Relevant bibliographies by topics / Hepatitis B Victoria Prevention

Academic literature on the topic 'Hepatitis B Victoria Prevention'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Hepatitis B Victoria Prevention"

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Thompson, Sandra C., and Maureen Norris. "Hepatitis B Vaccination of Personnel Employed in Victorian Hospitals: Are Those at Risk Adequately Protected?" Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 20, no. 01 (January 1999): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/501552.

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AbstractObjective:To examine the policies and practices in hospitals within the state of Victoria, Australia, with respect to vaccination of staff against hepatitis B infection.Design:A written self-administered questionnaire to be completed by the infection control officer (or designated officer for hepatitis B vaccination) within each hospital.Setting:Public (teaching and nonteaching) and private hospitals, including metropolitan and rural institutions in Victoria.Participants:A random sample of 30% of Victorian hospitals were asked to participate in the survey. Of 78 eligible institutions, 69 (88%) completed and returned questionnaires.Results:There was no consistent hepatitis B prevention policy in place across Victoria. Of the 69 responding hospitals, 63 (91%) offered hepatitis B vaccination to staff, and 58 (84%) of these also paid all costs of vaccination. Of the 63 hospitals offering vaccination to staff, 39 offered vaccination to all staff, 23 offered vaccination based on job title, and one offered vaccination based on anticipated exposure. In many institutions, postexposure protocols were recalled more readily than preexposure vaccination guidelines. Numerous respondents indicated a need for clear guidelines on policy and clarification on practical matters of management, such as acceptable immune levels, management of nonresponders to the primary series, and the need for, and timing of, booster doses of vaccine. Eleven (18%) of the 63 hospitals offering hepatitis B vaccination to staff undertook routine prevaccination screening, a practice not generally regarded as cost-effective in Australia. Fifty-five of these hospitals (91%) also undertook postvaccination screening.Conclusions:It is evident from this study that a considerable number of potentially susceptible healthcare personnel in Victorian hospitals remain unprotected against hepatitis B infection. A more reliable and consistent approach to preexposure hepatitis B vaccination is recommended
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FAYYAZ, MOHAMMAD, Muhammad Ayub Khan, MASROOR ALI QAZI, Ghulam Mohyud Din `Chaudhary, and GULZAR AHMED. "HEPATITIS B, C & HIV." Professional Medical Journal 13, no. 04 (December 16, 2006): 632–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2006.13.04.4941.

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Objective: To determine the prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV in healthyblood donors in Blood Transfusion Services, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur. Design: Prospective observationalstudy. Setting: Blood Transfusion Services, Bahawal Victoria Hospital (BVH), affiliated with Quaid-e-Azam medicalCollege Bahawalpur. Period: From 1 January t st o 31st December 2005. Methods and Materials: All the personscoming for blood donations , at the BVH facility, were included. Clinically anaemic, ill, past history of jaundice and ageof less than 18 or more than 50 years were excluded. All the donors (27938) from various areas of Bahawalpur,Bahawalnagar, Lodhran, Vehari and Rahim Yar Khan districts, were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs)Antigen, hepatitis C antibody (Anti HCV) & Human Immuno-deficiency Virus Antibody (Anti-HIV)on sera by one StepTest Device. All the positives cases were confirmed by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay. Results: Out of total27938, 25420(91%) were male. Mean age was 28 years with age range 18-50. No HIV positive case was detected.HBV was 2.69%, slightly more than HCV, 2.52%. Males were significantly (p<0.02) more infected than females.Conclusion: Risk of transmission of viral hepatitis is a major problem of blood transfusion. Frequency of viral hepatitisin blood donors is higher in our area as compared to rest of the world. HIV infection is very low. Preventive strategiesinclude good blood transfusion services along with safe sex and other measures.
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Adamson, E., N. Yussf, and E. Schreiber. "Using Liver Cancer Prevention Messages to Scale up the Diagnosis and Treatment of People Living With Hepatitis B." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 132s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.32800.

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Background and context: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a major public health issue in Australia, affecting an estimated 238,000 people. If not appropriately managed, chronic hepatitis B infection can cause cirrhosis and liver cancer. Liver cancer has the fastest increasing incidence rate of all cancers in Australia, and its survival is among the lowest. To reduce the burden of liver cancer, more people with CHB need to be diagnosed and treated. The majority of people living in Australia with CHB (61%) were born overseas, and research indicates people have low levels of understanding about hepatitis B, and its link to liver cancer. Cancer Council Victoria developed several communication campaigns to increase testing and diagnosis for hepatitis B in the Vietnamese and south Sudanese communities living in Victoria. Aim: •To raise awareness about hepatitis B and the link to liver cancer in the Vietnamese and south Sudanese community •To increase understanding about diagnosis, vaccination and management •To mobilize the community to talk to their trusted GP about hepatitis and to be tested. Strategy/Tactics: The campaign strategy was designed to address the knowledge barriers to testing for these two communities. To inform the strategy, qualitative focus groups and community interviews were used to identify perceptions of hepatitis B and liver cancer, as well as the barriers and motivators to testing. Both communities identified their local doctor as a trusted source of health information. Two media campaigns were developed featuring a known doctor from each community. An additional campaign was tailored specifically for young south Sudanese people using hip hop music as method of disseminating key messages about liver cancer prevention. Program/Policy process: The campaigns were designed by the Screening, Early Detection and Immunization Team at Cancer in Council Victoria, Australia. Outcomes: Digital metrics and face to face interviews with community members, nurses and doctors were used to assess the impact of the campaigns. Evaluation results also indicated people did visit their doctor to talk about hepatitis B. The success in motivating people to see their doctor was attributed to the campaigns featuring a message about liver cancer being caused by hepatitis B, and it being led by a known and respected doctor from their own community. What was learned: Cancer organizations can target liver cancer prevention efforts to · increase awareness about liver cancer and hepatitis B in at risk communities; · motivate at risk people to visit their doctor for hepatitis B testing, vaccination and treatment by linking the prevention of liver cancer to hepatitis treatment; · tailor communications to the specific needs of different culturally diverse communities; · collaborate closely with communities from culturally diverse backgrounds to ensure campaign messages and calls to action are culturally appropriate.
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MacLachlan, Jennifer H., and Benjamin C. Cowie. "Uptake and trends in ordering of funded hepatitis B immunisation for priority populations in Victoria, Australia, 2013–2014." Sexual Health 14, no. 2 (2017): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh16002.

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Background The Department of Health and Human Services in Victoria provides funded hepatitis B vaccine to many priority groups at risk of acquiring infection. We aimed to determine the uptake of vaccine ordering for at-risk groups over time, to assess any trends and identify any gaps in prevention of hepatitis B for those at risk. Methods: Routinely collected administrative data regarding the indication for vaccine ordered by practitioners were analysed for the period June 2013 to December 2014. Number of doses and courses distributed was determined and compared with the estimated size of the priority populations. Results: During the 18-month period assessed, 20 498 doses of funded hepatitis B vaccine were ordered, equating to ~5700 complete courses, with the overall number of orders per quarter increasing between 2013 and 2014. The most common indication was being a household or sexual contact of people living with hepatitis B (2803 courses, 49.2% of the total), equating to approximately one course per new chronic hepatitis B notification. The remaining doses were largely distributed to people living with HIV (648 courses, 11.4%), people living with hepatitis C (621 courses, 10.9%), and people who inject drugs (594 courses, 10.4%). Conclusions: This analysis demonstrates that access to hepatitis B immunisation among priority populations appears to have increased in Victoria during 2013–14, however it could still be improved. Continued assessment of these data over time will be important to measure the impact of interventions on increasing the reach of the funded vaccine program.
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Body, Amy, Jennifer F. Hoy, Allen C. Cheng, and Michelle L. Giles. "Incident hepatitis B infection subsequent to the diagnosis of HIV infection in a Melbourne cohort: missed opportunities for prevention." Sexual Health 11, no. 1 (2014): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh13019.

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Background The characteristics associated with incident hepatitis B (HBV) infection in HIV-positive individuals are not well described in the Australian setting. The aim of this study is to determine the characteristics of and risk factors for HBV infection within HIV-infected individuals in a Melbourne cohort between 1985 and 2011. Methods: Individuals susceptible to HBV at their HIV diagnosis were identified using their HBV serology stored within the Victorian HIV database. Within this group, those who had a subsequent positive test for hepatitis B surface antigen or hepatitis B core antibody were identified as infected with HBV after their HIV diagnosis. Incident cases were matched with controls from the initially susceptible group who did not seroconvert for analysis. An incidence rate was calculated from the number of seroconversions and the cumulative time at risk (in 1000 patient-years of follow-up). Results: Of the 4711 patients with HIV seen more than once, 3223 had HBV testing. Of the 174 with positive HBV test results, 39 individuals met the definition of seroconversion after HIV diagnosis, representing the incident cases. The estimated HBV incidence rate was 1.81 (95% confidence interval: 1.28–2.47) per 1000 patient-years at risk. These individuals form the basis of a detailed case series and case–control study. Data collected include demographic details, immunological and virological characteristics, antiretroviral treatment and vaccination history. Conclusions: HIV-infected individuals should be screened for HBV and monitored for incident infection. Optimal control of HIV and improved vaccination coverage provide the best opportunity for prevention.
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DAUD, SEEMA, IRAM MANZOOR, and NOREEN RAHAT HASHMI. "PREVENTION OF HEPATITIS B." Professional Medical Journal 14, no. 04 (October 12, 2007): 634–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2007.14.04.4829.

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Objective: To assess the knowledge and practice of first year MBBS students, for the prevention ofHepatitis B. Design: Descriptive study. Place and Duration of study: The study was conducted at Lahore Medical &Dental College, Lahore. The data was collected in two weeks in December, 2006. Methodology: A total of 50 studentswere recruited using a non probability random sampling technique, through the lottery method. A pre-tested structuredquestionnaire was administered to collect information about the knowledge and practice of students about theprevention of hepatitis B. Data was presented in the form of simple tables and graphs. Results: Out of 50 students,majority (96%) responded that it was a disease of liver. Regarding knowledge about the communicability of HepatitisB, 78% said it was communicable, 19% assumed that it was water borne. Other responses included spread via bloodtransfusion (28%), through use of injection (21%), close physical contact (8%) and un-hygienic conditions (18%). Forprevention of Hepatitis B, the more common responses were, provision of clean water (24%), improvement in hygiene(27%), restriction to single sex partner (6%), avoidance of sharing syringes and needles (19%), screening blood beforetransfusion (9%) and vaccination (15%). The high risk group was identified as the poor people living in unhygienicconditions (34%), surgeons (32%), barbers (12%), Intravenous drug users (8%), recipient of blood transfusion (6%)and uneducated people (6%). Only 1 respondent (2%) said that sex workers could be at risk of getting this disease.When inquired about their vaccination status, 66% of students admitted to have been vaccinated against Hepatitis B,while 34% of have not been vaccinated. Conclusion: The present study concludes that there is lack of awarenessamong the medical students entering into the profession about the hazards of Hepatitis B, its routes of spread and itsmodes of prevention. Similarly, all the students were not vaccinated against Hepatitis B, which made them veryvulnerable to this disease.
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Chang, M. H., and D. S. Chen. "Prevention of Hepatitis B." Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine 5, no. 3 (March 1, 2015): a021493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a021493.

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Bastien, M. R. "Prevention of hepatitis B." Archives of Dermatology 125, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 212–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archderm.125.2.212.

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Bastien, Michael R. "Prevention of Hepatitis B." Archives of Dermatology 125, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archderm.1989.01670140064010.

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Poland, Gregory A., and Robert M. Jacobson. "Prevention of Hepatitis B with the Hepatitis B Vaccine." New England Journal of Medicine 351, no. 27 (December 30, 2004): 2832–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmcp041507.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hepatitis B Victoria Prevention"

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Sangfelt, Per. "Prevention and treatment of hepatitis B virus infection /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-301-9/.

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Reed, Barry Edwin. "The implications of hepatitis B for dental practice." University of Sydney, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4834.

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Master of Dental Surgery
This work was digitised and made available on open access by the University of Sydney, Faculty of Dentistry and Sydney eScholarship . It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the Faculty will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - ses@library.usyd.edu.au
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Zuckerman, Jane Nicola. "Prevention of viral hepatitis A and B by immunisation." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336638.

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Machiya, Tichaona. "Knowledge, attitudes and practices of healthcare workers at the Princess Marina Hospital in Botswana, regarding hepatitis B prevention and control." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/457.

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Thesis (MPH))University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2011.
Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a highly infectious virus responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality world wide. Chronic HBV carriers can transmit HBV parenterally in a hospital setting putting healthcare workers (HCWs) and their patients at risk of infection. Aim and objectives: This study aimed to investigate knowledge, attitudes and practices towards prevention and control of HBV amongst nurses, doctors and laboratory personnel. Objectives were to determine: (a) the knowledge; (b) the attitudes; (c) the practices of nurses, doctors and laboratory personnel; (d) if there are any associations between (1) knowledge and practice, and (2) attitudes and practice; (e) the predictors of HBV vaccination uptake. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to doctors, laboratory staff and nurses at Princess Marina Hospital. Results: Two hundred questionnaires were distributed and a total of 117 were returned, giving an overall response rate of 58.5%. More doctors had good knowledge (38.9% [7/18]), followed by 20% (4/20) of laboratory staff and 11.4% (9/79) of nurses. Most staff (100% [20/20] of laboratory staff; 97.5% [77/79] of nurses; 94.4% [17/18] of doctors) had positive attitudes. More laboratory staff (100 [20/20]) displayed good practices, followed by nurses (94.9% [75/79]); and lastly doctors (88.9% [16/18]). There were no significant associations between knowledge or attitudes and practices. Vaccination was inadequate, with 50.9% (59/116) of HCWs having received at least one dose, and of these only 61% (36/59) receiving all 3 doses. Needle stick injuries occurred in 31.6% (37/117), while 33.9% (39/115) reported blood or body fluid splashes. None of the HCWs accessed PEP after exposure. Being a laboratory worker (OR: 148.4) or doctor (OR: 125.7) were the only predictors of vaccination uptake. Conclusion: There is need to increase knowledge of HCWs, vaccination availability, vaccination uptake, PEP, and reduce the exposures of HCWs.
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Ohlson, Emilia, and Frida Bladh. "Knowledge about hepatitis B and attitudes towards hepatitis B vaccination among university students in Thailand : A quantitative study." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-272494.

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Introduction: Hepatitis B is a highly contagious infection. Basic knowledge about hepatitis B is necessary; with more knowledge people take preventive actions against hepatitis B, such as using stick proof cannulas. In Thailand an expected number of 8-20% of the population are currently carriers of the HBV infection.   Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the knowledge about hepatitis B and the attitudes towards the vaccination among Thai university students.   Method: A cross-sectional study with a quantitative method was used. 280 students participated in the study, and the response rate was 93.9 %. The data was analysed using SPSS Statistics 20.   Result: Both genders had poor knowledge about hepatitis B, however 91.1 % of the students had heard about hepatitis B. About half of the students (55.4 %) knew correctly that hepatitis B is sexually transmitted and 40.0 % of the students knew that hepatitis B could cause liver cancer. There was no significant difference in knowledge between the genders. The attitudes towards the vaccine were satisfactory between both genders, 89.3 % of the students knew that healthy people need the vaccination and 81.1 % believed that they would receive the vaccination. However, only 43.6 % knew that the vaccination could be free or low cost through certain programs. There was a significant difference (p-value = 0.042) between the genders; the male students had a more positive attitude towards the vaccine than the female students.   Conclusion: The results from the Thai students showed that more information about the Hepatitis infection is needed to raise awareness among this certain group of people. Information about how it is transmitted is essential to improve the public health. It is also important to improve the individual's self-care, to encourage them to receive the vaccination. From a nursing point of view improving the knowledge about HBV and a positive attitude towards the vaccine in the prolonging contribute to improve the public health by getting a lower rate of cases with HBV.
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Yuen, Man-fung, and 袁孟峰. "Chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the Chinese: natural history, sequelae, treatment and prevention." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B2333177X.

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Satekge, Mpho Margaret. "Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding the prevention of hepatitis B virus infections, in final year college student nurses in Gauteng Province." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/236.

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Thesis (MPH)--University of Limpopo, 2010.
Introduction: Hepatitis B infection is a serious blood-borne disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) which attacks the liver, and is the leading cause of liver cancer and cirrhosis of the liver. HBV can be transmitted through exposure to infected blood and human secretions through needle stick / sharps injuries and splashes. Thus nurses are at high risk for HBV infection. The aim of the study: To investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding the prevention of hepatitis B virus infections, in final year college student nurses in Gauteng province. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative survey on 350 final year nursing students was conducted in three Gauteng province nursing colleges, using an anonymous self administered questionnaire with questions on knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding HBV. The data were analysed using SPSS (statistical package for social science studies). Results: Of 350 questionnaires distributed, 312 student nurses returned completed forms (response rate: 89.14% [312/350]). The majority were females (86.8% [270/331]) and were below 31 years of age (30.1% [93/309]). The majority (87.6% [271/310]) had good knowledge of the causes and prevention of HBV. The unvaccinated respondents had fairly low positive attitudes, with a mean, mode and median score of 1 (possible score from -4 to +4). The majority (79% [244/310]) practiced good compliance with universal precautions of, and the majority (64.9% [202/311]) were vaccinated. College A displayed significantly higher knowledge (p<0.001), positive attitudes (p=0.001) and safer practices (p<0.001) than college B and C.
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Lukhwareni, Azwidowi. "Exploring the Impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Hepatitis B Virus Diagnosis, Prevention and Control in Co-infected Adult South African Patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/242.

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Thesis (D Phil. (Medical Virology))--2008.
Background and Objectives: South Africa is one of the countries highly affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections. Some drugs (e.g. lamivudine) used as part of combination antiretroviral regimens for HIV treatment have dual activity against HBV and HIV. Despite high infection rate with both viruses, routine screening for HBV before initiation of treatment for HIV is not yet a standard practice. This study undertook to investigate: (1) the burden of HBV co-infection in HIV-positive patients enrolling for highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) at Dr George Mukhari hospital, (2) the impact of anti-HBV containing HAART regimens on HBV during the management of HBV/HIV co-infected patients, (3) the co-evolution of HBV and HIV drug-resistant strains, and (4) the correlation of HBV genotypes with response to anti-HBV containing HAART regimens. Study Population and Methods: To investigate the burden of HBV/HIV co-infections, a cohort of 192 HIV patients who were candidates for ARV treatment at Dr George Mukhari hospital were studied by screening for HBV serological markers (HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti- HBc) (Elecsys 2010, Roche Diagnostics) and HBV DNA with an in-house nested PCR assay targeting HBV polymerase gene. Quantitation of HBV DNA positive samples was performed with Roche Cobas Taqman HBV test 48 assay. To investigate the impact of lamivudine-containing HAART regimens on HBV during the management of HBV/HIV co-infected patients, as well as the coevolution of HBV and HIV drug-resistant strains, a total of 78 patients were studied. HBV virological response against lamivudine containing-HAART regimens [1a (lamivudine, stavudine and efaverenz); 1b (lamivudine, stavudine and neviripine)] was measured (Cobas Taqman HBV test 48, Roche diagnostics). HBV direct sequencing targeting HBV polymerase gene was performed on all baseline samples (n=78) and additional samples collected at various time points (n = 45). Direct sequencing was also performed on 30 HIV baseline samples targeting the HIV reverse transcriptase and protease genes (Spectru-Medix SCE 2410 Genetic Analysis System and ABI PRISM® 3100 Genetic Analyzer version 3.7). To explore the genetic diversity of HBV and HIV strains circulating in Pretoria and surrounding areas, as well as the correlation of HBV genotypes with response to lamivudine-containing-HAART regimens in co-infected patients, all baseline and follow-up HBV and HIV sequences were analysed, compared and correlated with treatment. Sequence alignments and phylogenetic studies for both HBV and vi HIV were conducted with MAFFT, Mega 4 and neighbour joining phylogenetic trees generated with the PHYLIP programme. Results: Three significant findings were observed in this study. Firstly, the majority of South African HIV patients enrolling for HAART were exposed to HBV infection and either had acute or chronic HBV infections. A total of 63.0% of patients were found to have one or more HBV markers, with 40.6% having detectable HBV DNA as an indication of replication. The study also detected 22.9% with positive HBsAg, and 23% of 77% HBsAg-negative patients having occult hepatitis B infection. Secondly, HBV/HIV co-infected patients do benefit during the management of HIV infections with lamivudine-containing HAART regimens. A total of 68.4% of patients responded to HAART, with undetectable HBV DNA during 18 to 24 months of follow-up. A total of 91.3% of HIV patients also responded to HAART with an undetectable HIV viral load during 6 to 12 months of follow-up. However, a total of 18% of patients had persistent HBV DNA, yielding various HBV virological responses against lamivudine containing-HAART regimens. This proportion of patients poses a question regarding the management of HBV and HIV coinfections, as guidelines on the use of HAART with anti-HBV activity from developed countries, may not necessarily be followed in developing countries. The results further showed that baseline drug-resistance was more frequent with HIV than HBV in this cohort of patients. The following HIV primary drug resistant mutants were observed: nine major NRT's primary mutants, M41L (1/30), E44A (1/30), V75M (1/30), F77L (1/30), V118I (1/30), M184V (1/30), L210S (1/30), T215Y (1/30) and V90I (1/30), and five major NNRT’s primary mutants were also detected, K103N (3/30), Y318CFSY (1/30), E138Q (1/30), P225H (1/30) and K238T. However, all followup samples had undetectable HIV viral load. In contrast to HIV, only one patient was detected with HBV mutant, M204I, at baseline. The mutant reversed to wild type during 6 months and other follow-up (12, 18 and 24 months). Finally, this study indicated that the HBV genotype A is still the most prevalent genotype circulating in South Africa. Of the 78 HBV sequences, 77 were genotype A and 1 sequence was genotype G. This is the first report from Africa of the detection of HBV genotype G. HIV subtype C remains the predominant prevailing subtype in South Africa. HBV genotype or HIV subtype C was not observed to influence any treatment outcome following treatment with vii lamivudine-containing HAART regimens. The study also indicated that patients on lamivudinecontaining HAART regimens do benefit not only by suppressing HIV and HBV viral load, but also improving immunity (i.e. CD4 cells count increases). Conclusion: Overall, the present study highlights the need for screening HBV before initiation of any HAART containing anti-HBV regimens in HBV/HIV co-infected patients. It necessitates the use of molecular assays for effective laboratory in diagnosis of occult HBV infections in HIVpositive patients, especially in developing countries where these assays are not widely available. While lamivudine-containing HAART regimens do benefit both HBV and HIV patients in co-infected individuals, however, whether HBV virological response is temporary or sustained is unknown at this stage. What is certain is that these patients require an effective monitoring programme as (1) a small percentage experience variable HBV virological responses (partial, reactivation, or no response), and (2) hepatitic flares are likely to develop if HAART is terminated (e.g. by patient), or the current HAART regimen is switched to another regimen without anti-HBV activity. HBV genotype A remains the dominant genotype in South Africa, but novel genotypes can be detected. HIV subtype C was found to be the prevalent subtype. HBV genotype or HIV subtype C were not seen to influence any treatment outcome following treatment with lamivudine-containing HAART regimens. Recommendations: HIV patients should be screened for HBV before initiation of anti-HBV containing HAART regimens. The screening of HBV in HIV patients is also important since some drugs included as part of HAART (e.g. nevirapine) may cause hepatotoxicity and exacerbate HBV infections leading to increased morbidity and mortality due to liver complications. Immunization and immune boosters of HIV patients with low (< 10IU/L) or no immunity against HBV should be done as this could be beneficial, although these patients may not respond optimally, or their immunity may wane faster due to immunocompromised status. Monitoring of both HBV and HIV resistant strains should be conducted for timely detection for the occurrence of multiple resistant mutations, which could limit future therapeutic option for both viruses.
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Mancke, Lida Victoria [Verfasser], and Maura [Akademischer Betreuer] Dandri. "Humanized chimeric uPA mouse model for the study of Hepatitis B and D virus interactions and preclinical drug evaluation / Lida Victoria Mancke. Betreuer: Maura Dandri." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1032990562/34.

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Шуль, У. А., and О. В. Чудінова. "Епідеміологічні особливості вірусного гепатиту В у м. Львові за 2012-2014 роки." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/43165.

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Вірусні гепатити з контактним механізмом передачі в Україні за ступенем негативного впливу на здоров’я населення займають домінуюче місце у структурі інфекційної патології. Актуальність вірусного гепатиту В (ВГВ) зумовлена високим рівнем захворюваності, складністю патогенезу, недостатньою ефективністю лікування, важкими ускладненнями та наслідками хвороби. Хронізація ВГВ спостерігається в середньому у 5-15 % випадків, у частини хворих можливий подальший розвиток цирозу та раку печінки. За даними ВООЗ, у світі на хронічний ВГВ страждає понад 350 мільйонів осіб.
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Books on the topic "Hepatitis B Victoria Prevention"

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Centers for Disease Control (U.S.), ed. Hepatitis B prevention and pregnancy: How to protect your baby against hepatitis B. Atlanta, Ga: Hepatitis Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, 1994.

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1968-, Zhang Weiying, and Ye Lihong, eds. Hepatitis B virus research focus. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2008.

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Belec, Michel. Programme de lutte contre l'hépatite B. [Mamoudzou]: Collectivité territoriale de Mayotte, Direction des affaires sanitaires et sociales, 1993.

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New York (State). Dept. of Health., ed. Perinatal hepatitis B prevention program: 1990-1993 report. [New York]: The Department, 1993.

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Yin, Guoyou. Yi xing gan yan fan zhi 30 fa. Beijing: Jin dun, 2002.

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Canada. Parliament. House of Commons. Standing Committee on Health and Welfare, Social Affairs, Seniors and the Status of Women. Hepatitis B: Report of the Standing Committee on Health and Welfare, Social Affairs, Seniors and the Status of Women. [Ottawa]: Queen's Printer for Canada, 1992.

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Canada, Parliament House of Commons Standing Committee on Health and Welfare Social Affairs Seniors and the Status of Women. Hepatitis B: Issue no. 6 of Minutes of proceedings and evidence of the Standing Committee on Health and Welfare, Social Affairs, Seniors and the Status of Women. [Ottawa]: Queen's Printer for Canada, 1992.

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Reform, United States Congress House Committee on Oversight and Government. Viral hepatitis: The secret epidemic : hearing before the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, second session, June 17, 2010. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2011.

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The war against hepatitis B: A history of the International Task Force on Hepatitis B Immunization. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1995.

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Saskatchewan Subcommittee on HIV/AIDS. Guidelines for the management of potential exposures to Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, HIV, and recommendations for post-exposure prophyalxis. Saskatchewan: Saskatchewan Health, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Hepatitis B Victoria Prevention"

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Karaca, Nilay, and Çetin Karaca. "Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HBV." In Viral Hepatitis: Chronic Hepatitis B, 65–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93449-5_6.

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Michalak, Tomasz I. "Immunology of hepatitis B virus." In Hepatitis Prevention and Treatment, 87–105. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7903-3_5.

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Blatt, Lawrence M., and Myron Tong. "Epidemiology of chronic hepatitis viruses: hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus." In Hepatitis Prevention and Treatment, 29–38. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7903-3_2.

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Prince, Alfred M., Richard Mahoney, and James Maynard. "Prevention of Hepatitis B Infection." In Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease, 517–19. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68255-4_134.

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Condreay, Lynn D., and Sarah A. Harris. "Molecular virology of hepatitis B virus." In Hepatitis Prevention and Treatment, 39–65. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7903-3_3.

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Chang, Mei-Hwei. "Hepatitis B Virus and Cancer Prevention." In Clinical Cancer Prevention, 75–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10858-7_6.

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Kurstak, Edouard. "Control and prevention of hepatitis B virus infection." In Viral Hepatitis, 128–48. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-4437-4_16.

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Brown, Nathaniel A., and Richard E. Boehme. "Current treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection." In Hepatitis Prevention and Treatment, 125–40. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7903-3_7.

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Umenai, Takusei, Takashi Takahashi, Yoji Goto, Toshio Akiba, and Nobuhiko Okabe. "Prevention of Hepatitis B in Asia." In Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease, 520–21. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68255-4_135.

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Chang, Mei-Hwei. "Prevention of Viral Hepatitis B and Related Complications." In Viral Hepatitis in Children, 133–48. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0050-9_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Hepatitis B Victoria Prevention"

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Huang, Jiaqi, Måns Magnusson, Anna Törner, Weimin Ye, and Ann-Sofi Duberg. "Abstract A07: Risk of pancreatic cancer among individuals with hepatitis C or hepatitis B virus infection: A nationwide study in Sweden." In Abstracts: Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; Oct 27-30, 2013; National Harbor, MD. American Association for Cancer Research, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1940-6215.prev-13-a07.

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AlMunif, Sara, Nouf Al Enizi, and Majid AlShamrani. "72 Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B in king abdulaziz medical city, riyadh." In Patient Safety Forum 2019, Conference Proceedings, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2019-psf.72.

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Miralles Andreu, G., M. Pomares Bernabeu, S. Gutiérrez Palomo, IP Jiménez Pulido, L. Soriano Irigaray, and A. Navarro Ruiz. "5PSQ-156 Compliance of recommendations for the prevention of hepatitis B virus reactivation during daratumumab treatment." In 25th Anniversary EAHP Congress, Hospital Pharmacy 5.0 – the future of patient care, 23–28 March 2021. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2021-eahpconf.275.

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Low, Jia Ming, and Guan-Huei Lee. "289 Knowledge and awareness of maternal chronic hepatitis carriers to perinatal antiviral use in prevention of mother-to-child hepatitis B virus transmission." In RCPCH Conference Singapore. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2021-rcpch.160.

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Butarbutar, Tonggo Margareta, Misnaniarti, and Rostika Flora. "Correlation Between Timing of Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin to the Effectiveness of Mother to Child Transmission Prevention Program." In 2nd Sriwijaya International Conference of Public Health (SICPH 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ahsr.k.200612.067.

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Kumar, Vijay, Atish Mukherji, and Vaibhao Janbandhu. "Abstract B78: The X protein of hepatitis B virus induces PI3K/Akt pathway to overcome gentoxic stress-related cyclin D1 degradation and growth arrest." In Abstracts: Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research 2008. American Association for Cancer Research, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.prev-08-b78.

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Castro, Ana Rita Motta, Livia Lima, Larissa Bandeira, Selma Gomes, Barbara Lago, Grazielli Rezende, and Gabriela Alves Cesar. "Hepatitis B: changes in epidemiological features of Afrodescendant communities in Central Brazil." In XIII Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de DST - IX Congresso Brasileiro de AIDS - IV Congresso Latino Americano de IST/HIV/AIDS. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/dst-2177-8264-202133p142.

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Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still a concern in vulnerable populations. In a study performed by our team in 1999–2003 in two Afro-Brazilian communities, Furnas dos Dionísios (FD) and São Benedito (SB), high prevalence rates of HBV exposure (42.7% and 16.0%, respectively), high susceptibility to HBV (55.3% and 63.0%, respectively) and low HBV vaccination like profile rates (2.0% and 21.0%, respectively) were observed. Objective: In 2015–2016, we reassessed epidemiological and molecular features of HBV in these two communities to verify the impact of health actions adopted in the past years. Methods: Serum samples were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the presence of HBsAg, hepatitis B core antibody (total anti-HBc), and hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) (Biokit S.A., Barcelona, Spain). Cobas® e601 analyzer (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany) was used to test the presence of HBeAg, anti- -HBe, and anti-HBc IgM in HBsAg-positive samples. The complete pre-S/S HBV region (nt 2826–nt 841) was amplified by semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The prevalence rate of HBV exposure among the enrolled 331 subjects was 35.3% in FD and 21.8% in SB. HBV chronic infection (5.8% in FD, 4.9% in SB) remained high. The rate of HBV vaccination like profile rate increased from 10.7% to 43.5% (2.0%–45.9% in FD, 21.0%–39.5% in SB), while susceptible subjects declined from 58.9% to 26.3% (55.3%– 18.8% in FD, 63.0%–38.7% in SB). Among 18 HBsAg-positive samples, 13 were successfully sequenced (pre-S/S region). Phylogenetic analyses showed that all isolates belong to HBV subgenotype A1, clustering within the Asian-American clade. Conclusion: Despite the maintenance of high prevalence rate of HBV exposure over these 13 years of surveillance, significant improvements were observed, reinforcing the importance of facilitated HBV vaccination to difficult-to-access population to close gaps in prevention.
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"Knowledge, Attitude and Perception of Incomplete Hepatitis B Vaccination Among Staff of University College Hospital, Ibadan." In International Conference on Public Health and Humanitarian Action. International Federation of Medical Students' Associations - Jordan, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56950/rfob4613.

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Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of occupational exposure to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Complete hepatitis B vaccination has over the years proved to be the most effective measure of prevention. However, majority of HCWs do not adhere strictly to the complete doses of the vaccine. Objective: This study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and perception of incomplete hepatitis B vaccination among the staff of University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan. Method: A total of 116 HCWs, selected from six departments of UCH were interviewed using a validated structured questionnaire. The collected data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Results: Of the 116 HCWs, 93 (80.3%) are aware that three doses of hepatitis B vaccine are required for complete protection. 106 (91.4%) have received the HBV vaccine out of which 58 (50.0%) have not completed the doses. 22 (37.9%) assumed that the dose of vaccine they had was enough, 19 (32.8%) and 12 (20.7%) attributed incomplete vaccination to the duration of vaccination and being busy. Conclusion: A significant number of HCWs are aware of the required doses for complete protection. Incomplete vaccination is associated with the perception and behaviour of the HCWs. This study suggests the provision of vaccine guidelines and sensitization on the health risk of incomplete vaccination to bridge the gap between the perception and behaviour of HCWs toward incomplete hepatitis B vaccination. Key Words: Knowledge, Attitude, Perception, Hepatitis B, Incomplete vaccination, Healthcare workers
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Fatimah, Mei, Supriyadi Hari Respati, and Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari. "Path Analysis Factors Affecting Pregnant Women Participation to The Triple Elimination Examination in Semarang, Central Java." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.105.

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ABSTRACT Background: Early diagnosis and immediate treatment during antenatal care are highly effective in to the prevention of mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT). The World Health Organization (WHO) launched the global initiative for the elimination of MTCT of syphilis, HIV, and Hepatitis B, and developed global guidance to reduce those incidences, named the triple elimination examination. This study aimed to examine factors affecting pregnant women participation to the triple elimination examination in Semarang, Central Java, using path analysis model. Subjects and Method: A cross sectional study was carried out at 25 community health centers in Semarang, Central Java, from December 2019 to February 2020. A sample of 200 pregnant women was selected by stratified random sampling. The dependent variable was participation to triple elimination examination. The independent variables were intention, attitude, outcome expectation, modeling, knowledge, husband support, access to information, and distance to the health center. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis run on Stata 13. Results: Pregnant women participation to the triple elimination examination was directly increased with strong intention (b= 4.68; 95% CI= 1.50 to 7.86; p= 0.004), positive attitude (b= 2.61; 95% CI= 1.08 to 4.13; p= 0.001), strong self-efficacy (b= 1.98; 95% CI= 0.38 to 3.57; p= 0.015), modeling (b= 1.93; 95% CI= 0.44 to 3.42; p= 0.011), positive outcome expectation (b= 2.38; 95% CI= 0.69 to 4.06; p= 0.006), high knowledge (b= 1.61; 95% CI= 0.05 to 3.17; p= 0.044), strong husband support (b= 1.65; 95% CI= 0.21 to 3.09; p= 0.025), and accessible information (b= 1.85; 95% CI= 0.29 to 3.40; p= 0.020). Participation to the triple elimination examination was directly decreased with distance to health service (b= -2.15; 95% CI= -3.73 to -0.57; p= 0.008). It was indirectly affected by attitude, knowledge, outcome expectation, and access to information. Conclusion: Pregnant women participation to the triple elimination examination is directly increased with strong intention, positive attitude, strong self-efficacy, modeling, positive outcome expectation, high knowledge, strong husband support, and accessible information. Participation to the triple elimination examination is directly decreased with distance to health service. It is indirectly affected by attitude, knowledge, outcome expectation, and access to information. Keywords: triple elimination, pregnant women, path analysis Correspondence: Mei Fatimah. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: meyfatimah21@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285801236097. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.105
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Reports on the topic "Hepatitis B Victoria Prevention"

1

A curriculum guide for public-safety and emergency-response workers. Prevention of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, February 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshpub89108.

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