Relevant bibliographies by topics / Herbage production

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Academic literature on the topic 'Herbage production'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Herbage production"

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Frame, J., P. Newbould, and J. M. M. Munro. "Herbage production from the hills and uplands." BSAP Occasional Publication 10 (1985): 9–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00030718.

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AbstractThe hills and uplands lie within the poorer ‘less favoured’ soil and climatic areas which account for almost 10 M ha of the UK's 19 M ha of agricultural land. Rough grazing comprises 6 M ha. Dry matter (DM) production from native hill swards, governed by soil type, climate and species composition, typically ranges from 1 to 5 t per ha, and is highly seasonal. The best grade of native hill sward is the bent-fescue (Agrostis/Festuca) association. Upland permanent pasture sward production is strongly influenced by the proportion of perennial ryegrass and level of fertilizer N input; typically, DM production ranges from 3.5 to 91 per ha.Constraints to herbage production include acid soils, impeded drainage and shortage of major plant nutrients particularly N and P. Deficiencies of some major nutrients and of trace elements in the plants can consequently have serious implications for livestock performance. Relationships among trace elements are particularly complex. The climate is severe and highly variable, with low temperatures, exposure to wind, high rainfall and frequent winter frosts being notable features. Bracken, rush, gorse, broom and scrub woodland communities are special vegetation problems which adversely affect pasture production and utilization.Specific improvement techniques for the differing soil type — plant community associations are available but economic considerations are important when making the choice and deciding on the extent of improvement. Addition of lime and fertilizers, and the introduction of improved grass species and white clover, are the keys to enhanced sward production and quality. Maintenance of soil fertility is essential to ensure continued production. White clover is particularly important for animal nutrition and for its ability to contribute to available soil N via rhizobial N fixation. However, fertilizer N has a role in strategically extending the grazing season and for intensifying winter feed production (silage or hay) from suitable land; silage offers the better option.
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Valkama, Elena, Perttu Virkajärvi, Risto Uusitalo, Kari Ylivainio, and Eila Turtola. "Phosphorus fertilization and herbage production in Finland." Suomen Maataloustieteellisen Seuran Tiedote, no. 30 (January 31, 2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.33354/smst.75310.

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The herbage yield responses to phosphorus (P) fertilization show large variation and, unlike to cereals, initial soil test P (STP) does not always predict such variation. By using meta-analysis, we reviewed quantitatively 38 Finnish field experiments related to the effects of P fertilization on herbage dry matter (DM) yields in the 1960s – 2000s. The current meta-analysis has several advantages over other type of research aiming to summarize the effect of P fertilization on herbage production. It involves large number of studies, diversity of soils and cultivation zones, and it enables to highlight the sources of variation in responses across the studies. Along with clay and coarse-textured mineral soils, we observed 20 studies on organic soils, whereas previous European and Canadian studies on the same topic involved mostly mineral soils. Moreover, we developed yield response models for different soil textures and initial STP levels. The summarized effect of P fertilization (mean 50 kg P ha-1) on DM yields was 13% over the control (N and K fertilization) with large variation across the studies from –10% to 70%. The major sources of variation were soil texture, soil acidity (for organic soils), initial STP and the yield level in control. For example, the yield response was three times larger on organic soils than on clay or coarse-textured mineral soils. Moreover, the yield response was double on slightly acidic organic soils (29%, n = 8) compared to that on moderately acidic ones (15%, n = 11). Thus, for acidic organic soils, even with low STP, P fertilization may be practically useless until the soils are first limed. Meta-regression proved that generally the responses reduced with increasing initial STP across the studies and reached zero at high STP (PAc, 21 mg l-1). However, in some studies with high control yields, no responses were observed even at low STP, since the responses decreased linearly with increasing control yields. Finally, the responses did not statistically differ between the cultivation zones, cut frequency, decades, or between the studies having different duration of experiments. Variation in herbage yields that is often observed in P fertilizer experiments is only partly related to increasing P rates, but also other factors should be taken into account. Further studies should address to the role of, e.g., soil structure in yield development, as it is evident that additional relevant explanatory variables would be needed to adequately explain the variation in herbage yields.
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Smith, R. G., and R. D. J. Mather. "Marketing herbage seeds." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 3 (January 1, 1985): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.3.1985.3309.

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One of the most underrated factors in our pastoral development has been the humble seed. Rarely recognised, it has made a significant contribution in allowing farmers to increase production within the wide range of climatic and fertility environments encountered in our country. But now, the quality of New Zealand pastures is becoming internationally recognised and has been one of the main contributing factors in the development of our country, together with the drive and competence of our farming fraternity and the abundant use of fertiliser.
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Roche, J. R., L. R. Turner, J. M. Lee, D. C. Edmeades, D. J. Donaghy, K. A. Macdonald, J. W. Penno, and D. P. Berry. "Weather, herbage quality and milk production in pastoral systems. 4. Effects on dairy cattle production." Animal Production Science 49, no. 3 (2009): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea07310.

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Prevailing weather conditions are one factor that influences herbage growth and quality, and therefore may have a substantial impact on animal production. The objective of the present study was to quantify the associations between weather, herbage quality and mineral concentration, and animal production. Daily weather data and weekly records of herbage quality and mineral concentration, as well as dairy cattle production, were available from a research farm and nearby weather station across the years 1995 to 2001, inclusive. Animal production variables of interest included individual cow milk production and composition, body condition score, and liveweight, as well as group herbage dry matter intake. Results indicate moderate relationships between some weather- and herbage-related variables and dairy cattle production variables, although most relationships appeared to be an artefact of temporal variation, as evidenced by weakening of correlations following adjustment for animal parity, stage of lactation, and week of the year at calving. Prior to adjustment for the confounding factors, the negative associations between milk yield and all temperature-related variables (r = –0.46 to –0.34) were most notable. Following adjustment for time of year, milk yield became positively associated with sunlight hours (r = 0.14). Negative relationships were demonstrated between temperature-related variables and milk protein concentration (r = –0.08), regardless of time of year. Milk protein concentration was positively associated with herbage metabolisable energy content (r = 0.06), water-soluble carbohydrate (r = 0.11), and organic matter digestibility (r = 0.06) concentrations, and negatively associated with ether extract (r = –0.07), acid detergent fibre (r = –0.06), and neutral detergent fibre (r = –0.05) concentrations. Weather, herbage quality and mineral concentration explained up to 22% more variation in dairy cattle production variables over and above farmlet and time of year, with a greater effect on dry matter intake than the other production parameters.
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Phillips, C. J. C., P. C. Chiy, and J. A. Avezinius. "The effects of sodium and sulphur fertilizers on dairy cow production." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1995 (March 1995): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030822960002794x.

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Fertilisers are usually evaluated by their effects on herbage DM yield and occasionally herbage composition. Rarely are the effects on animal production considered, even though there is evidence for example that increasing the sodium (Na) contents of herbage can increase the milk yield of dairy cows (Chiy and Phillips, 1991), and that dietary sulphur (S) contents in excess of l-2g/kg DM will lead to reduced intake and productivity in ruminants (Raisbeck, 1982). In the UK the use of sulphur fertilizer is widely advocated, since herbage growth is often restricted by deficiency now that industrial emissions have been reduced. Sulphur fertilizer increases herbage S content, but Na fertilizers can affect herbage S content and S utilization by ruminants (Chiy et al., 1994). The effects of Na and S fertilizers were therefore studied with particular emphasis on herbage composition and dairy cow production.
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Williams, A. J. "The Efficiency of Wool Production." Outlook on Agriculture 15, no. 3 (September 1986): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072708601500307.

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The efficiency of wool production – which in the context of this review means largely the production of fine wool in Australia, the largest grower – depends on local conditions and management systems. The main factors, other than genetic, are climatic and edaphic; the proportion of herbage utilized by the sheep; and the proportion of ingested herbage converted into wool.
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STOUT, DARRYL G., and B. BROOKE. "TILLER PRODUCTION OF GRAZED AND CLIPPED PINEGRASS." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 67, no. 2 (April 1, 1987): 503–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps87-071.

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The effects of intensive herbage removal by either grazing or clipping on yield of pinegrass (Calamagrostis rubescens Buckl.) the following year were compared. Both treatments had a similar effect on the subsequent year yield of pinegrass. During the season of treatment, grazing stimulated new tiller production whereas clipping did not. This new tiller production may partially compensate for the fact that grazing removes additional herbage owing to pull-up. In 1 of 2 yr, grazing on about 1 June caused less stand deterioration than grazing near 1 July or 1 Aug.Key words: Pinegrass, herbage removal, tiller, grass, tillering, total nonstructural carbohydrate
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HOPKINS, A., J. GILBEY, C. DIBB, P. J. BOWLING, and P. J. MURRAY. "Response of permanent and reseeded grassland to fertilizer nitrogen. 1. Herbage production and herbage quality." Grass and Forage Science 45, no. 1 (March 1990): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1990.tb02181.x.

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Baoyin, Taogetao, Frank Yonghong Li, Qinghai Bao, Hugjiltu Minggagud, and Yankai Zhong. "Effects of mowing regimes and climate variability on hay production of Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvelev grassland in northern China." Rangeland Journal 36, no. 6 (2014): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj13088.

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Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvelev grassland is the most widely distributed native steppe vegetation type suitable for haymaking in the semiarid pastoral regions of north-east Asia. The long-term effects of four mowing regimes (mowing once a year, twice a year, once every 2 years and twice every 3 years), and climatic variability on the hay production from L. chinensis grassland were investigated using permanent plots over 27 years. The results showed that (i) the overall cumulative annual herbage production over the 27 years was the highest under ‘mowing once a year’, and ‘mowing twice a year’ did not produce any significant change in the amount of harvested herbage; (ii) mowing induced a reduction in herbage production mostly in the first couple of years, and the reduction was larger under frequent than less frequent mowing. The annual herbage production in harvest years was higher under less frequent mowing (once every 2 years, or twice every 3 years) than that under annual mowing, but the higher herbage production in harvest years under less frequent mowing could not compensate for the herbage not made into hay in the years without harvest; (iii) annual herbage production generally increased with annual precipitation, but the response of annual herbage production to precipitation was best described by quadratic (instead of linear or logarithmic) equations, which suggested a decline in annual herbage production under the highest annual precipitation in the region, and the relationships stood under different mowing regimes; and (iv) an analysis of hay yield and quality, and costs of the mowing operation, showed that the haymaking from L. chinensis grassland was financially viable as long as the herbage production was not extremely low under drought. It is concluded that the best practice for haymaking from L. chinensis grassland should be based on the rule of ‘mowing once a year’ in high-production years and grazing in low-production years; and a light grazing early in the season may increase hay quality mowed in the autumn if the grassland grows well early in the season in high-production years.
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Liu, Xing-peng, Ji-quan Zhang, Wei-ying Cai, and Yu-long Bao. "Estimating the insurance rates for loss of annual production of grass herbage associated with natural disasters in China." Rangeland Journal 37, no. 2 (2015): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj14040.

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Grasslands in many parts of China are vulnerable to natural disasters which can bring large economic losses to pastoralists. As an effective method to manage the risk, insurance has gradually become an important means used in the management of grassland disasters. Because of insufficient statistical data on annual production of grass herbage, insurance-rate-making has become the core challenge in grassland insurance programs in China. Taking Xilingol League in Inner Mongolia as the study area, by analysing the correlations of different vegetation indices with annual production of grass herbage, a spatial Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) based insurance rate was estimated for the loss of annual production of grass herbage in three steps: (i) the annual NDVIs in mid-to-late August were obtained using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) products and, applying a relationship developed between remote-sensing data and measured grass herbage mass, annual production of grass herbage was estimated, (ii) the Relative Fluctuation Production (RFP) was estimated from trend and fluctuating data on the annual production of grass herbage, and (iii) applying kernel density estimation, the insurance rate of loss of annual production of grass herbage was calculated based on the RFP in each cell of the study area. This approach to estimating the insurance rate for loss of annual production of grass herbage associated with natural disasters can improve the ability of pastoralists to manage their grasslands more effectively.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Herbage production"

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Danby, Sharon. "The effect of slurry and dirty water application to herbage on herbage production, dairy cow productivity and behaviour." Thesis, University of Reading, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266044.

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Wallau, Marcelo Osório. "Modeling the dynamics of herbage production and intake in complex grasslands." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/164622.

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Studies in grassland management and ecology have always been challenging because of the large amount and great variation of the entities representing and affecting the system. Despite that, we were able to progress significantly in range experimentation in the Campos, in Southern Brazil. Along past thirty years, a large amount of data and information was generated, from vegetation production to components of intake. In an attempt to integrate the information available, seeking for a deeper understanding of the functioning of native grasslands, we propose adapting a mechanistic vegetation model, aggregated of a spatialized grazing component to create PampaGraze. This model was developed for temperate perennial grasslands, and was adapted and tested for subtropical, C4-dominated grasslands of the Campos of Southern Brazil (Chapter III). Despite the limited capacity of field data for validating, the model was able to relatively well simulate the trends in vegetation production along the year and seasons, while overpredicting herbage production during peak growing season. The structure of the model as it is did not allow for an accurate simulation slow-growing, tussock-forming species. Further, we developed and integrated a grazing model, based on a hybrid approach of the classical mechanistic equations of the prey model (STEPHENS & KREBS, 1986), and experimental data on foraging behaviour measured on native grasslands (Chapter IV). The model was very successful on predicting the components of intake, and responded well to variation of components in relation to changes in vegetation and to selectivity pressures, compared to available literature. Regardless of the limitations on the vegetation model, we were able to further explore the relationships of components of intake, identifying possible major limitations for herbage consumption, thus animal performance, in native grasslands. A significant progress was achieved with this thesis, but still long ways to go with this project. A list of suggestions for further developments can be found in Chapter V. We identified the emergent needs for field studies on parameters and morphogenesis, for improving predictions of the vegetation model, as well as structural points of the model that could be addressed for better representation of natural phenomena. This thesis is the first step towards a more detailed and reliable tool for studying and predicting the behaviour of vegetation dynamics and animal production in sub-tropical grasslands. This can allow us to explore relationships and scenarios beyond our experimental capacity, and investigate the connectivity of the system, as well as each mechanism separately. The stage has been set, awaiting further developments.
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Hobbs, Trevor J., and n/a. "Herbage production modelling and assessment in the arid rangelands of Central Australia." University of Canberra. Applied Science, 1994. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060725.143830.

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The management and sustainable use of Central Australian rangelands for livestock production and conservation requires improved knowledge of the temporal and spatial distribution of primary production in this region. To provide such information, this thesis investigated methods that could rapidly and efficiently estimate regional herbage biomass production in these arid landscapes. Two different approaches were examined, using (1) ground-based or (2) satellite-based data sources. Soil moisture and herbage growth data were collected over several growth seasons and five landscape types in Central Australia, and the data used to develop a model of soil moisture balance and herbage production for the region. The model has few parameters and only requires inputs of rainfall and potential evaporation to predict daily soil moisture and plant growth. Moisture loss in the 0-500 mm soil profile was modelled using a negative exponential function that depends on available soil moisture and is driven by potential evaporation. The growth of herbage, whilst soil moisture is above wilting point, is a linear function of actual evapotranspiration, with the decay of plant material represented by a logistic curve through time. Soil moisture, herbage biomass and species composition assessments made at hectare and square kilometre scales at four locations within Central Australia were examined to determine if a small sample area could be used to accurately describe the soil and plant conditions at a landscape scale. Moisture levels of the 0-200 and 0-500 mm soil profiles from nine samples were analysed for the beginning and conclusion of a growth season, whilst herbage biomass and species composition from 50 samples were compared at the end of the growth season. Results suggest that mean soil moisture levels determined in a 1 ha area are comparable with mean values in the surrounding 1 km2 area. Herbage biomass and species richness for a square kilometre can be assessed at a hectare site for some landscape types, but a larger sampling area (> 1 ha) is recommended for most rangeland assessments. Satellite data (NOAA-11) were examined for their potential application in assessing primary productivity in Central Australia. Several image correction techniques were tested to minimise the adverse effects of atmospheric contamination and illumination. Two measures of atmospheric moisture: (1) radiosonde data and (2) temperature differences between bands 4 and 5 of the NOAA satellite (split-window) were used to explain variations in NOAA-11 normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) on inert desert sites. The splitwindow approach provided the best single factor relationship (r2=0.63) and, when combined with scattering angle (illumination) effects, up to 81% of the variation in NDVI data could be explained. Field measurements of herbage biomass were correlated with four growth indices derived from NOAA-11 NDVI data. The influence of preflight and sensor degradation calibrations of Bands 1 and 2, and atmospheric correction techniques were also tested. Correlations between temporal sums of NDVI and herbage biomass data were relatively poor (r2<0.42) and unsuitable for herbage assessment in Central Australia. However, correlations between atmospherically corrected and background-adjusted maximum NDVI data and observed herbage biomass were strong (r2=0.91), that will allow primary production in the arid rangelands of Central Australia to be assessed rapidly and efficiently using remotely-sensed information.
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Bailey, J. S. "Evaluation of the lime requirements of some soils for grass production." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379218.

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Armendariz-Yanez, Ivan Rene. "Indigenous fodder legume trees : their influence on soil fertility and animal production on tropical pastures of Yucatan, Mexico." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285231.

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Razmjoo, Ghalaie Khorshid. "Effect of potassium, sulfur, boron, and molybdenum fertilization on alfalfa production and herbage composition /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487260859495673.

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Nhlengetfwa, Melusi. "A mathematical model of browse and herbage production in communal grazing lands of semi-arid regions." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26527.

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The main purpose of this work is to extend an existing model of growing cattle and grass production in a semi-arid rangeland.The existing model which is basically Dye's (1983) model in differential equation form handles: i) the growth and performance of cattle measured in terms of weight, ii) the initiation of grass growth in early rainy season and its utilisation by the cattle . This model is being extended to simulate woody plants in addition to the grass and to simulate browsing by goats. The densities of vegetation and the stocking rates of both types of animals are being considered. Our model (SAVANNAS) will predict animal productivity in relation to rainfall and density of woody plants (or vegetation condition). A rainfall data file is being used to generate rain which divides into infiltration and run-off. Athough generally dry, semi-arid regions are agriculturally productive, more especially in terms of animal products. An understanding of the climatic conditions by the farmers is all what it takes. It is unfortunate that in these regions, rainfall, being the main driving force behind animal productivity, is unreliable in that it varies both within and over the years. It is in this regard, therefore, that models be built to simulate semi-arid environments. Such models, when run for several (semi-arid) representative rainfall years could be used by farmers. For instance, a model like SAVANNAS will be run for three rainfall years namely 1980/81, 1981/82 and 1982/83, which, respectively represent: very high, about average and very low rainfall (by semi-arid standards). SAVANNAS simulates processes that operate on widely different time scales. The growth and consumption of herbage and leaves and twigs of woody plants are modelled on a daily basis, while the numbers and ages of woody plants are updated every 120 days. The year is divided into four seasons, with the rainy season beginning in September and initiating herbage re-growth. SAVANNAS simulates herbage biomass, which means it allows the re-establishment of the previous year's grass plants . It divides woody plants into age cohorts with the first cohort being seedlings mainly, and the last cohort being adult trees which are usually out of the browsing range of herbivores. It is a model that has a focus on the effects of vegetation (woody plants and grass) on each other and the effects of the animals on vegetation and viceversa. Without overlooking their effects on vegetation production, fires are not considered in SAVANNAS. This is because in communal lands heavy grazing does not allow the accumulation of sufficient dry herbage for fuel.
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Hao, Jun [Verfasser]. "Influence of grazing system on herbage production and animal performance in the Inner Mongolian steppe, China. / Jun Hao." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2013. http://d-nb.info/103119066X/34.

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Roman, Juliano. "Relação planta-animal em diferentes intensidades de pastejo com ovinos em azevém anual (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2006. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10895.

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This work aimed to evaluate the utilization of different grazing intensity on the productive and structural characteristics of pasture and on the ingestive behaviour and performance of sheep in continuous grazing. The treatment were different herbage masses (HM) in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) pasture: LHM: 1000-1200 kg/ha of dry matter (DM); IHM: 1400-1600 kg/ha DM; HHM: 1800-2000 kg/ha DM. The experimental design was the randomly complete, with three treatments and two area replicates. The data were submitted at the regression analysis in function of HM observed in the experimental units: 1136.8, 1190.9, 1359.2, 1375, 1556 e 1739.1 kg/ha DM. The values of leaf lamina mass, pseudostem mass, forage allowance, leaf lamina allowance, sward height, pseudostem height, leaf lamina depth and average daily gain increased linearly with increase of HM (P<0.10). Quadratic effect (P<0.10) in herbage production, herbage losses and herbage disappearance were observed. The stocking rate (kg/ha of live weight and hoggets/ha) and bite rate decreased linearly with increase of HM (P<0.10). No HM effects (P>0.10) on the tiller population density, herbage daily accumulation rate, percentage of pasture utilization, herbage intake, grazing time, ruminating time, idle time, number of daily bite, bite mass, body condition score gain, live weight gain per area and conversion efficiency of forage in live weight were observed. Herbage mass varying among 1136.8 a 1739.1 hg/ha DM in Italian ryegrass pasture affect the herbage production and herbage losses, without influence in the percentage of pasture utilization, weight gain per area and conversion efficiency of forage in animal product. The main factor determining individual performance of animals is the leaf lamina layer depth
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a utilização de diferentes intensidades de pastejo sobre as características produtivas e estruturais da pastagem e sobre o comportamento ingestivo e desempenho de ovinos em pastejo contínuo. Os tratamentos foram diferentes massas de forragem (MF) em pastagem de azevém anual (Lolium multiflorum Lam.): MFB: 1000-1200 kg/ha de matéria seca (MS); MFI: 1400-1600 kg/ha MS; MFA: 1800-2000 kg/ha MS. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos e duas repetições de área. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de regressão em função das MF observadas nas unidades experimentais: 1136,8, 1190,9, 1359,2, 1375, 1556 e 1739,1 kg/ha MS. Os valores de massa de lâminas foliares e de pseudocolmo, oferta de forragem e de lâminas foliares, altura de dossel e de pseudocolmo, profundidade de lâminas foliares e ganho médio diário aumentaram linearmente com aumento da MF (P<0,10). Houve efeito quadrático (P<0,10) para produção, perdas e desaparecimento de forragem. A carga animal (kg/ha PV), taxa de lotação (borregas/ha) e taxa de bocadas diminuíram linearmente com o aumento da MF (P<0,10). Não houve efeito das MF avaliadas (P>0,10) na densidade populacional de perfilhos, taxa de acumulação diária de forragem, porcentagem de utilização da pastagem, consumo de forragem, tempos de pastejo, ruminação e ócio, número diário de bocadas, massa de bocado, ganho de condição corporal, ganho de peso vivo por área e eficiência de conversão de forragem em peso vivo. Massas de forragem variando de 1136,8 a 1739,1 kg/ha MS em pastagem de azevém afetam a produção e perdas de forragem, sem influenciar a porcentagem de utilização da pastagem, o ganho de peso vivo por área e a eficiência de transformação da forragem em produto animal. O principal fator determinante do desempenho individual dos animais é a profundidade da camada de lâminas foliares
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Anindo, David Owino. "Effect of milking and post calving supplementation on the performance and herbage intake of different crossbred beef cows and their calves in a semi-arid area of Kenya." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.277278.

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The effects on production of milking grazed crossbred cattle (32, 53 and 74 cow and heifer dams in experiments 1, 2 and 3 in 1986, 1987 and 1988 respectively) with or without a dietary supplement (2kg dairy meal daily for 3 to 4 months post-partum) were studied in a semi-arid area of Kenya. During the second and third trials, half the calves from the milked and also the unmilked groups were creep fed for 4 months commencing approximately 1 month from birth. Herbage dry matter intake was determined four times during the wet and dry seasons between November 1988 and May 1989, and the deterministic model and computer program of the bioenergetic system of lactating and pregnant cattle of Bruce et al (1984) used to examine the performance of the crossbred cows, and to evaluate its potential applicability. The respective mean extracted milk yields over a six month lactation were 670.6, 414.4 and 371.2 kg for the milked and supplemented (MS) groups, and 563.4, 398.4 and 331.1 kg for the unsupplemented (MNS) groups during experiments 1, 2 and 3 (P> 0.05). Mean daily calf growth rates were affected by milk offtake (P< 0.05). They were respectively, 0.52, 0.48, 0.79 and 0.71 kg during experiment 1; 0.64, 0.61, 0.72 and 0.72 kg during experiment 2; and 0.59, 0.57, 0.66 and 0.66 kg during experiment 3 for the milked (MS and MNS) and the control groups (not milked and supplemented, NMS and the not milked and not supplemented, NMNS). Overall, post-partum supplementation improved dam liveweight gain (P< 0.05) but milk extraction tended to reduce it (P> 0.05). Similarly, calving indices were improved by supplementation while the effect of milking was inconsistent. Both creep feeding of the calves and beef genotypes of the dams were not significant (P> 0.05) factors affecting performance. Similarly, body condition scores (1 to 9 score scale) ranged between condition score 4 and 5 for all treatments. The respective mean daily dry matter intakes were 8.5 and 8.2 during the wet, and 8.6 and 8.2 kg during the dry periods; and the corresponding dry matter digestibilities were 0.72 and 0.74 in the wet, and 0.67 and 0.62 during the dry periods. The discrepancies between observed and predicted values of milk (energy), though not for liveweight, were small, consequently, with a few refinements the bioenergetic model may find a useful role in cattle production systems in the semi-arid tropics. It was concluded that the offtake of milk from suitable crossbred cattle in the semi-arid areas may be increased without significantly reducing offtake of slaughter animals.
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Books on the topic "Herbage production"

1

Sanderson, H. Reed. Responses of herbage and browse production to six range management strategies. [Portland, Or.] (319 S.W. Pine St., P.O. Box 3890 Portland 97208-3890): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1990.

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Mitchell, John E. An evaluation of herbage and browse production estimators used in the 1980 RPA assessment. Fort Collins, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1985.

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E, Mitchell John. An evaluation of herbage and browse production estimators used in the 1980 RPA assessment. Fort Collins, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1985.

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E, Mitchell John. An evaluation of herbage and browse production estimators used in the 1980 RPA assessment. Fort Collins, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1985.

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Jansen, Tineke M. The influence of white clover cultivar and organic manure treatment on early spring herbage production. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1995.

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French, Patrick G. The effects of concentrate level and system of herbage allowance on beef production in the autumn. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1998.

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Nepi, Chiara, and Enrico Gusmeroli, eds. Gli erbari aretini da Andrea Cesalpino ai giorni nostri. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-803-1.

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The production of this book has been made possible by the collaboration of a number of scholars and the generosity of the Arezzo Provincial Authority. It provides detailed descriptions of the contents of precious botanical collections amassed by natives of Arezzo, or simply conserved in institutions situated within the territory. The book provides an overview of both herbals of dried plants and painted herbals from the sixteenth century up to the present, starting from the one created in 1563 by the Arezzo doctor Andrea Cesalpino. The first herbal in the world to be organised through systematic criteria, this collection is now in the Botanical Section of the Florence University Museum of Natural History, together with another small eighteenth-century herbal produced by a pharmacist from Cortona, Agostino Coltellini. Conserved in Cortona itself is another eighteenth-century herbal, this one painted by Mattia Moneti, while in Castiglion Fiorentino and Poppi respectively are the intriguing collections of the Hortus siccus pisanus (18th century) and of the Biblioteca Rilliana (late 17th century). Also described in the book is a herbal from the Convent of La Verna (18th century) and the Egyptian herbal of Jacob Corinaldi (19th century), conserved in Montevarchi. Finally there are also the modern herbals, illustrating the continuity over time of a practice that is the foundation of all systematic study. The book is in fact rounded off by an anastatic reprint of the description of the Cesalpino herbal published in 1858, which is still a seminal work for studies such as those contained in this collection.
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The Chinese medicinal herb farm: A cultivator's guide to small-scale organic herb production. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green Pub., 2011.

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9

Vaitkus, Milda R. Effect of western juniper on understory herbage production in Central Oregon. 1986.

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Stacy, Pease, and Rocky Mountain Research Station (Fort Collins, Colo.), eds. Mesquite removal and mulching impacts on herbage production on a semidesert grass-shrub rangeland. Fort Collins, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Herbage production"

1

Dahl, Bill E., and Ronald E. Sosebee. "Impact of Weeds on Herbage Production." In Noxious Range Weeds, 153–64. New York: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429046483-14.

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Grant, Sheila A., and John Hodgson. "Grazing Effects on Species Balance and Herbage Production in Indigenous Plant Communities." In Grazing Research at Northern Latitudes, 69–77. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5338-7_7.

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Lantinga, E. A., J. A. Keuning, J. Groenwold, and P. J. A. G. Deenen. "Distribution of excreted nitrogen by grazing cattle and its effects on sward quality, herbage production and utilization." In Animal Manure on Grassland and Fodder Crops. Fertilizer or Waste?, 103–17. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3659-1_7.

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Passey, H. B., V. K. Hugie, and Erasmus W. Williams. "Herbage Production and Composition Fluctuations of Natural Plant Communities as Related to Climate and Soil Taxonomic Units." In Forage Plant Physiology and Soil-Range Relationships, 206–21. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/asaspecpub5.c17.

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Kalra, Anup, K. Ravikanth, and M. J. Saxena. "Herbals for Animal Health and Better Production." In New Age Herbals, 409–35. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8291-7_19.

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Turkyilmaz, C. "Effect of galactagogue herbal tea on breast milk production." In Handbook of dietary and nutritional aspects of human breast milk, 615–30. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-764-6_36.

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Alamgir, A. N. M. "Cultivation of Herbal Drugs, Biotechnology, and In Vitro Production of Secondary Metabolites, High-Value Medicinal Plants, Herbal Wealth, and Herbal Trade." In Progress in Drug Research, 379–452. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63862-1_9.

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Bora, Ajitabh, Hemanta Kumar Gogoi, and Vijay Veer. "Molecular Farming for Production of Biopharmaceuticals and Edible Vaccines in Plants." In Herbal Insecticides, Repellents and Biomedicines: Effectiveness and Commercialization, 205–16. New Delhi: Springer India, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2704-5_11.

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Jeannet, Jean-Pierre, Thierry Volery, Heiko Bergmann, and Cornelia Amstutz. "Leveraging Local Competitiveness." In Masterpieces of Swiss Entrepreneurship, 235–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65287-6_22.

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AbstractHow do SMEs, competing for global export markets, remain competitive when operating, to a large extent, from Switzerland, one of the world’s most expensive countries? Data compiled annually by the IMD World Competitive Report document that the cost of a single hour of labor in Switzerland is one of the highest in the world, while at the same time productivity per hour is also one of the highest, partially mitigating any cost disadvantage. Ricola, the herbal candy maker, serves as an example of a highly automated production practice that many companies have adopted.
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Alamgir, A. N. M. "Biotechnology, In Vitro Production of Natural Bioactive Compounds, Herbal Preparation, and Disease Management (Treatment and Prevention)." In Progress in Drug Research, 585–664. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92387-1_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Herbage production"

1

Teberdiev, Dalhat, Anna Rodionova, and Sergey Zapivalov. "HERBAGE COMPOSITION WITH REGULAR APPLICATION OF FERTILIZERS." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2020-24-72-19-23.

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The role of the level of intensification on the composition of the herbage in the long-term research of the Institute is determined. Based on the analysis of the results of long-term use of herbage on sod-podzolic soils under different conditions of the nutritional regime, the regularity of the formation of various types of herbage is established. In the absence of top-dressing and when using low doses of fertilizers, pasture-type herbage is formed with the predominance of grass-roots types of grasses. Highly productive grass of the haymaking type is preserved against the background of the use of a complex of fertilizers with a nitrogen dose of more than 90 kg/ha.
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Smirnova, Anna. "INFLUENCE OF MINERAL AND ORGANIC FERTILIZER SYSTEMS ON PRODUCTIVITY OF LONG-TERM PASTURE HERBAGE." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2020-24-72-39-43.

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The results of research conducted on a long-term cultural pasture, used without re-grazing the grass for grazing production herds since 1935. The use of mineral and organic fertilizers on this herbage makes it possible to ensure an uninterrupted supply of high-quality green mass in the spring and summer period and to preserve mainly cultivated grasses in the herbage, which are well eaten by cattle.
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Solozhentseva, Lyudmila. "Fungal diseases of alfalfa in the non-chernozem zone of Russia and plant resistance to them." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2021-25-73-31-35.

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The article shows the importance of alfalfa for agriculture, presents the results of long-term observations (phytomonitoring) of the development of fungal diseases on the herbage of alfalfa variable, yellow (in breeding, control nurseries, competitive variety testing).
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Privalova, Kira, and Ruslan Karimov. "Energy potential festulolium herbage with short-term and long-term use." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2021-25-73-101-105.

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The studies for the period 2004–2017, he reveals a high energy potential of pasture herbage technologies, created on the basis of domestic varieties of Festulolium VIK 90 at 6-and 14-year-old terms of use. The ratio of anthropogenic and natural factors in the production of pasture feed is given. At the same time, the leading role of renewable natural factors has been revealed: they account for 66–71% of the structure of metabolic energy production.
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Zhezmer, Natalya. "Economic efficiency of creation and long-term use of different-ripening grass stands for hay harvesting." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2021-25-73-81-86.

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Based on the improved methodology, an economic assessment of the mowing technology for hay harvesting is given. The total cost (44.8–47.5 thousand rubles/ha) for the creation of early and medium-mature long-term herbage with the dominance of rhizomatous grasses paid off in 1.6–1.8 years. In the next 25 years, annual production costs amounted to 20.1–21.6 thousand rubles/ha with the cost of 1 feed unit of 5.1–5.6 rubles and a conditional net income of 15.1–20.1 thousand rubles/ha.
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Zolotarev, Vladimir. "BIOLOGICAL JUSTIFICATION OF METHODS FOR HARVESTING SEED GRASSES." In Multifunctional adaptive feed production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2020-22-70-78-90.

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The analysis of the main reason for the loss of the birdsfoot trefoil seed yield — destruction of beans. It was found that the biological yield of seeds reached its maximum values in the range of 308–320 kg/ha when 69–93% of the beans were browned, or 35–50 days after the beginning of flowering. The optimal period of direct threshing with pre-desiccation of the herbage with Reglon Super at a dose of 4 l / ha is a period of Browning of about 70% of the beans. This ensures the highest actual seed harvest of 191–206 kg/ha.
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Zolotarev, Vladimir. "Efficiency of fertilizer application on seed stands of birdsfoot trefoil." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2021-25-73-50-58.

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On sod-podzolic medium-loamy soils of the Central Non-Chernozem region of Russia with an average availability of mobile forms of phosphorus and an average close to low potassium content, high efficiency of using potash fertilizer together with phosphorus on birdsfoot trefoil seed crops was established. Effective doses of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers, providing an increase in seed yield in the first year by 42–47% and, according to the aftereffect, in the second year by 17–33%, are the application of P30–60K90–120. Keywords: Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), seed herbage, phosphoric and potash mineral fertilizers, yield, seeds, sowing qualities.
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Kutuzova, Anel, Elena Provornaya, Ekaterina Sedova, and Nadezhda Tsybenko. "EFFICIENCY OF LEGUME-GRASS STANDS WITH USING NEW VARIETIES TO CREATE CULTURAL PASTURES IN THE NON-CHERNOZEM ZONE." In Multifunctional adaptive feed production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2020-22-70-5-13.

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Based on the analysis of the results of a 5-year field experiment to study the effects of species and cultivars of white clover (VIC 70 and Lugovik), red clover (Tetraploidny VIC and Veteran), alfalfa common (88 Pasture and Agnes) pro-conducting for periods (1–2, 3–4 and 5 years of use) the influence of weather conditions, the years of life herbs, part legume component in the herbage yield, content of total and biological nitrogen in the aboveground mass, the concentration of metabolizable energy in the feed. Set the efficiency of the reception of pre-inoculated seed complementary strains of nodule bacteria in nitrogen and savings acquisition costs of mineral nitrogen fertilizers (at modern prices).
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Korovina, Valentina, Nikolay Kozlov, and Tamara Komkova. "CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WILD SAMPLES OFTIMOTHY-GRASS (PHLEUM PRATENSE L.)." In Multifunctional adaptive feed production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2020-22-70-65-69.

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The research was carried out in the field at the Central experimental base of the Federal Williams Research Center. The object of research was 13 samples of timothy-grass. Samples were sown according to the scheme of a standard collection nursery. All studies and observations were carried out on the herbage of the 2nd and 3rd year of life. Statistical processing of the research results indicates a low level of variation. The sample № 414 stood out high content of raw protein and raw fat. Two significant correlations were found (between the content of phosphorus and potassium, as well as between crude fiber and crude ash). Analysis of remoteness and kinship between samples showed the presence of 5 clusters (genetically different quality groups), which can be used for breeding for combinational ability and fixing of breeding-valuable features and properties.
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Kokunova, I. V. "IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF ROLL HAYLAGE PRODUCTION." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS Volume 2. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.2.352-354.

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Harvesting hay feed in rolls Packed in a polymer film allows not only to reduce the loss of nutrients, but also to get high-quality food, regardless of weather conditions. The effectiveness of this technology depends primarily on the timing of harvesting of the herbage, which type and brand of baler, modes of formation of the bales in the bale chamber, and the nature of the processes occurring in the rolls after packing them in foil. The paper presents research data on roll haylage, which was prepared in adverse weather conditions.
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Reports on the topic "Herbage production"

1

Sanderson, H. Reed, Thomas M. Quigley, and Arthur R. Tiedemann. Responses of herbage and browse production to six range management strategies. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-rp-419.

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Pease, Stacy, Peter F. Ffolliott, Gerald J. Gottfried, and Leonard F. DeBano. Mesquite removal and mulching impacts on herbage production on a semidesert grass-shrub rangeland. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-rp-59.

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