Journal articles on the topic 'Helmets'
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1
Wang, Fang, Ke Peng, Tiefang Zou, Qiqi Li, Fan Li, Xinghua Wang, Jiapeng Wang, and Zhou Zhou. "Numerical Reconstruction of Cyclist Impact Accidents: Can Helmets Protect the Head-Neck of Cyclists?" Biomimetics 8, no. 6 (September 27, 2023): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8060456.
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Cyclists are vulnerable road users and often suffer head-neck injuries in car–cyclist accidents. Wearing a helmet is currently the most prevalent protection method against such injuries. Today, there is an ongoing debate about the ability of helmets to protect the cyclists’ head-neck from injury. In the current study, we numerically reconstructed five real-world car–cyclist impact accidents, incorporating previously developed finite element models of four cyclist helmets to evaluate their protective performances. We made comparative head-neck injury predictions for unhelmeted and helmeted cyclists. The results show that helmets could clearly lower the risk of severe (AIS 4+) brain injury and skull fracture, as assessed by the predicted head injury criterion (HIC), while a relatively limited decrease in AIS 4+ brain injury risk can be achieved in terms of the analysis of CSDM0.25. Assessment using the maximum principal strain (MPS0.98) and head impact power (HIP) criteria suggests that helmets could lower the risk of diffuse axonal injury and subdural hematoma of the cyclist. The helmet efficacy in neck protection depends on the impact scenario. Therefore, wearing a helmet does not seem to cause a significant neck injury risk level increase to the cyclist. Our work presents important insights into the helmet’s efficacy in protecting the head-neck of cyclists and motivates further optimization of protective equipment.
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Chen, Lin, Zixuan Yu, Benhua Fei, Chaoyang Lin, Changhua Fang, Huanrong Liu, Xinxin Ma, Xiubiao Zhang, and Fengbo Sun. "Study on Performance and Structural Design of Bamboo Helmet." Forests 13, no. 7 (July 12, 2022): 1091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13071091.
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The helmet is a mandatory tool for safe production, and bamboo helmets can be used as an alternative to the traditional plastic safety helmet. In this study, bamboo helmets were modified with urea-formaldehyde resin and have shown excellent impact resistance, good color sensitivity, and high gloss. The excellent performance of the bamboo helmet comes from the structure designed by imitating the gradient characteristics of bamboo and the modification of urea-formaldehyde resin. The pores and defects of bamboo in the helmet modified by urea-formaldehyde resin are filled and repaired. The chemical combination of urea-formaldehyde resin and bamboo reduces bamboo’s crystallinity and improves the bamboo helmet’s impact resistance. The development of bamboo helmets provides a supplement and option for the traditional helmet market while opening up new ways of bamboo utilization.
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Arif, Zeeshan, B. R. Rajanikanth, and Kavitha Prasad. "The Role of Helmet Fastening in Motorcycle Road Traffic Accidents." Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction 12, no. 4 (December 2019): 284–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685458.
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Road traffic accidents are the leading cause of death among the Indian population. Motorcycle accidents are the most prominent type of injuries among road traffic accidents in India. In this prospective cross-sectional study, all the patients attending three centers in north Bangalore, with facial injuries occurring from a motorcycle accident, were included. The subjects were analyzed for the type of collision, helmet use, type of helmet use, and fastening status of the helmets. A total of 311 motorcyclists were included in this study for a period of 18 months (December 2015 to June 2017). There were 79.7% males and 20.3% females. The most prominent age group was 21 to 30 years. The percentage of riders sustaining facial injuries was significantly more in the non-helmeted group. The most common injuries in open face helmets were in the middle and lower third of the face, whereas in closed face helmets it was in the middle third of the face. The numbers of injuries were significantly higher in the nonfastened helmet group as compared with fastened helmet group. Helmet fixation is an important characteristic along with helmet type for the better effectiveness and safety of the helmets for the motorcyclists.
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Sone, Je Yeong, Douglas Kondziolka, Jason H. Huang, and Uzma Samadani. "Helmet efficacy against concussion and traumatic brain injury: a review." Journal of Neurosurgery 126, no. 3 (March 2017): 768–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.2.jns151972.
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Helmets are one of the earliest and most enduring methods of personal protection in human civilization. Although primarily developed for combat purposes in ancient times, modern helmets have become highly diversified to sports, recreation, and transportation. History and the scientific literature exhibit that helmets continue to be the primary and most effective prevention method against traumatic brain injury (TBI), which presents high mortality and morbidity rates in the US. The neurosurgical and neurotrauma literature on helmets and TBI indicate that helmets provide effectual protection against moderate to severe head trauma resulting in severe disability or death. However, there is a dearth of scientific data on helmet efficacy against concussion in both civilian and military aspects. The objective of this literature review was to explore the historical evolution of helmets, consider the effectiveness of helmets in protecting against severe intracranial injuries, and examine recent evidence on helmet efficacy against concussion. It was also the goal of this report to emphasize the need for more research on helmet efficacy with improved experimental design and quantitative standardization of assessments for concussion and TBI, and to promote expanded involvement of neurosurgery in studying the quantitative diagnostics of concussion and TBI. Recent evidence summarized by this literature review suggests that helmeted patients do not have better relative clinical outcome and protection against concussion than unhelmeted patients.
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Zhang, Yuelin, Mayuko Mitsui, Satoru Yoneyama, and Shigeru Aomura. "Influence of Long-Term Use of American Football Helmets on Concussion Risk." Brain Sciences 14, no. 6 (May 24, 2024): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14060537.
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In this study, to discuss the influence of concussion risk from the long-term use of American football helmets on collegiate teams, accident cases during the game are replicated based on game videos by simulations using whole-body numerical models and helmeted finite element human head models. The concussion risks caused by collisions were estimated using the mechanical parameters inside the skull obtained from finite element analyses. In the analyses, the different material properties of helmets identified by free-fall experiments using headform impactor-embedded helmets were used to represent brand-new and long-term-use helmets. After analyzing the five cases, it was observed that wearing a new helmet instead of a long-term-use one resulted in a reduction in the risk of concussion by 1 to 44%. More energy is attenuated by the deformation of the liners of the brand-new helmet, so the energy transferred to the head is smaller than that when wearing the long-term-use helmet. Thus, the long-term use of the helmet reduces its ability to protect the head.
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Teng, Tso-Liang, Cho-Chung Liang, and Van-Hai Nguyen. "Analysis of a bicyclist’s head injury in lateral and frontal impact using the human full-body model." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 231, no. 3 (July 21, 2017): 220–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337117717347.
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Helmets reduce the frequency and severity of head and brain injuries resulting from bicycle crashes. To ensure that all bicycle helmets provide a certain level of effectiveness, helmets are required to satisfy certain standards of construction and material design before they can be sold in the market. Impact protection is the primary consideration of nearly every helmet standard. The general terms for a test for assessing impact protection involve shock absorption. A helmeted headform is dropped onto an anvil and the headform acceleration is measured. However, the test procedures of the existing standards do not properly assess the protection level of helmets against oblique impacts. To investigate bicycle helmets in a real accident scenario, this study simulated the full body of a bicyclist when free falling onto a road. This study considered the normal velocity (VN) of 5.66 m/s and tangential velocity (VT) values of 0, 5, and 10 m/s. Finite element analyses of helmet impact tests were conducted using LS-DYNA software. Moreover, the impact responses obtained using full-body and detached-headform models were compared under identical impact conditions. The analysis results obtained herein can be useful for evaluating helmet quality and guiding future developments in helmet innovation.
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Feler, Joshua, Adrian A. Maung, Rick O'Connor, Kimberly A. Davis, and Jason Gerrard. "Sex-based differences in helmet performance in bicycle trauma." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 75, no. 10 (April 7, 2021): 994–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-215544.
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ObjectivesTo determine the existence of sex-based differences in the protective effects of helmets against common injuries in bicycle trauma.MethodsIn a retrospective cohort study, we identified patients 18 years or older in the 2017 National Trauma Database presenting after bicycle crash. Sex-disaggregated and sex-combined multivariable logistic regression models were calculated for short-term outcomes that included age, involvement with motor vehicle collision, anticoagulant use, bleeding disorder and helmet use. The sex-combined model included an interaction term for sex and helmet use. The resulting exponentiated model parameter yields an adjusted OR ratio of the effects of helmet use for females compared with males.ResultsIn total, 18 604 patients of average age 48.1 were identified, and 18% were female. Helmet use was greater in females than males (48.0% vs 34.2%, p<0.001). Compared with helmeted males, helmeted females had greater rates of serious head injury (37.7% vs 29.9%, p<0.001) despite less injury overall. In sex-disaggregated models, helmet use reduced odds of intracranial haemorrhage and death in males (p<0.001) but not females. In sex-combined models, helmets conferred to females significantly less odds reduction for severe head injury (p=0.002), intracranial bleeding (p<0.001), skull fractures (p=0.001), cranial surgery (p=0.006) and death (p=0.017). There was no difference for cervical spine fracture.ConclusionsBicycle helmets may offer less protection to females compared with males. The cause of this sex or gender-based difference is uncertain, but there may be intrinsic incompatibility between available helmets and female anatomy and/or sex disparity in helmet testing standards.
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Warnica, Meagan J., Jonathan Park, Gillian Cook, Robert Parkinson, Jack P. Callaghan, and Andrew C. Laing. "The influence of repeated chin bar impacts on the protective properties of full-face mountain biking helmets." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 230, no. 4 (August 2, 2016): 213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337115600985.
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Full-face helmets are designed to protect against head and face injuries during downhill and free-ride mountain biking. This study assessed whether multiple impacts and helmet type are related to the protective properties of full-face helmets. A drop tower fitted with a helmeted headform simulated impacts to the chin following a forwards fall. Four models of full-face mountain biking helmets were tested. Three repeated trials were completed for each helmet at four impact velocities. Outcome variables included head injury criterion score, peak force, and peak acceleration. Peak accelerations for all trials were below the 300 g pass/fail criterion used in some testing standards. Multiple impacts reduced helmet protective properties, most noticeably at the higher impact velocities (increases in impact severity measures ranging from 11% to 22% for low and 17% to 49% for higher impact velocities). However, the effects of multiple impacts were smaller than the differences observed across individual helmet types. Helmet protective properties were associated with local chin bar characteristics, most notably chin bar length at higher impact velocities. Towards the goal of reducing overall head/brain injury risk in cyclists, there may be value in complimentary messaging about the importance of repeated impacts and helmet type on the protective properties of downhill mountain biking helmets.
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Mattei, Tobias A., Brandon J. Bond, Carlos R. Goulart, Chris A. Sloffer, Martin J. Morris, and Julian J. Lin. "Performance analysis of the protective effects of bicycle helmets during impact and crush tests in pediatric skull models." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 10, no. 6 (December 2012): 490–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2012.8.peds12116.
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Object Bicycle accidents are a very important cause of clinically important traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children. One factor that has been shown to mitigate the severity of lesions associated with TBI in such scenarios is the proper use of a helmet. The object of this study was to test and evaluate the protection afforded by a children's bicycle helmet to human cadaver skulls with a child's anthropometry in both “impact” and “crushing” situations. Methods The authors tested human skulls with and without bicycle helmets in drop tests in a monorail-guided free-fall impact apparatus from heights of 6 to 48 in onto a flat steel anvil. Unhelmeted skulls were dropped at 6 in, with progressive height increases until failure (fracture). The maximum resultant acceleration rates experienced by helmeted and unhelmeted skulls on impact were recorded by an accelerometer attached to the skulls. In addition, compressive forces were applied to both helmeted and unhelmeted skulls in progressive amounts. The tolerance in each circumstance was recorded and compared between the two groups. Results Helmets conferred up to an 87% reduction in so-called mean maximum resultant acceleration over unhelmeted skulls. In compression testing, helmeted skulls were unable to be crushed in the compression fixture up to 470 pound-force (approximately 230 kgf), whereas both skull and helmet alone failed in testing. Conclusions Children's bicycle helmets provide measurable protection in terms of attenuating the acceleration experienced by a skull on the introduction of an impact force. Moreover, such helmets have the durability to mitigate the effects of a more rare but catastrophic direct compressive force. Therefore, the use of bicycle helmets is an important preventive tool to reduce the incidence of severe associated TBI in children as well as to minimize the morbidity of its neurological consequences.
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Pandey, Arun, Thakur P. Chaturvedi, Naresh K. Sharma, Akhilesh K. Singh, Janani A. Kumar, and Nitesh Mishra. "The immediate impact of mandatory helmet law on maxillo-facial trauma: A comparative study in a major trauma center, Uttar Pradesh." National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery 15, no. 1 (2024): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/njms.njms_313_21.
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ABSTRACT Aim: To analyze the effect of the mandatory helmet rule in helmet usage among motorcycle riders and on facial trauma and to determine the significance of difference in the possibility of facial trauma between the helmeted and non-helmeted motorcycle riders. Setting and Design: A retrospective comparative study conducted in a major trauma center at Uttar Pradesh. Material and Method: Data for the present study was obtained from records of the Emergency Department of Trauma Center, for a period of two months before and after the implementation of The Motor Vehicles Act in UP. The study included patients with a history of non-fatal motorcycle accidents who sustained facial injuries regardless of the presence of injuries to other areas of the body during the study period. Information regarding helmet usage during the accident was also recorded. The results were compared between the pre-law period and post-law period. Statistical Analysis Used: Sample t-test was applied to find the level of significance. Results: Out of 219 injured patients, 152 (69.40%) subjects were not wearing helmets, whereas only 67 (30.59%) subjects were wearing helmets. It was observed that around 68.18% of people stated wearing helmets after law implementation with a statistical significance (P value < 0.05). Conclusion: Our study shows that the mandatory helmet rule with elevated penalty rates has significantly increased the usage of helmet among the motorcycle riders, and it also proves that the possibility of facial trauma is significantly higher in non-helmeted riders when compared to helmeted riders.
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Kura, Swapna Rani, Suman Rathlavath, Bharath Simha Reddy Lingannagari, Sai Kumar Ravindra Golla, Ajay Vislavath, H. Kanakadurga, and Navdeep Singh. "Helmet and number plate detection." MATEC Web of Conferences 392 (2024): 01096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202439201096.
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Motorcyclists failing to wear helmets is one of the main reasons why people die in these kinds of crashes. Traditional approaches to ensuring motorcycle riders wear helmets include traffic police manually monitoring intersections or using CCTV footage to detect riders who are not wearing helmets. These techniques, however, necessitate a great deal of human labor and involvement. This system suggests using CCTV footage to automatically recognize non-helmeted motorcyclists and obtain their license plate information. Initially, the system classifies items in motion as either motorbikes or non-motorcycles. The system determines whether or not classed motorcycle riders are wearing helmets. The device uses an OCR technique to obtain the license plate number if the biker is not wearing a helmet.
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Vigilante, William J. "Consumer Beliefs toward the Protection Offered by Motorcycle Helmets: The Effects of Certification, Price, and Crash Speed." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, no. 9 (September 2005): 862–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504900905.
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This study examined consumer beliefs towards the level of protection offered by motorcycle helmets varying in price ($35, $60, $120, $240); level of certification (none, DOT, SNELL, both DOT and Snell); and at high versus low speed lay-down type crashes. Fifty-eight motorcycle riders and passengers were surveyed. The results indicated that consumers believe the level of protection offered by motorcycle helmets is dependent upon certification level more than price; and the expected severity of injury during a crash has little or no relationship to the helmet's certification or price. The implications of these findings include: motorcycle helmets with the same certification should provide the same level of protection regardless of price, or different levels of certification should be provided that represent the actual level of protection offered by the helmet. Finally, consumers should be provided with more education on the actual level of protection they can expect from a helmet based on its certification.
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Galteland, Pål, Mats Døving, Amer Sehic, Tor Paaske Utheim, Ingar Næss, Torsten Eken, Nils Oddvar Skaga, Eirik Helseth, and Jon Ramm-Pettersen. "Do Bicycle Helmets Protect Against Facial Fractures? An Observational Study From a Level 1 Trauma Centre." Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 35, no. 5 (May 6, 2024): 1325–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/scs.0000000000010181.
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This study investigates the impact of helmet use on the incidence of facial fractures in bicycle accidents. Analyzing data from hospitalized bicyclists between 2005 and 2016, the research focused on the correlation between helmet usage and various facial fractures. The study included 1256 bicyclists with known helmet use, among whom 277 individuals (22%) were identified with a total of 521 facial fractures. The findings revealed a significant reduction in the likelihood of facial fractures among helmeted cyclists compared with those without helmets (odds ratio, 0.65; confidence interval, 0.50-0.85; P=0.002). Specifically, the odds of sustaining fractures in the zygoma, orbit, nose, and maxilla were decreased by 47%, 46%, 43%, and 33%, respectively, among helmeted cyclists. However, helmet use did not significantly alter the odds of mandible fractures. Overall, the use of helmets in bicycling significantly lowered the risk of midface fractures but showed no notable effect on mandible fractures in severe cycling incidents.
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Benghuzzi, Ham, Christopher Powe, Dennis Watts, Todd Barrett, and Michelle Tucci. "MOTORCYCLE HELMET USE AND FATALITIES IN THE SOUTHEAST REGION OF THE USA." Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation 57, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.34107/yhpn9422.04145.
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Introduction: The federal government estimates that per mile traveled in 2018, the number of deaths on motorcycles was nearly 27 times the number in cars. In the United States there is no universal helmet law. In twenty-two states, motorcycle helmets are entirely optional, while in nineteen states and the District of Columbia universal motorcycle helmets laws requiring helmets for all riders regardless of age are implemented and nine states only require younger motorcycle riders to wear a helmet, with varying age limits. Objectives: The overall objectives of this study were to evaluate the following: (1) number of fatalities (with and without helmet use), (2) fatality rate per motorcycle registration, (3) fatality percentage with age, (4) percent fatality due to alcohol impairment, and (5) location of collision impact to the rider in two southern states (Mississippi and Alabama) where helmet laws are established compared with a southern state (Florida) that only requires riders less than 20 years of age to be helmeted. Methods: Data from 2015-2018 were obtained from the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration Reporting System (FARS) and supplemented with state related and CDC data. Results: In all three states, the most common collision was a front-end impact. Mississippi had the highest percentage of motorcycle fatalities even with >80% of riders helmeted when the fatal accident occurred, followed by Florida motorcyclist who are only 50% of the time helmeted. In all three southern states similar percentage of fatalities were seen in each age group with higher fatalities associated with age range of 30-39 years. Conclusions: Variables such as helmet type, distance from a level 1 trauma center, poor roads, weather conditions, and visibility of the rider may also be factors that contribute to a higher incidence of fatality and need to be further investigated to improve motorcycle safety.
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Turner, Patricia A., and Christopher A. Hagelin. "Novelty Helmet Use by Motorcycle Riders in Florida." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1734, no. 1 (January 2000): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1734-11.
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Although Florida law requires all motorcyclists to wear helmets, 16 percent of all motorcycle drivers and 30 percent of all their passengers killed in motorcycle crashes in 1996 were not wearing protective helmets. In addition, the use of novelty helmets may be on the rise in states with universal helmet laws. The objectives of this research were to determine motorcycle helmet use rates on Florida roadways and to estimate the level of novelty helmet use by motorcycle occupants. A total of 2,498 motorcyclists in 13 Florida counties were observed over a 2-month period. Data were collected on helmet use and type, motorcycle type, gender, and use of other safety equipment. Almost all motorcycle occupants wore some type of helmet; the observed state-level usage rate was 99.5 percent. However, a significant number of these helmets were novelty helmets. The type of helmet motorcyclists choose to wear may be related to the type of motorcycle driven and the gender of the driver and passenger. Overall, novelty helmet use was higher for passengers than for drivers, and the majority of observed novelty helmets were on motorcycle occupants riding cruiser-type motorcycles. Moreover, females exhibited lower rates of compliance than males, especially when associated with cruiser-type motorcycles. Although the survey did not collect information about the reasons for the increase in novelty helmet use, possible explanations may be that novelty helmets are more readily available at lower cost, and that there is an overall perceived lack of enforcement of the motorcycle helmet use law.
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Akl, Ziad, Mona Akl, Charli Eriksson, Mervyn Gifford, and Dalal Koustuv. "Evaluating Helmet Use Among Motorcycle Drivers in Lebanon." Open Public Health Journal 11, no. 1 (September 27, 2018): 393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944501811010393.
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Background: The impact of the use of helmet by motorcyclists on motorcycle injuries is enormous. The primary focus of this study was to asses the helmet use among motorcycle riders as well as the helmet quality. Methods: Both quantitative and qualitative studies had been done. Nine observational studies have been done over nine different years between 1997 and 2017 in the same spots. In addition to one qualitative study done in May 2017. Results: The results of the observational studies show a clear fluctuation in the use of helmets (6 - 42%). Whenever there is law enforcement, the percentage of users increases. Upon cessation of enforcement, the percentage of helmet use reduces. About 64% of the helmets inspected did not appear to have a certification, which indicates that the helmet did not meet international standards. Those who had spent less than US$15 on buying their helmets were found wearing a non-certified helmet. Conclusion: Lebanon has failed to pursue a successful and sustainable implementation of the enforcement of helmet use. Although strict enforcement measures are vital, it is almost as important to ban the import of poor quality helmets to the Lebanese market and to make sure that taxation is lower on helmets to enable consumers to buy good quality helmets at a lower price.
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Radzuan, Nurul Qastalani, Mohd Hasnun Arif Hassan, Mohd Nadzeri Omar, Nur Aqilah Othman, Mohd Amirudin Mohamad Radzi, and Khairil Anwar Abu Kassim. "The Effect of Motorcycle Helmet Type on Head Response in Oblique Impact." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 20, no. 3 (October 24, 2023): 10786–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.20.3.2023.20.0834.
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In Malaysia, riding motorcycles is a popular mode of transportation, particularly in urban areas where traffic congestion is prevalent. Additionally, motorcycles are relatively affordable and have low fuel consumption, which makes them an attractive option for many. Per Malaysian traffic laws, riders must wear helmets while riding. As a result, various brands and types of helmets are available for purchase. However, with the increasing popularity of online shopping platforms, many individuals opt to purchase helmets online despite the uncertain quality control of these products. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of three different types of motorcycle helmets in protecting the head from injury. The helmet types evaluated in this unbiased study include full-face, open-face, and half-coverage helmets. The head injury predictors used in this study include Peak Linear Acceleration (PLA), Peak Rotational Acceleration (PRA), Head Injury Criterion (HIC), and Brain Injury Criterion (BrIC). Each helmet was subjected to an impact in a controlled environment using a 6-kg cylinder attached to a pendulum arm, with the impact directed at the front of the helmet at a speed of approximately 6 m/s. Full-face and open-face helmets performed exceptionally well in terms of linear parameters (PLA and HIC). The PLA and HIC of half-coverage helmets are nearly 70% and 50% higher than full-face and open-face helmets. All helmets perform poorly against rotational impact (PRA and BrIC). This shows that helmet design needs to be improved to enhance protection against rotational impact. This study represents the first case study in Malaysia to gather mechanical head injury data comparing the protective performance of different helmet types under both linear and rotational impact. These findings may provide a more accurate understanding of helmet performance in protecting against head injuries.
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Rowson, Steven, Ray W. Daniel, and Stefan M. Duma. "Biomechanical performance of leather and modern football helmets." Journal of Neurosurgery 119, no. 3 (September 2013): 805–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2013.3.jns121735.
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With the increased national concern about concussions in football, recent research has focused on evaluating the impact performance of modern football helmets. Specifically, this technical note offers a biomechanical analysis of classic leather helmets compared with modern helmets. Furthermore, modern helmets were examined to illustrate the performance differences between the better- and worse-performing ones. A total of 1224 drop tests were performed from a range of drop heights and impact locations on 11 different helmet types (10 modern and 1 leather helmet model). The resulting head acceleration was used to assess the risk of concussion for each drop test. The results of this analysis demonstrate that modern helmets are significantly and substantially superior to leather helmets in all impact scenarios, and that notable differences exist among modern helmets.
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Gaikwad, Dr Jitendra. "Advanced Tactical Helmet for Military Use." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 5 (May 31, 2024): 3019–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.62184.
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Abstract: Advanced features on a tactical helmet designed for military use. Soldiers in today's military operations must have improved situational awareness, strong communication skills, and superior protection when fighting. A new generation of tactical helmets with enhanced features is required because the standard helmets now in use do not adequately fulfil these criteria. To improve army performance and survivability The helmet has several extra features in addition to its extensive ESP32 CAM for real-time data visualization, communication systems for seamless inter-squad communication, and improved ballistic protection materials. Among these characteristics include the incorporation of a helmet camera's First-Person-View (FPV) live video feed into a base station, along with the base station's face detection capabilities for enhanced identification. SolidWorks was used in the design process to produce a unique 3D-printed helmet, while ESP32 and ESP8266 were used to power a custom mainboard that effectively controlled the helmet's functions. this creative solution aims to significantly improve military operations, increase survivability, and ensure the safety of soldiers on the battlefield.
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Mathon, Bertrand, Valentin Duarte Rocha, Jean-Baptiste Py, Arnaud Falcan, and Timothée Bergeret. "An Air-Filled Bicycle Helmet for Mitigating Traumatic Brain Injury." Bioengineering 10, no. 7 (June 25, 2023): 762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10070762.
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We created a novel air-filled bicycle helmet. The aims of this study were (i) to assess the head injury mitigation performance of the proposed helmet and (ii) to compare those performance results against the performance results of an expanded polystyrene (EPS) traditional bicycle helmet. Two bicycle helmet types were subjected to impacts in guided vertical drop tests onto a flat anvil: EPS helmets and air-filled helmets (Bumpair). The maximum acceleration value recorded during the test on the Bumpair helmet was 86.76 ± 3.06 g, while the acceleration during the first shock on the traditional helmets reached 207.85 ± 5.55 g (p < 0.001). For the traditional helmets, the acceleration increased steadily over the number of shocks. There was a strong correlation between the number of impacts and the response of the traditional helmet (cor = 0.94; p < 0.001), while the Bumpair helmets showed a less significant dependence over time (cor = 0.36; p = 0.048), meaning previous impacts had a lower consequence. The air-filled helmet significantly reduced the maximal linear acceleration when compared to an EPS traditional helmet, showing improvements in impact energy mitigation, as well as in resistance to repeated impacts. This novel helmet concept could improve head injury mitigation in cyclists.
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Dodds, Nick, Rowena Johnson, Benjamin Walton, Omar Bouamra, David Yates, Fiona Elizabeth Lecky, and Julian Thompson. "Evaluating the impact of cycle helmet use on severe traumatic brain injury and death in a national cohort of over 11000 pedal cyclists: a retrospective study from the NHS England Trauma Audit and Research Network dataset." BMJ Open 9, no. 9 (September 2019): e027845. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027845.
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ObjectivesIn the last 10 years there has been a significant increase in cycle traffic in the UK, with an associated increase in the overall number of cycling injuries. Despite this, and the significant media, political and public health debate into this issue, there remains an absence of studies from the UK assessing the impact of helmet use on rates of serious injury presenting to the National Health Service (NHS) in cyclists.SettingThe NHS England Trauma Audit and Research Network (TARN) Database was interrogated to identify all adult (≥16 years) patients presenting to hospital with cycling-related major injuries, during a period from 14 March 2012 to 30 September 2017 (the last date for which a validated dataset was available).Participants11 192 patients met inclusion criteria. Data on the use of cycling helmets were available in 6621 patients.Outcome measuresTARN injury descriptors were used to compare patterns of injury, care and mortality in helmeted versus non-helmeted cohorts.ResultsData on cycle helmet use were available for 6621 of the 11 192 cycle-related injuries entered onto the TARN Database in the 66 months of this study (93 excluded as not pedal cyclists). There was a significantly higher crude 30-day mortality in un-helmeted cyclists 5.6% (4.8%–6.6%) versus helmeted cyclists 1.8% (1.4%–2.2%) (p<0.001). Cycle helmet use was also associated with a reduction in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) 19.1% (780, 18.0%–20.4%) versus 47.6% (1211, 45.6%–49.5%) (p<0.001), intensive care unit requirement 19.6% (797, 18.4%–20.8%) versus 27.1% (691, 25.4%–28.9%) (p<0.001) and neurosurgical intervention 2.5% (103, 2.1%–3.1%) versus 8.5% (217, 7.5%–9.7%) (p<0.001). There was a statistically significant increase in chest, spinal, upper and lower limb injury in the helmeted group in comparison to the un-helmeted group (all p<0.001), though in a subsequent analysis of these anatomical injury patterns, those cyclists wearing helmets were still found to have lower rates of TBI. In reviewing TARN injury codes for specific TBI and facial injuries, there was a highly significant decrease in rates of impact injury between cyclists wearing helmets and those not.ConclusionsThis study suggests that there is a significant correlation between use of cycle helmets and reduction in adjusted mortality and morbidity associated with TBI and facial injury.
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Alsop, Janet, Sue Burlatschenko, Sophie Gouveia, and Karen Gowdy. "Should helmets be mandatory for skiers and snowboarders in Ontario?" Environmental Health Review 56, no. 02 (August 1, 2013): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5864/d2013-016.
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Every year, approximately 15% of Canadians participate in snow sports. Among skiers and snowboarders, 9%–19% suffer potentially disabling injuries to the head. Case-control studies have shown that ski helmets can reduce the risk of head injury by 29%–60%. Opponents of mandatory ski helmet use have presented a series of arguments against ski helmets. However, numerous studies have demonstrated that ski helmets improve the safety of skiers and represent a benefit. Currently, there is no ski helmet legislation in Ontario. Few jurisdictions have legislation mandating the use of ski helmets. In Canada, only Nova Scotia has legislation regarding the use of ski helmets. In Canada, there are no mandatory safety standards for the manufacturing of ski helmets despite the publication of standards by the Canadian Standards Association in 2008.
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AHMAD, Shah Nadeem. "A new Sasanian helmet in the Musee d’Art Classique de Mougins." Historia i Świat 4 (September 16, 2015): 135–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.34739/his.2015.04.08.
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This article will describe a previously unknown helmet in the Musee d’Art Classique de Mougins (MACM) in southern France. The helmet is of the “bandhelm” variety and is decorated with heraldic motifs plus silvered rivets. The helmet bears some resemblance to known helmets from Cheragh Ali Tepe / Amlash but also differs in several crucial ways. In the light of this new example, a new typology of Sasanian helmets and some novel insights on the development of Sasanian helmets is also offered.
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Syakuran, Muhammad, Andri Hardianto, and Agus Nurwiadh. "<strong>Mandibular trauma severity differences on motorcycle riders using half-face helmet and without helmet based on mandible injury severity score</strong>." Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry 34, no. 2 (July 31, 2022): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/pjd.vol34no2.31662.
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ABSTRACTIntroduction: The popular half-face helmet places the mandible at high risk of fracture during a motorcycle accident. The anatomical shape and position of the mandible make it more frequent to fracture. The purpose of this study was to compare the severity of mandibular trauma in motorcyclists using half face helmets and without using a helmet based on the Mandible Injury Severity Score (MISS). Methods: This research was a prospective cross-sectional study on 60 research subjects at the Emergency Unit of Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, between July 2019 - February 2020. The data were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney test to see the severity of mandibular trauma using a half face helmet and without a helmet based on MISS (Mandible Injury Severity Score). Results: Of 60 subjects of motorcycle accidents, 58.3% were <25 years old, 38 (63.3%) used half face helmets and 22 (36.7%) non-helmets, 83.3% of the patients were drivers, and 11.7% were passengers. Most fracture sites are parasymphysis, corpus, condylus, symphysis, and subcondylar. 48.3% of subjects had malocclusion, 56.5 with mild displacement, and 43,3% with moderate removal. The average MISS score for half face helmet users was 5.71 and compared to 7.45 for non-helmets. Based on the Mann Whitney test results, the MISS value was not significantly different. Conclusion: Riders who wore half face helmets and those who didn’t wear helmets have the same risk of mandibular trauma based on the MISS. Motorcycle users should use a full face helmet to prevent mandibular fractures during traffic accidents.Keywords: MISS, trauma of mandible, half face helmet, traffic accidents.
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Wang, Yanqing, Ding Weng, Yuju Wei, Yuan Ma, Lei Chen, and Jiadao Wang. "Aerodynamic Drag Reduction on Speed Skating Helmet by Surface Structures." Applied Sciences 13, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13010130.
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The aerodynamic drag for speed skating helmets with surface structures was investigated in this work by using numerical and experimental methods. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) research was performed to analyze the detail of the flow field around the helmets. The simplified helmet models, with riblet and bump surface structures, were analyzed using the CFD simulations. The pressure distribution and velocity field around the helmets were obtained through the CFD analysis. The CFD results showed that the boundary layer separation position was obviously delayed, and the pressure changed to a higher value at the back area for structured helmets. Therefore, the aerodynamic drag for the structured helmet was lower than that of the original model. According to the CFD results, three types of helmets, with the of riblet and bump surface structure printed on the helmets by using flexible film, were tested in a wind tunnel. A full-scaled skater mannequin of half a body was used in the experiment to simulate the actual skating process. Compared with the original helmet, a drag reduction rate of 7% was achieved for the helmet with the bump at the middle region in the wind tunnel experiment, at the average speed in competitions for skaters.
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Jackson, A. H. "An early Corinthian helmet in the Manchester Museum." Annual of the British School at Athens 99 (November 2004): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s006824540001710x.
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The article concerns a helmet of Corinthian type, of the seventh century BC, very plain and without a crest or decoration but with small holes round the rim for stitching in a lining. It belonged for many years to Charterhouse, until that school recently sold its Museum's contents. Manchester Museum acquired it thanks to a most generous bequest from the estate of the late Professor Robert Cook. Here the helmet's dimensions and state are given; it had suffered damage particularly to the cheek-guards and the nose-guard (which is now a modern replica). Details of its design are examined, some confirming its date, others illustrating its strengths and weaknesses as a helmet. The historical significance of helmets of this plain design is briefly discussed. Finally it is suggested, on the grounds of the damage to its cheek-guards and nose-guard, that it ended its career as a victory thank-offering in a sanctuary, possibly Olympia where many helmets so damaged have been found.
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Cummiskey, Brian, Goutham N. Sankaran, Kevin G. McIver, Daniel Shyu, Justin Markel, Thomas M. Talavage, Larry Leverenz, Janette J. Meyer, Douglas Adams, and Eric A. Nauman. "Quantitative evaluation of impact attenuation by football helmets using a modal impulse hammer." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 233, no. 2 (January 23, 2019): 301–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337118823603.
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Concussions and changes in neurophysiology due to sub-concussive blows are common in contact sports, motivating a need for improved safety systems. While there have been attempts to determine whether or not new helmet designs influence the incidence of concussion, the results to date have been inconclusive. Consequently, the goal of this study was to evaluate the ability of modern football helmets to mitigate linear impacts directed normal, as well as oblique, to the surface of the helmeted head using a system that quantifies both the input load and the resulting accelerations of a Hybrid III headform. The transfer function connecting the inputs and outputs of the system was developed using dimensional analysis to provide a means of comparing helmets across brands and sports. For translational accelerations, increased helmet mass and a secondary layer of padding helped mitigate the impacts. The attenuation of angular accelerations depended substantially on helmet model and impact location.
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Ghaidaa A. Khalid. "Biomechanical Investigation of the Efficacy of Conventional Bicycle Helmets at Preventing Facial Injury." Journal of Techniques 4, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.51173/jt.v4i4.867.
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Many studies indicate that wearing a bicycle helmet significantly reduces the risk of accident-related head injuries. Less is reported, however, about bicycle helmet use, about preventing facial injury. Epidemiological studies typically report incidences of 'head injury,' though rarely categorize head, brain, and facial injuries separately. Studies that do focus on facial injury suggest that helmets do not provide adequate protection. A 3D biofidelic child head form and two conventional bicycle helmets (that is,” open face") were created in MSC ADAMS™ computer modelling and simulation software. Peak force and linear accelerations were measured for a series of head form impact simulations corresponding to an established testing standard and a newly proposed series of tests derived from modified motorcycle standards, incorporating injury thresholds from the facial bone impact tolerance literature. Almost all impact simulations exceeded the threshold for fracture, soft tissue, and dental trauma. An observational study was conducted using MSC ADAMS™ to assess a helmeted headform's face exposure during impact simulations. Helmets failed to reduce face impact exposure, during all simulations, except for perpendicular cheek impacts. International test standards, therefore, require urgent revision to ensure that face protection is included.
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Yang, Hong Ze, Bo Li, Ya Nan Wu, and Bin Li. "Ergonomic Analysis of Multi-Function Forest Fire Helmet." Key Engineering Materials 584 (September 2013): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.584.9.
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The ergonomic design of forest fire helmet is closely related to its safety performance. In order to improve the performance of forest fire helmet, three representative forest fire helmets are evaluated from the shape, material, safety, comfort and other aspects and analyzed according to the firemens usage condition. Some suggestions for helmet design, such as using suspension system, installing height adjuster, using adjustable goggles with peripheral knobs and decomposition using helmets, goggles and masks, are proposed, which provide a referential technical guidance for the design of forest fire helmets in the future.
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Mukunthan, Shriram, Jochen Vleugels, Toon Huysmans, Kalev Kuklane, Tiago Sotto Mayor, and Guido De Bruyne. "Thermal-Performance Evaluation of Bicycle Helmets for Convective and Evaporative Heat Loss at Low and Moderate Cycling Speeds." Applied Sciences 9, no. 18 (September 5, 2019): 3672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9183672.
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The main objective of the study was to investigate the thermal performance of five (open and closed) bicycle helmets for convective and evaporative heat transfer using a nine-zone thermal manikin. The shape of the thermal manikin was obtained by averaging the 3D-point coordinates of the head over a sample of 85 head scans of human subjects, obtained through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 3D-printed. Experiments were carried out in two stages, (i) a convective test and (ii) an evaporative test, with ambient temperature maintained at 20.5 ± 0.5 °C and manikin skin temperature at 30.5 ± 0.5 °C for both the tests. Results showed that the evaporative heat transfer contributed up to 51%–53% of the total heat loss from the nude head. For the convective tests, the open helmet A1 having the highest number of vents among tested helmets showed the highest cooling efficiency at 3 m/s (100.9%) and at 6 m/s (101.6%) and the closed helmet (A2) with fewer inlets and outlets and limited internal channels showed the lowest cooling efficiency at 3 m/s (75.6%) and at 6 m/s (84.4%). For the evaporative tests, the open helmet A1 showed the highest cooling efficiency at 3 m/s (97.8%), the open helmet A4 showed the highest cooling efficiency at 6 m/s (96.7%) and the closed helmet A2 showed the lowest cooling efficiency at 3 m/s (79.8%) and at 6 m/s (89.9%). Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the zonal heat-flux values for the two tested velocities were significantly different (p < 0.05) for both the modes of heat transfer. For the convective tests, at 3 m/s, the frontal zone (256–283 W/m2) recorded the highest heat flux for open helmets, the facial zone (210–212 W/m2) recorded the highest heat flux for closed helmets and the parietal zone (54–123 W/m2) recorded the lowest heat flux values for all helmets. At 6 m/s, the frontal zone (233–310 W/m2) recorded the highest heat flux for open helmets and the closed helmet H1, the facial zone (266 W/m2) recorded the highest heat flux for the closed helmet A2 and the parietal zone (65–123 W/m2) recorded the lowest heat flux for all the helmets. For evaporative tests, at 3 m/s, the frontal zone (547–615 W/m2) recorded the highest heat flux for all open helmets and the closed helmet H1, the facial zone (469 W/m2) recorded the highest heat flux for the closed helmet A2 and the parietal zone (61–204 W/m2) recorded the lowest heat flux for all helmets. At 6 m/s, the frontal zone (564–621 W/m2) recorded highest heat flux for all the helmets and the parietal zone (97–260 W/m2) recorded the lowest heat flux for all helmets.
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Obst, Maciej, Szymon Rzepczyk, Anna Karwasz, and Sebastian Głowiński. "Helmet Usage for Single-Track Vehicle Users in the Poznan Agglomeration: A Preliminary Study." Transport Samochodowy 2, no. 68 (December 31, 2023): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.3112.
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Accidents are inherent elements of human activity, and engineers have strived to develop safety systems to safeguard people against accidents, which are often random and unpredictable. Helmets have become the most popular means of protection over the years. They have undergone significant modifications, evolving into effective and advanced tools for head protection. Unfortunately, because helmets remain optional for bicycle users, some individuals choose to ignore safety guidelines. Methods: This research employed a survey method conducted among the residents of the Poznan agglomeration to determine the reasons behind the low adoption of helmets. A questionnaire consisting of 15 questions was distributed to 173 users of two-wheeled vehicles, including motorbikes, bicycles, mopeds, and electric scooters. Results: The findings revealed that only 41.4% of men declared using helmets, with 24.4% of women doing so. Additionally, 44.4% of the helmets in use were new, while the remaining 55.6% were purchased second-hand. Conclusion: The research indicates that individuals are more likely to wear protective helmets on older two-wheelers, and helmet usage is higher in larger cities. Therefore, it is essential to focus bicycle helmet educational campaigns on children and teenagers to improve safety awareness and encourage helmet usage.
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Mariskhana, Kartika, Ita Dewi Sintawati, and Widiarina Widiarina. "Implementation of Data Mining to predict sales of Bogo helmets using the Naïve Bayes algorithm." Sinkron 7, no. 4 (October 3, 2022): 2303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33395/sinkron.v7i4.11768.
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Consumer needs for safety and comfort in driving are very important, especially for two-wheeled or motorcycle riders. A good helmet is a helmet that is safe and comfortable when worn. Helmet qualifications that meet SNI standards are open helmets and closed helmets. Transactions are carried out online, because it was still in a pandemic situation when it was established. By carrying the tag line "Ride Safety With Your Own Style", trying to educate the younger generation to keep paying attention to safety when driving but also not neglecting fashion. For the type of sale of bogo and retro helmet brands, with a variety of colors and affordable prices. A common problem faced is how to predict or forecast future helmet sales based on pre-recorded data. This prediction is very influential on the decision to determine the number of helmets that must be provided, if you order helmets in sufficient quantities and it turns out that only a few helmet sales are sold and this will cause the stock of helmets to accumulate. The results of predictions for the sale of bogo helmets in Baris True Instances amounted to 16 data, which means Valid with 53% data accuracy. Meanwhile, there are 10 data classified as Instancely Classified Instance which means Invalid, with data accuracy of 46.67%. The amount of accuracy in the Weka application is the same as the amount of accuracy in Excel calculations. From the explanation above, the Naïve Bayes algorithm method is the best solution for predicting important things in a business need and others.
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Juste-Lorente, Óscar, Mario Maza, Ana Piqueras, Ana I. Lorente, and Francisco J. López-Valdés. "Effects of Including a Penetration Test in Motorcyclist Helmet Standards: Influence on Helmet Stiffness and Impact Performance." Applied Sciences 12, no. 5 (February 26, 2022): 2455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12052455.
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Regulation ECE-22.05/06 does not require a helmet penetration test. Penetration testing is controversial since it has been shown that it may cause the helmet to behave in a non-desirable stiff way in real-world crashes. This study aimed to assess the effect of the penetration test in the impact performance of helmets. Twenty full-face motorcycle helmets were penetration tested at multiple locations of the helmet shell. Then, 10 helmets were selected and split into two groups (hard shell and soft shell) depending on the results of the penetration tests. These 10 helmets were then drop tested at front, lateral, and top areas at two different impact speeds (5 m/s and 8.2 m/s) to assess their impact performance against head injuries. The statistical analyses did not show any significant difference between the two groups (hard/soft shell) at 5 m/s. Similar results were observed at 8.2 m/s, except for the top area of the helmet in which the peak linear acceleration was significantly higher for the soft shell group than for the hard shell group (230 ± 12 g vs. 211 ± 11 g; p-value = 0.038). The results of this study suggest that a stiffer shell does not necessarily cause helmets to behave in a stiffer way when striking rigid flat surfaces. These experiments also showed that hard shell helmets can provide better protection at higher impact speeds without damaging helmet performance at lower impact speeds.
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Patton, Declan A., Reza Mohammadi, Peter Halldin, Svein Kleiven, and Andrew S. McIntosh. "Radial and Oblique Impact Testing of Alpine Helmets onto Snow Surfaces." Applied Sciences 13, no. 6 (March 8, 2023): 3455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13063455.
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Recent studies have found that alpine helmets reduce the risk of focal injuries associated with radial impacts, which is likely due to current alpine helmet standards requiring helmets to be drop-tested on flat anvils with only linear acceleration pass criteria. There is a need to evaluate the performance of alpine helmets in more realistic impacts. The current study developed a method to assess the performance of alpine helmets for radial and oblique impacts on snow surfaces in a laboratory setting. Snow samples were collected from a groomed area of a ski slope. Radial impacts were performed as drop tests onto a stationary snow sample. Oblique impacts were performed as drop tests onto a snow sample moving horizontally. For radial impacts, snow sample collection time was found to significantly (p = 0.005) influence mean peak linear headform acceleration with an increase in ambient temperature softening the snow samples. For oblique tests, the recreational alpine sports helmet with a rotation-damping system (RDS) significantly (p = 0.002) reduced mean peak angular acceleration compared to the same helmets with no RDS by approximately 44%. The ski racing helmet also significantly (p = 0.006) reduced mean peak angular acceleration compared to the recreational alpine sports helmet with no RDS by approximately 33%, which was attributed to the smooth outer shell of the ski racing helmet. The current study helps to bridge the knowledge gap between real helmet impacts on alpine snow slopes and laboratory helmet impacts on rigid surfaces.
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Carr, Debra J., E. Lewis, and PF Mahoney. "UK military helmet design and test methods." BMJ Military Health 166, no. 5 (June 6, 2019): 342–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jramc-2018-001123.
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The aim of this paper was to provide the military medical community with an expert summary of military helmets used by HM Armed Forces. The design of military helmets and test methods used to determine the fragmentation and non-ballistic impact protection are discussed. The helmets considered are Parachutist, Combat Vehicle Crewman, Mk6, Mk6A, Mk7 and VIRTUS. The helmets considered provide different levels of fragmentation and non-ballistic impact protection dictated by the materials available at the time of the helmet design and the end-user requirement. The UK Ministry of Defence defines the area of coverage of military helmets by considering external anatomical features to provide protection to the brain and the majority of the brainstem. Established test methods exist to assess the performance of the helmet with respect to the threats; however, these test methods do not typically consider anatomical vulnerability.
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Nadia Hanifa Febriana. "Analysis of Helmet Detection on Motor Drivers to Detect Traffic Violations Using the You Only Look Once Method (Yolov4)." Jurnal Multidisiplin Madani 3, no. 7 (July 30, 2023): 1451–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/mudima.v3i7.4931.
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According to statistical data, the number of deaths due to accidents in Indonesia in 2017 was 30,568 people. Efforts are being made to reduce traffic violations, especially helmet violations. Helmets that must be worn by Indonesian motorcyclists must comply with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI), but there are still many non-SNI helmets circulating. A possible solution for monitoring is the identification of motorbikes in traffic based on Deep Learning. In this study, the classification of helmets was carried out using the YO-LO (You Only Look Once) method. The SNI helmet detection system aims to make drivers more disciplined in completing their riding equipment, especially helmets with SNI because this system requires riders to wear helmets that comply with LLAJ or SNI (Indonesian National Standard) helmets before riding. Trending Machine Learning and Deep Learning conduct research to discover new methods and advanced architectures such as YOLO (You Only Look Once). YOLO is an object detection network architecture that is claimed to be the "fastest deep learning object detector" that prioritizes accuracy and speed. With YOLOv4, violations by motorbike riders can be detected in real-time and whether the riders recorded on the camera are directly wearing SNI helmets, non-SNI helmets or not wearing helmets. The best accuracy for real-time motorcyclist violations with YOLOv4 is the best mAP value of 99.69%
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Rahmawati Lestari, Rizki, and Etri Gustiana. "PENYULUHAN TENTANG PENGGUNAAN HELM SNI PADA MAHASISWA KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT UNIVERSITAS PAHLAWAN TUANKU TAMBUSAI." COVIT (Community Service of Health) 2, no. 2 (September 30, 2022): 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/covit.v2i2.8505.
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Helmets are a form of body protection worn on the head and are usually made of metal or other hard materials such as kevlar, resin fibers, or plastic. Helmets are usually used as head protection for various combat (military) activities, or civilian activities such as sports, mining, or driving. Helmets can provide additional protection of part of the head (depending on the structure) from falling or high-velocity objects. Motorcycle drivers on the highway have behaviors that tend to be more dangerous than other vehicle drivers. This can be seen that there are still many motorcycle drivers who do not use safety attributes, especially helmets to reduce the risk in the event of an accident. In addition to helmets, the attributes of driving equipment must also be considered to make driving safer and more comfortable. Such as using shoes, using a jacket and trousers and if necessary using a mask and gloves, which function to grip the motorcycle handlebars to make it more comfortable and steady (Wibowo, 2011). Severe head injuries account for the largest share of accidents experienced by motorcyclists. Types of head damage in the form of cracks in the cranium, injuries to the forehead or face, the back or sides of the head. This is where the SNI helmet performs its function in order to reduce the level of injury to the head. People's behavior to wear standard helmets is still low, many motorcycle riders still use helmets as they are (not meeting the standards), as well as many circulating non-standard helmets. The price of a standard helmet that is widely sold in the market is relatively expensive, so it is very burdensome for those who have mediocre income. Knowledge, and trust in people who think standard helmets are no different from normal helmets. Standard helmets are considered inconvenient and can reduce vision, especially at night, hot until the wearer sweats. Some of these helmet users just cover their heads so they are not ticketed by police officers.
Keywords: Helm SNI, Counseling
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Lumban Gaol, Christopher Panal. "Application of Indonesian National Standard (SNI) on Helmets of Two-Wheeled Motor Vehicle Riders: Consumer Rights and Obligations of Business Actors." Journal of Progressive Law and Legal Studies 1, no. 01 (January 31, 2023): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.59653/jplls.v1i01.31.
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This paper discusses the application of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) on two-wheeled motorized vehicle helmets and its implications for consumer rights and obligations of business actors. Based on the Regulation of the Minister of Industry of the Republic of Indonesia Number: 79/M-IND/PER/9/2015, SNI for helmets of two-wheeled motorized vehicle riders is compulsorily enforced. Business actors who produce and/or import helmets must meet SNI requirements and have a product certificate using the SNI mark installed on the product. Consumers have rights protected by the Consumer Protection Law, including the right to comfort, security, and safety in consuming goods and/or services. They have the right to true, clear and honest information about helmet products, and have the right to raise opinions and complaints. If the helmet product does not comply with the agreement, the consumer is entitled to compensation and compensation. On the other hand, business actors have an obligation to provide true, clear, and honest information about the condition and guarantee of helmet products. They must treat consumers properly and honestly, as well as provide compensation, indemnity and replacement if the helmet product does not comply with the agreement. The Indonesian National Standard (SNI) for helmets of two-wheeled motorized vehicle riders, such as Helm SNI 1911:2007, specifies technical requirements related to materials, designs, and features that must be met by helmets. These requirements include materials that are strong, do not change by temperature changes, and do not cause irritation to the skin. The helmet design must also meet certain criteria, including height, ventilation, and bearing. Full face helmets and open face helmets have different technical requirements, such as ear protection, neck covers, shields, or chin caps for full face helmets, and hoods, protective linings, straps and more for open face helmets.In conclusion, this paper underlines the importance of applying SNI to two-wheeled motorized vehicle helmets to maintain product quality, safety, and comfort. Consumers have rights that must be protected, while business actors have the obligation to meet SNI requirements and provide good service to consumers. With SNI, it is hoped that two-wheeled motorized vehicle helmets on the market can meet the standards that have been set, so as to provide better protection for riders.
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Breedlove, Katherine M., Evan Breedlove, Eric Nauman, Thomas G. Bowman, and Monica R. Lininger. "The Ability of an Aftermarket Helmet Add-On Device to Reduce Impact-Force Accelerations During Drop Tests." Journal of Athletic Training 52, no. 9 (September 1, 2017): 802–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-52.6.01.
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Context: The Guardian Cap provides a soft covering intended to mitigate energy transfer to the head during football contact. Yet how well it attenuates impacts remains unknown. Objective: To evaluate the changes in the Gadd Severity Index (GSI) and linear acceleration during drop tests on helmeted headforms with or without Guardian Caps. Design: Crossover study. Setting: Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Nine new football helmets sent directly from the manufacturer. Intervention(s): We dropped the helmets at 3 velocities on 6 helmet locations (front, side, right front boss, top, rear right boss, and rear) as prescribed by the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment. Helmets were tested with facemasks in place but no Guardian Cap and then retested with the facemasks in place and the Guardian Cap affixed. Main Outcome Measure(s): The GSI scores and linear accelerations measured in g forces. Results: For the GSI, we found a significant interaction among drop location, Guardian Cap presence, and helmet brand at the high velocity (F10,50 = 3.01, P = .005) but not at the low (F3.23,16.15 = 0.84, P = .50) or medium (F10,50 = 1.29, P = .26) velocities. Similarly for linear accelerations, we found a significant interaction among drop location, Guardian Cap presence, and helmet brand at the high velocity (F10,50 = 3.01, P = .002, ω2 = 0.05) but not at the low (F10,50 = 0.49, P = .89, ω2 < 0.01, 1–β = 0.16) or medium (F5.20,26.01 = 2.43, P = .06, ω2 < 0.01, 1–β = 0.68) velocities. Conclusions: The Guardian Cap failed to significantly improve the helmets' ability to mitigate impact forces at most locations. Limited evidence indicates how a reduction in GSI would provide clinically relevant benefits beyond reducing the risk of skull fracture or a similar catastrophic event.
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Cai, Dengchuan, Yu-Hsuan Chen, and Chih-Jen Lee. "The Effects of Wearing Helmets on Reaction of Motorcycle Riders." Vehicles 3, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 840–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vehicles3040050.
Full textAbstract:
In Taiwan, motorcycles are the most commonly used means of transportation and also have the highest accident rate. Because motorcycles are less stable and provide less protection than cars, motorcycle riders are vulnerable in traffic accidents. Furthermore, head trauma is often fatal, causing a great loss to society. Although helmets provide protection to the head, they also affect the visual field of motorcycle riders. However, the literature mostly focuses on the protective effect of helmets after a collision and rarely considers the influence of helmets prior to collisions. In the study design, participants wore three different types of helmet and watched a pre-recorded video of an actual street with pre-placed warning triangles at a speed of 60 km/h. Participants were asked to press a button when they saw a warning triangle. The time between participants seeing the warning triangle and arriving at the warning triangle was calculated. This time is referred to as the “early reaction time.” The number of missed presses and false presses was also recorded. The results of the study show that: (1) Of the three types of helmet, wearing half helmets produced the longest early reaction times, followed by 3/4 helmets, with full face helmets with the shortest early reaction times. (2) Early reaction times when wearing a half helmet were the same as early reaction times when not wearing a helmet. (3) The results for the total number of missed and false presses when wearing the three types of helmet were the same as for the results of the early reaction time analysis. (4) Sex and age had no effect on early reaction times. The experimental results can be used as a reference for helmet design and academic research.
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Y.A, Boateng, Blankson P. K, Mensah E. N. L, Gyau-Darko N. O, Ketemepi G. D. K, Arhin F. K, Bosompem-Acheampong K, Alhassan M, Yeboah-Agyapong M . K, and Salifu H. A. "Factors associated with helmet use among motorcyclists presenting with maxillofacial injuries to a tertiary hospital in Ghana." Ghana Dental Journal 20, no. 1 (December 14, 2023): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gdj.v20i1.3.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Although mandatory helmet laws exist in many countries, compliance has been reported to be poor in some countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. The success of programs aimed at increasing the use of helmets by motorcyclists depends on the identification of the factors associated with helmet usage. Sociodemographic factors have been reported to differ between motorcyclists who consistently wear a helmet and those who do not. The identification of the factors associated with helmet usage would enable the institution of targeted measures to enhance compliance with mandatory helmet laws.Methods: The study examined factors associated with wearing helmets by motorcyclists to inform policies geared towards reducing the burden of motorcycle-related road traffic crashes. This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at the 37 Military Hospital, Accra, Ghana. Demographic data of patients presenting with maxillofacial injuries secondary to motorcycle crashes were consecutively collected and analyzed. The use of a helmet was compared among sex, age category, occupation, and patient role. Statistical significance was inferred at an alpha level of 0.05.Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the use of helmet by male and female motorcyclists. (P=0.537). Middle-aged adults were more likely to wear a helmet as compared with young adults and minors. (P=0.043). Also, 62% of formally employed participants wore helmets, while a disparate 46% and 30% of informally employed and unemployed participants wore helmets at the time of injury. The difference was statistically significant (P=0.019), likewise the comparison of helmet wearing between riders and pillion passengers (P=0.002).Conclusion: The use of helmets by motorcyclists is associated with age, occupation, and role of the motorcyclists. The implementation of mandatory helmet laws needs to consider the attitude of particular population groups to ensure its success.
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Shivaru, Chinmai S., Deeksha Bharath, Chandrakumar R, and R. Sridhar. "A Smart Two–Wheeler Helmet with Sensors." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 17361–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.17361ecst.
Full textAbstract:
Amongst motorcyclists, studies suggest that the use of helmets reduces the risk of fatal injuries by 42% and head injuries by 69%. Ensuring the use of helmets in such scenarios is essential. There have been studies on the use of sensor-based helmets for safety (1). However, efforts on foolproofing the use of helmets are scarce. Hence, a force-sensitive resistor-based mechanism is proposed in this research to ensure that the user wears a helmet while riding.
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Ehrlikh, Vladimir R. "A Helmet of the Archaic Period in the Krasnodar Museum – Problems of Attribution." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 6 (2021): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080016582-7.
Full textAbstract:
In 2020, an illicitly excavated bronze helmet confiscated by the FSB was brought to the Krasnodar Felitsyn State Historical and Archaeological Museum-Reserve. The helmet was assembled from two parts and embellished with engraved geometric and zoomorphic designs. The upper section is marked with a finial crafted from a wax model in shape of the head of a bird of prey. Two other helmets of this type are currently known, both from archaeological complexes: one from the village of Kholodny Rodnik near Tuapse (discovered in 2012), the other from the megalithic burial “Krinitsa-I” (2018 excavations). An analysis of the items found with these helmets allows us to date all three helmets to the 6th century BCE. The Krasnodar helmet is the more elaborately decorated of the three, with geometric ornaments analogous to those on Colchian-Koban bronzes of this period and zoomorphic designs imitating the Scythian Animal Style. All this gives reason to suggest this series of helmets to have been produced on commission for the warrior elite of the Northwestern Caucasus in the workshops of the Central Caucasus, which traditionally produced bronze table wares. The Krasnodar helmet is probably the earliest in this group. A rudimentary rim encircles the entire calotte – a feature going back to cast helmets of the Kuban type. The Krasnodar helmet can be dated to the end of the 7th – first half of the 6th centuries BCE.
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Johnson, Colleen M., Jorge A. Lagares-Garcia, and S. Lee Miller. "When the Bough Breaks: A 10-Year Review of Logging Injuries Treated at a Rural Trauma Center in Pennsylvania." American Surgeon 68, no. 7 (July 2002): 573–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313480206800703.
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The purpose of this study was to describe logging-related injuries at a Pennsylvania trauma center and evaluate the impact of helmets and profession. Charts of patients from 1990 through 1999 admitted after logging accidents were retrospectively reviewed. Most injuries were to the head (71 in 28 patients). Injury Severity Score was greater for helmeted loggers (21.0 vs 11.8; P = 0.02) but did not differ by profession. Mean hospital stay was not significantly different for helmeted loggers (9.6 vs 5.4 days, P = 0.499). Mean length of stay was 8.2 days and 3.5 days for professionals and nonprofessionals, respectively ( P = 0.01). Professional loggers tended to remain hospitalized longer. Helmet use does not appear to affect injury severity; however, this could be a result of the catastrophic nature of many logging accidents. Most loggers in this study were not wearing helmets, which suggests that improved educational efforts are needed to improve safety in this dangerous occupation.
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Fuada, Syifaul, Fendy Hananta P, Arya Kusumawardhana, and Puji Suharmanto. "A Study in Developing a Charger Helmet as Power Bank of Mobile Phone for Motorcyclists." KnE Energy 1, no. 1 (November 1, 2015): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/ken.v1i1.337.
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<p>Wearing a helmet is one of the obligations to be adhered to motorcyclists. Yet, the existence of helmets is not only as protective gear head but also as a lifestyle even leading to advanced technologies, such as 1) color changing helmet, 2) folding helmets, 3) glowing helmets, and so on. Therefore, the innovation has given a touch on the idea of helmet concepts that is more useful than before and a prototype that has never existed before. This paper describes how the concept of helmet charger is. In fact, the innovation is conceptualized to generate electricity from the helmet, which is a photovoltaic solar cell. The electricity generated can be used for various purposes, like charging a cell phone. Furthermore, the things underlying helmets as a means of placing solar cells is that the body heat of the sun which is quite broad and equitable helmet that will help the solar cells to have an ideal position by facing the sun directly. At the end, the helmet covered by solar cells will have been ready to store electrical energy in batteries as much as 12 VDC. This paper describes a helmet design for the solar power charger and a solar-powered helmet design that can generate voltage as needed. </p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> charger, electric energy, helm, photovoltaic cells</p>
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Susanto, Ajib, and Yupie Kusumawati. "Helmet Detection Based on Cascade Classifier and Adaptive Boosting." Journal of Applied Intelligent System 8, no. 2 (July 31, 2023): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33633/jais.v8i2.7392.
Full textAbstract:
The increasing number of traffic accidents caused by motorcyclists not wearing helmets has led to an increase in the number of studies related to road safety surveillance. The research system used is an automatic system to detect whether the motorcyclist is wearing a helmet or not. Many studies use image processing systems, deep learning and computer vision. In this research, Cascade Classifier and Adaptive Boosting have been implemented for the process of identifying motorcycle riders with helmets and without helmets. The number of datasets used is 500 datasets with labels on the image of the driver with a helmet and the image of the driver without a helmet. Based on the test results, an accuracy of 90% has been obtained
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Azhar, Hamzah, Aqbal Hafeez Ariffin, Solah Mohd Syazwan, Mohd Hafzi Md Isa, Yahaya Ahmad, and Wong Shaw Voon. "Comparative Study of Motorcycle Helmets Impact Performance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 575 (June 2014): 306–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.575.306.
Full textAbstract:
Two sets of new and in-service helmets were impact tested using a drop test machine, in accordance to established helmet test protocols. The first test for full helmets was executed in compliance with standard speed requirements of 5.9 m/s in which three of five new helmets performed poorly. The second set utilized lower impact speed of 4 m/s for individual helmet components test. New helmet liners absorbed 5 times more impact energy than the in-service liners while the new shell was 19.3% better in dispersing impact energy than the in-service shell. The undesirable changes in liner thickness have explicit effect on the liner density which is translated into reduction in energy absorbing potential. In brief, exposure to weathering stresses and use intensities has affected helmet impact performance, regardless of service duration.
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Gaevsky, Vitaly, Tatiana Sidorenko, Egor Andreev, and Aanatoly Nefedkin. "Designing a compact helmet for a motorcycle." MATEC Web of Conferences 341 (2021): 00010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134100010.
Full textAbstract:
The paper considers the issues of increasing the passive safety of motor vehicles. The designs of modern helmets are shown, the positive and negative sides are considered, and the systems of their certification are considered. Aspects of creating compact helmets and a conceptual folding helmet are discussed. The design of a folding helmet, the material for making it, is proposed.
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Choi, Yosoon, and Yeanjae Kim. "Applications of Smart Helmet in Applied Sciences: A Systematic Review." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11 (May 29, 2021): 5039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11115039.
Full textAbstract:
A smart helmet is a wearable device that has attracted attention in various fields, especially in applied sciences, where extensive studies have been conducted in the past decade. In this study, the current status and trends of smart helmet research were systematically reviewed. Five research questions were set to investigate the research status of smart helmets according to the year and application field, as well as the trend of smart helmet development in terms of types of sensors, microcontrollers, and wireless communication technology. A total of 103 academic research articles published in the past 11 years (2009–2020) were analyzed to address the research questions. The results showed that the number of smart helmet applications reported in literature has been increasing rapidly since 2018. The applications have focused mostly on ensuring the safety of motorcyclists. A single-board-based modular concept unit, such as the Arduino board, and sensor for monitoring human health have been used the most for developing smart helmets. Approximately 85% of smart helmets have been developed to date using wireless communication technology to transmit data obtained from smart helmets to other smart devices or cloud servers.
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Pieniak, Daniel, and Agata Walczak. "Preliminarny studies on scratch resistance of the face shields surface of firefighting helmets." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 20, no. 1-2 (February 28, 2019): 322–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2019.059.
Full textAbstract:
Nowadays, in rescue operations firefighters of the State Fire Service use firefighting helmets which protect their head. Type B helmets in accordance with PN EN 433 technical norm are most often used. The face shields of firefighting helmets are usually made of transparent polycarbonate. One layer of metalized coatings, usually made in PVD technology are often applied on the shield surface. Sometimes multi-layer and gradient coatings are also applied. The surface of a visor may get damaged. Surface damages limit the field of rescuer view, and also adversely influence on barrier properties of the shield. One of the utility criterion for face shields and glasses of firefighting helmets is scratch resistance. Comparative studies on scratch resistance of surface were performed. The test was conducted with the use of Rockwell diamond cone. Small differences in scratch resistance were shown. The mechanism of surface degradation due to scratch of studied shields were varied. The highest resistance against the indenter was obtained in case of the shield surface of the Kontekst helmet. The lowest surface degradation was observed for the helmet with the shield face covered by metalized coating - Gallet. The face shields of helmets without coating were characterized by higher dam-ages. The highest damage was obtained in case of the Kontekst helmet.