Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Herbal medicine'
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Jordaan, Jacques R. "Mabopane herbal centre : healing misconceptions of traditional herbal medicine." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/45289.
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Cheng, Chung Wah. "Chinese herbal medicine for functional constipation." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2009. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1090.
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Waddell, Guy. "The enchantment of Western Herbal Medicine." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2016. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/q02w3/the-enchantment-of-western-herbal-medicine.
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In the UK the profession of Western Herbal Medicine (WHM) has had to engage with politics and with science in order to survive. Social science work on WHM suggests that traditional knowledge is being overtaken by biomedical knowledge, with one paradigm replacing another, although collaboration with science is also seen as possible. Throughout this work the voices of herbalists themselves have rarely been presented. Drawing from a biographic narrative approach to interviewing, along with supporting ethnographic methods, thirteen cases of individual herbalists are presented here. Eight out of the thirteen cases reveal ‘visible entryways’ to becoming herbalists - beginnings that are congruent with WHM as an increasingly professionalized practice. However, five of these eight cases reveal some sort of ‘enchantment’ with plants or herbal medicines as being important for their practices. Enchantment is characterized as a sensual affective energy and is situated among debates, initiated by Max Weber, on the place of enchantment and disenchantment in the modern world. The five remaining cases reveal‘hidden entryways’, where there are sensual enchanted experiences of crossings between humans and plants on the road to becoming herbalists, often at a young age. Enchantment is also found later on in most of these narratives. The thirteen cases suggest that, rather than a paradigmatic takeover of WHM by science, there is an enchantment of some herbalists by plants and medicines that includes both scientific and traditional approaches to practice. It is argued that the meeting and crossing of herbalists with plants and medicines allows herbalists to draw easily from a diverse range of influences that others may see as incommensurable. Herbs, rather than concepts and theories are, for the most part, at the centre of WHM. The findings suggest that plants and herbal medicines may be seen as having more agency than has been previously considered. Drawing on a herbalist’s engagement with Ivan Illich it is asked whether herbs and herbalists may be seen as each other’s ‘convivial tools’. Beyond WHM, in the plant sciences, the agency of plants is being investigated in the controversial field of plant behaviour and plant neurobiology where the possibility of plant intelligence is raised. Within the social sciences, posthumanism and ontological turns also address the agency of the non-human, where plant agency is beginning to be considered. It is asked whether the profession of WHM in the UK should engage with these developments in the plant and social sciences in order to establish additional networks of support.
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Misner, Scottie. "Herbal Supplements." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146441.
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3 pp.The number and variety of available herbal medicines have exploded since the passage of the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994. This article provides information and practical tips that help in understand what?›????s available and help sort through the dizzying array of products.
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Au, Ching Tung Dawn. "Pharmacognostical studies on Hakka herbal medicine Wuzhimaotao." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2009. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/991.
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Teng, Lida. "Pharmacovigilance of traditional Chinese herbal medicine in the UK." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499080.
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Niemeyer, Kathryn Jean. "Personalizing Western Herbal Medicine: Weaving a Tapestry of Right Relationships, a Grounded Theory Study." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/293447.
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Western herbal medicine (WHM) is a whole system of medicine that is based on beliefs and practices that evolved distinct from conventional Western medicine. Practitioners of WHM use naturally-occurring crude plant materials, such as roots or flowers with little processing for persons with chronic disease. Herbal medicines are formulated and designed for each person's unique symptom variations, energetic profile, cause and supporting mechanisms of the health issue. This approach to herbal medicine is not explicated in the literature and contrasts the use of highly-processed herb products in a one-size-fits-all approach that fails to reflect WHM as a whole complex system. The purpose of this study was to develop a grounded theory explaining the basic social psychological process WHM practitioners use to formulate plant medicines for individuals. Data were collected from a theoretical sample of 17 North American WHM practitioners contributing a total of 39 interviews and analyzed using the constant comparison method. The process of Personalizing Western Herbal Medicine consists of five steps with a decision-making subprocess of five steps. The core concept of Weaving a Tapestry of Right Relationships explains what practitioners do when Personalizing Western Herbal Medicine. Right relationship is emergent coherence and accounts for wholeness as the relationship of the parts and weaves through connecting each step in Personalizing Western Herbal Medicine. Creating Concordance describes right relationship between the person and the herbal medicine. Concordance is achieved when an herbal medicine fits the whole person and there is a personal shift or restoration of dynamic equilibrium.
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Magora, Baboloki Helen. "Phytochemical and toxicological studies of some Botswanan plants used in traditional medicine." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2003. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21197.
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Traditional medicine is widely used in Botswana and in recent years a number of plant species have been submitted to the Botswana Police Forensic Science Laboratory by the Police as exhibits in cases of suspected poisoning by herbal medicine. The request would be for the forensic toxicologist to establish whether the plant material is toxic or not. In this study a selection of these plants are being investigated phytochemically and toxicologically. These include: Jatropha erythropoda Pax. (Euphorbiaceae), Cassia italica (E11.) Lam. Ex. (Leguminosae), Asclepiasfruticosa L. (Asclepiadaceae), Albizzia brevifolia Schinz (Leguminosae), Argemone mexicana L. (Papaveraceae) and Enicostemma axillare L. (Gentianaceae). A DNA-based test capable of identifying the species from powdered fragments of the plant material has also been developed in this project. Albizzia brevifolia, Enicostemma axillare and Jatropha erythropoda have not been investigated before; neither phytochemically nor toxicologically. Dichloromethane, methanol and water extracts of each of the plants were tested for cytotoxicity against a panel of four cell lines - three human and one murine cell line. While all extracts exhibited some degree of cytotoxicity, extracts from A. fruticosa were found to be the most toxic with LD50 values for the crude extracts of 1.3 -3.4. tg/ml. Phytochemical investigation of the extracts revealed the presence of a variety of secondary metabolites from the plants. A. brevifolia yielded terpenoids, phenolics, phenolic glycosides, a component of procyanidins, a lignan glycoside and sugars. E. axillare yielded terpenoids, a secoiridoid, and sugars, whereas A. mexicana yielded alkaloids. Investigation of C. italica and J. erythropoda revealed the presence of terpenoids, flavonoids, glycosides and sugars and that of A. fruticosa the presence of cardenolide glycosides. Among the compounds isolated and tested for toxicity, sanguinarine, an alkaloid from A. mexicana, was found to be the most toxic with an LD50 value of 0.22-1.4tg/ml1. The compound expresses toxicity by inhibiting Na/K ATPases and by intercalating with DNA bases and thus interfering with the replication process. Swertiamarin, the secoiridoid isolated from E. axillare, constituted about 10% of the dichloromethane extract of this plant, which showed significant toxicity. The plant also yielded swertiamarin as about 60% of the methanol extractive, which in contrast did not show any toxicity. Swertiamarin itself did not show toxicity at the levels tested, an indication that it is not responsible for the toxicity exhibited by the dichloromethane extract. However, secoirridoids such as swertiamarin might transform in vivo to toxic alkaloids. The phenolic compounds (and their glycosides), isolated from A. brevifolia, exhibited very weak or no toxicity, whereas the terpenoid, betulinic acid, showed some cytotoxicity. Another terpenoid, which was isolated from the plant, lupeol, is reported to be cytotoxic. The extracts of the plant showed significant toxicity, especially the methanol extract. The toxicity exhibited by betulinic acid could not account for the toxicity displayed by the extracts, particularly the methanol extract. This toxicity is perhaps due to other compound(s) that were not isolated or to synergistic activity. A DNA-based test has been developed for species identification using allele specific amplicons that show polymorphisms in the length of DNA sequences between two conserved primers. This is going to allow the species identification in cases where only small amounts of plant material are available, sometimes in mixture form. This will particularly be useful where there are no unique chemical markers to be used for identification. The test, is Polymerase Chain Reaction-based (PCR) and therefore very sensitive. Once the species is known more of it can be collected from the source or the wild to allow detailed toxicological and phytochemical work.
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Hsiao, I.-Hsuan. "Pharmaceutical patent jurisprudence and the modernization of Chinese herbal medicine." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515514.
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Lok, Lap-kwan Marco, and 陸立羣. "The effect of herbal medicine on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31970722.
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麥超常 and Chiu-sheung Simon Mak. "Efficacy of herbal medicine on neurodegenerative diseases: a systematic review." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40738905.
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Mak, Chiu-sheung Simon. "Efficacy of herbal medicine on neurodegenerative diseases a systematic review /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40738905.
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Lok, Lap-kwan Marco. "The effect of herbal medicine on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25101122.
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Flower, Andrew Mark. "The role of Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of endometriosis." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515863.
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Nolan, J. E. "Investigations on Gor-Kan-Shan-Lien-Tan, a Chinese herbal medicine." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372346.
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Tian, Xiao Ying. "The study of Chinese herbal medicine in embryonic development of mice." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2009. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1071.
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Nissen, Nina G. "Herbal healthcare and processes of change : an ethnographic study of women's contemporary practice and use of western herbal medicine." Thesis, Open University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494405.
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Despite the growth of alternative medicine, little research has focussed on how individual alternative therapies are practised or examined gender issues in alternative medicine. This ethnographic study of the practice and use of western herbal medicine (WHM) explores the perspectives of women practitioners and women patients in various settings, including herbal consultations. The study demonstrates how practitioners view and practise WHM as a holistic therapy and illustrates how practitioners and patientsM work in partnership to shape women's individual journeys of healing. Analysis of the empirical data reveals a plurality of approaches to WHM that share a focus on two core principles - the concept of holism and a distinctive therapeutic approach. Practitioners implement their key aim patients through listening to patients' stories. This is mirrored in the themes of 'telling one's story' and 'being listened to' which emerge as women's central experiences of herbal consultations.
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Moshabela, M. M. "Reasons given by caregivers for administering African herbal medicine to children at St Rita's Hospital in Sekhukhune district of Limpopo Province, South Africa." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/256.
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Thesis (M Med (Family Medicine))--University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2008.The current study explores reasons provided by caregivers for the administration of African traditional medicines in children. This study seeks to understand the caregivers‟ knowledge, motivation, and the context for traditional medicine administration. The study took place in the children‟s ward at St. Rita‟s Provincial Hospital in Sekhukhune District of Limpopo. An explorative qualitative design was adopted using free-attitude interviews. Purposeful sampling was used to select nine key informants. Healthcare is sought for preventive and curative purposes, depending on mothers‟ cultural beliefs, from either traditional or conventional systems, or both. Contexts of health care include home, traditional, faith and conventional. Perception and differentiation childhood illness form the basis of healthcare-seeking behaviour. Mothers show varying patterns of healthcare utilization with respect to severity of childhood illness. Identity and authority factors act as internal and external stimuli, respectively, in administration traditional medicine to children. The mothers‟ patterns of seeking care in the health system suggest childcare pluralism. Since mothers advocate for their children, and defend their culture, modifying their care-seeking behaviour requires acknowledgement of their cultural practices. The collective household decision-making necessitates endorsement of holistic family-oriented iv practices. Reduction of traditional medicine toxicity requires emphasis of preventive and health promotion strategies.
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Thomsen, Michael, and n/a. "Immunomodulatory effects of traditional Chinese herbal formulation, ginseng and dang gui ten combination (PS10)." Swinburne University of Technology, 2006. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20061128.123722.
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The severe debility and immune dysfunction associated with serious
disease may respond well to treatment with the tonic formulas from
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). One of these, Ginseng and Dang
Gui Ten Combination has gained prominence as the formula most
suitable to assist convalescence after chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
A literature review of the herbal combination suggests that it
synergistically provides a broad range of pharmacological activity with
a very low level of toxicity. The herbs may have haemopoietic,
antimutagenic, antitumour, immunomodulatory and anticomplement
activities and they seem to promote lymphocyte activation, interleukin
production, protect various organs against toxicity, inflammation and
ulceration, and promote drug delivery and radiation sensitising while
protecting healthy tissue.
The specific immunomodulatory effects of PS10 combination were
investigated in 10 healthy volunteers (7 males and 3 females aged 43
to 58 years). The study was a longitudinal study (28 days), using a
repeated measures design to investigate the pre and then post
intervention changes in Natural Killer (NK) cell activity as well as total
and differentiated lymphocyte counts. Furthermore, liver function
tests (LFT) were included to assess any adverse effects on the liver. It
was envisaged that NK cells or other white blood cell subset variation
could indicate an immunomodulatory effect of the herbal formulation,
PS10.
Investigative methodologies included NK cell function assessment via
the ability of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) to lyse the human
erythroleukemia cell line K562.(Lozzio and Lozzio, 1975) Target cells
are labelled by incubation with radioactive chromium, washed, then
added to a dilution series of PBMC's and incubated for 4 hours.
Supernatants are harvested and the amount of intracellular chromium-
51 released into the supernatant is measured with a gamma counter.
The amount of chromium-51 released is proportional to the lytic
activity of the NK cells. The gradient of the line of best fit through the
plotted points was recorded as the measure of cytotoxicity or
killing.(Brooks and Flannery, 1980) The steeper the gradient, the
greater the cytotoxicity.
This pilot study demonstrated that the herbal preparation Ginseng and
Dang Gui Ten Combination (PS10) increased the total number of
lymphocytes cells in healthy human volunteers (n=10) (p<0.007).
Although the test formulation increased NK cell activity in some
participants, the change in mean NK cell cytotoxicity was not
significant.
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Whitelegg, Margaret Ellen. "Paradigm shift and the use of science in orthodox and alternative medicine." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240451.
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VanMarie, Edmund. "Re-presenting herbal medicine as phytotherapy: a strategy of professionalisation through the formation of a 'scientific' medicine." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2002. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/903/.
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Previous research into complementary and alternative medicine has failed to accord each form of alternative medical intervention individual significance. This research considers medical herbalism in Britain and investigates the re-presentation of its knowledge within a scientific framework as a strategy in a process of professionalisation. Data were gathered from herbalists' own statements that provided the answers to how? and why? this occurred. Whilst it is suggested that much science is heavily influenced by its social and cultural enviromnent, the tenacious portrayal of biomedicine as science is taken as accepted orthodoxy. Dolby's model, whereby unorthodox science assumes the features of orthodox science to become accepted as science, is forwarded as an explanation of how herbal medicine has been re-presented as phytotherapy and therefore 'scientific'. The influences of the sociocultural enviromnent and the sociopolitical enviromnent on herbalism's recognition and acceptance by both the state and conventional medicine are suggested as explanations of why phytotherapy has been promoted by some herbalists. It is noted that such transformative measures have not radically affected the professional practice of medical herbalists, nor are they universally welcomed. The anomaly between institutional education of herbalism in terms of phytotherapy and the continuing practice of herbalism as a 'tradition' is noted. The relative identities of practitioners - with a cultural identity - and herbal institutions - with a social identity - is suggested as the explanation for the discontinuity between institutional knowledge and actual practice. It is also argued that medical herbalists have an element of altruism in their practice that is noteworthy beyond an assumed professional service orientation. Herbalists' differences of view regarding the acceptability of promoting phytotherapy as a route to recognition and acceptance appear to be subordinated by fears and anxieties about possible future govermnent legislation and EU harmonisation regulations.
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Davis, Janie. "Attitudes and Knowledge of Nurses Regarding Herbal Medications." TopSCHOLAR®, 2002. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/651.
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Much information has been published regarding herbal medication use. However, information is limited on how nurses incorporate this information into their practice, communicate information to the client, or collaborate with physicians to prevent drug/herbal interactions. The purpose of this study is to explore the attitudes and knowledge of nurses regarding the use of herbal remedies at various levels of practice. According to Henderson's Theory of Basic Care Components, the nurse has a responsibility to assess client needs, help clients meet health needs, and provide a safe environment for the client to perform activities unaided. These interventions help the client become complete, whole and independent. These skills are blended when teaching about herbal/drug interactions. A convenience sample of RNs and LPNs (n=51) from a southern Kentucky hospital was used in this study. After informed consent was obtained, a researcher developed questionnaire with 15 knowledge-based, multiple choice questions and 10 attitude-based, Likert scaled questions were given. The study was conducted using a preand posttest design with an educational in-service intervention. Sample demographic data revealed 96% to be female, with a mean age of 39.2 years, 53% hold an ADN, 16% a BSN, and 4% a MSN. Average years of experience were nine years. Chi-squared tests showed no significance as a function of age, gender, education, years of experience or area of practice in baseline knowledge. T-tests for related samples revealed a change in mean score from 9.0 on the pre-test to 12.0 on the post-test. (T=8.63) (p=0.001). Further research in this field is needed before generalization can be made. Consumers use herbal medications to reduce health care costs. Knowledge of herbal medications can prevent dangerous interactions with prescription medications.
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Wai, Wing-yin Eric. "Effect of herbal medicine (Ganoderma lucidum) on nitric oxide production in macrophages." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3197126X.
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衛穎賢 and Wing-yin Eric Wai. "Effect of herbal medicine (Ganoderma lucidum) on nitric oxide production in macrophages." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3197126X.
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溫啓新 and Kai-sun Alan Wan. "Effects of Salviae miltiorrhizae radix, a herbal medicine, on vascularconstriction and dilatation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42576544.
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Stewart, Catriona A. "Hermeneutical phenomenology : girls with Asperger's syndrome and anxiety and Western herbal medicine." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2010. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/4486.
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Anxiety in young people with Asperger's syndrome (AS) is of serious concern. With a greater prevalence of girls with AS than previously considered, there is a paucity of research into experiences of anxiety in this population. Girls with AS and their parents may seek help through professional Western Herbal Medicine (WHM), the practice of which has little research evidence. The aim of this study is to explore experiences of girls in Scotland with AS and anxiety during a course of WHM treatment, described by the girls, their mothers and the herbalists. A Hermeneutical or Interpretive Phenomenological longitudinal case-study approach included a purposive sample of 3 girls, their mothers and 3 Western Medical Herbalists (WMH) (n=9). Innovative methods developed to address specific needs of the girls comprised of licensed computer interview software ‘In My Shoes' and an online diary facility. Individual interviews took place with all participants, second interviews held with girls and mothers, were transcribed verbatim and thematic analysis carried out. The study was endorsed by Edinburgh Napier University Faculty of Health, Life and Social Sciences Research Ethic and Governance Committee and the National Autistic Society. Informed consent was given by all participants. Where can we be what we are? was identified as a theme within a narrative of marginalisation in which individuals whose needs are marginalised turn to a treatment marginalised within the prevailing biomedical health care model. Anxiety manifests in girls with AS in a number of ways including chronic insomnia, emotional outbursts and school refusal. The WHM treatment had beneficial effects. However, access to, and compliance with, the treatment, may be inequitable. There is an urgent need for greater support for girls with AS and families, with an evidence base underpinning appropriate intervention. Diagnosis needs to be accompanied by acceptance in society and the availability of future opportunities. Further qualitative research in this area would increase insight and understanding and provide support for the development of larger scale studies. The creation of ‘best practice' guidelines in WHM for the treatment of girls with AS is recommended as is a pragmatic clinical trial of WHM for girls with AS and anxiety. key terms: Girls, Asperger's, anxiety, Western Herbal Medicine, hermeneutic interpretive phenomenology, methods, In My Shoes
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Huen, Man-kit, and 禤文傑. "Protocol development for the quality control of multi-component Chinese herbal preparation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B2973891X.
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TYMBIOS, Joanna Antonia. "An evaluation of western herbal complementary medicine labelling in South Africa, to determine whether the product labelling information complies with established herbal monographs and whether it meets local regulatory requirements." University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5111.
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Magister Pharmaceuticae - MPharmMedicines (CMs) are widely available to the South African public. However, CMs have not yet been evaluated by the Medicines Control Council (MCC). The MCC has published new guidelines for the regulation of CMs, with which CM companies are required to comply. OBJECTIVE: Determine to what degree Western Herbal CM labelling complies with the MCC’s requirements. METHODS: Thirteen CM products containing recognised Western Herbal ingredients were selected from pharmacies in the northern suburbs of Johannesburg. Labelling information on the immediate and outer container labels, as well as the package inserts, was investigated. The relevant corresponding European Medicines Agency (EMA) monographs and MCC guidelines were used to assess compliance. RESULTS: None of the products complied with the product dosage section of the monographs. Furthermore, the products contained indications that were not present in the monographs. The products did not fully meet the MCC’s mandatory minimum labelling requirements, and they did not demonstrate total compliance with all of the MCC’s requirements for product labels and package inserts.
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Tagintseva, Taisiya Y. "The use of herbal medicine by U.S. immigrants from the former Soviet Union." Online access for everyone, 2005. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2005/t%5Ftagintseva%5F072205.pdf.
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Popat, Alpa. "Investigating the hepatotoxicity of Callilepis laureola, Impila, a South African traditional herbal medicine." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ63176.pdf.
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Ansah, Charles. "The molecular toxicology of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta, a West African anti-malarial herbal medicine." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405036.
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WANG, SHIH-JIE, and 王識捷. "Selections of Chinese Herbal Medicine Suppliers." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/pmcf8v.
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碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
運籌管理系企業管理碩士班
105
As the cultivation of Chinese herbal medicines has many climatic and environmental factors, the world must rely on China's exports and Taiwan has no exception. However, the origins of Chinese herbal medicine scattered in mainland China and production and marketing process is also quite complicated which has also made the quality of Chinese herbal medicine be affected easily, so a careful selection of Chinese herbal medicines suppliers becomes very important. In this study, the relevant literatures of Chinese medicine related to policies and the selection of many pharmaceutical suppliers were selected to construct the model by the hierarchical analysis technique. The AHP questionnaire was issued to the Chinese medicine retailers in Taiwan. The results showed that the dimensions of the product are common emphasized by the retailers and their sub-criteria also have higher degree of weight. Thus the Chinese herbal medicine suppliers have to focus on the dimensions of the product first in order to get a basic competitive advantage. Senior and young retailers have different perceptions on the degree of importance of the proposed major criteria and sub-criteria. Senior experts pay more attention to “financial credit” while young retailers emphasize on “professional knowledge and personnel training” and “technical resources”. Besides, “information technology”, “transportation and distribution” and “environmental protection” are perceived to have a lower degree of importance.
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"Antiviral agents from selected Chinese herbal medicines." Thesis, 2004. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6073972.
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Human viral infections are important health problem worldwide. Although much effort has been made, antiviral drugs, because of the unique properties of viruses, are relatively fewer in number and possess relatively narrow spectrum of activities as compared with antibiotics. Moreover, efficacy, drug resistance and side effect are the problems of antiviral drugs in clinical uses. Thus, it is necessary to develop new, effective and safe antiviral drug.Thirty-seven medicinal herbs, which were collected from Guangdong province or the Hong Kong region, were selected to screen for their antiviral activities against HSV-1 and/or RSV in vitro using a cytopathic effect (CPE) reduction assay. The selection of the herbs was mainly based on their traditional use in the treatment of human infectious diseases of the skin and respiratory tract.
Three of 37 medicinal herbs, Agrimonia pilosa, Pithecellobium clypearia, and Punica granatum, showed anti-HSV-1 activity, which was possibly contributed from polyphenolic compounds in the herbal extracts. Six of 21 medicinal herbs, Blumea laciniata, Elephantopus scaber, Laggera pterodonta, Mussaenda pubescens, Schefflera heptaphylla, and Scutellaria indica, exhibited potent anti-RSV activity with 50% inhibition concentrations (IC50) ranging from 12.5 to 32 mug/ml, and the selective indices (SI) ranging from 11.2 to 40. Moreover, the anti-RSV SI values of Laggera pterodonta and Schefflera heptaphylla were found to be higher than that of ribavirin. Finally, Schefflera heptaphylla having the highest anti-RSV SI value among the active herbs was subjected to further study its antiviral activity. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Traditional herbal medicines have been used for a long time in the treatment of human infectious diseases in many countries, including China. Antiviral screening has shown that quite a few medicinal herbs distributed in various regions of the world possess significant antiviral activities with no or limited adverse effects, and many naturally occurring compounds exhibit antiviral activity in vitro and/or in vivo. In the present study, our objectives are to (1) screen for potential antiviral agents from selected herbal medicines traditionally used in southern China, (2) isolate and characterize the antiviral constituents from the most active herb, and (3) probe possible antiviral modes of action of the active compounds. The viruses used in the present study included respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), influenza A virus (Flu A), and coxsackie B3 virus (Cox B3). However, the present study mainly focused on searching for anti-RSV and anti-HSV-1 agents from selected Chinese herbal medicines.
Li Yaolan.
"October 2004."
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-07, Section: B, page: 3506.
Supervisors: Vincent V. E. C. Ooi; Paul P. H. But.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 160-178).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
School code: 1307.
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Johnson, Teela. "Canadian pharmacy students' knowledge of herbal medicine." 2007. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=788902&T=F.
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Feng, Huei-jiun, and 馮輝俊. "Success Factors for Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine Retailer." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29716308559905835402.
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碩士國立交通大學
管理學院管理科學學程
103
With the economic take-off, the improvement of living conditions, health food related industries has become concerned about the development of the star industry. Traditional Chinese herbal medicine industry, the Government strongly support, the use of new technology to develop science and traditional Chinese Herbal medicine health foods and other related businesses. This research is to find the key factor for selling traditional Chinese Herbal medicine health foods, especially for traditional Chinese herbal stores through literature and interviews with experts, then using AHP to study the collection data. Finally structure a model with 4 groups "Marketing ", " Production ", " Environment ", " Management " , and the most important criteria of 11 items are " Advertising ", " word-of-mouth ", " store location ", " Promotion ", " store design ", "Quality ", " relationship marketing " , " store atmosphere ", " trust ", " key account management ", "historic ", " relationship marketing " this research also find the key factors for selling traditional Chinese Herbal medicine health foods by criteria weight of the goal” The key criteria of selling traditional Chinese Herbal medicine health foods, especially for traditional Chinese herbal medicine retailer.” to assist company easy to management.
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Chiang, Wan-Chen, and 江婉甄. "A simple method for Chinese herbal medicine recognition." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77559940786555732755.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
食品暨應用生物科技學系所
98
The present study attempted to recognize 30 selected Chinese herbal medicine samples, including Mentha arvensis, Amomum villosum Lour., Millettia reticulata Benth, Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees, Coix lacryma-jobi Linn., Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit., Ziziphus jujuba Mill var. Spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chow, Corydalis bulbosa D.C., Prunus armeniaca L., Fritillaria thunbergii Miq., Ginkgo biloba Linn, Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz., Siler divaricatum Benth et Hook., Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf., Scrophularia oldhami Oliv., Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., Eucommia ulmoides Oliv., Curcuma phaeaulis Valeton, Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi, Astragalus membranaceus Fisch., Citrus reticulata Blanco, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Poria Cocos (Schw.) Wolf, Rheum officinale Baill., Ephedra sinica Stapf., Paeonia lactiflora Pall., Bupleurum chinense, Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl, Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, and Cinnamomum cassia Blume. These herbal samples were extracted with hot water and 95% of ethanol. The extracts were analyzed (i.e. spectrophotometric scanning, iodine analysis, pH values, antioxidant capacity, titratable acidity, electrical conductivity) and computed by the principle component analysis (PCA). The results from different analytical methods have proposed the characteristics of different samples. The recognition results showed that 30 herbal samples could be recognized correctly. This protocol could also be used to recognize the other samples collected from different sources. Overall, the results from this study showed its potential in the development of a rapid recognition for different herbal materials.
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Birling, Yoann. "Chinese herbal medicine for insomnia : evidence and experience." Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.7/uws:67522.
Full textAbstract:
Insomnia, a condition with significant medical consequences, is becoming more and more prevalent worldwide. Hypnotic drugs are associated with dependence, adverse reactions and long-term risks. Psychotherapy is time- and resource-consuming and largely unavailable. As such, many people who present with insomnia also look for alternative treatments. Recent studies show that Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), a traditional herbal medicine based on holistic theories, could be a potential alternative. The aims of this doctoral research were to explore the potential benefits of CHM for the treatment of insomnia and provide guidance in the treatment of insomnia with CHM. For practical reasons, the empirical aspect of the investigation focuses on one specific CHM product, which is Zao Ren An Shen (ZRAS). The research questions include: (1) Is ZRAS a safe and effective treatment for insomnia disorder? (2) How do Chinese medicine clinicians diagnose and treat insomnia with CHM? This doctoral research consists of a narrative review and three major studies: one systematic review, one randomised, placebo-controlled trial and one clinical experience synthesis. In the systematic review, clinical trial that assessed the efficacy and/or safety of ZRAS for insomnia were systematically searched and screened. In the clinical trial, after one week of placebo run-in, 85 participants with insomnia disorder were randomly allocated to either take ZRAS capsule or placebo for four weeks. Insomnia severity, psychological status, fatigue levels, quality of life, subjective sleep parameters, objective sleep parameters, and adverse events were assessed through the intervention period and at a four-weeks follow-up. Both the investigator and the participants were blind to the treatment allocation. In the clinical experience synthesis (CES), clinical experience reports published in the literature, which described treatment of insomnia with CHM, were systematically reviewed and screened. The systematic review shows that ZRAS is safe and effective for insomnia. The randomised trial support ZRAS capsule as a safe and acceptable treatment, yet failed to improve significantly insomnia severity in insomnia patients. These differences may be explained by the poor quality of the studies included in the systematic review. The studies included in the systematic review and the randomised trial both used a standardised intervention approach. However, Chinese medicine clinician recommend an individualised approach, which may contribute to improved outcomes across a broader range of measures.
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Hsu, Shih-Hao, and 徐士濠. "Antioxidant and anticancer of six Chinese herbal medicine." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02186331836282708360.
Full textAbstract:
碩士義守大學
生物技術與化學工程研究所碩士班
97
Traditional or folk herbal medicine as alternative cancer therapy has attracted a great deal of attention due to its low toxicity and costs. Many plant-derived bioactive constituents have been discovered to be potential sources of anticancer agents. This study examined the antioxidant and anticancer activities of the ethanolic extract from six herbs including Cibotium barometz, Abrus cantoniensis Hance, Siegesbeckia orientalis linne, Glehnia littoralis Fr.Schmidt ex Miq., Fructus Akebiae, and Semen impatientis. The total polyphenol and flavonoid content were also determined. Among the six extracts, Siegesbeckia orientalis had the highest total polyphenol and flavonoid content (= 13.84 ± 0.69% and 10.69 ± 0.10%, respectively), as well as the highest antioxidant activities on DPPH free radical scavenging, removal of superoxide anion, reducing power, and the ability of capturing the hydroxyl radical. The anticancer activities were assayed by MTT method on different cancer cell lines, including A549, H661 (lung cancer), HepG2, Hep3B (hepatoma), and MDA-MB-231 (breast cancer). The extract of Siegesbeckia orientalis linne also showed the best performance on the inhibition of proliferation of these cancer cells. These results demonstrated that the alcoholic extract of Siegesbeckia orientalis linne has good antioxidant and anticancer activities, and it is worth to be studied further to know its effective ingredients and their anticancer mechanisms in the future.
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Liu, Jing-Wen, and 劉靜雯. "Effect of Chinese herbal medicine on renal toxicity." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06998104477989907569.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國防醫學院
藥學研究所
101
中文摘要 近年來，中藥所致腎臟損害日益受到人們的重視。多數藥物吸收後，主要經腎小球濾過、近曲小管分泌、遠曲小管重吸收和小管上皮細胞降解等代謝過程排出體外。在這一過程中均可累積腎毒性而發生結構和功能改變，導致腎臟損傷。中藥腎毒性已經成為制約中藥現代化和臨床應用的一大障礙。為了確保中藥的安全使用，有必要加強中藥的毒理學研究。然而，中藥製劑在台灣之使用相當普遍，因此中藥對腎臟之傷害機制尤其值得作深入之探討。 研究發現馬兜鈴(Aristolochia)會造成腎臟損害，但中藥是否仍含其他成分會導致腎毒性，目前我國僅有少數相關文獻與研究。因此本篇研究目的為，挑選出使用較多之複方濃縮中藥，每種複方濃縮中藥選自三家藥廠之產品，主要以市售三大廠為主。中藥腎病變之可能機轉主要是與腎絲球過濾和腎小管分泌有關，因此當中藥傷害腎臟時最主要受到影響的地方便是腎絲球及腎小管。所以本篇研究採用近端腎小管細胞(LLC-PK1)與遠端腎小管細胞(MDCK) 來進行體外細胞模式及以SD大鼠為體內動物模式的篩選評估。 體外細胞模式以模擬人體每日服用複方濃縮中藥之最大劑量且完全吸收，並進行劑量效應探討，以50%及10%濃度稀釋複方濃縮中藥之最大劑量，最後以10%處理濃度進行細胞存活率實驗，若細胞存活率低於75%，則判定此複方濃縮中藥可能具有腎毒性複方濃縮中藥經口服吸收後，除考慮口服吸收率與會經血液稀釋外，尚會與血中蛋白質結合，也會經血液分佈到各組織器官，故接觸到腎臟細胞之濃度相對降低許多，而以稀釋至10% 的處理濃度進行細胞毒性之篩選。體外篩藥結果顯示，A廠小建中湯、桃仁承氣湯、小柴胡湯，B廠桑菊飲，C廠上中下通用痛風丸具細胞毒性傷害之風險。 體內動物模式以餵食SD大鼠A廠之複方濃縮中藥，連續14天，於犧牲前一天收集SD大鼠之血液與尿液，檢測美國食品藥物管理局(FDA)建議之七種生物標誌物(biomarkers)及血清肌酸酐(Creatinine)， 來評估複方中藥對腎之傷害，同時針對腎臟進行組織切片，進行病理分析。體內篩藥結果顯示，並不會造成大鼠腎臟之損傷。 另依據細胞實驗之結果，挑選幾種複方濃縮中藥，經人類腎小管細胞(HK2)之細胞存活試驗，其實驗結果之細胞存活率與近端腎小管細胞(LLCPK1)相似，未來近端腎小管細胞之試驗結果應可作為人類腎小管細胞之試驗結果之代表。 Abstract In recent years, Chinese herbal medicine induce renal damage caused growing attention. Most drugs were absorbed by glomerular filtration, proximal tubule secretion, distal tubule reabsorption and epithlial tubular cell degradation and other metabolic processes excreted. In this process, drugs are cumulatived nephrotoxicity and changed kidney of structure and function, therefore leading to kidney damage. Chinese herbal medicine has become a restriction of renal toxicity and the obstacle of clinical application. In order to ensure the safely use of traditional Chinese herbal medicine, it is necessary to strengthen Chinese herbal medicine of toxicology studies. However, the use of Chinese herbal medicine in Taiwan is common, so the herbs on the renal damage mechanisms of particular in-depth study. Study found that aristolochic acid(Aristolochia) caused renal damage, but it still contains other ingredients of Chinese herbal medicine caused renal toxicity, currently only a view of relevant literature and research. Therefore, the purpose of this study, the Chinese herbal medicine was selected because usually using in Taiwan, each Chinese herbal medicine was selected from three pharmaceutical companies. Chinese herbal medicine nephropathy mechanisms possibly associated with glomerular filtration and tubular secretion, and therefore damage the kidneys when the medicine most affected the glomerule and tubule. Therefore, this study using the proximal tubular cells (LLC-PK1) and distal tubule cells(MDCK) for in vitro cell models and in SD rats as animal models in vivo screening assessment. In vitro cell models to simulate the human daily maximum dose of Chinese herbal medicine and completely absorbed, and conduct dose dependent, 50% and 10% concentrations of diluted the maximum dose of medicine, and finally the 10% concentration for cell viability experiments, cell viability was below 75%, it is determined this Chinese herbal medicine potentially nephrotoxicity. Chinese herbal medicine orally absorbed, in addition to considering the orally absorption rate and hemodilution, but still with the blood protein binding, also the blood distributed to various tissues and organs, the renal cells exposed to relatively reduce the number density, so this study selected the 10% concentration of medicine to consider that if Chinese herbal medicine cause nephrotoxicity or not. The results showed that in vitro drug screening, Chinese herbal medicine probally caused nephrotoxicity containing Sheau Jiann Jong Tang, Tao Ren Cheng Chi Tang and Sheau Chair Hwu Tang in company A, Shang Ju Yin in company B, Shang Zhong Xia Tong Yong Tang Feng Wan in company C. In vivo animal models to SD rats fed Chinese herbal medicine of pharmaceutical company A for 14 days, the study collected the blood and urine of SD rats before sacrifice them. According Food and Drug Administration (FDA) proposed seven kinds of biomarkers ( biomarkers) and serum creatinine (Creatinine), to evaluate the Chinese herbal medicine for kidney damage, and for kidney biopsy performed for pathological analysis. The results showed that in vivo drug screening, the medicine did not cause damage to the kidney in rats. In addition, according to the results of in vitro experiments, the selection of several Chinese herbal medicine to cell survival test by human renal tubular cells (HK2), the results of cell viability is similar proximal tubular cells (LLCPK1). In the future, the cell survival test representative that proximal tubule cells(LLCPK1) should be used as the human renal tubular cells(HK2).
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Casey, Mavourneen. "The practice of Western Herbal Medicine in Australia." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/39546.
Full textAbstract:
Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)In recent decades, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has gradually assumed a growing popularity and economic importance in the health care systems of Western nations including Australia. Personal expenditure on CAM now represents a significant investment by the Australian general population. During this period, various CAM professions have steadily emerged as popular, if unofficial, healthcare providers. Despite the growing popularity of CAM, little is known outside of special interest groups about most CAM practices or about the professionals who provide them. In Australia one of the most well known and popular forms of CAM is herbal medicine. The focus of this thesis is on the professional practice of herbal medicine in Australia, specifically Western Herbal Medicine (WHM). It is estimated that practitioners of WHM conduct almost two million consultations a year representing an investment of $AUS 85 million (excluding the cost of medicines)in the Australian health economy. Typically described as a complete system of medicine, WHM boasts a comprehensive philosophy and claims to offer a unique approach to treatment, diagnosis and prescription. WHM practitioners reputedly operate within a broad range of autonomy, including some acting as primary health care professionals. Nevertheless, little is known about the Australian WHM profession: their approach to clinical practice; their use of herbal medicines; the patients and problems seen in WHM practice; or the nature of the WHM profession’s relationship with the mainstream healthcare sector. This thesis presents a pragmatic health services inquiry that aims to provide empirical data for the purpose of stimulating reflective practice within the WHM profession and seeks to inform discussion about the role of WHM in the Australian healthcare system. The analysis employs the concept of 'mainstreaming' (the increasing popularity, acceptance and legitimacy of CAM within the dominant healthcare structures) to explore the response of WHM to the changing role of CAM within mainstream healthcare. Mainstreaming is interpreted as an active social process in which the boundaries between CAM and mainstream healthcare are shifting, and is a concept that implies the dominance of the mainstream medical paradigm. The investigation triangulates quantitative and qualitative methods to provide an in-depth account of WHM practice from the perspective of the WHM practitioner. The study population is the membership of the National Herbalists’ Association of Australia (NHAA), and the unit of analysis is the individual WHM practitioner. The research describes the clinical practice of WHM and explores the WHM profession’s developing relationship with the mainstream – including the Australian public and the mainstream healthcare professions, particularly medical practice. A social theoretical framework is employed to examine WHM practice within its social context. The conceptual framework directs the examination of the evolving relationship between WHM and mainstreaming towards three core areas of intersection: (1) the inter-professional; (2) the intra-professional; and (3) the professional/non-professional. The inquiry consists of a mixed methods design in which an initial survey study is followed by a qualitative in-depth interview study. The rationale of adopting a mixed methods approach was threefold: firstly, to increase the scope of inquiry by selecting methods most appropriate for each inquiry component; secondly, to better understand the research problem by converging both types of data; and finally, to increase the validity of constructs and inquiry results by triangulation of data sources. The survey study consisted of a postal questionnaire that was distributed to the membership of the NHAA. The survey was specifically designed for this study in consultation with the NHAA. A preliminary pilot study of the draft questionnaire was conducted consisting of both a formal and informal stage of testing. The questionnaire was distributed with the association’s quarterly professional journal (The Australian Journal of Medical Herbalism) in December 2003 and again in March 2004. Achieving a response rate of 58% (n=378), the survey data described key aspects of the WHM profession; its approach to clinical practice, herbal prescribing and aspects of its professional relationships. The survey results demonstrated an increased influence of medical science on WHM principles and practices including the incorporation of medical concepts,clinical procedures, technologies and language into clinical practice. Although the survey provided strong evidence of a trend towards the rationalisation of WHM clinical practice, the results showed how the prescription of herbal medicines remains a predominantly traditional practice. In terms of the WHM profession, the survey results indicate that WHM practitioners are not assuming a primary healthcare role in Australia but are predominantly providing treatments for chronic conditions. The data indicated high levels of concurrent patient care, including concurrent use of pharmaceutical and herbal medicines;thus, suggesting that WHM clientele consider WHM a complementary rather than an alternative form of medicine. The survey also showed that WHM practitioners would welcome improved inter-professional and intra-professional relationships. The second phase of the mixed methods study consisted of a series of qualitative in-depth interviews with a sub-sample of survey respondents (n=18)resident in NSW, Australia. The objectives of the in-depth interview study were twofold: firstly, to add depth and meaning to survey data; and secondly, to understand the practice of WHM from the perspective of the WHM practitioner.To ensure flexibility and to uncover novel data from the participants the in-depth interviews were carried out on a semi-structured basis. Building upon the survey findings, the qualitative study explored the WHM practitioners' conceptualisations, explanations and rationalisations of their approach to WHM practice. The interview participants represented a broad range of WHM practitioners who commonly shared a holistic worldview, but who also offered a range of interpretations of the philosophical and theoretical basis of WHM. The investigation described how mainstream conceptualisations of healthcare have impacted upon the traditional model of WHM practice. The analysis identifies a number of competing sub-groups within WHM who each advocate particular approaches to WHM practice. In particular, the analysis highlights a significant degree of internal tension operating within WHM about the salience of medical science within WHM. The analysis also revealed how the perceived subordination to, and thus distinction from, mainstream medicine is a dominant issue within the WHM practitioner’s discourse. The explanation for this emerged from the perception amongst the in-depth interview participants of the widespread appropriation of herbal medicine by the mainstream, as well as systematic discrimination towards the WHM profession. Furthermore, there was evidence of not only poor intra-professional cohesion but significant intra-professional differences regarding the apposite location of WHM in relation to mainstream healthcare. This research provides new understandings about the clinical practice of WHM practice, but also about the role of the WHM practitioner in Australian healthcare. The thesis reveals a story of irony. Despite the increasing popularity of herbal medicines and significant concessions within WHM to the medicalparadigm, the WHM profession is struggling to achieve legitimate participation within the mainstream and continues to operate on the fringe of Australian healthcare. The thesis concludes that the process of mainstreaming is challenging the authenticity of WHM herbal tradition and challenging the future viability of the WHM profession, the implications of which suggest that the WHM practitioner will continue to experience financial insecurity unless the WHM profession can collectively move to demarcate its scope of practice and legitimate its professional role.
41
Casey, Mavourneen. "The practice of Western Herbal Medicine in Australia." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/39546.
Full textAbstract:
Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)In recent decades, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has gradually assumed a growing popularity and economic importance in the health care systems of Western nations including Australia. Personal expenditure on CAM now represents a significant investment by the Australian general population. During this period, various CAM professions have steadily emerged as popular, if unofficial, healthcare providers. Despite the growing popularity of CAM, little is known outside of special interest groups about most CAM practices or about the professionals who provide them. In Australia one of the most well known and popular forms of CAM is herbal medicine. The focus of this thesis is on the professional practice of herbal medicine in Australia, specifically Western Herbal Medicine (WHM). It is estimated that practitioners of WHM conduct almost two million consultations a year representing an investment of $AUS 85 million (excluding the cost of medicines)in the Australian health economy. Typically described as a complete system of medicine, WHM boasts a comprehensive philosophy and claims to offer a unique approach to treatment, diagnosis and prescription. WHM practitioners reputedly operate within a broad range of autonomy, including some acting as primary health care professionals. Nevertheless, little is known about the Australian WHM profession: their approach to clinical practice; their use of herbal medicines; the patients and problems seen in WHM practice; or the nature of the WHM profession’s relationship with the mainstream healthcare sector. This thesis presents a pragmatic health services inquiry that aims to provide empirical data for the purpose of stimulating reflective practice within the WHM profession and seeks to inform discussion about the role of WHM in the Australian healthcare system. The analysis employs the concept of 'mainstreaming' (the increasing popularity, acceptance and legitimacy of CAM within the dominant healthcare structures) to explore the response of WHM to the changing role of CAM within mainstream healthcare. Mainstreaming is interpreted as an active social process in which the boundaries between CAM and mainstream healthcare are shifting, and is a concept that implies the dominance of the mainstream medical paradigm. The investigation triangulates quantitative and qualitative methods to provide an in-depth account of WHM practice from the perspective of the WHM practitioner. The study population is the membership of the National Herbalists’ Association of Australia (NHAA), and the unit of analysis is the individual WHM practitioner. The research describes the clinical practice of WHM and explores the WHM profession’s developing relationship with the mainstream – including the Australian public and the mainstream healthcare professions, particularly medical practice. A social theoretical framework is employed to examine WHM practice within its social context. The conceptual framework directs the examination of the evolving relationship between WHM and mainstreaming towards three core areas of intersection: (1) the inter-professional; (2) the intra-professional; and (3) the professional/non-professional. The inquiry consists of a mixed methods design in which an initial survey study is followed by a qualitative in-depth interview study. The rationale of adopting a mixed methods approach was threefold: firstly, to increase the scope of inquiry by selecting methods most appropriate for each inquiry component; secondly, to better understand the research problem by converging both types of data; and finally, to increase the validity of constructs and inquiry results by triangulation of data sources. The survey study consisted of a postal questionnaire that was distributed to the membership of the NHAA. The survey was specifically designed for this study in consultation with the NHAA. A preliminary pilot study of the draft questionnaire was conducted consisting of both a formal and informal stage of testing. The questionnaire was distributed with the association’s quarterly professional journal (The Australian Journal of Medical Herbalism) in December 2003 and again in March 2004. Achieving a response rate of 58% (n=378), the survey data described key aspects of the WHM profession; its approach to clinical practice, herbal prescribing and aspects of its professional relationships. The survey results demonstrated an increased influence of medical science on WHM principles and practices including the incorporation of medical concepts,clinical procedures, technologies and language into clinical practice. Although the survey provided strong evidence of a trend towards the rationalisation of WHM clinical practice, the results showed how the prescription of herbal medicines remains a predominantly traditional practice. In terms of the WHM profession, the survey results indicate that WHM practitioners are not assuming a primary healthcare role in Australia but are predominantly providing treatments for chronic conditions. The data indicated high levels of concurrent patient care, including concurrent use of pharmaceutical and herbal medicines;thus, suggesting that WHM clientele consider WHM a complementary rather than an alternative form of medicine. The survey also showed that WHM practitioners would welcome improved inter-professional and intra-professional relationships. The second phase of the mixed methods study consisted of a series of qualitative in-depth interviews with a sub-sample of survey respondents (n=18)resident in NSW, Australia. The objectives of the in-depth interview study were twofold: firstly, to add depth and meaning to survey data; and secondly, to understand the practice of WHM from the perspective of the WHM practitioner.To ensure flexibility and to uncover novel data from the participants the in-depth interviews were carried out on a semi-structured basis. Building upon the survey findings, the qualitative study explored the WHM practitioners���� conceptualisations, explanations and rationalisations of their approach to WHM practice. The interview participants represented a broad range of WHM practitioners who commonly shared a holistic worldview, but who also offered a range of interpretations of the philosophical and theoretical basis of WHM. The investigation described how mainstream conceptualisations of healthcare have impacted upon the traditional model of WHM practice. The analysis identifies a number of competing sub-groups within WHM who each advocate particular approaches to WHM practice. In particular, the analysis highlights a significant degree of internal tension operating within WHM about the salience of medical science within WHM. The analysis also revealed how the perceived subordination to, and thus distinction from, mainstream medicine is a dominant issue within the WHM practitioner’s discourse. The explanation for this emerged from the perception amongst the in-depth interview participants of the widespread appropriation of herbal medicine by the mainstream, as well as systematic discrimination towards the WHM profession. Furthermore, there was evidence of not only poor intra-professional cohesion but significant intra-professional differences regarding the apposite location of WHM in relation to mainstream healthcare. This research provides new understandings about the clinical practice of WHM practice, but also about the role of the WHM practitioner in Australian healthcare. The thesis reveals a story of irony. Despite the increasing popularity of herbal medicines and significant concessions within WHM to the medicalparadigm, the WHM profession is struggling to achieve legitimate participation within the mainstream and continues to operate on the fringe of Australian healthcare. The thesis concludes that the process of mainstreaming is challenging the authenticity of WHM herbal tradition and challenging the future viability of the WHM profession, the implications of which suggest that the WHM practitioner will continue to experience financial insecurity unless the WHM profession can collectively move to demarcate its scope of practice and legitimate its professional role.
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"Pharmacognostical studies on the Chinese medicinal herb: "Ku-Di-Dan"= [K‘u Ti Tan] (Herba Elephantopi)." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5895714.
Full textAbstract:
Cao Hui.Publication date from spine.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 180-194).
Acknowledgments --- p.v
Abstract --- p.vii
List of Tables --- p.xv
List of Figures --- p.xvii
Abbreviations and symbols --- p.xx
Chapter Chapter 1. --- General introduction
Chapter 1.1. --- Historical background --- p.1
Chapter 1.2. --- Pharmacognostical development --- p.2
Chapter 1.3. --- Importance of herb authentication --- p.3
Chapter 1.4. --- Objective of study --- p.5
Chapter Chapter 2. --- Literature review
Chapter 2.1. --- Botanical and taxonomic aspects --- p.9
Chapter 2.1.1. --- Morphology --- p.9
Chapter 2.1.2. --- Scientific names --- p.11
Chapter 2.2. --- Chemical aspects --- p.13
Chapter 2.3. --- Pharmacological aspects --- p.14
Chapter 2.3.1. --- Antibacterial effect --- p.14
Chapter 2.3.2. --- Antiphlogistic effect --- p.14
Chapter 2.3.3. --- Antipyretic effect --- p.15
Chapter 2.3.4. --- Effect in gastrointestinal propulsion --- p.15
Chapter 2.3.5. --- Antineoplastic activity --- p.15
Chapter 2.3.6. --- Hepatoprotective effect --- p.15
Chapter 2.3.7. --- Inhibitory activity on enzymes --- p.17
Chapter 2.3.8. --- Cardiovascular effect --- p.17
Chapter 2.3.9. --- Acute toxicity (LD50) --- p.18
Chapter 2.4. --- Pharmacognostical aspects --- p.18
Chapter Chapter 3. --- Kudidan in Ben-cao literature
Chapter 3.1. --- Introduction --- p.23
Chapter 3.2. --- Name evolution --- p.23
Chapter 3.3. --- Natural distribution --- p.24
Chapter 3.4. --- Characteristics --- p.25
Chapter 3.5. --- Substitutions investigation --- p.26
Chapter 3.6. --- Summary --- p.29
Chapter Chapter 4. --- Morphological differences
Chapter 4.1. --- Plant identification --- p.36
Chapter 4.1.1. --- Introduction --- p.36
Chapter 4.1.2. --- Collection of voucher materials --- p.36
Chapter 4.1.3. --- Plant morphology --- p.36
Chapter 4.2. --- Macroscopical identification --- p.46
Chapter 4.2.1. --- Introduction --- p.46
Chapter 4.2.2. --- Materials and methods --- p.46
Chapter 4.2.2.1. --- Commercial samples --- p.46
Chapter 4.2.2.2. --- Macroscopical characteristics --- p.46
Chapter 4.2.3. --- Results --- p.49
Chapter Chapter 5. --- Histological identification
Chapter 5.1. --- Introduction --- p.58
Chapter 5.2. --- Materials and methods --- p.59
Chapter 5.2.1. --- Commercial samples --- p.59
Chapter 5.2.1.1. --- Kudidan --- p.59
Chapter 5.2.1.2. --- Pugongying --- p.59
Chapter 5.2.1.3. --- Substitutes --- p.59
Chapter 5.2.2. --- Authentic plant materials for comparison --- p.60
Chapter 5.2.3. --- Methods --- p.60
Chapter 5.2.3.1. --- Paraffin method --- p.60
Chapter 5.2.3.2. --- Light microscopy --- p.62
Chapter 5.2.3.3. --- Quantitative microscopy --- p.63
Chapter 5.2.3.4. --- Scanning electron microscopy --- p.64
Chapter 5.3. --- Results --- p.64
Chapter 5.3.1. --- Microscopical characters of comparative plants --- p.64
Chapter 5.3.2. --- Internal structures of herbs --- p.83
Chapter 5.4. --- Discussion --- p.83
Chapter Chapter 6. --- Chemical analysis
Chapter 6.1. --- Introduction --- p.99
Chapter 6.2. --- Materials and methods --- p.100
Chapter 6.2.1. --- Authentic samples --- p.100
Chapter 6.2.2. --- Commercial samples --- p.100
Chapter 6.2.3. --- Methods --- p.100
Chapter 6.2.3.1. --- Isolation and characterization of standard substances --- p.100
Chapter 6.2.3.2. --- Extraction of plant materials --- p.102
Chapter 6.2.3.3. --- Thin layer chromatography --- p.102
Chapter 6.3. --- Results and discussion --- p.104
Chapter 6.3.1. --- TLC synopsis --- p.104
Chapter 6.3.2. --- TLC analysis --- p.105
Chapter 6.3.2.1. --- Qualitative evaluation of authentic plants --- p.105
Chapter 6.3.2.2. --- Qualitative evaluation of commercial samples --- p.107
Chapter 6.4. --- Summary --- p.107
Chapter Chapter 7. --- Molecular fingerprinting
Chapter 7.1. --- Introduction --- p.115
Chapter 7.2. --- Materials and methods --- p.120
Chapter 7.2.1. --- Plant materials --- p.121
Chapter 7.2.2. --- Herbal materials --- p.121
Chapter 7.2.3. --- Total genomic DNA preparation --- p.121
Chapter 7.2.3.1. --- CsCl/EtBr gradient method --- p.121
Chapter 7.2.3.2. --- CTAB/CsCl gradient method --- p.123
Chapter 7.2.3.3. --- CTAB miniprep method --- p.124
Chapter 7.2.4. --- Qualitative analysis of genomic DNA --- p.125
Chapter 7.2.5. --- Quantitative analysis of genomic DNA --- p.126
Chapter 7.2.6. --- Genomic DNA fingerprinting --- p.126
Chapter 7.2.6.1. --- DNA amplification --- p.126
Chapter 7.2.6.1.1. --- AP-PCR --- p.127
Chapter 7.2.1.1.2. --- RAPD --- p.128
Chapter 7.2.6.2. --- Data analysis --- p.129
Chapter 7.3. --- Results --- p.129
Chapter 7.3.1. --- Studies on extraction of genomic DNA --- p.129
Chapter 7.3.2. --- Genomic DNA fingerprinting by AP-PCR --- p.130
Chapter 7.3.3. --- Genomic DNA fingerprinting by RAPD --- p.131
Chapter 7.4. --- Discussion --- p.131
Chapter 7.4.1. --- DNA extraction --- p.132
Chapter 7.4.2. --- DNA fingerprinting of Kudidan --- p.136
Chapter 7.4.3. --- Phylogenetic relationship between two genera Elephantopus and Pseudo-elephantopus of by DNA fingerprinting --- p.141
Chapter Chapter 8. --- General summary and conclusion
Chapter 8.1. --- General summary --- p.165
Chapter 8.1.1. --- Ben-cao investigation --- p.166
Chapter 8.1.2. --- Investigation of commercial samples --- p.166
Chapter 8.1.3. --- Histological characteristics --- p.167
Chapter 8.1.4. --- Chemical analysis --- p.168
Chapter 8.1.5. --- DNA fingerprinting --- p.168
Chapter 8.2. --- Conclusion --- p.169
Appendices
Chapter A) --- Solutions --- p.171
Chapter B) --- Chinese characters cited in this Thesis --- p.173
Chapter a) --- Herbal names --- p.173
Chapter b) --- Book names --- p.175
Chapter c) --- Personal names --- p.176
Chapter d) --- Place names --- p.177
Chapter e) --- Miscellaneous names --- p.179
Bibliography --- p.180
43
"Adverse reaction of Chinese herbal medicines." 2003. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5891440.
Full textAbstract:
Hin-Chung Chu.Thesis submitted in: July 2002.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 281-306).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Cover (English & Chinese version) --- p.I
中文封面 --- p.II
Abstract (English version) --- p.III-IV
中藥不良反應論文摘要 --- p.V
Acknowledgements --- p.VI
Abbreviations --- p.VII-VIII
Publication in press --- p.IX
Content --- p.X-XV
Lists of Table --- p.XVI
Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1-3
Chapter Chapter 2 --- Chinese herbal medicines used in Hong Kong. --- p.4-15
Chapter 2.1 --- Overview --- p.4-5
Chapter 2.2 --- The Policy In Hong Kong -- Past And Present --- p.5-1
Chapter 2.3 --- The Preparatory Committee on Chinese Medicine (PCCM) --- p.7-8
Chapter 2.4 --- The Chinese Medicine Council of Hong Kong --- p.8-10
Chapter 2.5 --- Development of Standards --- p.10
Chapter 2.6 --- Development of Centres of Good Clinical Practice --- p.10-11
Chapter 2.7 --- Establishment of a Good System of Education and Training --- p.11
Chapter 2.8 --- Investigation of Suspected Herbal Toxicity Cases --- p.12-13
Chapter 2.8.1 --- Herbal Safety Surveillance --- p.13-14
Chapter 2.9 --- Conclusion --- p.14-15
Chapter Chapter 3 --- Herbal medicines used in other countries --- p.16-45
Chapter 3.1 --- Overview --- p.16
Chapter 3.2 --- China --- p.16-19
Chapter 3.3 --- Macau --- p.22-23
Chapter 3.4 --- Taiwan --- p.23-26
Chapter 3.5 --- Japan --- p.27-30
Chapter 3.6 --- Singapore --- p.30-31
Chapter 3.7 --- Australia --- p.31-34
Chapter 3.8 --- Others Asian countries --- p.35
Chapter 3.9 --- USA --- p.35-39
Chapter 3.10 --- United Kingdom --- p.39-41
Chapter 3.11 --- Europe --- p.41-43
Chapter 3.12 --- Germany --- p.43-45
Chapter Chapter 4 --- Adverse reaction -- General Aspect --- p.46-63
Chapter 4.1 --- Overview --- p.46
Chapter 4.2 --- Traditional Chinese medicine --- p.47-49
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Compound Prescriptions to Reduce Toxicity --- p.50
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Processing Of Chinese Herbs --- p.50-51
Chapter 4.2.2.1 --- The Aims of Herbal Drug Processing --- p.51-52
Chapter 4.2.2.2 --- The Methods of Herbal Drug Processing --- p.52
Chapter 4.2.2.3 --- External processing (simple treatment by trimming) --- p.52-53
Chapter 4.2.2.4 --- Water processing --- p.53-54
Chapter 4.2.2.5 --- Fire processing --- p.54
Chapter 4.2.2.6 --- Water-fire processing --- p.54-55
Chapter 4.2.2.7 --- Other methods --- p.55
Chapter 4.3 --- Practical Problem in Traditional Chinese Medicine --- p.55-57
Chapter 4.4 --- Evaluation of herbal adverse reactions --- p.57
Chapter 4.4.1 --- Type A reactions --- p.57
Chapter 4.4.2 --- Type B reactions --- p.58
Chapter 4.4.3 --- Type C reactions --- p.58
Chapter 4.4.4 --- Type D reactions --- p.58
Chapter 4.5 --- Chinese Proprietary medicine --- p.58-59
Chapter 4.6 --- Potential Risks for Herbal Adverse Reaction --- p.59
Chapter 4.6.1 --- Misidentification --- p.59-60
Chapter 4.6.2 --- Lack of standardisation --- p.60
Chapter 4.6.3 --- Contamination --- p.60
Chapter 4.6.4 --- Incorrect preparation / dosage --- p.60
Chapter 4.6.5 --- Excessive dosage --- p.60-61
Chapter 4.6.6 --- Individual errors --- p.61
Chapter 4.6.7 --- Individual response --- p.61
Chapter 4.6.8 --- Unqualified Herbal Practitioner with Wrong Prescription --- p.61-62
Chapter 4.6.9 --- Interaction with Western medicine --- p.62
Chapter 4.6.10 --- Prolonged Usage --- p.62
Chapter 4.6.11. --- Coexisting disease --- p.62-63
Chapter 4.7 --- Conclusion --- p.63
Chapter Chapter 5 --- "Substitution, Adulteration or Misusing with Toxic Herbs" --- p.64-84
Chapter 5.1 --- Overview --- p.64-65
Chapter 5.2 --- Adulteration by Guijiu --- p.65-68
Chapter 5.3 --- Anticholinergic reactions Caused by
Chapter 5.4 --- Overdosage --- p.74
Chapter 5.4.1 --- Overdose of Aconitine --- p.74-78
Chapter 5.4.2 --- Overdose of Liquorice ('Gancao') --- p.78-80
Chapter 5.4.3 --- Overdose of
Chapter 5.5 --- Misusing - Personal abuse --- p.80
Chapter 5.5.1 ---
Chapter 5.6 --- Discussion --- p.81-84
Chapter 5.7 --- Conclusion --- p.84
Chapter Chapter 6 --- Chinese Patent Medicine - General Aspect --- p.85-112
Chapter 6.1 --- Chinese Patent Medicine --- p.85
Chapter 6.1.1 --- Introduction --- p.85-87
Chapter 6.1.2 --- Herbal Injection and Infusion --- p.87-88
Chapter 6.1.2.1 --- Variety & Processing --- p.88
Chapter 6.1.2.2 --- Stabilization --- p.88-89
Chapter 6.1.2.3 --- The Molecular Size --- p.89-90
Chapter 6.1.3 --- Adverse Reactions Caused by Chinese Proprietary Medicines --- p.90
Chapter 6.1.3.1 --- Aconitine poisoning --- p.90
Chapter 6.1.3.2 --- Nan Lien Chui Fong Toukuwan' --- p.90-91
Chapter 6.1.3.3 --- Jin Bu Huan' --- p.91
Chapter 6.1.3.4 --- Baoyingdan' --- p.91
Chapter 6.1.4 --- Heavy metals in CPM --- p.91
Chapter 6.1.5 --- The Necessarity to Develop Randomise Herbal Clinical Trial. --- p.91-92
Chapter 6.1.6 --- Recommendation --- p.92-93
Chapter 6.1.7 --- Conclusion --- p.93-94
Chapter 6.2 --- Adulteration by synthetic therapeutic substances --- p.95-104
Chapter 6.2.1 --- The Experiences in China --- p.91-99
Chapter 6.2.2 --- The Experiences in Hong Kong --- p.99-101
Chapter 6.2.3 --- The Experience in Taiwan --- p.101-102
Chapter 6.2.4 --- Discussion --- p.102-104
Chapter 6.3 --- Oil of Wintergreen (Methyl salicylate) --- p.104-112
Chapter 6.3.1 --- Overview --- p.104-111
Chapter 6.3.2 --- Prevention --- p.111-112
Chapter Chapter 7 --- Adverse effects of Ginseng. --- p.113-123
Chapter 7.1 --- Overview --- p.113
Chapter 7.2 --- Botany --- p.113-114
Chapter 7.3 --- Pharmacological Effects --- p.114-115
Chapter 7.4 --- Adverse reaction of Ginseng --- p.115
Chapter 7.4.1 --- Overdosage --- p.115-116
Chapter 7.4.2 --- Substitution with cheaper and more toxic herbs --- p.116-121
Chapter 7.5 --- Drug - herb Interaction --- p.121-122
Chapter 7.6 --- Conclusion --- p.123
Chapter Chapter 8 --- Herbal Medicines With Cardiovascular Adverse Reactions --- p.124-123
Chapter 8.1 --- Overview --- p.124
Chapter 8.2 --- Hypertension --- p.124
Chapter 8.3 --- Atherosclerosis --- p.124-125
Chapter 8.4 --- Arrhythmias --- p.125-126
Chapter 8.5 --- Cardic Failure --- p.126
Chapter 8.6 --- Angia Pectoris --- p.126
Chapter 8.7 --- Thromboembolic Disorders --- p.126-127
Chapter 8.8 --- Discussion --- p.127-128
Chapter 8.8.1 --- Herbal Medicine Used in Cardiovascular System --- p.131
Chapter 8.8.1.1 --- Ginseng --- p.131-133
Chapter 8.8.1.2 --- Ma huang (Ephedra sinica) --- p.133-136
Chapter 8.8.1.3 --- Yellow oleander (Thevetia neriifolia) --- p.136-137
Chapter 8.8.1.4 --- Stephania tetrandra --- p.137-138
Chapter 8.8.1.5 --- Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) --- p.138
Chapter 8.8.1.8 --- Ginkgo biloba --- p.138-140
Chapter 8.8.1.9 --- Dong Quai (Angelicae Sinensis) --- p.140-141
Chapter 8.8.1.10 --- Licorice (Glycyrrhiza Glabra) --- p.141-143
Chapter 8.8.1.11 --- Berberine --- p.143
Chapter 8.8.2 --- Potential Problem Caused by Chinese Proprietary Medicine --- p.143-144
Chapter 8.9 --- Other Herbal Adverse Effects And Drug Interaction --- p.144-145
Chapter 8.10 --- Conclusion --- p.145
Chapter Chapter 9 --- Review of the Adverse Reactions to herbal treatments of Obesity --- p.146-150
Chapter 9.1 --- Overview --- p.146
Chapter 9.2 --- Combined With Unknown medication --- p.146-147
Chapter 9.3 --- Dietary Supplements and Herbal Preparations --- p.147-149
Chapter 9.4 --- Conclusion --- p.149-150
Chapter Chapter 10 --- Adverse Effects of CHM used for Diabetes --- p.151-159
Chapter 10.1 --- Introduction --- p.151
Chapter 10.2 --- Traditional Chinese medicine used in Diabetes --- p.151
Chapter 10.3 --- Adverse Reaction of Alternative Diabetic Treatment --- p.152-158
Chapter 10.4 --- Conclusion --- p.159
Chapter Chapter 11 --- Review of Herbal Hepatotoxicity --- p.160-194
Chapter 11.1 --- Introduction --- p.160-161
Chapter 11.2 --- Drug-induced hepatic injury --- p.161-163
Chapter 11.3 --- Types of Liver Injury --- p.163
Chapter 11.3.1 --- Pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) --- p.163
Chapter 11.4 --- Hepatotoxicity Herbs --- p.163
Chapter 11.4.1 --- Tripterygium wilfordii --- p.163-164
Chapter 11.4.2 --- Rhizoma Discoreae Bulbiferae --- p.164-165
Chapter 11.5 --- Consumption of Insect herbs --- p.165
Chapter 11.6 --- Hepatotoxicity Cause by Chinese Proprietary Medicine --- p.165-166
Chapter 11.6.1 --- Jin Bu Huan --- p.166-168
Chapter 11.6.2 --- Chi R Yun (Breynia officinalis) --- p.168
Chapter 11.6.3 --- Sho-saiko-to --- p.168-169
Chapter 11.6.4 --- Shou-Wu-Pian --- p.169-171
Chapter 11.7 --- Importance of Drug-Herb and Herb-Herb Interactions --- p.171-172
Chapter 11.8 --- Diagnosis of Herbal Hepatotoxicity --- p.172-173
Chapter 11.9 --- Recomandation --- p.173-174
Chapter 11.10 --- Conclusion --- p.175
Table --- p.176-180
Chapter Chapter 12 --- Review of Herbal Nephropathy --- p.181-194
Chapter 12.1 --- Introduction --- p.181
Chapter 12.2 --- Aristolochia acids (AA) --- p.181-183
Chapter 12.2.1 --- Intoxication of Aristolochia in Worldwide --- p.183-184
Chapter 12.2.2 --- Morphological findings --- p.184-185
Chapter 12.2.3 --- Carcinogenic --- p.185-187
Chapter 12.3 --- MuTong (Aristolochia manshuriensis) --- p.187-188
Chapter 12.4 --- Ma-dou-ling (Fructus Aristolochiae) --- p.188
Chapter 12.5 --- Tripterygium wilfordii --- p.188-189
Chapter 12.6 --- Gastrodia Elata --- p.189
Chapter 12.7 --- Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) --- p.190-191
Chapter 12.8 --- Hippocampus (Sea Horse) --- p.191
Chapter 12.9 --- Milabris Phanalerata --- p.191-192
Chapter 12.10 --- Chinese Proprietary Medicine --- p.192-193
Chapter 12.11 --- Conclusion --- p.193-194
Chapter Chapter 13 --- Adverse Reaction of Herbal Medicine in Dermatology. --- p.195-217
Chapter 13.1 --- Overview --- p.195-196
Chapter 13.2 --- Chinese Herbal Medicine Used in Psoriasis --- p.196
Chapter 13.2.1 --- Tripterygium wilfordii --- p.197
Chapter 13.2.2 --- Radix Angelicae pubescentis and Radix Angelicae dahuricae --- p.197-198
Chapter 13.2.3 --- Radix macrotomiae seu Lithospermi Injection --- p.198
Chapter 13.3 --- Chinese Herbal Decoction For Atopic Dermatitis --- p.198-200
Chapter 13.3.1 --- Tea Extracts --- p.200-201
Chapter 13.4 --- Potential Adverse Effect with Herbal Medicine --- p.201
Chapter 13.4.1 --- Allergic skin reactions --- p.201-202
Chapter 13.4.2 --- Stevens-Johnson syndrome --- p.202
Chapter 13.4.3 --- Photosensitization --- p.202-204
Chapter 13.4.4 --- Pellagra --- p.204
Chapter 13.4.5 --- Hepatotoxic Effects --- p.204-205
Chapter 13.4.6 --- Others Adverse Reaction --- p.205
Chapter 13.4.7 --- Potential Adverse Reaction Caused by Interactions --- p.205
Chapter 13.5 --- Potential Adverse Reaction Caused by Contamination of Herbal Product --- p.206
Chapter 13.5.1 --- Herbal creams adulterated with corticosteroids --- p.206-207
Chapter 13.5.2 --- Arsenic dermatoses --- p.207
Chapter 13.5.3 --- Mercury poisoning --- p.207-208
Table --- p.208-211
Chapter 13.6 --- Dermatological Adverse Reaction Caused by Herbs --- p.211
Chapter 13.7 --- Contact Dermatitis Caused by CPM --- p.211-212
Chapter 13.7.1 --- Liushenwan' --- p.211-212
Chapter 13.7.2 --- Heiguiyou' --- p.212
Chapter 13.7.3 --- 101 Hair Regrowth Liniment' --- p.212-213
Chapter 13.7.4 --- Zhenggushui' --- p.213
Chapter 13.7.5 --- Tiedayaoiing' --- p.213-214
Table --- p.214-215
Chapter 13.8 --- Non-dermatological adverse effects of systemic herbal treatments used for dermatological conditions --- p.215-216
Chapter 13.9 --- Conclusion --- p.216-217
Chapter Chapter 14 --- "Chinese Herbal Medicine in Pregnancy, Infants & Children," --- p.218-229
Chapter 14.1 --- Overview --- p.218-219
Chapter 14.2 --- Asian Cultures for Pregnancy --- p.219-223
Chapter 14.3 --- Teratogenic Herbs --- p.224-225
Chapter 14.4 --- Chinese proprietary medicines --- p.225
Chapter 14.4.1 --- "“Tse Koo Choy""" --- p.225-226
Chapter 14.4.2 --- "“Lu Shen Wan""" --- p.226
Chapter 14.4.3 --- "“Po Ying Pills""" --- p.226-227
Chapter 14.4.4 --- """Jin Bu Huan Toxicity"" in Children" --- p.227
Chapter 14.6 --- Topical Preparations --- p.227-228
Chapter 14.7 --- Dietary supplement --- p.228-229
Chapter 14.8 --- Conclusion --- p.229
Chapter Chapter 15 --- Heavy metals poisoning in traditional Chinese medicines. --- p.230-251
Chapter 15.1 --- Introduction --- p.230-232
Chapter 15.2 --- LEAD --- p.232
Chapter 15.2.1 --- Overview --- p.232
Chapter 15.2.2 --- Poisoning Cases of Boa Ning Dan --- p.233-235
Chapter 15.2.3 --- Lead Poisoning in Worldwide --- p.235-238
Chapter 15.3 --- MERCURY --- p.238
Chapter 15.3.1 --- Overview --- p.238-239
Chapter 15.3.2 --- Cinnabar --- p.239-240
Chapter 15.3.3 --- Presentation --- p.240-241
Chapter 15.3.4 --- Poisoning Cases --- p.241-242
Chapter 15.4 --- ARSENIC --- p.242
Chapter 15.4.1 --- Overview --- p.242-243
Chapter 15.4.2 --- Arsenic toxicity --- p.243-244
Chapter 15.4.3 --- The toxicologic mechanisms of inorganic arsenic --- p.244-246
Chapter 15.4.4 --- Poisoning Cases --- p.246
Chapter 15.4.5 --- Discussion --- p.247-248
Chapter 15.5 --- Conclusion --- p.248
Table --- p.249-251
Chapter Chapter 16 --- Herb - Drug Interactions --- p.252-269
Chapter 16.1 --- Overview --- p.252-254
Chapter 16.2 --- Effects of Herb-drug interactions --- p.255
Chapter 16.2.1 --- Gastrointestinal system --- p.255-256
Chapter 16.2.2 --- Cardiovascular system --- p.256
Chapter 16.2.3 --- Central nervous system --- p.257
Chapter 16.2.4 --- Endocrine system --- p.257
Chapter 16.3 --- Reason regard to herb-drug interactions --- p.257
Chapter 16.3.1 --- Lack of Knowledge About Herbs --- p.257
Chapter 16.3.2 --- Mislabelling or Adulteration --- p.258
Chapter 16.3.3 --- Lack of Patient Communication About Use of Botanicals --- p.258
Chapter 16.3.4 --- Lack of Practitioner Knowledge About Potential Interactions --- p.258
Chapter 16.4 --- Metabolism of Herb-Drug Interaction --- p.258-259
Chapter 16.5 --- Pharmacologic Interactions --- p.259-260
Chapter 16.5.1 --- Interaction with Antibiotics --- p.260
Chapter 16.5.2 --- Interaction with Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs --- p.260-261
Chapter 16.5.3 --- Interaction with Sedatives --- p.261-262
Chapter 16.5.4 --- Interaction with Anticoagulants --- p.262-263
Chapter 16.5.5 --- Interaction with Anti-hypertensives and Diuretics --- p.263
Chapter 16.5.6 --- Interaction with Spironolactone --- p.264
Chapter 16.5.7 --- Interaction with Corticosteroids and Cyclosporine --- p.264-265
Chapter 16.5.8 --- Interaction with Estrogen Replacement Therapy --- p.265
Chapter 16.5.9 --- Interactions Between Natural Product and Drug --- p.265-266
Chapter 16.6 --- Herb-to-Herb Interactions --- p.266-267
Chapter 16.7 --- Conclusion --- p.268-269
Chapter Chapter 17 --- Recommendation --- p.270-264
Chapter 17.1 --- Overview --- p.270
Chapter 17.2 --- The need to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine --- p.270-271
Chapter 17.3 --- For the Pharmaceutical Industries --- p.211-212
Chapter 17.4 --- For the physicians & patient --- p.272-274
Conclusion --- p.274
Chapter Chapter 18 --- Conclusion --- p.275-280
Chapter Chapter 19 --- Reference --- p.281-306
44
"Effects of Chinese medicine on endothelial dysfunction: studies on acupuncture and herbal medicine." 2014. http://repository.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/en/item/cuhk-1290672.
Full textAbstract:
Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is associated with many cardiovascular conditions including hypertension and hyperhomocysteinemia. The decreased bioavailability of nitric oxide and increased oxidative stress are the hallmarks of ED. Apart from the mainstream Western medicine treatment, Chinese medical interventions have also demonstrated their capacity in dealing with a great variety of cardiovascular conditions. The effectiveness of acupuncture on hypertension has been recognized by the World Health Organization but the underlying mechanisms have hitherto remained largely obscure. A commonly prescribed Chinese herb, the Root of Rhodiola rosea has been used to treatment a wide range of cardiovascular conditions but its effect on ED is also unclear. In this thesis, we have explored the effects and the underlying mechanism of these two important Chinese medical interventions.In the first part, we have performed an acupuncture study on hypertensive animals. Eighteen weeks old adult Wistor Kyoto Rats (WKYs) and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHRs) were divided into WKY control, SHR control, Sham-acupuncture and real acupuncture groups. Electroacupuncture was performed on acupoints ST36 and LR3 in the real acupuncture group for 6 weeks. The blood pressure at the end of the treatment was lowered in acupuncture group when compared with SHR control and sham-acupuncture group. Serum angiotensin II level in SHR controls was higher than that in WKY control and acupuncture treatment significantly attenuated it. Dihydroethidium (DHE) imaging showed that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was reduced in the aortas and carotid arteries of acupuncture treated SHR. Biochemical assays showed that acupuncture inhibited the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity and enhanced antioxidant capacity. In functional studies, the endothelial dependent relaxation of aorta rings and carotid arteries to acetylcholine were improved in acupuncture group. SHRs received acupuncture also expressed a elevation of eNOS and peNOS level and inhibition of nitrotyrosine level in Western blotting assay. The nitrate/nitrite level in aortic tissue was also increased by acupuncture. The findings concluded that one of the possible mechanisms of acupuncture in lowering blood pressure involved the improvement of oxidative stress, nitric oxide bioavailability and endothelium functions.
In the second part, we have studied the effects of salidroside, an active ingredient of the root of Rhodiola rosea with documented antioxidative, antihypoxia and neuroprotective properties on homocysteine induced ED. Functional studies on the rat aortas were performed to delineate the vascular effect of salidroside. Exposure to homocysteine attenuated endothelium-dependent relaxations in rat aortas while salidroside pretreatment rescued it. DHE imaging revealed that salidroside inhibited homocysteine-induced elevation in ROS production in both aortas and cultured endothelial cells. Western blot analysis showed that salidroside increased the phosphorylation of eNOS which was diminished by homocysteine in endothelial cells. Moreover, salidroside inhibited the NOX2 expression which was promoted by homocysteine in aorta tissue. The findings suggested that salidroside was effective in preserving the NO bioavailability and reducing ROS level, thereby protecting against homocysteine-induced impairment of ED.
We have successfully demonstrated the two Chinese medicine modalities, i.e. acupuncture and salidroside, a naturally occurring chemical compound isolated from Rhodiola rosea, delivered beneficial effects on ED, and both of them exert anti-oxidative effects for their action. Our experimental findings have enhanced the prospective of using Chinese medical interventions to manage oxidative stress-associated cardiovascular conditions and also helped put the clinical use of Chinese medical interventions on a more scientific footing.
內皮功能失調與很多心血管系統疾病，包括高血壓和高半胱氨酸過高症有著十分密切的關系，一氧化氮供應減少與氧化應激增加均為這病理現象的一個特徵。除了主流的西方醫學治療方法外，中醫藥也一直表現出對各種心血管系統疾病有著明顯的療效。其中以針灸治療高血壓雖然己被世界衛生組織認可為一有效之療法，然而其療效原理卻並未被完全了解。另外，中草藥當中的紅景天，其對心血管疾病的療效亦非常顯著，唯其對內皮功能失調之影響卻仍有待查証。在這部論文當中，作者將會對以上兩項中醫藥治療方法的原理作出深入探討。
在第一部份的實驗當中，作者對自發性高血壓的大鼠施行了針灸治療。把十八週歲的自發性高血壓大鼠與京都種大鼠分為1)京都種大鼠對照組 2)自發性高血壓大鼠對照組 3)假針組針針刺組。針刺組中所使用的方案乃於足三里和太沖施行為期六週的電針治療。治療後針刺組的血壓相對於高血壓大鼠對照組和假針組均有明顯下降。同時針刺組大鼠血液中的血管緊張素II亦明顯降低。顯微鏡螢光造影發現於主動脈與頸動脈組織中，超氧化因子數量於針刺後均低於另外兩組高血壓大鼠對照組與假針組。另外實驗結果亦發現尼克酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸氧化酶的活動於針刺後下降，而抗氧化總容量則有所提升。另一方面，血管功能測試則顯示在針刺組內，由乙酰胆碱所引發的血管舒張比對照所產生的有所增加。而內皮一氧化氮酶和磷化皮內皮一氧化氮酶於血管中的表達則於針刺治療後有所增加，反觀硝基酪氨酸的含量則於針刺後減少。針刺對於血管組織中的亚硝酸盐/硝酸盐含量均有刺激作用。綜合而言，針刺能透過抑制氧化應激從而增加血管中一氧化氮的含量，最後達至內皮功能改善而降低血壓。
在第二部份，作者對中藥紅景天內其中一種活性成份紅景天苷對半胱氨酸所引起的內皮功能損傷進行研究。血管功能測試顯示半胱氨酸抑制了由乙酰胆碱所引發的血管舒張，而紅景天苷則能有效逆轉該抑制作用。顯微鏡螢光造影則發現紅景天苷能壓制由半胱氨酸所刺激的超氧化因子，另一方面能增加由半胱氨酸所抑制的磷化皮內皮一氧化氮酶的表達。尼克酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸氧化酶為超氧化因子的其中一個主要來源，半胱氨酸被發現會對其當中NOX2亞組的表達有刺激作用，而紅景天苷則能減少其表達。實驗結果顯示紅景天苷對半胱氨酸所引起的內皮功能損傷有顯著保護作用，其原理則與減少氧化因子從而增加一氧化氮的含量有密切關系。
整體而言，本論文成功顯示針灸與紅景天苷兩項中醫藥治療方案均能夠透過抑制超氧化因子而改善內皮功能捐傷。實驗結果加強了中醫藥於治療氧化應激相關的心血管疾病的應用，為中醫藥發展提供堅實的科學基礎。
Leung, Sin Bond.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014.
Includes bibliographical references.
Abstracts also in Chinese.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on 01, November, 2016).
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
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"Immunomodulatory effects and toxicity of mimosa pudica, the sensitive plant." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5887741.
Full textAbstract:
by Cheng Yuk Kwan, Anna.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 104-112).
Acknowledgements
Table of Contents --- p.i
Abbreviations --- p.iv
Abstract --- p.vi
List of figures --- p.ix
List of tables --- p.xi
Chapter Chapter One: --- Introduction
Chapter 1.1 --- Objective and scope of the project --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Literature review of Mimosa pudica
Chapter 1.2.1 --- Morphology of Mimosa pudica --- p.3
Chapter 1.2.2 --- Chemistry of Mimosa pudica --- p.5
Chapter 1.2.3 --- Uses in traditional medicine --- p.5
Chapter 1.2.4 --- Clinical and pharmacological studies of Mimosa pudica --- p.6
Chapter 1.2.5 --- Toxicology of Mimosa pudica --- p.8
Chapter 1.2.6 --- Characteristics and toxicology of mimosine --- p.9
Chapter 1.3 --- Immunomodulation
Chapter 1.3.1 --- Overview of the immune system --- p.11
Chapter 1.3.2 --- Strategies on the study of immunomodulation of Mimosa pudica --- p.13
Chapter 1.4 --- Toxicology
Chapter 1.4.1 --- Principles of the toxicological assays
Chapter 1.4.1.1 --- LD50 --- p.17
Chapter 1.4.1.2 --- Enzyme assays --- p.18
Chapter 1.4.1.3 --- Subacute toxicity test --- p.24
Chapter 1.4.1.4 --- Reproductive toxicity test --- p.25
Chapter Chapter Two: --- Materials and methods
Chapter 2.1 --- Materials
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Mimosa pudica --- p.27
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Animals --- p.27
Chapter 2.1.3 --- Chemicals --- p.28
Chapter 2.2 --- Methods
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Extraction of Mimosa pudica --- p.32
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Assays for the immunomodulatory effects of Mimosa pudica
Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- Cell preparation
Chapter a) --- Splenocytes --- p.35
Chapter b) --- Thymocytes --- p.35
Chapter c) --- Macrophages --- p.36
Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- Splenocyte proliferation --- p.37
Chapter 2.2.2.3 --- Thymocyte proliferation --- p.38
Chapter 2.2.2.4 --- Phagocytic activity of macrophages --- p.39
Chapter 2.2.2.5 --- Release of IL-1 by macrophages --- p.40
Chapter 2.2.2.6 --- Plaque forming cells --- p.41
Chapter 2.2.2.7 --- Restoration on splenocyte blastogenesis of old mice --- p.42
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Assays for the toxicity of Mimosa pudica
Chapter 2.2.3.1 --- LD50 --- p.43
Chapter 2.2.3.2 --- Enzyme assays --- p.43
Chapter 2.2.3.3 --- Subacute toxicity --- p.43
Chapter 2.2.3.4 --- Reproductive toxicity --- p.44
Chapter 2.2.4 --- Statistical analysis --- p.44
Chapter Chapter Three: --- Results
Chapter 3.1 --- Immunomodulatory effects of Mimosa pudica
Chapter 3.1.1 --- In vitro study on the lymphocyte proliferation
Chapter 3.1.1.1 --- Splenocyte proliferation --- p.45
Chapter 3.1.1.2 --- Thymocyte proliferation --- p.50
Chapter 3.1.2 --- In vivo study on the lymphocyte proliferation --- p.53
Chapter 3.1.3 --- Phagocytic activity of macrophages --- p.58
Chapter 3.1.4 --- Release of IL-1 by macrophages --- p.64
Chapter 3.1.5 --- Plaque forming cells --- p.67
Chapter 3.1.6 --- Restoration on splenocyte blastogenesis of old mice --- p.69
Chapter 3.2 --- Toxicity of Mimosa pudica
Chapter 3.2.1 --- LD50 --- p.72
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Enzyme assays --- p.75
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Subacute toxicity --- p.80
Chapter 3.2.4 --- Reproductive toxicity --- p.85
Chapter Chapter Four: --- General discussion on the immunomodulatory effects and toxicity of Mimosa pudica
Chapter 4.1 --- Immunomodulatory effects of Mimosa pudica --- p.88
Chapter 4.2 --- Toxicity of Mimosa pudica --- p.95
Chapter Chapter Five: --- Concluding remarks --- p.99
References --- p.104
Appendix --- p.113
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Yang, Ting-Wei, and 楊婷惟. "Identification of Chinese herbal medicine that stimulates Cisd2 expression." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92006915897580127005.
Full text
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Hsu, Min-Hua, and 徐敏華. "Study of chinese herbal medicine dressings combined with gelatin." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/e6u2h4.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中原大學
生物醫學工程研究所
102
When the skin loses its function to protect by external damage, the exposed surface is at risk of inflammation and infection, therefore the management of wounds is of great importance. This study utilized Chinese medicine Colla Corii Asini which was recorded in the classics of herbal medicine with hemostatic efficacy and a biodegradable material called gelatin, as the basic material of wound dressing. The wound dressing also used the natural medicine of San-Huang (Rhei Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix, Coptidis Rhizoma) and gypsum to replace synthetic chemicals to prepare the dressing for wound healing and applications in research. First, we used the FT-IR and DSC to test the physicochemical properties of mixed material. Then we determined the parameters of blending ratio of the material to produce the wound dressing by Taguchi Methods, and discussed the five different concentration of material (10%，15%，20%，25%，30%), three different blending ratio of Colla Corii Asini with gelatin (70:30，50:50，30:70), respectively. We utilized the experiment of the tensile test, water vapor transmission rate test and contact angle test to choose the best parameter of concentration and blending ratio of material, and used the best parameter to the other experiments which are in progress. Then, we used the wound dressing to encase the San-Huang and gypsum, and through the drug encapsulation efficiency, drug release efficiency and degree of swelling test in order to understand the properties of the drug carrier of wound dressing. Lastly, we studied the cytotoxicity assay and discussed whether the wound dressing had the physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. It is hoped that the wound dressing could provide a suitable environment to accelerate the wound healing. The group adding gelatin, San-Huang extract and plaster in Colla Corii Asini was compared to the group with pure Colla Corii Asini as well as the group with gelatin. In the FT-IR results, no significant change in the absorption peak wavelength of samples in each group. By adding other material, the chemical structure of Colla Corii Asini and gelatin is not affected. Through DSC, adding different herbs can cause a transition in the glass material temperatures that is not in the range of material stability. For molding experimental results, a concentration of 15% to 25% is needed in order to prepare a complete cladding material. Tensile test results showed that the deposited materials can provide ductility in various proportions, in which the concentration of 20% has the highest value of stretching distance (75.82 mm). Experiments also showed that the ratio of gelatin with the stretching distance is positively correlated. For air permeability, the concentration of 25% has better air permeability which is proved by the negative correlation of the gelatin content. Through the above parameter optimization experiments, the materials that were used had a concentration of 20% and 25% for gelatin and gelatin-cum, with a ratio of 50:50 for subsequent experiments. For contact angle test, a concentration of 20% showed a more hydrophilic nature of the angle between 60.44 ° ~ 91.82 °. For coating rate, the concentration of 25% has the highest rate of 90.38% of the cladding. Release rate of 20% concentration experiment places owned 3.84% of the release rate of the best. Swelling ratio test, two experimental groups individually had nearly six times the performance of the original volume. SEM results showed that, the concentration of 20% has 5μm ~ 20μm size of the holes. The MTT results showed that the material concentration of 20% and 25% of the wound dressing material can be a significant proliferation of the cells, which proves it has a good biocompatibility. Taking these experimental results, the materials have good characteristics and potential to become a clinical wound dressing material. Among them, the material having a concentration of 20% of the experimental group has the advantage of greater efficiency. Therefore the role in wound healing of the dressing material is selected as the best application of its concentration. And this dressing material as a practical application of clinical wound dressing materials, we can enhance the property of material and animal/clinical trial in-depth study in the future.
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Hui, Huahg Chiung, and 黃瓊慧. "The Investigation of Learning Program in Chinese Herbal Medicine." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27373419968655292877.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大葉大學
生物科技碩士在職學位學程
103
To improve the status of traditional Chinese medicine pharmacy professional services, and response to the appeal of World Health Organization who should pay attention to traditional medicine and have well management. The government should pay attention to the management policy of medicinal pharmaceutical services, improving the skills of Chinese medicine providers to ensure patient safety. In this study, the western pharmacists major sixteen credits, not pass the national exam of Chinese herb medicine and without sufficient practice who can manage and dispensing the Chinese herb medicine will be explored. So far, the legal Chinese herb medicine personnel, is only Chinese medical doctor, pharmacists. These pharmacists practice in medicine in the past education and training, but they have the dual rights of dispensing Chinese and western medicine. In the absence of comprehensive medicine curriculum planning and professional practice, that will result the shortage of professionals to develop Chinese herb medicine. However, to increase the Chinese professional level of expertise is in order to protect people's safety in using drugs. Therefore, how many credits and the hours of practice in Chinese herb medicine, which can develop a professional practitioners of Chinese herb medicine is the important issue. In the current school system of Taiwan, almost classes of Chinese herb medicine are elective courses, even not open the Chinese herb medicine-related courses. Most of the schools are based on western medicine. In this paper, we wish to explore the curriculums in Taiwan, and make recommendations for the reference to establish professional’s dedicated system of Chinese herb medicine. Key Words: Pharmaceutical Affairs Law, Chinese Medicinal Pharmacist, Pharmacist, Chinese herb medicine.
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Hsieh, Ping-Jung, and 謝秉融. "Development of an Automatic Chinese Herbal Medicine Dispensing System." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11711010665890847346.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
機械工程系
104
The increasingly lack of manpower and mis-operation during dispensation has brought the advent of automatic dispensing systems recently, which focus on western medicine and concentration scientific herbal medicine. Due to its medical efficacy traditional herbal medicine is still preferred for clinical use but manual dispensation requires significant time and manpower. Therefore, this thesis presented an automatic dispensing system for Chinese herbal decoctions. After importing prescription details such as drug name, dosage and weight of each herbal medicine, the system then automatically performs the desired dispensing task. The study adopted machine vision and a robot manipulator to grasp herbal medicine. To improve efficiency and accuracy, a least-square curve fitted equation which relates the grasping weight with gripper width was obtained through iterative training. Dispensing experimental results were conducted to verify the feasibility of the proposed system.
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Hennell, James R. "Quality control methods for herbal medicine : a multifaceted approach." Thesis, 2012. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/525222.
Full textAbstract:
The past decade has seen an unprecedented growth in the popularity of complementary medicines in Western countries. As the popularity of complementary medicines continues to grow, serious concerns have been raised about their quality and safety. Herbal medicine quality control (QC) and assurance (QA) poses a great challenge, as the large assortment of complex chemicals and the compositional variation found within herbal mixtures makes analysis especially difficult. Here, the two commonly used paradigms for herbal quality assessment; the compound- and pattern-based approaches are examined using model systems. The compound-based paradigm focuses on the quantitative analysis of one or more chemical constituents of an herb or formulation in order to ensure quality and hence product consistency. The complex nature of the 13-herb Endoherb formulation made it an exemplar model for assessing this approach. The methodology used in this study demonstrates how the systematic QC and QA of a complex herbal mixture can be carried out using a logical and systematic method for the selection of the analytes, and then developing a method for their sensitive, specific and accurate analysis. Several methods of analysis including high-performance liquid chromatography (LC) with photodiode array (PDA) and mass spectrometric (MS) detection, as well as gas chromatography (GC) with MS and flame ionisation detection (FID) were employed for the specific analysis of the selected analytes based on factors such as their polarity, volatility and presence of a chromophore. Sample preparation is rapid and simple, utilising sonication as the extraction method. The results show that increasing the organic modifier in the extraction solvent, even for predominantly polar analytes can increase the analyte extraction efficiency. The pattern-based method compares the chromatographic profile of the extract of a new batch with that of a target or reference batch. Combined with new genetic and pharmacological methods of analysis, the pattern-based approach can be an important addition to the characterisation of herbal authenticity and quality, especially in regards to the quality of the raw materials. E. arvense was used as a model to observe the effect of worldwide cultivation on phytochemical profile, genomic profile and pharmacological activity. LC-MS was shown to provide excellent sensitivity, resolution, and reproducibility for the chemical characterisation of the E. arvense extracts. Chromatographic pre-processing of LC-MS profile data using the statistical software 'R' was necessary for subsequent statistical analysis as the instrumental contribution to the profiles made the detection of peaks cumbersome and the statistical inferences inaccurate. The novel use of k-nearest neighbour analysis combined with principal component analysis allowed for an objective classification of sample grouping. Chemical measurement of the antioxidant capacity of the E. arvense extracts provided a basic and preliminary way to establish quality standards of pharmacological equivalence. Importantly, the results indicate that the implied biological effect of the extracts is not reflected in their chemical profile. Finally, DNA barcoding using the loci rbcL and matK was successfully used to authenticate the raw materials.