Relevant bibliographies by topics / Hepatitis viruses Transmission

Academic literature on the topic 'Hepatitis viruses Transmission'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Hepatitis viruses Transmission"

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W Smith, David. "Sexual transmission of hepatitis viruses." Microbiology Australia 28, no. 1 (2007): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma07019.

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Hepatitis viruses are often not perceived as sexually transmitteddiseases, but sex is an extremely important mode of transmission worldwide for hepatitis B, and it plays a significant role for hepatitis C, hepatitis A and hepatitis D.
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Shapiro, Craig N. "Transmission of Hepatitis Viruses." Annals of Internal Medicine 120, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-1-199401010-00014.

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Khaertynov, Kh S., V. A. Anokhin, and E. R. Nizamova. "Clinical and epidemiological features of neonatal hepatitises." Kazan medical journal 93, no. 6 (December 15, 2012): 921–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj2107.

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Neonatal hepatitis is one of the most actual problems of children under 6 months of age. The term «neonatal hepatitis» includes infectious liver injury which develops in antenatal period or occurrs during first 3 months of life. The most common causes of liver damage in newborns are viral infections including cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, enteroviruses, parvoviruses, hepatitis B and C viruses. Nowadays the most frequent perinatal infection is cytomegalovirus (1-2% of all newborns). It manifests clinically in 10-15% of cases, with liver involved in 40-63,3% of cases. Mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis B and C viruses is usually intranatal, transplacental transmission is rare. Mother-to-infant transmission of other hepatotropic viruses (A, D and E) is very rare. A number of hereditary diseases associated with metabolic disorders (amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, bile acids) and enzyme deficiencies (arginase deficiency, hemochromatosis), etc. can mimicry the clinical picture of neonatal hepatitis. Liver damage can be the only manifestation of perinatal infection (hepatitis B and C, herpes viruses) or come along with other organ damage (generalized herpes virus infection, bacterial infections, toxoplasmosis). Perinatal hepatitis B and C are usually chronic. Neonatal hepatitis caused by herpes simplex virus is usually an acute, possibly fulminant infection. Neonatal hepatitis caused by cytomegalovirus has a variety of clinical subtypes: from a non-jaundice type (with a good prognosis) to a cholestatic form (with possible formation of biliary atresia and liver cirrhosis). Thus, different neonatal hepatitises have their particular features. Wide spectrum of laboratory tests available nowadays allows to define the exact reason for neonatal hepatitis and its clinical course.
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Klimov, V. A. "Enteric hepatitis." Spravočnik vrača obŝej praktiki (Journal of Family Medicine), no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-10-2301-01.

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Viral hepatitis is an extensive group of human diseases caused by viruses with tropism to liver damage, which leads to a liver function disorder. There are various ways of viral hepatitis transmission, but the main ones are enteral and parenteral. Hepatitis with a predominantly enteral route of transmission includes hepatitis A and E. Methods for diagnosing and treating this pathology are presented in the article.
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Stevens, Cladd E. "In Utero and Perinatal Transmission of Hepatitis Viruses." Pediatric Annals 23, no. 3 (March 1, 1994): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0090-4481-19940301-08.

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Cretel, Elodie, Rémi N. Charrel, Michel Rotily, Sylvette Rousseau, Jean François Cantaloube, and Xavier de Lamballerie. "Co-transmission of hepatitis C and G viruses." Journal of Hepatology 27, no. 2 (August 1997): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8278(97)80193-6.

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Lin, Ho-Hsiung. "Perinatal Transmission of Hepatitis Viruses: The Possible Mechanisms." Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 43, no. 1 (March 2004): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1028-4559(09)60045-0.

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Kayesh, Mohammad Enamul Hoque, Michinori Kohara, and Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara. "Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Acute Viral Hepatitis in Bangladesh: An Overview." Microorganisms 10, no. 11 (November 15, 2022): 2266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10112266.

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Viral infections by hepatotropic viruses can cause both acute and chronic infections in the liver, resulting in morbidity and mortality in humans. Hepatotropic viruses, including hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis D virus (HDV), and hepatitis E virus (HEV), are the major pathogens that cause acute and chronic infections in humans. Although all of these viruses can cause acute hepatitis in humans, HAV and HEV are the predominant causative agents in Bangladesh, where the occurrence is sporadic throughout the year. In this review, we provide an overview of the epidemiology of hepatotropic viruses that are responsible for acute hepatitis in Bangladesh. Additionally, we focus on the transmission modes of these viruses and the control and prevention of infections.
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Singh, S. "Sexual co-transmission of HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C viruses." Sexually Transmitted Infections 76, no. 4 (August 1, 2000): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sti.76.4.317.

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Tokur, Bahar, and Koray Korkmaz. "Seafood associated human pathogenic non-enveloped viruses." Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 38, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.38.2.16.

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Non-enveloped human pathogenic viruses, highly stable in the environment, can be transmitted by different routes, such as contaminated food and water. The waterborne transmission of non-enveloped viruses to humans causes illnesses when individuals are exposed to contaminated water resources such as agricultural water, drainage, outdoor water, field or subsurface water and even drinking water. In addition to waterborne transmission, viral foodborne transmission may consist because of contagious seafood, through infected food handlers due to inadequate hygienic activities, aerosol containing viruses produced by infected people. Most hazardous non enveloped enteric viruses assocated with water and seafood cause a significant and emerging food safety and public health problem and threat. In this review, norovirus (NoVs), hepatitis E virus (HEV) and hepatitis A (HAV), human adenovirus, rotavirus A and sapovirus are evaluated as seafood associated human pathogenic non-envoleped viruses.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hepatitis viruses Transmission"

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Cossaboom, Caitlin Marie. "Discovery of Novel Strains of Animal Hepatitis E Viruses in the United States: Antigenic and Genetic Characterization, Cross-Species Infection, and Public Health Implications." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77998.

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an important human pathogen, with pigs and likely other animal species serving as natural reservoirs. There are currently four recognized HEV genotypes that infect humans within the genus Hepevirus of the family Hepeviridae. Genotypes 1 and 2 are human viruses that are associated with waterborne and fecal-oral transmission in developing countries, while genotypes 3 and 4 have been identified in humans and other animal species and are zoonotic and endemic in both industrialized and developing countries. In my dissertation research, we identified the first strain of HEV from rabbits in the United States. We subsequently determined the complete genome sequence of the virus. Phylogenetic analyses of the full-length sequence indicated that U.S. rabbit HEV is a distant member of the zoonotic genotype 3, thus raising a potential concern for zoonotic infection. In order to investigate the cross-species potential of rabbit HEV, we then determined its antigenic cross-reactivity with other animal strains of HEV. Additionally, we demonstrated that the novel rabbit HEV could cross species barriers and infect pigs under experimental conditions. Finally, we attempted to determine the risk factors and sources of foodborne HEV infection in the United States. We detected HEV for the first time from non-liver pork commercial products in the United States and demonstrated consumption of undercooked meat a risk factor for HEV infection. HEV sequences of genotype 3 origin were detected from pork products purchased from grocery stores in Southwest Virginia. Approximately 6.3% (21/335) of university students tested seropositive for HEV antibodies and, importantly, those with a history of consuming undercooked meats were 13 times more likely to be seropositive. These results further underscore the importance of cooking pork thoroughly and using proper hygiene when preparing meals.
Ph. D.
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Kavaka, Evniki. "Medical students acting as health educators :the influence on adolescents' knowledge about HIV/Hepatitis B transmission, as well as attitudes, beliefs and intentions towards condom use." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1268_1194348373.

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The aim of this quasi-experimental study was to examine the impact of a health education intervention on knowledge about HIV/Hepatitis B transmission, attitudes, beliefs and intentions towards condom use. Research has shown tht small group discussion, single sex groups, age proximity of health educators, and HIV prevention integrated in the broader sexual health context, increased the effectiveness of health education with regard to safer sexual practices.

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Ngui, Siew Lin. "Molecular analysis of hepatitis B virus transmission events." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299915.

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Passini, Sione Souza Santos. "Prevalência de infecção pelo vírus da hepatite C (VHC)em gestantes e transmissão materno-infantil." Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, 2012. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/7151.

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Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio (fiscina@bahia.fiocruz.br) on 2013-10-15T16:15:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Sione Passini Prevalência de infecção... 2013.pdf: 2410664 bytes, checksum: 9fd8b1765a81738455f4e2fc95fd769a (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2013-10-15T16:15:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sione Passini Prevalência de infecção... 2013.pdf: 2410664 bytes, checksum: 9fd8b1765a81738455f4e2fc95fd769a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil
A transmissão materno-infantil (TMI) do vírus da hepatite C (VHC) ocorre em 4%-13% das gestações quando a mãe é infectada, e poucos estudos de prevalência foram realizados em gestantes no Brasil. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar a prevalência de infecção e fatores associados à presença de infecção pelo VHC em gestantes, e determinar a taxa de TMI do VHC. O estudo foi realizado em Salvador, no período entre Maio de 2009 e Abril de 2011, na Maternidade Referência Professor José Maria Magalhães Netto. Todas as voluntárias que assinaram ao TCLE, tiveram seus prontuários revisados e tiveram amostra de soro coletada para a realização do teste rápido anti-VHC (Bioeasy), ELISA 3ª geração (Artech), e detecção do VHC-RNA Qualitativo e Quantitativo (AMPLICOR HCV TESTE, ROCHE versão 2.0). Em uma subamostra de gestantes selecionada aleatoriamente, realizouse entrevista para analisar fatores sócio-demográficos e de exposição ao VHC não disponíveis nos prontuários. A análise estatística descritiva e de associação foram realizadas utilizando o programa EPI Info 3.5.3 (CDC, Atlanta, GE, EUA). Foram incluídas no estudo 3.049 gestantes, sendo que 8 (0,26%; IC 95%: 0,12%-0,50%)foram soropositivos para o anti-VHC pelo ELISA e 6 (0,20%; IC 95%: 0,08%-0,41%) confirmaram viremia. Todos os VHC genotipados pertenceram ao genótipo 1, 1a ou 1b. Os principais fatores associados à infecção materna pelo VHC foram uso de drogas, tatuagem, e infecção por HIV (p < 0,05). Das 6 gestantes com HCV positivo, 2 (33,3%; IC 95%: 6,0%-73,8%) transmitiram o HCV para seus filhos. Em um dos casos de TMI, a mãe relatou ter feito uso de drogas injetáveis e inaláveis durante a gestação, possuía tatuagem e era portadora do HIV sob tratamento antiretroviral. O recém-nascido (RN) nasceu com idade gestacional (IG) de 38 semanas através de parto cesariano eletivo. No outro caso, a mãe relatou uso de drogas injetáveis e inaláveis, possuía piercing e tatuagem, mas não foi portadora de HIV. O RN nasceu com IG de 39 semanas, através de parto normal, com tempo de ruptura da bolsa de 15 horas. Concluímos que a prevalência de infecção pelo VHC entre gestantes é baixa quando comparada à da população em geral na mesma localidade, sendo associado a uso de drogas e tatuagem. A taxa de TMI do VHC encontrada foi maior do que o esperado. Assim, estudos mais amplos serão necessários.
The mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) occurs in 4%- 13% of pregnancies when the mothers are infected and very few studies were conducted to determine the HCV prevalence in pregnant women in Brazil. The aim of this work was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of HCV infection in pregnant women, and the rate of the MTCT of HCV. It was conducted in Salvador, between March 2009 and April 2011, at the maternity hospital Prof. José Maria Magalhães Netto. All volunteers signed to informed consent, their medical records were reviewed and serum samples were collect for screening anti-HCV antibody by a rapid anti-HCV testing (Bioeasy), ELISA 3rd generation (Artech), and HCV-RNA qualitative and quantitative detection (AMPLICOR HCV TEST, ROCHE version 2.0). In a randomly selected pregnant women subsample, interviews were made to evaluate socio-demographic and exposure factors for HCV, not available in the records. The descriptive and association statistical analysis were performed using Epi Info 3.5.3 (CDC, Atlanta, GE, USA). The study included 3.049 pregnant women, 8 (0.26%; 95% CI: 0.12%-0.50%) were anti-HCV positive by ELISA and 6 (0.20%; 95% CI: 0.08%-0.41%) confirmed viremia. All genotypes HCV belonged to genotype 1, 1a or 1b. Injection and inhaled drug use, tattoo and piercing were the most important associated factors for the mother infection. Out of the 6 HCV infected mothers, 2 (33.3%; 95% CI: 6.0%-73.8%) transmitted HCV to their newborns. In one of the cases of MTCT, the mother reported to injection and inhaled drug user during pregnancy, had tattoo and was HIV carrier held under antiretroviral therapy. The newborn was born at gestational age (GA) 38 weeks by elective cesarean section. In the other case, the mother was also injection and inhaled drug user, had piercing and tattooing. Her newborn was born at GA 39 weeks by normal delivery, and time of rupture of membranes was estimated to be 15 hours. We conclude that the prevalence of HCV infection among pregnant women was lower than the prevalence in the general population in the same locality, been associated to drug use and tattoo. The rate of MTCT of HCV was higher than expected. Thus, larger studies are required.
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Pembrey, Lucy Jane. "Mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis C virus : a European epidemiological collaboration." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429494.

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Crossan, Claire Louise. "Hepatitis E virus : its impact and route of transmission in developed countries." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.726758.

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Protopapas, Stella A. B. A. "Mother to Child Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus in the Greater Cincinnati Area." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin154392119827537.

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BORTUZZO, THIERRY. "Etude de la transmission verticale du virus de l'hepatite c." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CLF1MS23.

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Feagins, Alicia R. "Foodborne Transmission and Molecular Mechanism of Cross-species Infection of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV)." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77266.

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV), the causative agent of hepatitis E, is an emerging virus of global distribution. At least four distinct genotypes of HEV exist worldwide: genotype 1 and 2 HEV strains are responsible for waterborne epidemics; genotype 3 and 4 HEV strains are responsible for sporadic occurrences of acute hepatitis E. Genotype 3 and 4 HEVs are zoonotic and have a more expanded host range than genotypes 1 and 2 which are restricted to humans. Genotype 3 and 4 HEV isolates obtained from animal tissues are genetically very similar, or identical in some cases, to human HEV recovered from hepatitis E patients. The objectives of this dissertation research were to assess the zoonotic foodborne transmission of HEV and elucidate the viral determinants of HEV host range. To determine the risk of HEV foodborne transmission, 127 packages of commercial pig liver were tested for HEV RNA. Eleven percent of them were positive for HEV RNA and the contaminating virus remained infectious. We also demonstrated that medium-to-rare cooking condition (56°C) does not completely inactivate HEV, although frying and boiling of the contaminated livers inactivated the virus. To reduce the risk of foodborne HEV transmission, commercial pig livers must be thoroughly cooked for consumption. To determine the host range of genotype 4 HEVs, pigs were inoculated with a genotype 4 human HEV. All pigs developed an active HEV infection indicating that genotype 4 human HEVs can cross species barriers and infect pigs. To identify viral determinant(s) of species tropism, ORF2 alone or in combination with its adjacent 5′ junction region (JR) and 3′ non-coding region (NCR), were swapped between genotypes 1 and 4, 3 and 4, and 1 and 3 to produce 5 chimeric viruses. Chimeric viruses containing ORF2 or JR+ORF2+3' NCR from genotype 4 human HEV in the backbone of genotype 3 swine HEV were viable in vitro and infectious in vivo. Chimeric viruses containing the JR+ORF2+3'NCR of genotypes 3 or 4 HEV in the backbone of genotype 1 human HEV were viable in vitro but non-infectious in pigs, suggesting that ORF1 may also be important for host range.
Ph. D.
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David, Xavier Richard. "Transmission familiale du virus de l'hépatite C : à propos de 213 individus représentant 88 familles." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11190.

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Books on the topic "Hepatitis viruses Transmission"

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Great Britain. Expert Advisory Group on AIDS. Guidance for clinical health care workers: Protection against infection with HIV and hepatitis viruses. London: H.M.S.O., 1990.

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C. L. van der Poel. Hepatitis C virus: Studies on transmission and epidemology. Amsterdam: Babeliowsky, 1991.

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Goh, K. T. Epidemiology and control of hepatitis B virus infection in Singapore. Tokyo: Southeast Asian Medical Information Center, 1992.

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Health Care-Associated Transmission of Hepatitis B and C Viruses. Elsevier - Health Sciences Division, 2010.

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Wilson, Deanna. Hepatitis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199976805.003.0035.

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Hepatitis A (HAV) and E (HEV) viruses are spread via the fecal-oral route. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) exposure is via occupational or recreational activities. Hepatitis D virus (HDV; also spread parentally) can only coinfect or superinfect those with chronic HBV. Hepatitis C (HCV) transmission is predominantly parenteral; the highest risk group is injection drug users. Prodromal-period patients with acute hepatitis present with vague constitutional symptoms when serum transaminases peak, with elevated serum bilirubin and varying levels of hepatic protein synthesis impairment; during the icteric phase, patients develop abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, and jaundice. Acute hepatitis has limited therapy; treatment is predominantly supportive. However, most adults with acute phase HAV, HBV, HDV, and HEV spontaneously clear the virus. Most individuals with HCV develop chronic hepatitis. Patients with known HAV, HBV, or HEV exposures may be eligible for post-exposure prophylaxis to reduce their risk of infection.
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Krain, Lisa J., and Kenrad E. Nelson. Hepatitis E Virus. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190604813.003.0006.

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) poses serious risks to pregnant women and their developing fetuses, including increased risk of pregnancy loss, stillbirth, preterm delivery, and early infant death. Supportive care is currently the standard treatment for pregnant women with HEV infection, but in some cases, ribavirin treatment or early delivery may be indicated. Infants born with acute HEV infection face increased risk of complications and death. Intensive monitoring and support may be required in the neonatal period, particularly for preterm infants. Infants who survive the early neonatal period are likely to recover fully and clear the virus. Immunoassays and molecular methods for diagnosis of HEV have improved markedly over the past decade. New HEV vaccines may provide an opportunity to prevent both maternal illness and mother-to-child transmission (vertical transmission) (MTCT).
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Beattie, R. Mark, Anil Dhawan, and John W.L. Puntis. Hepatitis C. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569862.003.0058.

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Epidemiology 424Risk of transmission 424Clinical features 424Specific viral tests 425Diagnosis of HCV infection in infants born to HCV +ve mother 425Management 425• Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an RNA virus of the flaviviride family.• More than 150 million people are infected with HCV worldwide....
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Kourtis, Athena P., Shruti Chandramouli, Gonzague Jourdain, and Marc Bulterys. Hepatitis B Virus. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190604813.003.0004.

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the most common cause of chronic viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma in the world. Worldwide, more than 250 million people are chronically infected with HBV, causing nearly 780,000 deaths each year, and mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) accounts for more than one-third of chronic HBV infections. Universal vaccination in neonates is the most effective strategy for eliminating infections worldwide. Maternal antiviral treatment during the antepartum/postpartum period for mothers with high HBV viral loads is effective in preventing HBV MTCT. Full immunization coverage is currently the only way to reach the goal of eradicating HBV infection. Operational research and, in some resource-limited settings, international funding may be essential to bring the vaccine where neonates and infants need it, including remote locations where home births are common. Continued improvements in the coverage and timeliness of HBV vaccination and education of clinicians about its importance are needed.
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Honegger, Jonathan R. Hepatitis C Virus. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190604813.003.0005.

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An estimated 185 million individuals have been infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) worldwide. Although often clinically silent for decades, chronic HCV infection predisposes to late-onset complications, including liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HCV affects approximately 5% of children born to viremic mothers and is the primary route of HCV infection in young children. While some vertically acquired HCV infections are resolved during the first years of life, many persist indefinitely. Chronically infected children tend to be asymptomatic and have mild liver disease, but they face a risk of progression to advanced liver disease in adulthood. Current diagnostic and management strategies leave most infected children undiagnosed and untreated. Widespread use of newly-available direct-acting antiviral therapies has the potential to substantially reduce the global burden of HCV, including vertically acquired HCV, but an effective vaccine likely will be required to achieve this ultimate goal.
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Hepatitis C. Virus: Studies on Transmission and Epidemiology. C.L. Van Der Poel, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Hepatitis viruses Transmission"

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Kurstak, Edouard. "Hepatitis C and hepatitis E viruses: epidemiology and transmission." In Viral Hepatitis, 181–84. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-4437-4_21.

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Kurstak, Edouard. "Epidemiology and transmission of hepatitis A virus." In Viral Hepatitis, 38–43. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-4437-4_6.

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Kurstak, Edouard. "Hepatitis B virus: epidemiology, transmission and carrier state." In Viral Hepatitis, 83–92. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-4437-4_11.

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Geng, Yansheng, and Youchun Wang. "Transmission of Hepatitis E Virus." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 89–112. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-0942-0_6.

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Ohno, Tomoyoshi, M. Mizokami, J. Y. N. Lau, Y. Ina, E. Orito, K. Suzuki, K. Ohba, N. Mizoguchi, and T. Gojobori. "Sexual Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus." In Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease, 455–58. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68255-4_116.

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Alter, Harvey J. "Transmission Patterns in Hepatitis C Virus Infection." In Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease, 445–49. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68255-4_114.

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van der Poel, C. L., and F. Ebeling. "Hepatitis C Virus: Epidemiology, Transmission and Prevention." In Current Studies in Hematology and Blood Transfusion, 208–36. Basel: KARGER, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000060480.

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Nagata, Ikuo, Toshiyuki Iizuka, Yuichiro Harada, Takayoshi Okada, Ryu Matsuda, Yuji Tanaka, Kaname Tanimoto, and Kazuo Shiraki. "Prospective Study of Mother-to-infant Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus." In Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease, 468–70. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68255-4_119.

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Ercilla, M. Guadalupe, Claudia Fortuny, Ana Roca, Raquel Celis, Oriol Coll, Aureli Torné, Cristina Gil, et al. "Mother-to-Infant Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus—A Prospective Study." In Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease, 474–77. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68255-4_121.

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Shiraki, Kazuo. "Vertical Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus and its Prevention in Japan." In Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease, 530–32. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68255-4_138.

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Conference papers on the topic "Hepatitis viruses Transmission"

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Schimpf, Kl, H. H. Brackmann, D. Bock, G. Landbeck, E. Lechler, and H. Vinazzer. "NO ANTI-HIV SEROCONVERSION AFTER REPLACEMENT THERAPY WITH STEAM-TREATED FACTOR VIII CONCENTRATE. A STUDY OF 60 PATIENTS WITH HEMOPHILIA A AND VON WILLEBRAND'S DISEASE." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644054.

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Transmission of hepatitis viruses and HIV has proven to be a risk of replacement therapy. Since Dec. 1983 factor VIII concentrates in which viruses are inactivated by steam-treatment (Factor VIII TIM 3 or S-TIM 3) are available for therapy. As they are manufactured by 80% from US plasma it was necessary to prove that they do not transmit HIV. For ethical reasons it is not possible to treat control groups of patients with non-virus- inactivated concentrate. Non-transmission of HIV can, therefore, only be proven if anti-HIV seroconversion does not occur in larger groups of patients treated with this type of product. We collected data from 60 patients, who were “virgin” (24) or, if pre-treated, anti-HIV seronegative. Therapy with Factor VIII TIM 3 or S-TIM 3 was started between Sept. 1984 and April 1986. The median length of observation till the last anti-HIV testing was 12 (6 - 24) months. The median total dosage of Factor VIII was 56,500 (500 - 427,500) IU, the median patient age was 20 (1 - 61) years. In none of the patients anti-HIV seroconversion (ELISA test) was observed. According to the rule ofthree the upper 95% confidence limit for random sample of 60 cases with zero events would be 3/60 or 5%.
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Pasi, K. J., and F. G. H. Hill. "NO EVIDENCE OF HEPATITIS OR HIV TRANSMISSION IN VIRGIN HAEMOPHILIC BOYS TREATED WITH BRITISH HEAT TREATED FACTOR VIII CONCENTRATE (8Y)." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643972.

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HIV and hepatitis virus transmission is of major concern with factor VIII therapy. Non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANBH) has a near 100% incidence in patients previously treated with unheated large pool factor VIII concentrates. NHS heated high purity factor VIII concentrate (8Y) undergoes severe protracted heat treatment of the freeze dried concentrate theoretically sufficient to inactivate hepatitis viruses as well as HIV. Infusions of 22 different batches of 8Y have been given to 18 children with haemophilia A (10 virgin patients; 8 who had only received single donor cryoprecipitate) have been treated for up to 18 months. Regular testing for viral antibody seroconversion and biochemical liver enzymes have been made. None had had clinical or biochemical evidence of liver disease prior to the commencement of 8Y therapy. All these boys were immunized with HBVax at the time of the first treatment with 8Y and were HIV antibody negative.Liver function tests were to be performed monthly but due to patient non-compliance this was only achieved in 60% of patients.All patients receiving 8Y have remained anti-HIV seronegative. Only the virgin patients can be considered suitable for evaluation with regard to the transmission of NANBH. These boys by this time have received multiple batches of 8Y (mean 5 batches, range 1 to 14). In only 1 patient has an isolated rise in aspartate transaminase (AST) been noted (AST 27 to 131 IU/1) 6 weeks aftertreatment with a new batch, but no rise in alanine transaminase (ALT) or clinical evidence of liver disease was found. Viral serology was performed. AST returned to normal within 12 days.This batch was received by 3 of the virgin and 2 of the previously cryoprecipitate treated boys. All these 5 boys who were exposed to the suspect batch had normal liver enzyme levels when measured within 4-6 weeks of exposure.Of the 10 virgin patients receiving multiple batches of 8Y a transient rise in AST but with no rise in ALT has only been noted in 1 patient. In the absence of firm biochemical evidence of liver disease NANBH is an unlikely cause. Lack of transaminase rises in other virgin patients strengthens this assunption. We conclude that 8Y reduces the incidence of NANBH and HIV transmission.
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Seidl, S. "SCREENING PROCEDURES TO PREVENT TRANSMISSION OF HEPATITIS B, NON-A,NON-B, AND AIDS BY BLOOD TRANSFUSION." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644753.

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Although the number of infectious agents capable of being transmitted through blood and blood products is vast, only a few cause problems in recipients of a magnitude which warrants the need for screening tests. The most important agents are Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis non-A,non-B (HNANB) - agents causing posttransfusion hepatitis (PTH) and the human immundeficiency viruses (HIV) responsible for transfusion associated AIDS (TAA).PTH: Prospective studies in open-heart-surgery patients demonstrated a high prevalence (8-17%) *in Spain, Italy, the United States and Israel whereas low percentages (2-5%) were observed in Australia, Finland and West-Germany. Among haemophiliacs acute and chronic hepatitis is a rather frequent complication. Serologic markers of HBV infection have been observed in the majority of patients. Since HBsAg screening has been introduced most cases of PTH (>90%) are due to infection with HNANB-agents. For this type of hepatitis no specific assay exists. It has been suggested that surrogate tests (ALT, anti-HBc screening) might serve as interim screening measure. In prospective studies in the USA a correlation has been observed between donor ALT and recipient hepatitis, but not more than 30% of PTH can be prevented at a loss of 1,5 to 3,0% of the donor population. Similar data have been reported when blood donors were screened for anti-HBc. There was a significantly higher incidence of PTH in recipients receiving at least one unit of anti HBc positive blood. This was recently confirmed in a study in which patients received blood with ALT-levels below 30 IU/ml. The incidence of HNANB was 2,1% after transfusion with anti HBc negative blood whereas 10,1% developed HNANB when anti HB positive blood was transfused (P=< 0.0001). However, these two markers (ALT, anti HBc) do not identify the same NANB carrier population. - ALT screening and testing for anti-HBc have been recently instituted in the USA as “surrogate tests” for detecting HNANB carriers.TAA: Among the total number of AIDS cases there ist a small percentage caused by transfusion of blood and blood products. In the USA approximately 2% of TAA have been reported, 1 % of AIDS patients are haemophiliacs but the majority of haemophiliacs are HIV-antibody positive. According to a survey of the Council of Europe (March 1986) the percentages of HIV positive European haemophiliacs varies between 4 to 8% (Belgium, Norway) and 30 to 60% in other European countries. The number of TAA-cases is around 1%, AIDS among European haemophiliacs has been observed up to 5% of the total AIDS cases. - Screening for HIV antibodies in blood donors was introduced in most European countries and the USA in early summer 1985, but several thousands of recipients of HIV positive blood (issued before) are now virus carriers. This has been confirmed in “look back” programmes: A substantial number of recipient (50 to 90%) has been found to be HIV positive.-A major disadvantage of the HIV antibody test is the fact that antibodies appear several weeks after infection. The gap between infection and detecting HIV antibodies may be reduced by an antigen test, which recognizes the HIV infection as early as two weeks after infection. - The recent detection of HIV 2 implies the necessity of developing tests for the identification of variants of HIV.
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Addiego, J. E., P. Bailey, M. Bradley, S. Courter, and M. Lee. "RECOVERY AND SURVIVAL STUDIES OF A NEW FACTOR VIII PRODUCT." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644052.

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Lyophilized protein concentrates are the international treatment of choice to manage bleeding in hemophiliacs. These pooled plasma products, however, expose the recipient of treatment to an increased risk of viral infections. While current manufacturing techniques of these products appear to be effective in eradicating the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), transmission of other viruses, especially non-A/non-B (NANB) hepatitis, is still a majoor complication of concentrate therapy. Hyland Therapeutics Division Travenol Laboratories, Inc., has developed a new process using the techniques of immunoaffinity chromatography and organic solvent/detergent treatment to prepare a high specific activity product; Antihemophilic Factor (Human), Method M (AHF-M); that may render it free of pathogenic viruses. To determine the recovery and half-life of factor VIII in this product five severe hemophiliacs in a nonbleeding state were given! 50 U/kg of M-AHF and 50 U/kg of a currently licensed factor concentrate (HEMOFILe CT) in a crossover blinded study with a seven day interval between the respective infusions. The table below shows the recovery and half-life results for the five patients studiedThe factor VIII recoveries and half-lifes were similar for both products. No significant adverse clinical reactions were detected in any patient either during or after their infusions. This product appears to produce adequate circulating levels of factor VIII. It also appears to be safe for administration in humans. Further studies are on-going to test the overall efficacy of this product and to confirm that the manufacturing process is effective in eliminating pathogenic viruses
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Schimpf, K. l., B. Kraus, W. Kreuz, H. H. Brackmann, F. Haschke, and W. Schramm. "NO ANTI-HIV SEROCONVERSION AFTER REPLACEMENT THERAPY WITH PASTEURIZED F VIII CONCENTRATE. A STUDY OF 151 PATIENTS WITH HEMOPHILIA A OR VON WILLEBRAND'S DISEASE." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643973.

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Transmission of hepatitis viruses and HIV has proven to be a risk of replacement therapy in hemophilia. As regards F VIII products a concentrate (Hemate HS or P) in which viruses are inactivated by heat-treatment over 10 hours at 60° C in aqueous solution is available since 1979. Our clinical studies have shown that this product does not transmit HBV and HNANBV. As the product was manufactured by 80% from US plasma it was necessary to prove that it also does not transmit HIV. As it is, for ethical reasons, not possible to treat a control group with non-virus-inactivated F VIII, non-transmission of HIV can only proven if anti-HIV seroconversion does not occur in larger groups of patients treated exclusively with this virus-inactivated product.We collected data from 151 patients treated with Hemate HS (P) who had never before received blood or blood products. Therapy was started between Feb. 1979 and Jan. 1986 (median July 7,1983). The median length of observation till the last anti-HIV testing was 24 (3 - 83) months. 112 patients were observed longer than 13 months. The median total dosage was 17,000 (500 -2,155,375) IU of F VIII, the median patient age was 6 (0,5 - 68) years. In none of these patients anti-HIV seroconversion (ELISA test) was observed. According to the rule of three, the upper 95% confidence limit for a random sample of 60 cases with zero events would be 3/60 or 5%. For greater numbers of n cases, as in our study, the range of confidence narrows increasingly. The period of observation of this study is hitherto the longest.
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Clemens, R., G. Wirl, C. Velten, and H. J. Röthig. "VIRUS SAFETY OF ANTITHROMBIN III CONCENTRATE KYBERNIN P - APROSPECTIVE CLINICAL TRIAL." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644148.

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In 13 healthy male volunteers a prospective clinical trial was performed to evaluate virus safety of the antithrombin III concentrate Kybernin P in regard to hepatitis B, non-A/non-Band HIV transmission. As the volunteers were participants of a pharmacokinetic study they received either a fixed dosage of 1000 units Kybernin P asbolus injection or a dosage of 50 units per kg body weight as short-term infusion. Two different batches of Kybernin P were used.Whereas in all 13 volunteers virussafety in hepatitis non-A/non-B and HAV transmission could be monitored, only those volunteers who were not vaccinated (n=3) against hepatitis B or who had no protecting antibodies of anti-HB type despite vaccination (n=3)were to be included in the hepatitis B monitoring.All 13 volunteers were followed-upfor 1 year according to the standardsof the International Committee on Thrombosis and Hemostasis (ICTH). For detection of a potential hepatitis non-A/non-B transmission transaminases (AST, ALT) were determined in biweekly intervals during the first 6 months of the observation period and thereafter in monthly intervals. Hepatitis B seromar-kers as well as anti-HIV wereassessed bimonthly. Furthermore, all volunteers were clinically examined at every follow-up.None of the 13 volunteers revealedan increase of transaminases to the 2.5 fold of the upper normal level which is considered to be the borderlinelevel for hepatitis non-A/non-B diagnosis. Furthermore, in none of the volunteers a seroconversion for hepatitis B or HIV could be detected. Thus, Kybernin P is to be considered as hepatitis B, hepatitis non-A/non-B and HIV safe.
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Piët, M. P. J., S. Chin, A. M. Prince, and B. Horowitz. "INACTIVATION OF VIRUSES IN PLASMA ON TREATMENT WITH TRI(N-BUTYL) PHOSPHATE (TNBP) DETERGENT MIXTURES." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644149.

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Treatment of plasma with organic solvent/ detergent mixtures at the time of plasma collection or plasma pooling could reduce the exposure of technical staff to infectious virus and enhance the viral safety of final product. Treatment of plasma for 4 hours with 2% TNBP at 37°C or with 1% TNBP and 1% Tween 80 or Triton X-45 at 30°C resulted in the rapid and complete inactivation of ≥104 tissueculture infectious doses (TCID-50) ofvesicularstomatitis and Sindbis viruses, used as surrogates. TNBP and TNBP/Tween treatment of plasma was shown to inactivate ≥104 TCID-50 of human immunodeficiency virus. TNBPtreatment of plasma contaminated with 106 chimpanzee infectious doses (CID-50) of HBV and 105 CID-50 of NANBHV prevented the transmission of hepatitisto chimpanzees through 6 months follow-up.Immediately following treatment with 2% TNBP, the recovery of AHF, factor IX, factor V, and antithrombin IIIwas 75%,90%, 65% and 100%,respectively. A ⊕90% recovery of AHF was observed with TNBP/detergent mixtures. Treated plasma was fractionated intoAHF and prothrombin complex concentrates, immune globulin, and albumin by published techniques. Prior treatmentwithTNBP or TNBP and detergent did not affect the separations of desired proteins. Therefore, it appears possible to inactivate viruses in plasma prior to execution of standard fractionation procedures. If desirable, products prepared from TNBP-treated plasmacan be subjected to additional procedures to further insure virus safety.
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Kurniati, Nurul. "Analysis of Factors and Management of Hepatitis B Virus Screening in Mothers and Infants: A Scoping Review." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.67.

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ABSTRACT Background: The importance of screening for HBV infection is to identify the risk of perinatal transmission from infected mothers. People infected with HBV during infancy or childhood are more likely to suffer chronic infection to cirrhosis of the liver and liver cancer. Early detection and prompt treatment are essential for HBV infection. This study aimed to review the factors and management of hepatitis B virus screening in mothers and infants. Subjects and Method: A scoping review method was conducted in eight stages including (1) Identification of study problems; (2) Determining priority problem and study question; (3) Determining framework; (4) Literature searching; (5) Article selec­tion; (6) Critical appraisal; (7) Data extraction; and (8) Mapping. The search included PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, and Scopus databases. The inclusion criteria were English/ Indonesian-language and full-text articles (scoping review, meta-analysis, systematic review)/ documents/ reports/ policy brief/ guidelines from WHO/ other organizations published between 2009 and 2019. The data were selected by the PRISMA flow chart. Results: The searched database obtained a total of 27.862 articles. After screening, 27.325 articles were excluded because of unmet the inclusion criteria. After conducting critical appraisal for the remaining 537 articles, only 11 articles were eligible for further review. The selected articles obtained from developing countries (China, South Africa, and Tanzania) and developed countries (Netherlands, Japan, Denmark, Northern Europe, and Canada) with quantitative studies design (cross-sectional, case series, and cohort) met the inclusion criteria. The findings emphasized on four main topics around hepatitis B virus screening in mothers and infants, namely demographic factors, risk factors, post-screening benefit, and challenges in screening uptake. Conclusion: Early detection of HBV infection with prenatal screening reduce the HBV prenatal transmission, especially from infected pregnancy. Screening plays an important role in the administration of universal infant HBV vaccination and postexposure prophylaxis with hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) at birth. Keywords: pregnant women, hepatitis B virus, perinatal transmission, screening Correspondence: Setianingsih. Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta. Jl. Siliwangi (Ringroad Barat) No. 63, Nogotirto, Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55292. Email: nsetia580@gmail.com. Mobile: 082242081295. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.67
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Tian, Tianhai. "Stochastic dynamics of a Hepatitis B virus transmission model." In 2011 International Symposium on Information Technology in Medicine and Education (ITME 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itime.2011.6130884.

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Das, Soham, Diptangshu Sen, Varun Ramamohan, and Ajit Sood. "An Agent-Based Model of Hepatitis C Virus Transmission Dynamics in India." In 2019 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wsc40007.2019.9004857.

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Reports on the topic "Hepatitis viruses Transmission"

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Kasorndorkbua, C., P. J. Thomas, Patrick G. Halbur, F. F. Huang, D. K. Guenette, and X. J. Meng. Routes of Transmission of Swine Hepatitis E virus in Pigs. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1095.

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Semaan, Dima, and Linda Scobie. Feasibility study for in vitro analysis of infectious foodborne HEV. Food Standards Agency, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.wfa626.

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a member of the Hepeviridae family capable of infecting humans producing a range of symptoms from mild disease to kidney failure. Epidemiological evidence suggests that hepatitis E genotype III and IV cases may be associated with the consumption of undercooked pork meat, offal and processed products such as sausages [1]. A study carried out by the Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA), found hepatitis E virus contamination in the UK pork production chain and that 10% of a small sample of retail pork sausages were contaminated with the virus [2]. Furthermore, studies have confirmed the presence of HEV in the food chain and the foodborne transmission of Hepatitis E virus to humans [reviewed in 5]. Likewise, Scottish shellfish at retail [6] have also been found positive for HEV viral nucleic acid and some preliminary studies indicate that the virus is also detectable in soft fruits (L Scobie; unpublished data). There are current misunderstandings in what this data represents, and these studies have raised further questions concerning the infectivity of the virus, the processing of these foods by industry and the cooking and/or preparation by caterers and consumers. There are significant gaps in the knowledge around viral infectivity, in particular the nature of the preparation of food matrices to isolate the virus, and also with respect to a consistent and suitable assay for confirming infectivity [1,3]. Currently, there is no suitable test for infectivity, and, in addition, we have no knowledge if specific food items would be detrimental to cells when assessing the presence of infectious virus in vitro. The FSA finalised a comprehensive critical review on the approaches to assess the infectivity of the HEV virus which is published [3] recommending that a cell culture based method should be developed for use with food. In order to proceed with the development of an infectivity culture method, there is a requirement to assess if food matrices are detrimental to cell culture cell survival. Other issues that may have affected the ability to develop a consistent method are the length of time the virally contaminated sample is exposed to the cells and the concentration of the virus present. In most cases, the sample is only exposed to the cells for around 1 hour and it has been shown that if the concentration is less that 1x103 copies then infection is not established [3,5,10,11].
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Aierkenjiang, Malipati, Kaidiriya Kuerbanjiang, Hurexitanmu Abudurexiti, Lin Xu, and Xiao Feng Sun. Efficacy and safety of Tenofovir alafenamide in blocking mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus: a meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0061.

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A curriculum guide for public-safety and emergency-response workers. Prevention of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, February 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshpub89108.

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