzu, Cheng-You Lu, Chia-Hsin Lin, John Wang, Ming-Cheng Huang, Chuan-Teng Liu, Ying-Chyi Song, Cheng-Lung Ku, and Hung-Rong Yen. "Psoralea corylifolia L. Ameliorates Collagen-Induced Arthritis by Reducing Proinflammatory Cytokines and Upregulating Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells." Life 11, no. 6 (June 21, 2021): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11060587.

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Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that may lead to severe complications. The fruit of Psoralea corylifolia L. (PCL) is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine as a well-known herbal treatment for orthopedic diseases. However, there is a lack of studies of its effects on rheumatoid arthritis. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of concentrated herbal granules of PCL on rheumatoid arthritis to provide some insights for future development of new drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: We used collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) DBA/1J mice as an experimental model to mimic human rheumatoid arthritis. The mice were immunized with collagen on days 0 and 21 and then orally administered 200 mg/kg/day PCL on days 22–49. Starch was used as a control. The mice were sacrificed on day 50. Clinical phenotypes, joint histopathology, and immunological profiles were measured. Results: Compared to the CIA or CIA + Starch group, the CIA + PCL group had significantly ameliorated clinical severity and decreased paw swelling. Histopathological analysis of the hind paws showed that PCL mitigated the erosion of cartilage and the proliferation of synovial tissues. There were significant differences in the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17A, as measured by ELISA, and the percentages of CD4 + IL-17A+, CD4 + TNF-α+, CD4 + IFN-γ+ T cells. Furthermore, we also found that in mice treated with CIA + PCL, the percentage and number of bone marrow-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs; Gr1+ CD11b+) increased significantly. Conclusions: We provided evidence for the potential antiarthritic effects of PCL through the inhibition of inflammation and increase of MDSCs. These findings indicate that PCL may be a promising therapeutic herb for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

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Cunningham, Patrice, Aman Sumal, Emma Patton, Henry Helms, Matthew T. Noneman, Gustavo Martinez-Muñiz, Jackie E. Bader, et al. "Ojeok-san ameliorates visceral and somatic nociception in a mouse model of colitis induced colorectal cancer." PLOS ONE 17, no. 6 (June 23, 2022): e0270338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270338.

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Cancer patients can develop visceral, somatic, and neuropathic pain, largely due to the malignancy itself and its treatments. Often cancer patients and survivors turn to the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) to alleviate pain and fatigue. Thus, it is necessary to investigate how CAM therapies work as novel analgesics to treat cancer pain. Ojeok-san (OJS) is an herbal formula consisting of seventeen herbs. This herbal formula has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, and analgesic properties. In this study, we examined the potential beneficial effects and mechanism of action of OJS in a preclinical model of colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Male and female C57BL/6J mice were exposed to the carcinogen, azoxymethane (AOM, 10 mg/kg) and a chemical inflammatory driver, dextran sulfate sodium (DSS1-2%), to promote tumorigenesis in the colorectum. OJS was given orally (500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg) to determine its influence on disease activity, tumor burden, nociception, sedation, Erk signaling, and behavioral and metabolic outcomes. In addition, in vitro studies were performed to assess CT-26 cell viability, dorsal root ganglia (DRG) activation, and bone-marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide stimulation after OJS treatment. We found that administration of 2000 mg/kg of OJS was able to mitigate mechanical somatic and visceral nociception via Erk signaling without affecting symptom score and polyp number. Moreover, we discovered that OJS has sedative properties and elicits prolonged total sleeping time in AOM/DSS mice. Our in vitro experiments showed that OJS has the capacity to reduce TNFα gene expression in LPS-stimulated BMDM, but no changes were observed in DRG spike number and CT-26 cell proliferation. Taken together, these data suggest that OJS ameliorates nociception in mice and warrants further examination as a potential CAM therapy to promote analgesia.

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Journal articles on the topic 'HERBAL MITIGATOR'

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