Relevant bibliographies by topics / Helmets

Academic literature on the topic 'Helmets'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Helmets"

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Wang, Fang, Ke Peng, Tiefang Zou, Qiqi Li, Fan Li, Xinghua Wang, Jiapeng Wang, and Zhou Zhou. "Numerical Reconstruction of Cyclist Impact Accidents: Can Helmets Protect the Head-Neck of Cyclists?" Biomimetics 8, no. 6 (September 27, 2023): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8060456.

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Cyclists are vulnerable road users and often suffer head-neck injuries in car–cyclist accidents. Wearing a helmet is currently the most prevalent protection method against such injuries. Today, there is an ongoing debate about the ability of helmets to protect the cyclists’ head-neck from injury. In the current study, we numerically reconstructed five real-world car–cyclist impact accidents, incorporating previously developed finite element models of four cyclist helmets to evaluate their protective performances. We made comparative head-neck injury predictions for unhelmeted and helmeted cyclists. The results show that helmets could clearly lower the risk of severe (AIS 4+) brain injury and skull fracture, as assessed by the predicted head injury criterion (HIC), while a relatively limited decrease in AIS 4+ brain injury risk can be achieved in terms of the analysis of CSDM0.25. Assessment using the maximum principal strain (MPS0.98) and head impact power (HIP) criteria suggests that helmets could lower the risk of diffuse axonal injury and subdural hematoma of the cyclist. The helmet efficacy in neck protection depends on the impact scenario. Therefore, wearing a helmet does not seem to cause a significant neck injury risk level increase to the cyclist. Our work presents important insights into the helmet’s efficacy in protecting the head-neck of cyclists and motivates further optimization of protective equipment.
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Chen, Lin, Zixuan Yu, Benhua Fei, Chaoyang Lin, Changhua Fang, Huanrong Liu, Xinxin Ma, Xiubiao Zhang, and Fengbo Sun. "Study on Performance and Structural Design of Bamboo Helmet." Forests 13, no. 7 (July 12, 2022): 1091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13071091.

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The helmet is a mandatory tool for safe production, and bamboo helmets can be used as an alternative to the traditional plastic safety helmet. In this study, bamboo helmets were modified with urea-formaldehyde resin and have shown excellent impact resistance, good color sensitivity, and high gloss. The excellent performance of the bamboo helmet comes from the structure designed by imitating the gradient characteristics of bamboo and the modification of urea-formaldehyde resin. The pores and defects of bamboo in the helmet modified by urea-formaldehyde resin are filled and repaired. The chemical combination of urea-formaldehyde resin and bamboo reduces bamboo’s crystallinity and improves the bamboo helmet’s impact resistance. The development of bamboo helmets provides a supplement and option for the traditional helmet market while opening up new ways of bamboo utilization.
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Arif, Zeeshan, B. R. Rajanikanth, and Kavitha Prasad. "The Role of Helmet Fastening in Motorcycle Road Traffic Accidents." Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction 12, no. 4 (December 2019): 284–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685458.

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Road traffic accidents are the leading cause of death among the Indian population. Motorcycle accidents are the most prominent type of injuries among road traffic accidents in India. In this prospective cross-sectional study, all the patients attending three centers in north Bangalore, with facial injuries occurring from a motorcycle accident, were included. The subjects were analyzed for the type of collision, helmet use, type of helmet use, and fastening status of the helmets. A total of 311 motorcyclists were included in this study for a period of 18 months (December 2015 to June 2017). There were 79.7% males and 20.3% females. The most prominent age group was 21 to 30 years. The percentage of riders sustaining facial injuries was significantly more in the non-helmeted group. The most common injuries in open face helmets were in the middle and lower third of the face, whereas in closed face helmets it was in the middle third of the face. The numbers of injuries were significantly higher in the nonfastened helmet group as compared with fastened helmet group. Helmet fixation is an important characteristic along with helmet type for the better effectiveness and safety of the helmets for the motorcyclists.
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Sone, Je Yeong, Douglas Kondziolka, Jason H. Huang, and Uzma Samadani. "Helmet efficacy against concussion and traumatic brain injury: a review." Journal of Neurosurgery 126, no. 3 (March 2017): 768–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.2.jns151972.

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Helmets are one of the earliest and most enduring methods of personal protection in human civilization. Although primarily developed for combat purposes in ancient times, modern helmets have become highly diversified to sports, recreation, and transportation. History and the scientific literature exhibit that helmets continue to be the primary and most effective prevention method against traumatic brain injury (TBI), which presents high mortality and morbidity rates in the US. The neurosurgical and neurotrauma literature on helmets and TBI indicate that helmets provide effectual protection against moderate to severe head trauma resulting in severe disability or death. However, there is a dearth of scientific data on helmet efficacy against concussion in both civilian and military aspects. The objective of this literature review was to explore the historical evolution of helmets, consider the effectiveness of helmets in protecting against severe intracranial injuries, and examine recent evidence on helmet efficacy against concussion. It was also the goal of this report to emphasize the need for more research on helmet efficacy with improved experimental design and quantitative standardization of assessments for concussion and TBI, and to promote expanded involvement of neurosurgery in studying the quantitative diagnostics of concussion and TBI. Recent evidence summarized by this literature review suggests that helmeted patients do not have better relative clinical outcome and protection against concussion than unhelmeted patients.
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Zhang, Yuelin, Mayuko Mitsui, Satoru Yoneyama, and Shigeru Aomura. "Influence of Long-Term Use of American Football Helmets on Concussion Risk." Brain Sciences 14, no. 6 (May 24, 2024): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14060537.

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In this study, to discuss the influence of concussion risk from the long-term use of American football helmets on collegiate teams, accident cases during the game are replicated based on game videos by simulations using whole-body numerical models and helmeted finite element human head models. The concussion risks caused by collisions were estimated using the mechanical parameters inside the skull obtained from finite element analyses. In the analyses, the different material properties of helmets identified by free-fall experiments using headform impactor-embedded helmets were used to represent brand-new and long-term-use helmets. After analyzing the five cases, it was observed that wearing a new helmet instead of a long-term-use one resulted in a reduction in the risk of concussion by 1 to 44%. More energy is attenuated by the deformation of the liners of the brand-new helmet, so the energy transferred to the head is smaller than that when wearing the long-term-use helmet. Thus, the long-term use of the helmet reduces its ability to protect the head.
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Teng, Tso-Liang, Cho-Chung Liang, and Van-Hai Nguyen. "Analysis of a bicyclist’s head injury in lateral and frontal impact using the human full-body model." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 231, no. 3 (July 21, 2017): 220–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337117717347.

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Helmets reduce the frequency and severity of head and brain injuries resulting from bicycle crashes. To ensure that all bicycle helmets provide a certain level of effectiveness, helmets are required to satisfy certain standards of construction and material design before they can be sold in the market. Impact protection is the primary consideration of nearly every helmet standard. The general terms for a test for assessing impact protection involve shock absorption. A helmeted headform is dropped onto an anvil and the headform acceleration is measured. However, the test procedures of the existing standards do not properly assess the protection level of helmets against oblique impacts. To investigate bicycle helmets in a real accident scenario, this study simulated the full body of a bicyclist when free falling onto a road. This study considered the normal velocity (VN) of 5.66 m/s and tangential velocity (VT) values of 0, 5, and 10 m/s. Finite element analyses of helmet impact tests were conducted using LS-DYNA software. Moreover, the impact responses obtained using full-body and detached-headform models were compared under identical impact conditions. The analysis results obtained herein can be useful for evaluating helmet quality and guiding future developments in helmet innovation.
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Feler, Joshua, Adrian A. Maung, Rick O'Connor, Kimberly A. Davis, and Jason Gerrard. "Sex-based differences in helmet performance in bicycle trauma." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 75, no. 10 (April 7, 2021): 994–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-215544.

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ObjectivesTo determine the existence of sex-based differences in the protective effects of helmets against common injuries in bicycle trauma.MethodsIn a retrospective cohort study, we identified patients 18 years or older in the 2017 National Trauma Database presenting after bicycle crash. Sex-disaggregated and sex-combined multivariable logistic regression models were calculated for short-term outcomes that included age, involvement with motor vehicle collision, anticoagulant use, bleeding disorder and helmet use. The sex-combined model included an interaction term for sex and helmet use. The resulting exponentiated model parameter yields an adjusted OR ratio of the effects of helmet use for females compared with males.ResultsIn total, 18 604 patients of average age 48.1 were identified, and 18% were female. Helmet use was greater in females than males (48.0% vs 34.2%, p<0.001). Compared with helmeted males, helmeted females had greater rates of serious head injury (37.7% vs 29.9%, p<0.001) despite less injury overall. In sex-disaggregated models, helmet use reduced odds of intracranial haemorrhage and death in males (p<0.001) but not females. In sex-combined models, helmets conferred to females significantly less odds reduction for severe head injury (p=0.002), intracranial bleeding (p<0.001), skull fractures (p=0.001), cranial surgery (p=0.006) and death (p=0.017). There was no difference for cervical spine fracture.ConclusionsBicycle helmets may offer less protection to females compared with males. The cause of this sex or gender-based difference is uncertain, but there may be intrinsic incompatibility between available helmets and female anatomy and/or sex disparity in helmet testing standards.
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Warnica, Meagan J., Jonathan Park, Gillian Cook, Robert Parkinson, Jack P. Callaghan, and Andrew C. Laing. "The influence of repeated chin bar impacts on the protective properties of full-face mountain biking helmets." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 230, no. 4 (August 2, 2016): 213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337115600985.

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Full-face helmets are designed to protect against head and face injuries during downhill and free-ride mountain biking. This study assessed whether multiple impacts and helmet type are related to the protective properties of full-face helmets. A drop tower fitted with a helmeted headform simulated impacts to the chin following a forwards fall. Four models of full-face mountain biking helmets were tested. Three repeated trials were completed for each helmet at four impact velocities. Outcome variables included head injury criterion score, peak force, and peak acceleration. Peak accelerations for all trials were below the 300 g pass/fail criterion used in some testing standards. Multiple impacts reduced helmet protective properties, most noticeably at the higher impact velocities (increases in impact severity measures ranging from 11% to 22% for low and 17% to 49% for higher impact velocities). However, the effects of multiple impacts were smaller than the differences observed across individual helmet types. Helmet protective properties were associated with local chin bar characteristics, most notably chin bar length at higher impact velocities. Towards the goal of reducing overall head/brain injury risk in cyclists, there may be value in complimentary messaging about the importance of repeated impacts and helmet type on the protective properties of downhill mountain biking helmets.
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Mattei, Tobias A., Brandon J. Bond, Carlos R. Goulart, Chris A. Sloffer, Martin J. Morris, and Julian J. Lin. "Performance analysis of the protective effects of bicycle helmets during impact and crush tests in pediatric skull models." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 10, no. 6 (December 2012): 490–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2012.8.peds12116.

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Object Bicycle accidents are a very important cause of clinically important traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children. One factor that has been shown to mitigate the severity of lesions associated with TBI in such scenarios is the proper use of a helmet. The object of this study was to test and evaluate the protection afforded by a children's bicycle helmet to human cadaver skulls with a child's anthropometry in both “impact” and “crushing” situations. Methods The authors tested human skulls with and without bicycle helmets in drop tests in a monorail-guided free-fall impact apparatus from heights of 6 to 48 in onto a flat steel anvil. Unhelmeted skulls were dropped at 6 in, with progressive height increases until failure (fracture). The maximum resultant acceleration rates experienced by helmeted and unhelmeted skulls on impact were recorded by an accelerometer attached to the skulls. In addition, compressive forces were applied to both helmeted and unhelmeted skulls in progressive amounts. The tolerance in each circumstance was recorded and compared between the two groups. Results Helmets conferred up to an 87% reduction in so-called mean maximum resultant acceleration over unhelmeted skulls. In compression testing, helmeted skulls were unable to be crushed in the compression fixture up to 470 pound-force (approximately 230 kgf), whereas both skull and helmet alone failed in testing. Conclusions Children's bicycle helmets provide measurable protection in terms of attenuating the acceleration experienced by a skull on the introduction of an impact force. Moreover, such helmets have the durability to mitigate the effects of a more rare but catastrophic direct compressive force. Therefore, the use of bicycle helmets is an important preventive tool to reduce the incidence of severe associated TBI in children as well as to minimize the morbidity of its neurological consequences.
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Pandey, Arun, Thakur P. Chaturvedi, Naresh K. Sharma, Akhilesh K. Singh, Janani A. Kumar, and Nitesh Mishra. "The immediate impact of mandatory helmet law on maxillo-facial trauma: A comparative study in a major trauma center, Uttar Pradesh." National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery 15, no. 1 (2024): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/njms.njms_313_21.

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ABSTRACT Aim: To analyze the effect of the mandatory helmet rule in helmet usage among motorcycle riders and on facial trauma and to determine the significance of difference in the possibility of facial trauma between the helmeted and non-helmeted motorcycle riders. Setting and Design: A retrospective comparative study conducted in a major trauma center at Uttar Pradesh. Material and Method: Data for the present study was obtained from records of the Emergency Department of Trauma Center, for a period of two months before and after the implementation of The Motor Vehicles Act in UP. The study included patients with a history of non-fatal motorcycle accidents who sustained facial injuries regardless of the presence of injuries to other areas of the body during the study period. Information regarding helmet usage during the accident was also recorded. The results were compared between the pre-law period and post-law period. Statistical Analysis Used: Sample t-test was applied to find the level of significance. Results: Out of 219 injured patients, 152 (69.40%) subjects were not wearing helmets, whereas only 67 (30.59%) subjects were wearing helmets. It was observed that around 68.18% of people stated wearing helmets after law implementation with a statistical significance (P value < 0.05). Conclusion: Our study shows that the mandatory helmet rule with elevated penalty rates has significantly increased the usage of helmet among the motorcycle riders, and it also proves that the possibility of facial trauma is significantly higher in non-helmeted riders when compared to helmeted riders.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Helmets"

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Whitlock, Michael. "A study into the incidence of equestrian injuries and the performance of protective equipment." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250849.

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Manti, Panagiota. "Shiny helmets : investigation of tinning, manufacture and corrosion of Greek helmets (7th-5th c. BC)." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2012. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/33749/.

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This thesis examines surface finishes and tinning on Archaic period (7th-5th c. BC) Greek helmets. Experiments are designed to review and further understanding of what comprises evidence of tinning on low-tin archaeological bronzes and to investigate the efficacy of common and non-destructive methods for its detection. Methods examined include SEM, XRD and neutron diffraction. Problems related to composition analysis are identified and the thesis offers new data on the corrosion profiles of low tin bronzes, which adds to current understanding. A ternary diagram to aid interpretation of compositional data is proposed. This thesis also provides new data on the manufacturing and development of the Corinthian and Illyrian type helmets.
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Mojumder, Sounak. "Motorcyclist helmets under oblique impacts and proposal of a new motorcycle helmet testing method." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAD014.

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Plusieurs études ont montré que dans les accidents réels, la vitesse d’impact de la tête n’est que rarement normale à la surface et présente une composante tangentielle non négligeable. Aucune norme, à l’heure actuelle ne propose de choc oblique avec enregistrement de l’accélération en translation et en rotation de la fausse tête. Un aspect essentiel de cette recherche a été d’aborder les descriptions d’accidents réels impliquant un motocycliste et un véhicule afin d’évaluer les conditions aux limites de la tête juste avant impact, en termes de vecteur vitesse et de localisation d’impact. Cette étude a permis d’établir le vecteur vitesse possible et de l’angle d’impact de la tête du motocycliste en situation. Une méthode de test pour évaluer le casque a été proposée. Les tests d'impact obliques, sont effectués avec une vitesse d’impact de 8.5 m/s sur une enclume inclinée de 45° permettant la rotation autour de l’axe Y X et Z. Les accélérations 6-D sont implémentés dans le modèle SUFEHM afin d’extraire la déformation axonal maximale et le risque lésionnel. Cette fusion de la méthode expérimentale et numérique donne un avantage par rapport aux normes conventionnelles, tant en termes de conditions d’impact qu’en termes de critère de blessure de la tête
It is well know that in case of accident the head does not only impact perpendicularly to the impacted structure but presents an oblique impact condition. However none of the today helmet standards do integrate oblique impacts with the recording of the dummy head rotational acceleration. An essential aspect of the present research is to simulate real world accident and to compute the victim’s kinematic in order to extract the head impact conditions. In collaboration with University Florence (Italy) 19 cases were considered and it was shown that the head impact velocity vector presents a significative angle. A novel helmet test method has been proposed. Helmeted headfoml is impacting a 45° inclined anvil at a speed of 8.5 m/s and the 6D acceleration versus time curves are introduced into an existing head FEM in order to compute the axon strains and to derive the brain injury risk
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Wall, Robert Edward. "Comparison of international certification standards for ice hockey helmets." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26765.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the differences between international certification standards for ice hockey helmets. The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), Canadian Standards Association (CSA) and International Organization Standards (ISO) protocols were compared. Only the impact testing methods at ambient temperatures were examined. Four helmet models, currently available to consumers, were used for testing. No significant differences (p $<$ 0.05) were found between the standards in a rank order comparison. Further analysis of differences, with peak linear accelerations separated by impact locations showed significant differences (p $<$ 0.05) between all standards, at five of the six defined impact sites, with no differences being found between standards at the rear site. Post-hoc pairwise multiple comparisons also showed significant performance differences (p $<$ 0.05) between helmet models.
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Sidelko, Stephanie. "Benchmark of aerodynamic cycling helmets using a refined wind tunnel test protocol for helmet drag research." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40486.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 30).
The study of aerodynamics is very important in the world of cycling. Wind tunnel research is conducted on most of the equipment that is used by a rider and is a critical factor in the advancement of the sport. However, to date, a comprehensive study of time-trial helmets has not been performed. This thesis presents aerodynamic data for the most commonly used time-trial helmets in professional cycling. The helmets were tested at a sweep of yaw angles, from 0⁰ to 15⁰, in increments of 5⁰. The helmets were tested at three head angle positions at each yaw angle in order to best mimic actual riding conditions. A control road helmet was used to serve as a comparative tool. In order to maintain manufacturer confidentiality, the helmets were all randomly assigned variables. Thus, the thesis presents ranges of benefit and drag numbers, but does not rank by helmet name. The testing results showed that aerodynamic helmets offer drag reduction over a standard road helmet. The best and the worst performing helmets are all more aerodynamic than a road helmet.
by Stephanie Sidelko.
S.B.
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Dezső, Tamás. "Near Eastern helmets of the Iron Age /." Oxford : J. and E. Hedges, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40063039g.

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Courchaine, Lorette. "Helmets off: Spenser's Britomart and Radigund Unveiled." W&M ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625982.

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Altinsoy, Sinan. "Zero-Power Fall Detection System for Smart Helmets." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21618/.

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The widespread use of vehicles has led to an increase in traffic accidents. In these accidents, motorcyclists are exposed to more risks because they are more vulnerable than car drivers. With the development of technology, manufacturers have increased their work on vehicle security systems. Advancements in these studies which are being applied in daily life resulted in a reduction of risks in accidents. In this thesis, Zero-Power Fall Detection System is developed for smart helmets, which is a safety system for motorcycles. Since the lifetime of electronic devices has become one of the most important features of today, the aim of this study is to design a self-sustainable fall detection system that consumes as low power as possible. First, the system is designed with Piezoelectric Wake-up Circuits, a microcontroller unit with bluetooth low energy communication and a self-sustainable battery management system with high efficiency power recovery. Then, a fall detection algorithm is designed to send a message to a smartphone, tablet or etc. through bluetooth low energy connection when hazardous situations are detected. Based on this algorithm, the software of the system is prepared. Finally, field tests have been carried out and according to the results, it has been shown that the fall detection system developed is functional and has a very low power consumption.
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Probert, Lorraine L. "Self-reported equestrian behavior regarding protective headgear." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1107.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1999.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 117 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-105).
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Hakim-Zadeh, Roghieh. "Durability of ice hockey helmets to repeated impacts." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29505.

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This study evaluated the mechanical durability of ice hockey helmets for multiple impacts at defined energy levels. A monorail drop testing apparatus was used to conduct controlled impact tests according to the CSA standard (CAN/CSA-Z262.1-M90). Five ice hockey helmet models were tested, for a total sample of 45 helmets. All helmets were impacted up to 50 times at each of in four different locations (i.e. front, right side, back, and crown), at one of 40, 50 or 60 J of kinetic energies. In general, by increasing the impact energy, the impact acceleration attenuation properties of the helmets was decreased significantly (from 4% to 80%). Although all the helmets meet the CSA standards, attenuation properties were found to be substantially reduced beyond three repeated impacts and above 40 J impact energy. In particular, all helmets showed effective multiple impact attenuation properties at the crown, front, and rear sites; however, poor multiple impact attenuation durability was evident at the side.
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Books on the topic "Helmets"

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Stephan, Laux Walter, Hultenreich Jürgen K. 1948-, Kunsthaus Frankenthal, and Städtische Galerie Speyer, eds. Werkverzeichnis Harald Alexander Klimek 1959-2010. Berlin: Deutscher Kunstverlag, 2010.

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Blaxland, Wendy. Helmets. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2011.

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M, Lippert Thomas, and Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers., eds. Helmet-mounted displays III: 21-22 April 1992, Orlando, Florida. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 1992.

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Robilliard, David. Swallowing helmets. Eindhoven: Van Abbemuseum, 1987.

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Marzetti, Paolo. Elmetti: Helmets. Parma: E. Albertelli, 2003.

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Hicks, Kelly. SS helmets. Denison, Tex: Reddick Enterprises, 1993.

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Prodger, Mick J. Vintage flying helmets: Aviation headgear before the jet age. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Pub., 1995.

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Bicycle Association of Great Britain., ed. Helmets: Choosing a cycle helmet that's right for you. Coventry: Bicycle Association, 1994.

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Ahlström, Ingemar. Helmets for all: Nice looking helmets reduce head injuries. Vällingby: Konsument Verket, 1989.

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Tylisz, Dan. NORMANDY 44: German helmets. Paris, France: HISTOIRE & COLLECTIONS, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Helmets"

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Jaju, Vanshhita, and Saurav Sulam. "Smart Helmets." In Handbook of Artificial Intelligence and Wearables, 286–98. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781032686714-19.

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Bauwens, Merlin, Sarah de Graaf, Alexandra Vermeir, Shriram Mukunthan, and Guido De Bruyne. "Thermal Performance of Equestrian Helmets." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 323–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20145-6_32.

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McIntosh, Andrew S., and Declan A. Patton. "Helmets: Technological Innovations for Safety." In Extreme Sports Medicine, 407–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28265-7_32.

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"Helmets." In Roman Imperial Armour, 79–94. Oxbow Books, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvh1dt0h.12.

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Ownby, Cynthia Michaud. "CRASH HELMETS." In Finding Their Voices, 183–90. Abilene Christian University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv310vntf.26.

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"Bicycle Helmets." In Encyclopedia of Trauma Care, 202. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29613-0_100193.

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"Bike Helmets." In Encyclopedia of Trauma Care, 205. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29613-0_100195.

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"Bicycle Helmets." In Pediatric Clinical Practice Guidelines & Policies, 1003. 14th ed. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781581108613-part05-bicycle.

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"Bicycle Helmets." In Pediatric Clinical Practice Guidelines & Policies, 1213. 18th ed. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781610021494-part05-bicycle_helmets.

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"Bicycle Helmets." In Pediatric Clinical Practice Guidelines & Policies, 1388. 17th ed. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781610020862-part05-bicycle.

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Conference papers on the topic "Helmets"

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Przekwas, Andrzej, X. G. Tan, Z. J. Chen, Xianlian Zhou, Debbie Reeves, Patrick Wilkerson, H. Q. Yang, Vincent Harrand, and Valeta Carol Chancey. "Computational Modeling of Helmet Structural Dynamics During Blunt Impacts." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12958.

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A combat helmet is a helmet designed specifically for use during combat. The Advanced Combat Helmet (ACH) was developed to be the next generation of protective combat helmets for use by the United States Army. The ACH replaces the former Personnel Armor System for Ground Troops (PASGT) helmet. The ACH has improved design features such as lighter weight, chinstrap retention system, and pad suspension system, with more comfortable fit. It is also design to allow maximum sensory and situational awareness for the operator. The design process for combat helmets can be expensive due to prototype fabrications and physical testing, which can include user-acceptance, retention evaluation, quality assurance, and ballistic and blunt impact performance testing. The physical testing required for both ballistic and blunt impact testing destroys prototype and product line helmets. In order to speed up the design process and reduce the cost associated with prototype fabrications and physical testing, we developed a multi-physics helmeted-head computational model to simulate blunt impacts to a combat helmet. The blunt impact performance of a combat helmet was evaluated using computer model by simulating the structural dynamics of the helmet during and after the impacts. This helmeted-head model is a part of a more extensive computational model to analyze the biomechanics of head injury.
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Sarvghad-Moghaddam, Hesam, Ashkan Eslaminejad, Nassibeh Hosseini, Mariusz Ziejewski, and Ghodrat Karami. "Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Blast Wave Interaction With Head and Helmet." In ASME 2017 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2017-69448.

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Blast waves are generated upon release of a large amount of energy in few milliseconds. Upon release, these high pressure waves propagate rapidly and interact with human head and lead to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Understanding the mechanics of blast flow would allow us to develop effective tools to protect the head against these shockwaves. Military helmets are known as the most effective tool for protecting the soldier’s head against blast threats. However, due to the complicated nature of the shockwave development and propagation, as well as its interaction with head and helmet, the efficiency of helmets is still in question. The major problem with using helmets under blast loading is the entrapment of blast shockwaves inside the helmet gap and its reflection from the interior of the helmet’s shell. Moreover, development of an amplified pressure region at the opposite side of the incoming blast waves, referred to as the underwash effect of helmets has raised some concerns. To this end, we performed a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis to better understand the mechanism of the blast shockwave interaction with head, as well as the effect of the helmet on the alteration of flow mechanics. The compressible, turbulent blast flow was simulated in ANSYS CFX by releasing the air from a high-pressure domain into the low-pressure one (at ambient pressure). The un/protected heads were exposed to an identical blast overpressure of 520 kPa in a frontal open blast scenario. Pressure contours and velocity profiles were recorded at several time instances for both unprotected and helmeted heads. Our primary results revealed that the change of the flow momentum inside the helmet gap, the reunion of the blast flow inside the gap as well as the development of adverse pressure gradient (and hence recirculating flow region) at the rear side of the head are the major reasons leading to this adverse phenomenon.
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Tan, X. Gary, and Amit Bagchi. "Computational Analysis for Validation of Blast Induced Traumatic Brain Injury and Protection of Combat Helmet." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87689.

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Current understanding of blast wave transmission and mechanism of primary traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the role of helmet is incomplete thus limiting the development of protection and therapeutic measures. Combat helmets are usually designed based on costly and time consuming laboratory tests, firing range, and forensic data. Until now advanced medical imaging and computational modeling tools have not been adequately utilized in the design and optimization of combat helmets. The goal of this work is to develop high fidelity computational tools, representative virtual human head and combat helmet models that could help in the design of next generation helmets with improved blast and ballistic protection. We explore different helmet configurations to investigate blast induced brain biomechanics and understand the protection role of helmet by utilizing an integrated experimental and computational method. By employing the coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian fluid structure interaction (FSI) approach we solved the dynamic problem of helmet and head under the blast exposure. Experimental shock tube tests of the head surrogate provide benchmark quality data and were used for the validation of computational models. The full-scale computational NRL head-neck model with a combat helmet provides physical quantities such as acceleration, pressure, strain, and energy to blast loads thus provides a more complete understanding of the conditions that may contribute to TBI. This paper discusses possible pathways of blast energy transmission to the brain and the effectiveness of helmet systems at blast loads. The existing high-fidelity image-based finite element (FE) head model was applied to investigate the influence of helmet configuration, suspension pads, and shell material stiffness. The two-phase flow model was developed to simulate the helium-air shock wave interaction with the helmeted head in the shock tube. The main contribution was the elucidation of blast wave brain injury pathways, including wave focusing in ocular cavities and the back of head under the helmet, the effect of neck, and the frequency spectrum entering the brain through the helmet and head. The suspension material was seen to significantly affect the ICP results and energy transmission. These findings can be used to design next generation helmets including helmet shape, suspension system, and eye protection.
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Yang, Yang, Chie Nara, Xiaoshi Chen, and Ichiro Hagiwara. "Investigation of Helmet Based on Origami Structures." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67391.

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The earthquake is a natural disaster which is irresistible and hard to forecast. In the earthquakes, the helmets play an important role in protecting the head of people. The traditional helmets have some disadvantages of storability. Even very few foldable helmets have been designed, the price of them are expensive. In order to overcome these disadvantages, and from the prospect of application to origami-engineering, we challenged to invent a foldable helmet based on origami structures. We designed the helmet using the origami structures of accordion cover origami structure/honeycomb origami structure and the low-priced energy absorption material of corrugated cardboard. Because the designed origami helmet is necessary to satisfy the safety performance, the impact FEM analyses are done to investigate the mechanical characteristics of the designed origami helmets. And the experiments are also done to confirm the safety performance of the designed helmets. Finally, the numerical analysis results are compared with the experimental results.
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Kalapa, David A. K. "Evaluation of Football Helmets to Prevent Concussions." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-36290.

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Football players experience impacts to the head, some of which cause mild traumatic brain injuries known as concussions. Players wear helmets to reduce injury risk, and this study compares two helmets to determine their effectiveness in reducing potential concussions. The helmets analyzed are a “classic” type made of large foam pad pieces, and a “new” type made of small honeycomb pads. Both helmets share the same external polycarbonate shell & padding materials. Three helmet to helmet collisions are studied: case one: “classic on classic,” case two: “classic on new,” & case three: “new on new.” Using finite element analysis method, stresses and contact pressures are calculated. For three collisions with the same forces applied, a player in case one experiences 0.96 MPa contact pressure at the skull, while a player in case three experiences 0.87 MPa. In case two the player wearing the “new” helmet is exposed to 0.9 MPa at the skull, while the player wearing the “classic” is exposed to 0.95 MPa at the skull. It is concluded that if a player uses a “classic” instead of “new” helmet, pressure on the skull is reduced by 9.4%, reducing the risk of that player sustaining a concussion.
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CAITLIN M. WEAVER, CAITLIN M., TIMOTHY G. BAUMER, BRIAN T. FAGAN, and KARIN A. RAFAELS. "FINITE ELEMENT (FE) EVALUATION OF DYNAMIC COMBAT HELMET TRANSIENT DEFORMATION CONTACT AREA ON A HEADFORM." In 32ND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BALLISTICS. Destech Publications, Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/ballistics22/36117.

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Current ballistic helmets are designed to protect the head from penetrating threats. The compliance of composite helmet materials allows for ballistic transient deformation (BTD) of helmets that defeat a threat. These BTDs can result in a unique set of injuries known as behind-helmet blunt trauma (BHBT). Quantifying the loading behind the helmet to help understand the risk for BHBT has been challenging because the BTD occurs at high velocities with high loads that is obscured by the helmet itself. For this study, finite element (FE) simulations of a combat helmet, with and without a suspension system (i.e., pads), impacted by a ballistic threat were performed to evaluate contact area and regional force concentrations of BTD on a headform surrogate. Overall, the results indicate that the helmet pads significantly influence the contact area and magnitudes of the loading from BTD. The loading behavior differed between the front and side helmet impacts, most likely from differences in the position of the pads relative to the center of impact. Understanding the spatial and temporal evolution of loading on the head, and the components of the protection system that influence the loading is important to identify potential vulnerabilities or design strategies for combat helmets.
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Sznitman, Josue´, Fabien Kritter, Thomas Ro¨sgen, and Paul A. Bru¨hwiler. "Flow Visualization of Bicycle Helmets for Optimal Ventilation Design." In ASME 2005 Summer Heat Transfer Conference collocated with the ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2005-72751.

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Bicycle helmets present complex geometries intended for protection and ventilation. Models often seem driven by esthetic considerations rather than by designs for optimal ventilation. To quantify the amount of flow entering a helmet, four bicycle helmets were investigated using flow visualization in a water tunnel, at representative riding speed for two helmet inclinations. Design features such as location of vents, visors and wall thickness of openings were examined as potential factors influencing ventilation efficiency. Cross-sections of streamtubes available for ventilation ahead of a helmet were evaluated. Results revealed that several helmet openings were seldom ventilated making them largely ineffective for forced convection under the given conditions. Velocities of the flow entering helmet vents were estimated to decrease by a factor &gt; 3 relative to the freestream and varied from one vent to another. The general trend observed for velocities was described by a simple analytical model based on channel flow.
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Shah, Parth, Tejeswar Yarlagadda, Ameersing Luximon, Dong An, and Yan Luximon. "An evaluation of material customized modular protective helmets." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001506.

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Helmets are often recommended as primary safety equipment for protecting the head. Several studies have been conducted to test the effectiveness of different impact-absorbing liner materials and their response to high impact loading. The standard helmets have an impact-absorbing liner of a single material, which may not be the best design approach. Hence, the possibility of modular helmet liner design with two different materials has been explored in this study. The chapter presents a preliminary Finite element analysis (FEA) study to evaluate the performance of hard foam, soft foam and a combination of both the foams as impact-absorbing liners for helmets. The results suggest that the hard foam liner showed better performance for high impact loads, while the soft foam liner was more effective for low impact loads. The results also indicated that the modular design-based helmet liners developed using both the hard and soft foam performed better than single foam liners.
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Jenson, Daniel, and Vinu Unnikrishnan. "Multiscale Simulation of Ballistic Composites for Blast Induced Traumatic Brain Injury Mitigation." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-40262.

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The effectiveness of helmets in preventing internal damage due to blast waves requires understanding of not just the strength of the helmet material but also its energy absorption characteristics. To understand and develop ballistic helmets with improved protection, it is necessary to develop computational procedures that will enable the accurate modeling of traumatic head injuries as well as the precise measurement of the mechanical properties of composite materials used in helmets. In this study, a multiscale simulation strategy is used to estimate the mechanical characteristics of advanced composite structures with embedded nanostructures in a ballistic material. In most of the previous theoretical works, an analysis dedicated to improving the design of the helmet using composite nano-structures was not included due to a lack of understanding of the interactions of the nano-structures with the matrix materials. In this work, the role of the helmet on the over pressurization and impulse experienced by the head during blast wave is studied. The properties of the nano-composite materials are estimated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and the properties are scaled to the macroscopic level using continuum mechanics formulations. Finally, the analysis is also carried out on an unprotected head to compare the results to those obtained when protected by a helmet containing carbon nanotubes. The developed multiscale model can be used to improve the composition of helmets and the understanding of the traumatic effect of blast shock wave, thereby leading to the mitigation and prevention of traumatic head injuries.
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Kulkarni, S. G., X. L. Gao, N. V. David, S. E. Horner, and J. Q. Zheng. "Ballistic Helmets: Their Design, Materials, and Performance Against Traumatic Brain Injury." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-86340.

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Protecting a soldier’s head from injury is critical to function and survivability. Traditionally, combat helmets have been utilized to provide protection against shrapnel and ballistic threats, which have reduced head injuries and fatalities. However, home-made bombs or improvised explosive devices (IEDs) have been increasingly used in theatre of operations since the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts. Traumatic brain injury (TBI), particularly blast-induced TBI, which is typically not accompanied by external body injuries, is becoming increasingly prevalent among injured soldiers. The response of personal protective equipment, especially combat helmets, to blast events is relatively unknown. There is an urgent need to develop head protection systems with blast protection/ mitigation capabilities in addition to ballistic protection. Modern military operations, ammunitions, and technology driven war tactics require a lightweight headgear that integrates protection mechanisms (against ballistics, blasts, heat, and noise), sensors, night vision devices, and laser range finders into a single system. The current paper provides a comparative study on the design, materials, ballistic and blast performance of the combat helmets used by the U.S. Army based on a comprehensive and critical review of existing studies. Mechanisms of ballistic energy absorption, effects of helmet curvatures on ballistic performance, and performance measures of helmets are discussed. Properties of current helmet materials (including Kevlar® K29 and K129 fibers, and thermoset resins) and future candidate materials for helmets (such as nano-composites, thermoplastic polymers, and carbon fibers) are elaborated. Also, experimental and computational studies on blast-induced TBI are examined, and constitutive models developed for brain tissues are reviewed. Finally, the effectiveness of current combat helmets against TBI is analyzed along with possible avenues for future research.
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Reports on the topic "Helmets"

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Davoudi Kakhki, Fatemeh, and Maria Chierichetti. Exploring the Relationship Between Mandatory Helmet Use Regulations and Adult Cyclists’ Behavior in California Using Hybrid Machine Learning Models. Mineta Transportation Institute, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2024.

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In California, bike fatalities increased by 8.1% from 2015 to 2016. Even though the benefits of wearing helmets in protecting cyclists against trauma in cycling crash has been determined, the use of helmets is still limited, and there is opposition against mandatory helmet use, particularly for adults. Therefore, exploring perceptions of adult cyclists regarding mandatory helmet use is a key element in understanding cyclists’ behavior, and determining the impact of mandatory helmet use on their cycling rate. The goal of this research is to identify sociodemographic characteristics and cycling behaviors that are associated with the use and non-use of bicycle helmets among adults, and to assess if the enforcement of a bicycle helmet law will result in a change in cycling rates. This research develops hybrid machine learning models to pinpoint the driving factors that explain adult cyclists’ behavior regarding helmet use laws.
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McEntire, B. J., and Dennis F. Shanahan. Mass Requirements for Helicopter Aircrew Helmets,. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada328597.

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Pojani, Dorina. Encouraging cycling could involve ditching helmets. Edited by S. Vicknesan. Monash University, July 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54377/9d77-cec1.

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Kistner, Mark D., Larry L. Wiley, and Robert P. Cassoni. Evaluation of Comfort Liners for Pilot Helmets. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada294242.

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Crowley, John S. Hellcopter Aircrew Helmets and Head Injury: A Protective Effect. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada372992.

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Swayne, Billy J., and Hilary L. Gallagher. The Impact of Wearing Ballistic Helmets on Sound Localization. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada582227.

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Begonia, Mark, Bethany Rowson, Blake Scicli, and John Eric Goff. Influence of Impact Location on Performance of Rock Climbing Helmets. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317511.

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Robinette, Kathleen M., and Jennifer J. Whitestone. Methods for Characterizing the Human Head for the Design of Helmets. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada263875.

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Vilar-Carrasquillo, Luis D., and Brian E. Anderson. Impact reduction in football helmets due to application of externally applied foam. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1091312.

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Pint, Steven M. Investigation of the Human Response to Upper Torso Retraction with Weighted Helmets. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada594764.

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