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Nicholas, Christopher Dean. "Matchmaking: Sex, conflict, and the cerebral hemispheres." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289731.
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Three experiments examined how humans make same-different judgments of simultaneously presented letter pairs using the entire English alphabet, in two tasks: a letter category task in which pairs of letters in different letter cases (instances) belonged to the same (e.g., "X x") or different (e.g., "X o") letter category; and a letter instance task in which pairs of letters in the same letter category belonged to the same (e.g., "X X") or different (e.g., "X x") letter instance. Three experiments used these two tasks to present letter pairs in different arrangements: Experiment 1, centrally to both cerebral hemispheres; Experiment 2, laterally to either the left or right cerebral hemisphere; Experiment 3, laterally to either different hemispheres or to the same hemisphere. The roles of nominal identity (letter names), orthographic identity (how letter graphemes correspond to letter phonemes), and abstract visual-form identity (letter categories) were investigated by examination of letter confusability. The results indicate that visual and not nominal identity is used to perform the letter category task. In addition, women (but not men) used orthographic identity to solve the letter category task during some conditions of all three Experiments. A new kind of analysis indicates that, across-sex, letter category predicts 82% of the variance in response latency to same-category judgments, but only 14% of the variance in response latency to same -instance judgments, functionally dissociating form-invariant (category) and form-variant (instance) visual information. Women (but not men) use form-invariant (category) information when making different-instance judgments--even when such information is insufficient for solving that task--and consequently, women's cerebral asymmetries are shifted and their interhemispheric communication of information is selectively impaired (relative to men) when this information conflicts with that necessary to solve the task. Thus, the kind of information, rather than the number of cognitive processes , determines how processing is lateralized and integrated across the cerebral hemispheres in letter matching tasks. Comparisons of presentations to both and single hemispheres indicate that hemispheric dominance is dissociated from hemispheric asymmetry as a function of sex-dependent attentional strategy and informational conflict in interhemispheric interaction.
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Gouldthorp, Bethanie. "Hemispheric Contributions to Language Comprehension: Word and Message-level Processing Mechanisms of the Right Cerebral Hemisphere." Thesis, Gouldthorp, Bethanie (2009) Hemispheric Contributions to Language Comprehension: Word and Message-level Processing Mechanisms of the Right Cerebral Hemisphere. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2009. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/1663/.
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Recent research into hemispheric differences in sentence comprehension has produced a puzzling disparity between the results from behavioral studies on neurologically normal individuals and studies utilizing other methods such as electrophysiology, neuroimaging and the investigation of neuropsychological patients. The former approach tends to produce results that indicate a restriction of the right hemisphere (RH) to lower-level processing mechanisms that are comparatively less sensitive to context than the left hemisphere (LH), while the combined findings of the latter approaches suggest that not only is the RH capable of processing language at a higher level, it is particularly sensitive to contextual information and, furthermore, this may form part of the special role of the RH in language tasks. Accordingly, the present series of studies employed a normal-behavioral approach to further investigate the underlying processing mechanisms of the RH during sentence comprehension tasks. In each of the four experiments, right-handed adult participants completed a computer-based lexical decision task where reaction time and error rates were recorded. Stimuli were always centrally-presented, followed by a laterally-presented target word or non-word. In the first experiment, the sensitivity of the RH to message-level meaning was investigated by assessing whether it benefits from additional contextual information in sentences that was not the result of simple word-level associations. The remaining experiments aimed to examine several current models of RH language processing; specifically, they examined the applicability of the coarse-coding hypothesis (Beeman, 1993) and the integrative processing model (Federmeier, 2007) to RH sentence processing. The combined results of the four experiments lead to several conclusions. Firstly, this series of investigation consistently demonstrated that the RH does display a sensitivity to message-level processing that appears to be at least equivalent to that of the LH. This conclusion is uncommon in the normal-behavioral literature, but is consistent with evidence produced by other methodologies. Secondly, the coarse-coding hypothesis is insufficient in explaining RH language processing at the sentential level. Although there is considerable evidence in support of the coarse-coding model of RH processing of individual words, the findings of the present investigations do not support its applicability beyond this level. Thirdly, the integrative/predictive distinction between RH/LH language processing also appears to have limited applicability beyond sentence fragments and may instead be reflective of higher-level processing differences (e.g., wherein the RH may utilize a para-linguistic situation-model processing method whereas the LH may rely purely on a linguistic mechanism). Based on these conclusions, the present series of investigations appears to have resolved the inconsistent finding previously prominent in normal-behavioral literature and goes some way in determining the applicability of current models of RH language processing.
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Gouldthorp, Bethanie. "Hemispheric Contributions to Language Comprehension: Word and Message-level Processing Mechanisms of the Right Cerebral Hemisphere." Gouldthorp, Bethanie (2009) Hemispheric Contributions to Language Comprehension: Word and Message-level Processing Mechanisms of the Right Cerebral Hemisphere. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2009. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/1663/.
Full textAbstract:
Recent research into hemispheric differences in sentence comprehension has produced a puzzling disparity between the results from behavioral studies on neurologically normal individuals and studies utilizing other methods such as electrophysiology, neuroimaging and the investigation of neuropsychological patients. The former approach tends to produce results that indicate a restriction of the right hemisphere (RH) to lower-level processing mechanisms that are comparatively less sensitive to context than the left hemisphere (LH), while the combined findings of the latter approaches suggest that not only is the RH capable of processing language at a higher level, it is particularly sensitive to contextual information and, furthermore, this may form part of the special role of the RH in language tasks. Accordingly, the present series of studies employed a normal-behavioral approach to further investigate the underlying processing mechanisms of the RH during sentence comprehension tasks. In each of the four experiments, right-handed adult participants completed a computer-based lexical decision task where reaction time and error rates were recorded. Stimuli were always centrally-presented, followed by a laterally-presented target word or non-word. In the first experiment, the sensitivity of the RH to message-level meaning was investigated by assessing whether it benefits from additional contextual information in sentences that was not the result of simple word-level associations. The remaining experiments aimed to examine several current models of RH language processing; specifically, they examined the applicability of the coarse-coding hypothesis (Beeman, 1993) and the integrative processing model (Federmeier, 2007) to RH sentence processing. The combined results of the four experiments lead to several conclusions. Firstly, this series of investigation consistently demonstrated that the RH does display a sensitivity to message-level processing that appears to be at least equivalent to that of the LH. This conclusion is uncommon in the normal-behavioral literature, but is consistent with evidence produced by other methodologies. Secondly, the coarse-coding hypothesis is insufficient in explaining RH language processing at the sentential level. Although there is considerable evidence in support of the coarse-coding model of RH processing of individual words, the findings of the present investigations do not support its applicability beyond this level. Thirdly, the integrative/predictive distinction between RH/LH language processing also appears to have limited applicability beyond sentence fragments and may instead be reflective of higher-level processing differences (e.g., wherein the RH may utilize a para-linguistic situation-model processing method whereas the LH may rely purely on a linguistic mechanism). Based on these conclusions, the present series of investigations appears to have resolved the inconsistent finding previously prominent in normal-behavioral literature and goes some way in determining the applicability of current models of RH language processing.
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Kavcic, Voyko. "Hemispheric Interactions and Event-Related Potentials in Lateralized Stroop and Stroop Analog Tasks." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277627/.
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Classical Stroop stimuli and newly developed face/word Stroop analog stimuli were used to investigate hemispheric interactions in Stroop interference effects (SEs) and corresponding event-related potentials (ERPs). Lateralized stimuli were presented unilaterally and bilaterally as congruent or incongruent color strip-word or face-word pairs (to invoke right hemisphere (RH) and left hemisphere (LH) specialization, respectively, in the latter case). The common finding for such tasks is that responses for the congruent condition are faster and more accurate than for the incongruent condition (i.e., the SE). A primary prediction is that the SE will be maximized when both the distractor and target components, or distractor alone, are presented to the specialized hemisphere (i.e., LH for words and RH for faces). A total of 88 right-handed University of North Texas students participated in one of four experiments. Participants manually responded to one component of the stimuli (i.e., color, face, or word), while ignoring the other. Behaviorally, participants showed a robust SE across all experiments, especially for the face/word task with word targets. Findings from the face/word Stroop analog tasks also indicated that SEs were produced by selective attention to either faces or words, implicating a role for top-down (controlled) processes. Hemispheric asymmetries were observed only for bilateral presentations of the face/word Stroop analog stimuli and did not differ for word versus face targets. The results suggest that the LH is less susceptible to interference from the RH than vice versa. Electrophysiologically, anterior N1 and P1, posterior P1 and N1, N2, and P3 components were identified. A SE was found for P3 amplitudes, but not latencies, across all four experiments such that the congruent condition generated greater amplitudes than the incongruent condition, suggesting that the P3 is an index of task difficulty. Surprisingly, SEs were also observed for the early ERP components, albeit embedded in higher order interactions. Taken together, the ERP evidence suggests that there is no single locus of the SE, and instead, the SE appears to be distributed over several stages of information processing.
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deAlbuquerque, Joan. "Hemispheres for Wind Ensemble by Joseph Turrin: A Critical Analysis." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4886/.
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Hemispheres is a three-movement work for winds written by Joseph Turrin in May 2002. Commissioned by Kurt Masur for the New York Philharmonic, he wished to include a piece exclusively for winds and percussion in the programming of his farewell concert that commemorated his eleven years as Music Director. The work is in three movements: Genesis, Earth Canto, and Rajas which represent three different cultural views of creation. Formally, this work is based structurally and thematically on melody rather than harmony. This analysis focuses on three main tools which unify this work. The first is that thematic material from the first movement is reintroduced and developed in the second and third movements. The second is a consistently reoccurring rhythmic grouping in threes. This three note motive, found in all three movements, is used both melodically and as an accompaniment. The third is the unifying pitch center of C. Through an economy of musical means, Turrin composed Hemispheres with only a minimal number of themes and motives, each developed through the course of all three movements.
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Painter, Joan. "Imaginal processing in the two hemispheres : a computational investigation." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297225.
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Engels, Ryland Peter Antonij. "Linked Hemispheres: American Literary Transcendentalism and the Southern Continents." Thesis, University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/23143.
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This thesis examines relationships that formed between US Transcendentalism and the Southern Hemisphere in the nineteenth century. It argues that the works of Ralph Waldo Emerson, Walt Whitman and Henry David Thoreau are relevant to the literary histories of regions including Latin America, Southern Africa and Australasia, and that this fact has been inadequately addressed by criticism. The introduction serves to situate this claim within ongoing debates in fields such as American Studies and World Literature. I contend that the inclusion of Southern Hemispheric literature within these discussions has the potential to enrich our interpretations of both US and world literary texts, particularly by enabling new approaches to be taken to long-standing, transnational questions of race, settler colonialism, globalization and Romantic nationalism. Each chapter centres on a different continental region in the Southern Hemisphere. In each, North American literary perceptions of that region are put into dialogue with nineteenth-century Southern Hemispheric responses to US Transcendentalism. The first chapter is devoted to Latin America; it concerns Edward and Alexander Everett, Sophia Peabody, Mary Mann, Domingo Faustino Sarmiento and José Martí. The second chapter focuses on South Africa in the late colonial period and highlights aspects of the thought and work of figures such as Olive Schreiner, Jan Smuts and Mahatma Gandhi. The final chapter considers Australia and the Pacific Islands. It begins with a discussion of the US philosopher Josiah Royce’s tour of Australasia and, thereafter, gives an account of Australian poetry’s response to Transcendentalism. Four poets are included in this section: Charles Harpur, Henry Kendall, William Gay and Bernard O’Dowd. The chapter concludes by drawing parallels between Charles Warren Stoddard’s correspondence with Whitman, his writings about the Pacific Islands and the strains of Primitivism that can be identified in Transcendentalist texts more generally.
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Juzwin, Kathryn Rossetto. "The effects of perceptual interference and noninterference on facial recognition based on outer and inner facial features." Virtual Press, 1986. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/447843.
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This study investigated the effects of interference from a center stimulus on the recognition of faces presented in each visual half-field using the tachistoscoptic presentation. Based on prior studies, it was hypothesized that faces would be recognized nnre accurately based on outline features when presented to the Left visual field - Right hemisphere and on inner features for the Right visual field - Left hemisphere. It was also hypothesized that digits presented at center fixation would interfere most with the recognition of the inner details of faces presented to the right hemisphere, since recognizing both faces and digits requires high-frequency spectral analysis (Sergent, 1982b).Each stimulus was cinposed of either a number or a blank at center fixation and a face placed either to the left or right of fixation. The results indicated no performance differences due to the visual field of presentation. Recognition was most accurate when no center stimulus was present, and recognition of outer details was more accurate than recognition of inner details. Subjects tended to use top-to--bottan processing for faces in both visual fields.
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Ferron, Danielle Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "Changes with aging in right hemisphere activation as reflected in bimanual and dihaptic task performance." Ottawa, 1992.
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Ransley, Kimbra Louise. "Capacity Limits in Visual Processing Revealed by Spatial Biases." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/19744.
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Our early visual system extracts fine grained information about our rapidly changing world, yet in certain laboratory conditions, participants fail to report some items that are clearly presented within their field of vision. These failures are likely to occur because later stages of the visual system do not have capacity to process all of the information extracted at the retina. In this thesis, I investigate a particular failure of awareness that occurs when two target letters are briefly presented at the same time in different spatial locations. A clue to the cause of these failures may lie in the spatial pattern of errors that participants make. A recent theory suggests that the consistency in spatial errors across participants may reflect a functional strategy used by the brain to prioritise information at a key processing bottleneck. I investigate this claim, and conduct research to investigate other aspects of the limitation, such as the processing stage at which it occurs, and its implications for visual processing tasks such as reading.
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Cherbuin, Nicolas. "Hemispheric interaction : when and why is yours better than mine? /." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2005. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20060317.135525/index.html.
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DeAlbuquerque, Joan. "Hemispheres for wind ensemble by Joseph Turrin a critical analysis /." connect to online resource, 2005. http://www.unt.edu/etd/all/Aug2005/dealbuquerque%5Fjoan/index.htm.
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Thesis (D.M.A.)--University of North Texas, 2005.System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Accompanied by recitals, recorded Nov. 9, 2000, Feb. 15, 2001, Apr. 26, 2001, Nov. 15, 2001, Nov. 28, 2001, and Apr. 25, 2005. Includes bibliographical references (p. 80-82).
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Otto-de, Haart E. Grace. "Hand movements and the hemispheres : asymmetries in hand and hemispace." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424986.
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This thesis presents a series of experimental investigations into left and right hand performance in right-handed participants. The experiments were designed to identify differences in movement kinematics when task characteristics varied in aiming and prehension movements, particularly along dimensions that were thought to differ between the hemispheres. The first part of the thesis reviews the existing literature on the relevant topics of motor control. There is extensive evidence to argue for distinct but complementary contributions from each hemisphere in the control of movements, with the emphasis on the left hemisphere, which plays a significant role in the organization of movements on both sides of the body. There is also support for the claim that the right hemisphere has a specialised role in visually-guided movements when visuo-spatial processing is involved in the form of localizing target positions. Furthermore, performance differences are investigated with respect to hemisphere. The second part of the dissertation presents a series of investigations of neurologically intact participants. In Experiment 1 and 2, 22 participants were required to make pointing movements with the index finger across the hemisphere in visual and non-visual conditions. The main finding of this study was ipsilateral movement advantages for both hands. Contrary to previous claims, these ipsilateral advantages, even when no vision was available, were the consequences of biomechanical factors rather than within-hemispheric processing. A right hand advantage was found for movement duration. In Experiment 3, 22 participants were required to point to suddenly-appearing targets aligned along the horizontal midline. The focus of this study was on right hemisphere participation in a pointing task in which the visuo-spatial demands were manipulated in the form of target location uncertainty. Contrary to previous claims, no evidence was found for the attenuation of right hand performance or even the facilitation of left hand performance. The dominant hand was noticeably more accurate and took less time decelerating. Main findings of this study were ipsilateral movement advantages for both hands. In Experiment 4, 20 participants were required to grasp and pick up target blocks of differing length and width to examine whether increased precision would exacerbate a previously reported hand difference on a grip aperture timing measure. The left hand reached maximum grip aperture earlier than the right hand but, contrary to expectations, this hand difference was not influenced by the manipulation of precision demands. Hemispatial effects were found for transport and grip related dependent measures. In the final Experiment 5, the area of hand performance differences was explored while both hands were grasping targets simultaneously by requiring 14 participants to grasp and pick up objects of the same or different lengths. The manipulation of hemispace resulted in a common movement duration of the limbs. An overall larger grip aperture was found for the left hand but was not affected by the task requirement of the right hand such that grip apertures of the hands were independently scaled.
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Kopecki, Ianina. "Calculational approach to FST-hemispheres for multiparametrical Benthos Habitat modelling." [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:93-opus-38677.
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Mueller, Dieter Christian. "Glossolalia and the right hemisphere of the brain." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30750.
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This dissertation explores historical and contemporary occurrences of glossolalia or 'speaking in tongues', the production of a series of phonetically transcribable language-like but generally, non-cognitive sounds in a variety of (primarily religious; settings. The main issues are why some are susceptible to glossolalia, some may learn it, some crave the ability but cannot do so, and others are repelled.
Divided into three parts, Part I of the dissertation considers the phenomenon of glossolalia itself and moves on to historical and cross-cultural contexts, relating glossolalia to that other realm often described as divine or mystical or supernatural or, as here, paranormal. While vocalizations of various kinds seem common to states of religious ecstasy cross-culturally, as a particular kind of vocalization (which need not occur in ecstasy) giossolaiia seems to be largely confined to, and has acquired a special significance in, Christianity. Further, it is regarded by modern Pentecosta1ists as a rite of passage known as a Baptism of the Holy Spirit which gives access to additional paranormal gifts: powers of wisdom, knowledge, prophecy, healing, exorcism.
Part II examines theological, linguistic, and anthropological perspectives, and focuses on: the hostile attitudes of ecclesiastical orthodoxies towards glossolalia and the claims of glossolalists; the non-cognitive nature of glossolaliia despite the claims of Pentecostalists (albeit glossolalia may be a reiigious or 'praise' language) that glossolalia is cognitive and may be interpreted; the concept of taboo in its double sense of forbidden 'because dangerous/therefore attractive'; the validity of that basic assumption of social science, the psychic unity of mankind, in relation to intuitions of the dual nature of human personality and scientific knowledge of the nature and functions of the two hemispheres of the human brain.
Giving particular attention to the cultural aetiology of glossolalia, especially in relation to authority, Part III analyses a series of interviews with, and C.L.E.M. tests of, glossolalists, would-be glossolalists and others, relating the results to present knowledge concerning the nature and functions of the Right and Left hemispheres of the human brain. While most people everywhere, responding to the requirements of their cultures, tend to activate their Left hemispheres, the research suggests that, in general, access to the paranormal, supernatural, or divine seems to be a function of the Right hemisphere, and in particular, that glossolalists tend to be Right hemisphere dominant.Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies
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Neff, Linda Sue. "The development of interhemispheric communication and its relationship to selective reading disability /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487323583620033.
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Buccetti, Michael. "A review of the literature pertaining to brain hemisphere research and the implications for instruction in the mathematics classroom /." Click for abstract, 1997. http://library.ctstateu.edu/ccsu%5Ftheses/1482.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Central Connecticut State University, 1997.Thesis advisor: Dr. Philip Halloran. " ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Mathematics Education." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 27-28).
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Fleisher, Carl Adam. "Happiness helps, but how? does interhemispheric communication mediate the impact of positive affect on cognitive flexibility? /." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/753.
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Shao, Wen Jiao. "The elasto-plastic buckling strength of imperfect hemispheres and their reliability." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254221.
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Hull, Rachel Gayle. "How does bilingualism matter? A meta-analytic tale of two hemispheres." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969/240.
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Sonnenburg, Edith M. "Pre-writing rhetorical strategies which activate both hemispheres of the brain." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1985. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/349.
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McCann, Christina M. (Christina Marie). "Neurophysiological and Behavioral Correlates of Language Processing and Hemispheric Specialization." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc935742/.
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The purpose of this study was to examine language organization in the brain by using a series of three tasks concurrent with event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate both hemispheric differences and interhemispheric reactions. Overall, the findings from this study support a relative rather than absolute hemispheric specialization for language processing. Despite an overall RVF (LH) advantage, both hemispheres were capable of performing the tasks and benefited from semantic priming.
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Shibahara, Naoki. "Access to the adjectival meanings in the left and right cerebral hemispheres." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313983.
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Line, Per, and pline@swin edu au. "Cognition and the steady state visually evoked potential." Swinburne University of Technology, 1993. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20060118.170228.
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This masters thesis examines the hemispheric activation pattern of the cognitive processes involved in a complex mental rotations test (MRT) (Vandenberg and Kuse, 1978) using Steady-State Probe Topography (SSPT) (Silberstein et al, 1990) as a method to index brain activity. The Steady State Visually Evoked Potential (SSVEP) was recorded from 64 electrode sites using a multichannel electrode helmet, and elicited by a 13 Hz sinusoidal visual flicker, whilst the subjects were performing a visual vigilance Baseline task and the MRT. Forty-one right handed subjects (twenty male and twenty-one female) were used. In the MRT the subjects were required to choose the two figures which correctly matched the criterion figure in the centre. The figures were three-dimensional objects represented in two-dimensions on a computer screen. A significant finding of this study was that when all the subjects were considered as one group, no noticeable lateralization in cerebral activation associated with mental rotation was evident. When analyzing the results for the subjects, partitioned into two groups according to gender, evidence was found suggesting that the cortical processing associated with mental rotation may be more localized bilaterally in the males than the females. However, no noticeable lateralization effects for mental rotation were found in the males or females, and hence no gender differences in hemispheric lateralization was evident. An important finding was the emergence of gender differences in hemispheric lateralization in subsets of subjects performing with higher spatial ability. A left hemisphere lateralization for mental rotation was associated with the Best Performance Male group. The Best Performance Female group showed the opposite effect, where a right hemisphere lateralization was associated with better performance on the task. The lateralization effect appeared to be stronger in the Best Performance Males than the Best Performance Females. An important conclusion from this study is that when examining for hemispheric lateralization effects in mental rotation, and possibly other visual-spatial tasks, not only gender effects need to be considered, but the level of spatial ability in the comparison groups needs also to be taken into account.
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Denman, James. "An investigation into aspects of infant cradling in humans." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366308.
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WILLIAMS, ANNE MORGAN. "RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RIGHT HEMISPHERE STROKE AND A PASSIVE BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE (DEPRESSION)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184010.
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The purpose of this study was to elucidate the indifferent passive behavior described in persons with right cerebral hemisphere dysfunction (Bear & Fedio, 1977; Critchley, 1966; Denny-Brown, Meyer & Horenstein, 1952). The process of caring for another person encompasses an interpersonal relationship with that person. Passive behavior may interfere with that relationship (Fried, 1970), and therefore jeopardize care. This correlational descriptive study was based on an explanatory model which included hemispheric side of lesion, attention, neglect of extrapersonal hemispace, passive behavior, and mood/emotion. The following indicators of outcome variables were used: attention--bilateral skin conductance level and skin conductance response; neglect--line bisection and cancellation tasks; passive behavior--a modification of Mays' (1973) Activity Passivity Scale; mood/emotion--the anxiety and depression subscales of Kellner and Sheffield's (1973) Symptom Rating Test. The sample comprised 10 persons with a single right hemisphere stroke and 10 persons with a left hemisphere stroke. The strength of the relationships among the variables was assessed only for persons with right hemisphere stroke. The data from this sample support some of the theorized links in the conceptual model, but not others. The predicted positive relationship between right hemisphere stroke and neglect, and the negative relationship between right hemisphere stroke and anxiety were demonstrated (r = .3177 and r = -.4353, respectively). The predicted negative relationship between right hemisphere stroke and attention was not demonstrated. Unexpected significant positive correlations existed between right hemisphere stroke and estimates of attention from the left hand (r = .3111 to r = .4472). No demonstrable relationship existed between right hemisphere stroke and passive behavior. Another unexpected finding was that the scale to scale and part to whole correlations for the concepts mood/emotion and passive behavior were strikingly different for the two groups. The fact that the two groups of subjects did not interpret the contents of the two scales similarly indicated that persons with right hemisphere dysfunction view the world quite differently from those with left hemisphere dysfunction. Appreciation of these differences may allow formulation and implementation of effective care plans which will reduce frustration in both client and caregiver.
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Grimshaw, Gina M. "Hemispheres in conflict, when the left is mad, but the right is sad." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21352.pdf.
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Kopecki, Ianina [Verfasser]. "Calculational approach to FST-hemispheres for multiparametrical benthos habitat modelling / von Ianina Kopecki." Stuttgart : Inst. für Wasserbau, 2008. http://d-nb.info/99679557X/34.
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Wilkinson, David Tristram. "The computation of categorical and co-ordinate spatial relations in the cerebral hemispheres." Thesis, University of Kent, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263692.
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Wilcox, Gary A. (Gary Alden). "Handedness, Perceptual and Short Term Memory Asymmetries, and Personality." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331119/.
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A large body of research has depicted relative arousal of the left and right cerebral hemispheres as related to utilization of particular defensive coping styles, level of anxiety, and perceptual styles. The right and left hemispheres are also presented in the literature as differing in visual-spatial and verbal-auditory short term memory abilities.
The present research studied 127 right handed undergraduates' relative performance on forward spatial and digits memory spans in relation to hemispheric lateralization and other perceptual and personality variables hypothesized in the literature to be related to hemispheric arousal.
It was hypothesized that the forward spatial and digit memory spans would display asymmetrical sensitivity to hemispheric arousal. That is, in a series of successive factor analyses, a hemispheric balance factor, a trait anxiety factor, and a short term memory factor would emerge. The three factors were hypothesized to be unrelated to each other.
During an initial group pretesting, subjects were given pencil and paper measures of handedness, trait anxiety, and several defensive coping styles. During a second individual testing, subjects were administered measures of short term memory, field independence, and a computerized presentation of geometric designs which measured the subjects ability to detect differences which occurred at either the global or analytic level (Navon task).
The factor analyses revealed only the hypothesized trait anxiety factor. The hypothesized short term memory and hemispheric balance of arousal factors did not emerge. Instead, a. defensive coping style factor and separate verbal—auditory and visual-spatial short term memory factors emerged.
Several methodological difficulties of the present study which possibly contributed to the failure of the two hypothesized factors to emerge were discussed. Several additional findings, including sex differences in hemispheric lateralization, were presented. Also, signal detection analysis revealed a pattern such that trait anxious subjects were biased toward over-reporting differences on the Navon task. Implications for further research were presented.
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Murray, Sarah Elizabeth. "Hemispheric Responses to Different Musical Selections." Wittenberg University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wuhonors1338492751.
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Heywood, Peter G. "Predictors of successful imagery relaxation : an investigation of the relationship between absorption and brain hemisphericity /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9737877.
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Samimi, Elizabeth Oster. "The temporal contributions of the left and right hemispheres in the processing of nonliteral language /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF formate. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3208813.
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Jordan-Brown, Laura M. "Top-to-bottom serial analysis of faces in the left and the right cerebral hemispheres." Virtual Press, 1985. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/423897.
Full textAbstract:
The present study investigated hemispheric lateralization and the use of serial versus global processing of facial stimuli in a recognition task. The subjects were 19 male and 29 female undergraduate students. Identi-Kit faces which varied on four features (hair, eyes, mouth, and chin) were tachistoscopically presented. The accuracy of the subjects' responses were recorded. Analyses of variance suggested that subjects did not differ in use of inner or outer details, but did differ in use of upper and lower details. The data suggested a top-to-bottom order of processing for stimuli presented in both visual fields, with the most accurate recognition based on the hair, eyes, mouth, and chin, in that order.
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Wright, Victoria Caroline. "Word length effects in the left and right cerebral hemispheres : the right visual field advantage." Thesis, Swansea University, 2011. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa43173.
Full textAbstract:
It has long been known that word length has a larger influence on the recognition of words presented in the left visual field than the right visual field, an effect commonly referred to as the length by visual field interaction. The aim of the present thesis was to explore the neural and behavioural effects of the length by visual field interaction. In doing so, it was expected that the results would contribute to and extend the body of behavioural research in this area, particularly in regard to the hemispheric processing of words. Chapter One presents a general overview of the thesis; in Chapter Two, the nature of the right visual field advantage is reviewed, with particular reference to previous work that has demonstrated differential effects of word length in each of the cerebral hemispheres. Models that seek to account for visual field asymmetries are also reviewed. Chapter Three outlines the key methods adopted in the thesis, namely, the divided visual field task and the use of event-related potentials. Chapters Four and Five present the results of two experiments that explored the neural effect of increasing word length in each of the hemispheres. The results provided ERP evidence of early processing dissociations between the hemispheres in terms of words and non-words of different lengths. Experiments 3-6 explored the effect of orthographic uniqueness point in each of the visual fields, as a means of exploring the nature of processing conducted by each hemisphere. Across three experiments, it was shown that words with a late uniqueness point were recognised faster and more accurately than words with an early uniqueness point. This facilitation for late uniqueness point words was evident in the ERP response at 170ms. Furthermore, orthographic uniqueness point was shown to differentially affect each of the hemispheres. Experiments 6-9 provided evidence to suggest that the interaction of length and visual field was influenced by orthographic depth, a property of language that reflects the transparency with which sounds are represented in print. In Chapter Ten, the effect of format distortion on the interaction of length and visual field was explored. Finally, Chapter Ten summarises and discuss the key findings of the present thesis in light of theories that seek to account for lateralised word recognition.
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au, J. Fitzgerald@murdoch edu, and John Patrick FitzGerald. "Heterochrony of Ageing of Adult Cerebral Hemispheres and Relationships with Emotion Function, Mood and Social Engagement." Murdoch University, 2007. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20071002.101145.
Full textAbstract:
A number of studies have suggested that the right cerebral hemisphere declines, functionally, more rapidly, and to a greater degree, than does the left hemisphere, as the human adult ages. Furthermore, research has suggested a possible link between age by gender-related changes in cognitive function and changes in mood and levels of social engagement.
Importantly, a literature search identified that no previous study has employed a divided visual field experimental technique, where emotionally valenced verbal stimuli have been presented, in order to test whether selective impairment of right cerebral hemisphere functioning is associated with normal adult ageing. Nor has any study investigated associations between age, gender, levels of social engagement, mood, and performances in the perception of both emotionally valenced verbal stimuli and facial affect.
The present study investigated whether a selective impairment of right cerebral hemispheric cognitive functioning, in relation to emotion perception, is associated with normal adult ageing. In addition, the present study explored whether any relationships exist between an age-related and/or age by gender-related right cerebral hemispheric cognitive impairment, problems with mood, and deficits in social engagement. Two divided visual field experiments were conducted: one divided visual field experiment employed verbal stimuli, and the other, facial image stimuli. These two experiments attempted to assess changes, with adult ageing, in hemispheric specialisation for the perception of emotion by
tachistoscopically presenting valenced (positive, neutral, or negative) verbal and facial image stimuli, within a divided visual field experimental paradigm. The studies were conducted across two groups (an old group and a young group of subjects), whilst controlling for gender, handedness and verbal ability of subjects. The dependent variables in these two experiments were the subjects' reaction times to the stimuli, accuracy of identification of the emotional valence of the stimuli, and response biases to these stimuli.
The data derived from the verbal divided visual field and facial image divided visual field experiments did not indicate any changes in relation to the laterality of emotion perception as the adult human being ages. Importantly, though, the results from both of the aforementioned experiments revealed that the older group of subjects responded more slowly and less accurately to the emotionally valued stimuli than did the younger group of subjects, suggesting that deficits in emotion perception occur with adult ageing.
In addition, the results suggested age by gender-specific relationships, whereby an overall lowering in cognitive ability for older men was associated with a lowering in ability to accurately perceive the emotional valence of the stimuli. For older women it was found that a lowering in cognitive ability largely mediated by the left cerebral hemisphere was associated with a lowering in ability to accurately perceive the emotional valence of the stimuli, whilst cognitive ability for young persons was not associated with this variable. The data also suggested that for the young women, a heightened level of cognitive ability largely mediated by the left cerebral hemisphere was associated with a lowering in satisfaction with their level of social interaction, whereas a heightened level of cognitive ability largely mediated by the right cerebral hemisphere was associated with a heightened level of mood disturbance.
Gender-specific relationships were also found, whereby for both the older and younger women, a heightened level of mood disturbance was associated with a lowering in satisfaction with their level of social interaction, whilst for both the older and younger men these variables had no relationship.
Furthermore, an age by gender-specific relationship was revealed, whereby for the older men, a heightened level of satisfaction with their level of social interaction was associated with a heightened level of social engagement, whilst for the young men, and both the young and older women, these variables had no relationship.
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Pilgrim, Lesley Karen. "The functional and neural organisation of semantic knowledge : the contribution of right and left cerebral hemispheres." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619680.
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FitzGerald, John P. "Heterochrony of ageing of adult cerebral hemispheres and relationships with emotion function, mood and social engagement /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2006. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20071002.101145.
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FitzGerald, John Patrick. "Heterochrony of ageing of adult cerebral hemispheres and relationships with emotion function, mood and social engagement." Thesis, FitzGerald, John Patrick (2007) Heterochrony of ageing of adult cerebral hemispheres and relationships with emotion function, mood and social engagement. Professional Doctorate thesis, Murdoch University, 2007. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52/.
Full textAbstract:
A number of studies have suggested that the right cerebral hemisphere declines, functionally, more rapidly, and to a greater degree, than does the left hemisphere, as the human adult ages. Furthermore, research has suggested a possible link between age by gender-related changes in cognitive function and changes in mood and levels of social engagement.
Importantly, a literature search identified that no previous study has employed a divided visual field experimental technique, where emotionally valenced verbal stimuli have been presented, in order to test whether selective impairment of right cerebral hemisphere functioning is associated with normal adult ageing. Nor has any study investigated associations between age, gender, levels of social engagement, mood, and performances in the perception of both emotionally valenced verbal stimuli and facial affect.
The present study investigated whether a selective impairment of right cerebral hemispheric cognitive functioning, in relation to emotion perception, is associated with normal adult ageing. In addition, the present study explored whether any relationships exist between an age-related and/or age by gender-related right cerebral hemispheric cognitive impairment, problems with mood, and deficits in social engagement. Two divided visual field experiments were conducted: one divided visual field experiment employed verbal stimuli, and the other, facial image stimuli. These two experiments attempted to assess changes, with adult ageing, in hemispheric specialisation for the perception of emotion by tachistoscopically presenting valenced (positive, neutral, or negative) verbal and facial image stimuli, within a divided visual field experimental paradigm. The studies were conducted across two groups (an old group and a young group of subjects), whilst controlling for gender, handedness and verbal ability of subjects. The dependent variables in these two experiments were the subjects' reaction times to the stimuli, accuracy of identification of the emotional valence of the stimuli, and response biases to these stimuli.
The data derived from the verbal divided visual field and facial image divided visual field experiments did not indicate any changes in relation to the laterality of emotion perception as the adult human being ages. Importantly, though, the results from both of the aforementioned experiments revealed that the older group of subjects responded more slowly and less accurately to the emotionally valued stimuli than did the younger group of subjects, suggesting that deficits in emotion perception occur with adult ageing.
In addition, the results suggested age by gender-specific relationships, whereby an overall lowering in cognitive ability for older men was associated with a lowering in ability to accurately perceive the emotional valence of the stimuli. For older women it was found that a lowering in cognitive ability largely mediated by the left cerebral hemisphere was associated with a lowering in ability to accurately perceive the emotional valence of the stimuli, whilst cognitive ability for young persons was not associated with this variable. The data also suggested that for the young women, a heightened level of cognitive ability largely mediated by the left cerebral hemisphere was associated with a lowering in satisfaction with their level of social interaction, whereas a heightened level of cognitive ability largely mediated by the right cerebral hemisphere was associated with a heightened level of mood disturbance.
Gender-specific relationships were also found, whereby for both the older and younger women, a heightened level of mood disturbance was associated with a lowering in satisfaction with their level of social interaction, whilst for both the older and younger men these variables had no relationship.
Furthermore, an age by gender-specific relationship was revealed, whereby for the older men, a heightened level of satisfaction with their level of social interaction was associated with a heightened level of social engagement, whilst for the young men, and both the young and older women, these variables had no relationship.
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Eglin, Mirjam. "Different functions of attention in the hemispheres : evidence for lateral asymmetries in a filtering type of attention /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1986. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=7992.
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Barrette, Martine. "Contributions of the right and left hemispheres to lexical ambiguity resolution : evidence from unilaterally brain-damaged adults." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32978.
Full textAbstract:
The present experiment was conducted to explore the time-course of lexical ambiguity resolution in normal control (NC) subjects and the nature of right hemisphere-damaged (RHD) and left hemisphere-damaged (LHD) patients' impairments in this process. NC, RHD and LHD subjects performed a cross-modal lexical decision task, in which they heard sentence contexts that were biased toward the dominant or subordinate meanings of ambiguous words occurring before the end of the sentence. Written target words related to the dominant or subordinate meaning of the ambiguous words were introduced either at the onset of the ambiguous word (immediate condition), or 1000 ms later (delayed condition). Results revealed that both dominant and subordinate meanings were primed in the immediate condition, irrespective of context type or group. In the delayed condition, only the contextually-appropriate dominant meanings were primed in normal control subjects, whereas both patient groups showed significant priming only for the contextually-inappropriate dominant meanings. Findings for the NC subjects are interpreted in support of a modular model of lexical ambiguity resolution, and more specifically of an exhaustive access view. Patients' results are discussed with reference to a delayed suppression mechanism of inappropriate meanings, which is thought to be involved in these patients' language comprehension deficits.
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Alden, John Dale. "Hemispheric reactivity to bright light exposure: a test of the relationship between age, hemi-activation and depression." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38536.
Full textAbstract:
Much of the research on differential hemispheric activation as a function of age or the presence of depression suggests that a relative decrease in left hemisphere activation is associated with depression, while a decrease of right hemisphere activation is associated with age. Recent research, however, has demonstrated the role of the right hemisphere in maintaining general behavioral arousal. Pilot data suggest that elderly people experience behavioral over-arousal when presented with stressful or novel environmental stimuli. Equally interesting is the finding in a single-case study that ambient light and noise have a differential effect on behavior presumed to be representative of the left and the right cerebral hemispheres. The left hemisphere appears to be more responsive to ambient light level, with the right hemisphere being more responsive to ambient noise level. The present study sought to provide further support of selective hemispheric activation to bright light, and to examine the relationships among hemi-activation, age and depression by using behavioral measures of lateral anterior (finger tapping rate) and posterior (dichotic listening) cortical functioning. Two identical experiments were employed to evaluate old and young, and depressed and non-depressed sUbjects. Direct evidence of right herni-aging effects on laterality was not significant in the first experiment, but data suggested the possibility of a ceiling effect for behavioral arousal in the older group which was not seen in younger subjects. The second experiment yielded no significant results between depressed and non-depressed groups. Hypotheses of under and over arousal in subjects are proposed to explain findings. Possible implications for treatment and recommendations for further research are proposed.Ph. D.
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Mason, Alyssa M. Mason. "Do Handedness Differences in Interhemispheric Interaction Extend to Intrahemispheric Interaction?" University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1530783272012143.
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Kongsbak, Ute. "Reading comprehension of literal, translational, and high inference level questions in aphasic and right hemisphere damaged adults." PDXScholar, 1990. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4094.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to examine and compare inferential abilities on a reading comprehension task in two groups of adults who had suffered cerebrovascular accidents (CVA). Sixteen subjects with a CVA to the right hemisphere of the brain were compared to an equal number of left hemisphere damaged subjects. Subjects were selected after they had demonstrated an adequate level of functioning on the Short Porch Index of Communicative Ability (SPICA), a test which measures communicative efficiency, to perform the tasks required in this study. All subjects were administered the revised version of the Nelson Reading Skills Test (NRST). On the NRST, test questions can be grouped into three categories representing literal, translational and high levels of inference. Subjects were presented five reading paragraphs. They were asked to answer thirty-three questions pertaining to the reading material by pointing to the correct answer out of four choices. Subjects were allowed to refer back to the paragraphs when trying to answer the questions.
Results revealed total NRST performance to be significantly better for RBD subjects. RBD subjects also performed significantly better than LBD subjects on translational inference items. The research data did not reflect the expected error pattern with most errors on questions requiring high inferential abilities followed by translational items and fewest errors on literal inferences for either group of subjects.
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Prat, Chantel Spring. "Hemispheric differences in discourse representation : insight into right hemisphere discourse processes /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Avenant, Carina. "Thinking style preferences in communication pathology." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2001. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03192007-100706.
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Roebuck, Tresa M. "Assessment of interhemispheric interaction in children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9980048.
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Dolberg, Rebecca. "Task specific focal hand dystonia: Temporal and spatial abnormalities in sensory and motor processing in the contralateral and ipsilateral hemispheres." Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3390042.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (D.P.T.Sc.)--University of California, San Francisco and San Francisco State University, 2009.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 71-02, Section: B, page: . Adviser: Nancy N. Byl.
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McDonald, P. M., and n/a. "Right and left brain learning processes : in the context of Australian export education." University of Canberra. Education, 1993. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060918.132852.
Full textAbstract:
The nature of the human brain has preoccupied philosophers and scientists for centuries. As early as the
4th Century BCE, Greek philosophers speculated that the
anatomically distinct hemispheres of the brain implied
specialisation of function. It was not until the "splitbrain"
operations of the 1950s, however, that the precise
specialisation of each hemisphere could be demonstrated.
The right hemisphere apparently assumed responsibility
for spacial, holistic processes, while the left hemisphere
processed analytical, sequential tasks.
During that same decade, educational psychologists
observed two markedly different ways in which
individuals perceive and relate to the world. It was later
observed that these "cognitive styles" seemed directly
related to the bi-polar functions of the right and left
hemispheres of the brain. This implied a genetic basis
for cognitive style.
Subsequent research suggested that cognitive style is to a
considerable extent a result of the environment of
socialisation, and therefore, different cultures would
demonstrate different cognitive styles. Such cultural
differences in learning expectations might have serious
implications for both teachers and learners in the field of
export education.
The literature review in this study identified physical,
environmental, and experiential factors which appear to
influence cognitive style. This information formed the
basis of the biographical section of a questionnaire which
elicited the learning style preferences of pre-tertiary
students from Australia (native speakers), Indonesia and
Japan. The study posed the negative hypothesis: There
are no significant differences in patterns of cognitive
styles between cultures.
The results of the field study contradicted the negative
hypothesis, identifying significant differences in patterns
of cognitive styles between the three cultural groups.
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Moren, Mark G. "Predictive utility of neuropsychological measures and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in the classification of cerebral perfusion deficits in dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT)." Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1001181.
Full textAbstract:
The general purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between neuropsychological tests scores and perfusion deficits, based upon measures of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) taken from the single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scans of patients suffering from dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT). The study was designed to determine if DAT patients categorized as having left hemisphere, right hemisphere, diffuse, or an absence of perfusion deficits, as measured by SPECT, would be accurately grouped into their respective categories, and if they would exhibit the corresponding neuropsychological deficiencies usually associated with lateral hemispheric asymmetries.Selected subjects were 80 right handed, DAT patients from the North Broward Medical Center - Memory Disorder Center, in Pompono Beach, Florida, who had been administered a neuropsychological test battery, and a SPECT scan.Through several ANOVA's that were calculated for each of the neuropsychological variables, it was concluded that DAT patients who suffered from perfusion deficits exhibited significantly lower levels of neuropsychological functioning than DAT patients without perfusion deficits.These analyses revealed significantly lower levels of neuropsychological performance in the perfusion deficit group on the combination of left hemisphere WAIS-R subtests (Information, Similarities & Vocabulary), WMS - Logical Story (p < .01), WRAT-R Reading, WRAT-R Mathematics, WMS Paired Associates, and the Rey Complex Figure (p < .05).A separate step-wise discriminant function analysis indicated that a combination of the neuropsychological variables could not accurately classify the DAT patients into their respective right hemisphere, left hemisphere, diffuse, or absence of perfusion deficit groups. The discriminant function classified only 32.5% of the grouped cases accurately. Of the original thirteen neuropsychological variables, only Paired Associates immediate recall of the WMS entered the discriminant analysis equation. This accounted for only 23% of the total variability that could be explained by differences between the perfusion deficit groups. In several post hoc ANOVA's using the Bonferroni method of multiple comparisons, it was revealed that the absence of perfusion deficit group scored significantly higher than the other groups on the majority of the left hemisphere neuropsychological measures. However, none of the right hemisphere neuropsychological measures attained significance.Department of Educational Psychology