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Published: 6 September 2023

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1

MAHONY, STEPHEN. "Taxonomic revision of Hemidactylus brookii Gray: a re-examination of the type series and some Asian synonyms, and a discussion of the obscure species Hemidactylus subtriedrus Jerdon (Reptilia: Gekkonidae)." Zootaxa 3042, no. 1 (September 27, 2011): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3042.1.4.

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The Hemidactylus brookii group taxon has received increased attention in recent years from systematists and taxonomists attempting to unravel the complicated issues of its synonyms. In this study, a morphological approach is adopted to reexamine the syntypes of Hemidactylus brookii and Hemidactylus subtriedroides. The syntype series of H. brookii is found to be composed of two morphologically distinct species. A Borneo syntype is designated as lectotype and redescribed in detail to provide taxonomic and nomenclatural stability for the species. A syntype of H. subtriedroides is designated lectotype and also redescribed in detail, along with additional populations, which includes the Australian paralectotype of H. brookii sensu lato. Hemidactylus subtriedroides is morphologically distinct from H. brookii sensu stricto, but indistinguishable from the recently elevated synonym Hemidactylus tenkatei with which it is here considered a junior subjective synonym. Neotypes are designated for the two Pakistan synonyms, Hemidactylus kushmorensis and Hemidactylus glead-
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2

AGARWAL, ISHAN, AARON M. BAUER, VARAD B. GIRI, and AKSHAY KHANDEKAR. "An expanded ND2 phylogeny of the brookii and prashadi groups with the description of three new Indian Hemidactylus Oken (Squamata: Gekkonidae)." Zootaxa 4619, no. 3 (June 20, 2019): 431–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4619.3.2.

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We present an expanded ND2 phylogeny of the brookii and prashadi groups of Indian Hemidactylus. While relationships within the clades are not well resolved, we recover many well supported subclades and a number of deeply divergent lineages within each clade. We use morphological data to describe three of these divergent lineages as new species; Hemidactylus kolliensis sp. nov., a member of the prashadi group from high elevation in the Kollimalai Massif in Tamil Nadu, Hemidactylus chikhaldaraensis sp. nov. and Hemidactylus sankariensis sp. nov., both members of the brookii group, are described from high elevation of the Satpuras in Maharashtra and low elevation of Tamil Nadu, respectively. The three new species exhibit >15% divergence for the ND2 gene from their phylogenetic sisters and differ in a number of morphological characters from all Indian congeners. The discovery of three more endemic Hemidactylus species from rocky habitats suggests that many more remain to be discovered across India.
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3

Khandekar, Akshay, Tejas Thackeray, Rameshwaran Mariappan, Satpal Gangalmale, Vivek Waghe, Swapnil Pawar, and Ishan Agarwal. "A remarkable new species of gecko (Squamata: Gekkonidae: Hemidactylus) from scrublands at the southern tip of India." Vertebrate Zoology 73 (May 11, 2023): 433–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.73.e101871.

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We describe a new species of Hemidactylus based on an integrative taxonomic framework from scrub habitats at the southern tip of India, in Thoothukudi District, Tamil Nadu. The new species has the most densely packed tubercles among Indian Hemidactylus, almost resembling the most tuberculate Indian Cyrtopodion. Hemidactylus quartziticolussp. nov. is phylogenetically placed within the brookii group of Indian Hemidactylus, where it is sister to the H. gleadowi complex from western-central India. The new species is 14.5–23.7% divergent in ND2 mitochondrial sequence data from other brookii group members, and can be easily diagnosed from regional congeners by its unique dorsal scalation, the number and arrangement of precloacal-femoral pores, the number of dorsal tubercle rows at midbody, number of lamellae under digit I and IV of manus and pes. The new species is currently known only from two isolated, low quartzite hillocks 45 km apart with scrubby, thorn forests and loose, stony soil.
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4

Pun, Shyam K., and Mahendra Maharjan. "Identification and Characterization of Parasite Neopharyngodon Sp. From Wall Lizard (Gecko) Of Nepal." Journal of Institute of Science and Technology 21, no. 1 (November 24, 2016): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jist.v21i1.16049.

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A total of 25 wall lizards (15 Hemidactylus brookii brookii and 10 H. platyurus) were examined for nematode parasite Neopharyngodon sp. from Kirtipur, Nepal. Neopharyngodon sp. were taxonomically identified and showed characteristics like small size (1.375-1.5mm x 0.225-0.25mm), mouth with two lips, oesophagus (0.35mm x 0.03mm), oesophagus bulb (0.092mm) and pointed tail with size one-third of the whole body length. Twenty percent of H. brookii brookii harbored the nematode parasite with average parasitic intensity of 4.3 while 80% of H. platyrus showed Neopharyngodon sp with parasitic intensity of 4.Journal of Institute of Science and TechnologyVol. 21, No. 1, 2016, Page: 52-55
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5

LAJMI, APARNA, VARAD B. GIRI, TANERAW SINGH, and ISHAN AGARWAL. "Two new species of yellow-tailed Hemidactylus Goldfuss, 1820 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from rocky outcrops on the Telangana Plateau, India." Zootaxa 4895, no. 4 (December 17, 2020): 483–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4895.4.2.

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Two distinct species of the gekkonid genus Hemidactylus are described from the dry zone of peninsular India from the state of Telangana. The two sister species, Hemidactylus flavicaudus sp. nov. and H. xericolus sp. nov., are nested within the morphologically cryptic H. brookii group, but are clearly distinguishable from all known species in having a bright yellow tail and yellow markings on the head, besides unique combinations of meristic characters and small body size (< 45 mm snout to vent length). The two new species are also deeply divergent from each other and other members of the H. brookii group in mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase 2 and cytochrome b sequences. Hemidactylus flavicaudus sp. nov. can be diagnosed from H. xericolus sp. nov. based on the number of dorsal tubercle rows at midbody (11–14 versus 6–8). These descriptions of evolutionarily and morphologically distinct species highlight the dearth of studies carried out in the dry zone of peninsular India and the urgent need to assess biodiversity in the face of rapid land-use changes in this landscape.
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6

CHAITANYA, R., ISHAN AGARWAL, APARNA LAJMI, and AKSHAY KHANDEKAR. "A novel member of the Hemidactylus brookii complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the Western Ghats of Maharashtra, India." Zootaxa 4646, no. 2 (July 24, 2019): 236–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4646.2.2.

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A new rupicolous gecko from the Hemidactylus brookii complex is described from the forests and plateaus of Amboli, in the Western Ghats of Maharashtra. This medium sized (average adult SVL 56.2±5.0 to at least 62 mm), nocturnal species is superficially similar to other congeners from the ‘H. brookii’ clade, but can be distinguished from them in having 17 or 18 fairly regular longitudinal rows of enlarged, conical, keeled tubercles at midbody, extending from posterior part of the head to groin; tubercles in parasagittal rows smaller, feebly keeled and more rounded; approximately six rows of tubercles on either side of parasagittal tubercle rows, highly enlarged, remarkably conical and strongly keeled; lamellae divided in a straight transverse series—seven or eight lamellae beneath fourth digit (manus and pes) and five or six beneath first digit (manus and pes). Males with nine or ten (rarely eight) femoral pores separated by four or five poreless scales; supralabials 11–13; infralabials 8–11. Molecular data based on the mitochondrial ND2 gene supports the distinctiveness of this species and helps ascertain its phylogenetic position within the ‘H. brookii’ group of the Indian Hemidactylus radiation.
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7

AGARWAL, ISHAN, TEJAS THACKERAY, and AKSHAY KHANDEKAR. "Geckos in the granite: two new geckos (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from rocky, scrub habitats in Rishi Valley, Andhra Pradesh, India." Zootaxa 4838, no. 4 (August 28, 2020): 451–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4838.4.1.

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Two new species of geckos from the genera Cnemaspis and Hemidactylus are described from a granite outcrop in the Rishi Valley, Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Cnemaspis rishivalleyensis sp. nov. and Hemidactylus rishivalleyensis sp. nov. are presently known only from their type locality and are 8.7 % and 10.9 % divergent from their closest known sister species, respectively. The new species are allied to the mysoriensis and murrayi clades of South Asian Cnemaspis and the brookii group of Indian Hemidactylus, respectively. The two new species can be diagnosed from regional congeners by the number and arrangement of femoral and precloacal pores and poreless scales separating these series, body size, the number of tubercles in paravertebral rows, the number of enlarged tubercles around mid-body, the number of ventral scales across mid-body, the number of lamellae beneath digit IV of pes and manus, and subtle differences in colour pattern. Four endemic geckos now have their type localities within 10 km of each other, Cnemaspis graniticola and Cyrtodactylus rishivalleyensis from Horsley Hills and the two new species from Rishi valley. The two new species are also the third endemic species each of Cnemaspis and Hemidactylus from Andhra Pradesh.
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8

Zug, George R., and Joseph C. Mitchell. "Ecological observations on the gecko." Amphibia-Reptilia 9, no. 4 (1988): 405–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853888x00071.

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AbstractHemidactylus brookii was the most common gecko in the Terai of central Nepal, occurring both in the forest and on buildings. In the Royal Chitwan National Park, samples of adult males (46.4 ± 0.04 mm SVL) were not significantly different from adult females (45.3 + 0.04 mm SVL) in body size and head measurements, except head width (males 9.1 ± 0.2 mm, females 8.7 ± 0.1 mm). All measures of head size were significantly different between sexes when the effect of body size was removed. Males were sexually mature at 42 mm SVL and females at 43 mm SVL. The reproductive pattern of both species is vernal; activities are concentrated in spring (premonsoon). Growth averaged 0.8 mm/month between premonsoon and postmonsoon sampling periods. Adult survivorship was estimated at 14.3% for this six month period. Population size was estimated at 105 lizards on six small buildings in a < 1 ha area. Peak activity period was 1900-2300 h. Hemidactylus brookii in Nepal appears to possess life history characteristics associated with annual population turnover.
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9

Eibach, D., M. Nagel, S. Lorenzen, B. Hogan, C. Belmar Campos, M. Aepfelbacher, N. Sarpong, and J. May. "Extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing Enterobacteriaceae among geckos (Hemidactylus brookii) in a Ghanaian hospital." Clinical Microbiology and Infection 25, no. 8 (August 2019): 1048–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2019.04.007.

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10

Lajmi, Aparna, Varad B. Giri, and K. Praveen Karanth. "Molecular data in conjunction with morphology help resolve the Hemidactylus brookii complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae)." Organisms Diversity & Evolution 16, no. 3 (March 7, 2016): 659–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13127-016-0271-9.

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11

Gramentz, Dieter. "ON DISTRESS CALLS OF MALE Hemidactylus brookii parvimaculatus DERANIYAGALA, 1953 (REPTILIA: GEKKONIDAE) FROM SRI LANKA." Taprobanica 1, no. 1 (April 6, 2009): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47605/tapro.v1i1.4.

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12

Chulisov, Anatoly S., E. L. Konstantinov, N. B. Ananjeva, and N. V. Kulabukhov. "Distribution and Potential Introduction of the Flat-Tailed House Gecko, <i>Hemidactylus platyurus</i> (Schneider, 1792) (Reptilia: Sauria: Gekkonidae)." Russian Journal of Herpetology 29, no. 3 (June 28, 2022): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2022-29-3-149-155.

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The work analyzes the recent range of Hemidactylus platyurus, which covers most of the Oriental biogeographic region and the zone of introduction during the late 20th century in Florida, USA. A GIS model for this widespread species, which was constructed using the Maxent method based on bioclimatic variables and altitude data, is proposed. The model is in good agreement with the previously known range. The most valuable parameters in this model are four bioclimatic factors (temperature seasonality (39.3%), precipitation in the warmest quarter of the year (31.1%), average daily temperature difference (18.8%) and seasonality of precipitation (8.1%)), which made the largest contribution (97.3%). The analysis of the overlap of ecological niches and recent ranges confirms the sympatric relationship of H. platyurus with H. frenatus, H. garnotii, and H. brookii. This forecast allows us to assess the potential territories for the expansion of H. platyurus to other continents.
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13

Gramentz, Dieter. "On distress cales of male Hemidactylus brookii parvimaculatus Deraniyagala, 1953 (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) from Sri Lanka." TAPROBANICA: The Journal of Asian Biodiversity 1, no. 1 (January 27, 2011): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/tapro.v1i1.2773.

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14

Riley, J., R. Powell, and D. D. Smith. "Further observations of blunt-hooked pentastomids belonging to the genus Raillietiella Sambon, 1910 infecting Hemidactylus brookii (Sauria: Gekkonidae) in Africa and the Caribbean: comparison with closely related Raillietiella spp. from an African skink (Mabuya perrotetii)." Systematic Parasitology 20, no. 1 (September 1991): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00009710.

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15

Goswami, U., A. Chaudhary, C. Verma, and H. S. Singh. "Molecular and ultrastructure characterization of two nematodes (Thelandros scleratus and Physalopteroides dactyluris) based on ribosomal and mitochondrial DNA sequences." Helminthologia 53, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/helmin-2016-0013.

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SummaryThe phylogenetic relationships of the nematode species Thelandros scleratus (Oxyurida: Pharyn-godonidae) and Physalopteroides dactyluris (Spirurida: Physalopteridae) were analyzed using the ribosomal 18S rRNAand the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit genes. The nematodes were recovered from Brook's house gecko, Hemidactylus brooki (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) from Hast-inapur, Meerut (U.P.), India. The results demonstrated that T. scleratus shows 100% similarity with another sequence available from the same species and a close relationship (98-99%) with species of Parapharyngodon in both 18S rRNAand cox 1 regions. Regarding the nematode Physalopteroides. analysis showed a close phylogenetic relationship between P. dactyluris and several species of Phy-saloptera. This is the first sequence of 18S available for any species of the genus Physalopteroides
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16

KATHRINER, ANDREW, MARK O’SHEA, and HINRICH KAISER. "Re-examination of Hemidactylus tenkatei van Lidth de Jeude, 1895: Populations from Timor provide insight into the taxonomy of the H. brookii Gray, 1845 complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae)." Zootaxa 3887, no. 5 (November 27, 2014): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3887.5.5.

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17

Narayana, B. L., G. Surender, and V. V. Rao. "Hemidactylus treutleri from Eastern Ghats, Andhra Pradesh, India." TAPROBANICA 6, no. 1 (June 29, 2014): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.47605/tapro.v6i1.130.

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The genus Hemidactylus is represented by 25 species in India. Hemidactylus treutleri Mahony, 2009 was described from the Golconda Fort, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh. Since Mahony in 2009 only one new locality has been reported, at Rishi Valley, Tirupathi foothills, Andhra Pradesh. On 11 December 2012 at 13:43 h we found an individual of Hemidactylus treutleri on a rocky surface at Peddagattu village (16°36'23.86"N, 79°14'14.19"E), Nalgonda District, Andhra Pradesh. This was during the project of “Base line studies on flora and fauna of the Lambapur, proposed for uranium mining” which was funded by Board of Research and Nuclear Sciences (BRNS). The individual was identified using the diagnosed characters stated in Mahony (2009). The location lies in a biodiversity rich zone of the Eastern Ghats and the habitats mostly consist of dry deciduous forest composed largely of herbs together with a few shrubs and rarely trees and thorn forests. The other sympatric Hemidactylus gecko species recorded include H. frenatus, H. brooki, and Hemidactylus leschenaultii. The present record is 130 km away from the type locality of Mahony (2009) and 336 km away from the second record of Sreekar (2010).
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18

BATUWITA, SUDESH, and ROHAN PETHIYAGODA. "Rediscovery of the Sri Lankan ‘house gecko’ Hemidactylus pieresii Kelaart (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) with a redescription of Hemidactylus depressus Gray." Zootaxa 3359, no. 1 (June 28, 2012): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3359.1.2.

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Hemidactylus pieresii Kelaart, a species first described from Kandy, Sri Lanka, in 1852 but not recorded since, is redescribedfrom two recently-discovered populations, one at the type locality and another in the rainforests of the island’s south-westernlowlands. It is shown to be similar to H. depressus (in the synonymy of which it has been since 1935), from which it is distin-guished by the possession of 53–58 (vs. 35–41) paravertebral tubercles, 17–19 (vs. 13–16) longitudinal rows of middorsaltubercles, possessing relatively small (vs. large) and closely (vs. widely) spaced middorsal tubercles, 1–3 (vs. no) postcloacalspurs, chocolate-brown (vs. light brown) coloration in life, and nape with distinct black longitudinal stripes (vs. without blackstripes). Hemidactylus pieresii, a member of the H. brooki group, is distinguished from all species of Hemidactylus in Sri Lankaand peninsular India by the combination of the following additional characters: maximum snout-vent length 79.2 mm; ventralscales across midbody, 32–39; dorsal scales heterogeneous; ventral scales smooth, with 3 serrae; precloacal-femoral pores17–20 on each side, separated mesially by 1–3 poreless scales; subcaudals smooth, the median row enlarged; supralabials toangle of jaws, 11 or 12; subdigital lamellae on digit IV of pes, 10 or 11; general body colour chocolate-brown; nape with dis-tinct black longitudinal stripes. The identity of H. pieresii is stabilized through the designation of a neotype. Unlike most otherspecies of Hemidactylus, H. pieresii appears to be restricted to rainforests. Hemidactylus depressus is also redecribed from freshly collected material from Sri Lanka and its syntype BMNH RR1962.190 (65.6 mm SVL) is designated lectotype.
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19

Shanbhag, Bhagyashri A., Vidya S. Karegouder, and Srinivas K. Saidapur. "The Pattern of Testicular Activity in the Gecko Hemidactylus brooki from India." Journal of Herpetology 34, no. 4 (December 2000): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1565278.

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20

Verma, Chandni, Anshu Chaudhary, Bindu Sharma, and Hridaya Shanker Singh. "First Report of Molecular Characterization of Oochoristica hemidactyli Johri, 1955 (Cestoda, Linstowiidae) from the Common Wall Lizard, Hemidactylus brooki Gray, 1845 (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) Along with Morphological Redescription." Acta Parasitologica 65, no. 1 (September 30, 2019): 250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11686-019-00129-6.

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Shanbhag, Bhagyashri A., L. Subraya, and Srinivas K. Saidapur. "Pattern of Recruitment, Growth of Developing Follicles, and Germinal Bed Activity in the Tropical Gecko, Hemidactylus brooki." Journal of Herpetology 32, no. 4 (December 1998): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1565211.

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22

Ahmed, S. "Observation on the Bifid Tail in a Specimen of <i>Hemidactylus brooki</i> Gray." Records of the Zoological Survey of India 88, no. 3-4 (December 1, 1991): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v88/i3-4/1991/161030.

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23

Amadi, Nioking, Golden Chizi Gladstone, Chimela Wala, Leonardo Vignoli, Adaobi Ugbomeh, and Luca Luiselli. "Habitat use and food habitats of a gecko population in a west African suburban area." European Journal of Ecology 6, no. 1 (March 16, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/eurojecol.v6i1.13316.

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1.The spatial and trophic ecology of Afrotropical gecko populations are poorly known. Here, we report ecological observations on Brook’s House Gecko (Hemidactylus angulatus), a widespread gekkonid species, in the Rivers State University of Science and Technology campus, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.2. A total of 488 gecko individuals were recorded during the present study, in two surveyed habitat types: (i) plantationm trees (PTH) and (ii) buildings (BDH). In PTH, they were observed in 13 out of 15 species of trees present in the study area, with their (log) frequency of sightings being positively correlated to the (log) frequency of surveyed trees per species.3. The geckos used substantially the non-native ornamental trees of the PTH habitat. Pinus ponderosa and Elaeis guineensis were significantly preferred by geckos over all the other tree species.4. Geckos also used frequently the buildings (BDH habitat) at the university campus. There was no correlationbetween (log) area of each building and (log) number of observed lizards.5. We collected faeces from 51 gecko individuals in dry season and 66 in wet season. There were no significantdietary differences between seasons, with Diptera and adult Lepidoptera dominating in the diet.6. Dietary habits of geckos differed significantly between habitat types, with Araneae and Lepidoptera (larvae)being eaten much more frequently in BDH, and in Coleoptera and Isopoda that were eaten much more frequently in PTH The diversity dietary metrics (Shannon and Dominance indices) were very similar either between seasons or between habitats.7. Our independent set of analyses (diet diversity metrics; contingency tables on taxonomic dietary compositionand rank-abundance diagrams) showed that lizards exhibited a same feeding strategy in both wet and dry seasons as well as in the two habitat types, although the diet composition differed significantly between habitats.8. A “mixed” foraging strategy was apparently used by Hemidactylus angulatus at the study area, as also observed in other gekkonid species from elsewhere.
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Pun, Shyam K., Charles R. Bursey, and Mahendra Maharjan. "Pharyngodon frenatusiin Brooks’ House Gecko,Hemidactylus brookiiGray, 1845, and Flat-tailed House GeckoHemidactylus platyurus(Schneider, 1797) from Kirtipur, Nepal." Comparative Parasitology 85, no. 1 (January 2018): 107–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1654/1525-2647-85.1.107.

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25

Mutafchiev, Y., and V. Vergilov. "Redescription of Thubunaea schukurovi Annaev, 1973 from Ablepharus chernovi, with notes on the members of Thubunaea (Spirurida: Physalopteridae) from the Palaearctic and Indomalayan realms." Journal of Helminthology 97 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x23000172.

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Abstract The spirurid nematode Thubunaea schukurovi Annaev, 1973 (Physalopteridae) is redescribed by means of light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy from Ablepharus chernovi collected in Çamlıyayla, Turkey. This is the first record of the species from this host and the first record of the genus Thubunaea from Turkey. The taxonomic status of the species of the genus Thubunaea from the Palaeacrtic and Indomalayan realms is reviewed based on their original morphological descriptions; as a result, Thubunaea dessetae Barus & Tenora, 1976, a parasite of Saara hardwickii (Gray) (Agamidae) in Afghanistan, is transferred to the genus Pseudabbreviata as Pseudabbreviata dessetae (Barus & Tenora, 1976) n. comb. Several species described in India, that is, Thubunaea singhi Deshmukh, 1969 and Thubunaea brooki Deshmukh, 1969, both from Hemidactylus brookii Gray (Gekkonidae), and Thubunaea aurangabadensis Deshmukh, 1969 and Thubunaea syedi Deshmukh, 1969, both from Hemidactylus giganteus Stoliczka, are considered members of the genus Physalopteroides; therefore, the following new combinations are proposed: Physalopteroides singhi, Physalopteroides brooki, Physalopteroides aurangabadensis and Physalopteroides syedi. Thubunaea hemidactylae Oshmarin & Demshin, 1972 from Hemidactylus frenatus Duméril & Bibron in Vietnam is considered a member of the genus Physalopteroides as P. hemidactylae (Oshmarin & Demshin, 1972) n. comb.
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Rais, Muhammad, Jamal Ahmed, Aiman Naveed, Arooj Batool, Aqsa Shahzad, Razia Bibi, and Anum Sajjad. "Field surveys along habitat gradients revealed differences in herpetofauna assemblage in Margalla Hills National Park, Islamabad, Pakistan." Biodiversity Data Journal 9 (March 31, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/bdj.9.e61541.

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This study was conducted to see whether herpetofaunal assemblage differed amongst hiking trails, undisturbed forest and urban areas within the Margalla Hills National Park, Islamabad Capital Territory, Pakistan. Circular plot area-constrained searches (45 plots in each habitat, each plot with an area of 25 m2) were used from March 2018 to July 2019. We recorded seven amphibian species, nine lizard species and six snake species. The species richness of amphibians and lizards was the same in the studied strata, while the detection and encounter rate of snakes was lower in the undisturbed forest and urban areas. The encounter rate of amphibians differed significantly between urban areas and hiking trails/undisturbed forest. The encounter rate and population density of lizards differed significantly between undisturbed forest and urban areas. The most frequently encountered amphibian species along the hiking trail and urban areas was Duttaphrynus stomaticus, with Hoplobatrachus tigerinus in undisturbed forest. The most common and frequently encountered lizard species along the hiking trail and urban areas was Hemidactylus brookii, while the Ophisops jerdonii was the most frequently seen in undisturbed forest. The most common and frequently encountered snake species along the hiking trail and undisturbed forest was the Indotyphlops braminus, while Ptyas mucosa was the most common in urban areas. The subsequent bio-assessment, based on herpetofauna, of the Park revealed good to excellent biotic integrity The Park faces threats including livestock grazing, alien invasive vegetation and human disturbance due to settlements, restaurants and tourism-related activities. While several of these threats have been mitigated since the establishment of the Islamabad Wildlife Management Board, the Park still requires improved management, especially regarding regulating tourism.
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