Academic literature on the topic 'Hépatite alcoolique – physiopathologie'
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Journal articles on the topic "Hépatite alcoolique – physiopathologie"
Grzych, Guillaume, Lucie Bernard, Réjane Lestrelin, Anne Muhr-Tailleux, and Bart Staels. "Etat des lieux sur la physiopathologie, le diagnostic et les traitements de la stéato-hépatite non alcoolique (NASH)." Annales Pharmaceutiques Françaises, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pharma.2022.09.005.
Full textParlati, Lucia, Marion Régnier, Catherine Postic, and Hervé Guillou. "Physiopathologie de la stéatose hépatique non-alcoolique (NAFLD)." Médecine des Maladies Métaboliques, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mmm.2023.03.005.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Hépatite alcoolique – physiopathologie"
Ntandja, Wandji Line Carolle. "Caractérisation de la fibrose dans l'hépatite alcoolique et décryptage des mécanismes liant cette fibrose au défaut du compartiment hépatocytaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILS024.
Full textBackground and Aims: Therapeutic options available in alcohol-related hepatitis (AH) remain limited and are mainly based on steroids. Unfortunately, steroids only improve short-term survival and almost 40% of patients do not respond to steroids. In the latter case, only early liver transplantation, offered in selected patients, can improve patient survival. However, in the context of graft shortage, the development of new drugs is urgent, and this requires a better understanding of the pathophysiology of AH. Our team identified in patients with severe AH a profound defect in liver regeneration partly related to an overactivation of YAP in the hepatocytes of these patients. Furthermore, our team also observed a different composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the livers of patients with AH (compared to that of patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis), with an enrichment of the latter in laminin. The therapeutic axis focusing on fibrosis seems to be an interesting option since the degree of fibrosis is a key prognostic factor in these patients. In addition, the alteration of innate and acquired immunityin patients with AH is associated with an increased risk of infection, which impacts their survival. The objectives of this thesis were to identify new strategies to improve the outcome of patients with AH. Using a fundamental approach, we aimed to identify new therapeutic targets by focusing in particular on fibrogenesis in AH and its potential link with altered hepatocytes. Using a clinical approach, we aimed to improve the detection and management of infections (pneumopathy) in patients with severe AH. Method: Using livers from patients transplanted for severe AH not responding to steroids (n=22) or for decompensated alcohol-related cirrhosis without AH (Cirrh, n=24), we evaluated the distribution of fibrosis and YAP by immunostaining. We also assessed the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by proteomic analysis (bulk and spatial proteomics) and RTPCR. We also developed liver organoids (which preserve the phenotypic characteristics of native livers) from the livers of patients with AH or Cirrh. The latter were cocultured with human primary hepatic myofibroblasts in order to evaluate their activation (expression of α-SMA, COL1A1, PDGFRα, etc.) and proliferation (expression of cyclin D1, BrDU). In order to evaluate the impact of YAP overactivation in hepatocytes on the activation of myofibroblasts, we cultured the latter with transduced Cirrh organoids with an active YAP (in order to mimicorganoids derived from AH livers) or with conditioned media collected from wells containing transduced (YAP medium) or not transduced hepatocytes (CTRL medium) with activated YAP. Results: AH livers presented with both perilobular (as in Cirrh livers) and specifically intralobular fibrosis. Bulk proteomics and PCR showed a specific ECM protein signature (e.g.laminin A2 was increased while vitronectin was decreased in AH). Spatial proteomics showed that the ECM composition between intralobular and perilobular areas was different in AH than in Cirrh livers. AH organoids overexpressed YAP. In the 3D model, AH organoids induced greater activation and proliferation of cocultured myofibroblasts. YAP-transduced Cirrh organoids induced changes in myofibroblasts similar to those observed in AH. YAP medium also induced increased myofibroblast activation and proliferation. Lung infections were the most frequently observed infections on patient admission. History of tobacco (active or passive), the presence of grade ≥2 hepatic encephalopathy and the severity of liver disease (MELD score > 21) were associated with the presence of lung infectionat admission. Lung infection was associated with a reduced access to steroids and a worst prognosis 30 days after admission. Furthermore, after the beginning of steroids, lung infections were more frequent in patients not responding to steroids and were associated with poorer survival [...]
Loffroy, Romaric. "Particularités de l’athérosclérose du sujet non diabétique, diabétique de type 2, et/ou stéatosique non alcoolique : de la physiopathologie aux techniques d’imagerie non invasives." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10282/document.
Full textAtherosclerosis is a major public health problem and is one of the major causes of death in the developed western world today. It is therefore of utmost importance that we understand the mechanisms involved in the evolution and progression of this disease and its associated complications. With the work done for this thesis, we tried to bring forth the importance of non invasive clinical imaging to study the pattern of evolution of atherosclerosis involving the carotid and/or coronary arteries. We also present the role played by imaging in prevention and early diagnosis of associated complications in non diabetic and type 2 diabetic patients, presenting with or without non alcoholic hepatic steatosis. In this study, we evaluated three different clinical research protocols used involving the clinical findings, biochemical as well as radiological examination results. The results of these protocols have been the basis for several peer reviewed international publications till date
Pawlak, Michal. "Effets hépatoprotecteurs de PPARα : rôle physiopathologique et bases moléculaires des activités PPARα dans l'inflammation aiguë et la stéatohépatite non alcoolique." Thesis, Lille 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL2S047/document.
Full textNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasingly prevalent liver condition characterized by excessive lipid deposition in the hepatocytes steatohepatitis (NASH) is hallamarked by chronic inflammation. NASH markedly increases the risk of progression towards liver fibrosis, cirrhosis ans hepatocellular carcinoma. The nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR⍺) regulates hepatic fatty acid utilization and represses pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. [...]Liver-specific expression of wild type or DNA binding-deficient PPAR⍺ in acute and chronic models of inflammation demonstrated that PPAR's anti-inflammatory, but not metabolic activities, result from DNA binding-independent mechanisms in vivo. We futher show that PPAR⍺ inhits the transition from steatosis toward NASH and fibrosis through a direct, anti-inflammatory mechanism independent of its effetc on hepatic lipid metabolism
Loffroy, Romaric. "Particularités de l'athérosclérose du sujet non diabétique, diabétique de type 2, et/ou stéatosique non alcoolique : de la physiopathologie aux techniques d'imagerie non invasives." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00825146.
Full textNawrot, Margaux. "Rôle du récepteur nucléaire Farnesoid X Receptor intestinal dans la fonction immune de l’intestin dans le contexte physiopathologique de la stéatohépatite non alcoolique." Thesis, Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDBSL/2021/2021LILUS053.pdf.
Full textEnergy homeostasis is the result of a dialogue between metabolic organs, especially gut and liver. The intestine is an interface between the organism and the external environment. Its role as a barrier is possible thanks to a complex immune system and intercellular junctions. In metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), there is an increase in systemic low-grade inflammation, particularly in intestine, and an increase in intestinal permeability. The nuclear bile acid receptor, Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR), is expressed in metabolic organs. FXR Knock-Out (KO) mice fed a standard diet show increased intestinal permeability compared to their littermate controls, although they are protected against high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. The role of FXR in the intestine is reported in a more contradictory way in the literature because according to the studies its inactivation in the epithelium decreases the synthesis of ceramides which would then contribute to protect the liver from steatosis, and its activation induces the browning of adipose tissue, reducing obesity and insulin resistance. In this context, we wanted to understand whether gut immune functions are under the control of intestinal FXR in a nutritional context inducing NASH.At the beginning of my thesis, I participated in the establishment in the laboratory of the breeding of mice deficient in FXR only in the intestine (intFXR KO) by a cre-lox system. The model was validated and the metabolic status of the mice on a standard diet was checked. Although intFXR KO mice appeared to have similar hepatic histological characteristics to control mice, the expression of genes related to innate immunity is perturbed suggesting that intestinal FXR deficiency may alter the hepatic and global inflammatory state. By immunophenotyping, we showed that cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD8+ TL) are increased in the intestine of intFXR KO mice. This change may be due to an increase in circulating CD8+ TL targeting the intestine. This disruption of intestinal immunity may be due to a decrease in the expression of tight junction proteins that would facilitate the passage of microbial products. The study of the gut microbiota of intFXR KO mice shows an increase in a bacterial population reported to be involved in colitis.Our next objective was to study the consequences of intestinal FXR deficiency in a nutritional context inducing NASH in 24 weeks. We found that were well protected against hepatic steatosis, gut transcriptomic analysis suggesting a modulation of intestinal lipid metabolism. However, intFXR KO mice are not protected against the development of NASH and FXR deficiency in the gut would even amplify the expression of inflammation-related genes in the liver compared to control mice. In intFXR KO mice, we observed an increase in CD8+ TLs, an increase in intestinal permeability markers and intestinal bacterial populations described in inflammatory bowel disease.Thus, while protecting against weight gain and hepatic steatosis, intestinal FXR deficiency appears to amplify hepatic inflammation under standard and also NASH nutritional conditions. Modulation of intestinal immunity by FXR agonists therefore appears to be an interesting approach to modulate the gut-liver dialogue in the treatment of NASH
Bricambert, Julien. "Régulation de l'homéostasie énergétique par le facteur de transcription ChREBP et ses protéines associées : implication dans la physiopathologie de la NAFLD." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077177.
Full textThe spectrum of NAFLD (Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) is characterized by liver damage ranging from simple steatosis to cirrhosis. The understanding of the mechanisms responsible for this ectopic lipid storage is essential in the search for therapeutic approaches. In this context, we show that the serine / threonine kinase SIK2 (Salt inducible kinase 2) inhibits the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) p300 by a phosphorylation on its serine 89, which in turn, abolishes the activity of the transcription factor ChREBP (Carbohydrate Responsive Element Binding Protein), decreasing its acetylation. ChREBP mediates the transcriptional effects of glucose, controling the expression of glycolitics and Iipogenics genes. We show that this control loop limits the synthesis of fatty acids and the development of NAFLD in the liver. We also show that the histone demethylase PHF2 (Plant homeodomain Finger 2) activation promotes the uptake, the synthesis, the esterification and the storage of fatty acids into the lipid droplets. PHF2 acts as a co - activator for ChREBP which, specifically demethylates the dimethylated lysine 9 of the histone H3 in the promoter of its targets genes to induce the recruitment of the transcriptional machinery, to induce transcription in response to glucose. Thus PHF2 and ChREBP increase the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids insulin-sensitizing and anti- oxidant defenses of the liver by stimulating the expression and actiyity of the transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor E2 -related factor 2). This epigenetic regulation of ChREBP allows the development of a benign hepatic steatosis dissociated from resistance to the action of insulin and fibrosis
Chavez, Talavera Oscar Manuel. "Rôle des acides biliaires dans la physiopathologie de l'obésité, la résistance à l'insuline, le diabète de type 2, la stéatose hépatique non alcoolique et dans le contexte de la chirurgie bariatrique Bile Acid Control of Metabolism and Inflammation in Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, Dyslipidemia, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Bile Acid Alterations in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Obesity, Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes: What Do the Human Studies Tell?” Bile acids associate with glucose metabolism, but do not predict conversion to diabetes Bile acid alterations are associated with insulin resistance, but not with NASH in obese subjects Roux-en-Y gastric bypass increases systemic but not portal bile acid concentrations by decreasing hepatic bile acid uptake in minipigs The functional relevance of bile acids in the improvement of HDL-mediated endothelial protection after bariatric surgery Metabolic effects of bile acid sequestration: impact on cardiovascular risk factors." Thesis, Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LILUS057.
Full textIn addition to their role in the solubilization of dietary lipids, bile acids are signaling molecules regulating their own metabolism, glucose and lipid homeostasis, energy expenditure, cardiovascular function and inflammation via the activation of the Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) and the Takeda G protein coupled Receptor 5 (TGR5). Indeed, changes in bile acid concentrations are associated with metabolic diseases and therefore they are candidates to participate in the pathophysiology of these diseases or predict their progression.In the first part of this thesis, we studied bile acid changes in the context of obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. We demonstrated that bile acids are correlated with glucose homeostasis in humans, but that they are not predictors for the progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes in a longitudinal cohort study.In the second part of this thesis, we studied the bile acids in the context of bariatric surgery. Our results showed that bariatric surgery reduces the hepatic recapture of certain bile acids, causing them to increase in the systemic circulation. Additionally, we showed that it is not the bile limb but the common limb the one responsible for metabolic changes after bariatric surgery in the minipig. Finally, we showed in humans that bile acids linked to high-density lipoproteins (HDL) increase after bariatric surgery, and that this increase is correlated with the restoration of their vasoprotective functions
Book chapters on the topic "Hépatite alcoolique – physiopathologie"
Quilliot, D., P. Böhme, and O. Ziegler. "La stéato-hépatite non alcoolique. Influence de la nutrition, de la physiopathologie au traitement." In Post’U FMC-HGE, 35–46. Paris: Springer Paris, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0237-4_5.
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