Relevant bibliographies by topics / Hemiplegia Rehabilitation

Academic literature on the topic 'Hemiplegia Rehabilitation'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Hemiplegia Rehabilitation"

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Shah, Surya. "Current Concepts and Controversies in Stroke Recovery: Rehabilitation Implications." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 61, no. 2 (February 1998): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802269806100208.

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This paper summarises the stroke incidence crude rate as 3.02 per 1000 people of 25 years and over and that of ‘mini-strokes’ as 2.89 per 1000 people. Many people with a mini-stroke may develop a full stroke within one year. Occupational therapists therefore need to shift their attention first to primary prevention to alter original organic pathology and then to restitution of hemiplegia. A number of issues in neurological recovery following hemiplegia are then highlighted. These include ‘penumbra’, a metabolic disorder, the understanding of which helps to know if a hemiplegic lesion is able to tolerate the loss of oxygen and whether it can adapt to the ischaemia, early mortality and implications of regional cerebral circulation changes for treatment of hemiplegia and for prognosis. In the treatment of hemiplegia, there is a need to understand the role of ipsilateral brain, that is, brain plasticity in stroke recovery, the role of uncrossed pyramidal fibres, the parallel versus hierarchical operation of the descending cortical influences, and the interactions of the pre-motor systems with the primary cortex. In treatment, the paper explains the implications of the use of Bobath-type therapeutic procedures, the use of unilateral or bilateral tasks in occupational therapy and the learned non-use of the hemiplegic side.
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Vismara, Luca, Veronica Cimolin, Francesca Buffone, Matteo Bigoni, Daniela Clerici, Serena Cerfoglio, Manuela Galli, and Alessandro Mauro. "Brain Asymmetry and Its Effects on Gait Strategies in Hemiplegic Patients: New Rehabilitative Conceptions." Brain Sciences 12, no. 6 (June 18, 2022): 798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12060798.

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Brain asymmetry is connected with motor performance, suggesting that hemiparetic patients have different gait patterns depending on the side of the lesion. This retrospective cohort study aims to further investigate the difference between right and left hemiplegia in order to assess whether the injured side can influence the patient’s clinical characteristics concerning gait, thus providing insights for new personalized rehabilitation strategies. The data from 33 stroke patients (17 with left and 16 with right hemiplegia) were retrospectively compared with each other and with a control group composed of 20 unaffected age-matched individuals. The 3D gait analysis was used to assess kinematic data and spatio-temporal parameters. Compared to left hemiplegic patients, right hemiplegic patients showed worse spatio-temporal parameters (p < 0.05) and better kinematic parameters (p < 0.05). Both pathological groups were characterized by abnormal gait parameters in comparison with the control group (p < 0.05). These findings show an association between the side of the lesion—right or left—and the different stroke patients’ gait patterns: left hemiplegic patients show better spatio-temporal parameters, whereas right hemiplegic patients show better segmentary motor performances. Therefore, further studies may develop and assess new personalized rehabilitation strategies considering the injured hemisphere and brain asymmetry.
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Kakurai, S., and M. Akai. "Clinical experiences with a convertible thermoplastic knee-ankle-foot orthosis for post-stroke hemiplegic patients." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 20, no. 3 (December 1996): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03093649609164442.

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As rehabilitation for post-stroke hemiplegic patients has become widely accepted practice, there has been an increase in patients who are more difficult to treat. In the prescription rationale of orthoses for hemiplegics, the knee-ankle-foot orthosis (KAFO) for the lower limb has generally been underestimated because of its inhibitory effect on the normal walking pattern and also its interference with gait training. The authors had an experience of 28 hemiplegics with severe physical impairments who were fitted with a convertible plastic KAFO. Among these patients, there were 11 cases in which the KAFO was replaced by an ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) within 1.5 to 8 months (average 4 months) following initial prescription when they were able to control their knee actively. Ambulatory capability in these patients was superior to that of the remaining KAFO group. The Barthel index of the AFO group patients was higher than the KAFO group (p<0.01). However neither age, sex, severity of hemiplegia, starting time of rehabilitation following onset of stroke, time of fitting with the orthosis, nor the functional recovery stage were critical factors between the two groups, only the incidence of major complications affected ambulatory capability.
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Mudie, M. Heather, and Thomas A. Matyas. "Responses of the Densely Hemiplegic Upper Extremity to Bilateral Training." Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair 15, no. 2 (March 2001): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154596830101500206.

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Objective: Recovery of movement in the densely hemiplegic upper extremity re mains a problem after stroke. This study aimed to determine whether movement recovery could be improved in the hemiplegic arm with bilateral isokinematic training. Methods: Within and between groups, planned comparisons investigated the effects of bilateral training on attempts at two movements by subjects with acute and chronic problems with one and two bilateral practice phases. Electromyographic (EMG) activity of mid dle deltoid and extensor carpi radialis longus in the hemiplegic arm was recorded dur ing unilateral and bilateral isometric shoulder abduction and wrist extension. Results: Small increases in muscle activity were demonstrated by both experimental and con trol subjects during most bilateral practices in both actions. However, these increases were not significantly different from the previous unilateral trial, and the bilateral ef fect failed to generalize to subsequent trials. Previous studies with less densely hemiplegic subjects had demonstrated generalization of improvements in movement patterns with bilateral training to unimanual actions of the densely hemiplegic arm. Conclusions: Extensive lesions may limit brain reorganization and recover of dense hemiplegia after stroke. Nonetheless, on the basis of findings from other studies in which functional im provements occurred in both acute and chronic severely stroke-affected subjects, out come forecasting for the hemiplegic upper extremity should only eventuate after provi sion of practice under optimal learning conditions. Key Words: Bilateral isokinematic training—Dense hemiplegia—Stroke—Treatment outcomes.
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Khoshbakht, Moloud, Parvin Raji, Noureddin Nakhostin Ansari, and Mahmoud Mahmodian. "Impact of somatosensory interventions on upper limb function in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy: a single-subject design study." International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 28, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ijtr.2019.0122.

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Background/aims Hemiplegia is one of the most common types of cerebral palsy. Upper limb dysfunction in these children can affect their quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of somatosensory interventions on upper extremity sensory and motor functions in spastic hemiplegic children. Methods This single-subject study was performed in the occupational therapy clinic of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Three participants (two boys and one girl) aged 8–12 years with spastic hemiplegia were assessed during baseline, treatment and follow-up phases. During the treatment phase, the children received 12 tactile and proprioceptive stimulation (active, passive and playful) sessions over 4 weeks. Four sensory measures (tactile localisation, stereognosis, two-point discrimination, proprioception) and one motor measure (Box and Block Test) were assessed during each phase. Results Improvement in function was seen in all three children based on visual analysis, with significant differences between the baseline and treatment scores in the majority of measures for all participants. Changes were sustained at follow up for most tests. The effect size was large for all three children. Conclusions Despite the small number of participants, sensory intervention with a focus on sensory deficits could help to improve upper extremity sensory and motor function in children with spastic hemiplegia.
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Chen, Sicheng, and Yunlong Yang. "Multi-mode Controller for Hemiplegia Rehabilitation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1992, no. 4 (August 1, 2021): 042038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1992/4/042038.

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Bohannon, Richard W., A. Williams Andrews, and Melissa B. Smith. "Rehabilitation goals of patients with hemiplegia." International Journal of Rehabilitation Research 11, no. 2 (June 1988): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004356-198806000-00012.

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Hartman-Maeir, Adina, Nachum Soroker, and Noomi Katz. "Anosognosia for Hemiplegia in Stroke Rehabilitation." Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair 15, no. 3 (September 2001): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154596830101500309.

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate anosognosia for hemiple gia (AHP) in the rehabilitation phase after onset of stroke. Methods: Forty-six hemi plegic stroke patients, 29 with right hemisphere damage (RHD) and 17 with left hemi sphere damage (LHD) were evaluated ∼1 month after onset of stroke. Anosognosia was evaluated with an implicit measure designed to assess anosognosic behaviors (choosing between unimanual and bimanual tasks), in addition to a traditional ex plicit verbal measure. Results: AHP was found m 28% of the RHD and 24% of the LHD group. The majority of patients with AHP in the RHD group had large lesions involving the frontal, parietal, or temporal lobes and had coexisting sensory deficits and unilateral spatial neglect, whereas the LHD patients with AHP had predominantly small subcortical lesions and no sensory or attentional deficits. The functional out comes of AHP patients in both hemisphere groups revealed their inability to retain safety measures at discharge from rehabilitation (p < 0.036) and their need for assis tance in basic and instrumental activities of daily living at follow-up. Conclusions: AHP presents a significant risk for negative functional outcome in stroke rehabilita tion. The underlying mechanisms of AHP may be different for left and right hemi sphere patients, therefore requiring different intervention approaches. Key Words: Anosognosia—Cerebrovascular accident—Rehabilitation outcome.
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Beretta, Elena, Ambra Cesareo, Emilia Biffi, Carolyn Schafer, Sara Galbiati, and Sandra Strazzer. "Rehabilitation of Upper Limb in Children with Acquired Brain Injury: A Preliminary Comparative Study." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4208492.

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Acquired brain injuries (ABIs) can lead to a wide range of impairments, including weakness or paralysis on one side of the body known as hemiplegia. In hemiplegic patients, the rehabilitation of the upper limb skills is crucial, because the recovery has an immediate impact on patient quality of life. For this reason, several treatments were developed to flank physical therapy (PT) and improve functional recovery of the upper limbs. Among them, Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) and robot-aided therapy have shown interesting potentialities in the rehabilitation of the hemiplegic upper limb. Nevertheless, there is a lack of quantitative evaluations of effectiveness in a standard clinical setting, especially in children, as well as a lack of direct comparative studies between these therapeutic techniques. In this study, a group of 18 children and adolescents with hemiplegia was enrolled and underwent intensive rehabilitation treatment including PT and CIMT or Armeo®Spring therapy. The effects of the treatments were assessed using clinical functional scales and upper limb kinematic analysis during horizontal and vertical motor tasks. Results showed CIMT to be the most effective in terms of improved functional scales, while PT seemed to be the most significant in terms of kinematic variations. Specifically, PT resulted to have positive influence on distal movements while CIMT conveyed more changes in the proximal kinematics. Armeo treatment delivered improvements mainly in the vertical motor task, showing trends of progresses of the movement efficiency and reduction of compensatory movements of the shoulder with respect to other treatments. Therefore, every treatment gave advantages in a specific and different upper limb district. Therefore, results of this preliminary study may be of help to define the best rehabilitation treatment for each patient, depending on the goal, and may thus support clinical decision.
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Olivieri, Ivana, Matteo Chiappedi, Paolo Meriggi, Marcella Mazzola, Attilia Grandi, and Lucia Angelini. "Rehabilitation of Children with Hemiparesis: A Pilot Study on the Use of Virtual Reality." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/695935.

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Background. A wide range of treatments have been used to improve upper arm motor performances in children with congenital hemiplegia. Recent findings are suggesting that virtual reality based intervention could be a promising tool also in pediatric rehabilitation.Methods. Six patients with congenital hemiplegia (age: 4–16 years) were recruited among those treated in the Child Neuropsychiatry and Rehabilitation Unit of the IRCCS “Santa Maria Nascente” (Milan, Italy), for a preliminary investigation about using nonimmersive virtual reality for upper limb rehabilitation. Ten sessions using VRRS system (Khymeia, Padova, Italy) were weekly administered as a part of the rehabilitative treatment. Melbourne Assessment of Unilateral Limb Movement, Ashworth Scale, and Arm’s PROM were selected as main outcome measures. At the end of treatment, participants filled in an ad hoc satisfaction questionnaire.Results. All subjects completed the proposed treatment, and they also gave a positive judgment regarding this rehabilitative method. Melbourne score increased in all patients.Conclusion. Our findings seem to support the evidence that VR treatment could be a promising and engaging tool for pediatric rehabilitation. However, the limited size of the population and the small number of sessions require further investigations and RCTs to confirm our positive results.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hemiplegia Rehabilitation"

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Steberiokaitė, Sandra. "Kineziterapijos poveikis pacientų, sergančių galvos smegenų insultu, eisenai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060509_124103-26763.

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Objective: gait of patients after stroke. Stroke is acute vascular disturbance in the brain, which involves sensory and motor systems of the opposite side to the brain lesion. Inability to walk or abnormal gait pattern is one of the biggest problem after cerebral vascular accident, which predispose the stoke survivors to a sedentary lifestyle, which further limits the individual’s activities of daily living and reduces cardiovascular reserves. One of the primary goals for physical therapy is to restore the ability to walk. It is the first step in becoming independent. In this case the main purposes of this study – to evaluate the influence of the physical therapy of gait of stoke patients. The tasks to reach the purpose of this study were: 1) to assess the effectiveness of special active walking exercises in order to regain the gait; 2) to assess the effectiveness of balance exercises in order to regain the gait; 3) to compare the effectiveness of different physiotherapy methods. The study was performed in physical medicine and rehabilitation department of Virsuziglis rehabilitation hospital. Thirty patients after cerebral vascular stoke, took part in this study. They were divided in two groups. The first group’s patients besides the traditional physical therapy performed special active walking exercises. The second group’s patients additionally were applied balance exercises. These used research methods: “Up and Go” test, Berg balance scale, motor assessment scale, Smidt... [to full text]
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Labban, Wasim. "The effect of gluteal taping on gait in ambulant adults with hemiplegia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2278.

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Thesis (MScPhysio (Physiotherapy))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
Introduction Decreased hip extension in the paretic leg is a common impairment after stroke. Gluteal taping was introduced as a technique that helped in increasing hip extension of the paretic leg, and step length in the unaffected leg. The aim of this study was to further investigate the effect of gluteal taping on other temporal spatial and kinematic parameters using a 3D motion analysis system (Moven System). Methods The study was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 entailed examining the intra trial reliability of the Moven System, where eight subjects were recruited and tested twice at their normal pace of walking, and twice again at their maximum speed. Phase 2 involved studying the effect of gluteal taping on temporal spatial and kinematic parameters. Thirty subjects participated and were tested under three taping conditions (no tape, therapeutic tape, and placebo tape), while walking at their self selected walking speed. Intra-class correlation coefficient ICC determined around 95% confidence intervals was used to examine the intra trial reliability of the Moven System. Repeated measures-ANOVA was used to study the temporal spatial, and kinematic variables during the three taping conditions. Results The Moven showed moderate to excellent reliability in measuring the gait variables including temporal spatial parameters and sagittal kinematic parameters in addition to the lateral pelvic tilt. Taping caused significant increase in hip extension and reduction in knee flexion at terminal stance for the paretic leg. There was a trend toward better hip flexion at terminal stance, and a mild trend toward more planter flexion at terminal stance. Both treatment and placebo tapes caused an increase in the step lengths of either leg, and a significant increase in gait velocity and cadence. Conclusion Gluteal taping may be beneficial in producing important clinical effects post stroke, and can be used as an adjunct strategy during gait rehabilitation. Further research is needed to understand the mechanism of how taping produces effects, and to further explore its effect on kinetic and muscle activation variables.
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Bailes, Amy F. "Effects of Functional Electrical Stimulation Neuroprosthesis in Children with Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1415615294.

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Dreyer, Sonette. "An investigation into the immediate effect of patellar taping on knee control in patients with adult acquired hemiplegia due to stroke." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1671.

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Thesis (MScPhysio (Physiotherapy))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
The ability to walk has been rated by stroke patients as one of the most important goals of their rehabilitation. Knee control is a key element in normal gait. Currently, treatment options aimed at improving poor knee control in stroke patients are often costly, need specialised equipment and have poor patient compliance. The purpose of the current study was to assess whether medial patellar taping could improve knee control in stroke patients. Gait speed, dynamic standing balance, knee alignment and whether the subjects experienced any subjective stabilising effect on the knee after taping were tested. Twenty subjects diagnosed with hemiplegia after a stroke served as their own controls in a repeated measures experimental study. Results indicated that dynamic standing balance as tested by the Step Test (p=0.063) and the Timed-up-and-go test (p=0.099) (Wilcoxon test) showed marginal improvement after taping. This improvement in dynamic standing balance may indicate that neuro-motor control and/or eccentric knee control had improved. There was no change in walking speed and knee alignment as tested by change in the Q-angle (Wilcoxon test). However, a decrease in the Q-angle correlated with an improvement in dynamic standing balance as tested by the Step Test (p=0.029) (Spearman‟s test). Participants with decreased Q-angles after taping possibly had better knee alignment and were more willing to accept weight on their affected leg indicating a change in quadriceps activation. No change in walking speed (p=0.351) (Wilcoxon test) before and after taping may indicate that there was no change in the magnitude of contraction and/or concentric activity in the quadriceps muscle. Thirty percent of the participants reported a subjective change in knee stability after taping. Subjective change did not, however, significantly correlate with either of the balance tests, walking speed or Q-angle measurements. The possibility that medial patellar taping may be useful in treating poor knee control in stroke patients during dynamic balance activities should be investigated further.
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Brito, Christina May Moran de. "Perfil de risco de perda óssea em pacientes hemiplégicos crônicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5166/tde-25092009-150918/.

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INTRODUÇÃO: A perda óssea acelerada é uma das reconhecidas complicações da hemiplegia pós-acidente vascular encefálico (AVE), mas pouco se sabe sobre o ritmo de perda na fase crônica e seus determinantes. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a evolução tardia da densidade mineral óssea (DMO) em pacientes hemiplégicos crônicos, bem como identificar possíveis fatores associados. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo longitudinal envolvendo pacientes ambulatoriais com hemiplegia há mais de 12 meses. Pacientes com doenças e outras condições associadas à perda óssea foram excluídos. Avaliações clínica e densitométrica foram realizadas no início e após aproximadamente 16 meses, e foram analisados fatores de risco para perda óssea. RESULTADOS: Cinquenta e sete pacientes foram estudados, sendo 40 do sexo masculino, com média de 59,3 anos e tempo médio de hemiplegia de 33,4 meses. Ao comparar os hemicorpos acometido e não acometido, foi observada perda óssea mais acentuada em antebraço acometido (p=0,001), mas não em fêmur acometido. Foi observada perda óssea significativa em 56% dos pacientes em antebraço e 22,6% em fêmur, no lado acometido. Maior tempo de AVE foi protetor para a perda óssea em antebraço (OR = 0,96, IC 95%: 0,92 0,99; p=0,015), e o uso de anticoagulantes e/ou anticonvulsivantes (OR = 5,83, IC 95%:1,25 27,3; p=0,025) e espasticidade moderada/intensa (OR = 8,29, IC 95%:1,10 62,4; p=0,040) foram determinantes para perda óssea em fêmur. CONCLUSÕES: O presente estudo evidenciou que a perda óssea é comum e frequente em antebraço acometido em pacientes com hemiplegia crônica, com tendência à estabilização da perda com o passar do tempo. Espasticidade mais intensa e uso de anticoagulantes e/ou anticonvulsivantes foram associados à perda óssea em fêmur. Estes achados indicam que pacientes hemiplégicos crônicos devem ser monitorados e tratados para perda óssea, com atenção para os determinantes identificados, e que o membro superior acometido deve ser incluído na avaliação da DMO
INTRODUCTION: Accelerated bone loss is a well-known early complication of hemiplegia. However, less is known about chronicphase bone loss and its determinants. The objective of this study was to evaluate long-term changes in bone mineral density (BMD) in chronic hemiplegic patients, and investigate possible related factors. METHODS: A longitudinal study involving chronic stroke-related hemiplegic patients was conducted. Clinical and densitometric evaluations were performed at baseline and after approximately 16 months, and risk factors for bone loss were analyzed. RESULTS: Fiftyseven patients were studied (40 males) with a mean of 59.3 years and with mean time since hemiplegia of 33.4 months. Decrease in BMD was more pronounced in affected forearms compared to the nonaffected forearms (p=0.001). No difference was found between affected and non-affected femurs. Bone loss was observed in 56% of the affected forearms and 22.6% of the affected femurs. Longer time since stroke was protective for bone loss in the forearm (OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92 0.99; p=0.015), and the use of anticoagulation/antiepileptic drugs (OR = 5.83, 95% CI: 1.25 27.3; p=0.025) and moderate/severe spasticity (OR = 8.29, 95% CI: 1.10 62.4; p=0.040) were associated to bone loss in the femur. CONCLUSIONS: Bone loss is common and more frequent in the affected forearm in chronic hemiplegic patients with tendency to stabilize over time. Greater spasticity and use of anticoagulation and/or antiepileptic drugs were proved to be associated with bone loss at the femur. Our findings indicate that chronic hemiplegic patients should be monitored and treated for bone loss, with attention to the identified determinants, and that the upper paretic limb should be included in BMD evaluation
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Ervilha, Fernanda Passos dos Reis. "Terapia elétrica funcional intensiva no membro superior parético de pacientes pós acidente vascular encefálico." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/261977.

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Orientador: Antônio Augusto Fasolo Quevedo
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
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Resumo: Indivíduos acometidos por acidente vascular encefálico (AVE) freqüentemente apresentam diminuição na habilidade de controlar os movimentos do ombro, cotovelo e punho, bem como de realizar as tarefas de preensão com o membro superior afetado (parético). Na última década, estudos têm investigado os efeitos da aplicação simultânea e intensiva de estimulação elétrica neuromuscular e exercícios funcionais, como forma de auxiliar na reabilitação dos movimentos da mão. Uma vez comprovada a efetividade deste procedimento terapêutico, denominado Terapia Elétrica Funcional Intensiva (TEFI), poderá haver aplicação em larga escala nos centros de reabilitação, devido à redução do tempo de tratamento proporcionado pelo procedimento, uma vez que este consiste, essencialmente, em oferecer aos pacientes sessões de tratamento longas e várias vezes por semana, porém, por poucas semanas. Convencionalmente, os pacientes se submetem a duas ou três sessões de cinqüenta minutos de fisioterapia por semana, durante anos. Contudo, várias questões no que se refere à combinação destas duas técnicas terapêuticas ainda estão por serem respondidas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar os efeitos do treinamento funcional isolado com os efeitos do treinamento funcional somado à terapia elétrica funcional intensiva, a curto, médio e longo prazo, na função motora do membro superior acometido por paresia decorrente de AVE. Dez voluntários, com média de idade e de tempo de lesão de 63,1 (±11) anos e 7,9 (±6,8) meses, respectivamente, foram selecionados e divididos por sorteio em dois grupos. Oito voluntários concluíram o estudo. A intervenção foi de 5 semanas, 30 minutos de terapia convencional somados a 30 minutos de TEFI. Para o grupo experimental foi utilizado estimulador elétrico neuromuscular de 4 canais, marca Actigrip® CS system. Nas primeiras duas semanas de tratamento com estimulação elétrica, apenas músculos proximais do membro superior (m. deltóide, fibras anteriores e laterais) foram estimulados via eletrodo de superfície, com pulso monofásico com carga compensada, freqüência de 50 Hz, tempo de pulso de 200 µs e amplitude de 20 a 45 mA. Nas três semanas seguintes, o mesmo procedimento foi aplicado a músculos distais do membro superior. (canal 1 - extensor longo do polegar e, canal 2- m. oponente e flexor do polegar, canal 3 - flexor profundo em superficial dos dedos e canal 4 - músculo extensor comum dos dedos). A eletroestimulação foi realizada de tal forma a recrutar estes grupos musculares numa seqüência que mimetizava o movimento de pegar e soltar um objeto, qual seja, de estender sequencialmente o polegar, os dedos e punho e, na seqüência, flexionar o polegar, os dedos e punho. A função motora foi avaliada através dos seguintes testes: 1) Teste de Funcionalidade para Membros Superiores (Upper Extremity Functioning Test -UEFT), 2) Teste do quadrado adaptado (Drawing Test- DT) e avaliação neurológica. A análise de variância (ANOVA) mostrou diferença significante (F(4,20)=8,4; p<0,01) para o parâmetro número de repetições de movimentos funcionais realizados em dois minutos. O teste post hoc - Tukey Honest Significant Difference mostrou que tanto o grupo TEFI quanto o grupo controle apresentaram aumento significante na média do número de repetições no TFMS do pré-terapia para 2 e 5 semanas de tratamento, bem como 12 e 24 semanas de acompanhamento (p<0,03). O número de repetições das tarefas motoras aumentou de aproximadamente 8 para 11 repetições em dois minutos. Conclusão: o treinamento funcional do membro superior acometido por paresia, decorrente de AVE, somado ou não a terapia elétrica funcional intensiva induziu à melhora na funcionalidade motora. Este resultado foi atingido nas primeiras 2 semanas de treinamento e se manteve por um período de 24 semanas.
Abstract: Stroke results with decreased ability to control shoulder and elbow movements, as well as compromised grasping. In the last decade, researchers have investigated the effect of simultaneously applied intensive neuromuscular electrical stimulation and functional exercises, aiming rehabilitation of hand movements. Once proved to be effective, Intensive Functional Electrical Therapy (IFET) tends to be widely used in rehabilitation centers due to decreased treatment time needed for each patient. Conventionally, patients attend to two or three fifty minutes physiotherapy sessions a week for years. However, many questions concerned the combination of these two therapeutic techniques is still to be addressed. The present study aimed to compare the effect of functional therapy with functional therapy plus IFET, in short, medium, and in a long term. Ten volunteers, with mean (±SD) age and after stroke time 63.1 (±11) and 7.9 (±6.8) weeks and months, respectively, were randomly selected and divided in two groups. Eight volunteers concluded the study. Volunteers underwent to 5 weeks of treatment, composed of 30 minutes of conventional therapy in addition to 30 minutes of IFET. For the experimental group, a four channel electrical stimulator Actigrip® CS system was used. In the first two weeks of treatment using electrical stimulation, only upper limb proximal muscles were stimulated (m. deltoid - anterior and lateral fibers), with surface electrodes, using a 200 ?s, 50 Hz, compensated monophasic pulse, 20-45 mA of intensity. In the following three weeks, the same procedure was applied to distal upper limb muscles (channel 1 - extensor pollicis longus m., channel 2 - flexor pollicis and opponens m., channel 3 -flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis m. e channel 4 - extensor communis digitorum m.). Electrical stimulation was applied in such a way to facilitate the volunteers to grip objects, which means to extend the thumb fingers and wrist, grasp the object and then to flex the thumb, fingers and wrist. Motor function was evaluated using the Upper Extremity Functioning Test - UEFT), Drawing Test- DT, and neurological evaluation. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant difference (F(4,20)=8,4; p<0,01) for the parameter number of functional task repetitions. The Tukey Honest Significant Difference test showed that both, TEFI and control groups significantly increased the number of motor task repetitions they could perform in two minutes(p<0,03). This was significant when pre-treatment was compared with post-treatment (2 and 5 weeks of treatment, and 12 and 24 weeks of follow-up). The number of times the volunteers performed the motor task increased from 8 to approximately 11. In conclusion, functional training of upper limb, impaired due to stroke, whether added or not to intensive electrical stimulation improved motor function. This result was obtained after two weeks of treatment and last for a period of 24 weeks.
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Engenharia Biomedica
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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Griffin, Christine Elisabeth. "The feasibility of action observation combined with repetitive task practice on upper limb outcomes in moderately impaired chronic stroke survivors." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1595342020635852.

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Colomer, Font Carolina. "ehabilitación del miembro superior parético en pacientes con ictus: eficacia del empleo de entornos virtuales, soportes robóticos y retroalimentación visual con espejo." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/405635.

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El ictus sigue siendo la principal causa de discapacidad motora en el mundo, y la hemiparesia contralateral a la lesión, el síntoma más común. La afectación del miembro superior va a condicionar de forma notable la funcionalidad del brazo, su incorporación en actividades de la vida diaria, y la calidad de vida del paciente. Mejorar el control sensitivo-motor del miembro superior es uno de los retos importantes en neurorrehabilitación La neurorehabilitación se basa en el hecho de que los principios de aprendizaje motor se pueden aplicar a la recuperación de movimiento tras una lesión cerebral, y que el entrenamiento puede desembocar en mejorías permanentes en la función sensitivo-motora. En base a los conocimientos sobre control motor, aprendizaje y plasticidad tras ictus, se deben establecer programas terapéuticos que fomenten la neuroplasticidad adaptativa. El objetivo principal de la Tesis es recoger y analizar los resultados protocolos de rehabilitación destinados a la recuperación del miembro superior parético en sujetos crónicos. Como parte del cuerpo principal de la tesis se incluyen dos estudios: - Effect of a mixed reality-based intervention on arm, hand and finger function on chronic stroke: Evalúa un protocolo apoyado en un Entorno de Realidad Mixta diseñado para sujetos hemiparéticos con afectación leve - Mirror therapy in chronic stroke survivors with severely impaired upper limb function: a randomized controlled trial: Estudia la eficacia de un protocolo de Terapia con Espejo, aplicado a sujetos con afectación muy severa En el apartado Anexo se incluye otro trabajo publicado: - Eficacia del sistema Armeo®Spring en la fase crónica del ictus. Estudio en hemiparesias leves-moderadas: Refleja la eficacia de la asistencia robótica, destinado en este caso al abordaje de brazo con una afectación leve-moderada. Por otra parte, se revisa la literatura científica a través de las bases de datos Medline, PubMed, EMBASE y PEDro, al respecto de las técnicas de rehabilitación estudiadas, su eficacia y los fundamentos fisiológicos en las que se basan. Con el entorno de Realidad Mixta en sujetos con paresia leve, y con la terapia con sistema Robótico para pacientes con afectación leve-moderada del miembro superior, se objetivan beneficios significativos en escalas pertenecientes al dominio CIF de actividad. En el primer caso también hay cambios positivos significativos en las de participación, y en el segundo, en las escalas de función. El estudio controlado de Terapia con Espejo para el miembro superior con afectación sensitivo-motora muy severa resulta en beneficios significativos en la sensibilidad táctil, mientras que la mejoría a nivel motor no alcanza significación estadística.
Stroke is still the main cause of motor disability in the world, and hemiparesis is the most common symptom after stroke. Involvement of the upper limb is going to significantly affect the arm function, the participation in basic daily tasks, and the quality of life of the patients. Improving motor control of the upper limb is an important challenge in neuro-rehabilitacion. Neuro-rehabilitation is based on the fact that motor learning principles can be applied to movement recovery after brain injury, and that training can lead to permanent improvements in motor and sensitivity function. Based on the knowledge of motor control concepts, learning principles and plasticity after stroke, we must establish therapeutic programs that enhance adaptive brain reorganization changes. The main objective of the thesis is to analyze the results of different rehabilitation protocols designed for the recovery of the paretic upper limb in chronic patients. Two studies are included in the main body of the thesis: -Effect of a mixed reality-based intervention on arm, hand and finger function on chronic stroke: it evaluates the effect of using a specific mixed reality environment in a rehabilitation program designed for hemiparetic subjects with mild upper limb paresis. - Mirror therapy in chronic stroke survivors with severely impaired upper limb function: to randomized controlled trial: it studies the effectiveness of a mirror therapy rehabilitation protocol on hemiparetic subject with severe motor and sensitive arm impairment. A third published essay regarding upper limb rehabilitation is included in the Annex: - Efficacy of Armeo®Spring during the chronic phase of stroke. Study in mild to moderate cases of hemiparesis: it evaluates the effectiveness of robotic assistance approach, for patients with a mild to moderate paresis. Moreover, the thesis includes a thorough review of scientific publications regarding the rehabilitation techniques mentioned, using Medline, PubMed, EMBASE and PEDro databases. The mixed-reality system in subjects with a mild upper limb paresis, and the robotic system for patients with mild to moderate arm impairment, reflects statistically significant improvements in assessment scales belonging to the activity ICF domain. In the first case, we observe improvements also in participation scales , and in the second case, in function scales. The controlled mirror therapy protocol addressed to patients with very severe motor and sensitive arm impairment, results in significant benefits in touch sensitivity, while motor improvements don´t reach statistical significance.
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Varoqui, Déborah. "Dynamique posturale de l'hémiplégique : évaluation et rééducation." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON14005/document.

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Chez la personne atteinte d'hémiplégie, la restauration des capacités posturales est considérée comme un des objectifs majeurs du processus de réhabilitation. Aujourd'hui, les grandes caractéristiques de la posture érigée chez le patient hémiplégique sont bien connues. Cependant, un certain nombre d'interrogations, relatives à la nature des mécanismes déficitaires et au type de rééducation à développer, subsiste. Au cours de ce travail doctoral, nous avons utilisé les concepts et les outils de l'approche dynamique des systèmes sensori-moteurs pour étudier les déficits posturaux de cette population. Dans ce cadre, ces déficits sont assimilés aux anomalies spatio-temporelles observables dans les coordinations hanche/cheville. Dans un premier temps, nous avons cherché à quantifier la nature des modifications de la dynamique posturale consécutives à une lésion cérébrale. Nous avons étudié, d'une part, la dynamique spontanée lors d'une tâche de poursuite de cible, et d'autre part, la dynamique intentionnelle en présence d'une information comportementale spécifiant la coordination à produire. A travers ces deux expérimentations, une disparition de l'attracteur en phase et une diminution de la stabilité de l'attracteur en anti-phase ont pu être mises en évidence. Dans un second temps, sur la base de ces résultats, nous avons proposé un (ré)apprentissage des deux modes de coordination préférentiels à l'aide d'un dispositif de biofeedback. L'objectif était de déterminer si la restauration d'une dynamique posturale dite "normale" était possible en dépit de la pathologie. Les résultats montrent un (ré)apprentissage du patron en phase suite au protocole; (ré)apprentissage qui s'accompagne d'une amélioration du niveau d'indépendance fonctionnelle des patients. Dans leur ensemble, ces résultats contribuent à une plus grande compréhension des déficits posturaux du patient hémiplégique et proposent des pistes de réflexion intéressantes pour la mise en place de futurs protocoles de rééducation
The improvement of postural capacities is regarded as one of the major goals of rehabilitation of hemiplegic patients. Today, the main characteristics of the upright posture are well-known. However, many questions concerning the nature of affected mechanics and possible physical therapies remain open. In this work, we studied postural deficits in a hemiplegic population following the concepts and tools of the dynamical approach of sensori-motor systems. Deficits were considered as spatio-temporal anomalies of the organization of the postural system and analyzed through ankle/hip coordination patterns. First, we investigated modifications of postural dynamics following stroke in two different experiments. We observed both spontaneous dynamics during a tracking task and intentional dynamics using behavioral information specifing the to be produced coordination pattern. Results of both studies showed disappearance of the in-phase pattern and less stable performance in the anti-phase pattern. Second, based on gained knowledge, we proposed a (re)learning task of the two preferred postural patterns using a biofeedback design. The aim was to assess the success of this protocol for the recovery of "normal" dynamics and to explore the effect of this (re)learning on postural and functional abilities. Results suggested that the recovery of the in-phase pattern is possible and seemed to improve independence of patients. Summarized, this work proposes a new way to investigate postural deficits in post-stroke population and provided a base for the development of new therapies
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Magdalon, Eliane Cristina. "Facilitação neuromuscular proprioceptiva : tratamento isolado em comparação com a associação da estimulação eletrica neuromuscular em membro superior de pacientes hemipareticos pos-AVC." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/261711.

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Orientador: Antonio Augusto Fasolo Quevedo
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação
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Resumo: Objetivo: verificar o efeito da adição da Estimulação Elétrica Neuromuscular (NMES) ao treinamento do padrão de Facilitação Neuromuscular Proprioceptiva (FNP) em membro superior de pacientes hemiparéticos pós-AVC. Metodologia: foram selecionados 10 pacientes, divididos igualmente em dois grupos. Ambos receberam o treinamento com os padrões de FNP, entretanto o grupo 2 recebeu a adição da NMES. As avaliações dos membros superiores foram realizadas pré-tratamento (iniciais), pós-tratamento (finais) e após 7 a 8 semanas do término das sessões de tratamento (tardias). Para a avaliação utilizou-se a Escala de Fugl-Meyer, o índice de Barthel Modificado (IBM) e Escala de Ashworth. Resultados: Análises não-paramétricas revelaram aumentos estatisticamente significativos na pontuação motora total do MS em todos os estágios da avaliação de Fugl-Meyer para o grupo 1. O grupo 2 somente mostrou aumento estatisticamente significativo para o estágio I x F (p-valor=O,O30), sendo para os demais estágios o p-valor>O,O5. Na escala de Ashworth encontrou-se diferença significativa somente entre a comparação dedo I dedo F do grupo 1 (p-valor=O,O30). No grupo 1, encontraram-se diferenças significativas (pvalor=O,O30) na goniometria ativa e passiva da flexão de ombro e de cotovelo I x F e I x T, e também houve diferença significativa na flexão de punho passiva F x T e extensão de punho passiva I x T. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa no IBM para ambos os grupos. Conclusões: analisando-se isoladamente cada grupo, o protocolo utilizado para o grupo de FNP foi suficiente para aumentar a pontuação motora do MS na Escala de Fugl-Meyer, apresentando retenção do tratamento. Entretanto a adição da NMES não foi suficiente para garantir a retenção do tratamento e alterar o IBM e Escala de Ashworth
Abstract: Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Neuromuscular Electrical stimulation (NMES) added to Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) patterns in upper limbs of hemiparetic patients after stroke. Methods: Ten hemiparetic subjects were divided into two groups, both receiving PNF patterns. Group 2 received, in addition, NMES. Upper limb was evaluated pre-treatment (initial - I), post-treatment (final - F) and after 7 or 8 weeks after the end of the sessions (Iate - L). Motor function was assessed with the upper extremity motor subscore of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), the Modified Barthel lndex (MBI), and Ashworth Scale for muscular tonus. Results: Non-parametric analyses revealed statistically significant gains in Fugl-Meyer Scores between I x F, I x L and F x L (p=O,O30) in group 1. Group 2 only showed statistically significant gains for I x F, for the other combinations p>O,O5. Ashworth Score presented significant differences only for fingers I x F in group 1 (p=O,OO3). For group 1, there were significant differences (p=O,OO3) in active and passive goniometry for shoulder flexion I x F and I x L, elbow flexion I x F and Initial x L, and there were also significant differences in passive wrist flexion F x L and passive wrist extension I x L. There were not statistically significant differences in MBI for both groups. Conclusion: The methodology was able to increase the motor score of upper extremity by Fugl-Meyer Score and increasing amplitude of the passive and active movement. Meanwhile, the addition of FES was not enough to change with statistical significance the data of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment, MBI and Ashworth Scale
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Engenharia Biomedica
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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Books on the topic "Hemiplegia Rehabilitation"

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Adult hemiplegia: Evaluation and treatment. 3rd ed. Oxford [England]: Heinemann Medical Books, 1990.

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Adult hemiplegia: Evaluation and treatment. 3rd ed. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1990.

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Adult hemiplegia: Evaluation and treatment. 2nd ed. London: W. Heinemann Medical Books, 1987.

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Steps to follow: The comprehensive treatment of patients with hemiplegia. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer, 2000.

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Occupational therapy in the treatment of adult hemiplegia. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd., 1994.

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Jay, P. E. Help yourselves: A handbook for hemiplegics and their families. 4th ed. [S.l.]: Ian Henry Pub., 1985.

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Steps to follow: A guide to the treatment of adult hemiplegia : based on the concept of K. and B. Bobath. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1985.

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M, LaVigne Jeanne, and Brunnstrom Signe, eds. Brunnstrom's movement therapy in hemiplegia: A neurophysiological approach. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1992.

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Davies, PatriciaM. Right in the middle: Selective trunk activity in the treatment of adult hemiplegia. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1990.

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Positioning adult hemiplegics to help prevent spasticity. Des Moines, Iowa: Briggs Corp., 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Hemiplegia Rehabilitation"

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Zhao, Wenru. "Rehabilitation Therapy of Neurological Training of Hemiplegia." In Rehabilitation Therapeutics of the Neurological Training, 301–26. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0812-3_10.

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van der Blom, L. A. Vroon, and T. M. Silveira. "Presentation of the Shoulder and Hand Due to Hemiplegia." In The Challenges of Nursing Stroke Management in Rehabilitation Centres, 103–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76391-0_11.

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Došen, Strahinja, and Dejan B. Popović. "Customized Modeling and Simulations for the Control of FES-Assisted Walking of Individuals with Hemiplegia." In Introduction to Neural Engineering for Motor Rehabilitation, 401–20. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118628522.ch20.

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Moon, Ho-Sang, Eung-Hyuk Lee, Sung-Wook Shin, and Sung-Taek Chung. "Experimental Verification of Contents Usability for Upper Limbs Rehabilitation in Patients with Hemiplegia." In HCI International 2018 – Posters' Extended Abstracts, 68–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92279-9_9.

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Tipantocta, Fabricio, Marcelo Zambrano Vizuete, Ricardo Rosero, Wladimir Paredes, and Eduardo Velasco. "Rehabilitation of Patients with Hemiplegia Using Deep Learning Techniques to Control a Video Game." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 400–410. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42520-3_32.

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He, Bo, Min Li, and Guoying He. "Hand Rehabilitation Modes Combining Exoskeleton-Assisted Training with Tactile Feedback for Hemiplegia Patients: A Preliminary Study." In Intelligent Robotics and Applications, 661–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13835-5_60.

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Davies, Patricia M. "Abnormale Bewegungsmuster der Hemiplegie." In Rehabilitation und Prävention, 27–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-00634-4_3.

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Davies, Patricia M. "Abnormale Bewegungsmuster bei Hemiplegie." In Rehabilitation und Prävention, 71–103. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56274-7_3.

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Davies, Patricia M. "Schulterprobleme in Zusammenhang mit Hemiplegie." In Rehabilitation und Prävention, 393–455. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56274-7_12.

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Berting-Hüneke, Christa. "Worauf es ankommt: Probleme durch Hemiplegie." In Rehabilitation und Prävention, 13–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57124-4_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Hemiplegia Rehabilitation"

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Huber, Meghan, Bryan Rabin, Ciprian Docan, Grigore Burdea, Michelle E. Nwosu, Moustafa Abdelbaky, and Meredith R. Golomb. "PlayStation 3-based tele-rehabilitation for children with hemiplegia." In 2008 Virtual Rehabilitation. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icvr.2008.4625145.

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Lv, Zhihan, and Haibo Li. "Imagining in-air interaction for hemiplegia sufferer." In 2015 International Conference on Virtual Rehabilitation (ICVR). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icvr.2015.7358623.

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Triponyuwasin, Preechapawan, and Yodchanan Wongsawat. "Brain-computer interface based stroke rehabilitation for hemiplegia." In 2014 7th Biomedical Engineering International Conference (BMEiCON). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bmeicon.2014.7017402.

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Michelle Gian, Kah Shin, Yi Lung Then, Fei Siang Tay, Jubaer Ahmed, and Chamath Kalanaka Vithanawasam. "A Game-Based Approach for Hemiplegia Lower Limb Rehabilitation." In 2018 2nd International Conference on BioSignal Analysis, Processing and Systems (ICBAPS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbaps.2018.8527417.

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Li, Shuai, Jian Li, Siqi Li, Guodong Li, and Yu Mu. "Design of modular humanoid rehabilitation robot for apoplectic hemiplegia." In 2017 29th Chinese Control And Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2017.7978548.

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Fluet, Gerard G., Qinyin Qiu, Soha Saleh, Diego Ramirez, Sergei Adamovich, Donna Kelly, and Heta Parikh. "Robot-assisted virtual rehabilitation (NJIT-RAVR) system for children with upper extremity hemiplegia." In 2009 Virtual Rehabilitation International Conference. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icvr.2009.5174230.

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Qinyin Qiu, Diego A. Ramirez, Soha Saleh, and Sergei Adamovich. "NJIT-RAVR system for upper extremity rehabilitation in children with hemiplegia." In 2009 IEEE 35th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nebc.2009.4967703.

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Ogata, Kunihiro, Yuto Hirabayashi, Keisuke Kubota, and Toshiaki Tsuji. "Home rehabilitation assist robot to facilitate isolated movements for hemiplegia patients." In 2017 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iros.2017.8202203.

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Li, Pengbo, Wenhao Wei, Ruoyu Bao, Bailin He, Zhilong Su, Can Wang, and Xinyu Wu. "A Modular Rehabilitation Lower Limb Exoskeleton for Stroke Patients With Hemiplegia." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Real-time Computing and Robotics (RCAR). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rcar52367.2021.9517612.

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Yamamoto, Kazuki, Yuta Furudate, Kaori Chiba, Yuji Ishida, and Sadayoshi Mikami. "Home robotic device for rehabilitation of finger movement of hemiplegia patients." In 2017 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration (SII). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sii.2017.8279229.

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Reports on the topic "Hemiplegia Rehabilitation"

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Liu, Chang, Tingting Pang, Junjie Yao, Jiahui Li, Li Dong, and Yufeng Wang. Acupuncture and massage combined with rehabilitation therapy for hemiplegia after stroke : A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.1.0026.

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Wang, Jinqiu, Chunlong Ran, Yinglin Zhao, Ping Pan, and Yingrui Wang. Rehabilitation training combined acupuncture for limb hemiplegia caused by cerebral infarction：a protocol for a systematic review of randomized controlled trial. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.7.0114.

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