Relevant bibliographies by topics / Hepatitis C Prevention Victoria

Academic literature on the topic 'Hepatitis C Prevention Victoria'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Hepatitis C Prevention Victoria"

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NAEEM, MUHAMMAD, AMEER AHMAD, IMRAN QAISAR, and Fiaz Ahmad. "STATUS OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) INFECTION." Professional Medical Journal 18, no. 03 (September 10, 2011): 445–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2011.18.03.2364.

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Objective: To know the status of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in children admitted in Pediatric ward of Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur. Study design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Place and duration of study: Pediatric unit-1 Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur over a period of 2 months and 15 days. Material and methods: This study was conducted over 500 children admitted in children ward-1 of Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur. Children of 1-15 years of age were included in the study. The blood samples of these children were taken at the time of admission and serum was tested for HCV with ICT method and later on confirmed by ELISA. Children having HCV infection were tested for SGPT level. Different risk factors for transmission of HCV infection were also studied. Results: Out of 500 children 43 were HCV positive by ICT method. Out of these 43 ICT positive children 38 were confirmed by ELISA. In this way 7.6% children were found positive for HCV. In 23 cases (60.5%) SGPT was raised (>40). Statistically significant risk factors for transmission of HCV infection found in this study were past history of blood transfusion and history of injections in past. Conclusions: HCV infection is quite common in children. Safe blood transfusions and use of disposable and sterilized syringes is important for prevention of this infection.
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FAYYAZ, MOHAMMAD, Muhammad Ayub Khan, MASROOR ALI QAZI, Ghulam Mohyud Din `Chaudhary, and GULZAR AHMED. "HEPATITIS B, C & HIV." Professional Medical Journal 13, no. 04 (December 16, 2006): 632–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2006.13.04.4941.

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Objective: To determine the prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV in healthyblood donors in Blood Transfusion Services, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur. Design: Prospective observationalstudy. Setting: Blood Transfusion Services, Bahawal Victoria Hospital (BVH), affiliated with Quaid-e-Azam medicalCollege Bahawalpur. Period: From 1 January t st o 31st December 2005. Methods and Materials: All the personscoming for blood donations , at the BVH facility, were included. Clinically anaemic, ill, past history of jaundice and ageof less than 18 or more than 50 years were excluded. All the donors (27938) from various areas of Bahawalpur,Bahawalnagar, Lodhran, Vehari and Rahim Yar Khan districts, were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs)Antigen, hepatitis C antibody (Anti HCV) & Human Immuno-deficiency Virus Antibody (Anti-HIV)on sera by one StepTest Device. All the positives cases were confirmed by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay. Results: Out of total27938, 25420(91%) were male. Mean age was 28 years with age range 18-50. No HIV positive case was detected.HBV was 2.69%, slightly more than HCV, 2.52%. Males were significantly (p<0.02) more infected than females.Conclusion: Risk of transmission of viral hepatitis is a major problem of blood transfusion. Frequency of viral hepatitisin blood donors is higher in our area as compared to rest of the world. HIV infection is very low. Preventive strategiesinclude good blood transfusion services along with safe sex and other measures.
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Grebely, Jason, Marc Bilodeau, Jordan J. Feld, Julie Bruneau, Benedikt Fischer, Jennifer F. Raven, Eve Roberts, et al. "The Second Canadian Symposium on Hepatitis C Virus: A Call to Action." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 27, no. 11 (2013): 627–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/242405.

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In Canada, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection results in considerable morbidity, mortality and health-related costs. Within the next three to 10 years, it is expected that tolerable, short-duration (12 to 24 weeks) therapies capable of curing >90% of those who undergo treatment will be approved. Given that most of those already infected are aging and at risk for progressive liver disease, building research-based interdisciplinary prevention, care and treatment capacity is an urgent priority. In an effort to increase the dissemination of knowledge in Canada in this rapidly advancing field, the National CIHR Research Training Program in Hepatitis C (NCRTP-HepC) established an annual interdisciplinary Canadian Symposium on Hepatitis C Virus. The first symposium was held in Montreal, Quebec, in 2012, and the second symposium was held in Victoria, British Columbia, in 2013. The current article presents highlights from the 2013 meeting. It summarizes recent advances in HCV research in Canada and internationally, and presents the consensus of the meeting participants that Canada would benefit from having its own national HCV strategy to identify critical gaps in policies and programs to more effectively address the challenges of expanding HCV screening and treatment.
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MacLachlan, Jennifer H., and Benjamin C. Cowie. "Uptake and trends in ordering of funded hepatitis B immunisation for priority populations in Victoria, Australia, 2013–2014." Sexual Health 14, no. 2 (2017): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh16002.

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Background The Department of Health and Human Services in Victoria provides funded hepatitis B vaccine to many priority groups at risk of acquiring infection. We aimed to determine the uptake of vaccine ordering for at-risk groups over time, to assess any trends and identify any gaps in prevention of hepatitis B for those at risk. Methods: Routinely collected administrative data regarding the indication for vaccine ordered by practitioners were analysed for the period June 2013 to December 2014. Number of doses and courses distributed was determined and compared with the estimated size of the priority populations. Results: During the 18-month period assessed, 20 498 doses of funded hepatitis B vaccine were ordered, equating to ~5700 complete courses, with the overall number of orders per quarter increasing between 2013 and 2014. The most common indication was being a household or sexual contact of people living with hepatitis B (2803 courses, 49.2% of the total), equating to approximately one course per new chronic hepatitis B notification. The remaining doses were largely distributed to people living with HIV (648 courses, 11.4%), people living with hepatitis C (621 courses, 10.9%), and people who inject drugs (594 courses, 10.4%). Conclusions: This analysis demonstrates that access to hepatitis B immunisation among priority populations appears to have increased in Victoria during 2013–14, however it could still be improved. Continued assessment of these data over time will be important to measure the impact of interventions on increasing the reach of the funded vaccine program.
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Fairley, Christopher K., David E. Leslie, Suellen Nicholson, and Ian D. Gust. "Epidemiology and hepatitis C virus in Victoria." Medical Journal of Australia 153, no. 5 (September 1990): 271–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1990.tb136899.x.

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Fraser, Michael R., Joanna Buffington, Leigh Lipson, and Michael Meit. "Hepatitis C Prevention Programs." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 8, no. 2 (March 2002): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00124784-200203000-00006.

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Keller, Sarah, Karen Daley, James Hyde, Richard S. Greif, and Daniel R. Church. "Hepatitis C prevention with nurses." Nursing and Health Sciences 7, no. 2 (June 2005): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2018.2005.00217.x.

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Kew, M., G. Francois, D. Lavanchy, H. Margolis, P. Van Damme, P. Grob, J. Hallauer, D. Shouval, G. Leroux-Roels, and A. Meheus. "Prevention of hepatitis C virus infection*." Journal of Viral Hepatitis 11, no. 3 (May 2004): 198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2893.2004.00492.x.

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Zucker, Donna M. "Peer Education for Hepatitis C Prevention." Gastroenterology Nursing 32, no. 1 (January 2009): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/sga.0b013e3181965d1a.

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Alter, Miriam J. "Prevention of spread of hepatitis C." Hepatology 36, no. 5B (November 2002): s93—s98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/jhep.2002.36389.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hepatitis C Prevention Victoria"

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Metcalfe, Dawnna Elisabeth, KariLynn Dowling-McClay, and Nicholas E. Hagemeier. "Engagement in Hepatitis C and HIV Prevention: Community Pharmacists’ Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Non-Prescription Syringe Dispensing Legislation." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2020/presentations/36.

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Since 2010, the incidence of acute Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infections in the U.S. has nearly quadrupled. Re-use and sharing of syringes among people who inject drugs (PWID) is a significant contributor to increased rates of HCV transmission and a risk factor for HIV infection. Community pharmacists are uniquely positioned to offer harm reduction services that lower the transmission of HCV/HIV by providing sterile syringes to PWID. However, legislation on non-prescription syringe dispensing varies by state and differences in individual pharmacists’ interpretation and attitudes regarding these laws may impact their willingness to participate in harm reduction services. Little is known about the impact of these factors on pharmacist engagement with harm reduction services in central Appalachia, a region particularly hard-hit by the opioid epidemic. The objective of this project is to qualitatively evaluate open-ended responses collected as part of a survey administered to community pharmacists in three central Appalachian states in order to determine: 1) pharmacists’ knowledge and attitudes regarding their state’s non-prescription syringe dispensing laws; and 2) the correlation of attitudes about state legislation to pharmacists’ intent to sell syringes to PWID. A telephonic community pharmacist survey on non-prescription syringe attitudes and behaviors was conducted between April and June 2018 in Northeast Tennessee, Western North Carolina, and Southwest Virginia. Survey responses were obtained from pharmacists practicing in 391 community pharmacies (51% response rate) in the study region. Transcribed responses to open-ended survey questions were extracted from the dataset and a qualitative analysis was completed using a generalized inductive approach. A single investigator coded all qualitative data and a second investigator coded data from a random selection of 10% of the respondents in order to develop themes through consensus. Descriptive analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25 to compare syringe law attitude thematic categories to respondents’ intent to sell syringes to PWID. Preliminary analysis identified discrepancies in pharmacists’ non-prescription syringe law knowledge, state-specific differences in pharmacists’ non-prescription syringe law attitudes, and underlying differences in willingness to sell syringes to PWID based on attitudes. The findings may encourage pharmacists to reflect on personal attitudes and interpretation of state-specific legislation as factors that may influence participation in an evidence-based harm reduction strategy for prevention of HCV/HIV transmission. This study offers preliminary results that will serve as a basis for larger studies and interventions aimed at reducing ambiguity in pharmacists’ interpretation of non-prescription syringe dispensing laws and encouraging pharmacists to counter the spread of HCV/HIV in an evidence-based manner.
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Dowling, Karilynn, Taylor Riedley, MacKenzie Broome, and Nicholas E. Hagemeier. "Stopping the Spread by Using Sterile Needles Instead: A Rural Community Pharmacy Hepatitis C/HIV Prevention Feasibility Study." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5432.

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Purpose: Prescription and illicit opioid abuse have disproportionately impacted the Central Appalachian Region. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) data indicate the region is home to many of the 220 counties most vulnerable to rapid dissemination of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and HIV related to injection drug use. Growing evidence supports the role of community pharmacies in HCV/HIV prevention by providing access to non-prescription sterile syringes; however, research has largely been confined to major metropolitan areas. The objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of community pharmacies in Central Appalachia serving as access points for sterile syringes. Methods: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board. Using state directories of health professionals, community pharmacists from Northeast Tennessee, Western North Carolina, and Southwest Virginia were randomly selected to participate in key informant interviews to inform understanding of the impact of attitudes, beliefs, and state-level policies on pharmacists’ syringe dispensing behaviors (N=15). Informed consent was obtained prior to initiating the interviews and participants were provided modest compensation for their time. The semi-structured interviews were guided by Theory of Planned Behavior constructs to focus the interview on evidence-based predictors of behaviors. Interviews were audio-recorded, de-identified, transcribed, and are currently being thematically analyzed by the research team with NVivo software. The results of this study are expected to inform development of a survey instrument for a larger quantitative evaluation of pharmacists' perceptions on syringe dispensing in the region. Results: Not applicableConclusion: Not applicable
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Palmateer, Norah E. "Determining the effectiveness of harm reduction interventions in the prevention of hepatitis C virus transmission among people who inject drugs in Scotland." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5234/.

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The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is highly prevalent among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Scotland and the large majority of new HCV infections occurring in Scotland are within this population group. Harm reduction interventions, mainly sterile injecting equipment provision (IEP) and opioid substitution treatment (OST), to prevent the transmission of blood-borne viruses among PWID, were implemented in Scotland in the late 1980s/early 1990s. More recently, government policy initiatives, particularly the Hepatitis C Action Plan for Scotland, have stipulated the scale-up of these interventions. The overarching aim of this thesis was to investigate the impact of harm reduction interventions on the transmission of HCV among PWID in Scotland. Five secondary objectives were addressed in order to fulfil the main aim: (i) to review the international literature on the effectiveness of IEP and OST in preventing HCV transmission; (ii) to determine the association between self-reported sharing of needles/syringes and incident/prevalent HCV infection; (iii) to determine the association between sharing non-needle/syringe injecting paraphernalia and incident HCV infection; (iv) to determine the incidence of HCV among PWID in Scotland; and (v) to determine the association between self-reported uptake of IEP/OST and incident HCV infection. To address the first thesis objective, a systematic review of the literature was undertaken to identify existing international research evidence (published up to March 2007) for the effectiveness of harm reduction interventions. While HCV was the main outcome of interest, HIV and injecting risk behaviour (IRB) were also considered. A review of reviews approach identified: insufficient evidence that sterile needle and syringe provision (NSP) was effective in preventing HCV transmission; tentative evidence that NSP was effective in preventing HIV transmission; sufficient evidence to support the effectiveness of NSP in reducing self-reported IRB; and little to no evidence on needle/syringe vending machines, outreach NSP or the provision of other injecting paraphernalia (spoons, filters, water) in relation to any of the outcomes. With regard to OST, the findings were: insufficient evidence to show that OST has an impact on HCV transmission; sufficient evidence to support the effectiveness of continuous OST in reducing HIV transmission; and sufficient evidence to support the effectiveness of OST in reducing IRB by reducing the frequency of injection, the sharing of injecting equipment and injecting risk scores. An update to the review of reviews was undertaken to include literature published through March 2011, and found that little changed as a result of additional published reviews: in the main, the evidence statement for the effectiveness of OST with regard to HCV was upgraded from insufficient to tentative. The finding of weaker evidence with regard to biological outcomes (e.g. HCV, HIV), as compared with behavioural outcomes, indicated that low levels of IRB may be insufficient to reduce high levels of transmission, particularly for HCV. The subsequent chapter aimed to address the second thesis objective, by summarising, and exploring factors that explained the variation in, the measure of association between self-reported sharing of needles/syringes and HCV prevalence/incidence among PWID. A systematic review and meta-analysis were undertaken to identify and combine the results of European studies of HCV prevalence (or incidence) among those who reported ever/never (or recent/non-recent) sharing of needles/syringes. Among the 16 cross-sectional studies and four longitudinal studies identified, the pooled prevalence of HCV was 59% among PWID who reported never sharing needles/syringes and the pooled incidence of HCV was 11% among PWID who reported not recently sharing needles/syringes. Random effects meta-analysis generated a pooled odds ratio (OR) of 3.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.4-4.6), comparing HCV infection among those who ever (or recently) shared needles/syringes relative to those who reported never (or not recently) sharing. Differences in pooled ORs were found when studies were stratified by recruitment setting (prison vs. drug treatment sites), recruitment method (outreach vs. non-outreach), sample HCV prevalence and sample mean/median time since onset of injecting. High incidence/prevalence rates among those who did not report sharing needles/syringes during the risk period may be a result of a combination of unmeasured risk factors (such as sharing non-needle/syringe injecting paraphernalia) and reporting bias. Study design and population were found to be modifiers of the size and strength of association between HCV and needle/syringe-sharing. To address the third thesis objective, the risk of HCV associated with sharing injecting paraphernalia (spoons, filters and water) was investigated using data from the 2008-09 and 2010 sweeps in a series of national cross-sectional surveys of PWID in Scotland, collectively called the Needle Exchange Surveillance Initiative (NESI). Logistic regression was used to examine the association between recent HCV infection (anti-HCV negative and HCV-RNA positive individuals) and self-reported measures of injecting equipment sharing in the six months preceding interview. Twelve percent of the sample reported sharing needles/syringes and 40% reported sharing paraphernalia in the previous six months. The adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for sharing needles/syringes (with or without paraphernalia) and sharing only paraphernalia in the last six months were 6.7 (95% CI 2.6-17.1) and 3.0 (95% CI 1.2-7.5), respectively. Among those who reported not sharing needles/syringes, sharing spoons and sharing filters were significantly associated with recent HCV infection (AOR 3.1, 95% CI 1.3-7.8 and 3.1, 95% CI 1.3-7.5, respectively); sharing water was not. This cross-sectional approach to the analysis of the association between sharing paraphernalia and incident HCV infection demonstrated consistent results with previous longitudinal studies. The prevalence of paraphernalia-sharing in the study population was high, potentially representing a significant source of HCV transmission. Addressing the fourth and fifth thesis objectives, a method to determine the incidence of HCV among PWID using a cross-sectional design was applied, and the associations between self-reported uptake of harm reduction interventions (OST and IEP) and recent HCV infection were examined. This was undertaken on data from the first sweep (2008-09) of NESI. Twenty-four recent HCV infections (as defined above) were detected, yielding incidence rate estimates ranging from 10.8-21.9 per 100 person-years. After adjustment for confounders, those with high needle/syringe coverage had reduced odds of recent infection (AOR 0.32, 95% CI 0.10-1.00, p=0.050). In the Greater Glasgow and Clyde region only, there were reduced odds of recent infection among those currently receiving OST, relative to those on OST in the last six months but not currently (AOR 0.04, 95% CI 0.001-1.07, p=0.055). The effect of combined uptake of OST and high needle/syringe coverage was only significant in unadjusted analyses (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.12-0.97, p=0.043; AOR 0.48, 95% CI 0.16-1.48, p=0.203). The final analysis chapter built on the previous chapter investigating the association between uptake of harm reduction interventions and recent HCV infection, by using data from three sweeps of the NESI survey, undertaken in 2008-09, 2010 and 2011-12. A framework to triangulate different types of evidence – ‘group-level/ecological’ and ‘individual-level’ – was applied. Data on service provision (injecting equipment provision and methadone dispensation) were also collated and analysed.
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Stone, Jack Elliot. "Analysing the role of incarceration in the transmission and prevention of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus amongst people who inject drugs." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2018. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.743044.

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Matsuoka, Marcia Wang. "Contribuição da ultra-sonografia para o diagnóstico das alterações histopatológicas presentes na hepatite C crônica, com ênfase na esteatose hepática." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5151/tde-05082008-142925/.

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INTRODUÇÃO: A utilização da ultra-sonografia (USG) como método de diagnóstico por imagem na avaliação das afecções abdominais, em particular para o acompanhamento de pacientes portadores de hepatite C crônica, vem sendo rotineiramente empregada. Neste trabalho, avaliamos a contribuição da USG na avaliação das alterações histopatológicas encontradas neste grupo de doentes, com ênfase para a esteatose hepática (EH), afecção bastante freqüente na hepatite causada pelo vírus C. MÉTODO: Comparamos os achados ultra-sonográficos de 192 pacientes consecutivos, portadores de hepatite crônica pelo vírus C, submetidos à biópsia hepática, com os achados histopatológicos dos fragmentos hepáticos obtidos. Todos os pacientes foram biopsiados sob orientação USG, sendo a ultra-sonografia assim como a biópsia hepática realizadas cada qual por um médico especialista e sempre o mesmo. Todos os exames ultra-sonográficos obedeceram a um mesmo protocolo, sendo analisados os seguintes parâmetros ultra-sonográficos: 1) com relação às características ecográficas do parênquima: ecogenicidade, ecotextura e atenuação; 2) com relação à utilização da USG para o diagnóstico da EH: biometria da parede abdominal, dimensões e contornos hepáticos. Posteriormente os pacientes estudados foram agrupados em: A) grupo com alterações ultra-sonográficas e B) sem alterações ultra-sonográficas, e comparados com as alterações histopatológicas presentes. Foram realizados também cálculos de regressão logística com os parâmetros USG avaliados para a avaliação da acurácia deste método de imagem para o diagnóstico da EH. RESULTADOS: Entre as alterações histopatológicas presentes, a alteração arquitetural e a EH apresentaram diferença estatística significante entre os grupos A (com alterações USG) e B (sem alterações USG). Observou-se também diferença estatística significante entre: a) espessura da parede abdominal e as dimensões hepáticas com relação à presença de EH, b) contornos hepáticos irregulares e a presença de EH. E dentre os componentes ultra-sonográficos avaliados, a atenuação foi o que apresentou melhor correlação com a EH. A utilização das variáveis idade, sexo, atenuação, espessura da parede abdominal e dimensões hepáticas, foram as que apresentaram melhores resultados nos cálculos de regressão logística, com sensibilidade de 60,5% e especificidade de 83,9% em diagnosticar EH. CONCLUSÕES: Neste trabalho, o estudo ultra-sonográfico do fígado de pacientes com hepatite C crônica apresentou correlação com as alterações arquiteturais e com a EH encontradas na histopatologia. A utilização da USG para o diagnóstico da EH apresentou relação estatística com a espessura da parede abdominal, dimensões e contornos hepáticos, e a atenuação foi o melhor componente ultra-sonográfico para o diagnóstico da EH.
INTRODUCTION: Ultrasonography is consistently utilized as the method of diagnostic imaging while evaluating abdominal infections particularly in patients with chronic hepatitis C. We studied the contribution of the ultrasonography in the evaluation of histopathologic alterations in this group of patients with emphasis in hepatic steatosis (HS), sufficiently frequent in hepatitis caused by the C virus. METHODS: We compared the findings from the ultrasounds of 192 carrying patients of chronic hepatitis C virus, who had undergone hepatic biopsy, with the histopathogical findings of the hepatic fragments obtained. All patients who have undergone liver biopsy guided by ultrasonography were always evaluated by the same medical specialist for both sonogram or hepatic biopsy. All ultrasound examinations followed the same protocol, analyzing the following parameters: 1) regarding to the echographic characteristics of parenchyma: echogenicity, echotexture and attenuation; 2) regarding to the use of the sonography for the diagnosis of the HS: biometry of the abdominal wall, hepatic dimensions and contours. Post results, patients had been grouped in: A) altered ultrasound group and B) ultrasound group without ultrasound alterations, both compared with present histopathological alterations. Calculations of logistic regression with ultrasonography parameters had also been performed to determine the accuracy of this method for the HS diagnosis. RESULTS: Of the histopathological alterations present, the architectural alteration and the HS had presented significant statistical difference between the groups (altered ultrasound group) and the B (without ultrasound alterations). We also noted significant statistical difference between: a) thickness of the abdominal wall and the hepatic dimensions with regard to presence of HS, b) irregular hepatic contours and the presence of HS. Amongst the evaluated ultrasound components, attenuation presented better correlation with the HS. The variables age, sex, attenuation, thickness of the abdominal wall and hepatic dimensions of the right lobe, presented better results in the calculations of logistic regression, with 60,5% sensitivity and specificity of 83,9% in diagnosing HS. CONCLUSIONS: In this research, the hepatic ultrasonography of patients with chronic hepatitis C presented correlation with the architectural alterations and the HS found at the histopathology. The utilization of the ultrasonography for the diagnosis of the HS presented statistical relationship with the thickness of the abdominal wall, hepatic dimensions and contours, and the sonographic attenuation was the best component for the diagnosis of ES.
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Сніцарь, А. О., І. О. Троцька, and О. С. Загребельний. "Досвід співпраці з неурядовими організаціями у напрямку профілактики вірусного гепатиту серед найбільш уразливих груп населення." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/37931.

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Вірусний гепатит належить до числа найбільш широко поширених захворювань. Легко передаючись через кров, вірус гепатиту С особливо часто вражає людей, що вживають ін'єкційні наркотики, при цьому в деяких групах рівень зараженості становить 80 % та вище. Нараховуючи близько 400 тис. споживачів ін'єкційних наркотиків, Україна є країною з однією з найбільших епідемій ВГС у всьому світі.
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Hunter, Carole. "Evaluation of syringe markers distributed through community pharmacy needle exchanges." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/11096.

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The aim of this study is to evaluate the supply of markers for the identification of syringes distributed by pharmacy needle exchanges and to determine if this product and service delivery offers a feasible method of marking syringes to promote the reduction of accidental sharing of syringes and needles amongst injecting drug users (IDU) and thereby reduce the risk of transmission of blood borne viruses (BBVs) and other related infections. This study involves the assessment, implementation and evaluation of syringe markers as a pilot study within three community pharmacy sites in Glasgow. The secondary aims of the study were to identify whether the supply of syringe markers from community pharmacy needle exchanges was acceptable to IDU and if it enabled them to mark their syringes. The literature review demonstrates that providing a means of identification of personal injecting equipment has been proposed as a viable option that should be promoted to prevent the inadvertent accidental sharing of syringes within a group setting. Needle exchanges (NEX) are important component parts of the harm reduction responses designed to reduce the physical health harms caused to individuals through injecting drug use. The literature is reviewed on BBV transmission and the historical, legal and policy context associated with the development of NEXs. Community pharmacies act as a source of health advice and can help to facilitate access to treatment services for those attending the NEX. However the specific aim of this study is not to investigate the totality of the benefits of a NEX but to examine the supply of a potential means of reducing accidental and unintentional sharing of all injecting equipment and thereby contribute to minimising some of the health harms linked to injecting drug use. Three established community pharmacies were identified as suitable sites to pilot the supply of syringe markers. A number of criteria were used to select the sites. These included an assessment of the geographic locations, staffing arrangements, NEX attendances and transactional activity and the availability of private consultation facilities. The health board central database which holds records on a range of factors including, the characteristics of those who attend NEX and detailed information on all transactions, was used to identify the most suitable sites to pilot the new intervention. This indicated that the characteristics of those who attended the three chosen sites were broadly similar to the wider NEX attending population. The evaluation was conducted in two separate periods. The first 4 week period was the supply phase where markers were distributed over this period to all patients receiving NEX packs from the 3 pharmacies. The second data collection phase was undertaken in the following 4 week period. Data was collected by means of a structured questionnaire. In order to reduce the potential interviewer bias it was decided to incorporate the use of peer researchers in the administration of the questionnaire. The Scottish Drugs Forum (SDF) was approached and agreement was reached to use members of the Service User Involvement Group (SUIG) to assist with the design and administration of the questionnaire. A submission was made to the health board Research Ethics Committee (REC) and approval was given to enable the study and the research evaluation to proceed. Before the start of the study, joint briefing and training sessions were held for pharmacy staff from the 3 sites and the 6 participating SUIG members. A total of 177 questionnaires were completed during the second data collection phase of the evaluation. Information was collected on personal details and injecting behaviours (including deliberate and accidental sharing), any current means of syringe identification, use of the markers and on the usefulness of the instruction card. Most individuals (75%, n=132) had been supplied with the markers to trial during the first supply phase of the study with 63% of the 132 (n=83) of those individuals reporting use of the markers. The results of the evaluation and subsequent analysis of the findings indicated that the syringe marker supply could be successfully implemented using pharmacy NEXs. The product and the supply method were acceptable to both staff and service users. Initial bivariate analysis was conducted using a number of dependent and independent variables identified within the questionnaire. These findings highlighted a number of areas worthy of further exploration, including emerging differences between male and female respondents, and indicated specific target groups for future developments in syringe identification. The contribution of the peer researchers was found to be a significant factor in successfully completing the evaluation. However it is not possible to make any definitive statements on how effective the intervention is in terms of reducing the transmission of BBVs and other related infections. The findings of the evaluation indicated a number of potential areas of work that could be usefully explored to investigate the effectiveness of the markers in reducing the transmission of infections. The limitations of the evaluation became apparent during the course of the study and the implications of these limitations are discussed.
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8

Curado, Ana Raquel Dias. "Management of hepatitis C virus infection : are children the same as adults?" Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/24844.

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Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2015
A Hepatite C tornou-se um relevante problema de saúde pública. Cerca de 3% da população mundial está infectada, no entanto, a prevalência nas crianças é baixa. Distintamente dos adultos, em que a principal via de transmissão é o uso de drogas injectáveis, actualmente, na idade pediátrica, a transmissão vertical é a principal causa. Na sua maioria, as crianças infectadas pelo vírus da Hepatite C são assintomáticas e apresentam uma progressão geralmente lenta da doença. Ainda assim, alguns grupos seleccionados podem beneficiar de tratamento em idade pediátrica com interferão (IFN) alfa peguilado e ribavarina. A abordagem da Hepatite C na criança pode mudar drasticamente num futuro próximo com a introdução de regimes terapêuticos sem IFN, adequados à populacão pediátrica. Esta revisão tem como objectivo proporcionar informação actualizada sobre a abordagem da Hepatite C na idade pediátrica e perspectivar as diferenças desta infecção no adulto e na criança.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has become a public health issue. About 3% of the world’s population is affected by HCV. However, prevalence of HCV infection in children is low. Unlike adults, in which the main route of transmission is by intravenous drug use, the most common via of HCV infection in children is, currently, vertical transmission by HCV infected mothers. Nearly all of infected children are asymptomatic, showing a slowly progressive course of disease. Nevertheless, selected children may benefit from treatment with pegylated interferon (IFN)-alfa plus ribavirin. The possibility of IFN-free regiments, suitable for pediatric population, can drastically chance the management of HCV infection in children in the near future. The objective of this review is to provide updated information about the management of HCV infection in the pediatric age group, as well as the differences between the HCV infection in children and adults.
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Liu, Ziqing. "Characterization of Hepatitis C Virus Infection of Hepatocytes and Astrocytes." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/5277.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
Approximately 2.8% of the world population is currently infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) are often generated in chronic hepatitis C patients yet fail to control the infection. In the first two chapters of this study, we focused on two alternative routes of HCV transmission, which may contribute to HCV’s immune evasion and establishment of chronic infection. HCV was transmitted via a cell-cell contact-mediated (CCCM) route and in the form of exosomes. Formation of HCV infection foci resulted from CCCM HCV transfer and was cell density-dependent. Moreover, CCCM HCV transfer occurred rapidly, involved all four known HCV receptors and intact actin cytoskeleton, and led to productive HCV infection. Furthermore, live cell imaging revealed the temporal and spatial details of the transfer process. Lastly, HCV from HCV-infected hepatocytes and patient plasma occurred in both exosome-free and exosome-associated forms and the exosome-associated HCV remained infectious, even though HCV infection did not significantly alter exosome secretion. In the third chapter, we characterized HCV interaction with astrocytes, one of the putative HCV target cells in the brain. HCV infection causes the central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities in more than 50% of chronically infected subjects but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. We showed that primary human astrocytes (PHA) were very inefficiently infected by HCV, either in the free virus form or through cell-cell contact. PHA expressed all known HCV receptors but failed to support HCV entry. HCV IRES-mediated translation was functional in PHA and further enhanced by miR122 expression. Nevertheless, PHA did not support HCV replication regardless of miR122 expression. To our great surprise, HCV exposure induced robust IL-18 expression in PHA and exhibited direct neurotoxicity. In summary, we showed that CCCM HCV transfer and exosome-mediated HCV infection constituted important routes for HCV infection and dissemination and that astrocytes did not support productive HCV infection and replication, but HCV interactions with astrocytes and neurons alone might be sufficient to cause CNS dysfunction. These findings provide new insights into HCV infection of hepatocytes and astrocytes and shall aid in the development of new and effective strategies for preventing and treating HCV infection.
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Books on the topic "Hepatitis C Prevention Victoria"

1

Hatzakis, Angelos, ed. Hepatitis C: Epidemiology, Prevention and Elimination. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64649-3.

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Texas. Dept. of Health. Hepatitis C action plan for Texas. [Austin, Tex.]: Texas Dept. of Health, 2002.

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New Jersey. Legislature. General Assembly. Health Committee. Public hearing before Assembly Health Committee: Testimony about hepatitis C and its public health implications. Trenton, N.J. (State House Annex, CN 068, Trenton 08625): The Committee, 1997.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform. Stalking a furtive killer: A review of the federal government's efforts to combat hepatitis C : hearing before the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eighth Congress, second session, December 14, 2004. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2004.

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Reform, United States Congress House Committee on Oversight and Government. Viral hepatitis: The secret epidemic : hearing before the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, second session, June 17, 2010. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2011.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform and Oversight. Hepatitis C, silent epidemic, mute public health response: Seventh report by the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1998.

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Saskatchewan Subcommittee on HIV/AIDS. Guidelines for the management of potential exposures to Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, HIV, and recommendations for post-exposure prophyalxis. Saskatchewan: Saskatchewan Health, 2004.

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New York (State). Legislature. Assembly. Committee on Alcoholism and Drug Abuse. Public hearing on alcoholism and drug abuse and health: New York State's response to hepatitis A, B and C and methamphetamine. [New York?]: EN-DE Reporting, 2005.

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Colvin, Heather M. Hepatitis and liver cancer: A national strategy for prevention and control of hepatitis B and C. Edited by Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Committee on the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis Infections, Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, and National Academies Press (U.S.). Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2010.

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M, Colvin Heather, Mitchell Abigail E, Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Committee on the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis Infections., Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice., and National Academies Press (U.S.), eds. Hepatitis and liver cancer: A national strategy for prevention and control of hepatitis B and C. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Hepatitis C Prevention Victoria"

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Sypsa, Vana. "Prevention: Secondary Prevention and Screening." In Hepatitis C: Epidemiology, Prevention and Elimination, 189–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64649-3_9.

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Barnes, Eleanor J., Nasser Semmo, and Paul Klenerman. "Immunology of hepatitis C virus." In Hepatitis Prevention and Treatment, 107–23. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7903-3_6.

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Karamitros, Timokratis, Dimitrios Paraskevis, and Gkikas Magiorkinis. "Hepatitis C Virus Origin." In Hepatitis C: Epidemiology, Prevention and Elimination, 45–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64649-3_2.

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Blatt, Lawrence M., and Myron Tong. "Epidemiology of chronic hepatitis viruses: hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus." In Hepatitis Prevention and Treatment, 29–38. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7903-3_2.

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Luo, Guangxiang. "Molecular virology of hepatitis C virus." In Hepatitis Prevention and Treatment, 67–85. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7903-3_4.

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Kurstak, Edouard. "Hepatitis C and hepatitis E: prevention, prophylaxis and treatment." In Viral Hepatitis, 194–201. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-4437-4_23.

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Dev, Anouk, Keyur Patel, and John G. Mc Hutchison. "Current standard of care in hepatitis C virus infection." In Hepatitis Prevention and Treatment, 141–56. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7903-3_8.

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Morgan, Timothy R. "Chemoprevention of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chronic Hepatitis C." In Clinical Cancer Prevention, 85–99. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10858-7_7.

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Gore, Charles. "Hepatitis C Elimination and Advocacy Groups." In Hepatitis C: Epidemiology, Prevention and Elimination, 201–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64649-3_10.

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Degasperi, Elisabetta, and Massimo Colombo. "Natural History of Hepatitis C Infection." In Hepatitis C: Epidemiology, Prevention and Elimination, 151–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64649-3_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Hepatitis C Prevention Victoria"

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Cox, Andrea L. "Abstract IA16: Prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma through preventative hepatitis C vaccination." In Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on the Microbiome, Viruses, and Cancer; February 21-24, 2020; Orlando, FL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.mvc2020-ia16.

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Ivanova, Diana, Sergey Borisov, Dmitriy Kudlay, Nicolay Nikolenko, Ludmila Slogotskaya, and Yulia Garmash. "Prevention of drug-induced liver injury in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and chronic hepatitis C." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa2024.

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Huang, Jiaqi, Måns Magnusson, Anna Törner, Weimin Ye, and Ann-Sofi Duberg. "Abstract A07: Risk of pancreatic cancer among individuals with hepatitis C or hepatitis B virus infection: A nationwide study in Sweden." In Abstracts: Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; Oct 27-30, 2013; National Harbor, MD. American Association for Cancer Research, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1940-6215.prev-13-a07.

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Dobra, Sarah E., Nidsa Baker, Lesley Miller, and Lauren Stokes. "Abstract A22: Programmatic implementation of hepatocellular carcinoma prevention through hepatitis C testing, secondary prevention, and treatment for a medically and minority underserved population." In Abstracts: Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; November 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, Georgia. American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp15-a22.

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Wen, Chi‐Pang, Yen Chen Chang, Min Kwang Tsai, Hui Ting Chan, Isabella W. S. Chung, Ting Yuan David Cheng, Shan Pou Tsai, and Po‐Huang Chiang. "Abstract B135: Mortality risks and life‐shortening effect of hepatitis C virus infection: A prospective cohort study of 487,369 adults in Taiwan." In Abstracts: AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research‐‐ Dec 6–9, 2009; Houston, TX. American Association for Cancer Research, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.prev-09-b135.

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Reports on the topic "Hepatitis C Prevention Victoria"

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Jenkins, J. Lee, Edbert B. Hsu, Anna Russell, Allen Zhang, Lisa M. Wilson, and Eric B. Bass. Infection Prevention and Control for the Emergency Medical Services and 911 Workforce. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepctb42.

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Objectives. To summarize current evidence on exposures to infectious pathogens in the emergency medical services (EMS) and 911 workforce, and on practices for preventing, recognizing, and controlling occupationally acquired infectious diseases and related exposures in that workforce. Review methods. We obtained advice on how to answer four Guiding Questions by recruiting a panel of external experts on EMS clinicians, State-level EMS leadership, and programs relevant to EMS personnel, and by engaging representatives of professional societies in infectious diseases and emergency medicine. We searched PubMed®, Embase®, CINAHL®, and SCOPUS from January 2006 to March 2022 for relevant studies. We also searched for reports from State and Federal Government agencies or nongovernmental organizations interested in infection prevention and control in the EMS and 911 workforce. Results. Twenty-five observational studies reported on the epidemiology of infections in the EMS and 911 workforce. They did not report demographic differences except for a higher risk of hepatitis C in older workers and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in minorities. EMS clinicians certified/licensed in Advanced Life Support have a high risk for blood and fluid exposure, and EMS clinicians had a higher risk of hospitalization or death from SARS-CoV-2 than firefighters whose roles were not primarily related to medical care. Eleven observational studies reported on infection prevention and control practices (IPC), providing some evidence that hand hygiene, standard precautions, mandatory vaccine policies, and on-site vaccine clinics are effective. Research on IPC in EMS and 911 workers has increased significantly since the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Conclusions. Moderate evidence exists on the epidemiology of infections and effectiveness of IPC practices in EMS and 911 workers, including hand hygiene, standard precautions, mandatory vaccine policies, and vaccine clinics. Most evidence is observational, with widely varying methods, outcomes, and reporting. More research is needed on personal protective equipment effectiveness and vaccine acceptance, and better guidance is needed for research methods in the EMS and 911 worker setting.
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