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Journal articles on the topic 'Hepatitis C Prevention Victoria'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

NAEEM, MUHAMMAD, AMEER AHMAD, IMRAN QAISAR, and Fiaz Ahmad. "STATUS OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) INFECTION." Professional Medical Journal 18, no. 03 (September 10, 2011): 445–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2011.18.03.2364.

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Objective: To know the status of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in children admitted in Pediatric ward of Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur. Study design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Place and duration of study: Pediatric unit-1 Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur over a period of 2 months and 15 days. Material and methods: This study was conducted over 500 children admitted in children ward-1 of Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur. Children of 1-15 years of age were included in the study. The blood samples of these children were taken at the time of admission and serum was tested for HCV with ICT method and later on confirmed by ELISA. Children having HCV infection were tested for SGPT level. Different risk factors for transmission of HCV infection were also studied. Results: Out of 500 children 43 were HCV positive by ICT method. Out of these 43 ICT positive children 38 were confirmed by ELISA. In this way 7.6% children were found positive for HCV. In 23 cases (60.5%) SGPT was raised (>40). Statistically significant risk factors for transmission of HCV infection found in this study were past history of blood transfusion and history of injections in past. Conclusions: HCV infection is quite common in children. Safe blood transfusions and use of disposable and sterilized syringes is important for prevention of this infection.

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FAYYAZ, MOHAMMAD, Muhammad Ayub Khan, MASROOR ALI QAZI, Ghulam Mohyud Din `Chaudhary, and GULZAR AHMED. "HEPATITIS B, C & HIV." Professional Medical Journal 13, no. 04 (December 16, 2006): 632–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2006.13.04.4941.

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Objective: To determine the prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV in healthyblood donors in Blood Transfusion Services, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur. Design: Prospective observationalstudy. Setting: Blood Transfusion Services, Bahawal Victoria Hospital (BVH), affiliated with Quaid-e-Azam medicalCollege Bahawalpur. Period: From 1 January t st o 31st December 2005. Methods and Materials: All the personscoming for blood donations , at the BVH facility, were included. Clinically anaemic, ill, past history of jaundice and ageof less than 18 or more than 50 years were excluded. All the donors (27938) from various areas of Bahawalpur,Bahawalnagar, Lodhran, Vehari and Rahim Yar Khan districts, were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs)Antigen, hepatitis C antibody (Anti HCV) & Human Immuno-deficiency Virus Antibody (Anti-HIV)on sera by one StepTest Device. All the positives cases were confirmed by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay. Results: Out of total27938, 25420(91%) were male. Mean age was 28 years with age range 18-50. No HIV positive case was detected.HBV was 2.69%, slightly more than HCV, 2.52%. Males were significantly (p<0.02) more infected than females.Conclusion: Risk of transmission of viral hepatitis is a major problem of blood transfusion. Frequency of viral hepatitisin blood donors is higher in our area as compared to rest of the world. HIV infection is very low. Preventive strategiesinclude good blood transfusion services along with safe sex and other measures.

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Grebely, Jason, Marc Bilodeau, Jordan J. Feld, Julie Bruneau, Benedikt Fischer, Jennifer F. Raven, Eve Roberts, et al. "The Second Canadian Symposium on Hepatitis C Virus: A Call to Action." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 27, no. 11 (2013): 627–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/242405.

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In Canada, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection results in considerable morbidity, mortality and health-related costs. Within the next three to 10 years, it is expected that tolerable, short-duration (12 to 24 weeks) therapies capable of curing >90% of those who undergo treatment will be approved. Given that most of those already infected are aging and at risk for progressive liver disease, building research-based interdisciplinary prevention, care and treatment capacity is an urgent priority. In an effort to increase the dissemination of knowledge in Canada in this rapidly advancing field, the National CIHR Research Training Program in Hepatitis C (NCRTP-HepC) established an annual interdisciplinary Canadian Symposium on Hepatitis C Virus. The first symposium was held in Montreal, Quebec, in 2012, and the second symposium was held in Victoria, British Columbia, in 2013. The current article presents highlights from the 2013 meeting. It summarizes recent advances in HCV research in Canada and internationally, and presents the consensus of the meeting participants that Canada would benefit from having its own national HCV strategy to identify critical gaps in policies and programs to more effectively address the challenges of expanding HCV screening and treatment.

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4

MacLachlan, Jennifer H., and Benjamin C. Cowie. "Uptake and trends in ordering of funded hepatitis B immunisation for priority populations in Victoria, Australia, 2013–2014." Sexual Health 14, no. 2 (2017): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh16002.

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Background The Department of Health and Human Services in Victoria provides funded hepatitis B vaccine to many priority groups at risk of acquiring infection. We aimed to determine the uptake of vaccine ordering for at-risk groups over time, to assess any trends and identify any gaps in prevention of hepatitis B for those at risk. Methods: Routinely collected administrative data regarding the indication for vaccine ordered by practitioners were analysed for the period June 2013 to December 2014. Number of doses and courses distributed was determined and compared with the estimated size of the priority populations. Results: During the 18-month period assessed, 20 498 doses of funded hepatitis B vaccine were ordered, equating to ~5700 complete courses, with the overall number of orders per quarter increasing between 2013 and 2014. The most common indication was being a household or sexual contact of people living with hepatitis B (2803 courses, 49.2% of the total), equating to approximately one course per new chronic hepatitis B notification. The remaining doses were largely distributed to people living with HIV (648 courses, 11.4%), people living with hepatitis C (621 courses, 10.9%), and people who inject drugs (594 courses, 10.4%). Conclusions: This analysis demonstrates that access to hepatitis B immunisation among priority populations appears to have increased in Victoria during 2013–14, however it could still be improved. Continued assessment of these data over time will be important to measure the impact of interventions on increasing the reach of the funded vaccine program.

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5

Fairley, Christopher K., David E. Leslie, Suellen Nicholson, and Ian D. Gust. "Epidemiology and hepatitis C virus in Victoria." Medical Journal of Australia 153, no. 5 (September 1990): 271–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1990.tb136899.x.

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6

Fraser, Michael R., Joanna Buffington, Leigh Lipson, and Michael Meit. "Hepatitis C Prevention Programs." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 8, no. 2 (March 2002): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00124784-200203000-00006.

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7

Keller, Sarah, Karen Daley, James Hyde, Richard S. Greif, and Daniel R. Church. "Hepatitis C prevention with nurses." Nursing and Health Sciences 7, no. 2 (June 2005): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2018.2005.00217.x.

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8

Kew, M., G. Francois, D. Lavanchy, H. Margolis, P. Van Damme, P. Grob, J. Hallauer, D. Shouval, G. Leroux-Roels, and A. Meheus. "Prevention of hepatitis C virus infection*." Journal of Viral Hepatitis 11, no. 3 (May 2004): 198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2893.2004.00492.x.

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9

Zucker, Donna M. "Peer Education for Hepatitis C Prevention." Gastroenterology Nursing 32, no. 1 (January 2009): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/sga.0b013e3181965d1a.

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10

Alter, Miriam J. "Prevention of spread of hepatitis C." Hepatology 36, no. 5B (November 2002): s93—s98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/jhep.2002.36389.

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Koff, Raymond S. "PREVENTION OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS INFECTION." Clinics in Liver Disease 1, no. 3 (November 1997): 603–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1089-3261(05)70324-x.

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12

Ozaras, Resat, and Veysel Tahan. "Acute hepatitis C: prevention and treatment." Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy 7, no. 3 (April 2009): 351–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/eri.09.8.

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Bell, Beth P., Eric E. Mast, Norah Terrault, and Yvan J. F. Hutin. "Prevention of Hepatitis C in Women1." Emerging Infectious Diseases 10, no. 11 (November 2004): 2035–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1011.040624_04.

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Alter, Miriam J. "Prevention of spread of hepatitis C." Hepatology 36, S1 (November 2002): S93—S98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.1840360712.

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15

Schiff, Eugene R. "Prevention of mortality from hepatitis B and hepatitis C." Lancet 368, no. 9539 (September 2006): 896–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(06)69347-1.

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Wong, Dodd, Kiely, Carroll, and Whyte. "Characteristics of hepatitis C-positive blood donors in Victoria, Australia." Transfusion Medicine 9, no. 1 (January 1999): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3148.1999.009001015.x.

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Rawson, S. L., C. El-Hayek, J. Asselin, J. Howell, M. Stoové, W. Dimech, R. Guy, B. Donovan, J. S. Doyle, and M. Hellard. "P53 Hepatitis C diagnostic testing trends in Victoria, 2010–2015." Journal of Virus Eradication 3 (August 2017): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30794-9.

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18

Glenister, Kristen, William Kemp, Dunya Tomic, David Simmons, and Stuart Roberts. "Prevalence of Hepatitis C and treatment uptake in regional Victoria." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 44, no. 6 (November 30, 2020): 514–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1753-6405.13040.

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19

Zanetti, A. "Primary prevention of hepatitis C virus infection." Vaccine 21, no. 7-8 (January 30, 2003): 692–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0264-410x(02)00581-9.

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20

Poll, Ray. "Hepatitis C part 2: Treatment and prevention." Practice Nursing 23, no. 11 (November 2012): 540–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/pnur.2012.23.11.540.

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21

Madden, Annie, and Walter Cavalieri. "Hepatitis C prevention and true harm reduction." International Journal of Drug Policy 18, no. 5 (October 2007): 335–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2007.06.007.

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22

Lavanchy, Daniel, and Pilar Gavinio. "Hepatitis C." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 14, suppl b (2000): 67B—77B. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2000/630301.

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Hepatitis C has been identified as the most common cause of post-transfusion hepatitis worldwide, accounting for approximately 90% of this disease in Japan, the United States and Western Europe. Hepatitis C is a major global public health problem. New infections continue to occur, and the source of infection includes transfusion of blood or blood products from unscreened donors; transfusion of blood products that have not undergone viral inactivation; parenteral exposure to blood through use of contaminated and inadequately sterilized instruments and needles used in medical, dental and ‘traditional’ medicine; procedures such as hemodialysis; high risk sexual practices; household or sexual contacts of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected persons; and infants of HCV-infected mothers. In many countries, the relative contribution of the various sources of infection has not been defined with population-based epidemiological studies. Such studies are necessary to enable countries to prioritize their preventive measures and to make the most appropriate use of available resources. Given the substantial morbidity and mortality attributable to HCV-related chronic liver disease, each country, irrespective of economic status, should develop a plan of HCVrelated public health activities for the prevention of newHCVinfections and the treatment of established chronic infections.

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23

CHAUDRY, NAYLA TARIQ, IMRANA IHSAN, WAHEED JAMEEL, and Sabiha Nasreen. "HEPATITIS - C." Professional Medical Journal 12, no. 04 (December 31, 2005): 364–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2005.12.04.5082.

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Objectives: 1) To evaluate the overall prevalence rate of viral hepatitiscarrier state among a group of voluntary blood donors. 2) To find the proportion of anti HCV in the study group. 3) Tofind the probable mode of transmission of HCV infection in the study group. Setting: Pathology lab, Jinnah Hospital,Iqra Medical Complex & Hi Tech Lab, Lahore. Period: November 2000 to April 2001. Patients & Methods: A total of890 apparently healthy blood donors (797 males, 93 females) were studied. Clinical details were recorded. The bloodsamples were collected using packed sterile disposable syringes. Sera were analysed by a qualitative enzymeimmunoassy sera diagnostic test using second generation ELISA Kits. Results: Among 890 subjects screened, carrierstate for hepatitis-C was 6.06%. The prevalence of hepatitis-C amongst total cases positive for hepatitis was 33.5%.A higher prevalence rate in males (6~8%) was observed as compared to females (2.22%). The difference wasstatistically significant (p<0.05). The most important mode of transmission was through injections; (males 32.075%,females 100%) followed by blood transfusion. Only 5.88% of the cases had an episode of jaundice in the past.Conclusion: A remarkable positive cases of hepatitis C in this study underline the dire need of comprehensive planfor multi-disciplinary approach for HCV prevention and control.

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C.Trasancos, Claudia, Marion A. Kainer, Paul V. Desmond, and Heath Kelly. "Investigation of potential iatrogenic transmission of hepatitis C in Victoria, Australia." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 25, no. 3 (June 2001): 241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842x.2001.tb00569.x.

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25

Billah, Mustansar, Syed Muhammad Raza Shah, and Muhammad Mujtaba Hashir. "HEPATITIS B AND HEPATITIS C;." Professional Medical Journal 25, no. 08 (August 4, 2018): 1245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2018.25.08.88.

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Objectives: To determine the frequency of HBV and HCV among blood donorscoming voluntarily at the blood bank of Ibne- Siena hospital and research centre, Multan,Pakistan, to ascertain the disease burden in the community for their future prevention andcontrol. Study Design: It was a descriptive, cross- sectional study on blood units donated byhealthy individuals coming voluntarily for blood donation, and willing to get their blood testedfor HBV, HCV. Setting: Community medicine department of Multan medical and dental collegeMultan, and blood bank of affiliated tertiary hospital, Ibn-e- Siena hospital Multan. Period: Sixmonths period from Jan 2016 to June 2016. Materials and Methods: Data of the blood donorswas collected. Present study was based on previous well maintained records of hospital bloodbank. During the reported period, a total of 1195 blood donors attended the blood bank, andthey all were screened for HBsAg and anti-HCV. SPSS- 16 was used to analyze the data, fordetermination of frequencies of Hepatitis- B, and C according to the age and gender. Results:Total numbers of blood donors were 1195. 1191 were males, and 4 were females. All thefemales were negative for both HBV, and HCV. Males positive for HBV were 18 (1.5 %), andthose Positive for HCV were 27 (3.2%).

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Shanmugaratnam, K., and R. S. Pattman. "Hepatitis B: prevention in primary care." BMJ 298, no. 6683 (May 13, 1989): 1313–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.298.6683.1313-c.

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27

NAQVI, S. M. ABBAS, Muhammad Shiraz Khan, QURBAN ALI KHASKHELI, Muhammad Saeed Talpur, and SHAHID HABIB ANSARI. "HEPATITIS C VIRUS." Professional Medical Journal 13, no. 04 (December 16, 2006): 604–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2006.13.04.4935.

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`To find out the prevalence of antibody to HCV in serum of blood donorpopulation in our Community (Karachi). To estimate level of serum ALT in blood donors as possible marker of liverinfectivity and hence increasing awareness among the people about the prevention and spread of HCV in Communityand to give suggestions in the formulation of blood transfusion policies. Setting: At Microbiology Department, BasicMedical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre Karachi. Period: From September 2001 to January2002. Material and Methods: 150 subjects, consisting of volunteer blood donors and 50 subjects selected from healthypopulation who had never received or donated blood. Results: Among 150 blood donors, 07 subjects (4.66%) werefound to be anti HCV positive. Mean age of anti HCV positive donors was 32.85±7.35 years with male predominance.Conclusion: It is concluded that HCV is notorious for its infectivity, chronocity and complications. Hence HCV spreadshould be controlled by screening blood donors for anti HCV antibodies and observing Universal rules in medicalpractice.

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Shahbaz, Tazeem, Ghulam Farid, Raja Sajjad Asghar, and Abdul Rashid. "HEPATITIS B AND C." Professional Medical Journal 22, no. 11 (November 10, 2015): 1383–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2015.22.11.859.

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Background and Aims: The working conditions of Health care workers (HCW’S)expose them for a constant threat of contracting and spreading hepatitis B (HBV) and C virus(HCV) not only to their patients but family members as well. The aim of this study was to assessthe knowledge and attitude toward hepatitis B and C infection among the health-care workersand correlate the level of awareness to their behavior towards prevention of the disease. StudySettings: The study was conducted in Rashid Latif medical college and its two affiliated hospitals(Arif memorial teaching hospital and Hameed Latif Hospital). Study Design: Descriptive crosssectional study. Methodology: A closed ended questionnaire was designed which consistsof questions for evaluating the knowledge and attitude of the participants regarding hepatitisB and C infection. Sampling was done by convenient method. 350 participants took part inthe study, which includes physicians, nurses and lab Technicians. Using the SPSS 16, we didstatistical analysis. Results: Total 350 health care workers filled the forms. 52.6 %( 184) of themwere nurses with 25.7% (90) physicians, and Lab workers were 21.7 %( 74). The mean age ofthe participants was 25.9 years with a range from 17-59 years. The service length of 73.2% ofhealth care workers was noted to be 1-5 year. (97.7%) participants know about hepatitis B andC. 88.6% identified blood and blood products, needles and sharps and 68.6% marked sexualintercourse routes of transmission. 56% gave opinion that Hepatitis B and C is a noso-comialinfection. 70.3% reported that both infections are widely transmitted like HIV/AIDS. Almost all ofthe participants (83.7%) mentioned that they are in a position to acquire these infections becauseof their duty with patients 88% of the respondents reported vaccination against Hepatitis B asa tool of prevention. Proper disposal of sharps, a needle and blood product as a preventingmeasure was also written by 88%of participants. A lot of them believe that transmission of theseinfections can be prevented by avoiding needle/sharps injury (73.7%) and casual sex (61.1%).82.9 mentioned wearing of gloves while in contact with patients and 80.6% said that adequatedisposal of sharps are the best ways of prevention. Complete vaccination for the hepatitis Bwas reported by 47.9 %( 174) with 36 %( 126) was partially vaccinated and 14.8 %( 52) were notvaccinated at all. No specific reason was identified for lack of vaccination. It is noted that morefemales (87.7%) and physician (88.9%) and Nurses (88.2%) have completed the vaccinationschedule than the Lab. Technicians (75%). Conclusion: There is a need of extensive healtheducation campaign for training of HCWs to control and prevent the spread of these infections.

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Chmielewska, Alicja M., Małgorzata Rychłowska, Ewelina Król, Karolina Solarz, and Krystyna Bieńkowska-Szewczyk. "Novel methods of hepatitis C treatment and prevention." Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej 69 (August 19, 2015): 946–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/17322693.1165197.

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30

Galova, Elena A. "ACTUAL QUESTIONS OF PERINATAL VIRAL HEPATITIS C PREVENTION." Health Care of the Russian Federation 63, no. 1 (May 24, 2019): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0044-197x-2019-63-1-35-41.

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Transplacental HCV-antibodies circulate in the blood of infants during the first year of the life and diagnosis of HCV-transmission is difficult. Aim: to study informativeness of serological diagnostic tests in anti/HCV-positive infants. Material and methods. the study was conducted in two groups of infants: RNA-positive (n=28) and RNA-negative (n=277). All children were born from a pregnant woman with chronic viral hepatitis C. The authors determined the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of serological diagnostic tests for HCV transmission in infants: anti/HCV total, anti-HCcore IgG, anti-HCcore IgM, anti-HCNS3 IgG, anti-HCNS3 IgМ, anti-HCNS4 IgG, anti-HCNS4 IgМ, anti-HCNS5 IgG, anti-HCNS5 IgМ. Results. Detection of anti-HCV IgG-antibodies in the first 9 months of a child’s life has a high sensitivity but low specificity and low diagnostic efficacy; detection of anti HCV-IgM antibodies in the blood of the infant has significant specificity and high diagnostic efficacy. Discussion. The terms of examination of infants for viral hepatitis C are regulated by Sanitary Regulations and Standards (SanPiN 3.1.3112-13 Prevention of viral hepatitis C). We found that the detection of IgG antibodies in the blood of infants who were born to HCV-positive women has low diagnostic efficacy and will not lead to a correct diagnosis of perinatal HCV- transmission. It is necessary to develop and make changes in sanitary epidemiological rules. Conclusion. detection IgG-antibody is not informative during the first half of the infant’s life, but detection IgM-antibody is highly specific and accurate serological test for diagnostic HCV-transmission to child from mother with chronic viral hepatitis C.

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Zucker, Donna. "Hepatitis C Prevention in a County Correctional Facility." Gastroenterology Nursing 29, no. 2 (March 2006): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001610-200603000-00095.

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32

Djordjević, V., S. Kostlć, M. Avramović, J. Radivojević, G. Paunović, and V. Stefanović. "Prevention of Hepatitis C Infection in Hemodialysis Patients." International Journal of Artificial Organs 19, no. 4 (April 1996): 258–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139889601900409.

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Schvarcz, Robert, Bertil Nyström, Antti Oksanen, and Anders Sönnerborg. "Prevention of nosocomial transmission of hepatitis C virus." Lancet 346, no. 8968 (July 1995): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(95)91252-5.

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Gilli, P., S. Soffritti, E. De Paoli Vitali, and P. L. Bedani. "Prevention of Hepatitis C Virus in Dialysis Units." Nephron 70, no. 3 (1995): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000188608.

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Ueno, Yoshiyuki, Jose D. Sollano, and Geoffrey C. Farrell. "Prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma complicating chronic hepatitis C." Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 24, no. 4 (April 2009): 531–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.05814.x.

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CLEVELAND, JENNIFER L., BARBARA F. GOOCH, BRIAN G. SHEARER, and ROB L. LYERLA. "Risk and Prevention of Hepatitis C Virus Infection." Journal of the American Dental Association 130, no. 5 (May 1999): 641–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1999.0273.

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Heathcote, E. Jenny. "Prevention of hepatitis C virus–related hepatocellular carcinoma." Gastroenterology 127, no. 5 (November 2004): S294—S302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2004.09.044.

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Burroughs, Andrew K. "Posttransplantation prevention and treatment of recurrent hepatitis C." Liver Transplantation 6, no. 6B (November 2000): s35—s40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/jlts.2000.18690.

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PASI, K. "Prevention of hepatitis C virus infection in haemophiliacs." Lancet 335, no. 8703 (June 1990): 1473–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(90)91511-8.

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Barbara, JohnA J., Marcela Contreras, F. E. Preston, M. Makris, D. R. Triger, and J. C. E. Underwood. "Prevention of hepatitis C virus infection in haemophiliacs." Lancet 336, no. 8706 (July 1990): 62–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(90)91584-w.

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Van Herck, Koen, A. Vorsters, and P. Van Damme. "Prevention of viral hepatitis (B and C) reassessed." Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology 22, no. 6 (December 2008): 1009–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpg.2008.11.008.

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Khan, Momin, Abdul Jabbar, Bacha Amin Khan, Abdul Ahad, and Fazal Akbar. "HEPATITIS C." Professional Medical Journal 25, no. 04 (April 10, 2018): 484–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2018.25.04.332.

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Introduction: WHO estimates that there are more than 185 million people overthe globe infected with hepatitis C. Among these 350,000 die each year with hepatitis. Heprevalence of hepatitis in Asia is estimated to be 3.4%. Pakistan has been rated as the secondmost common country in the world with active hepatitis C infection. This study aims at identifyingthe frequency of risk factors for hepatitis C irus transmission. Understanding the frequency ofcommon factors of HCV would help to implement strategies in long-term prevention of hepatitistransmission among community. Objectives: To determine the frequency of common factorsfor transmission of hepatitis C in adult patients. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectionalstudy. Setting: Department of Medicine, Saidu Teaching Center, Swat. Period: 01-01-2016 to01-12-2016. Methodology: 140 patients were observed and evaluated. Detailed medical historywas taken.5 ml of venous blood sample was collected under aseptic conditions. Blood wascentrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes and serum was transferred to separate test tubes for furthertesting. The initial screening was carried out by immunochromatography for the qualitative detectionHCV antibodies in serum or plasma. Output variable was stratified among age andgender. Chi square test was applied to see effect of modification. All the positive samples onICT were tested on ELISA (third generation) with signal-to-cut-off ratio > 1.0 for confirmation.Results: Our study shows that mean age was 45 years with SD ± 12.24. Fifty eight percentpatients were male and 42% patients were female. Forty two percent patients had hepatitis Cdue to Injection, infection and-* /transfusions, surgical scars were present in 23% patients withhepatitis C, (2%) patients with hepatitis C had tattoos, 8% patients had hepatitis C due to nose/ear piercing and 25% patients had hepatitis C due to dental procedures. Conclusion: Our studyconcludes that the most common risk factors responsible for transmitting hepatitis C in adultswere infections/transfusions (42%) followed by dental procedures (25%) and surgical scars(23%).

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Abdulrahman, Surajudeen Abiola, Siti Fatimah Kader Maideen, Fairuz Fadzilah Rahim, and ABDUL RASHID KHAN MD JAGAR DIN. "Seroprevalence, Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Prevention of Hepatitis C among Municipal Waste Collectors in Penang Island, Malaysia." Journal of Clinical and Health Sciences 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jchs.v4i1.7282.

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Introduction: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Hepatitis C infection and the level of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding Hepatitis C prevention among municipal waste collectors in Penang Island, Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among a convenient sample of 184 adult male municipal waste collectors in Penang Island from January to May 2018. Respondents’ blood samples were obtained and evaluated for antibodies to Hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV), and questionnaires administered to them to collect information on sociodemographic variables and knowledge, attitude and practice regarding Hepatitis C prevention. The seroprevalence of Hepatitis C virus was estimated, and the association between sociodemographic variables and respondents’ level of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding Hepatitis C prevention was explored using a range of parametric and non-parametric statistical tests in SPSS version 23. Results were considered significant at p<0.05. Results: The seroprevalence of Hepatitis C infection among our study sample was 0%. Majority had good attitude (60.9%) and good practice (70.1%) but poor knowledge (72.8%) of Hepatitis C. Respondents’ income was significantly predictive of knowledge (p=0.033) and attitude (p=0.005) regarding Hepatitis C prevention. There were no significant associations between sociodemographic factors and practice regarding Hepatitis C prevention. There was a significant positive correlation between respondents’ knowledge and practice regarding Hepatitis C prevention (r=0.169, p=0.022). Conclusions: Knowledge of Hepatitis C prevention is significantly lacking among Municipal waste collectors in Penang Island, and their income appears to play a significant role in determining their level of knowledge and attitude regarding Hepatitis C prevention.

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Thompson, S. C., R. E. Goudey, A. M. Breschkin, J. Carnie, and M. Catton. "Exposure to hepatitis B and C of tattooists in Victoria in 1984." Journal of Viral Hepatitis 4, no. 2 (March 1997): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2893.1997.tb00216.x.

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Street, Alison M., and Jennifer L. Williams. "Prevalence of hepatitis C antibodies in patients with clotting disorders in Victoria." Medical Journal of Australia 157, no. 4 (August 1992): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1992.tb137156.x.

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Adamson, E., N. Yussf, and E. Schreiber. "Using Liver Cancer Prevention Messages to Scale up the Diagnosis and Treatment of People Living With Hepatitis B." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 132s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.32800.

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Background and context: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a major public health issue in Australia, affecting an estimated 238,000 people. If not appropriately managed, chronic hepatitis B infection can cause cirrhosis and liver cancer. Liver cancer has the fastest increasing incidence rate of all cancers in Australia, and its survival is among the lowest. To reduce the burden of liver cancer, more people with CHB need to be diagnosed and treated. The majority of people living in Australia with CHB (61%) were born overseas, and research indicates people have low levels of understanding about hepatitis B, and its link to liver cancer. Cancer Council Victoria developed several communication campaigns to increase testing and diagnosis for hepatitis B in the Vietnamese and south Sudanese communities living in Victoria. Aim: •To raise awareness about hepatitis B and the link to liver cancer in the Vietnamese and south Sudanese community •To increase understanding about diagnosis, vaccination and management •To mobilize the community to talk to their trusted GP about hepatitis and to be tested. Strategy/Tactics: The campaign strategy was designed to address the knowledge barriers to testing for these two communities. To inform the strategy, qualitative focus groups and community interviews were used to identify perceptions of hepatitis B and liver cancer, as well as the barriers and motivators to testing. Both communities identified their local doctor as a trusted source of health information. Two media campaigns were developed featuring a known doctor from each community. An additional campaign was tailored specifically for young south Sudanese people using hip hop music as method of disseminating key messages about liver cancer prevention. Program/Policy process: The campaigns were designed by the Screening, Early Detection and Immunization Team at Cancer in Council Victoria, Australia. Outcomes: Digital metrics and face to face interviews with community members, nurses and doctors were used to assess the impact of the campaigns. Evaluation results also indicated people did visit their doctor to talk about hepatitis B. The success in motivating people to see their doctor was attributed to the campaigns featuring a message about liver cancer being caused by hepatitis B, and it being led by a known and respected doctor from their own community. What was learned: Cancer organizations can target liver cancer prevention efforts to · increase awareness about liver cancer and hepatitis B in at risk communities; · motivate at risk people to visit their doctor for hepatitis B testing, vaccination and treatment by linking the prevention of liver cancer to hepatitis treatment; · tailor communications to the specific needs of different culturally diverse communities; · collaborate closely with communities from culturally diverse backgrounds to ensure campaign messages and calls to action are culturally appropriate.

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Chahal, Jasmeen, Harleen Sood, and Aman Bharti. "Hepatitis C associated membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis treated with directly acting antivirals for hepatitis C." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 9, no. 10 (September 23, 2022): 1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20222405.

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection affects kidneys with different histopathological patterns on kidney biopsy, which commonly include membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) pattern with mixed cryoglobulinemia (CG), thrombotic microangiopathy, membranous nephropathy and small to medium vessel vasculitis. Type 1 MPGN associated with type II mixed CG is the most common glomerulopathy associated with hepatitis C infection. Treatment of these glomerulopathies and cryoglobulinemic renal disease associated with HCV infection includes antiviral therapy for HCV, B-cell depletion therapy for prevention of immune complexes and cryoglobulins or nonspecific immunosuppressive therapy. We describe a patient who presented to us with HCV associated MPGN type 1 with cryogloblinemia and detectable HCV RNA, who recovered completely with directly acting antiviral agents (DAA) alone without immunosuppression.

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Krugman, S. "Viral Hepatitis: A, B, C, D, and E--Prevention." Pediatrics in Review 13, no. 7 (July 1, 1992): 245–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.13-7-245.

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Krugman, Saul. "Viral Hepatitis: A, B, C, D, and E—Prevention." Pediatrics In Review 13, no. 7 (July 1, 1992): 245–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.13.7.245.

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The article in the June 1992 issue of Pediatrics in Review included a detailed discussion of the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, course, complications, epidemiology, and prognosis of hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. This second section reviews prevention and treatment of these infections. Prevention of Hepatitis A GENERAL MEASURES Procedures designed to prevent fecaloral spread of hepatitis A virus should be used for control. These include scrupulous handwashing, proper sterilization of food utensils, fly abatement, and exclusion of potentially infectious food handlers. Although close contact is the most common mode of transmission, common source epidemics stemming from contaminated food, milk, and water supplies may occur. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION Postexposure prophylaxis with standard immune globulin is recommended for all individuals who have had intimate exposure to a person with the disease. Immune globulin also is indicated for persons living in the same household because they are likely to have contact with the virus. However, routine use of immune globulin in schools, offices, and factories is not warranted; disease spread is unlikely under the conditions existing in these open facilities. The recommended 0.02-mL/kg dose of immune globulin should be given within 48 h, if possible, but not later than 1 wk after exposure. Preexposure prophylaxis with standard immune globulin is recommended for persons traveling to or working in areas where type A hepatitis is highly endemic.

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Liang, T. Jake, Barbara Rehermann, Leonard B. Seeff, and Jay H. Hoofnagle. "Pathogenesis, Natural History, Treatment, and Prevention of Hepatitis C." Annals of Internal Medicine 132, no. 4 (February 15, 2000): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-4-200002150-00008.

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