Journal articles: 'Height'

1

Ananga, N., R. Coleman, and C. Rizos. "ZERO-EPOCH HEIGHTS AND HEIGHT VELOCITIES." Survey Review 32, no. 251 (January 1994): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/sre.1994.32.251.307.

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Ahn, Ki, Kwang-Sig Lee, Se Lee, Sung Kwon, Sunghun Na, Kyongjin Kim, Hye Kang, et al. "Predictors of Newborn’s Weight for Height: A Machine Learning Study Using Nationwide Multicenter Ultrasound Data." Diagnostics 11, no. 7 (July 16, 2021): 1280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11071280.

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There has been no machine learning study with a rich collection of clinical, sonographic markers to compare the performance measures for a variety of newborns’ weight-for-height indicators. This study compared the performance measures for a variety of newborns’ weight-for-height indicators based on machine learning, ultrasonographic data and maternal/delivery information. The source of data for this study was a multi-center retrospective study with 2949 mother–newborn pairs. The mean-squared-error-over-variance measures of five machine learning approaches were compared for newborn’s weight, newborn’s weight/height, newborn’s weight/height2 and newborn’s weight/hieght3. Random forest variable importance, the influence of a variable over average node impurity, was used to identify major predictors of these newborns’ weight-for-height indicators among ultrasonographic data and maternal/delivery information. Regarding ultrasonographic fetal biometry, newborn’s weight, newborn’s weight/height and newborn’s weight/height2 were better indicators with smaller mean-squared-error-over-variance measures than newborn’s weight/height3. Based on random forest variable importance, the top six predictors of newborn’s weight were the same as those of newborn’s weight/height and those of newborn’s weight/height2: gestational age at delivery time, the first estimated fetal weight and abdominal circumference in week 36 or later, maternal weight and body mass index at delivery time, and the first biparietal diameter in week 36 or later. These six predictors also ranked within the top seven for large-for-gestational-age and the top eight for small-for-gestational-age. In conclusion, newborn’s weight, newborn’s weight/height and newborn’s weight/height2 are more suitable for ultrasonographic fetal biometry with smaller mean-squared-error-over-variance measures than newborn’s weight/height3. Machine learning with ultrasonographic data would be an effective noninvasive approach for predicting newborn’s weight, weight/height and weight/height2.

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Bengoa Martínez de Manjodana, J. L. "Stand top heigh estimation from “plot top height”. Advantages versus Assman top height." Forest Systems 8, no. 3 (December 1, 1999): 311–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/645.

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Assman top height is a parameter whose measurement or estimation is tiring in the practice and presents some inconveniences from a stadistical point of view which lessens efectiviness. Considering it’s a dasometric parameter widely used in Spain and with important silvicultural implications, we consider it suitable to look for alternatives which solve the faults of the aforesaid top height. In this paper we propose, as an alternative, the criterion used by the English management tables that not only consider with accuracy the top height concept but is more operative from a practical point of view and easy to handle from an stadistical one. In this management table a stand top height is defined as an average value of a variable number of top height trees. A top height tree is defined as the thickest tree height in a 100 m2 plot. Depending on the heterogeneity and extension of the stand more or less plots will be necessary to estimate its top height with a determined accuracy.

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Hancock, David W., Ronald L. Brooks, and Dennis W. Lockwood. "Effects of height acceleration on Geosat heights." Journal of Geophysical Research 95, no. C3 (1990): 2843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/jc095ic03p02843.

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Brandt, Thomas, and Doreen Huppert. "Fear of heights and visual height intolerance." Current Opinion in Neurology 27, no. 1 (February 2014): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wco.0000000000000057.

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Alizo, G., J. D. Sciarretta, S. Gibson, K. Muertos, A. Romano, J. Davis, and A. Pepe. "Fall from heights: does height really matter?" European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery 44, no. 3 (June 22, 2017): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00068-017-0799-1.

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7

Theintz, G., H. Howald, Y. Allemann, and P. C. Sizonenko. "67 PARENTAL HEIGHTS, TARGET-HEIGHT AND ADULT HEIGHT PROGNOSIS OF YOUNG FEMALE GYMNASTS AND SWIMMERS." Pediatric Research 24, no. 4 (October 1988): 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/00006450-198810000-00088.

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Ipsen, J., N. Nowak-Szczepanska, A. Gomula, C. Aßmann, and M. Hermanussen. "The association of body height, height variability and inequality." Anthropologischer Anzeiger 73, no. 1 (April 1, 2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2015/0623.

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David Mayunga, Selassie. "Determination and Analysis of Height Differences between Orthometric and Ellipsoidal Heights for Engineering Applications." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 12, no. 8 (August 5, 2023): 1653–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr23815133647.

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10

Pazuki, Fabien. "Theta height and Faltings height." Bulletin de la Société mathématique de France 140, no. 1 (2012): 19–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24033/bsmf.2623.

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Moelyo, Annang Giri, Andre Christiawan Susanto, Bella Monika Rajagukguk, and Jonathan Billy Christian Tjiayadi. "Knee height and knee height/height ratio of healthy schoolchildren." Paediatrica Indonesiana 60, no. 5 (July 29, 2020): 233–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi60.5.2020.233-8.

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Background Knee height (KH) is rarely used to estimate stature in children, although its measurement might have benefit because not influenced by some musculoskeletal disorder in spinal region. Knee height and knee height/height ratio are typical in children due to different in pubertal timing of each child. Objective To derive a formula to estimate body height using knee height and to analyze the patterns of knee height and knee height/height ratio of healthy schoolchildren. Methods This cross-sectional study involved healthy children in one elementary school and one junior high school in Surakarta, Central Java. Demographic data were collected (sex, age, and ethnicity). All anthropometric measurements (height, weight, sitting height, and knee height) were taken three times, and their means were calculated. Linear regression analysis was used to compare height from knee height and sitting height. Non-parametric analysis through locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOWESS) was used to analyze the growth patterns of knee height, knee height/height ratio, and sitting height/height ratio. Results There were 633 children (328 boys and 305 girls) in this study. The formulas for the estimation of height were as follows: for boys, 2.40 × KH (cm) + 1.36 × age (years) + 20.31; and for girls, 2.48 × KH (cm) + 1.15 × age (years) + 19.58 (adjusted R2=0.97). Knee height increased earlier than sitting height in both boys and girls during childhood to adolescent period. Boys had a longer period of knee height increment than girls. Conclusion Knee height may be a useful alternative to estimate height in children. Knee height increases faster than height and sitting height in both boys and girls.

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Bundak, Rüveyde, Firdevs Bas, Andrzej Furman, Hülya Günöz, Feyza Darendeliler, Nurçin Saka, Şükran Poyrazoğlu, and Olcay Neyzi. "Sitting height and sitting height/height ratio references for Turkish children." European Journal of Pediatrics 173, no. 7 (January 9, 2014): 861–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00431-013-2212-3.

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13

Li, Mei, Zengyuan Li, Qingwang Liu, and Erxue Chen. "Comparison of Coniferous Plantation Heights Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Laser Scanning and Stereo Photogrammetry." Remote Sensing 13, no. 15 (July 23, 2021): 2885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13152885.

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Plantation forests play a critical role in forest products and ecosystems. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing has become a promising technology in forest related applications. The stand heights will reflect the growth and competition of individual trees in plantation. UAV laser scanning (ULS) and UAV stereo photogrammetry (USP) can both be used to estimate stand heights using different algorithms. Thus, this study aimed to deeply explore the variations of four kinds of stand heights including mean height, Lorey’s height, dominated height, and median height of coniferous plantations using different models based on ULS and USP data. In addition, the impacts of thinned point density of 30 pts to 10 pts, 5 pts, 1 pts, and 0.8 pts/m2 were also analyzed. Forest stand heights were estimated from ULS and USP data metrics by linear regression and the prediction accuracy was assessed by 10-fold cross validation. The results showed that the prediction accuracy of the stand heights using metrics from USP was basically as good as that of ULS. Lorey’s height had the highest prediction accuracy, followed by dominated height, mean height, and median height. The correlation between height percentiles metrics from ULS and USP increased with the increased height. Different stand heights had their corresponding best height percentiles as variables based on stand height characteristics. Furthermore, canopy height model (CHM)-based metrics performed slightly better than normalized point cloud (NPC)-based metrics. The USP was not able to extract exact terrain information in a continuous coniferous plantation for forest canopy cover (CC) over 0.49. The combination of USP and terrain from ULS can be used to estimate forest stand heights with high accuracy. In addition, the estimation accuracy of each forest stand height was slightly affected by point density, which can also be ignored.

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O'Keeffe, Linda M., Abigail Fraser, and Laura D. Howe. "Accounting for height in indices of body composition during childhood and adolescence." Wellcome Open Research 4 (July 5, 2019): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15280.1.

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Correlations of body composition with height vary by age and sex during childhood. Standard approaches to accounting for height in measures of body composition (dividing by height (in meters)2) do not take this into account. Using measures of total body mass (TBM), fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM) at ages nine, 11, 13, 15 and 18 years from a longitudinal UK cohort study (ALSPAC), we calculated indices of body composition at each age by dividing measures by height (in meters)2. We then produced age-and sex-specific powers of height using allometric regressions and calculated body composition indices by dividing measures by height raised to these powers. TBM, FM and FFM divided by height2 were correlated with height up-to age 11 in females. In males, TBM and FM divided by height2 were correlated with height up-to age 15 years while FM divided by height2 was correlated with height up-to age 11 years. Indices of body composition using age-and sex-specific powers were not correlated with height at any age. In early life, age-and sex-specific powers of height, rather than height in meters2, should be used to adjust body composition for height when measures of adiposity/mass independent of height are required.

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Su, Pen-Hua, Shuli Wang, and Jia-Yuh Chen. "Estimating Final Height from Parental Heights and Sex in Taiwanese." Human Biology 79, no. 3 (2007): 283–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hub.2007.0039.

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16

Huppert, Doreen, Eva Grill, and Thomas Brandt. "Down on heights? One in three has visual height intolerance." Journal of Neurology 260, no. 2 (October 16, 2012): 597–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-012-6685-1.

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17

Lotteraner, Christoph, and Martin Piringer. "Mixing-Height Time Series from Operational Ceilometer Aerosol-Layer Heights." Boundary-Layer Meteorology 161, no. 2 (July 9, 2016): 265–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10546-016-0169-2.

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18

Ya-Ying, Liu. "Comparisons of recent data of density scale height at 544-877 km with CIRA model." Annales Geophysicae 14, no. 2 (February 29, 1996): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-996-0222-4.

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Abstract. In order to obtain the observed scale height at high altitude a calculation method has been derived for determining density scale height from the difference between two satellite's heights. Two balloon satellites, Chinese DQ-1A and DQ-1B, were launched together into a nearly circular orbit at a height near 900 km and they were together in orbit for 190 days. According to the difference of the orbital heights of these two balloon satellites from 19 September 1990 to 9 March 1991, 67 values of density scale height at heights of about 544–877 km were determined. In comparison with CIRA model the results show that: (1) the trend of the variation of the scale height with height is in agreement with CIRA; (2) the determined scale height values present an oscillatory variation with time and height; and (3) the mean of the observed scale height is 3.7% lower than the mean of corresponding values from CIRA-72 and 0.8% lower than CIRA-86.

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19

Takeoka, Hajime, and Kageyu Noro. "Effects of desk height on seat height." Japanese journal of ergonomics 29, Supplement (1993): 440–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5100/jje.29.supplement_440.

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Zhong, Z. W., and Z. Zheng. "Flying height deviations in glide height tests." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 105, no. 3 (August 2003): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-4247(03)00085-2.

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Ingram, Patrick. "The critical height is a moduli height." Duke Mathematical Journal 167, no. 7 (May 2018): 1311–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00127094-2017-0053.

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22

Kuhar, Miran, Robert Brglez, and Božo Koler. "Quality determination of mean sea level heights with GNSS levelling on the Ljubljana city area." Geodetski vestnik 65, no. 02 (2021): 219–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15292/geodetski-vestnik.2021.02.219-233.

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This paper describes the quality determination of heights above mean sea level using RTK GNSS-levelling and new height reference surface SLO_VRP2016/Koper on the city area of Ljubljana. At 57 chosen benchmarks, quasigeoid heights were determined using ellipsoidal heights, determined with RTK GNNS-levelling technique and heights above mean sea level in the new height system SVS2010. The measured quasigeoid heights were compared with values interpolated from the new height reference surface SLO_VRP2016/Koper.

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Moelyo, Annang Giri, Lucky Yogasatria, Yusak Aditya Setyawan, and Evi Rokhayati. "Sitting height, sitting height/height ratio, arm span and arm span-height difference of healthy adolescents in Surakarta, Indonesia." Paediatrica Indonesiana 58, no. 3 (June 8, 2018): 138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi58.3.2018.138-45.

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Background Sitting height, sitting height/height ratio (SHR), arm span, and arm span-height difference (AHD) are indices to diagnose conditions of disproportion. Reference data on sitting height, SHR, arm span, and AHD for Indonesian children are limited. Objective To compile reference data on sitting height, SHR, arm span, and AHD in Indonesian adolescents, and to compare these indices for boys and girls at various ages. Methods A population-based survey was conducted from August 2016 to November 2017 in three high schools in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. A convenience sampling method was employed to recruit healthy adolescents without history of chronic disease, history of physical trauma, and/or physical disabilities. All subjects underwent anthropometric measurements (height, weight, sitting height, and arm span), and their ethnic origins were noted. The lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) method was used for reference construction. Results Of 639 subjects, 42% were male. Body mass index (BMI) values were similar between males and females. Mean height, weight, sitting height, and arm span of males were greater than those of females. The mean male and female SHRs were 51.1 (SD 1.6) % and 51.0 (SD 1.6) %, respectively (P=0.36), while the mean AHDs were 4.2 (SD 4.5) cm and 3.4 (SD 4.1) cm, respectively (P=0.02). The formula to estimate height based on arm span in males was [height = (0.78 x arm span) + 32.14] in cm. The formula in females was [height = (0.66 x arm span) + 50.59] in cm. Conclusion There was no significant difference in SHR between male and female adolescents. However, males haVE significantly larger mean AHD than females. We provide references on sitting height, SHR, arm span, and AHD in male and female adolescents.

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Rohani, Farzaneh, Mohammad Reza Alai, Sedighe Moradi, and Davoud Amirkashani. "Evaluation of near final height in boys with constitutional delay in growth and puberty." Endocrine Connections 7, no. 3 (March 2018): 456–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/ec-18-0043.

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Background This study was conducted to find out whether boys with constitutional delay in growth and puberty (CDGP) could attain their target height and predicted adult height (PAH) in adulthood or not. Methods After measuring the height, weight, pubertal stage, parental height and bone age data of the patients at their first presentation were extracted from the files and their height and weight were measured at the end of the study, wrist X-Ray was performed in order to determine the bone age. PAH was calculated using Bayley–Pinneau method and target height was estimated by mid parental height. Final or near final heights of the patients were measured and compared with the target height and PAH. Results The mean age at presentation and the end of study was 15.2 ± 0.95, 20 ± 0.75 years respectively. Mean of bone age at the beginning of study was 12.97 ± 1 years and at the end of study were 17.6 ± 0.58 years. Mean of delayed bone age was 2.2 ± 0.82 years. Mean of the primary measured heights was 150.16 ± 7 cm (138–160 cm). Mean of final or near final heights was 165.7 ± 2.89 cm (161–170.5 cm). Final or near final heights in our subjects were smaller than either their PAH (165.7 ± 2.89 vs 170.7 ± 5.17) (P value <0.005) or target height (165.7 ± 2.89 vs 171.8 ± 4.65) (P value <0.0001). Conclusion Most patients with CDGP do not reach their target height or predicted adult height; they are usually shorter than their parents and general population. Such patients need to be followed up until they reach their final height and, in some cases, adjunctive medical treatment might be indicated.

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Horváth, Ákos, James L. Carr, Dong L. Wu, Julia Bruckert, Gholam Ali Hoshyaripour, and Stefan A. Buehler. "Measurement report: Plume heights of the April 2021 La Soufrière eruptions from GOES-17 side views and GOES-16–MODIS stereo views." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 18 (September 21, 2022): 12311–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12311-2022.

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Abstract. We estimated geometric plume heights for the daytime eruptions of La Soufrière in April 2021 using visible red band geostationary side views and geostationary–polar orbiter stereo views. Most of the plumes either spread near the tropopause at 16–17 km altitude or penetrated the stratosphere at 18–20 km altitude. Overshooting tops reached heights of up to 23 km. These geometric heights were compared with radiometric heights corresponding to the coldest plume temperature, which usually represent ambiguous estimates within a wide range between a tropospheric and a stratospheric height match. The tropospheric lower bound of the radiometric height range always underestimated the geometric height by a couple of kilometers, even for smaller plumes. For plumes near or above the tropopause, the midpoint or the stratospheric upper bound of the radiometric height range was in reasonable agreement with the geometric heights. The geometric overshooting top height, however, was always above the radiometric height range. We also found that geometric plume heights can be estimated from infrared band side views too, albeit with increased uncertainty compared to the visible red band. This opens up the possibility of applying the side view method to nighttime eruptions.

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Lappi, Juha. "A multivariate, nonparametric stem-curve prediction method." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, no. 4 (April 1, 2006): 1017–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-305.

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The paper presents a general method for predicting the stem curve, volume, and merchantable height of a tree if breast height diameter (DBH) is measured, or if DBH and total height (H) as well as diameters at any heights are measured. Estimates for prediction variances are obtained both for diameters and volumes. The approach is multivariate and nonparametric. At the estimation stage, a multivariate model is developed for the total height and a fixed set of diameters: four diameters at absolute heights below breast height and eight diameters at relative distances between the breast height and the top of the tree. The expected values and variances of the dimensions and the correlations between dimensions are expressed as functions of DBH. These functions were estimated using smoothing splines. The model is applied by predicting unobserved dimensions from the observed dimensions using a linear predictor. If total height is not measured, then prediction is done using an approach based on two-point distributions. Correlation of total heights of different trees in the same stand is also modeled, and with this model, measured total heights in a stand can be used to predict unmeasured total heights. The approach provides both a detailed analysis of variation and covariation of stem curves and a practical prediction method.

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Chen, Siwen, Yanyun Nian, Zeyu He, and Minglu Che. "Measuring the Tree Height of Picea crassifolia in Alpine Mountain Forests in Northwest China Based on UAV-LiDAR." Forests 13, no. 8 (July 22, 2022): 1163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13081163.

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Forests in alpine mountainous regions are sensitive to global climate change. Accurate measurement of tree height is essential for forest aboveground biomass estimation. Unmanned aerial vehicle light detection and ranging (UAV-LiDAR) in tree height estimation has been extensively used in forestry inventories. This study investigated the influence of varying flight heights and point cloud densities on the extraction of tree height, and four flight heights (i.e., 85, 115, 145, and 175 m) were set in three Picea crassifolia plots in the Qilian Mountains. After point cloud data were classified, tree height was extracted from a canopy height model (CHM) on the basis of the individual tree segmentation. Through comparison with ground measurements, the tree height estimations of different flight heights and point cloud densities were analyzed. The results indicated that (1) with a flight height of 85 m, the tree height estimation achieved the highest accuracy (R2 = 0.75, RMSE = 2.65), and the lowest accuracy occurred at a height of 175 m (R2 = 0.65, RMSE = 3.00). (2) The accuracy of the tree height estimation decreased as the point cloud density decreased. The accuracies of tree height estimation from low-point cloud density (R2 = 0.70, RMSE = 2.75) and medium density (R2 = 0.69, RMSE = 2.80) were comparable. (3) Tree height was slightly underestimated in most cases when CHM-based segmentation methods were used. Consequently, a flight height of 145 m was more applicable for maintaining tree height estimation accuracy and assuring the safety of UAVs flying in alpine mountain regions. A point cloud density of 125–185 pts/m2 can guarantee tree height estimation accuracy. The results of this study could potentially improve tree height estimation and provide available UAV-LiDAR flight parameters in alpine mountainous regions in Northwest China.

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Goold, Lucy A., Robert J. Casson, Dinesh Selva, and Hirohiko Kakizaki. "Tarsal Height." Ophthalmology 116, no. 9 (September 2009): 1831–1831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.05.035.

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Gardner, Martin. "Estimating height." Physics Teacher 39, no. 6 (September 2001): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.1531954.

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Barr, Jason. "Skyscraper Height." Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics 45, no. 3 (September 23, 2010): 723–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11146-010-9274-z.

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Biswas, Indranil, Mahan Mj, and Dishant Pancholi. "Homotopical height." International Journal of Mathematics 25, no. 13 (December 2014): 1450123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129167x14501237.

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Given a group G and a class of manifolds 𝒞 (e.g. symplectic, contact, Kähler, etc.), it is an old problem to find a manifold MG ∈ 𝒞 whose fundamental group is G. This article refines it: for a group G and a positive integer r find MG ∈ 𝒞 such that π1(MG) = G and πi(MG) = 0 for 1 < i < r. We thus provide a unified point of view systematizing known and new results in this direction for various different classes of manifolds. The largest r for which such an MG ∈ 𝒞 can be found is called the homotopical height ht 𝒞(G). Homotopical height provides a dimensional obstruction to finding a K(G, 1) space within the given class 𝒞, leading to a hierarchy of these classes in terms of "softness" or "hardness" à la Gromov. We show that the classes of closed contact, CR, and almost complex manifolds as well as the class of (open) Stein manifolds are soft. The classes 𝒮𝒫 and 𝒞𝒜 of closed symplectic and complex manifolds exhibit intermediate "softness" in the sense that every finitely presented group G can be realized as the fundamental group of a manifold in 𝒮𝒫 and a manifold in 𝒞𝒜. For these classes, ht 𝒞(G) provides a numerical invariant for finitely presented groups. We give explicit computations of these invariants for some standard finitely presented groups. We use the notion of homotopical height within the "hard" category of Kähler groups to obtain partial answers to questions of Toledo regarding second cohomology and second group cohomology of Kähler groups. We also modify and generalize a construction due to Dimca, Papadima and Suciu to give a potentially large class of projective groups violating property FP.

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Etezadi, Farhad, Aylar Ahangari, Hajar Shokri, Atabak Najafi, Mohammad Reza Khajavi, Mahtab Daghigh, and Reza Shariat Moharari. "Thyromental Height." Anesthesia & Analgesia 117, no. 6 (December 2013): 1347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/ane.0b013e3182a8c734.

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Bini, Rodrigo Rico. "Acute effects from changes in saddle height in perceived comfort during cycling." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 15, no. 3 (April 15, 2020): 390–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747954120918965.

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Prior research did not provide data on acute adaptations to changes in saddle height as commonly performed in bicycle fitting. This study assessed the acute responses from recreational cyclists to changes in saddle height using dynamic bicycle fitting. Ten recreational cyclists completed five trials using three saddle heights (Preferred, High and Low), one Sham-height trial and a final repeated trial for assessment of intra-session reliability. High and Low saddle heights were determined based on dynamically measured knee flexion angles (±10° from their Preferred height). Trials were performed for 30-s at 90 ± 2 rpm and 2.5 W/kg (181 ± 32 W). Perceived comfort and discomfort and rating of perceived exertion were assessed at the end of each trial. Significant differences were determined when p < 0.05. Increased comfort was observed at the preferred saddle height compared to a lower saddle height ( p = 0.03) but no differences were observed between Preferred and High ( p = 0.69) or High vs. Low ( p = 0.06). The Sham height was also not different from its equivalent saddle height ( p = 0.77) and rating of perceived exertion did not differ between saddle heights ( p = 0.33). Recreational cyclists were generally sensitive to changes in saddle height given they reported different levels of comfort between their preferred and a lower saddle height. Similar levels of comfort were observed when a Sham height was introduced, showing that recreational cyclists identified that no change in saddle height was conducted. However, these cyclists could not report differences in comfort when cycling at a High compared to a Low saddle height.

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Kipp, Kristof, Michael T. Kiely, Matthew D. Giordanelli, Philip J. Malloy, and Christopher F. Geiser. "Biomechanical Determinants of the Reactive Strength Index During Drop Jumps." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017-0021.

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The Reactive Strength Index (RSI) is often used to quantify drop-jump (DJ) performance; however, not much is known about its biomechanical determinants. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlations between the RSI and several biomechanical variables calculated from DJ performed with different initial drop heights. Twelve male NCAA Division I basketball players performed DJs from drop heights of 30, 45, and 60 cm. Force plates were used to calculate DJ performance parameters (ie, DJ height, contact time, and RSI) and DJ biomechanical variables (ie, vertical stiffness and eccentric/concentric energetics). Regression analyses were used to assess the correlations between variables at each drop height, and ANOVAs were used to assess the differences of all variables across drop heights. Follow-up analyses used 2 neural networks to determine if DJ performance and biomechanical data could accurately classify DJ trials by drop-height condition. Vertical-stiffness values were significantly correlated with RSI at each height but did not change across drop heights. Surprisingly, the RSI and other DJ parameters also did not vary across drop height, which resulted in the inability of these variables to accurately classify DJ trials. Given that vertical stiffness did not change across drop height and was highly correlated with RSI at each height, the RSI appears to reflect biomechanical behavior related to vertical stiffness during DJ. However, the inability of the RSI to accurately classify drop-height condition questions the use of RSI profiles established from DJs from different heights.

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Mohammed, Emad. "Smart vehicle height detection for limited height roads." PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY 1, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15199/48.2022.08.16.

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Skorska, Malvina N., and Anthony F. Bogaert. "Sexual Orientation, Objective Height, and Self-Reported Height." Journal of Sex Research 54, no. 1 (January 26, 2016): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2015.1124831.

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Vaishnavi. "On the Height of Multidimensional Height-Balanced Trees." IEEE Transactions on Computers C-35, no. 9 (September 1986): 773–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tc.1986.1676837.

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Wit, J. M., and W. Oostdijk. "Predicting adult height from a child's current height." BMJ 343, sep27 2 (September 27, 2011): d6032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d6032.

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Silva, Flávia Moraes, and Luciane Figueira. "Estimated height from knee height or ulna length and self-reported height are no substitute for actual height in inpatients." Nutrition 33 (January 2017): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2016.08.011.

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Colbert, Kenneth C., David R. Larsen, and James R. Lootens. "Height-Diameter Equations for Thirteen Midwestern Bottomland Hardwood Species." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 19, no. 4 (December 1, 2002): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/19.4.171.

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Abstract Height-diameter equations are often used to predict the mean total tree height for trees when only diameter at breast height (dbh) is measured. Measuring dbh is much easier and is subject to less measurement error than total tree height. However, predicted heights only reflect the average height for trees of a particular diameter. In this study, we present a set of height-diameter equations for 13 riparian tree species using data obtained from bottomland hardwood forests along the Mississippi, Missouri, Illinois, and Des Moines rivers. Nonlinear regression techniques were used to develop the equations. The resulting equations provide a reasonable means of predicting unknown tree heights, given dbh, for these species.

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Bai, Chen-Yuan, and Zi-Niu Wu. "A Study of the Dependence of the Mach Stem Height on the Trailing Edge Height." Fluids 6, no. 9 (September 2, 2021): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids6090313.

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The Mach stem height is an important parameter in the Mach reflection of steady supersonic flow. Various experimental, numerical, and theoretical works have been conducted to study this parameter in the past. However, much of the established work focuses around a single set of trailing edge heights. Here, we perform a study to show the dependence of Mach stem height on the trailing edge height for a wider range of geometry. Through numerical simulation for a set of trailing edge heights, we found that the normalized Mach stem height is almost linear with respect to the normalized wedge trailing edge height. The parameter used for normalization can be either the inlet height or the length of the lower wedge surface. The observation of this linear trend is justified through a simplified analysis, which leads to an expression of the Mach stem height that linearly depends on the trailing edge height. The present study extends our knowledge about how the geometry affects the Mach stem height, and provides a basis for future work to elaborate analytical models for Mach stem height.

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Alem, Peter, Paul A. Thomas, and Marc W. van Iersel. "Use of Controlled Water Deficit to Regulate Poinsettia Stem Elongation." HortScience 50, no. 2 (February 2015): 234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.50.2.234.

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Height regulation is crucial in poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) production for both aesthetics and postharvest handling. Controlled water deficit (WD) offers a potential alternative to plant growth retardants (PGRs) for poinsettia height regulation. We have previously shown that WD can be used to regulate poinsettia stem elongation. However, it is not clear how WD can be used to achieve different plant heights and how it affects aesthetic qualities such as bract size. Our objectives were to determine whether a range of plant heights can be achieved using controlled WD and to investigate possible adverse effects of WD on shoot morphology. Rooted cuttings of poinsettia ‘Classic Red’ were transplanted into 15-cm pots filled with 80% peat:20% perlite (v/v) substrate. Three target heights (43.2, 39.4, and 35.6 cm) were set at pinching (Day 27) and height tracking curves were used to monitor plants throughout the production cycle (77 days from pinching to finish). Substrate volumetric water content (θ) was maintained at 0.40 m3·m−3 (a matric potential of ≈–5 kPa) during well-watered conditions and reduced to 0.20 m3·m−3 (≈–75 kPa) when plants were taller than desired based on the height tracking curves. Control plants were maintained at a θ of 0.40 m3·m−3 throughout the study and had a final height of 51.2 cm. Plants with the 35.6-cm target height exceeded the upper limits of the height tracking curve despite being kept at a θ of 0.20 m3·m−3 for 70 days and had a final height of 39.8 cm. The final plant heights in the 39.4- and 43.2-cm target height treatments were 41.3 and 43.5 cm, respectively, within the 2.5-cm margin of error of their respective target heights. Relative to control plants, bract area was reduced by 53%, 47%, and 31% in the 35.6-, 39.4-, and 43.2-cm target height treatments, respectively. Our results indicate that WD can be an effective method of height control, but WD may also decrease bract size.

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Deaton, Angus. "Height, Health, and Inequality: The Distribution of Adult Heights in India." American Economic Review 98, no. 2 (April 1, 2008): 468–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.98.2.468.

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Wang, Hong, Qiaoxiu Wang, and Fo Hu. "Are you afraid of heights and suitable for working at height?" Biomedical Signal Processing and Control 52 (July 2019): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2019.03.011.

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Zhou, Longfei, Xiaohe Gu, Shu Cheng, Guijun Yang, Meiyan Shu, and Qian Sun. "Analysis of Plant Height Changes of Lodged Maize Using UAV-LiDAR Data." Agriculture 10, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10050146.

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Lodging stress seriously affects the yield, quality, and mechanical harvesting of maize, and is a major natural disaster causing maize yield reduction. The aim of this study was to obtain light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data of lodged maize using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with a RIEGL VUX-1UAV sensor to analyze changes in the vertical structure of maize plants with different degrees of lodging, and thus to use plant height to quantitatively study maize lodging. Based on the UAV-LiDAR data, the height of the maize canopy was retrieved using a canopy height model to determine the height of the lodged maize canopy at different times. The profiles were analyzed to assess changes in maize plant height with different degrees of lodging. The differences in plant height growth of maize with different degrees of lodging were evaluated to determine the plant height recovery ability of maize with different degrees of lodging. Furthermore, the correlation between plant heights measured on the ground and LiDAR-estimated plant heights was used to verify the accuracy of plant height estimation. The results show that UAV-LiDAR data can be used to achieve maize canopy height estimation, with plant height estimation accuracy parameters of R2 = 0.964, RMSE = 0.127, and nRMSE = 7.449%. Thus, it can reflect changes of plant height of lodging maize and the recovery ability of plant height of different lodging types. Plant height can be used to quantitatively evaluate the lodging degree of maize. Studies have shown that the use of UAV-LiDAR data can effectively estimate plant heights and confirm the feasibility of LiDAR data in crop lodging monitoring.

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Cropper, Kenneth, Gregg Munshaw, and Michael Barrett. "Optimum Seasonal Mowing Heights for Smooth Crabgrass Reduction in Tall Fescue Lawns." HortTechnology 27, no. 1 (February 2017): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech03588-16.

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Cultural control methods for pest management are desirable as they can reduce pesticide use resulting in reduced costs and environmental impact. Previous research has shown increased mowing heights can reduce crabgrass (Digitaria sp.) populations. However, seasonal mowing height adjustments may further decrease crabgrass populations as lower heights of cut can increase turf density during optimal growing conditions. An experiment was conducted to determine ideal mowing height combinations during summer vs. fall/spring for crabgrass reductions in a tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) sward. A half rate of prodiamine was included as a split-plot treatment to determine if mowing height combinations could reduce the amount of pesticide required to control crabgrass. Four fall/spring mowing heights (1, 2, 3, and 4 inches) were combined with the same summer mowing heights such that all heights were represented in both seasons. Results indicate that seasonal mowing height variations did not provide any better reduction in crabgrass populations over only using higher heights of cut consistently throughout the year. Also, the half rate of prodiamine successfully controlled crabgrass in all mowing heights except the lowest mowing height during summer months.

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Ng, Shamay S. M., Susanna Y. Cheung, Lauren S. W. Lai, Ann S. L. Liu, Selena H. I. Ieong, and Shirley S. M. Fong. "Association of Seat Height and Arm Position on the Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test Times of Stroke Survivors." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/642362.

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Objectives. To investigate (1) the association of seat height and (2) the association of arm position on the five times sit-to-stand test (FTSTS) times of individuals with stroke.Design. A cross-sectional study.Setting. University-based rehabilitation centre.Subjects. Patients (n=43) with chronic stroke.Methods. The times in completing the FTSTS with different seat height (85%, 100%, and 115% knee height) and arm positions (arms across chest, hands on thighs).Results. FTSTS times were significantly different between 85% and 100% seat heights, and between the 85% and 115% seat heights in both arm positions. However, there was no significant difference between the FTSTS times with the two arm positions at any seat height tested.Conclusion. Seat heights lower than the knee height result in longer FTSTS times, whereas arms positions did not significantly affect the FTSTS times.

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Huang, Huabing, Caixia Liu, and Xiaoyi Wang. "Constructing a Finer-Resolution Forest Height in China Using ICESat/GLAS, Landsat and ALOS PALSAR Data and Height Patterns of Natural Forests and Plantations." Remote Sensing 11, no. 15 (July 24, 2019): 1740. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11151740.

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Monitoring forest height is crucial to determine the structure and biodiversity of forest ecosystems. However, detailed spatial patterns of forest height from 30 m resolution remotely sensed data are currently unavailable. In this study, we present a new method for mapping forest height by combining spaceborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) with imagery from multiple remote sensing sources, including the Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM), the Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radars (PALSAR), and topographic data. The nationwide forest heights agree well with results obtained from 525 independent forest height field measurements, yielding correlation coefficient, root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE) values of 0.92, 4.31 m, and 3.87 m, respectively. Forest heights derived from remotely sensed data range from 1.41 m to 38.94 m, with an average forest height of 16.08 ± 3.34 m. Mean forest heights differ only slightly among different forest types. In natural forests, conifer forests have the greatest mean forest heights, whereas in plantations, bamboo forests have the greatest mean forest heights. Important predictors for modeling forest height using the random forest regression tree method include slope, surface reflectance of red bands and HV backscatter. The uncertainty caused by the uneven distribution of Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) footprints is estimated to be 0.64 m. After integrating PALSAR data into the model, the uncertainty associated with forest height estimation was reduced by 4.58%. Our finer-resolution forest height could serve as a benchmark to estimate forest carbon storage and would greatly contribute to better understanding the roles of ecological engineering projects in China.

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Bruner, L. L., G. J. Keever, J. R. Kessler, and C. H. Gilliam. "Plant Growth Retardant and Initial Plant Height Affect Canna Lily Growth and Flowering." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 19, no. 4 (December 1, 2001): 180–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-19.4.180.

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Abstract A study conducted in 2000 determined effects of two rates of Cutless and B-Nine/Cycocel tank mix and initial plant height on vegetative growth and flowering of Canna x generalis ‘Florence Vaughan’. Canna lily responded independently to plant growth retardant (PGR) treatment and initial plant height. Cutless suppressed vegetative height consistently up to 34% at the lower rate (25 ppm) and up to 41% at the higher rate (50 ppm) throughout the study, regardless of initial plant height. At first and second flower, increasing rates of Cutless suppressed vegetative height about 36% and 35–40%, respectively, and first and second flowering heights, 39–52% and 36–47%, respectively, with minimal effect on time to flower. Height suppression from B-Nine/Cycocel treatments was less than from Cutless with the greatest suppression, 12%, occurring at first flower. Differences in vegetative height among short, intermediate, and tall plants were most significant at treatment, decreased thereafter, and were not present 60 days after treatment (DAT). The number of days to first and second flower was affected by initial plant height with shorter plants flowering 10 to 15 days later than taller plants. At first flower, vegetative height of the initially tall plants was greatest, followed in succession by plants intermediate and short at treatment. However, by second flower, vegetative heights of plants, which were initially short and intermediate in height, were greatest, followed by tall plants. At first flower, flowering heights of all plants were similar and at second flower, flowering heights of the initially tall plants were slightly less [5–6 cm (1.9–2.3 in)] than those of intermediate and short plants.

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Bechtold, W. A., S. J. Zarnoch, and W. G. Burkman. "Comparisons of Modeled Height Predictions to Ocular Height Estimates." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 22, no. 4 (November 1, 1998): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/22.4.216.

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Abstract Equations used by USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis projects to predict individual tree heights on the basis of species and dbh were improved by the addition of mean overstory height. However, ocular estimates of total height by field crews were more accurate than the statistically improved models, especially for hardwood species. Height predictions from the improved equations attained the desired measurement quality objective only 57% of the time, while ocular estimates achieved the desired accuracy 75% of the time. South. J. Appl. For. 22(4):216-221.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Height'

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