Relevant bibliographies by topics / Hepatitis A Vaccination

Academic literature on the topic 'Hepatitis A Vaccination'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Hepatitis A Vaccination"

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Arnold, Jana Nele, Nils Gundlach, Irina Böckelmann, and Stefan Sammito. "Impfstatus von jungen Arbeitnehmern – Eine Erhebung bei Berufsanfängern der Bundeswehr." ASU Arbeitsmedizin Sozialmedizin Umweltmedizin 2020, no. 12 (November 27, 2020): 770–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17147/asu-2012-8715.

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Vaccination status of young employees: A survey of entrants in the Bundeswehr (German Federal Armed Forces) Objectives: In addition to the recommendations of the Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO) at the Robert-Koch-Institut, there are also jobrelated vaccination recommendations for special occupational groups. This applies equally to soldiers, but there is insufficient scientific data on vaccination rates. For this reason, the following study examined the extent of the vaccination gaps among young people entering the armed forces. Methods: As part of a cross-sectional study at Rotenburg (Wümme), Lower Saxony, the existing vaccination rates among soldiers in relation to tetanus, diphtheria, poliomyelitis, pertussis, measles, mumps, rubella, hepatitis A, hepatitis B and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) were recorded and compared statistically between the three recruitment quarters (II/ to IV/2016). Results: The vaccination booklets of 247 recruits (age: 20.5 ± 2.7 years) from three quarters were recorded. The rate of unavailable vaccination booklets was 23.1 %. The vaccination rates were between 2 % for TBE and 75 % for measles. Whilst low vaccination protection rates were identified for TBE and hepatitis A/B in particular, the rates were also found to be as low as 44–60 % for the „typical“ tetanus, poliomyelitis and diphtheria vaccinations. There were high numbers of „expired“ full protection: these ranged from 19 % (diphtheria) to 50 % (hepatitis B). Conclusions: The results of the study indicate a clear lack of vaccination protection in a random sample of German citizens with an average age of 20 who started their service in the Bundeswehr as young professionals. Although, as expected, this was very low for vaccinations that are not standard STIKO vaccinations (hepatitis A, TBE), there were also significant vaccine deficiencies in the vaccinations recommended by STIKO in the young adults examined here. Keywords: military – vaccination – prevention – infection disease
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Cassimos, Dimitrios C., Evgnosia Effraimidou, Snezana Medic, Theoharis Konstantinidis, Maria Theodoridou, and Helena C. Maltezou. "Vaccination Programs for Adults in Europe, 2019." Vaccines 8, no. 1 (January 20, 2020): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8010034.

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Background: While all European countries implement vaccination programs for children, there are gaps in terms of vaccination programs for adults. Methods: We studied the 2019 vaccination policies for adults in 42 European countries. Results: Vaccination programs for adults were in place in all countries. However, there were considerable differences between countries in terms of number of vaccinations, target populations and frame of implementation (recommended or mandatory vaccinations). In particular the following vaccination policies were in place: influenza (42 countries), tetanus (31), diphtheria (30), pneumococcus (29), hepatitis B (20), pertussis (18), measles (14), human papilloma virus (14), meningococcus tetravalent A,C,W,Y (14), rubella (13), hepatitis A (11), mumps (11), poliomyelitis (10), herpes zoster (9), varicella (8), tick-born encephalitis (8), meningococcus B (6), rabies (6), Haemophilus influenzae type b (5), tuberculosis (3), typhoid fever (3), meningococcus C (2), and yellow fever (1). Seventeen countries implement mandatory vaccinations, mainly against diphtheria, tetanus and hepatitis B. Conclusions: There are significant differences in vaccination programs for adults in Europe. Routine vaccination programs for adults need to be strengthened. A consensus-based vaccination program is needed.
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Lee, Jin Young, Ji Young Park, Young Hee Lee, Je Hun Kim, and Jong Woo Park. "Changes in the vaccination rate among healthcare workers in response to hospital policies." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 12, no. 04 (April 30, 2018): 250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.9940.

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Introduction: Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing infectious disease among healthcare workers (HCWs). Although HCWs are recommended to receive vaccination, the vaccination rates have been low. We sought to investigate the effect of HCWs’ vaccination recommendation program by the types of enforcement and influencing factors on compliance, with the aim of enhancing their immunity. Methodology: First and second interventions were carried out. During the first intervention, vaccinations were recommended through official documents. Hepatitis B vaccination was mandatory. Diphtheria toxoid, acellular pertussis (Tdap) and Hepatitis A vaccinations were recommended without financial support. MMR and varicella vaccinations were recommended with fees for the antibody test were covered by the hospital. One-to-one consultation (OC) regarding vaccination was held in the second intervention. Aside from the OC, the second intervention followed the same procedure as the first intervention for the antibody tests and vaccination, but differed in that pertussis vaccination fees were covered. Results: The immunization rates for infectious diseases were greater after the second intervention than the first intervention. The rate of immunized HCWs with hepatitis B virus was 100% at the end of the second intervention. The greatest increase in immunization rates from the first to the second intervention was that for pertussis, and the second greatest was that for hepatitis A. Age and working units were influencing factors on hepatitis A vaccine compliance. Conclusions: In order to increase vaccination rates, efforts must be made to deliver information to individual HCWs through OC as well as financial support including a mandatory policy.
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Varughese, Tilly, Michael Song, and Joachim Sackey. "1379. Vaccination Rates among Liver Transplant Recipients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Newark, NJ." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2021): S775—S776. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.1571.

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Abstract Background Transplant candidates and recipients are at increased risk of infectious complications of vaccine-preventable diseases due to their longstanding immunosuppressive regimens. We assessed the rates of vaccination in our liver transplant patients at University Hospital (UH) in Newark, NJ. Methods Retrospective chart-review including patients > 18 years old who underwent liver transplantation at UH for a 3-year period from 01/01/2017 to 07/20/2020. Data collected included demographics, clinical outcomes, eligibility and receipt of vaccinations before and after transplantation, protection titers after administration of hepatitis vaccinations and presence of an ID outpatient consultation. We looked at the following receipt of vaccinations: Prevnar-13, Pneumovax-23, Influenza, TDaP, Shingrix, Varivax, Havrix and Engerix/Heplisav. Characteristics of study participants was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-Square/Fisher’s Exact tests were used to test associations. Results 119 unique medical charts were reviewed and no patients were excluded. Of those patients who were eligible to receive Hepatitis A vaccination, only 44.8% were documented to receive vaccination and of those eligible to receive Hepatitis B vaccination, only 47.8% received it. Influenza vaccination pre-transplantation was 46% and 66.1% in post-transplant recipients. For the other vaccinations, during the pre-transplant period, 17.6 % of patients received Prevnar-13, 36.1% Pneumovax-23 and 20.2% TDaP and 26.1% received Shingrix. Patients who had ID consultation were significantly more likely to receive appropriate Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B vaccinations (p values 0.026 and 0.005). Conclusion We are not meeting national vaccination standards set by the American Society of Transplantation (AST) for optimal vaccination in this population. Our study can inform of possible solutions to increase vaccination rates in this population such as the simple addition of a smartphrase within EMR notes to remind providers to order appropriate vaccinations and eventually, a more long term solution of creation of a dedicated vaccination clinic and/or routine ID pre-transplant evaluations for all transplant candidates. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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Dsouza, Nikhil, and Manjunath Jeevanna Kulkarni. "Evaluating the efficacy of the hepatitis B vaccination in haemodialysis patients." Journal of Kidney Care 7, no. 6 (November 2, 2022): 279–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jokc.2022.7.6.279.

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Background: The vaccination of dialysis patients against hepatitis B is a standard of care. Data suggests that seroconversion following this vaccination is poor in dialysis patients. Methods: The authors compared the response of 67 incident dialysis patients who had received the hepatitis B vaccination to that of healthy subjects. Results: The authors found that only 60% of haemodialysis patients vaccinated against hepatitis B developed an immune response. Conclusions: Haemodialysis patients have a suboptimal response to hepatitis B vaccinations as compared to that of general population.
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Guo, Na, Jian Wang, Stephen Nicholas, Elizabeth Maitland, and Dawei Zhu. "Behavioral Differences in the Preference for Hepatitis B Virus Vaccination: A Discrete Choice Experiment." Vaccines 8, no. 3 (September 14, 2020): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030527.

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Understanding behavioral factors differences in the preferences for vaccinations can improve predictions of vaccine uptake rates and identify effective policy interventions to increase the demand for vaccinations. In this study, 353 adults in Shandong province in China were interviewed about their preferences for hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination. A discrete choice experiment (DCE) was employed to analyze the preference for HBV vaccinations, and a mixed logit model was used to estimate respondent preferences for vaccination attributes included in the DCE. While the protection rate against hepatitis B (HB), duration of protection, risk of side-effects, and vaccination cost were shown to influence adults’ preferences for HBV vaccination, adults valued “99% hepatitis B protection” above other attributes, followed by “20 years’ protection duration” and “1 in 150,000 risk of side-effects”. Individuals with lower time discount rates, non-overconfidence, or higher risk aversion were more likely to choose a vaccine. Lower risk aversion individuals showed a higher preference for lower risk of side-effects. Lower time discount rate individuals showed a higher preference for longer protection duration. Non-overconfidence individuals showed a higher preference for higher hepatitis B protection and cost. Interventions should be targeted to the behavioral determinants impeding vaccination.
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Maltezou, Helena C., Christos Rahiotis, Maria Tseroni, Phoebus Madianos, and Ioannis Tzoutzas. "Attitudes toward Vaccinations and Vaccination Coverage Rates among Dental Students in Greece." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 5 (March 1, 2022): 2879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052879.

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Our aim was to study attitudes toward vaccinations, full vaccination rates and susceptibility rates against vaccine-preventable diseases among students attending a University Dental School. A total of 134 students were studied. Full vaccination rates were as follows: 56.5% against measles and mumps, 70.6% against rubella, 32.3% against varicella, 44.1% against hepatitis A, 45.9% against hepatitis B, and 87.7% against COVID-19. In the past decade, 63.2% of students had received a booster shot against tetanus–diphtheria, 47.8% against pertussis, and 28.1% against poliomyelitis, while 29.4% of students had been vaccinated against influenza in the past year. Susceptibility rates were 40.4% for measles, 42.4% for mumps, 28.3% for rubella, 32.3% for varicella, 55.3% for hepatitis A, 54.1% for hepatitis B, 36.8% for tetanus–diphtheria, 52.2% for pertussis, and 71.9% for poliomyelitis. Overall, 123 (91.8%) students favored mandatory vaccinations, mainly for all dentists (88.4%), while 11.6% of students favored them only for dentists who provide care to high-risk patients. In conclusion, most dental students favored mandatory vaccinations, yet we found significant vaccination gaps and susceptibility rates against vaccine-preventable diseases. Vaccinations for dental students should be intensified. A national vaccination registry for healthcare personnel including dental students is urgently needed.
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Mikhailov, M. I., and K. K. Kyuregyan. "Contemporary strategy to control viral hepatitis A in the Russian Federation." Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology 98, no. 2 (May 5, 2021): 190–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-103.

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The problem of choosing a strategy to control hepatitis A in the Russian Federation remains relevant for the health care of our country. By strategy we mean a scientifically based program of action that defines the priorities and resources needed to effectively control hepatitis A.The aim of the work is to present a strategy to control hepatitis A in the Russian Federation, taking into account the realities of today. Based on the analysis of Russian and international studies, we present answers to the questions that should be addressed before the choosing a strategy to control hepatitis A in the Russian Federation. The low incidence of hepatitis A creates a false image of the favorable situation with this infection. The rationale is given to include vaccination against hepatitis A in the National Vaccination Schedule in the section of mandatory vaccinations. Routine vaccination of children aged 24 and 36 months will lay the foundation for future protection against this infection. We consider the creating a National Hepatitis A Vaccination Program as an important aim. The implementation of such a program will allow full control of hepatitis A in the Russian Federation.
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Kuznetsova, O. A., A. A. Golubkova, and N. V. Bashmakova. "Modern Practices of Vaccination of Children from Perinatal Risk Groups and Necessary Precaution." Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention 19, no. 5 (November 11, 2020): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2020-19-5-98-103.

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Relevance. In perinatal centres problems of timely vaccination of newborns arise more often than in maternity hospitals, as vaccinations against viral hepatitis B and tuberculosis in accordance with the National Calendar are carried out in an early neonatal period and in time coincide with the stage of treatment and rehabilitation of the newborn, which implies medical withdrawal from vaccination. Vaccination of newborns from high perinatal risk groups is one of the problems of modern vaccinology and immunology.Aims. On the basis of clinical and immunological characteristics of postnatal babies from mothers with gestational diabetes and fetoplacental insufficiency justify the necessity and safety of their vaccination in the maternity hospital of the perinatal center.Materials & Methods. A cohort retrospective case-control study was conducted, and 135 birth and developmental history and newborn disease were analyzed. Statistical processing was carried out package «Statistica».Results. The main nosological forms of pathology in maternity mothers and their newborn children, the volume of primary vaccination (against viral hepatitis B, tuberculosis) in maternity hospital in children with perinatal pathology and healthy newborns have been determined, and the reasons for medical contraindications to vaccinations against viral hepatitis B and tuberculosis have been established.Conclusions. Newborns from high perinatal risk groups can be vaccinated against viral hepatitis B and tuberculosis in the maternity hospital within the time frame specified by the National Calendar of Preventive Vaccinations. In addressing this issue, the fundamental criteria are to assess the clinical condition of newborns from women with gestational diabetes and fetoplacental insufficiency. Changes in immunological values of umbilical cord blood and in children of 1 month of life are not a criterion for medical withdrawal from vaccinations against viral hepatitis B and tuberculosis.
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Abdel-Rahman, Omar. "Patterns and association of vaccination among adults with a history of cancer in the USA: a population-based study." Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research 10, no. 11 (August 2021): 899–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/cer-2020-0251.

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Aim: To assess the association of vaccination status among adults with history of cancer in a population-based cohort in the USA. Materials & methods: National Health Interview Survey datasets (2008–2018) have been accessed and information about the patterns and associations of the following vaccinations were collected (influenza vaccination, pneumococcal vaccination, hepatitis B vaccination, hepatitis A vaccination and shingles vaccination). Association of different sociodemographic variables with each of the above types of vaccination was studied through multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: Private health insurance (vs no private insurance) was associated with higher percentages of recommended vaccination (influenza vaccination: 65 vs 59.7%; pneumococcal vaccination: 74.9 vs 68.8%; hepatitis B vaccination: 22.9 vs 19.3%; hepatitis A vaccination: 10.1 vs 8.6%; shingles vaccination: 33.8 vs 26.7%; p < 0.001 for all comparisons). Within multivariable logistic regression analyses, African American race, lower education and lower income were associated with less probability of adherence to recommended vaccination (for influenza vaccination; odds ratio (OR) for black race vs white race: 0.785; 95% CI: 0.717–0.859; OR for ≤high school vs >high school education: 0.763; 95% CI: 0.723–0.805; OR for income ≤US$45,000 vs >US$45,000: 0.701; 95% CI: 0.643–0.764). Conclusion: There is evidence of socio-economic disparities in adherence to recommended vaccination among this cohort of cancer survivors in the USA. More efforts need to be done to ensure that recommended vaccination is being delivered to all cancer survivors in need (including enhancing coverage and awareness to under-represented groups of the society).
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hepatitis A Vaccination"

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Sharma, Aditya. "Cost-effectiveness of Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B Vaccination for Jail Inmates." Yale University, 2008. http://ymtdl.med.yale.edu/theses/available/etd-08272007-114829/.

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Despite evidence that viral hepatitis poses a significant risk to public health, universal vaccination has not yet been implemented. The risk for viral hepatitis infection is particularly high among injection drug users and other individuals who do not attend regular health care visits. Jails provide a structural opportunity to vaccinate these high risk individuals. HAV and HBV vaccines administered on an accelerated three week schedule could dramatically decrease the lifetime risk for contracting viral hepatitis among jail detainees. Assuming that 75% of detainees would accept vaccination, 33% have previous exposure to HAV, 25% have previous exposure to HBV, and independent future healthcare costs were US $317,000, the US health care system would save $12 per individual with a vaccinate upon entry program in comparison to no intervention. This savings translates into an economic benefit amounting to about US$ 5,000,000 saved if all new jail inmates in a given year were immunized. A vaccination upon entry program for HAV/HBV in jails should be widely implemented with coordination between the corrections system and public health agencies to reduce the growing cost of viral hepatitis infection.
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Dannetun, Eva. "Reasons for non-vaccination /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-739-1/.

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Zhu, Sheng, and 朱晟. "Effect of the health belief model in explaining HBV screening and vaccination health behaviour : a systematic review." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193831.

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Objectives To systematically review all studies HBV screening and vaccination health behaviour according to the Health Belief Model theoretical framework including perceived susceptibility, severity, barriers and benefits, cues to action and self-efficacy. Methodology The literature search used PUBMED, MEDLINE, CINAHL plus, Wan Fang database, and Chinese Journal Net with English and Chinese language. About 73 studies (PUBMED: 33 MEDLINE: 10, CINAHL plus: 3, Wan Fang database: 16, Chinese journal net: 11) in total were identified; after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 11 studies met the criteria and in the final analysis. The target group included high infection rate groups (pregnant women, unprotected sexual behaviour, and immigrant group) and illness groups (chronic Hepatitis B and Hepatitis B virus carriers). Results and Discussion HBV screening and vaccination behaviour were determined by perceived the susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived barriers and benefits, and cues to action. The self-efficacy was seldom designed in the questionnaire of the reviewed articles. The Health belief model was a useful model for explaining HBV screening and vaccination behaviour. Screening- and vaccination-related beliefs of the screening and vaccination vary by high risk groups. From the review more attention to self-efficacy and perceived control may improve vaccination uptake. There were contrast results with the social economic characteristics, such as age, gender, income, in determining the HBV screening and vaccination behaviour. Conclusion and Implication As the policy maker, health care providers need to develop specific interventions paying attention to the different aspects of the Health Belief Model to improve the perceived of Hepatitis B virus.
published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
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Karthigesu, Vassandra Devi. "A study of hepatitis B virus variation and antigenic variants." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309416.

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Radix, Jane. "Hepatitis B vaccination as a component of routine adult care." Thesis, Teachers College, Columbia University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3621790.

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Though hepatitis B virus infection is vaccine preventable, it remains a leading cause of serious liver disease including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. With more than 2 million individuals living in the United States chronically infected, increasing the adult vaccination rate, currently estimated at only 26.3% based on large patient self-report surveys, is a public health imperative. Primary care visits represent an opportunity to assess hepatitis B risk and vaccination status, and to administer vaccine.

The purpose of the study was to determine the factors that affect primary care physician recommendation and delivery of hepatitis B vaccine as part of routine adult care, and measure vaccination rate in the primary care setting. A survey was developed, validated and completed online by a random sample of 319 physicians who provide routine primary care for >100 adult patients each month. Adult hepatitis B vaccination rate was calculated based on physician-reported caseload and number of vaccinations administered over a 6 month period. In addition to practice descriptors, 24 survey items assessed physician knowledge, attitudes and practices related to vaccination rate.

Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS software. The median and mean vaccination rates were 3.3% and 9.4%, respectively. Vaccination rates were highest among physicians practicing medicine for <10 years, in private hospital settings located in urban areas. Vaccination significantly correlated (p<.05) with routine assessment of hepatitis B risk, guidelines-based vaccination, and distribution of patient education materials. Focusing on history of intravenous drug use as the key indication for vaccination and concerns regarding related liability were found to be barriers to vaccination. Forward multiple linear regression analysis generated a model that predicted 26% of variance in vaccination rate, which suggested that physicians who have integrated risk assessment, discussion of vaccination rationale with patients, and vaccine delivery into their routine primary care practices exhibit higher vaccination rates.

The results suggest that adult hepatitis B vaccination rates may be increased through physician education that reinforces identification of CHB risk factors other than intravenous drug use and clarifies the limited nature of vaccine injury liability, as well as health policies that incentivize vaccination in the primary care setting.

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Baars, J. E. "Hard to reach? Hepatitis B vaccination among high-risk groups." [S.l.] : [The Author], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/14434.

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Ohlson, Emilia, and Frida Bladh. "Knowledge about hepatitis B and attitudes towards hepatitis B vaccination among university students in Thailand : A quantitative study." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-272494.

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Introduction: Hepatitis B is a highly contagious infection. Basic knowledge about hepatitis B is necessary; with more knowledge people take preventive actions against hepatitis B, such as using stick proof cannulas. In Thailand an expected number of 8-20% of the population are currently carriers of the HBV infection.   Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the knowledge about hepatitis B and the attitudes towards the vaccination among Thai university students.   Method: A cross-sectional study with a quantitative method was used. 280 students participated in the study, and the response rate was 93.9 %. The data was analysed using SPSS Statistics 20.   Result: Both genders had poor knowledge about hepatitis B, however 91.1 % of the students had heard about hepatitis B. About half of the students (55.4 %) knew correctly that hepatitis B is sexually transmitted and 40.0 % of the students knew that hepatitis B could cause liver cancer. There was no significant difference in knowledge between the genders. The attitudes towards the vaccine were satisfactory between both genders, 89.3 % of the students knew that healthy people need the vaccination and 81.1 % believed that they would receive the vaccination. However, only 43.6 % knew that the vaccination could be free or low cost through certain programs. There was a significant difference (p-value = 0.042) between the genders; the male students had a more positive attitude towards the vaccine than the female students.   Conclusion: The results from the Thai students showed that more information about the Hepatitis infection is needed to raise awareness among this certain group of people. Information about how it is transmitted is essential to improve the public health. It is also important to improve the individual's self-care, to encourage them to receive the vaccination. From a nursing point of view improving the knowledge about HBV and a positive attitude towards the vaccine in the prolonging contribute to improve the public health by getting a lower rate of cases with HBV.
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Siriyasatien, Padet. "An assessment of hepatitis B vaccine delivery by transgenic Aedes aegypti mosquitoes." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367187.

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Lu, Qiuying Sandy, and 呂秋瑩. "Health economic evaluation of universal infant hepatitis B vaccination programmes in China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/207183.

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Introduction: China has about 120 million hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers and a 7.2% hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence in 2006.This creates a huge disease burden and also leads to significant economic losses. Since 2002, a free universal infant hepatitis B vaccination programme has provideda 3-dose primary vaccination for all infants. Although some economic evaluations of this programme have been conducted, a comprehensive cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) to estimate long-term benefit using mathematical modeling would aid understanding of population strategies for hepatitis B control in large populations. Moreover, the most common mode of infection is perinataltransmission at birth. However the more effective immunization programme involving screening women during pregnancy for HBV-carrier status and providing passive-active vaccination for newborns has not been implemented in China. Aims: To identify the most cost-effective universal infant hepatitis B vaccination strategy for China. Method: A hospital-based survey was conducted during 2010-2011 in a general hospital in Shenzhen, China, in order to obtain costing data to estimate the economic burden of chronic hepatitis B patients. Annual direct and indirect costs from this study were used as cost parameters in the CEA models. Mathematical models were developed to simulate perinatal transmission, vaccination programmes and disease progression using Markov modeling and decision trees. Quality-adjusted life year (QALYs) as well as health and monetary outcomes were also assessed. Univariate sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis using Monte Carlo simulation were performed to test parameter uncertainty. Two programmes of screening of pregnant women for both HBsAg and/or HBeAg and the infant passive-active vaccination were compared with the current vaccine-only programme in one CEA, while the other CEA estimated the effect of the current infant programme compared with no vaccination. Findings: The estimated total economic burden including annual direct and indirect cost among hepatitis B patients of RMB 43104.5 (US$6340.8). The economic burdens of associated disease states of hepatitis B infection were highest for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (RMB 77297.1), decompensated cirrhosis (RMB 50725.7), chronic active hepatitis B (CAH) (RMB 37449.5) and finally compensated cirrhosis (RMB 37276.9). The average total economic burden per hepatitis B patient amounted to 46% of Shenzhen GDP per capitain 2010, and 5.4% of the city’s annual per capita income. The current vaccine-only infant vaccination programme was justified by costsavings, from both a societal and health care payer’s perspective, reducing new HBV infections by about 76%. This has produced a gain of 743,000 life-years and 620,000 QALYs given current numbers and savings of US$2~3billion saved over the lifetime of a national cohortof 10,000,000 newborns. A universal control programme involving the screening of pregnant women for HBsAg and passive-active vaccination, would reduce new infections by 13%, saving 436,000 life years and gaining 121,000 QALYs for a saving of about US$546 million compared with current vaccine-only programme. Implications: The universal infant hepatitis B vaccination programme is currently a cost-effective strategy for hepatitis B control in China.A beneficial amendment to the current strategy wouldinclude screening of all pregnant women for HBsAg and vaccinating newborns in a passive-active way.
published_or_final_version
Public Health
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Mureithi, John Gachagua. "Hepatitis B vaccination policies and coverage for nurse working at public and private hospitals in Tshwane, South Africa." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/248.

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Thesis (MPH)--University of Limpopo, 2009.
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the major cause of hepatitis in South Africa (SA), with an estimated 4 million carriers. It is transmitted by infected blood and other body fluids, placing health care workers (HCWs) at high risk of infection. The SA Department of Health strongly recommends that all HCWs be vaccinated against HBV, but studies have shown that uptake of the vaccine is sub-optimal. This study aimed to estimate HB vaccination coverage levels among nurses, and describe the demographics and characteristics of the HB vaccination policies associated with different levels of coverage, at private and public hospitals in Tshwane. METHODS: This was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study on 300 randomly selected nurses and 12 chief infection control officers (CICOs) from 13 hospitals (6 public and 7 private) in Tshwane performing high risk procedures. CICOs were asked questions about HB vaccination policies and coverage, while nurses were asked about demographics, HB vaccination status, and the HB vaccination policies of their institutions. RESULTS: The response rate was 84.3% (253/300) for nurses, and 75% (9/12) for CICOs. Of the nurses, 68.0% (172/253) were vaccinated, and logistic regression analysis found that those statistically significantly most likely to be vaccinated were: 30 years and younger (odds ratio [OR]=2.9; 95% CI: 1.11–7.59); employed in private hospitals (OR=3.0; 95% CI: 1.24–7.32); and graduated after 1990 (OR=2.6; 95% CI: 1.10–6.19). Also, logistic regression analysis found two statistically significant policy-related predictor for vaccination uptake, which was the presence of HB vaccination program (OR=4.6; 95% CI: 2.11-10.06); and compulsory HB vaccination (OR=2.8; 95% CI: 1.37-5.70. CONCLUSION: There is a need for a national policy on HB vaccination of HCWs which should include compulsory vaccination, to increase the vaccination coverage level amongst nurses.
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Books on the topic "Hepatitis A Vaccination"

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Damme, Pierre van. Hepatitis B: Epidemiology and evaluation of vaccination. Antwerpen: University of Antwerp Press, Centre for Evaluation of Vaccination, Epidemiology and Community Medicine, 1994.

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2

Symposium in Immunology (7th 1997?). Symposium in Immunology VII: Vaccination. Berlin: Springer, 1998.

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Centers for Disease Control (U.S.), ed. Hepatitis B prevention and pregnancy: How to protect your baby against hepatitis B. Atlanta, Ga: Hepatitis Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, 1994.

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Workshop on Hepatitis B Immunization in the South Pacific (1989 Suva, Fiji). Report. Manila, Philippines: The Office, 1989.

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Edwards, Vivien. Battling the big B: Hepatitis B in New Zealand. Wellington [N.Z.]: Dunmore Publishing, 2006.

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Honig, Robert E. A review of public and private programs that test for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the hepatitis B virus (HBV): And issues related to vaccination programs for bloodborne diseases. [Washington, D.C.]: Dept. of Labor, 1989.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform. Subcommittee on Criminal Justice, Drug Policy, and Human Resources. Hepatitis B vaccine: Helping or hurting public health? : hearing before the Subcommittee on Criminal Justice, Drug Policy, and Human Resources of the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, first session, May 18, 1999. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2000.

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Oon, Gabriel Chong Jin. A cancer vaccine that transformed Singapore and the world: The battle against Hepatitis B. Singapore: Straits Times Press Reference, 2011.

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Madhavi, Y. Liberalisation and its impact on the cost-benefit aspects of vaccines: The case of Hepatitis B. Mumbai: Tata Institute of Social Sciences, 2001.

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The war against hepatitis B: A history of the International Task Force on Hepatitis B Immunization. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Hepatitis A Vaccination"

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Inchauspé, Geneviève. "Gene vaccination for hepatitis C." In Gene Vaccination: Theory and Practice, 109–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46867-4_10.

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Uchida, Toshikazu, Toshio Shikata, Tetsuji Rikihisa, Munetaka Ichikawa, and Kyosuke Mizuno. "Vaccination of Hepatitis E Virus." In Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease, 547–49. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68255-4_143.

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Smyk, Daniel S., Lazaros I. Sakkas, Yehuda Shoenfeld, and Dimitrios P. Bogdanos. "Hepatitis B Vaccination and Autoimmunity." In Vaccines and Autoimmunity, 147–62. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118663721.ch16.

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Iwarson, S. "Diverging policies for vaccination against hepatitis B." In Chronically Evolving Viral Hepatitis, 142–46. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-5633-9_31.

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Davis, Heather L., and Cynthia L. Brazolot Millan. "DNA-based immunization against hepatitis B virus." In Gene Vaccination: Theory and Practice, 93–107. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46867-4_9.

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Richter, Darko. "Lip Angioedema Following Hepatitis B Vaccination." In Pediatric Allergy, 297–301. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18282-3_59.

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Howard, Colin R. "Control of Hepatitis B by Vaccination." In Concepts in Viral Pathogenesis III, 322–29. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8890-6_38.

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Neurath, A. R., S. B. H. Kent, N. Strick, and K. Parker. "Vaccination with Synthetic Hepatitis B Virus Peptides." In New Vaccines and Chemotherapy, 107–28. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9268-3_10.

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Hong, Seo Jin, Min Hye Ahn, Yong Woo Lee, Sukdeb Pal, Jaiprakash Sangshetti, and Rohidas B. Arote. "Biodegradable Polymeric Nanocarrier-Based Immunotherapy in Hepatitis Vaccination." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 303–20. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0950-2_16.

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Gesemann, M., S. Schröder, N. Scheiermann, and C. Maurer. "Kinetics of anti-HBs after hepatitis B vaccination: a comparison of two recombinant and one plasma-derived vaccines." In Chronically Evolving Viral Hepatitis, 154–55. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-5633-9_33.

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Conference papers on the topic "Hepatitis A Vaccination"

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Kipiani, E., M. Butsashvili, G. Kamkamidze, and G. Abashidze. "STUDY OF RISK FACTORS AFFECTING HBV VACCINE EFFICIENCY AMONG CHILDREN IN GEORGIA." In International Trends in Science and Technology. RS Global Sp. z O.O., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_conf/30122020/7346.

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In the conditions of mass vaccination of hepatitis B, all over the world, including in Georgia, in the vaccinated population, the numberof those individuals who could not develop Anti-HBs are growing every day. According to the literature, the main reason for the ineffective vaccination of hepatitis B is considered to be an increase in the prevalence of express mutants among the hepatitisB virus population, which is of a similar intensity throughout the world. In parallel with a detailed analysis of literature sources, the scientific article for the first time studied the seroprevalence of Anti-HBs in the population of Georgian vaccinatedchildren.
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Baraka, Fatiha, Chahrazed Kandouci, Fadela Meflah, Menaouar Rehni, and Baderdine Abdelkrim Kandouci. "P086 Hepatitis B and vaccination." In Occupational Health: Think Globally, Act Locally, EPICOH 2016, September 4–7, 2016, Barcelona, Spain. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2016-103951.407.

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"Knowledge, Attitude and Perception of Incomplete Hepatitis B Vaccination Among Staff of University College Hospital, Ibadan." In International Conference on Public Health and Humanitarian Action. International Federation of Medical Students' Associations - Jordan, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56950/rfob4613.

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Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of occupational exposure to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Complete hepatitis B vaccination has over the years proved to be the most effective measure of prevention. However, majority of HCWs do not adhere strictly to the complete doses of the vaccine. Objective: This study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and perception of incomplete hepatitis B vaccination among the staff of University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan. Method: A total of 116 HCWs, selected from six departments of UCH were interviewed using a validated structured questionnaire. The collected data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Results: Of the 116 HCWs, 93 (80.3%) are aware that three doses of hepatitis B vaccine are required for complete protection. 106 (91.4%) have received the HBV vaccine out of which 58 (50.0%) have not completed the doses. 22 (37.9%) assumed that the dose of vaccine they had was enough, 19 (32.8%) and 12 (20.7%) attributed incomplete vaccination to the duration of vaccination and being busy. Conclusion: A significant number of HCWs are aware of the required doses for complete protection. Incomplete vaccination is associated with the perception and behaviour of the HCWs. This study suggests the provision of vaccine guidelines and sensitization on the health risk of incomplete vaccination to bridge the gap between the perception and behaviour of HCWs toward incomplete hepatitis B vaccination. Key Words: Knowledge, Attitude, Perception, Hepatitis B, Incomplete vaccination, Healthcare workers
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Reiter, S., K. Dax, A. Penner, C. Watschinger, A. Zollner, and AR Moschen. "COVID-19 vaccination in patients with autoimmune hepatitis." In 54. Jahrestagung & 31. Fortbildungskurs der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie & Hepatologie – ÖGGH (Hybrid Veranstaltung). Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1734309.

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annatou, yakoubou, and tchiakpè nicole. "P366 The interest of anti hepatitis B vaccination at birth." In Faculty of Paediatrics of the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland, 9th Europaediatrics Congress, 13–15 June, Dublin, Ireland 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-epa.712.

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FIGUEIREDO, RAISSA VELASQUES DE, MARIA LÚCIA LEMOS LOPES, TATIANA FREITAS TOURINHO, MARIA ODETE ESTEVES HILÁRIO, RODRIGO PEREIRA DUQUIA, GILBERTO SCANAGATTA, RAFAEL CORADIN, LUANA RIBEIRO CARLOS, and THIAGO WILLERS. "ASIA SYNDROME IN SLE PATIENT AFTER VACCINATION FOR HEPATITIS B." In 36º Congresso Brasileiro de Reumatologia. São Paulo: Editora Blucher, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/sbr2019-001.

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Csernalabics, Benedikt, Tobias Boettler, Henrike Salié, Hendrik Luxenburger, Lara Wischer, Kathrarina Zoldan, Laurenz Krimmel, et al. "Immune-mediated Hepatitis associated with SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination." In 38. Jahrestagung der Deutsche Arbeitsgemeinschaft zum Studium der Leber. Georg Thieme Verlag, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1740810.

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Correa, Tulio. "P67 Vaccination against hepatitis A and hepatitis B infections in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic." In Abstracts of the BSG Annual Meeting, 20–23 June 2022. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2022-bsg.124.

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Castro, Ana Rita Motta, Livia Lima, Larissa Bandeira, Selma Gomes, Barbara Lago, Grazielli Rezende, and Gabriela Alves Cesar. "Hepatitis B: changes in epidemiological features of Afrodescendant communities in Central Brazil." In XIII Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de DST - IX Congresso Brasileiro de AIDS - IV Congresso Latino Americano de IST/HIV/AIDS. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/dst-2177-8264-202133p142.

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Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still a concern in vulnerable populations. In a study performed by our team in 1999–2003 in two Afro-Brazilian communities, Furnas dos Dionísios (FD) and São Benedito (SB), high prevalence rates of HBV exposure (42.7% and 16.0%, respectively), high susceptibility to HBV (55.3% and 63.0%, respectively) and low HBV vaccination like profile rates (2.0% and 21.0%, respectively) were observed. Objective: In 2015–2016, we reassessed epidemiological and molecular features of HBV in these two communities to verify the impact of health actions adopted in the past years. Methods: Serum samples were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the presence of HBsAg, hepatitis B core antibody (total anti-HBc), and hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) (Biokit S.A., Barcelona, Spain). Cobas® e601 analyzer (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany) was used to test the presence of HBeAg, anti- -HBe, and anti-HBc IgM in HBsAg-positive samples. The complete pre-S/S HBV region (nt 2826–nt 841) was amplified by semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The prevalence rate of HBV exposure among the enrolled 331 subjects was 35.3% in FD and 21.8% in SB. HBV chronic infection (5.8% in FD, 4.9% in SB) remained high. The rate of HBV vaccination like profile rate increased from 10.7% to 43.5% (2.0%–45.9% in FD, 21.0%–39.5% in SB), while susceptible subjects declined from 58.9% to 26.3% (55.3%– 18.8% in FD, 63.0%–38.7% in SB). Among 18 HBsAg-positive samples, 13 were successfully sequenced (pre-S/S region). Phylogenetic analyses showed that all isolates belong to HBV subgenotype A1, clustering within the Asian-American clade. Conclusion: Despite the maintenance of high prevalence rate of HBV exposure over these 13 years of surveillance, significant improvements were observed, reinforcing the importance of facilitated HBV vaccination to difficult-to-access population to close gaps in prevention.
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Kemal, Rahmat Azhari, Huriatul Masdar, Fajri Marindra Siregar, and Dedi Afandi. "Anti-Hepatitis B surface Titer as Indicator in Faculty of Medicine Universitas Riau Hepatitis B Vaccination Program." In The 3rd Green Development International Conference (GDIC 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aer.k.210825.073.

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Reports on the topic "Hepatitis A Vaccination"

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Wang, Li Fang, Yan Ting Cao, Tegeleqi Bu, Lin Fu, Jun Li Liu, and Jing Zhao. Do We Receive Cytomegalovirus Vaccination Before Solid Organ Transplant: a Meta-Analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0143.

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Review question / Objective: We compared cytomegalovirus (CMV) vaccination for solid organ transplantation recipients ( SOTs) with placebo treatment, to investigate the efficacy and safety for the prevention of CMV infection in SOTs. Condition being studied: Patients after solid organ transplantation subsequently become immunosuppressed, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common opportunistic pathogen to this population. The prevalence of CMV infection can reach 50% in the general population, and further up to 64-72% in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTs). CMV seropositive donors (CMV D+) puts even more pressure of CMV infection for SOTs. Post-transplant CMV infection can lead to neutropenia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, tissue/end-organ invasive CMV disease (gastroenteritis, pneumonia, hepatitis, encephalitis), other infectious diseases, graft dysfunction, and multiple organ failure. CMV can disturb immune cell function, thus is one of the major risk factors that increase mortality within 6 months after transplantation. However, practical, effective method to prevent postoperative CMV infection for SOTs remains unresolved. Vaccination of CMV is only at clinical trials stage. To date, there is a lack of guidelines or consensus for preventing CMV disease for SOTs. Given the increasing clinical trials of CMV vaccination, it is important to clarify the evidence-based benefits and risks of CMV vaccination for SOTs, and to provide the best CMV disease prevention measurements.
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Hajarizadeh, Behzad, Jennifer MacLachlan, Benjamin Cowie, and Gregory J. Dore. Population-level interventions to improve the health outcomes of people living with hepatitis B: an Evidence Check brokered by the Sax Institute for the NSW Ministry of Health, 2022. The Sax Institute, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/pxwj3682.

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Background An estimated 292 million people are living with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection globally, including 223,000 people in Australia. HBV diagnosis and linkage of people living with HBV to clinical care is suboptimal in Australia, with 27% of people living with HBV undiagnosed and 77% not receiving regular HBV clinical care. This systematic review aimed to characterize population-level interventions implemented to enhance all components of HBV care cascade and analyse the effectiveness of interventions. Review questions Question 1: What population-level interventions, programs or policy approaches have been shown to be effective in reducing the incidence of hepatitis B; and that may not yet be fully rolled out or evaluated in Australia demonstrate early effectiveness, or promise, in reducing the incidence of hepatitis B? Question 2: What population-level interventions and/or programs are effective at reducing disease burden for people in the community with hepatitis B? Methods Four bibliographic databases and 21 grey literature sources were searched. Studies were eligible for inclusion if the study population included people with or at risk of chronic HBV, and the study conducted a population-level interventions to decrease HBV incidence or disease burden or to enhance any components of HBV care cascade (i.e., diagnosis, linkage to care, treatment initiation, adherence to clinical care), or HBV vaccination coverage. Studies published in the past 10 years (since January 2012), with or without comparison groups were eligible for inclusion. Studies conducting an HBV screening intervention were eligible if they reported proportion of people participating in screening, proportion of newly diagnosed HBV (participant was unaware of their HBV status), proportion of people received HBV vaccination following screening, or proportion of participants diagnosed with chronic HBV infection who were linked to HBV clinical care. Studies were excluded if study population was less than 20 participants, intervention included a pharmaceutical intervention or a hospital-based intervention, or study was implemented in limited clinical services. The records were initially screened by title and abstract. The full texts of potentially eligible records were reviewed, and eligible studies were selected for inclusion. For each study included in analysis, the study outcome and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated. For studies including a comparison group, odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95%CIs were calculated. Random effect meta-analysis models were used to calculate the pooled study outcome estimates. Stratified analyses were conducted by study setting, study population, and intervention-specific characteristics. Key findings A total of 61 studies were included in the analysis. A large majority of studies (study n=48, 79%) included single-arm studies with no concurrent control, with seven (12%) randomised controlled trials, and six (10%) non-randomised controlled studies. A total of 109 interventions were evaluated in 61 included studies. On-site or outreach HBV screening and linkage to HBV clinical care coordination were the most frequent interventions, conducted in 27 and 26 studies, respectively. Question 1 We found no studies reporting HBV incidence as the study outcome. One study conducted in remote area demonstrated that an intervention including education of pregnant women and training village health volunteers enhanced coverage of HBV birth dose vaccination (93% post-intervention, vs. 81% pre-intervention), but no data of HBV incidence among infants were reported. Question 2 Study outcomes most relevant to the HBV burden for people in the community with HBV included, HBV diagnosis, linkage to HBV care, and HBV vaccination coverage. Among randomised controlled trials aimed at enhancing HBV screening, a meta-analysis was conducted including three studies which implemented an intervention including community face-to-face education focused on HBV and/or liver cancer among migrants from high HBV prevalence areas. This analysis demonstrated a significantly higher HBV testing uptake in intervention groups with the likelihood of HBV testing 3.6 times higher among those participating in education programs compared to the control groups (OR: 3.62, 95% CI 2.72, 4.88). In another analysis, including 25 studies evaluating an intervention to enhance HBV screening, a pooled estimate of 66% of participants received HBV testing following the study intervention (95%CI: 58-75%), with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 17-98%; I-square: 99.9%). A stratified analysis by HBV screening strategy demonstrated that in the studies providing participants with on-site HBV testing, the proportion receiving HBV testing (80%, 95%CI: 72-87%) was significantly higher compared to the studies referring participants to an external site for HBV testing (54%, 95%CI: 37-71%). In the studies implementing an intervention to enhance linkage of people diagnosed with HBV infection to clinical care, the interventions included different components and varied across studies. The most common component was post-test counselling followed by assistance with scheduling clinical appointments, conducted in 52% and 38% of the studies, respectively. In meta-analysis, a pooled estimate of 73% of people with HBV infection were linked to HBV clinical care (95%CI: 64-81%), with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 28-100%; I-square: 99.2%). A stratified analysis by study population demonstrated that in the studies among general population in high prevalence countries, 94% of people (95%CI: 88-100%) who received the study intervention were linked to care, significantly higher than 72% (95%CI: 61-83%) in studies among migrants from high prevalence area living in a country with low prevalence. In 19 studies, HBV vaccination uptake was assessed after an intervention, among which one study assessed birth dose vaccination among infants, one study assessed vaccination in elementary school children and 17 studies assessed vaccination in adults. Among studies assessing adult vaccination, a pooled estimate of 38% (95%CI: 21-56%) of people initiated vaccination, with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 0.5-93%; I square: 99.9%). A stratified analysis by HBV vaccination strategy demonstrated that in the studies providing on-site vaccination, the uptake was 78% (95%CI: 62-94%), significantly higher compared to 27% (95%CI: 13-42%) in studies referring participants to an external site for vaccination. Conclusion This systematic review identified a wide variety of interventions, mostly multi-component interventions, to enhance HBV screening, linkage to HBV clinical care, and HBV vaccination coverage. High heterogeneity was observed in effectiveness of interventions in all three domains of screening, linkage to care, and vaccination. Strategies identified to boost the effectiveness of interventions included providing on-site HBV testing and vaccination (versus referral for testing and vaccination) and including community education focussed on HBV or liver cancer in an HBV screening program. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of more novel interventions (e.g., point of care testing) and interventions specifically including Indigenous populations, people who inject drugs, men who have sex with men, and people incarcerated.
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Gidengil, Courtney, Matthew Bidwell Goetz, Margaret Maglione, Sydne J. Newberry, Peggy Chen, Kelsey O’Hollaren, Nabeel Qureshi, et al. Safety of Vaccines Used for Routine Immunization in the United States: An Update. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer244.

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Objective. To conduct a systematic review of the literature on the safety of vaccines recommended for routine immunization in the United States, updating the 2014 Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) report on the topic. Data sources. We searched MEDLINE®, Embase®, CINAHL®, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Scopus through November 9, 2020, building on the prior 2014 report; reviewed existing reviews, trial registries, and supplemental material submitted to AHRQ; and consulted with experts. Review methods. This report addressed three Key Questions (KQs) on the safety of vaccines currently in use in the United States and included in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) recommended immunization schedules for adults (KQ1), children and adolescents (KQ2), and pregnant women (KQ3). The systematic review was supported by a Technical Expert Panel that identified key adverse events of particular concern. Two reviewers independently screened publications; data were extracted by an experienced subject matter expert. Studies of vaccines that used a comparator and reported the presence or absence of adverse events were eligible. We documented observed rates and assessed the relative risks for key adverse events. We assessed the strength of evidence (SoE) across the existing findings from the prior 2014 report and the new evidence from this update. The systematic review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020180089). Results. A large body of evidence is available to evaluate adverse events following vaccination. Of 56,608 reviewed citations, 189 studies met inclusion criteria for this update, adding to data in the prior 2014 report, for a total of 338 included studies reported in 518 publications. Regarding vaccines recommended for adults (KQ1), we found either no new evidence of increased risk for key adverse events with varied SoE or insufficient evidence in this update, including for newer vaccines such as recombinant influenza vaccine, adjuvanted inactivated influenza vaccine, and recombinant adjuvanted zoster vaccine. The prior 2014 report noted a signal for anaphylaxis for hepatitis B vaccines in adults with yeast allergy and for tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccines. Regarding vaccines recommended for children and adolescents (KQ2), we found either no new evidence of increased risk for key adverse events with varied SoE or insufficient evidence, including for newer vaccines such as 9-valent human papillomavirus vaccine and meningococcal B vaccine. The prior 2014 report noted signals for rare adverse events—such as anaphylaxis, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and febrile seizures—with some childhood vaccines. Regarding vaccines recommended for pregnant women (KQ3), we found no evidence of increased risk for key adverse events with varied SoE among either pregnant women or their infants following administration of tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccines during pregnancy. Conclusion. Across this large body of research, we found no new evidence of increased risk since the prior 2014 report for key adverse events following administration of vaccines that are routinely recommended. Signals from the prior report remain unchanged for rare adverse events, which include anaphylaxis in adults and children, and febrile seizures and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in children. There is no evidence of increased risk of adverse events for vaccines currently recommended in pregnant women. There remains insufficient evidence to draw conclusions about some rare potential adverse events.
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