Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Height'
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1
Griggs, Cameron V. "Relationship Between Lower Body Strength, Countermovement Jump Height, and Optimal Drop Jump Drop Height." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3098.
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The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between back squat one-repetition maximum relative to body mass (1RMrel), countermovement jump height (CMJH), and optimal drop height in drop jump (DHopt). Fifteen male participants with various sport backgrounds and training experience completed a one repetition maximum (1RM) back squat, maximum countermovement jump (CMJ), and drop jumps (DJ) from incrementally increasing drop heights to determine which drop height elicited the greatest jump height. The DHopt testing protocol was unique in that smaller increments were used to determine DHopt compared to what has been reported in literature previously. Pearson correlation coefficients revealed that DHopt had small (r=0.214) and moderate (r=0.464) relationships with 1RMrel and CMJH, respectively. A second analysis (n=13) was conducted after two participants (i.e. powerlifters) were identified as possibly being representative of a different population. The second analysis found that DHopt had strong relationships with 1RMrel (r=0.645) and CMJH (r=0.690). Results from this study seem to suggest that individuals with greater 1RMrel and CMJH tend to have a higher DHopt. However, this relationship may not be observed among all populations due to likely differences in sport background, genetics, and/or training experience.
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Cinnirella, Francesco. "The Economics of Body Height." Diss., lmu, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-81393.
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Li, Yiran. "Height adjustable wheelchair seat design." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44767.
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Full time wheelchair users are at a height disadvantage during many function activities, such as transferring or reaching. Retrieving objects from the ground or a higher shelf while seated in the wheelchair can be both difficult and unsafe. Lateral transfers between surfaces at different heights can be difficult and unsafe. Sit-to-stand transfers are made simpler with a higher seat. This research project seeks to assist reach and transfers by designing a system to raise and lower a wheelchair seat over a 4'' range.
The project included several needs assessment: 1) by conducting interviews and surveys, identify design needs from different stakeholder groups; 2) analysis of stakeholder groups' feedback and synthesis into design criteria; and 3) creation of design concepts for the adjustable height wheelchair seat; 4) evaluation of the design by setting up heuristic evaluation criteria and perform user testing; 5) design revision design based on user's performance and feedback. The design process included fabricating and testing of various concepts, validating design through user testing, and addresses technology transfer of the device.
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Plater, Andrew John. "Height pairings on elliptic curves." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387103.
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Tersteeg, Margaretha Cornelia Antonia. "Locomotion and stance at height." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.555606.
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Postural threat induced by height affects the control of movement. The aim of this thesis was to develop a better understanding of the extent and the mechanisms through which postural threat can affect movement. The first study showed that a postural threat induced with a height of 80 cm (walkway width 22 cm) did not affect the gait pattern or arousal levels of young healthy adults. Whereas a height of 3.5 m did, an increase in arousal and a more cautious gait pattern compared to walking at ground level were observed. The influence of visual information was tested by occluding visual information of the drop when walking on a 3.5 m high walkway while retaining the danger. Occluding the visual information lead to reduced arousal but still a cautious gait pattern was observed which did not differ from walking at this height with the presence of visual information of the drop. So visually driven balance mechanisms were not the dominant cause of the gait adaptations observed at height (3.5 m). In a third study the walking task was repeated several times. While walking at a walkway raised 3.85 m off the ground a tendency to reduce the lateral centre of mass (COM) movement was observed. It was proposed that a minimizing lateral COM movement was prioritized. The thesis continued with two studies exploring the effect of cognitive factors on adaptations seen in conditions of postural threat. A one-leg stance task was performed repeatedly on various locations. Risk of the task, quantified by a simple model based on the constraint in recovery possibilities, could not explain the adaptations (increased co-contraction index, flexion of the stance leg and increased heart rate) to the one-leg stance task completely. A priori expectations of the task were shown to influence the one-leg stance task: anticipation and familiarization were observed in two separate studies. Furthermore, exposure (position further along the walkway) did influence the execution of the one-leg stance task. The final study of this thesis investigated the response to galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) during standing. GVS elicits a lateral body sway. The maximum lateral displacement of the body was significantly reduced while standing on a 3.85 m high walkway compared to standing on the ground. However the initial vestibular reflexes were unaffected. The results suggest that feed forward control did not influence the vestibular reflexes under postural threat.
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Cohen, Sarah. "Height problems and modular forms." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.353541.
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Sills, Graham. "Height bounds for n-coverings." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608879.
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Ilyin, O. I. "Correlation method of height measurement." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/50477.
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1. Sorochan A. G. Correlation radio rangefinder. Technology and design in electronic equipment. 2005. No. 1 P. 18-21.
2. Sorochan A. G., Dobryak D. A., Zabolotny E. V. Correlation radio rangefinder. Bulletin of the National Technical University of Ukraine «KPI». 2012. Vol. 49 P. 94-102.In conditions of increasing intensity of air traffic, the performance of safe and regular flights of aircraft requires the use of high-precision means of measuring low altitudes. The most common are three methods of measuring height: amplitude, frequency and phase. In recent years, the J-correlation method has also been developed.
В умовах зростаючої інтенсивності повітряного руху виконання безпечних та регулярних польотів повітряних суден вимагає використання високоточних засобів вимірювання малих висот. Найпоширенішими є три методи вимірювання висоти: амплітуда, частота та фаза. В останні роки також був розроблений метод J-кореляції.
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Rivera, Arredondo Carolina. "Height Pairings of 1-Motives." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0082/document.
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L'objectif de ce travail est la généralisation, dans le contexte des 1-motifs, des accouplements de hauteurs construits par B. Mazur et J. Tate sur les variétés abéliennes. Suite à leur approche, nous considérons de ρ-splittings de la biextension de Poincaré d’un 1-motif et nous demandons qu'ils soient compatibles avec la linéarisation canonique associée à la biextension. Nous établissons donc des résultats concernant l'existence de tels ρ-splittings. Quand ρ est non-ramifié, celle-ci est garanti si l'accouplement de monodromie du 1-motif pris en considération est non-dégénéré. Pour ρ ramifié, le ρ-splitting se construit à partir d'une paire de scindages des filtrations de Hodge des réalisations de de Rham du 1-motif et de son dual. Ceci généralise des résultats précédents de R. Coleman and Y. Zarhin pour les variétés abéliennes. Ces ρ-splittings sont ensuite utilisés pour définir un accouplement global entre les points rationnels d'un 1-motif et de son dual. Également, nous fournissons des accouplements locaux entre les zéro-cycles et les diviseurs sur une variété, qui est fait en appliquant les résultats précédents à ses 1-motifs de Picard et d’AlbaneseThe purpose of this work is to generalize, in the context of 1-motives, the height pairings constructed by B. Mazur and J. Tate on abelian varieties. Following their approach, we consider ρ-splittings of the Poincaré biextension of a 1-motive and require that they be compatible with the canonical linearization associated to the biextension. We establish results concerning the existence of such ρ-splittings. When ρ is unramified this is guaranteed if the monodromy pairing of the 1-motive considered is non-degenerate. For ramified ρ, the ρ-splitting is constructed from a pair of splittings of the Hodge filtrations of the de Rham realizations of the 1-motive and its dual. This generalizes previous results by R. Coleman and Y. Zarhin for abelian varieties. These ρ-splittings are then used to define a global pairing between rational points of a 1-motive and its dual. We also provide local pairings between zero cycles and divisors on a variety, which is done by applying the previous results to its Picard and Albanese 1-motives
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RIVERA, ARREDONDO CAROLINA. "Height Pairings of 1-Motives." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/573016.
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Lo scopo di questo lavoro è la generalizzazione, nel contesto degli 1-motivi, degli accoppiamenti di altezza costruiti da B. Mazur e J. Tate sulle varietà abeliane. Seguendo il loro approccio, consideriamo ρ-splittings della biestensione di Poincaré di un 1-motivo e richiediamo che siano compatibili con la linearizzazione canonica associata alla biestensione. Stabiliamo quindi risultati riguardanti l'esistenza di tali ρ-splittings. Quando ρ è non ramificato, tale risultato segue se l'accoppiamento di monodromia dell’1-motivo preso in considerazione è non degenere. Per ρ ramificato, il ρ-splitting si costruisce a partire da una coppia di scissioni delle filtrazioni di Hodge delle realizzazioni di de Rham dell’1-motivo e del suo duale. In questo modo generalizziamo precedenti risultati di R. Coleman and Y. Zarhin sulle varietà abeliane. Questi ρ-splittings vengono poi usati per definire un accoppiamento globale sui punti razionali di un 1-motivo e del suo duale. Infine forniamo accoppiamenti locali tra i zero-cicli e i divisori di una varietà, applicando i risultati precedenti ai suoi 1-motivi di Picard e d’Albanese.The purpose of this work is to generalize, in the context of 1-motives, the height pairings constructed by B. Mazur and J. Tate on abelian varieties. Following their approach, we consider ρ-splittings of the Poincaré biextension of a 1-motive and require that they be compatible with the canonical linearization associated to the biextension. We establish results concerning the existence of such ρ-splittings. When ρ is unramified this is guaranteed if the monodromy pairing of the 1-motive considered is non-degenerate. For ramified ρ, the ρ-splitting is constructed from a pair of splittings of the Hodge filtrations of the de Rham realizations of the 1-motive and its dual. This generalizes previous results by R. Coleman and Y. Zarhin for abelian varieties. These ρ-splittings are then used to define a global pairing between rational points of a 1-motive and its dual. We also provide local pairings between zero cycles and divisors on a variety, which is done by applying the previous results to its Picard and Albanese 1-motives.
L'objectif de ce travail est la généralisation, dans le contexte des 1-motifs, des accouplements de hauteurs construits par B. Mazur et J. Tate sur les variétés abéliennes. Suite à leur approche, nous considérons de ρ-splittings de la biextension de Poincaré d’un 1-motif et nous demandons qu'ils soient compatibles avec la linéarisation canonique associée à la biextension. Nous établissons donc des résultats concernant l'existence de tels ρ-splittings. Quand ρ est non-ramifié, celle-ci est garanti si l'accouplement de monodromie du 1-motif pris en considération est non-dégénéré. Pour ρ ramifié, le ρ-splitting se construit à partir d'une paire de scindages des filtrations de Hodge des réalisations de de Rham du 1-motif et de son dual. Ceci généralise des résultats précédents de R. Coleman and Y. Zarhin pour les variétés abéliennes. Ces ρ-splittings sont ensuite utilisés pour définir un accouplement global entre les points rationnels d'un 1-motif et de son dual. Également, nous fournissons des accouplements locaux entre les zéro-cycles et les diviseurs sur une variété, qui est fait en appliquant les résultats précédents à ses 1-motifs de Picard et d’Albanese.
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Shibata, Takahiro. "Ample canonical heights for endomorphisms on projective varieties." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/242571.
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Islamovic, Azra. "Bumblebee (Bombus spp.) occurrence in relation to vegetation height, variation in vegetation height and flower abundance." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-108671.
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Bumblebees are a group of valuable pollinators that are declining all over the world. The main reason is believed to be habitat loss due to the changes in agriculture. The changes in agriculture influence the structure of the vegetation and flower abundance, which are of great importance to the abundance of bumblebees. The aims of this study were to get a better understanding of bumblebees and what preferences they might have regarding vegetation height and flower abundance in semi-natural grasslands. This study is based on data collected by a Swedish national environmental monitoring program in 2006-2010. Data on twelve bumblebee species were analysed using a generalized linear model based on the dependent variables of occurrence/ non-occurrence. The target variables used in the analysis were flower abundance, vegetation height and standard deviation of vegetation height. The species-wise analyses mostly showed no or weak positive relationships between the bumblebee occurrence and the three target variables. Grouping the species-wise results into ecologically meaningful guilds and analysing them did not increase the explanatory power of flower abundance or vegetation characteristic, but vegetation height showed significant (positive) results in relation for the forest dwelling species and the species group non-parasite and parasite. The results of this study were considerably weaker than expected. Flower abundance and variation in vegetation height could not explain the occurrence of bumblebees. However, the results of this study show that vegetation height is of importance to the occurrence of bumblebees. Bumblebees in general seem to prefer a higher vegetation height. Based on the findings of this study I would recommend a low intensity of grazing in semi-natural grasslands.
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Sandidge, Matthew Jay. "Truck height determination using digital video." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44893.
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Over-height trucks are not only a hazard to the over-height trucks themselves, but they pose a threat to the bridges they come into contact with, and most importantly the other drivers on the road way when a collision takes place with a low clearance structure. Therefore, there is a need for an over-height detection system that is affordable yet also reliable. At this time there exist over-height detection systems using laser and infrared beam devices however, they are expensive. This high cost makes it impossible for Department of Transportations across the nation to implement these systems at all low-clearance headroom roadways. In this research a machine vision based system is proposed to detect the height of trucks and provide a warning for over-height vehicles. The height determination will be completed using line detection and blob tracking; these two methods will be overlapped where an upper point of the truck can be compared to a lower point on the ground. These 2D coordinates will then be translated into 3D world coordinates that will provide an approximation of the truck height. If the truck is over the set height then a warning will sound. The accuracy of the test proves that the method is a reliable method of height determination, achieving a 96.59% accuracy rate for measured trucks. The method does have an error rate of 3.3%. The merit of this work is the creation of an automatic image based method which can provide height determination of trucks and is a low cost alternative to the current expensive laser and infrared detection systems.
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Thomas, Philip Glyn. "Signal processing for pulse-height spectroscopy." Thesis, Bangor University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.480887.
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Bedada, Tullu Besha. "Absolute geopotential height system for Ethiopia." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4726.
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This study used airborne gravity data, the 2008 Earth Gravity Model (EGM08) and Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) digital elevation data in a ‘Remove-Compute-Restore’ process to determine absolute vertical reference system for Ethiopia. This gives a geopotential height at any isolated field point where there is a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurement without reference to a vertical network or a regional datum point. Previously, height was determined conventionally by connecting the desired field point physically to a nearby bench mark of a vertical network using co-located measurements of gravity and spirit levelling. With the use of precise GNSS positioning and a gravity model this method becomes obsolesce. The new approach uses the ‘Remove-Restore’ process to eliminate longer to shorter wavelengths from the measured gravity data using EGM08 and geometrical and condensed gravity models of the SRTM data. This provides small, smooth and localised residuals so that the interpolation and integration involved is reliable and the Stokes-like integral can be legitimately restricted to a spherical cap. A very fast, stable and accurate computational algorithm has been formulated by combining ‘hedgehog’ and ‘multipoint’ models in order to make tractable an unavoidably huge computational task required to remove the effects of about 1.5 billion! SRTM topographic mass elements representing Ethiopia and its immediate surroundings at 92433 point airborne gravity observations. The compute stage first uses an iterative Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to predict residual gravity at aircraft height as a regular grid on to the surface of the ellipsoidal Earth and then it used a Fourier operation equivalent to Stokes’ integral to transform the localised gravity disturbance to residual potential. The restore process determines the geopotential number on or above the Earth’s surface where practitioners need it by restoring the potential effects of the removed masses. The accuracy of the geopotential number computed from gravity and topography was evaluated by comparing it with the one derived directly from EGM08 and precise geodetic levelling. The new model is in a good agreement across 100 km baseline with a standard deviation of 56 10−2 2 −2 × m s and 39 10−2 2 −2 × m s relative to EGM08 and levelling, respectively ( 10−2 2 −2 m s is approximately equivalent to 1mm of height). The new method provides an absolute geopotential height of a point on or above the Earth’s surface in a global sense by interpolating from geopotential models prepared as the digital grids carried in a chip for use with the GNSS receiver in the field.
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Schick, Andreas Michael. "Height, Human Capital, and Economic Growth." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306273610.
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Sander, Jacob Victor. "Vertical height estimates of pitched balls." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1576607357582938.
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Bailey, D. A. "Chemical Height Control of Florists' Hydrangeas." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215854.
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XE-1019 (2 foliar sprays of 10, 2Q or 30 mg-liter⁻¹) was applied to plants of Hydrangea macrophylla Ser. 'Rose Supreme' during greenhouse forcing. Doses applied resulted in excessive reductions in shoot elongation and inflorescence diameters and delayed anthesis. Shoot growth was reduced with increasing XE-1019 concentration. Shoot length was reduced 46 %; stem dry weight was reduced 31 %; leaf area per shoot was reduced 44 %; inflorescence height was cut by 45 %; and inflorescence mass was reduced 48% with the 30 mg-liter⁻¹ XE-1019 treatment. Specific leaf weight increased with increased XE -1019 concentration (192% increase with the 30 mg-liter⁻¹ treatment) resulting in thicker leaves at anthesis. XE-1019 is an effective height control agent for florists' hydrangeas, and shows significant activity at very low (less than 0.2 mg a.i. per plant) doses.
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Bailey, D. A. "Podranea Height Control with XE-1019." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215858.
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Foliar sprays of XE -1019 at 3, 4 9, 12, 15, l8 and 36 mg a.i. liter⁻¹ were found to be effective in controlling the height of Podroea ricasoliana However, at higher concentrations (greater than 12 ppm), undesirable leaflet curling and reductions in leaflet size were observed All treatments lost effectiveness in controlling internode elongation during week 4 and 5.
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Gualdi, Roberto. "Height of cycles in toric varieties." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0139/document.
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Nous étudions dans cette thése la relation entre certaines hauteurs d'Arakelov de cycles de variétés toriques et les caractéristiques arithmétiques des polynômes de Laurent qui les définissent. Pour cela, nous associons _a un polynôme de Laurent des fonctions concaves que nous appelons fonctions de Ronkin et fonctions supérieures. Nous donnons des bornes supérieures pour la hauteur d'une intersection compléte faisant intervenir les fonctions supérieures associées. Dans le cas d'une hypersurface, nous montrons une formule liant sa hauteur _a la fonction de Ronkin de son polynôme de Laurent. Nous proposons une égalité analogue pour des hauteurs moyennes appropriées en codimension supérieure et nous indiquons une stratégie pour la preuve d'un cas particulier. Dans ces travaux, nous utilisons des notions de géométrie convexe telles que les polytopes, les mesures de Monge-Ampére réelles et la dualité de Legendre- Fenchel de fonctions concaves. Nous les présentons dans un cadre algébrique adapté et nous développons l'étude des intégrales mixtesWe investigate in this work the relation between suitable Arakelov heights of a cycle in a toric variety and the arithmetic features of its defining Laurent polynomials. To this purpose, we associate to a Laurent polynomial certain concave functions which we call Ronkin functions and upper functions. We give upper bounds for the height of a complete intersection in terms of the associated upper functions. For a hypersurfaces, we prove a formula relating its height to the Ronkin function of the associated Laurent polynomial. We conjecture an analogous equality for a suitable average height in higher codimensions and indicate a strategy for the proof of a particular case. In all the treatment, we deal with convex geometrical objects such as polytopes, real Monge-Ampère measures and Legendre-Fenchel duality of concave functions. We suggest an algebraic framework for such a study and deepen the understanding of mixed integrals
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Gordon, Joel Christopher. "Development of the Full Height Truss Frame." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7136.
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The full height truss frame (FHTF) is an exciting new residential framing system in response to the need for low floor-to-floor steel construction. The FHTF has the potential to provide low floor-to-floor heights, a column free first floor area, an integrated frame that uses the entire height to resist loads, and the capacity to resist both gravity and lateral loads.
Because of its configuration, the full structural height can be used to resist loads. A FHTF is made up of stacked floor trusses that result in one full height truss spanning the entire width of the building. The FHTF is constructed in a conventional manner one floor at a time. The strength, inertia, and truss height will increase as each floor is added. Therefore, the construction sequence will affect the final stresses in the members.
The purpose of this thesis was to analyze and design two prototype FHTFs, to compare the economy of the prototypes with similar staggered truss frames, and to develop an approximate method to calculate staged member stresses. Each prototype was analyzed using a computer program and designed according to the 2001 American Institute of Steel Construction Load and Resistance Factor Design. The prototypes were used to assess the strength and serviceability of the structures, and the results of the staged analysis were used to validate the numerical method developed to approximate a staged loading sequence based on the non-staged dead load results.
The results of the analysis and design of the prototypes was the initial step in confirming the viability of the FHTF for use in the residential multistory market. FHTFs can be designed with preexisting procedure, and are capable of offering low floor-to-floor heights. The prototypes exhibited excellent lateral stiffness against wind loads. The numerical method for estimating the staged dead load accurately approximated the results of the analysis preformed by ETABS. The numerical method can be used to simulate a variety of sequences in order to optimize the stages. Lastly, the FHTF was shown to be competitive with the staggered truss systems in terms of material usage, fabrication, and construction.
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Moreno, Luis Alberto Garcia. "Objects height estimation implementing an uncalibrated camera." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-4151.
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Height estimation of objects can be implemented both for soft-biometrics and as an object tracking feature. In first case we can eliminate some possible subjects having considerably different height than the observed one, and focus on determining more distinctive remote identification features, like colour, face or ear, and search for similar subjects in a smaller set of possible candidates. For object tracking it can be used for temporal and spatial correspondence analysis as well or simultaneously for both in case of having different cameras. In this thesis we propose a novel method for automatic estimation of height using an uncalibrated camera. Nowadays such cameras can be found in any corner for different purposes like as for security reasons. A crucial moment in height estimation is finding vanishing points. In the method we use RANSAC to estimate best vanishing point from several estimated candidate points. The method has the new advantages that from different frames and their respective height estimations, automatically determines certain reasonable heights depending on height measurements distribution. With spreading of camera implementation in common applications, we believe this new software can be widely applied in as many fields as it can be imagined.
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Sandberg, Roland. "Generation of floating islands using height maps." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3183.
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A floating island was generated using two height maps, one for the bottom of the island and one for the top. Vertices of the island was displaced in the Y axis using an algorithm called Simplex noise. To avoid texture stretching that appears when displacing the vertices an algorithm called “tri planar projection” was implemented. After the vertices had been displaced the normal was smoothed using “normal smoothing”. An algorithm here called “the AVG algorithm” is created to smooth jig sawed edges around the island that appears after the island has been generated. The results of the AVG algorithm is judged by a group of 26 participants to see if any jig sawed edges are perceived. They answered a survey containing seven pictures, with each picture having one more iteration of the AVG algorithm then the last, starting from 0 iterations. Five iterations proved to be the best.
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Wuthrich, Christian. "The fine Selmer group and height pairings." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616068.
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Goble, Keryn Sheree. "Height of Flames Projecting from Compartment Openings." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1580.
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External flaming from buildings occurs as a result of a large amount of fuel being available in the room of fire origin in comparison to the amount of ventilation provided. The size of the openings in a compartment affects the amount of oxygen available within the fire room, and hence the amount of combustion that can take place inside. Excess fuel that is not burnt within the room flows out of the opening and combusts upon reaching the oxygen in the air outside. It is in this situation that flames are seen projecting out of the window. Flames projecting from openings pose the threat of fire spread from the room of fire origin. This threat increases with the size of the flames. Thus a dependable method for predicting the size of flames projecting from openings is required. This research addresses the issue of predicting flame heights projecting from openings, based on the heat release rate of a fire. The results are based on laboratory experiments and are presented in non-dimensional form, allowing application to scenarios that have not been specifically tested. This work supports the findings of other researchers, with appropriate adjustments made to compensate for differing experimental approaches. This indicates that the relationships established between the non-dimensional heat release rate and flame height are formed from a sound underlying principle. An empirical relationship between the non-dimensional flame height and heat release rate of a fire is presented in a simplified format to enable ease of use. The temperatures attained, and other observations from the compartment fire experiments are also presented and discussed. These were found to have dependence on a number of factors, with relationships varying between the individual experiments. The widely-used computational fluid dynamics model Fire Dynamics Simulator, Version 4 (FDS), was found to currently be unreliable in modelling the experimental scenarios. The results obtained were unrealistic and bore minimal resemblance to the experimental results, with extensive computational simulation time. The ability of the programme to model the compartment fire scenario requires further investigation to determine whether a finer grid resolution may improve results, or whether it is simply not able to model combustion processes involved at this stage.
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Luo, Zhongcheng, and 駱忠誠. "Intrinsic and extrinsic influences on final height." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31240690.
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Radzimski, Vanessa Elena. "Points of small height on plane curves." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46341.
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Let K be an algebraically closed field, and let C be an irreducible plane curve, defined over the algebraic closure of K(t), which is not defined over K. We show that there exists a positive real number c??? such that if P is any point on the curve C whose Weil height is bounded above by c???, then the coordinates of P belong to K.
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Twu, Zway-Gen. "Automatic height extraction from stereoscopic SAR imagery." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264265.
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Collins, Glen Steven. "On the fitting height of soluble groups." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5244/.
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We consider five separate problems in finite group theory which cover a range of topics including properties of 2-generated subgroups, permutation groups, fixed-point-free automorphisms and the study of Sylow structure. The treatments of these problems are largely self-contained, but they all share an underlying theme which is to study finite soluble groups in terms of their Fitting height. Firstly, we prove that if A is a maximal subgroup of a group G subject to being 2-generated, and V <\(_-\) G is a nilpotent subgroup normalised by A, then F*(A)V is quasinilpotent. Secondly, we investigate the structure of soluble primitive permutation groups generated by two p\(^n\)-cycles and upper bounds for their Fitting height in terms of p and n. Thirdly, we extend a recent result regarding fixed-point-free automorphisms. Namely, let R \(\thicksim\)\(_=\) Z\(_r\) be cyclic of prime order act on the extraspecial group F \(\thicksim\)\(_=\) s\(^1\)\(^+\)\(^2\)\(^n\) such that F = [F,R], and suppose that RF acts on a group G such that C\(_G\)(F) = 1 and (r, |G| = 1. Then we show that F(C\(_G\)R)) \(\subseteq\) F(G). In particular, when r x sn+1, then f(C\(_G\)(R)) = f(G). Fourthly, we show that there is no absolute bound on the Fitting height of a group with two Sylow numbers. Lastly, we characterise partial HNE-groups as precisely those groups which split over their nilpotent residual, which itself is cyclic of square-free order.
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Walker, Kenneth A. (Kenneth Adley) 1978. "Height and gradient from stereo shaded images." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87295.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 33-34).
by Kenneth A. Walker.
M.Eng.
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Hortsch, Ruthi. "Counting elliptic curves of bounded Faltings height." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104589.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mathematics, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 47-50).
Because many invariants and properties of elliptic curves are difficult to understand directly, the study of arithmetic statistics instead looks at what happens "on average", using heights to make this notion rigorous. Previous work has primarily used the naive height, which can be calculated easily but is not defined intrinsically. We give an asymptotic formula for the number of elliptic curves over Q with bounded Faltings height. Silverman [34] has shown that the Faltings height for elliptic curves over number fields can be expressed in terms of the minimal discriminant and period of the elliptic curve. We use this to recast the problem as one of counting lattice points in an unbounded region in R2 defined by transcendental equations, and understand this region well enough to give a formula for the number of these lattice points.
by Ruthi Hortsch.
Ph. D.
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Fyreskär, Axel, and Olivia Ekman. "ErgoDesk : Automatic height adjustment of a desk." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-230245.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this project was to track the posture of aperson sitting by a desk, and then use the information toadjust the desk to achieve an optimal height for the user.The solution was to track the angle of the users forearm relativeto the desk’s horizontal plane, which should be aroundzero degrees for an ergonomic posture. Two Light EmittingDiodes (LEDs) in different colours were attached tothe user, one at the elbow and one at the wrist. The LEDswere tracked with a camera connected to a laptop runningOpen Source Computer Vision Library (OpenCV). Windowtinting was placed on the camera lens so that only theLEDs and other strong light sources were visible. By usingOpenCV, coordinates for the two LEDs were given. Withthe coordinates found, the angle of the users arm couldbe calculated and the height of the desk evaluated. Informationabout necessary height adjustments were sent fromthe laptop to an Arduino via Bluetooth. The Arduino thencontrolled a stepper motor by sending signals to a stepperdriver, making the motor rotate, thus adjust the height ofthe desk.The desk was a single leg laptop desk. The leg consistsof two tubes. The lower, outer tube was connected to thefoot while the upper inner tube, which ran freely in theouter tube, was connected to the tabletop. The height wasadjusted with a lead screw positioned parallel to the leg.The nut on the lead screw was connected to the outer lowertube. When the motor rotated so did the lead screw, liftingthe table top up or lowering it.Syftet med detta project var att undersöka om det är möjligtatt i realtid spåra en persons hållning vid ett skrivbord, ochanvända den informationen för att justera skrivbordet höjdoch nå en optimal höjd för användaren.Lösningen var att spåra vinkeln på användarens underarmrelativt skrivbordets horisontalplan, som bör vara runt nollgrader för en ergonomisk ställning. Två lysdioder i olikafärger placeras på användaren, en på armbågen och en påhandleden. Med hjälp av OpenCV spårades lysdioderna meden kamera kopplad till en dator. Solfilm sattes på kameralinsenså att endast lysdioderna och andra starka ljuskällorvar synliga. Genom att använda OpenCV togs koordinaternaför lysdioderna fram. Med koordinaterna kunde vinkelnpå användarens underarm beräknas och skrivbordets höjdutvärderas. Information om nödvändiga höjdändringar skickadesfrån laptopen till en Arduino via Bluetooth. Arduinonkontrollerade en stegmotor genom att skicka signalertill en stegmotordrivare, vilket fick motorn att rotera ochjustera skrivbordets höjd.Skrivbordet var ett enbent laptopställ. Benet bestod av tvårör. Det nedre yttre röret satt fast i foten och det övre inreröret satt fast i bordsskivan, och löpte fritt i det yttre röret.Höjden justerades med en gångstav som satt parallellt medbenet. Muttern satt ihop med det nedre röret. När motornroterade gjorder också gångstaven det, vilket antingen pressadeupp bordsskivan eller sänkte den.
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Parkinson, Frederick Brooke. "The representation of vowel height in phonology /." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487940308431245.
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Luo, Zhongcheng. "Intrinsic and extrinsic influences on final height /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21629791.
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Karagiannis, Dimitrios. "Feasibility study of dump height reduction systems." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-168934.
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Detta examensarbete i maskinkonstruktion var en förstudie, som genomfördes på uppdrag av Atlas Copco Rock Drills AB i Örebro. Förstudien bygger på ett patenterat förslag till en ny design, som skulle göra det möjligt för Atlas Copcos gruvfordon att verka i låga underjordiska gruvmiljöer. Patentet byggde på en helt ny typ av konfiguration, som var avsedd att eventuellt implementeras på vissa gruvfordon. Den nya konfigurationen skulle göra det möjligt att vika och minska lastflakets storlek före dumpningsfasen. Syftet med denna studie var att använda olika tekniska metoder för att avgöra om denna nya flakidé skulle vara ett intressant alternativ för Atlas Copcos framtida generationer av gruvdumpers.The following Master Thesis project was carried out on behalf of Atlas Copco Rock Drills AB in Örebro, and in collaboration with KTH – Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm. This project was a feasibility study based on a patented proposal for a new box design that would allow for Atlas Copco Minetruck vehicles to operate in low ceiling underground mine environments. This proposal was based in an entirely new box configuration with the potential of being introduced at Minetruck vehicles. The configuration of this box would allow it to fold and reduce its size prior to the dumping phase of the material. The aim of this study was to use various engineering methods in order to determine whether this new box idea would be an interesting Minetruck box alternative for the future vehicle product range of Atlas Copco.
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Finlen, Kate Elizabeth. "Long lower anterior face height: phenotypic diversity." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5468.
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Introduction: The hyperdivergent facial form is typically characterized by a long lower anterior facial height (LAFH), steep mandibular plane angle, and skeletal open bite. The purpose of our study was to further explore morphologic variation within long LAFH subjects using geometric morphometric methods. Methods: Cephalograms of 147 individuals (n= 147; 87 female, 60 male; age range: 16-68 years) with LAFH to total anterior facial height (TAFH), ratio (LAFH/TAFH), at or above 57.4% were studied. Cluster analysis and canonical variate analysis captured phenotypic variation and identified homogenous groups. Results: Cluster analysis resulted in three discrete long LAFH phenotypes that varied along vertical and anteroposterior dimensions. Conclusions: We found significant morphologic variation within the sample population of long LAFH individuals. Three phenotypes with varied vertical and anteroposterior discrepancies were revealed through the cluster analysis. Within our sample, we found both convergent and divergent facial patterns with concomitant cranial base rotation and posterior ramal border displacement. Vertical variation was largely independent of anteroposterior discrepancies.
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Wees, Julie Marie. "Short lower anterior face height: phenotypic diversity." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1795.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Individuals with short lower anterior facial height (LAFH), reduced mandibular plane angle, and excessive overbite resulting from upward and forward mandibular rotation are traditionally classified as skeletal deep bites. Our purpose was to explore phenotypic variation within short LAFH individuals using geometric morphometric methods. Methods: Cephalograms of 101 individuals (64 female, 37 male; age range: 7-62 years) with LAFH to total anterior facial height (TAFH), ratio (LAFH/TAFH), at or below 52.6% were studied. Principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and canonical variate analysis captured phenotypic variation and identified homogenous groups. Results: Four principal components were identified which accounted for 49% of the variation within the skeletal vertical and sagittal dimensions, flexure of the gonial angle, and incisor angulation. Cluster analysis resulted in 3 discrete short LAFH subpenotypes. Conclusions: Within the selected population of short LAFH individuals, we found: A range of morphologic variation. Convergent and divergent facial patterns with concomitant variation in gonial angle and ramus height. Anteriorly directed condylar morphology correlated with characteristics of extreme forward mandibular rotation; less anteriorly directed condylar morphology correlated with characteristics of backward mandibular rotation. Overbite magnitude is independent of vertical skeletal relationship and/or characteristics of forward mandibular rotation.
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Lee, Michael P. "EXPLORING ILLUSIONS OF HEIGHT IN SUIT DESIGN." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/psychology_etds/134.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: The goal of this research was to explore how the design of clothing, specifically the design of the suit, can create height illusions.
Background: Taller people enjoy many advantages, such as increased income and perceived attractiveness. These advantages motivate people to try to appear taller than they actually are, and clothing experts provide advice on how to accomplish this. However, there is little empirical evidence to validate the illusory effects clothing might have on overall height perception. The few studies that have explored illusions of body size created by clothing design have been limited in two important ways – the test stimuli have included unnatural body shapes and have failed to include naturalistic context (i.e., surrounding depth and size cues available in real scenes).
Method: In the first phase, participants (nonexperts in clothing design) provided suggestions for how to appear taller by changing clothes. In the second phase, participants 1) viewed photographs of a variety of targets wearing suit designs that are commonly believed to manipulate viewers’ perceptions of height, 2) rated the targets on traits associated with height such as income and attractiveness, and 3) estimated the heights of these individuals. This study focused on the potential effects of suit color, specifically overall lightness (light vs. dark) and monochromaticity (monochromatic vs. lightness blocking). The effects of these designs were tested with and without contextual information by presenting targets within a natural streetscape or on a white background.
Results: In the first phase, we found that nonexperts provided similar suggestions as experts in clothing design, including those pertaining to monochromaticity and lightness. In the second phase, we found that estimates were more accurate with more contextual information, and that clothing can impact height estimations, where monochromatic outfits yielded taller height estimates, although other outfit comparisons did not have effects. Outfits overall did not impact ratings such as income and attractiveness, although estimated height did correlate with these same social attributes. In an exploration of the impact of contextual and target-specific cues other than clothing on height estimations, we found that height perception was potentially dependent on a variety of factors such as the target's race, location (indoors vs. outdoors), stance, and the presence of nearby people.
Scientific merit: This study increased our understanding of the conditions under which illusions of size in simple geometric stimuli generalize to the manipulation of size perception in real-world scenes.
Broader impact: A better understanding of biases in height perception is relevant to domains in which such estimates are used to identify individuals (e.g., criminal justice) as well as domains in which visual characteristics of individuals are associated with errors in judgments of performance-based merit. (e.g., personnel selection and promotion).
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EKMAN, OLIVIA, and AXEL FYRESKÄR. "ErgoDesk : Automatic height adjustment of a desk." Thesis, KTH, Mekatronik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-233051.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this project was to track the posture of a person sitting by a desk, and then use the information to adjust the desk to achieve an optimal height for the user. The solution was to track the angle of the users forearm relative to the desk’s horizontal plane, which should be around zero degrees for an ergonomic posture. Two Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) in different colours were attached to the user, one at the elbow and one at the wrist. The LEDs were tracked with a camera connected to a laptop running Open Source Computer Vision Library (OpenCV). Window tinting was placed on the camera lens so that only the LEDs and other strong light sources were visible. By using OpenCV, coordinates for the two LEDs were given. With the coordinates found, the angle of the users arm could be calculated and the height of the desk evaluated. Information about necessary height adjustments were sent from the laptop to an Arduino via Bluetooth. The Arduino then controlled a stepper motor by sending signals to a stepper driver, making the motor rotate, thus adjust the height of the desk. The desk was a single leg laptop desk. The leg consists of two tubes. The lower, outer tube was connected to the foot while the upper inner tube, which ran freely in the outer tube, was connected to the tabletop. The height was adjusted with a lead screw positioned parallel to the leg.The nut on the lead screw was connected to the outer lowertube. When the motor rotated so did the lead screw, lifting the table top up or lowering it.Syftet med detta project var att undersöka om det är möjligt att i realtid spåra en persons hållning vid ett skrivbord, och använda den informationen för att justera skrivbordet höjd och nå en optimal höjd för användaren. Lösningen var att spåra vinkeln på användarens underarm relativt skrivbordets horisontalplan, som bör vara runt noll grader för en ergonomisk ställning. Två lysdioder i olika färger placeras på användaren, en på armbågen och en på handleden. Med hjälp av OpenCV spårades lysdioderna med en kamera kopplad till en dator. Solfilm sattes på kameralinsen så att endast lysdioderna och andra starka ljuskällor var synliga. Genom att använda OpenCV togs koordinaterna för lysdioderna fram. Med koordinaterna kunde vinkeln på användarens underarm beräknas och skrivbordets höjd utvärderas. Information om nödvändiga höjdändringar skickades från laptopen till en Arduino via Bluetooth. Arduinon kontrollerade en stegmotor genom att skicka signaler till en stegmotordrivare, vilket fick motorn att rotera och justera skrivbordets höjd. Skrivbordet var ett enbent laptopställ. Benet bestod av två rör. Det nedre yttre röret satt fast i foten och det övre inre röret satt fast i bordsskivan, och löpte fritt i det yttre röret. Höjden justerades med en gängstav som satt parallellt med benet. Muttern satt ihop med det nedre röret. När motorn roterade gjorder också gängstaven det, vilket antingen pressade upp bordsskivan eller sänkte den.
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Filmer, Michael Shaun. "An examination of the Australian Height Datum." Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1822.
Full textAbstract:
The Australian Height Datum (AHD) was established in 1971, and is the basis for all physical heights in Australia. However, a complete revision of the AHD has never occurred, despite problems that, although not always obvious to surveyors at the local level, have come to prominence through the introduction of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and gravimetric quasi/geoid models. Improvements in GNSS, quasi/geoid and sea surface topography (SSTop) models, plus moderate upgrades to the Australian Levelling Network (ANLN) since 1971 now allow a meaningful revision of the AHD to be made. This thesis first conducts an investigation of AHD/ANLN errors, culminating in the realisation of an Australian Experimental Vertical Datum (AEVD).An assessment of 1366 ANLN loops reveals 15-20 misclosures >0.5 m (up to 0.93 m), situated primarily in the interior of the continent. GNSS¡quasi/geoid information was included in a second loop-based assessment, adding redundancy in an attempt to isolate errors within the levelling sections. These assessments indicate that the ANLN database requires corrections and updating by State and Territory geodetic agencies, including the replacement of average two-way levelled height differences between benchmarks (BMs) currently in the database with forward and reverse levelled height differences. A simulation of the effects of refraction on the AHD and ANLN suggest that height errors of up to 0.4 m in central Australia may result from neglecting to apply refraction corrections to the ANLN. However, the metadata required to properly correct the ANLN for refraction is not currently available.A major objective of this thesis is to identify the causes of the north-south slope observed in the AHD when compared with geoid models. The CARS2006 climatology (oceanographic) and Rio05 combined mean dynamic topography (geodetic and oceanographic) SSTop models along with the EGM2008 and gravimetric component of AUSGeoid09 (AGQG09) SSTop estimates at tide-gauges are shown to effectively remove the north-south slope. This indicates that the north-south AHD slope was caused solely by fixing the Australian levelling survey to mean sea level (MSL) at 30 mainland tide-gauges. In addition, it was found that the vertical offset between mainland AHD and Tasmanian AHD (vertical datums separated by the sea) is negligible. The CARS2006 SSTop model provided the best estimates of SSTop at tide-gauges and was used in the final realisation of the AEVD as an SSTop correction when the AEVD is constrained to 32 AHD tide-gauges, also unifying the mainland and Tasmanian levelling networks.To determine the height system best suited to the AEVD, gravity at ANLN BMs was computed from EGM2008 and also from terrestrial gravity held in the Australian National Gravity Database (ANGD). Despite problems with both, "reconstructed" BM gravity from EGM2008 demonstrated the best results and is used for gravimetric height corrections applied to the ANLN. Differences between Helmert orthometric and normal-orthometric heights (used for the AHD) were up to 0.44 m at heights >2,000 m in the Australian Alps. However, differences between normal and normal-orthometric heights were <30 mm across most of Australia, but reached 0.17 m in the Australian Alps. Normal heights were considered most appropriate for the AEVD because of the sensitivity of Helmert orthometric heights to the poor quality of ANGD- and EGM2008- derived gravity, and normal-orthometric heights being inconsistent with quasigeoid models, particularly at elevations >1,000 m.A combined least-squares adjustment (CLSA) of the ANLN (with normal height corrections applied to the levelling) was conducted using MSL + CARS2006 at 32 AHD tide-gauges and GNSS-AGQG09 at 277 GNSS stations as weighted constraints to realise the AEVD. An outlier detection process was undertaken first, to attempt to identify the problem levelling sections of the ANLN and re-weight them so they have less infuence in the CLSA. Validation of the AEVD used GNSS-AGQG09 at 765 GNSS stations not used in the CLSA. RMS of the differences at the 765 GNSS stations between the AEVD and GNSS-AGQG09 were ±0.098 m (considered external accuracy), compared to an RMS of ±0.207 m for differences between the AHD and GNSS-AGQG09, indicating an improvement of the AEVD over the AHD.
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Caporaso, Luca <1979>. "Detection and Modeling of Boundary Layer Height." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4467/1/caporaso_luca_tesi.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis tackles the problem of the automated detection of the atmospheric boundary layer (BL) height, h, from aerosol lidar/ceilometer observations. A new method, the Bayesian Selective Method (BSM), is presented. It implements a Bayesian statistical inference procedure which combines in an statistically optimal way different sources of information. Firstly atmospheric stratification boundaries are located from discontinuities in the ceilometer back-scattered signal. The BSM then identifies the discontinuity edge that has the highest probability to effectively mark the BL height. Information from the contemporaneus physical boundary layer model simulations and a climatological dataset of BL height evolution are combined in the assimilation framework to assist this choice.
The BSM algorithm has been tested for four months of continuous ceilometer measurements collected during the BASE:ALFA project and is shown to realistically diagnose the BL depth evolution in many different weather conditions.
Then the BASE:ALFA dataset is used to investigate the boundary layer structure in stable conditions. Functions from the Obukhov similarity theory are used as
regression curves to fit observed velocity and temperature profiles in the lower half of the stable boundary layer. Surface fluxes of heat and momentum are best-fitting parameters in this exercise and are compared with what measured by a sonic anemometer. The comparison shows remarkable discrepancies, more evident in cases for which the bulk Richardson number turns out to be quite large. This analysis supports earlier results, that surface turbulent fluxes are not the appropriate scaling parameters for profiles of mean quantities in very stable conditions. One of the practical consequences is that boundary layer
height diagnostic formulations which mainly rely on surface fluxes are in disagreement to what obtained by inspecting co-located radiosounding profiles.
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Caporaso, Luca <1979>. "Detection and Modeling of Boundary Layer Height." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4467/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis tackles the problem of the automated detection of the atmospheric boundary layer (BL) height, h, from aerosol lidar/ceilometer observations. A new method, the Bayesian Selective Method (BSM), is presented. It implements a Bayesian statistical inference procedure which combines in an statistically optimal way different sources of information. Firstly atmospheric stratification boundaries are located from discontinuities in the ceilometer back-scattered signal. The BSM then identifies the discontinuity edge that has the highest probability to effectively mark the BL height. Information from the contemporaneus physical boundary layer model simulations and a climatological dataset of BL height evolution are combined in the assimilation framework to assist this choice.
The BSM algorithm has been tested for four months of continuous ceilometer measurements collected during the BASE:ALFA project and is shown to realistically diagnose the BL depth evolution in many different weather conditions.
Then the BASE:ALFA dataset is used to investigate the boundary layer structure in stable conditions. Functions from the Obukhov similarity theory are used as
regression curves to fit observed velocity and temperature profiles in the lower half of the stable boundary layer. Surface fluxes of heat and momentum are best-fitting parameters in this exercise and are compared with what measured by a sonic anemometer. The comparison shows remarkable discrepancies, more evident in cases for which the bulk Richardson number turns out to be quite large. This analysis supports earlier results, that surface turbulent fluxes are not the appropriate scaling parameters for profiles of mean quantities in very stable conditions. One of the practical consequences is that boundary layer
height diagnostic formulations which mainly rely on surface fluxes are in disagreement to what obtained by inspecting co-located radiosounding profiles.
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Pallu, Vera Regina. "Determinação do valor medio do indice de altura facial : (estudo em individuos brasileiros, da região de Piracicaba com oclusão clinicamente excelente)." [s.n.], 1998. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287921.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Maria Beatriz B. de AraujoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-24T18:22:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pallu_VeraRegina_M.pdf: 3768838 bytes, checksum: d9a89c72fdbf1b6bdb1a428ad28eabd3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1998
Resumo: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar as alturas faciais anterior (AFA) e posterior (AFP), a fim de estabelecer valores médios para o Índice de Altura Facial (IAF), numa amostra de 70 telerradiografias em norma lateral de, indivíduos brasileiros, da região de Piracicaba, sendo 35 do sexo masculino e 35 feminino, numa faixa etária de 11 a 17 anos de idade, com oclusão clinicamente excelente e não submetidos a tratamento ortodôntico. As proporções faciais estudadas estavam baseadas nas seguintes dimensões: altura facial anterior (Pp-Me), altura facial posterior (Ar-Go), bem como a razão entre a altura facial posterior e a altura facial anterior, descrita como Índice de Altura Facial. Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes para as médias das alturas faciais anterior e posterior, assim como, para o índice de altura facial com relação as médias de sexo, indicando que não existiu dimorfismo sexual. As médias de idade para essas três dimensões também não mostraram diferenças 5, estatisticamente significantes, em ambos os- sexos. As alturas faciais anterior e posterior apresentaram um aumento constante e equilibrado durante o crescimento, que foi maior no sexo masculino do que no feminino, Porém, na idade de 17 anos houve uma tendência a diminuição dos valores para AFA e AFP. Os valores médios obtidos para altura facial anterior foi de 64,11 milímetros e para altura facial posterior foi de 51,14 milímetros. Para o índice de altura facial o valor médio obtido foi de 0.79 milímetros
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the anterior and posterior facial heights, to determine the average to the Facila Height Index seventy cephalometric radiographs taken fro Piracicaba children and adolescent, 35 female and 35 males, from 11 to 17years old presenting normal occlusion and nor submitted to previous treatment orthodontic. The facial proportions were studied, based on the following dimensions: ENA-Me (AFA); Ar-Go (AFP) and Facial Height Index (IAF) which was obtained dividing AFP per AFA. The results showed that there wasn¿t statistical difference for anterior and posterior facial heights and Facial Height Index to sex and age means, indicating that there were no sexual dimorfism. The mean anterior and posterior facial heights was stable and equilibrate during growth, from 11 to 16 years old and presenting a tendency to decrease in adhult age, grom 17 years old which was greater in the males than females. The mean anterior and posterior facial heights for studied sample was 64.11 mm and 51.14 respectivelly. The mean Facial Height Index was 0.79
Mestrado
Ortodontia
Mestre em Odontologia
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Severo, Tiago Cavagnoli. "Estudo das altitudes físicas aplicado à rede altimétrica fundamental do Brasil no estado do Rio Grande do Sul." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/83292.
Full textAbstract:
A adoção de uma rede altimétrica consistente constitui uma importante necessidade dentro da modernização do sistema geodésico nos contextos brasileiro e sul-americano. Atualmente na Rede Altimétrica Fundamental do Brasil (RAFB) aplica-se aos desníveis observados uma correção teórica devida ao não paralelismo das superfícies equipotenciais de forma a reduzir este erro, porém esta condição não assegura um significado físico para as altitudes. Buscando apresentar uma solução unívoca para a realização de sistemas altimétricos adota-se as altitudes físicas, as quais são fundamentadas no conhecimento do potencial da gravidade, baseado em importantes condições definidoras de um sistema vertical moderno. A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo determinar e avaliar a magnitude das correções das altitudes dinâmica, normal e ortométrica de Helmert, esta última aplicando a modelagem convencional da redução gravimétrica de Poincaré-Prey e também utilizando um tratamento refinado na redução obtido a partir da determinação de modelo de densidade de massas topográficas, em uma linha de nivelamento pertencente à RAFB situada na região nordeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul em um trajeto que possui 1.179,73 m de desnível. Para a realização das correções utilizou-se observações de gravimetria terrestre e outra abordagem baseada em dados de modelos do geopotencial. Os resultados obtidos na correção dos desníveis observados para as altitudes físicas mostram que o sistema de altitude normal é o mais compatível à atual rede altimétrica brasileira, pois as correções para este tipo de altitude possuem a maior aproximação ao termo corretivo aplicado aos desníveis da RAFB, dentre os sistemas avaliados. A utilização de dados de gravimetria oriundos de modelos do geopotencial mostra-se eficiente na determinação das correções sobre a linha nivelada em regiões plana, principalmente para a altitude normal. Porém para sua aplicação em áreas de grande variação topográfica esta metodologia necessita de um maior aprimoramento.The adoption of a consistent altimetric network constitutes an important need within the modernization of the geodetic system in the contexts brazilian and south american. Currently at the Brazilian Fundamental Altimetric Network (RAFB) are applied to the leveling increments observed a theoretical correction due to non-parallelism of equipotential surfaces in order to reduce this error, however this condition does not guarantee a physical meaning for the heights. Searching for provide a univocal solution for the realization of altimetric systems is adopted the physics heights, which are based on knowledge of the gravity potential, based on important conditions for defining a modern vertical system. This study aims to determine and evaluate the magnitude of the correction of dynamic height, normal height, and Helmert orthometric height, this latter applying the conventional modeling of Poincaré-Prey gravity reduction and also using a refined treatment in reduction obtained from the determination of the topographic mass density model, in a leveling line belonging to the RAFB located in the northeast region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul in a path that has 1.179,73 m of gap. The results obtained in the correction of the leveling increments observed for physics heights shows that the normal height system is the most compatible to the current Brazilian altimetric network, because the corrections for this kind of height have the closest approximation to the correction term applied to the height differences of RAFB, among the systems evaluated. The use of gravity data derived from geopotential models proves efficient in the determination of corrections on the leveling line in flat regions, primarily for normal height. However for its application in areas of great topographic variation this approach requires further refinement.
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Sabatia, Charles Obuya. "Stand dynamics, growth, and yield of genetically enhanced loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37627.
Full textAbstract:
Genetic improvement has been an integral part of loblolly pine plantation forestry in southern United States for about 60 years with focus on improving timber yield, wood quality, and pest and disease resistance. Advances in techniques of genetic selection, breeding, and propagation of planting material have made it possible to achieve genetic gains that are likely to result in significant changes in loblolly pine stand dynamics. Height-age relationships, height and diameter relationships and distributions, and intraspecific competition were investigated in second generation open-pollinated, controlled-pollinated, and clonal loblolly pine with an objective of characterizing the nature and magnitude of changes in these characteristics due to genetic improvement and clonal forestry. Genetic improvement and/or clonal forestry had no practical effect on parameters of the height-age and height-diameter relationships beyond the effect on the asymptote parameter of the Chapman-Richards and Korf equations that were used to model these relationships. Genetic improvement resulted in an increase in the mean of height distribution without a corresponding increase in the mean of the diameter distribution, but had no effect the variance and skewness of the distributions. Thus, growth and yield models in which basal area is a function of height at a specific age (site index) are likely to over predict genetic gains in basal area growth and volume yield. Increase in stand density resulted in an increase in variance of the diameter distribution of non-clonal stands but had no effect on the variance of the diameter distribution of clonal stands. Thus, diameter distribution of clonal stands may differ from that of non-clonal stands after crown closure despite the distributions not being different before and during early stages of crown closure.
This study also evaluated methods that may be used to predict height growth of new genetic varieties and those that may be used to asses intraspecific competition in forest stands. Mixed-model approach of calibrating a height-age relationship to a new loblolly pine clone gave biased estimates for clones that were at the extremes of the distribution of the groups. The use of maximum likelihood with simulated annealing (MLSA) to evaluate competitive interactions among trees in loblolly pine stands gave non-unique estimates of optimum competitor selection radius. A simpler technique that uses Pearson correlations was proposed and was found to work better than MLSA.Ph. D.
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Jacobi, Christoph, and Dierk Kürschner. "Mesopause region temperatures and plasma scale height estimations from VHF meteor radar and LF absolute reflection height measurements at Collm." Meteorologische Arbeiten aus Leipzig … und Jahresbericht … des Instituts für Meteorologie der Universität Leipzig ; 11 (2006), S. 1-10, 2006. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A15363.
Full textAbstract:
The change of ionospheric absolute reflection heights h of low-frequency (LF) radio waves at oblique incidence in the course of the day is measured at Collm Observatory (51.3°N, 13.0°E) using 1.8 kHz sideband phase comparisons between the sky-wave and the ground wave of a commercial 177 kHz transmitter (Zehlendorf, reflection point 52.1°N, 13.2°E). Plasma scale height estimates H are calculated from the decrease/increase of h in the morning/evening. The day-to-day variations of H are compared with those of daily mean temperatures at 90 km, measured with a VHF meteor radar (36.2 MHz) at Collm utilising the amplitude decay of meteor reflections. A good qualitative correspondence is found between the two data sets. Since mesospheric long-period temperature variations are generally accepted to be the signature of atmospheric planetary waves, this shows that LF reflection height measurements can be used for monitoring the dynamics of the upper middle atmosphere.
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Jacobi, Christoph, and Dierk Kürschner. "Mesopause region temperatures and plasma scale height estimations from VHF meteor radar and LF absolute reflection height measurements at Collm." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-219583.
Full textAbstract:
The change of ionospheric absolute reflection heights h of low-frequency (LF) radio waves at oblique incidence in the course of the day is measured at Collm Observatory (51.3°N, 13.0°E) using 1.8 kHz sideband phase comparisons between the sky-wave and the ground wave of a commercial 177 kHz transmitter (Zehlendorf, reflection point 52.1°N, 13.2°E). Plasma scale height estimates H are calculated from the decrease/increase of h in the morning/evening. The day-to-day variations of H are compared with those of daily mean temperatures at 90 km, measured with a VHF meteor radar (36.2 MHz) at Collm utilising the amplitude decay of meteor reflections. A good qualitative correspondence is found between the two data sets. Since mesospheric long-period temperature variations are generally accepted to be the signature of atmospheric planetary waves, this shows that LF reflection height measurements can be used for monitoring the dynamics of the upper middle atmosphere.
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Voss, Linda. "The short normal child : growth and psychosocial functioning in the prepubertal years (the Wessex Growth Study)." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242653.
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Edmondson, Paul Michael. "Hierarchical occlusion culling for arbitrarily-meshed height fields." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/231.
Full textAbstract:
Many graphics applications today have need for high-speed 3-D visualization of height fields. Most of these applications deal with the display of digital terrain models characterized by a simple, but vast, non-overlapping mesh of triangles. A great deal of research has been done to find methods of optimizing such systems. The goal of this work is to establish an algorithm to efficiently preprocess a hierarchical height field model that enables the real-time culling of occluded geometry while still allowing for classic terrain-rendering frameworks. By exploiting the planar-monotone characteristics of height fields, it is possible to create a unique and efficient occlusion culling method that is optimized for terrain rendering and similar applications. Previous work has shown that culling is possible with certain regularly-gridded height field models, but not until now has a system been shown to work with all height fields, regardless of how their meshes are constructed. By freeing the system of meshing restrictions, it is possible to incorporate a number of broader height field algorithms with widely-used applications such as flight simulators, GIS systems, and computer games.
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Ergin, Ozge. "Modeling Building Height Errors In 3d Urban Environments." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609097/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
A great interest in 3-D modeling in Geographic Information Technologies
(GIS) has emerged in recent years, because many GIS related
implementations, ranging from urban area design to environmental
analysis require 3-D models. Especially the need for 3-D models is quite
urgent in urban areas.
However, numerous applications in GIS only represent two-dimensional
information. The GIS community has been struggling with solving
complex problems dealing with 3-D objects using a 2-D approach. This
research focused on finding most accurate method which is used for
getting height information that is used in 3D modeling of man made
structures in urban areas. The first method is estimating height
information from floor numbers of the buildings data from municipal
database systems. The second method is deriving heights of buildings
from Digital Elevation Model (DEM) that is generated from stereo satellite
images. The third method is measuring height values of the buildings
from 3D view of stereo IKONOS satellite images by operators. The
comparisons between these three methods are done with respect to
height data collected from field study, and according to these
comparisons, the amount of the error is determined. The error is
classified according to floor numbers of buildings, so that, the quantified
errors can be applied for similar works in future. Lastly, the third method
is utilized by the assistance of 10 people who have different experience
level about 3D viewing, in order to see the error amount changes
according to different operators. Several results are presented with a
discussion of evaluation of the methods applied. It is found that, if there
is an updated floor number database, obtaining building height is the
most accurate way from this database. The second most accurate
method is found to be getting height information by using 3D view of
stereo IKONOS images through experienced users.