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1

Oviedo, Alvaro. "Des champs de forces : György Kurtág, Helmut Lachenmann et la question du geste musical." Paris 8, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA083452.

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Cette recherche interroge les œuvres de György Kurtág et de Helmut Lachenmann à travers une notion de geste musical déclinée selon trois dimensions complémentaires : celle du jeu instrumental et vocal, celle des éléments expressifs cristallisés dans le matériau, celle, enfin, de la forme en tant que processus dynamique. Avec la catégorie du geste il s’agit rendre compte du caractère énergétique de deux approches qui partent, dans la composition de l’œuvre, des actions du musicien dans l’interprétation, tout en tenant compte de la capacité de la musique à absorber ce qui lui est étranger sans pour autant jamais se figer en une simple reproduction de ce qu’elle incorpore du dehors. L’une des tâches les plus urgentes auxquelles la composition musicale a dû s’attaquer depuis l’abolition de la tonalité est celle d’inventer de nouvelles forces organisatrices de la forme, affranchies de l’ancien langage mais aussi de nouvelles contraintes générales et abstraites que l’écriture s’imposerait à elle-même. Les compositeurs György Kurtág et Helmut Lachenmann, que rien ne semble apparemment réunir, affrontent cette problématique sans éviter les contradictions qu’elle génère. Le « ton » de leurs musiques, la qualité propre à une voix inscrite à même le tissu de l’œuvre, relève d’un geste qui guide le déroulement temporel de la forme musicale. La notion de « geste », telle que nous la concevons, apparaît alors comme un outil qui permettrait de mieux approcher, de manière sensible, cette dimension du musical
This research examines György Kurtág’s and Helmut Lachenmann’s works through the analyse of a concept of musical gesture including three complementary dimensions. The first one is the instrumental and (vocal) action which is a fundemental aspect of the music of both composers. The second dimension to explore reveals how the expressifs elements can be crystallized in the musical material. At last, I examine the musical form as a dynamic process. By the analysis of the concept of musical gesture I can investigate the energetic character of Kurtág’s and Lachenmann’s music. This approach reveals how the composers work on the musician actions for the interpretation. At the same time, it shows the power of the music to absorbe extra-musical dimensions without fixing itself into a mere reproduction of these foreigns elements. Since the abolition of tonal music, composition tried to invent new forces to organize the form, liberating itself from old musical structures and new abstracts and generals constraints of writing. Indeed, György Kurtág and Helmut Lachenmann, whom nothing seems apparently bring togheter, work on this problem without avoiding the contradictions that this question generates. The « tone » of their music, the qualitiy of a voice as it deploies into the musical texture, is a matter of a gesture that guides the temporal development of musical form. The notion of « gesture », as we known it, appears then as a tool that allow a sensitive approach to this dimension of music
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2

Dietze, Carola Plessner Helmuth. "Nachgeholtes Leben : Helmuth Plessner ; 1892 - 1985 /." Göttingen : Wallstein-Verl, 2007. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2815464&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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3

Dietze, Carola. "Nachgeholtes Leben Helmuth Plessner 1892 - 1985." Göttingen Wallstein-Verl, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2815464&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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4

Zimmermann-Bolzer, Marion Christine. "L'oeuvre poétique de Walter Helmut Fritz." Strasbourg 2, 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/ZIMMERMANN-BOLZER_Marion_Christine_2007.pdf.

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Walter Helmut Fritz est l’un des poètes majeurs de la poésie allemande après 1945. Son œuvre s’articule notamment autour de la problématique de la fonction poétique. Trois axes se révèlent essentiels : la redécouverte du sensible, la quête du sens et le renouvellement de l’écriture poétique. Cependant, la modernité de cette œuvre réside moins dans les thèmes abordés (la nature, l’amour, la vie quotidienne, la finitude, les apparences paradoxales) que dans leur traduction en poésie et la revalorisation de la dimension éthique. Le renouveau des facultés perceptives se dégage alors comme priorité. De plus, la quête poétique de W. H. Fritz s’inscrit dans un contexte littéraire, historique et esthétique plus vaste, d’emblée présent à travers ses traductions et ses poèmes en prose, et souligné par un réseau de filiations (européennes, notamment françaises), sans oublier les relations de prédilection qu’établit cette poésie avec la peinture, la phénoménologie et la philosophie existentialiste
Walter Helmut Fritz is one of the major poets in German poetry after 1945. Of particular interest in his works is the notion of poetic function. Three essential aspects stand out : the rediscovery of the sensitive, the quest of essence and the renewal of poetic writing. However, the modernity of his works consists less in the themes (nature, love, daily live, finitude, paradoxical appearances) than in their poetical transposition. Consequently, the renewal of perception appears as the most important aspect. Moreover, W. H. Fritz’ poetic quest is embedded in a wide literary, historical and aesthetic context mainly visible trough his translations and prose poems, and emphazised by the numerous filiations (european, especially french) as well as the fundamental links between this poetry and painting, phenomenology and existentialist philosophy
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5

Welge, Helmut [Verfasser], Rüdiger vom Akademischer Betreuer] Bruch, and Alexander [Akademischer Betreuer] [Nützenadel. "Wissenschaftsfinanzierung im Dritten Reich : eine Untersuchung zur Etatentwicklung und materiellen Ausstattung der Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Berlin von 1933 - 1945 / Helmut Welge. Gutachter: Rüdiger vom Bruch ; Alexander Nützenadel." Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät I, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1048121828/34.

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6

Magas, Gregory. "Nazi crimes and German reactions : an analysis of reactions and attitudes within the German resistance to the persecution of Jews in German-controlled lands, 1933-1944, with a focus on the writings of Carl Goerdeler, Ulrich von Hassell and Helmuth von Moltke." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30187.

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This thesis is broadly concerned with how individuals within German society, the German Resistance to Hitler and the German military reacted to persecution of Jews in Germany before the start of the Second World War and also to reports of German atrocities within German-controlled areas of Europe during the conflict.
The specific focus of this study is an examination of the personal sentiments contained in the writings of Carl Goerdeler, Ulrich von Hassell and Helmuth von Moltke and the recorded reactions to the various and intensifying stages of Nazi persecution of Jews within German-controlled territory. These particular individuals were chosen, as a significant portion of their writings, in the form of diary entries, letters and memoranda have been published and offer a glimpse of personal sentiments and thoughts unaltered by the censors of the Nazi regime. In addition, this study examines the reactions of two German officers, Johannes Blaskowitz and Rudolf-Christoph von Gersdorff, to German atrocities committed in German-occupied Eastern Europe. Their reactions to and courageous protests against Nazi crimes are also a significant part of the overall context of German reactions to Nazi crimes. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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7

Kirk, Dylan. "After battle, tighten your helmet strings, the development of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1875-1905." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ65037.pdf.

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8

Gaillard, Marion. "La politique allemande de François Mitterrand (1981-1995)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007IEPP0001.

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Lorsqu’il arrive à l’Elysée en mai 1981, François Mitterrand souhaite prendre ses distances par rapport à la notion d’ « axe » franco-allemand. Pourtant, il réalise rapidement que les intérêts de la France sont intimement liés à l’Allemagne. En outre, son choix de rester dans le SME en mars 1983 le conduit à faire de l’Europe la priorité de sa présidence, ce qui passe par une entente solide avec Bonn. C’est donc en tandem avec Helmut Kohl qu’il relance la construction européenne en 1984. A partir de là, les deux hommes n’ont de cesse de travailler en commun, tant au plan communautaire que bilatéral, en développant la coopération entre leurs deux pays, jusque dans le domaine de la défense. La réunification allemande, source de tensions entre Paris et Bonn, ne remet pourtant pas fondamentalement en cause leur bonne entente. C’est encore ensemble que François Mitterrand et Helmut Kohl mettent sur les rails le traité de Maastricht, et ce malgré des désaccords importants sur la question yougoslave. Au terme de son mandat, le président français, en retrait sur la question européenne, s’emploie surtout à léguer l’image d’une amitié solide entre la France et l’Allemagne. Cette thèse vise à montrer que la politique allemande de François Mitterrand s’inscrit dans sa vision globale de ce que sont les intérêts de la France, c’est-à-dire le maintien de la paix à travers la réconciliation avec l’Allemagne et l’intensification de la construction européenne, dont Bonn est par ailleurs la clé. Le couple franco-allemand est ainsi un outil au service de l’Europe, qui est elle-même conçue comme le levier de la puissance française et l’assurance d’un avenir pacifique
When he became President of the Republic in May 1981, FM wished to distance himself from the concept of the" Franco-German alliance". However he quickly realised that France's interests were closely connected to Germany. Besides, his choice that France should remain in the European Monetary system in March 1983 led him to give priority to Europe during his presidency, which meant building up a strong relationship with Germany. Together with Helmut Kohl he revived the construction of the European community in 1984. From then on, both men kept working closely together at European as well as bilateral level, developing cooperation between the two countries, including in defence matters. German reunification, though a source of tension between Paris and Bonn, did not damage their relationship. Together again, François Mitterrand and Helmut Kohl put the Maastricht Treaty on the track, despite significant disagreements on the Yugoslav question. At the end of his second term the French president, while keeping a lower profile on the European question, mainly endeavoured to bequeath the image of a strong friendship between France and Germany. This thesis aims to show that François Mitterrand's German policy is part of his whole vision of France's interests - namely, keeping peace through reconciliation with Germany and the strengthening of the European construction for which Bonn also holds the key. The Franco-German alliance is thus a tool to serve Europe which is itself seen as the lever of France's power and the assurance of a peaceful future
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9

Goltz, Maren [Verfasser], Helmut [Akademischer Betreuer] Loos, and Christoph [Gutachter] Hust. "Anlagen 2-4 zu Maren Goltz: Musikstudium in der Diktatur – Das Landeskonservatorium der Musik / die Staatliche Hochschule für Musik Leipzig in der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus 1933–1945 / Maren Goltz ; Gutachter: Christoph Hust ; Betreuer: Helmut Loos." Leipzig : Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1238241190/34.

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10

Künnecke, Arndt. "Auf der Suche nach dem Kern des Naturrechts : ein Vergleich der schwachen säkularen Naturrechtslehren Radbruchs, Coings, Harts, Welzels und Fullers ab 1945 /." Hamburg : Kovač, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/371116120.pdf.

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11

Queirós, Janete. "INTELECTUAIS E EDUCAÇÃO NA DIOCESE DE GUARAPUAVA: DISCURSOS DE DOM HELMEL E DOM CAVALLIN (1965-1992)." UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2012. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/1331.

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Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T20:31:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JANETE QUEIROZ.pdf: 3255210 bytes, checksum: 17fb36ac39ad9d2b202d6620877a4713 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-30
This dissertation analyzes the theological-political project of the Diocese of Guarapuava in the period within 1965 and 1992, particularly the pastoral actions of D. Frederick D. and Helmel Albano Bortoletto Cavallin. The analytical perspective is situated within the history of education, specifically in Intellectual History, in which the bishops are understood as intellectuals of the religious field, who support the use of religion in their community, and shall strengthen the teaching population education. Specifically, the research objectives are to reconstruct some aspects of the creation and installation of DG and discuss which educational practices the prelates developed to expand and maintain the legitimacy of the Catholic Church among the people of God, emphasizing the historical aspects that show the inclusion of DG in the organizational structure of Catholicism in Brazil, advocated by the Vatican and clergy organizations in Latin America and Brazil.The research is based on Pierre Bourdieu, particularly in the field concepts and strategy as well as in the Book Tombo, Diocesan Bulletin and newspapers from Guarapuava, which allowed us to discuss the political project of DG-pastoral, emphasizing the struggles waged in the religious field, without disregard the relations with other fields of the social world. Under the light of these concepts and the historical sources it can be argued that the installation of the diocese was a strategy of the Catholic Church to defend the Catholicism as a religion of social prestige in the social environment and ensure closer ties between clergy and the people of God. More precisely, the pastoral actions created in DG had a direct relationship with the guidelines coming from the Vatican and with the decisions taken in CNBB, although the prelates of Guarapuava have given peculiar directions to the actions undertaken in DG. Those actions of DG consisted in the creation of Diocesan Bulletin, institutional expansion, foundation of the Diocesan Seminary, Biblical Circles, investment in training of young Catholics, Catechisms and Religious Education in schools, which emphasized a view of the world more concerned with spiritual values, that is, with the Kingdom of God. However, you can also say that DG was involved, although less intense, with social problems, or problems with the world of men, particularly when making complaints and criticisms against the misery and promoting the protection and enhancement of human rights. Therefore, these postures, apparently ambiguous and contradictory, highlight the dilemmas experienced by the prelates of the DG, because they sometimes took a conservative position to defend the traditional precepts of the Catholic Church, sometimes one of progressive character, positioning themselves in defense of social justice.
Esta dissertação analisa o projeto político-teológico da Diocese de Guarapuava, no período circunscrito entre 1965 e 1992, particularmente as ações pastorais de D. Frederico Helmel e D. Albano Bortoletto Cavallin. A perspectiva analítica situa-se no âmbito da História da Educação, especificamente na História Intelectual, na qual, os bispos são compreendidos como intelectuais do campo religioso, os quais sustentam o uso da religião na sua comunidade, devendo reforçar os ensinamentos educativos à população. Em termos mais específicos, os objetivos da pesquisa consistem em reconstituir alguns aspectos do processo de criação e instalação da DG e discutir quais práticas educativas os prelados desenvolveram para expandir e manter a legitimidade da Igreja Católica entre o povo de Deus, privilegiando aspectos históricos que evidenciam a inserção da DG na estrutura de organização do catolicismo no Brasil, preconizada pelo Vaticano e pelas organizações do clero latino-americano e brasileiro. Apoia-se em Pierre Bourdieu, principalmente nos conceitos de campo e estratégia, bem como no Livro Tombo, Boletim Diocesano e jornais de Guarapuava, os quais nos permitem discutir o projeto político-pastoral da DG, enfatizando as lutas travadas no campo religioso, sem desconsiderar as relações com outros campos do mundo social. À luz desses conceitos e das fontes históricas é possível sustentar que a instalação da diocese foi uma estratégia da Igreja Católica para defender o catolicismo como religião de prestígio no mundo social e garantir a aproximação entre clero e povo de Deus. Em termos mais precisos, as ações pastorais criadas na DG tinham relação direta com as orientações vindas do Vaticano e com as decisões tomadas na CNBB, embora os prelados de Guarapuava tenham dado sentidos peculiares às ações empreendidas na DG. Tais ações da DG consistiram na criação do Boletim Diocesano, expansão institucional, fundação do Seminário Diocesano, Círculos Bíblicos, investimento na formação dos jovens católicos, Catequese e Ensino Religioso nas escolas, as quais enfatizavam uma visão de mundo mais preocupada com os valores espirituais, isto é, com o Reino de Deus. Entretanto, é possível afirmar também que a DG esteve envolvida, embora de modo menos intenso, com os problemas sociais, ou seja, com os problemas do mundo dos homens, particularmente ao fazer denúncias e críticas contra a situação de miséria e promover a defesa e valorização dos direitos humanos. Portanto, essas posturas, aparentemente ambíguas e contraditórias, evidenciam os dilemas vivenciados pelos prelados da DG, pois ora tomaram posições de caráter conservador ao defender os preceitos tradicionais da Igreja Católica, ora de caráter progressista ao posicionarem-se em defesa da justiça social.
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12

Dirakis, Alexis. "Fondements et limites anthropologiques du social." Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN1696.

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Cette recherche a pour objet l'articulation entre les dimensions anthropologiques et sociologiques de l'anthropologie philosophique de Helmuth Plessner (1892-1985). Elles procèdent selon trois axes. Je m'efforce (1) d'offrir une synthèse de l'anthropologie philosophique plessnerienne afin (2) de reconstituer les conditions de possibilité du social au stade humain de l'organique. Le troisième axe (3) correspond, enfin, à l'analyse des limites structurelles du social à partir de ses deux dimensions constitutives : l'individuel (limites ontogénétiques, comportementales et inter-personnelles) et le collectif (limites culturelles, intra- et inter-culturelles)
This research focuses on the relationship between anthropological and sociological dimensions of philosophical anthropology of Helmuth Plessner (1892-1985). It proceeds along three axes. This research try to (1) provide a synthesis of plessnerian philosophical anthropology (2) in order to reconstruct the social conditions of possibility of the human stage of the organic (“die menschliche Stufe des Organischen”). Finally, the third axis (3) is dedicated to the analysis of the structural limits ("Grenzen") of the social from two of its constituent dimensions: the individual limits (as ontogenetic, behavioral and interpersonal limitations) and the collective limits (as cultural, intra- and inter-cultural boundaries)
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13

Lister, Robin A. "An examination of the psychology of faith through the theologies of Paul Tillich, H. Richard Niebuhr and Wilfred Cantwell Smith : together with its implication for the construction of a universal theology." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13466.

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The subject of faith has long been a subject of study for both theologians, whose prime concern has usually been with the nature and object of a particular faith, and philosophers of religion who have been more concerned with the relationship between faith and reason. This thesis differs from both such approaches in that its primary aim is to examine the psychological structure, functions and experience of the general phenomenon of human faith; that need to trust, be loyal to and centre one's life in something outside of oneself, It should not be identified with any one school of psychological theory; rather, its intention is to use a psychological description of faith to enhance the theological understanding of faith. Its methodology is to examine the psychology that underlies three particular theologians' understandings of faith: Paul Tillich, H, Richard Niebuhr and Wilfred Cantwell Smith. In addition to examining the psychology of faith, a second aim is to examine what the present author sees as a practical implication of such a psychological understanding of faith as expounded by W. C. Smith in his proposal for the construction of a universal theology. Chapter One is a general introduction to the thesis, a definition of terms and a brief examination of the place a psychology of faith has in the wider field of the psychology of religion. Chapters Two, Three and Four follow a similar format: each is a separate examination of the psychology that underlies Tillich's, Niebuhr's and Smith's understandings of faith respectively. In the case of Tillich and Niebuhr a differentiation is made between an objective psychological understanding of faith which concerns the functions and structure of faith and a subjective understanding which concerns the experience of faith. Chapter Five is in the form of a conclusion and proposes a uniform understanding of the psychology of faith based on the previous three authors. It also examines the main discrepancy between the authors' understandings of faith in their descriptions of the final object and source of faith. Following Chapter Five is a Postscript which examines W. C. Smith's proposal for the construction of a universal theology which the present author sees as a practical application of understanding faith psychologically.
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14

Abouelmaati, Sherif Abdelfattah Abdelaziz [Verfasser], Helmut [Akademischer Betreuer] Peitsch, and Iwan-Michelangelo [Akademischer Betreuer] D'Aprile. "Intellektuellen-Rolle in Günter Grass Werken : „Die Plebejer proben den Aufstand“(1966), „Örtlich betäubt“(1969), „Aus dem Tagebuch einer Schnecke“(1972), und „Ein weites Feld“(1995) / Sherif Abdelfattah Abdelaziz Abouelmaati ; Helmut Peitsch, Iwan-Michelangelo D'Aprile." Potsdam : Universität Potsdam, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1218402156/34.

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15

Hildeby, Kellgren Filip. "Ungdomsvåldets utveckling i de tre storstadslänen : En statistisk jämförelse av ungdomsvåldets utveckling, nivå och trend i Stockholms, Västra Götalands och Skåne län, samt Sverige i sin helhet mellan åren 1995 och 2008." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kriminologiska institutionen, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-63435.

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Syftet med denna studie är att utifrån befintlig officiell kriminalstatistik, självdeklarationsundersökningen i årskurs nio, SCB:s Undersökning av levnadsförhållanden och Brå:s Nationella trygghetsundersökning belysa och jämföra ungdomsvåldets utveckling i Stockholms, Västra Götalands och Skåne län mellan åren 1995 och 2008 och sedan jämföra de resultaten med statistiken för hela Sverige. Resultatet av dessa statistiska data ämnar jag analysera, diskutera och problematisera utifrån tidigare forskning i ämnet, sambandet mellan alkohol och våld och urbaniseringens inverkan på, och samband med våldsbrott. De frågeställningar som studien är tänkt att besvara är följande: - Hur har ungdomsvåldet utvecklats i Stockholms, Västra Götalands och Skåne län mellan åren 1995 och 2008? - Hur ser denna utveckling ut i förhållande till statistiken gällande Sveriges riksnivå under samma period? - Vilka skillnader eller likheter går att finna dels mellan de tre länen och dels mellan länen och hela Sverige under nämnda period? Sammanfattningsvis tyder studiens resultat inte på någon ökning av antal våldsbrott som begås av ungdomar under perioden 1995-2008. Utsattheten för våld eller hot bland ungdomar ser inte heller ut att ha ökat under samma period. Dessa resultat gäller för samtliga län och även för hela Sverige. Vid de få tillfällen någon källa tyder på en viss uppåtgående trend, rör det sig oftast om en mer eller mindre försumbar sådan. Istället finns det data som indikerar en viss minskning av självrapporterat ungdomsvåld. Däremot verkar det som att samtliga storstadslän som studerats i studien och även Sverige som land, visar på ett ökande antal 15-20 åringar misstänkta för misshandel (inklusive grov sådan) sedan millennieskiftet. Det är dock tveksamt om detta indikerar någon verklig ökning av ungdomsvåldet. Dessutom ligger antalet för misshandel misstänkta 15-20 åringar per 10 000 på en lägre nivå år 2008 i både Stockholms och Västra Götalands län jämfört med år 1995.
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16

Magas, Gregory. "Nazi crimes and German reactions, an analysis of reactions and attitudes within the German Resistance to the persecution of Jews in German-controlled lands, 1933-1944, with the focus on the writings of Carl Goerdeler, Ulrich von Hassell and Helmuth von Moltke." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ64169.pdf.

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Lokau, Walter H. [Verfasser]. "Die gescheiterte Institutionalisierung : eine kritische Bilanz der Rezeption zeitgenössischer Keramik in Deutschland nach 1945 / vorgelegt von Walter Helmut Lokau." 2008. http://d-nb.info/999301349/34.

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18

Kalal, Peter. "As Written: Literary Configurations of Musical Ineffability in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries." Thesis, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-9e46-1406.

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As Written presents an investigation of selected literary configurations of musical ineffability in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. By putting literary parables into constellation with media technologies and texts from philosophy, critical theory, aesthetics, and media theory, the dissertation seeks to better understand the ways in which literature engages, discloses, disrupts, and determines musical discourse at times of aesthetic, political, and technological shift. The dissertation begins by establishing the “cryptographic” ineffable that emerges in early German Romanticism through readings of Novalis. These readings suggest this formulation of ineffability to arise out of an instrumentalization of instrumental music that emphasizes the symbolic relations of musical notation over music’s sound—this in service of a literary and philosophical project that strives to transcend its own medial and epistemological limits. Subsequent chapters will analyze alternative configurations of ineffability in writings by Richard Wagner, Theodor Adorno, Thomas Mann, and Helmut Lachenmann, but vestiges of this “originary” Romantic configuration will remain. Indeed, while the literary texts analyzed in these later chapters will respond to the medial, technical, and technological developments of their historical contexts, more than merely disclosing discursive formulations of musical ineffability, they, like Novalis’ Heinrich von Ofterdingen, will be shown to enact these formulations in forms of linguistic, sonic, and material absence through their complex narratologies and poetologies. How, this dissertation will ask, might literature’s ability to accommodate changing contexts in these configurations ultimately suggest musical ineffability as a conduit through which a music-discursive tradition that emerges in literature around 1800 is able to preserve itself into the twentieth century?
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Gagnon, Frédérick. "Les sénateurs qui changent le monde : l'évolution de l'influence du président de la Commission du sénat américain sur les relations extérieures après 1945." Thèse, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1275/1/D1696.pdf.

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L'influence du président de la commission du Sénat américain sur les Relations extérieures (Senate Foreign Relations Committee ou CSRE) a-t-elle inéluctablement diminué depuis 1945? Le président de la CSRE joue-t-il toujours un rôle déterminant dans la formulation et la conduite de la politique étrangère américaine? Ces questions animent plusieurs experts du Congrès des États-Unis et guident notre thèse. Décrivant l'expérience de quatre sénateurs qui ont occupé la tête de la CSRE depuis la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, soit Arthur Vandenberg (1947-1949), J. William Fulbright (1959-1975), Jesse Helms (1995-2001) et Joe Biden (2007-présent), nous recourons à une approche récente de la politique intérieure américaine - l'étude du développement politique américain (American Political Development) - pour formuler trois conclusions à propos de l'influence du président de la CSRE sur la politique étrangère américaine après 1945. D'abord, les experts du Congrès ont tort d'affirmer que l'impact du président de la CSRE sur la politique étrangère n'a cessé de diminuer depuis 1945. Non seulement ces experts n'offrent-ils pas d'indicateurs précis pour mesurer le déclin du président de la CSRE, mais nos propres indicateurs et observations contredisent leur thèse linéaire et simpliste. Vandenberg, Fulbright, Helms et Biden se sont effectivement démarqués par rapport aux autres sénateurs qui ont occupé la tête de la CSRE depuis 1945, ce qui mine l'argument voulant que l'influence du président de la CSRE a décru de manière inéluctable. Ensuite, à l'aide d'une approche à trois niveaux d'analyse, nous utilisons les cas de Vandenberg, Fulbright, Helms et Biden pour développer une théorie de l'influence du président de la CSRE. À notre avis, les expériences de ces quatre sénateurs sont comparables et démontrent que les présidents de la CSRE qui marquent le plus l'histoire possèdent les trois caractéristiques suivantes, sans exception: a) ils dirigent la CSRE lors d'une période cruciale de la politique étrangère américaine, c'est-à-dire lorsqu'un événement international d'envergure les incite à s'imposer dans les débats à Washington (niveau international); b) ils oeuvrent dans un environnement institutionnel et sociétal qui favorise leur réussite (niveau national); et c) ils ont les intérêts, les aptitudes et les convictions nécessaires pour exercer un fort leadership au Congrès et face au président américain (niveau individuel). À notre avis, l'histoire se souvient moins des autres présidents de la CSRE parce qu'ils ne répondaient pas à un ou à plusieurs de ces critères. Qui plus est, notre thèse porte à croire que les présidents de la CSRE qui risquent le plus de marquer la politique étrangère à l'avenir sont également ceux qui rempliront ces trois conditions. Enfin, faisant la distinction entre les actions législatives (introduction de projets de loi et d'amendements, adoption des budgets, votes législatifs, etc.) et non législatives (apparitions télévisuelles, lettres au président américain, conférences publiques, etc.) du président de la CSRE, nous démontrons que les experts du Congrès ont tort de croire que l'influence législative des sénateurs est plus importante que leur influence non législative. Certes, l'influence législative permet au président de la CSRE d'exercer un poids plus significatif et direct sur la politique étrangère que les apparitions télévisuelles, sites Internet ou encore discours au Sénat. Or, les présidents de la CSRE n'ont pas le choix de recourir aux outils non législatifs pour garantir l'adoption de leurs projets de loi. L'influence non législative est donc un préalable à l'influence législative. À ce titre, Fulbright, Helms et Biden ont marqué l'histoire parce qu'ils ont su faire preuve d'innovation: ils ont créé de nouveaux outils non législatifs qui, comme les apparitions télévisuelles, les manoeuvres dilatoires et les apparitions sur Internet, ont permis au président de la CSRE de continuer à s'imposer dans les débats à Washington malgré l'avènement de la « présidence impériale » et l'évolution du contexte socio-politique américain. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Congrès des États-Unis, Sénat des États-Unis, Commission du Sénat sur les Relations extérieures, Politique étrangère des États-Unis, Politique intérieure des États-Unis, Arthur Vandenberg, J. William Fulbright, Jesse Helms, Joe Biden.
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