Journal articles on the topic 'Help-receiving beliefs'
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Warner, Lisa M., Benjamin Schüz, Susanne Wurm, Jochen P. Ziegelmann, and Clemens Tesch-Römer. "Giving and Taking —Differential Effects of Providing, Receiving and Anticipating Emotional Support on Quality of Life in Adults with Multiple Illnesses." Journal of Health Psychology 15, no. 5 (July 2010): 660–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105310368186.
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Multimorbidity challenges quality of life (QoL) in old age. Anticipating and providing social support have been shown to promote QoL whereas receiving support often had detrimental effects. Little is known about which psychological processes explain these effects. This study examines the effects of receiving, anticipating and providing emotional support on QoL, with control beliefs and self-esteem as simultaneous mediators in an elderly multimorbid sample ( N = 1415). Anticipating and providing support positively predicted QoL, mediated through self-esteem and control beliefs. Received support negatively predicted QoL, without mediation. Self-esteem and control beliefs can help to explain the relation between QoL and support.
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Chen, Aileen B., Angel Cronin, Jane C. Weeks, Elizabeth A. Chrischilles, Jennifer Malin, James A. Hayman, and Deborah Schrag. "Expectations About the Effectiveness of Radiation Therapy Among Patients With Incurable Lung Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 21 (July 20, 2013): 2730–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.48.5748.
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Purpose Although radiation therapy (RT) can palliate symptoms and may prolong life, it is not curative for patients with metastatic lung cancer. We investigated patient expectations about the goals of RT for incurable lung cancers. Patients and Methods The Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance Consortium enrolled a population- and health system–based cohort of patients diagnosed with lung cancer from 2003 to 2005. We identified patients with stage wet IIIB or IV lung cancer who received RT and answered questions on their expectations about RT. We assessed patient expectations about the goals of RT and identified factors associated with inaccurate beliefs about cure. Results In all, 384 patients completed surveys on their expectations about RT. Seventy-eight percent of patients believed that RT was very or somewhat likely to help them live longer, and 67% believed that RT was very or somewhat likely to help them with problems related to their cancer. However, 64% did not understand that RT was not at all likely to cure them. Older patients and nonwhites were more likely to have inaccurate beliefs, and patients whose surveys were completed by surrogates were less likely to have inaccurate beliefs. Ninety-two percent of patients with inaccurate beliefs about cure from RT also had inaccurate beliefs about chemotherapy. Conclusion Although patients receiving RT for incurable lung cancer believe it will help them, most do not understand that it is not at all likely to cure their disease. This indicates a need to improve communication regarding the goals and limitations of palliative RT.
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Hilbers, Julieanne, Abby S. Haynes, and Jennifer G. Kivikko. "Spirituality and health: an exploratory study of hospital patients' perspectives." Australian Health Review 34, no. 1 (2010): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah09655.
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The relationship between spirituality/religion and health is receiving increasing academic interest, but few studies have explored the experience of Australians. This paper presents data from an exploratory survey of patients and families in a public teaching hospital in Sydney. The findings show that the majority of hospital service users: •believe there are links between spirituality/religion and health; •believe that rituals and customs can help people when they are sick/suffering; •have valued practices associated with their beliefs; •feel it is helpful for health staff to know their patients’ beliefs; •are willing to be asked about their beliefs; or •want hospital staff to respect and support the beliefs and practices of all patients. Spirituality and religion, and the beliefs and practices associated with them, were found to be eclectic, individualised and evolving in response to life events such as loss and health crises. This paper concludes that a person-centred framework of health practice includes attention to the religious/spiritual dimension of patients and their families. What is known about the topic?There is a rapidly developing body of research that demonstrates an increasing awareness of the important links between religion and health, but is limited in Australian application. What does this paper add?This paper provides contextually relevant qualitative and quantitative data on patient perspectives, including how patients wish to be treated by health staff in relation to their beliefs and practices. The Australian perspective also provides a valuable counterpoint to US-dominated research in the global community. What are the implications for practitioners?The research findings indicate that practitioners need to recognise and respond to the role of religious and spiritual beliefs and practices in patients’ health journeys. The discussion suggests some practical ways of doing this which sit comfortably within the patient-centred approach.
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Hassett, Alexander, and Chloe Isbister. "Young Men’s Experiences of Accessing and Receiving Help From Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services Following Self-Harm." SAGE Open 7, no. 4 (October 2017): 215824401774511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244017745112.
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Given the high rates of completed suicide and poor help-seeking among young men, this research explored how young men, who had successfully sought help from a Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS), experienced help-seeking. The study focused on the factors that facilitated initial access and ongoing engagement in services. Eight young men between the ages of 16 to 18, who had entered CAMHS following self-harm or suicidal ideation, and who were engaged in ongoing therapy, were recruited. Each young man was interviewed to elicit his personal experiences of help-seeking and help-receiving. Interviews were transcribed and subjected to Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Four superordinate themes, which overarched participant’s individual experiences, emerged from the data: Role of external adult in recognizing, normalizing, and initiating help-seeking; challenging and renegotiating perception of need for help and meaning behind this need; maintaining an independent self; and mechanisms of engagement. Help-seeking was described as a journey of two stages: (a) initial access and (b) ongoing engagement, during which the presence and timing of external influences (parents, teachers) and internal influences (personal beliefs and attitudes) were crucial. A model of help-seeking in young men who self-harmed was developed, which considered both access and engagement to help, and combined a consideration of internal and external influences on their ability to access help.
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Widyatmiko, Salma Vania, and Endang Retno Surjaningrum. "PREDICTING THE INTENTION OF SEEKING PSYCHOLOGICAL HELP AMONG EMERGING ADULTS WITH DIVORCED PARENTS USING THE THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR." Psychological Thought 15, no. 2 (October 30, 2022): 204–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/psyct.v15i2.652.
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This study aims to examine the factors that influence the intention of emerging adults with divorced parents to seek psychological help using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) terminology. A total of 118 participants aged 18-25 years old took part in the study. Participants completed self-report questionnaires using the Mental Health Intention Scale, Self-Stigma of Seeking Help Scale, Attitude Towards Seeking Professional Help Scale, and Stigma Scale for Receiving Psychological Help. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that the intention to seek psychological help was significantly associated with the TPB predictors. The attitude toward help-seeking was found to be the most influential predictor of an emerging adult's intention to find out psychological help. Based on the findings of this study, the interventions related to the psychological help-seeking intention should consider individual attitudes, norms, and beliefs.
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Kricorian, Katherine, and Karin Turner. "COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Beliefs among Black and Hispanic Americans." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 24, 2021): e0256122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256122.
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The introduction of COVID-19 vaccines is a major public health breakthrough. However, members of US Black and Hispanic communities, already disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 virus, may be less willing to receive the vaccine. We conducted a broad, representative survey of US adults (N = 1,950) in order to better understand vaccine beliefs and explore opportunities to increase vaccine acceptance among these groups. The survey results suggested that Black and Hispanic individuals were less willing than Whites to receive the vaccine. US Blacks and Hispanics also planned to delay receiving the COVID-19 vaccine for a longer time period than Whites, potentially further increasing the risk of contracting COVID-19 within populations that are already experiencing high disease prevalence. Black respondents were less likely to want the COVID-19 vaccine at all compared with Whites and Hispanics, and mistrust of the vaccine among Black respondents was significantly higher than other racial/ethnic groups. Encouragingly, many Black and Hispanic respondents reported that COVID-19 vaccine endorsements from same-race medical professionals would increase their willingness to receive it. These respondents said they would also be motivated by receiving more information on the experiences of vaccine study participants who are of their own race and ethnicity. The results have implications for improved messaging of culturally-tailored communications to help reduce COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among communities disproportionately impacted by the pandemic.
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Täuber, Susanne, and Esther van Leeuwen. "The Impact of Intergroup Helping on Third Parties’ Perceptions of Group Reputation." Social Psychology 48, no. 5 (September 2017): 279–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000320.
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Abstract. We investigated the consequences of intergroup helping for both the offering and the receiving group’s reputation in the eyes of third parties. In two experiments (N = 116 and N = 78), observers were presented with a group that offered versus requested help. Observers’ status beliefs confirmed the emergence of a status hierarchy that favored the group that offered help. Study 2 demonstrated that the newly emerged status differential quickly solidified. In particular, observers judged the help-offering group as more attractive and allocated more resources to this group. Consistent with the social structural hypothesis on stereotype content, attributions of competence were more relevant for groups’ reputation than attributions of warmth. We discuss the implications of our findings for societies comprising diverse groups.
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Nicolosi, Joseph, A. Dean Byrd, and Richard W. Potts. "Retrospective Self-Reports of Changes in Homosexual Orientation: A Consumer Survey of Conversion Therapy Clients." Psychological Reports 86, no. 3_suppl (June 2000): 1071–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2000.86.3c.1071.
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We present the results of a survey of 882 dissatisfied homosexual people whom we queried about their beliefs regarding conversion therapy and the possibility of change in sexual orientation. There were 70 closed-ended questions on the survey and 5 open-ended ones. Of the 882 participants, 726 of them reported that they had received conversion therapy from a professional therapist or a pastoral counselor. Of the participants 779 or 89.7% viewed themselves as “more homosexual than heterosexual,” “almost exclusively homosexual,” or “exclusively homosexual” in their orientation before receiving conversion therapy or making self-help efforts to change. After receiving therapy or engaging in self-help, 305 (35.1%) of the participants continued to view their orientation in this manner. As a group, the participants reported large and statistically significant reductions in the frequency of their homosexual thoughts and fantasies that they attributed to conversion therapy or self-help. They also reported large improvements in their psychological, interpersonal, and spiritual well-being. These responses cannot, for several reasons, be generalized beyond the present sample, but the attitudes and ideas are useful in developing testable hypotheses for further research.
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Nicolosi, Joseph, A. Dean Byrd, and Richard W. Potts. "Retrospective Self-Reports of Changes in Homosexual Orientation: A Consumer Survey of Conversion Therapy Clients." Psychological Reports 86, no. 3_part_2 (June 2000): 1071–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003329410008600302.2.
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We present the results of a survey of 882 dissatisfied homosexual people whom we queried about their beliefs regarding conversion therapy and the possibility of change in sexual orientation. There were 70 closed-ended questions on the survey and 5 open-ended ones. Of the 882 participants, 726 of them reported that they had received conversion therapy from a professional therapist or a pastoral counselor. Of the participants 779 or 89.7% viewed themselves as “more homosexual than heterosexual,” “almost exclusively homosexual,” or “exclusively homosexual” in their orientation before receiving conversion therapy or making self-help efforts to change. After receiving therapy or engaging in self-help, 305 (35.1%) of the participants continued to view their orientation in this manner. As a group, the participants reported large and statistically significant reductions in the frequency of their homosexual thoughts and fantasies that they attributed to conversion therapy or-self-help. They also reported large improvements in their psychological, interpersonal, and spiritual well-being. These responses cannot, for several reasons, be generalized beyond the present sample, but the attitudes and ideas are useful in developing testable hypotheses for further research.
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Wei, Lulu, Edward Bae, Caroline Canning, Sasha Martinez-Machado, Ariel Gidon, Brett Sherman, and Mariana Markell. "Misperceptions and Attitudes Towards Plant-Based Eating in Inner-City Patients With Advanced Kidney Disease." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac051.101.
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Abstract Objectives PBE may result in healthier eating in both patients on hemodialysis and those with other advanced kidney diseases, with increased phosphorous and potassium allowances as well as lower acid load. Understanding interest in and beliefs regarding plant based eating (PBE) in an underserved inner-city pt population with kidney disease may help tailor healthier eating plans based on PBE. Methods A random sample of 33 dialysis and 22 kidney transplant pts in an inner-city environment were surveyed regarding beliefs about PBE and dietary intake by 24-hour recall using the ASA24 database. Results did not differ between populations so they were analyzed together. Not all pts completed all questions. Results Mean age was 55.3 ± 2.1 yrs, 54% male (30); 88% (49) identified as Black, 36% US-born (20); 77% (30) reported annual income <$40K, 64% (35) did not finish college. 8/28 (29%) reported having tried PBE, and 22/39 (57%) were interested. 52% of patients (29) reported not having been recommended PBE before. Recommendations were more likely to have come from a friend or acquaintance and not a doctor or nutritionist (23 vs 4, p = 0.048). Willingness to try PBE in the future was associated with belief that diet changes can improve kidney health (p = 0.031), that PBE can improve kidney health (p = 0.002), and that eating less meat would improve hypertension (p = 0.031) or diabetes (p = 0.034). Pts who previously tried PBE were more likely to believe PBE can improve hypertension (p = 0.045). Pts who believed PBE would worsen hypertension were more likely to be receiving SNAP benefits (r = 0.44, p = 0.032), and be eating more servings of starchy vegetables (p = 0.011), poultry (p = 0.041) and milk (p = 0.011). Conclusions In our population, recommendations for PBE were more likely to come from non-healthcare professionals. Although fewer than a third had tried PBE, more than half of patients surveyed would be willing to try PBE, which was related to beliefs in it's value. As patients at highest risk for food insecurity were less likely to have tried PBE and given that PBE may be protective against kidney disease progression and improve cardiovascular risk factors, it is imperative that health professionals refer patients for nutrition counseling regarding all aspects of PBE, and that counselors in these areas understand misperceptions in order to help alleviate disparities in care. Funding Sources Unfunded.
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Şermet Kaya, Şenay, and Yeter Kitiş. "Elderly diabetes patients’ health beliefs about care and treatment for diabetes." Journal of Human Sciences 15, no. 1 (January 25, 2018): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v15i1.4903.
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Purpose: This descriptive study aimed to assess elderly diabetes patients’ health beliefs about care and treatment for diabetes.Methods: The universe of the study consists of 1176 diabetic patients aged 65 years and over who are registered to eight family health centers affiliated to Mezitli district of Mersin province. In the sample, it was planned to reach the elderly between 165-330. As a result, 280 elders were reached. After obtaining the necessary permissions from the related institutions, data were collected with Descriptive Characteristics Form and HBMS for Diabetes Patients in 2012 and analyzed with nonparametric tests.Results: Of 280 patients, 55.7% were male and 60% were aged 65-69. The median value for HBMS showed that the patients had a negative health belief. The patients with higher education levels and those receiving information about diabetes had higher median of values for both the scale and its subscales, those checking their blood glucose had high median of values for the scale and the subscale perceived benefits and barriers, those complying with nutrition therapy had higher median of values for perceived barriers and recommended health behaviours, those having regular check-ups had higher median of values for perceived barriers and those doing exercise regularly had higher median of values for perceived benefits (p<0.05).Conclusion: Elderly diabetes patients should be offered education about self management and HBMS for Diabetes Patients should be used to determine educational needs and to evaluate effectiveness of education offered to help diabetes patients to develop positive health beliefs.
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Hurwitz, Lisa B., Alexis R. Lauricella, Brianna Hightower, Iris Sroka, Teresa K. Woodruff, and Ellen Wartella. "“When You’re a Baby You Don’t Have Puberty”: Understanding of Puberty and Human Reproduction in Late Childhood and Early Adolescence." Journal of Early Adolescence 37, no. 7 (April 13, 2016): 925–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272431616642323.
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Basic knowledge of human reproduction can help youth prepare for puberty and make later classes focused on advanced reproductive health topics manageable. With the intention of potentially informing the creation of learning materials, we conducted a needs assessment among children ages 7 to 12 in our suburban Chicago community to ascertain their current understanding of, and beliefs and misconceptions about, human reproduction, and to determine their needs for additional reproductive health education. We held qualitative focus group interviews with local children. Participants primarily reported learning about these topics from their parents prior to receiving school-based education in fifth grade. Their level of understanding was relatively low. They had little knowledge of internal sexual organs, expressed a range of beliefs about conception ranging from inaccurate to accurate but incomplete, and voiced concerns about transitioning into adolescence. This suggests a need for additional resources that provide comprehensible descriptions of reproductive health processes and mitigate puberty-related concerns.
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Jones, Norman, D. Whybrow, and R. Coetzee. "UK military doctors; stigma, mental health and help-seeking: a comparative cohort study." Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps 164, no. 4 (March 9, 2018): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jramc-2018-000928.
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IntroductionStudies suggest that medical doctors can suffer from substantial levels of mental ill-health. Little is known about military doctors’ mental health and well-being; we therefore assessed attitudes to mental health, self-stigma, psychological distress and help-seeking among UK Armed Forces doctors.MethodsSix hundred and seventy-eight military doctors (response rate 59%) completed an anonymous online survey. Comparisons were made with serving and ex-military personnel (n=1448, response rate 84.5%) participating in a mental health-related help-seeking survey. Basic sociodemographic data were gathered, and participants completed measures of mental health-related stigmatisation, perceived barriers to care and the 12-Item General Health Questionnaire. All participants were asked if in the last three years they had experienced stress, emotional, mental health, alcohol, family or relationship problems, and whether they had sought help from formal sources.ResultsMilitary doctors reported fewer mental disorder symptoms than the comparison groups. They endorsed higher levels of stigmatising beliefs, negative attitudes to mental healthcare, desire to self-manage and self-stigmatisation than each of the comparison groups. They were most concerned about potential negative effects of and peer perceptions about receiving a mental disorder diagnosis. Military doctors reporting historical and current relationship, and alcohol or mental health problems were significantly and substantially less likely to seek help than the comparison groups.ConclusionsAlthough there are a number of study limitations, outcomes suggest that UK military doctors report lower levels of mental disorder symptoms, higher levels of stigmatising beliefs and a lower propensity to seek formal support than other military reference groups.
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Smolen, Josef S., Dafna Gladman, H. Patrick McNeil, Philip J. Mease, Joachim Sieper, Maja Hojnik, Pascal Nurwakagari, and John Weinman. "Predicting adherence to therapy in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis: a large cross-sectional study." RMD Open 5, no. 1 (January 2019): e000585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2017-000585.
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ObjectiveThis analysis explored the association of treatment adherence with beliefs about medication, patient demographic and disease characteristics and medication types in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) or ankylosing spondylitis (AS) to develop adherence prediction models.MethodsThe population was a subset from ALIGN, a multicountry, cross-sectional, self-administered survey study in adult patients (n=7328) with six immune-mediated inflammatory diseases who were routinely receiving systemic therapy. Instruments included Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ) and 4-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-4©), which was used to define adherence.ResultsA total of 3390 rheumatological patients were analysed (RA, n=1943; PsA, n=635; AS, n=812). Based on the strongest significant associations, the adherence prediction models included type of treatment, age, race (RA and AS) or disease duration (PsA) and medication beliefs (RA and PsA, BMQ-General Harm score; AS, BMQ-Specific Concerns score). The models had cross-validated areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.637 (RA), 0.641 (PsA) and 0.724 (AS). Predicted probabilities of full adherence (MMAS-4©=4) ranged from 5% to 96%. Adherence was highest for tumour necrosis factor inhibitors versus other treatments, older patients and those with low treatment harm beliefs or concerns. Adherence was higher in white patients with RA and AS and in patients with PsA with duration of disease <9 years.ConclusionsFor the first time, simple medication adherence prediction models for patients with RA, PsA and AS are available, which may help identify patients at high risk of non-adherence to systemic therapies.Trial registration numberACTRN12612000977875.
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Berridge, Bonita J., Terence V. McCann, Ali Cheetham, and Dan I. Lubman. "Perceived Barriers and Enablers of Help-Seeking for Substance Use Problems During Adolescence." Health Promotion Practice 19, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839917691944.
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Aim. Receiving professional help early can reduce long-term harms associated with substance use. However, little is known about the factors that influence help-seeking for substance use problems during early-mid adolescence, prior to the emergence of disorder. Given that beliefs regarding help-seeking are likely to develop early, understanding adolescent views of help-seeking during this period is likely to provide important information for prevention and intervention efforts. The current study identifies perceptions that would facilitate or prevent adolescents from seeking support for substance use problems from formal and informal help sources. Method. Thirty-four 12- to 16-year-olds from two schools in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, were recruited. A qualitative interpretative design was used, incorporating semistructured, audio-recorded interviews. Results. Three overlapping themes that reflected barriers or enablers to help-seeking were identified: approachability, confidentiality and trustworthiness, and expertise. Help-seeking was facilitated when adolescents believed that the help source would be supportive and understanding, would keep information confidential, and had expertise in the alcohol and drug field. Conversely, adolescents were reluctant to seek help from sources they believed would be judgmental, lacked expertise, or would inform their parents. Conclusions. These findings highlight perceptions that may influence help-seeking for alcohol and drug problems during adolescence. Further research is needed to determine if help-seeking can be facilitated by improving parents’ and peers’ knowledge and promoting health professionals’ expertise in working with young people’s alcohol and drug issues.
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Vecchione, Katia, and Anne Barrett. "OLDER ITALIANS’ VIEWS OF AND EXPERIENCES WITH IMMIGRANT CAREWORKERS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2585.
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Abstract Population aging has led, in many countries, to new care arrangements to meet the growing need. In Italy, with the second oldest population in the world, family members, especially women, provide the majority of care; however, paid immigrants are increasingly filling in where families cannot. Known as “badanti,” most of these careworkers are middle-aged women from Eastern Europe. Although some research examines this phenomenon, it focuses exclusively on careworkers – not those receiving their care. Addressing this gap, my paper examines older Italians’ attitudes toward and experiences with immigrant careworkers, using interviews with 20 nursing home residents and 20 senior center participants. Analyses reveal polarized views of “badanti, with more positive views found among those with personal experience receiving their care. I find that negative attitudes are shaped by three broader cultural discourses about aging, as well as immigration. Attitudes are influenced by views of independence and autonomy -- core values perceived to be threatened by badanti. Relatedly, attitudes are influenced by the centrality of space and home, which again are viewed as challenged by badanti’s presence. Negative views of badanti also are shaped by dominant discourses regarding immigrants, who are viewed as threats to security, particularly regarding one’s belongings. Such beliefs and values influence older adults’ willingness to accept help from careworkers and its effectiveness -- knowledge of which can help create better care scenarios.
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Bergerot, Cristiane Decat, Paulo Gustavo Bergerot, Errol James Philip, Meghan Salgia, Nicholas Salgia, Nazli Dizman, Joann Hsu, and Sumanta K. Pal. "Genomic profiling: Shared decision making and emotional well-being among patients with metastatic genitourinary cancers." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 31_suppl (November 1, 2019): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.31_suppl.31.
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31 Background: Little is known regarding patients’ beliefs concerning genomic profiling (GP) and its potential association with emotional well-being. We examined essential components of shared decision-making in the context of GP and their relationship to symptoms of anxiety (SAnx) and of depression (SDep) among patients with metastatic genitourinary cancers. Methods: Patients were recruited from a single institution after receiving a standardized dialogue about GP from their oncologist. Patients were included if they had received GP in the context of routine clinical care, and assessed across a range of perceptions related to GP (e.g., communication, expectations, risks associated, reasons and hopes), SAnx (PROMIS-Anxiety) and SDep (PROMIS-Depression). The Kruskal-Wallis test was used. Results: Seventy patients with incurable genitourinary cancers (60% kidney, 21% prostate and 18% bladder cancers) were surveyed. Patients reported that information about GP was presented clearly (95%), comprehensively (94%), accurately (92%), and compassionately (98%), and most felt they possessed a good understanding of GP (78%). No significant differences emerged between patients with or without SAnx or SDep. Patients reported similar reasons for pursuing GP, including to help guide treatment decision making and to follow their physician’s suggestion. Notably, those with SAnx or SDep were more likely to report a desire for information that could help predict their disease outcome (20% and 33%) compared to patients without SAnx or SDep (0%) (P < 0.05). Those with SDep tended to report a desire for GP to improve their treatment response compared to those without SDep (42% vs. 21%, P = 0.04). Compared to those without SDep, patients with SDep were more likely to report a belief that GP could reveal a cure to their disease (73% vs. 50%, P = 0.01). Conclusions: Our findings reinforce the importance of effective counselling in the context of complex medical decision-making. SAnx and SDep may be associated with erroneous beliefs or expectations the role of GP in treatment. Given the complexity of GP, interventions are needed to enhance patients' understanding of these tests and therapeutic implications.
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Cuenca-Barrales, Carlos, and Alejandro Molina-Leyva. "Sexuality in Patients with Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Beliefs, Behaviors and Needs." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23 (November 27, 2020): 8808. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238808.
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Little is known about the impact of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) on patients’ sexuality. The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of HS on several previously unexplored aspects of sexuality. In March 2018, we conducted a crowd-sourced cross-sectional online survey hosted by the Spanish association of patients with HS (ASENDHI) and available in Spanish. A panel of experts and patients from ASENDHI designed various questions in order to explore the extent to which HS influenced participants’ sex lives. The final sample consisted of 386 participants, 79.27% (306/386) of which were women and 20.73% (80/306) of which were men. Seventy-seven point one percent (236/306) of women and 67.5% (54/80) of men were in stable relationships; the rest of the participants were single. Forty-seven point nine percent (185/386) admitted to feeling fear of rejection. Pain was the symptom that most interfered with sexual relations in women and suppuration in men. Forty-four point three percent (171/386) of the participants considered themselves to be less attractive than average. Considering the participants in a stable relationship, women described receiving more emotional support from their partners, while men received more help with lesion dressing in intimate areas. Seventy-one point four percent (207/290) of participants stated that HS negatively affected their relationship. Among single patients, women experienced greater fear of rejection and were less willing to meet new people because of HS. Ninety-four point three percent (66/70) of women and 80.8% (21/26) of men stated that HS had a negative influence on their chances of having a relationship or sexual relations. In conclusion, HS has a significant, unrecognized and misunderstood impact on sexuality which must be addressed.
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Victoria, Sánchez Antelo, Kohler Racquel E, Szwarc Lucila, Paolino Melisa, Kasisomayajula Viswanath, and Arrossi Silvina. "Knowledge and perceptions regarding triage among human papillomavirus–tested women: A qualitative study of perspectives of low-income women in Argentina." Women's Health 16 (January 2020): 174550652097601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745506520976011.
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Objectives: Among cancer prevention studies, little is known about knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs toward triage adherence in the context of the human papillomavirus self-collection test. This formative research aims to identify knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs related to human papillomavirus and cervical cancer prevention specifically about adherence to Pap triage among women residing in a low-income province in Argentina. Methods: We conducted six focus groups, stratified by residence and age. All participants were aged 30 or older and had performed human papillomavirus self-collection. Data collection and thematic analysis were carried out using constructs from the Health Belief Model. Results: Misinformation regarding human papillomavirus and cervical cancer was common and was a source of distress. Women could not distinguish Pap screening from triage; human papillomavirus risk perception was limited but cervical cancer was perceived as a threatening disease. Women were willing to follow-up after receiving an abnormal screening result. Negative views about clinician-collected screening/triage were common, defined as painful and shameful, and comes with an economic cost (transport/time). Lack of help from family/friends was an obstacle to adhering to triage. Health issues in the family’s records and a physician’s recommendation were a cue to adhere to triage. Conclusion: Lack of knowledge or misinformation of the causes of cervical cancer, human papillomavirus, and the multi-step screening and triage process are barriers to follow-up adherence. Interventions to improve communication between women and health providers about screening results and follow-up are needed. Also, health services should be organized to respond to women’s needs and reduce access barriers to follow-up.
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Elbogen, Eric B., Richard A. Van Dorn, Jeffrey W. Swanson, Marvin S. Swartz, and John Monahan. "Treatment engagement and violence risk in mental disorders." British Journal of Psychiatry 189, no. 4 (October 2006): 354–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.017913.
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BackgroundResearch has uncovered many characteristics related to violence committed by people with mental illness. However, relatively few studies have focused on understanding the connection between violence and dynamic, malleable variables such as a patient's level of treatment engagement.AimsTo explore the link between community violence and patients' beliefs about psychiatric treatment benefit.MethodA sample of 1011 adults receiving out-patient treatment for a psychiatric disorder in the public mental health systems of five US states were interviewed.ResultsBivariate analyses revealed community violence was inversely related to treatment adherence, perceived treatment need and perceived treatment effectiveness. Multivariate analyses showed these three variables were associated with reduced odds of violent and other aggressive acts.ConclusionsThe results suggest clinical consideration of patients' perceptions of treatment benefit can help enhance violence risk assessment in psychiatric practice settings.
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Barber, Sean, Diarmuid Duggan, Jake Murphy, Geraldine Markey, Derbrenn O'Connor, Raimundas Galiauskas, Hadia Khan, Gul Ahmed, Deirdre O'Mahony, and Conleth G. Murphy. "Patient attitudes regarding the influence of diet on cancer development and treatment." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2022): e24088-e24088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.e24088.
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e24088 Background: Up to one third of cancers in high-income populations can be attributed to lifestyle factors (nutrition & physical activity). Data on dietary beliefs in Irish patients with cancer are lacking. This study aims to evaluate how patients with cancer conceptualize the effect of diet on their disease and treatment & determine if attitudes vary according to age, gender, education, disease type, treatment type & treatment intent. Methods: This is a questionnaire-based study, carried out in an Irish oncology unit over a 3-week period in April 2021. Patients with an active cancer diagnosis attending the oncology day ward were invited to participate. We adapted a previously used questionnaire following expert review. A combination of yes/no and Likert scale responses were used: Have you changed your diet since you received your diagnosis? (Yes/no). To what degree do you think that...(Likert): Diet may contribute to the condition that you are being treated for?. Your diet after diagnosis helps your sense of health and wellness?. Diet can help relieve side effects of treatment?. Diet helps in preventing cancer recurrence?. Demographic and treatment data were recorded from patient charts. Responses were compared across demographic variables including gender, age, highest education level, primary cancer location/type and treatment intent using Chi-squared/Fishers exact test. A P-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: 130 patients were invited to take part & 113 responded (response rate 87%). 80% reported changing their diet since diagnosis, with no significant difference according to demographic variables. Most (68%) patients expressed a belief that diet played some role in their cancer development although only 15% believed that diet contributed ‘a lot’. Most patients (83%) believed that diet after a cancer diagnosis has an impact on their sense of health and well-being, and 32% expressed a strong belief in this regard (Likert scale 4, ‘a lot’). 75% believed that diet has some impact on managing treatment side effects. 81% believed that diet has some impact on cancer recurrence, and 30% believed it has a major impact (Likert scale 4). On multivariate analysis we found stronger beliefs in the impact of diet on cancer development (p = 0.049) and recurrence risk (p = 0.05) among men than women, and stronger belief in the impact of diet on recurrence risk among patients receiving treatment with curative versus palliative intent (p = 0.045). Conclusions: Most patients reported changing their diet following their cancer diagnosis, and most patients felt that diet had some impact on all of the areas studied including cancer development, health and well-being, managing side effects and cancer recurrence. Men expressed stronger beliefs than women in the impact of diet on cancer development and recurrence risk, and patients being treated with curative intent also expressed stronger beliefs in the impact of diet on cancer recurrence.
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Lubitz, Su Fen, Alex Flitter, E. Paul Wileyto, Douglas Ziedonis, Nathaniel Stevens, Frank Leone, David Mandell, John Kimberly, Rinad Beidas, and Robert A. Schnoll. "History and Correlates of Smoking Cessation Behaviors Among Smokers With Serious Mental Illness." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 22, no. 9 (December 10, 2019): 1492–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntz229.
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Abstract Introduction Individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) smoke at rates two to three times greater than the general population but are less likely to receive treatment. Increasing our understanding of correlates of smoking cessation behaviors in this group can guide intervention development. Aims and Methods Baseline data from an ongoing trial involving smokers with SMI (N = 482) were used to describe smoking cessation behaviors (ie, quit attempts, quit motivation, and smoking cessation treatment) and correlates of these behaviors (ie, demographics, attitudinal and systems-related variables). Results Forty-three percent of the sample did not report making a quit attempt in the last year, but 44% reported making one to six quit attempts; 43% and 20%, respectively, reported wanting to quit within the next 6 months or the next 30 days. Sixty-one percent used a smoking cessation medication during their quit attempt, while 13% utilized counseling. More quit attempts were associated with lower nicotine dependence and carbon monoxide and greater beliefs about the harms of smoking. Greater quit motivation was associated with lower carbon monoxide, minority race, benefits of cessation counseling, and importance of counseling within the clinic. A greater likelihood of using smoking cessation medications was associated with being female, smoking more cigarettes, and receiving smoking cessation advice. A greater likelihood of using smoking cessation counseling was associated with being male, greater academic achievement, and receiving smoking cessation advice. Conclusions Many smokers with SMI are engaged in efforts to quit smoking. Measures of smoking cessation behavior are associated with tobacco use indicators, beliefs about smoking, race and gender, and receiving cessation advice. Implications Consideration of factors related to cessation behaviors among smokers with SMI continues to be warranted, due to their high smoking rates compared to the general population. Increasing our understanding of these predictive characteristics can help promote higher engagement in evidence-based smoking cessation treatments among this subpopulation.
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Avelino, Daniela Carolina, Alyson Gaylord, and Carolyn Lin. "College Students’ Awareness, Beliefs, Attitudes and Consumption Intention Towards Plant-Based Meat and Its Environmental Impact." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac059.004.
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Abstract Objectives To assess the awareness, beliefs, attitudes, and consumption intention of college students associated with the consumption of plant-based meat and its environmental impact. Methods Undergraduate students enrolled (aged 17–23) in a general education course at a large Northeast university completed an online survey in early December of 2021 via Qualtrics. The final sample yielded 251 valid responses after data cleaning. Students were asked to describe plant-based meat consumption experience/interest, aside from reasons for choosing a primarily plant-based diet as well as costs, environmental impact, and information access/interest associated with this type of dietary choice. Results Fifty-seven % of participants had prior experience consuming a plant-based meat alternative, and 85.2% (n = 208) were willing to try at least one type of plant-based meat (burger, sausage, or ground meat), consistent with current consumer market trends. For those who have tried plant-based meat before, the mean “liking” score was 6.30 (measured on a 10-point scale). The most-reported perceived reasons for why people choose to keep a primarily plant-based diet were: ethical (84.5%, n = 212), environmental (80.1%, n = 201), and health (71.3%, n = 179) considerations. Participant belief in the role of increased plant-based meal consumption in reducing the impact of animal meat production on the environment was moderately strong (M = 6.76, measured on a 10-point scale). They also indicated a middling response (M = 5.06) to consuming plant-based meat products if the cost was about the same as animal meat products. A similar response pattern was also found for perceived information availability on plant-based meals (M = 5.45) and interest in receiving more information about them (M = 5.05). Conclusions This study suggests that college students are willing to try more plant-based meat and believe that increased consumption of plant-based meat can positively impact the environment. Expanding information availability through social marketing campaigns to increase knowledge and interest in plant-based meals could help promote greater consumption, better health, and greater environmental protection. Funding Sources None.
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Beck, Annika T., Erica J. Sutton, Carolyn P. Y. Chow, Susan H. Curtis, Iftikhar J. Kullo, and Richard R. Sharp. "“Who Doesn’t Like Receiving Good News?” Perspectives of Individuals Who Received Genomic Screening Results by Mail." Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 5 (April 21, 2021): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11050322.
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As genomic sequencing expands to screen larger numbers of individuals, offering genetic counseling to everyone may not be possible. One approach to managing this limitation is for a genetic counselor to communicate clinically actionable results in person or by telephone, but report other results by mail. We employed this approach in a large genomic implementation study. In this paper, we describe participants’ experiences receiving genomic screening results by mail. We conducted 50 semi-structured telephone interviews with individuals who received neutral genomic screening results by mail. Most participants were satisfied receiving neutral results by mail. Participants generally had a good understanding of results; however, a few participants had misunderstandings about their genomic screening results, including mistaken beliefs about their disease risk and the comprehensiveness of the test. No one reported plans to alter health behaviors, defer medical evaluations, or take other actions that might be considered medically problematic. Reporting neutral results by mail is unlikely to cause recipients distress or generate misunderstandings that may result in reduced vigilance in following recommended preventive health strategies. Nonetheless, some individuals may benefit from additional genetic counseling support to help situate their results in the context of personal concerns and illness experiences.
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EL Hassan, EL Walid, Amal Khaleel Abu Alhommos, Dalal Aliadhy, Shaima Alsalman, Ohoud Alnafaa, and Ahmed Mohamed. "Public Knowledge, Beliefs and Attitudes toward the COVID-19 Vaccine in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study." Healthcare 10, no. 5 (May 5, 2022): 853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10050853.
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Background: With the help of vaccines, the world has witnessed a substantial decrease and even the eradication of many infectious diseases. Many factors influenced the public’s acceptance and compliance with the COVID-19 vaccine. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted in Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire link was distributed through social media platforms. The questionnaire tool assessed the participants’ general knowledge and the barriers to taking the COVID-19 vaccine. All people who are currently living in Saudi Arabia and are at least 16 years old were included in the study and formed the study population. Based on our inclusion criteria, a total of 2,198 individuals were enrolled in this study. Results: Participants who were willing to take the vaccine were 68%. After vaccination, 10% of the participants think they can stop wearing face masks and washing their hands. Two-thirds of the participants think that the vaccine is effective in preventing COVID-19 infection. A total of 44.0% of the participants were afraid of the vaccine. The most common reasons were fear of unknown side effects (53.9%) and believing that the vaccine was not tested enough (27%). More than half of the study participants had a preference for receiving the Pfizer vaccine (52%). Conclusion: The public’s acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine in Saudi Arabia is insufficient. Unknown side effects, widespread misconceptions, and a lack of adequate safety trials are all important reasons for concern among Saudis. More educational materials and awareness efforts will help to alleviate the fear that surrounds it. This will boost the vaccine’s acceptance rate in the long run.
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Roy, Siddhartha, Clement K. Gwede, Teri L. Malo, Courtney L. Scherr, Selina Radlein, Cathy D. Meade, Susan T. Vadaparampil, and Jong Y. Park. "Exploring Prostate Cancer Patients’ Interest and Preferences for Receiving Genetic Risk Information About Cancer Aggressiveness." American Journal of Men's Health 14, no. 3 (May 2020): 155798832091962. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988320919626.
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The number of cases of aggressive prostate cancer is increasing. Differentiating between aggressive and indolent cases has resulted in increased difficulty for the physician and patient to decide on the best treatment option. Due to this challenge, efforts are underway to profile genetic risk for prostate cancer aggressiveness, which may help physicians and patients at risk for developing aggressive prostate cancer to select an appropriate treatment option. This study explores patients’ interest in receiving genetic results, preference for how genetic risk information should be communicated, and willingness to share results with adult male first-degree relatives (FDRs). A nine-item survey was adapted to assess their beliefs and attitudes about genetic testing for prostate cancer aggressiveness. In addition, participants ( n = 50) responded to hypothetical scenarios and questions associated with perceived importance of risk disclosure, preferences for receiving genetic risk information, and sharing of results with FDRs. As the hypothetical risk estimate for aggressive prostate cancer increased, patients’ willingness to receive genetic risk information increased. This study found that most patients preferred receiving genetic risk education in the form of a DVD (76%), one-page informational sheet (75%), or educational booklet (70%). Almost all patients (98%) reported that they would be willing to share their test results with FDRs. The results of this study highlight prostate cancer patients’ desire to receive and share genetic risk information. Future research should focus on assessing the long-term benefits of receiving genetic information for prostate cancer patients and implications of sharing this information with FDRs.
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Beales, Darren, Anne Smith, Peter O'Sullivan, Michael Hunter, and Leon Straker. "Back Pain Beliefs Are Related to the Impact of Low Back Pain in Baby Boomers in the Busselton Healthy Aging Study." Physical Therapy 95, no. 2 (February 1, 2015): 180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20140064.
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Background Back pain beliefs (BPBs) are an important modifiable factor related to disability associated with low back pain (LBP). Back pain beliefs have not been characterized in baby boomers, a group at risk for decreased activity levels and reduced productivity. Objective The aims of this study were: (1) to identify factors related to BPBs and (2) to evaluate the association between LBP disability and beliefs. Design A cross-sectional survey of community-dwelling baby boomers (born 1946–1964) was conducted. Methods Nine hundred fifty-eight baby boomers (mean age=56.2 years) participating in the Busselton Healthy Aging Study provided their history of LBP, BPBs, LBP behaviors related to care seeking (taking medication, seeking professional help) and activity modification (missing work, interference with normal activities, interference with recreational activities), LBP-related disability, and additional covariates with known associations with BPBs. Regression analyses were used to: (1) identify factors associated with more positive beliefs and (2) test the association between more positive BPBs and lower LBP disability, independent of other correlates of BPBs. Results More positive BPBs were associated with younger age, better mental well-being, and higher income, whereas more negative BPBs were associated with receiving sickness or disability benefits and the experience of LBP in the previous month. In participants who reported experiencing LBP within the previous month, more positive BPBs were associated with lower disability scale scores and a decreased probability of interference with usual activities, independent of pain intensity, age, mental well-being, income, and employment status. Limitations Cross-sectional analysis limits assessment of causality. Conclusions Poorer BPBs were associated with greater disability. Characterization of the relationships between BPBs and LBP-associated behaviors and disability in baby boomers can assist in developing interventions to improve activity participation and productivity, potentially reducing the burden of LBP in this age group.
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Pop-Vicas, Aurora E., Amanda Young, Mary-Jo Knobloch, and Nasia Safdar. "1234. Mental Models of Surgical Site Infection Prevention Among Surgical Technicians and Nurses." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S444—S445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1097.
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Abstract Background Surgical site infections (SSI) are common and costly. Institutions have implemented complex prevention bundles to reduce SSI, but adherence remains challenging. Understanding clinicians’ mental models related to SSI prevention can help develop strategies to improve adherence. Methods We conducted focus groups with surgical clinicians at a tertiary care center. We used constructs from behavior change theories to analyze responses and identify relevant themes for SSI prevention. Results We had 19 participants (10 nurses, 9 surgical technicians) in 4 focus groups. We found the following SSI prevention challenges: (1) emphasis on rapid patient turnover, which impairs ability to complete all required infection control tasks; (2) OR crowding and traffic, with increased risk to sterile technique breaks; (3) poor compliance with OR attire, including wearing scrubs outside of the hospital; (4) inadequate OR cleaning between cases; (5) lack of emphasis on post-discharge wound care instructions. The following beliefs were commonly expressed: (1) belief that some SSI are inevitable, due to increased complexity and duration of surgical procedures in a referral center; (2) perceived lack of knowledge and training on OR sterile technique among medical and nursing students; (3) perceived incorrect techniques for applying skin preps among surgical residents, and, occasionally, attendings; (4) fear and hesitancy to bring up OR irregularities if individual involved is perceived as having a “difficult personality,” irrespective of social hierarchy; (5) feeling overwhelmed by too many requirements for SSI prevention, which frequently change; (6) belief that some policies originate from outside influences and are not relevant to frontline clinicians; (7) frustration to receiving SSI performance feedback that is not individualized and lacks actionable items; (8) feeling “blamed” for having SSI without knowing “how to fix it”; (9) belief that training rigor and dedication to patient care have decreased over time, and are lax among younger generations. Representative quotes categorized according to behavior change constructs are shown in Table 1. Conclusion Addressing clinicians’ perceptions of SSI prevention may help improve adherence to the process and reduce SSI incidence. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Edmonds, Megan C., Mayuri Jain, Melissa Mazor, Jose Morillo, Marsha Augustin, Olivia S. Allen, Amina Avril, and Cardinale B. Smith. "Drivers of palliative care and hospice use among patients with advanced lung cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 28_suppl (October 1, 2022): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.28_suppl.079.
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79 Background: Despite rigorous evidence of improved quality of life and longer survival, disparities in the utilization and quality of palliative and hospice care persist for racial and ethnic minority (Black and Latinx) patients with advanced lung cancer. To better understand drivers of palliative care and hospice inequities, this study evaluated the impact of psychosocial factors (e.g., lung cancer beliefs) on palliative and hospice care utilization among minority patients with cancer. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of 99 patients with advanced lung cancer recruited at the Mount Sinai Hospital. At enrollment, minority and non-minority patients were asked questions about their sociodemographic, clinical, and the following psychosocial factors: medical mistrust, lung cancer beliefs, palliative care and hospice beliefs. Palliative care and hospice care utilization was abstracted from patients’ medical records. Bivariate analysis examined the association between independent factors (e.g., sociodemographic, lung cancer beliefs) and outcomes of palliative care consult and hospice care use (yes vs. no). Results: Of the 99 enrolled participants, 55 (55%) were minorities with a mean age of 65 years. 42% completed a palliative care consult and 26% utilized hospice care (26%). Palliative care utilization was associated with more favorable beliefs toward palliative care (p = 0.022) and hospice (p = 0.005) and lower levels of medical mistrust (p = 0.007). Majority of the sample was not refered to palliative (50%) or hospice care (61%); however patients refered were more likely to utilize care (p < 0.001). Minority patients were more likely to receive a referral and schedule a palliative care consultation compared to non-minorities (p < 0.001). Self-reported minority status did not predict differences in hospice care use. Conclusions: Minority patients with lung cancer were more likely to receive a palliative care referral and specialty level consultation when compared to non-minority patients. Higher levels of mistrust were a driver of not receiving palliative care. Patient referrals appear to be an important leverage point to help mitigate disparities in palliative and hospice care use. Future work to understand factors associated with palliative care use and the impact on minority patients is needed.
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Saunders, Gabrielle H., Melissa T. Frederick, ShienPei C. Silverman, Claus Nielsen, and Ariane Laplante-Lévesque. "Development and Pilot Evaluation of a Novel Theory-Based Intervention to Encourage Help-Seeking for Adult Hearing Loss." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 28, no. 10 (November 2017): 920–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.16129.
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Background: Health behavior theories can provide an understanding of hearing health behaviors and, more importantly, can be used to develop theoretically based strategies to change these health behaviors. Purpose: To develop a theory-based brief intervention to increase help-seeking for adult hearing loss and to conduct a pilot study to evaluate its feasibility, effectiveness, and impact on hearing beliefs and behaviors. Research Design: An intervention was designed that could be easily administered by a health-care provider who does not have expertise in audiology—such as a primary care physician, community nurse, or social worker. The intervention aims to alter perceived benefit, severity, cues to action, and self-efficacy for seeking help by providing experiential/affective messaging and simultaneously providing intrinsic motivation for the recipient to seek hearing help. To first determine whether this intervention changed beliefs and increased help-seeking behavior, this study was conducted in a hearing research laboratory setting. Study Sample: A total of 101 adults aged 50–89 yr were recruited within 6 months of having attended an appointment at a primary care clinic at the VA Portland Health Care System. All were sent a letter inviting them to participate in a study if they had trouble with their hearing but had not had a scheduled hearing test or worn hearing aids in the prior 5 yr and also had functional oral and written English. Data from 87 individuals were available for analysis. Intervention: The intervention is designed for use in any health-care setting in which a health-care provider can facilitate a conversation about hearing. On arrival at a health-care facility, recipients are provided with nine emotionally evocative color photographs to prompt reflection on ways in which hearing difficulties impact them. A discussion with a health-care provider (facilitator) follows, during which recipients may identify the negative impacts of their hearing loss. If the recipient identifies negative impacts, the facilitator suggests that he or she consider having a hearing test and provides a list of local hearing-health professionals. Data Collection and Analysis: Participants completed baseline questionnaires assessing hearing beliefs and attitudes. They were then randomly assigned either to the group receiving the study intervention or to a control group. Six months after study enrollment, participants reported whether they had sought help for their hearing and completed a second set of questionnaires. Results: Twelve of 41 individuals (29.3%) in the intervention group and 7 of 46 individuals (15.2%) in the control group sought help within the 6-month follow-up period. A χ2 test showed these numbers did not differ significantly; however, the odds ratio of having had a hearing test were 2.3 times greater for those who received the intervention than for those who did not. Conclusions: Despite not reaching statistical significance, the odds ratio suggests that the theory-based brief intervention is worthy of additional examination. We intend to work with health-care providers to conduct a larger study to investigate whether the intervention has value in the real world.
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Yates, Lindsey, Sarah Birken, Terri-Ann Thompson, Gretchen S. Stuart, Sandra Greene, Kristen Hassmiller Lich, and Morris Weinberger. "A qualitative analysis of Medicaid beneficiaries perceptions of prenatal and immediate postpartum contraception counseling." Women's Health 18 (January 2022): 174550572211240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17455057221124079.
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Objectives: In the United States, about four out of every ten births are financed by Medicaid, making it a program that is key in addressing racial disparities in maternal health. Many women covered by Medicaid have access to prenatal and immediate postpartum contraception counseling that can aid them in their postpartum contraception decision-making. However, existing inequities within Medicaid and a history of reproductive harms targeting Black women and women with low incomes may contribute to women with Medicaid having different experiences of contraception counseling. This qualitative study explores how Black women and White women insured by Medicaid perceive prenatal and immediate postpartum contraception counseling and identifies additional factors that shape their contraception decision-making. Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 15 Medicaid beneficiaries who delivered at a public teaching hospital in North Carolina. Interviews focused on women’s beliefs about planning for pregnancy, experiences with prenatal and immediate postpartum contraception counseling, and perceived need for postpartum contraception. We used a priori and emergent codes to analyze interviews. Results: Seven Black women and eight White women completed interviews 14–60 days postpartum. All women reported receiving prenatal and immediate postpartum counseling. Several women described receiving prenatal counseling, reflective of patient-centered contraception counseling, that helped in their postpartum contraception decision-making; one woman described receiving immediate postpartum counseling that helped in her decision-making. Some Black women reported receiving unsupportive/coercive contraception counseling. In addition to contraception counseling, past reproductive health experiences and future pregnancy intentions were salient to women’s contraception decision-making. Conclusions: Prenatal and immediate postpartum contraception counseling can help some Medicaid beneficiaries with their postpartum contraception decision, but past reproductive health experiences and future pregnancy intentions are also relevant. Counseling that does not consider these experiences may be harmful, particularly to Black women, further contributing to racial disparities in maternal postpartum health outcomes.
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Moffat, R. C., C. T. Yentes, B. T. Crookston, and J. H. West. "Patient Perceptions about Professional Dental Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic." JDR Clinical & Translational Research 6, no. 1 (October 21, 2020): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2380084420969116.
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Background: Dental professionals are at high risk of being infected by and transmitting COVID-19 to patients. Patients’ perceived risk for infection and attitudes about receiving dental care during the pandemic are important to understand as patients consider returning to routine dental care as the pandemic progresses. Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore dental patients’ perceptions of susceptibility to contracting COVID-19, their related attitudes and beliefs regarding dental care visits, and their considerations for returning to routine care during and after the pandemic. Method: Data for this cross-sectional study came from an electronic survey of 464 US adults. Survey variables include demographics, dental hygiene behaviors, perceived susceptibility to COVID-19, attitudes and beliefs regarding risk for attending dental appointments, and the necessary conditions and events for them to feel comfortable returning to regular dental appointments. Results: Over half of study participants had a 4-y degree, an annual income of at least $50,000, and good oral hygiene practices of frequent brushing and routine dental visits. Older age and agreement with positive attitudinal statements and beliefs about professional dental care were positively related to perceived susceptibility for contracting COVID-19 in a dental setting. Perceptions of susceptibility, a higher valuation of dentistry, and agreement that COVID-19 is a serious infection were each positively related to attitudinal statements and beliefs reflecting caution in attending dental visits. Last, assurance from public health officials confirming the safety to return for routine dental care was the largest reported factor necessary for a return to routine dental visits. Conclusion: This study provides early data about patient perceptions of susceptibility and attitudes toward COVID-19 in a professional dental setting and necessary conditions for returning to regular visits. This information can help formulate messaging related to returning to professional dental care, specifically targeting fears among the most susceptible populations. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Government and public health agencies can play an important role in alleviating concerns and instilling confidence that dental settings are safe. With this information from the public, dental professionals and public health agencies can work together to share messaging that will consistently inform the public regarding the safety of returning to professional dental care as it relates to the reopening of states and cities.
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Thompson, W. Grant. "Constipation: A Physiological Approach." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 14, suppl d (2000): 155B—162B. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2000/391807.
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The first step in managing a patient with constipation is to understand the precise nature of the complaint. Is the onset recent? What are the frequency and form of the stools, and how much effort is required to defecate? Is constipation steady or alternating as in irritable bowel syndrome? Are there structural, metabolic or pharmacological confounders? Is the patient depressed? Has dietary fibre been tried at a sufficient dose? What are the patient’s understanding and beliefs about the symptoms? Has there been sufficient and appropriate investigation? Armed with the answers to these questions, physicians can help most patients through lifestyle, dietary and pharmacological adjustments, along with supplementary fibre. Some patients may require regular doses of an osmotic laxative. Those few that fail these measures should have their transit time estimated while on a high fibre diet; if it is normal, further testing is unlikely to help. The above efforts should be re-emphasized, and reassurance should be offered. Some patients may require a psychological assessment. If transit time is prolonged and the patient may benefit from surgery for colonic inertia or biofeedback for anismus, then colon and anorectal function should be assessed. The decision to perform further tests should be made carefully, and unrealistic expectations should be discouraged. Before surgery is offered, the patient should have the benefit of receiving an expert opinion. Biofeedback helps some patients with isolated anorectal dysfunction.
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Lunn, Stephanie, Monique Ross, Zahra Hazari, Mark Allen Weiss, Michael Georgiopoulos, and Kenneth Christensen. "How Do Educational Experiences Predict Computing Identity?" ACM Transactions on Computing Education 22, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3470653.
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Despite increasing demands for skilled workers within the technological domain, there is still a deficit in the number of graduates in computing fields (computer science, information technology, and computer engineering). Understanding the factors that contribute to students’ motivation and persistence is critical to helping educators, administrators, and industry professionals better focus efforts to improve academic outcomes and job placement. This article examines how experiences contribute to a student’s computing identity, which we define by their interest, recognition, sense of belonging, and competence/performance beliefs. In particular, we consider groups underrepresented in these disciplines, women and minoritized racial/ethnic groups (Black/African American and Hispanic/Latinx). To delve into these relationships, a survey of more than 1,600 students in computing fields was conducted at three metropolitan public universities in Florida. Regression was used to elucidate which experiences predict computing identity and how social identification (i.e., as female, Black/African American, and/or Hispanic/Latinx) may interact with these experiences. Our results suggest that several types of experiences positively predict a student’s computing identity, such as mentoring others, having a job, or having friends in computing. Moreover, certain experiences have a different effect on computing identity for female and Hispanic/Latinx students. More specifically, receiving academic advice from teaching assistants was more positive for female students, receiving advice from industry professionals was more negative for Hispanic/Latinx students, and receiving help on classwork from students in their class was more positive for Hispanic/Latinx students. Other experiences, while having the same effect on computing identity across students, were experienced at significantly different rates by females, Black/African American students, and Hispanic/Latinx students. The findings highlight experiential ways in which computing programs can foster computing identity development, particularly for underrepresented and marginalized groups in computing.
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Siu, Andrew M. H., Daniel T. L. Shek, and Ben Law. "Prosocial Norms as a Positive Youth Development Construct: A Conceptual Review." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/832026.
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Prosocial norms like reciprocity, social responsibility, altruism, and volunteerism are ethical standards and beliefs that youth development programs often want to promote. This paper reviews evolutionary, social-cognitive, and developmental theories of prosocial development and analyzes how young people learn and adopt prosocial norms. The paper showed that very few current theories explicitly address the issue of how prosocial norms, in form of feelings of moral obligations, may be challenged by a norm of self-interest and social circumstances when prosocial acts are needed. It is necessary to develop theories which put prosocial norms as a central construct, and a new social cognitive theory of norm activation has the potential to help us understand how prosocial norms may be applied. This paper also highlights how little we know about young people perceiving and receiving prosocial norms and how influential of school policies and peer influence on the prosocial development. Lastly, while training of interpersonal competence (e.g., empathy, moral reasoning, etc.) was commonly used in the youth development, their effectiveness was not systematically evaluated. It will also be interesting to examine how computer and information technology or video games may be used in e-learning of prosocial norms.
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Reader, Steven K., Colleen N. Keeler, Fang Fang Chen, Nicole M. Ruppe, Diana L. Rash-Ellis, Jean R. Wadman, Robin E. Miller, and Anne E. Kazak. "Psychosocial Screening in Sickle Cell Disease: Validation of the Psychosocial Assessment Tool." Journal of Pediatric Psychology 45, no. 4 (March 6, 2020): 423–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsaa002.
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Abstract Objective Families of youth with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) can face psychosocial adversity including emotional distress, functional impairments, and sociodemographic risk factors. Systematic screening of psychosocial risk can identify families who may benefit from further assessment and evidence-based care. The Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT) is a brief caregiver-report screener based on the tri-level Pediatric Psychosocial Preventative Health Model (PPPHM). Methods Findings are presented from the baseline assessment of a longitudinal study validating a Sickle Cell version of the PAT 2.0. Primary caregivers of 136 youth with SCD receiving care through a multidisciplinary SCD clinic in a children’s hospital completed the PAT and validation measures. A subset of 25 caregivers completed the PAT a second time within 3–5 weeks. Results Internal consistency for the total score was strong (α = .87), and for the subscales was moderate to strong (α = .74–.94), with the exception of the Family Structure (α = .38), Caregiver Beliefs (α = .48), and Stress Reactions (α = .56) subscales. Test–retest reliability was also strong (r = .86, p < .001). Moderate to strong correlations with all except two criteria measures provided validation for the total and subscale scores. Validation measures varied significantly across the three levels of the PPPHM. Conclusions Results provide support for the reliability and validity of the PAT in SCD. Systematic screening with the PAT can help identify families of youth with SCD at risk for psychosocial problems and potentially help connect them to appropriate services.
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Wallis, Jason A., Emma Gearon, Justine Naylor, Kirby Young, Shay Zayontz, Phillipa Risbey, Ian A. Harris, Rachelle Buchbinder, and Denise O’Connor. "Barriers, enablers and acceptability of home-based care following elective total knee or hip replacement at a private hospital: A qualitative study of patient and caregiver perspectives." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 24, 2022): e0273405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273405.
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Background To facilitate implementation of home-based care following an elective total knee or hip replacement in a private hospital, we explored patient and caregiver barriers and enablers and components of care that may increase its acceptability. Method Thirty-one patients (mean age 71 years, 77% female) and 14 caregivers (mean age 69 years, 57% female) were interviewed. All themes were developed using thematic analysis, then categorised as barriers or enablers to uptake of home-based care or acceptable components of care. Barrier and enabler themes were mapped to the Theoretical Domains Framework. Results Eight themes emerged as barriers or enablers: feeling unsafe versus confident; caregivers’ willingness to provide support and patients’ unwillingness to seek help; less support and opportunity to rest; positive feelings about home over the hospital; certainty about anticipated recovery; trusting specialist advice over family and friends; length of hospital stay; paying for health insurance. Five themes emerged as acceptable components: home visits prior to discharge; specific information about recovery at home; one-to-one physiotherapy and occupational therapy perceived as first-line care; medical, nursing and a 24/7 direct-line perceived as second-line care for complications; no one-size-fits-all model for domestic support. Theoretical domains relating to barriers included emotion (e.g., feeling unsafe), environmental context and resources (e.g., perceived lack of physiotherapy) and beliefs about consequences (e.g., unwillingness to burden their caregiver). Theoretical domains relating to enablers included beliefs about capabilities (e.g., feeling strong), skills (e.g., practising stairs), procedural knowledge (e.g., receiving advice about early mobility) and social influences (e.g., caregivers’ willingness to provide support). Conclusions Multiple factors, such as feeling unsafe and caregivers’ willingness to provide support, may influence implementation of home-based care from the perspectives of privately insured patients and caregivers. Our findings provide insights to inform design of suitable home-based care following joint replacement in a private setting.
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Bansal, Stuti, Krishnamachari Srinivasan, and Maria Ekstrand. "Perceptions of ASHA workers in the HOPE collaborative care mental health intervention in rural South India: a qualitative analysis." BMJ Open 11, no. 11 (November 2021): e047365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047365.
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ObjectiveThe main objective of this exploratory study was to investigate the overlooked perspectives and beliefs of Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA workers) regarding a collaborative care mental health intervention (HOPE: Healthier Options through Empowerment), mental illness and the health of their rural communities.DesignSemi-structured, one-on-one, qualitative interviews.SettingSeven primary health centres (PHCs) in rural Karnataka, India. All PHCs had previously completed the HOPE study.Participants15 ASHA workers, selected via purposive sampling. ASHAs are high school-educated village women trained as community health workers. ASHAs were included if they had previously participated in the HOPE intervention, a collaborative-care randomised controlled trial that aimed to integrate mental healthcare into existing primary care systems in rural Karnataka.InterventionsNo interventions were introduced.ResultsASHA workers mostly had positive interactions with patients, including encouraging them to attend sessions, helping to explain the topics and techniques, and checking on the patients frequently. ASHA workers were able to identify key barriers to treatment and facilitators to treatment. ASHAs claimed that their knowledge about mental illness improved because of the HOPE study, though gaps remained in their understanding of aetiology and treatment. Several expressed interest in receiving additional mental health training. Overall, ASHAs viewed the HOPE study as a necessary and effective intervention, and requested that it expand.ConclusionsThis paper discusses the perspectives of ASHAs who participated in a novel effort to extend the collaborative care model to their own communities. ASHA workers help maintain relationships with patients that encourage participation, and the efforts of ASHAs often aid in mitigating common barriers to treatment. ASHA workers’ beliefs and knowledge regarding mental illness can be changed, and ASHAs can become effective advocates for patients. Future collaborative care interventions would likely benefit from involving ASHA workers in community outreach efforts.
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Pooler, David Kenneth, and Liza Barros-Lane. "A National Study of Adult Women Sexually Abused by Clergy: Insights for Social Workers." Social Work 67, no. 2 (January 25, 2022): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sw/swac001.
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Abstract Given the paucity of research on the experiences of women who are sexually abused by clergy as adults and the advent of the #ChurchToo movement in 2017, the results of a mixed-methods national study highlight the experiences of those who survived the abuse and report on what factors are most healing in their recovery. Internet-based surveys with both quantitative and qualitative items were completed by 159 respondents. Less than 10 percent reported receiving help and support from their congregation after they reported the abuse, and about half of the respondents were blamed for the abuse and ignored by people in their congregations. In spite of the poor responses from their churches, these respondents reported positive beliefs regarding their ability to recover and heal. Mental health counseling was listed as a primary mechanism for healing. Multiple regression was used to develop a model of resilience. Faith in God was the most salient predictor. Those who survived sexual abuse need social workers who can navigate the complex set of factors and issues at the intersection of religion/spirituality, mental health treatment, and policy advocacy, including the ability to see what has been helpful about religious experiences and what has not.
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Jacobson, Gary, Allan Gibofsky, Shannan O’Hara-Levi, Archie Franklin, Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet, Melissa McGrath, and Dorothy McCabe. "AN ONLINE SURVEY AMONG US PATIENTS WITH IMMUNE-MEDIATED CONDITIONS: BELIEFS ABOUT BIOSIMILARS FROM PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE." Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 28, Supplement_1 (January 22, 2022): S101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izac015.163.
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Abstract INTRODUCTION This survey assessed biosimilar beliefs among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriasis (PsO) and/or psoriatic arthritis (PsA). We report here on patients with IBD. METHODS WebMD, LLC invited patients from the Dynata® consumer panel to participate in an online survey. US residents ≥18 years with a self-reported specialist diagnosis of IBD, RA, or PsO/A of ≥1 year were eligible. Patients with multiple conditions answered questions about 1 condition only; those with RA+IBD reported on IBD, whereas those with PsO/A+IBD reported on PsO/A, and those with RA+PsO/A reported on RA; neither the PsO/A or RA groups are included here. Those currently receiving an infliximab biosimilar were excluded. A quota of 500 was set and stratified based on US geographic region and condition (∼33% each); once quota was reached, no further surveys were administered for that region or condition. Responses were summarized descriptively. The survey received an IRB exemption by Advarra (Columbia, MD). RESULTS Per quota, 166 patients had IBD (ulcerative colitis, 72%; Crohn’s disease, 12%; both, 4%; IBD+RA, 11%). Mean age of IBD patients was 50 y; 67% were female. Overall, 36% (n=59/166) were currently on a biologic and 64% (n=107/166) were not currently on a biologic (ie, 46% [n=76/166)] were biologic naïve and 19% [n=31/166] had used biologics in the past). Among current biologic users, 61% (n=36/59) were on an anti-TNFα (adalimumab 50%; infliximab 19%; etanercept 17%). Overall, 68% (n=113/166) had not heard of a biosimilar, 22% (n=36/166) had, and 10% (n=17/166) were unsure. Current biologic users (42%) were more likely to have heard of biosimilars than those not currently using biologics (10%). Before answering additional questions, patients were shown the FDA biosimilar definition. Main concerns about biosimilars were side effects and long-term safety (Figure). Among current biologic users, 37% (n=22/59) would accept a switch to a biosimilar, 36% (n=21/59) were unsure, and 27% (n=16/59) would not switch. When those not currently using a biologic were asked their preference if their doctor prescribed a biologic, for 52% (n= 56/107) it depended on cost, 26% (n=28/107) had no preference, 11% (n=12/107) would take the biosimilar, and 10% (n= 11/107) preferred the original. When patients not currently using a biologic were asked if an original anti-TNFα was now prescribed but the insurance company required a biosimilar of that medicine, 54% (n=58/107) would accept the switch and 43% (n=46/107) were unsure. Overall, 76% of patients wanted additional information to help them learn more about biosimilars. DISCUSSION Most patients with IBD had not heard of biosimilars and most patient’s main concern was about the safety profile. Further education may help patients make informed choices about biosimilar switching or initiation.
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Regan, Áine, and Ursula Kenny. "What Do the Public Want to Know about Farming and Why? Findings from a Farmer-Initiated Public Consultation Exercise in Ireland." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (April 29, 2022): 5391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095391.
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With advances in information communication technologies and sustainability-driven changes in consumer behavior, farmer–citizen communication is a communicative dyad that is receiving attention. Farmers and citizens view farming practices through very different lenses of prior knowledge, experiences, beliefs, and values, presenting unique communication challenges. Dialogue-based communication can help to build empathy and trust. Initiated by a committee of farmers, a public consultation exercise was carried out to facilitate citizens to deliberate over farming and farming practices in Ireland to better understand their views and perspectives, and identify information needs and knowledge gaps. Employing a participatory deliberative approach, 10 focus groups were carried out with members of the public (n = 65) carefully selected to represent diverse demographics in the general population. Findings are structured around two central themes. ‘Bridging the disconnect’ reflects the strong support found across the focus groups for farmer-led dialogic communication with citizens on farming practices. ‘Understanding knowledge gaps’ revealed the nature and underlying motivations of public information needs and knowledge gaps in specific areas: (1) the basics of farming; (2) the life of the farmer; (3) minding animals; (4) minding the environment; and (5) buying local and natural. Dialogue-based communication between farmers and citizens offers opportunities for supporting connected and sustainable food and farming systems through value-driven and responsive behavior change.
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Antommaria, Armand H., and Cynthia A. Prows. "Content analysis of requests for religious exemptions from a mandatory influenza vaccination program for healthcare personnel." Journal of Medical Ethics 44, no. 6 (February 20, 2018): 389–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2017-104271.
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ObjectiveHaving failed to achieve adequate influenza vaccination rates among employees through voluntary programmes, healthcare organisations have adopted mandatory ones. Some programmes permit religious exemptions, but little is known about who requests religious objections or why.MethodsContent analysis of applications for religious exemptions from influenza vaccination at a free-standing children’s hospital in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA during the 2014–2015 influenza season.ResultsTwelve of 15 260 (0.08%) employees submitted applications requesting religious exemptions. Requestors included both clinical and non-clinical employees. All requestors voluntarily identified their religious affiliation, and most were Christian (n=9). Content analysis identified six categories of reasons used to justify an exemption: risks/benefits, ethical/political, lack of direct patient contact, providence, purity and sanctity of life. Individuals articulated reasons in 1–5 (mean 2.6) categories. The most frequently cited category (n=9) was purity; the vaccine and/or its mode of administration were impure, or receiving the vaccine would make the individual impure. Two individuals asserted that the vaccine contained cells derived from aborted human fetuses. Individuals (n=6) also volunteered information supporting the sincerity of their beliefs including distress over previous vaccination and examples of behaviour consistent with their specific objection or their general religious commitment. All requests were approved.ConclusionsLess than 0.1% of employees requested religious exemptions. Partnering with religious leaders and carefully correcting erroneous information may help address requestors’ concerns.
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Gentzler, Ryan D., Walter K. Kraft, Benjamin E. Leiby, and Joanne E. Filicko-O'Hara. "Comparing prognosis estimates of patients with cancer and their oncologists." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): e16548-e16548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e16548.
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e16548 Background: Authors have reported a discrepancy between patient (pt) and physician survival estimates in pts with advanced malignancies. Methods: Oncology pts receiving chemotherapy at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital were assessed for their prognosis estimates. Matched surveys were given to their oncologists. The primary outcome was the level of agreement between pt and physician survival estimates. Prognosis estimates were obtained by three categorical responses: < 1 year, 1–5 years, or > 5 years. Pt prognosis estimates were categorized as pessimistic, concordant, or optimistic in relation to physician estimates, and differences between pt and physician estimates were evaluated using a two-sided Stuart-Maxwell test. Secondary outcomes assessed pt perceptions related to prognosis. Results: 51 pts completed surveys, and 29 of 51 matching physician responses were obtained for the primary analysis. 1 pt was deemed ineligible. 14 (48.2%) pts were optimistic, 14 (48.2%) were concordant, and only 1 (3.4%) was pessimistic. These results demonstrate asymmetric responses for the categorical variables, and pts were more likely to be optimistic when compared to physicians’ estimates (p=0.006). Of the 50 pts completing the survey, only 44% (22) based their survival estimate on information received from their oncologist, while others listed themselves (18%, 9) or hope (6%, 3) as the source of information. The majority of pts (86%, 43) use the internet to learn about their cancer, but only 8% (4) identified the internet as their information source for choosing a prognosis estimate. A discrepancy between pts’ beliefs about curability also exists. 5 of the 20 (25%) pts who believed their disease is curable had metastatic lung, breast, or neuroendocrine pancreatic cancer. Conclusions: The findings of this study demonstrate that pts estimate longer survival when compared to physician estimates. Other results of the survey also shed light on where pts obtain information pertaining to their cancer diagnosis and pts’ beliefs about the curability of their disease. This data highlights a need for a multicenter survey to validate these conclusions and the creation of teaching tools to help pts better understand their disease and prognosis.
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Pereira, Christina Francesca, Kate Cheung, Elyse Alie, Jiahui Wong, Mary Jane Esplen, and Yvonne W. Leung. "Pathways to Acceptance in Participants of Advanced Cancer Online Support Groups." Medicina 57, no. 11 (October 27, 2021): 1168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57111168.
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Background and Objectives: Individuals with cancer, especially advanced cancer, are faced with numerous difficulties associated with the disease, including an earlier death than expected. Those who are able to confront and accept the hardships associated with the disease in a way that aligns with their beliefs benefit from more positive psychological outcomes compared to those who are aware of their diagnosis but are unable to accept it. To date, there is limited research exploring factors contributing to illness and death acceptance in the context of advanced cancer in group therapy settings. Materials and Methods: The current study used a Directed Content Analysis approach on transcripts of online advanced cancer support groups to investigate if and how Yalom’s existential factors played a role in the emergence of acceptance. Results: The online support group platform, combined with the help of facilitators, offered supportive environments for individuals seeking help with cancer-related distress by helping patients move towards acceptance. Some participants had already begun the process of accepting their diagnosis before joining the group, others developed acceptance during the group process, while a few continued to be distressed. Our analysis revealed the emergence of four themes related to illness acceptance: (1) Facilitator-Initiated Discussion, including sub-themes of Mindfulness, Relaxation and Imagery, Changing Ways of Thinking, and Spirituality; (2) Personal attitudes, including sub-themes of Optimism and Letting Go of Control; (3) Supportive Environment, including the sub-themes of Providing Support to Others and Receiving Support from Others; and (4) Existential Experience, which included sub-themes of Living with the Diagnosis for an Extended Amount of Time, Legacy and Death Preparations, and Appreciating life. Conclusions: With a paradigm shift to online delivery of psychological services, recognizing factors that contribute to acceptance when dealing with advanced cancer may help inform clinical practices. Future studies should explore patient acceptance longitudinally to inform whether it emerges progressively, which has been suggested by Kübler-Ross.
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Acharya, Uma, R. John Petheram, and Rowan Reid. "Biodiversity conservation: Officials' perceptions and discord with community forest management in Nepal." Forestry Chronicle 81, no. 3 (June 1, 2005): 387–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc81387-3.
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Two topics receiving much attention in design of forest policy and management in Nepal are conservation of biodiversity and participation of forest-local people. Government officials, forest users and development workers are all involved in shaping policy for the management of forest for biodiversity and other values. It is therefore crucial to understand the different viewpoints about biodiversity among these stakeholders. This paper is derived from a broad case study on the views of various stakeholders in community forestry in Nepal, but is focused on understanding the views of policy-level government officials in regards to biodiversity conservation. Using a grounded theory approach, qualitative data were collected on two field visits in 2002–2003 to the study area. The results of interviews with officials indicate diverse perspectives in interpreting biodiversity conservation. These include perceptions of forest users' understanding about diversity, and strong beliefs about definition of biodiversity and about dependence of users on forest for their livelihood. Implications of the results include an obvious need for better understanding by staff at various levels of government and other agencies involved in community forestry, of the different concepts and views held about biodiversity conservation. A broader understanding among officials of biodiversity and deeper knowledge of other's views on biodiversity conservation could help in designing and implementing policies and programs in the context of community forest management. Key words: views, perceptions, understanding, community, forestry, users, government officials, policy, qualitative method
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Esquerra-Zwiers, Anita, Beverly Rossman, Paula Meier, Janet Engstrom, Judy Janes, and Aloka Patel. "“It’s Somebody Else’s Milk”." Journal of Human Lactation 32, no. 1 (November 20, 2015): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890334415617939.
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Background: Pasteurized donor human milk (DHM), rather than preterm infant formula, is recommended for premature infants when mother’s milk is not available. Objective: This study explored the maternal decision-making process in providing consent for DHM feedings. Methods: In-depth semistructured interviews were conducted with 20 mothers of premature (mean gestational age = 27 weeks, birth weight = 942 grams) infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in this qualitative, descriptive study. Conventional content analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: Although only 1 mother had any previous knowledge of DHM, all mothers provided consent for DHM because they “wanted what is best for my baby.” Mothers trusted that DHM was better than formula when their infant’s feeding requirements exceeded their own milk supply. However, most mothers described a tension between wanting their infants to receive only “their” milk and DHM being “somebody else’s milk.” This desire to be the only provider of human milk was more common than concerns about the quality and safety of DHM. The mothers’ tension was mediated by trusting the NICU clinicians’ recommendations, having adequate time to make an informed decision, observing the positive outcomes of DHM, and feeling empowered that they made the best decision for their infant. Conclusion: The experiences of these mothers reflect the importance of approaching mothers for consent only when DHM is needed, respecting mothers’ beliefs and values about DHM, and providing help in mediating any tension with regard to their infants receiving “somebody else’s milk.”
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Robinson, Ayanna, Marsha Davis, Jori Hall, Carolyn Lauckner, and Alex Kojo Anderson. "It Takes an E-Village: Supporting African American Mothers in Sustaining Breastfeeding Through Facebook Communities." Journal of Human Lactation 35, no. 3 (March 19, 2019): 569–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890334419831652.
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Background: Lack of breastfeeding support is a common barrier reported by African American mothers, whose breastfeeding rates remain significantly below the national average. Despite mothers’ reported use of social network sites to access support on topics relating to child rearing, few studies have examined their use to exchange breastfeeding support. Research aims: To describe (1) the experiences of African American mothers who participate in breastfeeding support groups on Facebook and (2) the breastfeeding beliefs, practices, and outcomes for this population of mothers. Methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional qualitative study with an online focus group design. The study was guided by Black Feminist Thought and an integrated model of behavior prediction. Four online focus groups ( N = 22) were conducted using video conferencing during September 2017 with African American mothers who were participating in breastfeeding support groups on Facebook. Results: Thematic analysis was used to develop four themes and two subthemes, including creating a community for Black mothers, online interactions and levels of engagement, advantages of participating in online support groups, critiques of online support groups, empowerment of self and others, and shifts in breastfeeding perceptions and decisions. Among participants in this study, positive imagery of African American breastfeeding mothers and ongoing support from women with shared experiences improved confidence with public breastfeeding and prolonged goals for breastfeeding duration. Conclusion: Receiving peer support within Facebook communities may positively influence breastfeeding norms and confidence in breastfeeding, help mothers to overcome breastfeeding challenges, and ultimately extend intended breastfeeding duration.
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Tudor, Tania Elena, and Lucia Maria Lotrean. "Opinions and Practices Regarding Electronic Cigarette Use among Middle School Students from Rural Areas of Romania." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 12 (June 16, 2022): 7372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127372.
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Background: The objectives of the study were to assess awareness, opinions, and practices regarding electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use, as well as factors associated with their use, among middle-school aged students from rural areas of Romania. Methods: The study sample included 748 middle-school students aged 13–14 years from 24 schools from rural areas situated in two counties from Romania, after receiving parental consent. A cross-sectional study using confidential questionnaires which assessed smoking-related behaviors, and also opinions and practices related to e-cigarettes use, was performed in 2019 among the participating middle-schoolers. Results: 96.3% of the middle schoolers have heard about e-cigarettes. A percentage of 72.7% of the smokers, 50.8% of the ex-smokers, and 15.4% of the non-smokers had tried e-cigarettes at least once in their life; 20.3% of the smokers, 4.8% of the ex-smokers, and 4.5% of the non-smokers reported using e-cigarettes in the last month. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis pointed out that e-cigarette use at least once during lifetime was associated with having friends who tried e-cigarettes, having stronger beliefs that they can help quit smoking and that they are less dangerous than traditional cigarettes. The intention to use e-cigarettes in the next year and smoking behavior were also correlated with e-cigarettes experimentation, while no gender differences were found. Conclusions: The results underline the importance of having prevention programs and interventions concerning e-cigarettes consumption, since e-cigarettes consumption is spread among Romanian adolescents from rural areas.
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Majumder, P., P. Vostanis, and M. O’Reilly. "Barriers for unaccompanied refugee minors in accessing mental health care: Is it the therapy or the therapist?" European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.297.
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IntroductionRefugee children, particularly unaccompanied refugee minors, present with disproportionately high prevalence of mental health and emotional difficulties. However, the mental health service access and treatment engagement of this vulnerable group has been consistently shown to be poorer than the general population. Despite of this, so far there hasn’t been much research to explore the possible underlying reasons or barriers for these young people to access mental health service in their host countries.Aims and objectivesThis research aims to understand unaccompanied refugee children's barriers to access and utilize mental health services. To explore any potential characteristics in the service provision that can be linked with the observed poor treatment engagement and service access is also an objective of this study.MethodsThe study was conducted by using semi-structured interviews with 15 unaccompanied asylum seeking minors and their carers to elicit their views, perceptions and beliefs based on their experience of receiving treatment from a specialist mental health service in the UK.ResultsThe interview transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. The main findings were categorised into two broad themes, the participants’ perceptions of the intervention received, and perception of the professionals involved. The different elements and pertinent issues within these two broad areas were discussed.ConclusionsFindings will help stimulate further exploratory research gaining better understanding of the barriers for these young people to access treatment, and contribute in developing innovative services that are more efficient in engaging this vulnerable group and suitable to meet their specific needs.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Muñoz-Rubilar, C. Amparo, María Vanessa Hormazábal Bustamantea, Carlos De las Cuevas, Natalia Rodriguez Novo, Moisés Betancort, Patrick Stefan Kermit, and Mariela L. Lara-Cabrera. "NURSING STUDENT’S VIEWS ON THE DUTY OF CARE: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN TWO COUNTRIES." International Journal of Person Centered Medicine 11, no. 2 (January 23, 2023): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/ijpcm.v11i2.1082.
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Background: The shortage of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic made it necessary to recruit nursing students to provide care. Although research suggests that the care that students provided was invaluable, their views on ethical concerns and dilemmas related to the duty of care remain unexplored.Objectives: Using predefined hypotheses, a cross-sectional study was conducted to explore students’ well-being and views on the duty of care.Method: Between May and June 2020, Chilean and Spanish nursing students participated in a web-based survey, including the 5-Item WHO Well-Being Index (WHO-5) and views on the duty of care reported through a scale related to beliefs about pandemics. Student’s t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, χ2 tests, and multivariable log-linear analysis were used to explore differences between nursing students in Spain and Chile and to examine the relationships between categorical variables.Results: Students (N = 183) from both countries self-reported low levels of psychological well-being (WHO-5, M = 10.8, SD = 4.3). Concerning ethical statements, although most students from both countries (71%) agreed that nurses and doctors have a duty of care, significant differences were found concerning the statement that every healthcare worker has a duty to work during a health emergency (39% agreement in Chile and 74% in Spain; p < 0.001).Conclusions: Students reported emotional and ethical challenges associated with the pandemic. Besides receiving help to deal with ethical challenges and given that a significant proportion of students from both countries reported low well-being, we recommend developing strategies to mitigate and enhance students’ well-being.