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Journal articles on the topic 'Hedgerow intercropping'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 August 2024

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1

Bannister, Michael E., and P. K. R. Nair. "Alley cropping as a sustainable agricultural technology for the hillsides of Haiti: Experience of an agroforestry outreach project." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 5, no. 2 (June 1990): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300003283.

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AbstractAlley cropping is a form of hedgerow intercropping where fast-growing leguminous trees are planted at dense within-row spacing, with agricultural crops planted between the hedgerows. This agroforestry technology, with the hedgerows planted on the contour across the slope, appears promising for small farmers on the hittslopes of Haiti An agroforestry outreach project operating in Haiti since 1981 has helped thousands of farmers plant hedgerows on their farms. The farmers are increasingly accepting the technology: the length of hedgerows planted by the farmers in the project area increased from 11 lineal km in 1987 to 140 lineal km in 1988. An evaluation of 50 farms where hedgerows had been installed shows that this technology results in soil conservation and microsite enrichment between hedgerows; the hedgerows also provide fodder and fuelwood. However, refinements are needed in technical aspects of hedgerow management, such as planting configurations, pruning regime, and choice of species. Moreover, soil and plant parameters as well as socioeconomic characteristics must be monitored in a systematic way in order to assess the impact of hedgerow intercropping on the sustainability of Haitian farming systems.

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2

Lei, Ping, Chengsheng Ni, Fangxin Chen, Sheng Wang, Shouqin Zhong, Shaojun Tan, Jiupai Ni, and Deti Xie. "Effects of Crop–Hedgerow Intercropping on the Soil Physicochemical Properties and Crop Yield on Sloping Cultivated Lands in a Purple Soil of Southwestern China." Forests 12, no. 8 (July 21, 2021): 962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12080962.

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Crop–hedgerow intercropping systems are important agroforestry systems for preventing soil degradation and soil nutrient losses on sloping cultivated land in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) area of China. However, the mechanism by which hedgerow spatial layouts and the planting patterns affect soil nutrients and crop yields is still uncertain. A two-year field experiment was performed on a 10° slope to investigate the effects of slope position and different crop–hedgerow intercropping systems on soil physicochemical properties and crop yields. The treatments were a two-belt mulberry contour hedgerow (TM), a two-belt compound mulberry–vetiver hedgerow (TCMV), a two-belt compound mulberry–alfalfa hedgerow (TCMA), a seven-year-old two-belt mulberry contour hedgerow (7YTM), a seven-year-old mulberry border hedgerow (7YBM), a seven-year-old pure mulberry (7YPM), and a control treatment (CT, no hedgerows). In all treatments, except 7YPM, there was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in crop yield, clay content, soil total nitrogen (STN), acid-hydrolyzable nitrogen (AHN), and soil organic carbon (SOC) with declining slope position, whereas soil bulk density (BD), sand content, and soil pH showed the opposite trend. In TM, TCMV, TCMA, and 7YTM, the mustard yields and soil properties were better than those in CT, and there was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in mustard yield or soil properties between the upper-middle and lower-middle slope positions. Compared with CT, TCMV, and TCMA increased mustard yields by 8.28% and 9.86%, respectively, while 7YTM, 7YBM, and 7YPM reduced mustard yields by 7.69%, 17.69%, and 29.73%, respectively. TCMV and TCMA were confirmed to be viable intercropping systems for significantly reducing nutrient losses, improving soil quality, and changing soil nutrient distributions to maintain optimum crop yields on sloping lands.

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3

Ssekabembe, Charles K. "Perspectives on hedgerow intercropping." Agroforestry Systems 3, no. 4 (1985): 339–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00055716.

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4

SHEPHERD, K. D., J. K. NDUFA, E. OHLSSON, H. SJÖGREN, and R. SWINKELS. "ADOPTION POTENTIAL OF HEDGEROW INTERCROPPING IN MAIZE-BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS IN THE HIGHLANDS OF WESTERN KENYA. 1. BACKGROUND AND AGRONOMIC EVALUATION." Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 2 (April 1997): 197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479797000082.

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The biophysical performance of hedgerow intercropping for soil fertility inprovement was assessed in a farmer-participatory trial in western Kenya over three years. Farmers successfully established dense hedgerows (median 6680 trees ha−1 on plots of 790 m2, but annual yields of hedgerow prunings of Leucaena leucocephala and Calliandra calothyrsus (1–4 t ha−1), were low compared to potentials in the region (4–8 t ha−1). The hedgerows reduced slopes from 7.2 to 4.5% within alleys (p < 0.01) but had no effect on grain yield over five seasons. Little of the variation in grain yield between hedgerow plots and control plots without hedgerows (adjusted r2 = 11%) and among control plots (adjusted r2 = 29%) could be accounted for by linear regression with measured agronomic and socio-economic variables. Fully researcher-managed trials are recommended for agronomic evaluation of complex agroforestry technologies.

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5

DE COSTA, W. A. J. M., and P. SURENTHRAN. "Resource competition in contour hedgerow intercropping systems involving different shrub species with mature and young tea on sloping highlands in Sri Lanka." Journal of Agricultural Science 143, no. 5 (September 30, 2005): 395–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859605005563.

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Tea (Camellia sinensis) in Sri Lanka is grown predominantly on sloping highlands. Incorporating trees as hedgerows along contours is aimed at reducing erosion and improving soil fertility through addition of prunings as mulch. However, there could be significant competition for essential growth resources between the hedgerows and tea. The primary objective of this study was to determine the influence of six hedgerow species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna [Cassia] spectabilis, Eupatorium inulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) on mature (6-year-old) and young (6-month-old) tea. This study had three on-farm, long-term (from Nov 1998 to Dec 2002) field experiments. Experiment 1 had 12 treatment combinations with the six shrub species and two mulching treatments (i.e. hedgerow prunings added to the tea plot as a mulch, and unmulched) on mature tea plus a sole tea crop as control. The same was repeated on young tea in Experiment 2 to determine whether resource competition on young tea was greater than that on mature tea. Experiment 3 examined the effects of removing tree root competition on tea by cutting a 1-m deep trench between hedgerows and tea.In all experiments, total tea yields of hedgerow intercrops, cumulated over the 50-month experimental period, were significantly lower (by 3–50%) than sole tea crops, thus indicating significant resource competition except in the case of mulched hedgerow systems involving Eupatorium and mature tea (18% yield increase). Removal of below-ground competition significantly increased tea yields by 11–19%. Addition of hedgerow prunings as a mulch significantly increased yields of both mature and young tea by 13–21%. Tea yields of hedgerow systems with Calliandra, Flemingia and Eupatorium showed greater yield reductions in young tea than in mature tea, but the opposite was shown with other hedgerow species. There was a significant negative linear relationship between tea yield and pruned biomass of hedgerows. Tea yields of all experiments showed significant negative correlations with several hedgerow characters, which are indicators of their competitive ability. These included hedgerow root density, canopy lateral spread, height and cross-section. In a majority of hedgerow systems, the available phosphorus content of topsoil (0–20 cm depth) was up to 51% lower compared to sole crops. It is concluded that incorporation of contour hedgerows in to an existing tea crop could result in significant resource competition with tea and thereby cause tea yield to decrease. However, there is scope for selection of hedgerow species that minimize competition through spatial and temporal complementarity with tea in resource capture.

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6

Lemage, B., M. Tsegaye, and Y. Anmaw. "Evaluation and demonstration of leguminous shrubs hedgerows intercropping with maize crop." International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 11, no. 1 (July 2, 2021): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v11i1.54467.

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Smallholder farmers influenced from the challenges of production constraints to afford farm family with surplus food. To improve this problem the present study was designed to evaluate legume shrubs hedgerow intercropping with maize. In the present study, the growth performance of Sesbania sesban and Cajanus cajan was evaluated to determine their potential in hedgerow intercropping. The result revealed that Sesbania sesban performs better than Cajanus cajan in terms of biomass provision in the successive pruning, mean height, branching, diameter at breast height and root collar diameter. Biomass produced from Sesbania sesban was significantly higher than Cajanus cajan, this plays great role in soil nutrient improvement and maize yield also increased. There was an increasing trend in soil properties in terms of organic C, total N, in legume treatments especially in Sesbania sesban hedgerow to the initial and control soils. Maize grain yield higher under Sesbania sesban hedgerow plot than Cajanus cajan, maize with fertilizer and control. This should be intensively demonstrated to sustain the agricultural production as an organic farming through integration of easily adapting, less competing with the companion crop, deep rooted and fast growing legume tree/shrub species. Further research is important in areas of determining decomposing rate of different parts, pruned biomass and potential species should be identified. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 11(1): 60-68, June 2021

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7

SWINKELS, R., and S. FRANZEL. "ADOPTION POTENTIAL OF HEDGEROW INTERCROPPING IN MAIZE-BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS IN THE HIGHLANDS OF WESTERN KENYA 2. ECONOMIC AND FARMERS' EVALUATION." Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 2 (April 1997): 211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479797000094.

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Hedgerow intercropping is evaluated both economically and from the farmers' viewpoint, based on four years of experience of 45 farmers in western Kenya. Farmers were able to establish and prune the hedges; however, both activities considerably increased labour use during the busiest period of the year. Women did not generally prune the hedges. The average extra maize yield required each year, beginning in the second year, to cover the added cost of hedgerow intercropping was 10.5% (s.d. 5.5) when based on returns to land and 17.5% (s.d. 6.5) based on returns to labour. Although about half the farmers claimed that hedges improved crop yields, after three years of experimentation only about one-fifth planted additional hedges and only 14% did so to improve soil fertility. It thus appears that the potential for its adoption as a soil fertility practice in this area is low. Control plots were of little use as farmers were more interested in contrasting test-plot yields with past yields than comparing the test and control plots. Different types of trials may be required to obtain reliable biophysical data on yield response and socio-economic data on farmer assessment of complex agroforestry technologies.

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8

., M. I. U. Mollah, A. Khatun ., M. M. Alam ., A. H. Khan ., and N. E. Elahi . "Hedgerow Intercropping of Pigeonpea in Rainfed Upland Ecosystems of Bangladesh." Journal of Biological Sciences 2, no. 2 (January 15, 2002): 133–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2002.133.135.

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9

Sun, Hui, Ya Tang, and Jiasui Xie. "Contour hedgerow intercropping in the mountains of China: a review." Agroforestry Systems 73, no. 1 (February 21, 2008): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10457-008-9113-x.

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10

Govindarajan, Muthiah, Meka R. Rao, Moses N. Mathuva, and P. K. Ramachandran Nair. "Soil‐Water and Root Dynamics under Hedgerow Intercropping in Semiarid Kenya." Agronomy Journal 88, no. 4 (July 1996): 513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj1996.00021962008800040003x.

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11

CHENG, Yan-Hui, Shu-Hua ZHAO, Qiong MO, Zhong-Lu GUO, and Chong-Fa CAI. "Soil N2O emission in contour hedgerow/crop intercropping system in subtropical China." Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture 21, no. 6 (October 4, 2013): 700–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1011.2013.00700.

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12

Rowe, Edwin C., Meine Van Noordwijk, Didik Suprayogo, and Georg Cadisch. "Nitrogen use efficiency of monoculture and hedgerow intercropping in the humid tropics." Plant and Soil 268, no. 1 (January 2005): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-004-0227-2.

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13

Nelson, R. A., and R. A. Cramb. "Economic incentives for farmers in the Philippine uplands to adopt hedgerow intercropping." Journal of Environmental Management 54, no. 2 (October 1998): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jema.1998.0220.

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14

Wiersum, K. F. "Farmer adoption of contour hedgerow intercropping, a case study from east Indonesia." Agroforestry Systems 27, no. 2 (August 1994): 163–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00705472.

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15

David, S. "What do farmers think? Farmer evaluations of hedgerow intercropping under semi-arid conditions." Agroforestry Systems 32, no. 1 (October 1995): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00713845.

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16

Ghezehei, Solomon B., John Annandale, and Colin Everson. "Optimizing resource distribution and crop productivity in hedgerow intercropping by manipulating tree arrangement." Agroforestry Systems 90, no. 5 (April 28, 2016): 861–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10457-016-9951-x.

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17

Garré, S., T. Günther, J. Diels, and J. Vanderborght. "Evaluating Experimental Design of ERT for Soil Moisture Monitoring in Contour Hedgerow Intercropping Systems." Vadose Zone Journal 11, no. 4 (October 29, 2012): vzj2011.0186. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2011.0186.

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18

Lupwayi, N. Z., and I. Haque. "Leucaena hedgerow intercropping and cattle manure application in the Ethiopian highlands III. Nutrient balances." Biology and Fertility of Soils 28, no. 2 (December 1, 1998): 204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050484.

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19

Nelson, R. A., P. G. Grist, K. M. Menz, R. A. Cramb, E. P. Paningbatan, and M. A. Mamicpic. "A cost-benefit analysis of hedgerow intercropping in the Philippine uplands using the SCUAF model." Agroforestry Systems 35, no. 2 (August 1996): 203–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00122780.

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20

Rao, M. R., M. M. Sharma, and C. K. Ong. "A tree/crop interface design and its use for evaluating the potential of hedgerow intercropping." Agroforestry Systems 13, no. 2 (February 1991): 143–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00140238.

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21

Oyelami, B. A., and B. Osikabor. "Adoption of Silvopastoral Agroforestry System for a Sustainable Cattle Production in Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 26, no. 8 (August 31, 2022): 1397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v26i8.12.

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Silvopastoral systems are agroforestry systems that involves a combination of tree growing with the production of livestock. This type of agroforestry system has the potential to improve hydric balance, enhances biodiversity conservation, increases organic livestock proximity index, allows cleaner cattle production, improves cattle production per hectare, improves carbon sequestration, reduce greenhouse gases and significantly reduce /eliminate herder -farmer conflicts in Nigeria . Hence, this paper reviews and introduces the adoption of silvopastoral agroforestry system for a sustainable cattle production in Nigeria using literatures. Types of silvopastoral systems includes Fodder bank systems, live fence or boundary systems, hedgerow intercropping systems and tree plantation with animal grazing systems. There is limited information on silvopastoral system in Nigeria, hence the need to carry out more research and studies on its acceptability and sustainability in the future.

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22

ASSÈDÉ, Eméline S. P., Samadori S. H. BIAOU, Paxie W. CHIRWA, Jesugnon Fifamè Murielle Féty TONOUEWA, and Eduardo Valdés VELARDE. "Low-cost agroforestry technologies for climate change mitigation and adaptation in Sub-Saharan Africa: A review." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 356 (September 4, 2023): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2023.356.a36908.

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Agroforestry encompasses a large set of techniques and practices that have the potential to improve farm productivity with minimum environmental impacts in the context of climate change mitigation and adaptation (CCMA). In this paper, we discuss the relevance of agroforestry technologies and practices for CCMA in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We recorded 173 scholarly works and and reviewed 62. Our findings indicate that comprehensive and well-developed technologies are used in agroforestry systems in SSA. They can be classified into four main groups (intercropping, improved fallows, mulching and parkland) and seven sub-groups (relay cropping, hedgerow intercropping, rotational woodlots, coppicing fallows, farmer-managed regeneration, on-farm tree domestication through poly-propagation and mulching) based on factors including the origins and uses of the trees and the types of tree-crop association. Our review showed that the maximum positive effect of parkland agroforestry is obtained when tree density ranges from 20 to 40 tree/ha, indicating an increase in crop production of 915.9 kg/ha. Furthermore, overall, the returns to labour of techniques involving fertilizer trees outperform those for natural fallows by 17%. Agroforestry techniques contribute substantially to the REDD+ program, but the best techniques with the highest cost-benefit- ratio and a substantial CCMA effect appear to be the intercropping and improved fallow systems. However, we observed a lack of detailed context-specific economic, social and environmental costs for the different techniques. For effective and rational decision-making by farmers in their adoption of agroforestry, further research should focus on filling in the detailed economic, social and environmental costs of each technology in each specific context.

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Lupwayi, N. Z., and I. Haque. "Leucaena hedgerow intercropping and cattle manure application in the Ethiopian highlands I. Decomposition and nutrient release." Biology and Fertility of Soils 28, no. 2 (December 1, 1998): 182–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050482.

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24

Onyenso, A. I., K. A. Nwobodo, A. M. Yakubu, and L. N. Onyenweaku. "Effect of alley plants species and plantain cultivars on yield of 60-day cowpea grain in Umudike Southern Nigeria." Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences 16, no. 2 (April 6, 2020): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/joafss.v16i2.4.

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Alley cropping or hedgerow intercropping is one of the many sub-systems of agroforestry technology. A 5 x 3 factorial experiment in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was used to determine the effect of four alley woody species and three plantain cultivars on the yield of 60-day cowpea grain in the 2017 and 2018 farming seasons. The Alley species, plantain cultivars and Alley species x plantain cultivars treatment interactions showed no significant effects (p<0.05) on cowpea grain yield. Students t-test on the two farming seasons showed significant increase in yield of cowpea grain in 2018 than in 2017. Alley cropping technology could increase 60-day cowpea grain yield due to improved soil fertility in the system. Keywords: alley cropping, yield, 60-day cowpea, alley woody species, plantain cultivars

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Lupwayi, N. Z., I. Haque, A. R. Saka, and D. E. K. A. Siaw. "Leucaena hedgerow intercropping and cattle manure application in the Ethiopian highlands II. Maize yields and nutrient uptake." Biology and Fertility of Soils 28, no. 2 (December 1, 1998): 196–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050483.

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26

Wang, Tao, Bo Zhu, and Lizhong Xia. "Effects of contour hedgerow intercropping on nutrient losses from the sloping farmland in the Three Gorges Area, China." Journal of Mountain Science 9, no. 1 (January 25, 2012): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11629-012-2197-9.

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27

Rao, M. R., M. M. Sharma, and C. K. Ong. "A study of the potential of hedgerow intercropping in semi-arid India using a two-way systematic design." Agroforestry Systems 11, no. 3 (September 1990): 243–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00045902.

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28

Onyenso, A. I., K. A. Nwobodo, and L. N. Onyenweaku. "Effect of alley plants species and plantain cultivars on yield of ita 331 upland rice in Umudike southern Nigeria." Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences 17, no. 2 (April 19, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/joafss.v17i2.1.

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Alley cropping or hedgerow intercropping is one of the many sub-systems of agroforestry technology. A 5 x 3 factorial experiment in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was used to determine the effect of four alley woody species and three plantain cultivars on the yield of ITA 331 upland rice grain in the 2017 and 2018 farming seasons. The Alley species, plantain cultivars and Alley species x plantain cultivars treatment interactions showed no significant effects (p>0.05) on ITA 331 upland rice grain yield. Student t-test on the two farming seasons showed significant increase in yield of ITA 331 upland rice grain in 2018 than in 2017. The non-significantly different rice grain yield in the alley species treatment plots could be due to the generally high nutrient release of the decomposed legume-based alley species. Agroforestry combination of alley plants species and plantain cultivars is suitable for ITA 331 upland rice production. Key words: alley cropping, yield, ITA 331 upland rice grain, alley woody species, plantain cultivars

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A. J. M. De Costa, W., and A. G. Chandrapala. "Environmental Interactions between Different Tree Species and Mung Bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) in Hedgerow Intercropping Systems in Sri Lanka." Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 184, no. 3 (May 2000): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-037x.2000.00364.x.

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S., Abugre. "Compatibility of Jatropha Curcas with Maize (Zea Mays L.) Cv. Obatampa in a Hedgerow Intercropping System Grown on Ferric Acrisols." Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 4, no. 3 (2015): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20150403.16.

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De Costa, W. A. J. M., P. Surenthran, and K. B. Attanayake. "Tree-crop interactions in hedgerow intercropping with different tree species and tea in Sri Lanka: 2. Soil and plant nutrients." Agroforestry Systems 63, no. 3 (June 2005): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10457-004-0764-y.

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De Costa, W. A. J. M., and P. Surenthran. "Tree-crop interactions in hedgerow intercropping with different tree species and tea in Sri Lanka: 1. Production and resource competition." Agroforestry Systems 63, no. 3 (June 2005): 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10457-005-1090-8.

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De Costa, W. A. J. M., and A. G. Chandrapala. "Effects of Different Tree Species on Growth and Yield of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) Grown in Hedgerow Intercropping Systems in Sri Lanka." Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 184, no. 1 (March 2000): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-037x.2000.00363.x.

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34

OYETUNJI, O. J., O. OSONUBI, and I. J. EKANAYAKE. "Contributions of an alley cropping system and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to maize productivity under cassava intercrop in the derived savannah zone." Journal of Agricultural Science 140, no. 3 (May 2003): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859603002946.

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Alley cropping is a prototype agro-forestry system practiced in many parts of the humid tropics. It is one of the established, promising and sustainable low-input soil management ventures. An improved understanding of the eco-physiological relationships between the arable and perennials in this system could contribute to solving issues of sustainability for nutrient use and system productivity. Field experiments were conducted in Alabata and Ajibode, located in the derived savannah zone of Nigeria, to evaluate the comparative effects of an alley cropping system, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation and cassava intercropping on maize yield. These on-farms trials (research managed and farmer managed) were conducted in the 1993/94 and 1995/96 growing seasons, in Rhodic Kandiustalf soil type with low nutrients. Each trial was a split-plot factorial arranged in randomized complete blocks with three replications. Biomass productions of maize and cassava tuber yield were determined. The results obtained at Alabata indicated that the maize plants were heavily infected with AM fungi whether inoculated or not. The hedgerow trees did not have a significant effect on maize yield. The increase in yield brought about by the alley cropping system was generally less than 15%, except in one farm where increases of 34·6 and 46·5% were recorded in AM-inoculated and non-inoculated plots respectively. The introduced AM fungi did not significantly enhance maize yield at Alabata; the percentage increase was not more than 24%. This trend was also observed at Ajibode. Cassava tuber yield was found to be suppressed by the alley cropping system irrespective of the cultivar. The decrease in yield ranged from 2·6 to 150·8%. However, inoculation of the cassava with exotic AM fungi brought about an enhancement of its tuber production. The increase ranged from 20·7 to 189·8% depending on the treatment combination. It is therefore necessary to encourage adoption of the improved alley cropping system integrated with mycorrhizal technology.

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35

Hussain, Khalid, Ayesha Ilyas, Irshad Bibi, and Thomas Hilger. "Sustainable Soil Loss Management in Tropical Uplands: Impact on Maize-Chili Cropping Systems." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (June 7, 2021): 6477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116477.

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Intensive land use with inappropriate land management is directly degrading South Asian uplands. A field trial was carried out on the uplands of Western Thailand with a 25% slope to examine the effect of land use management on soil loss for sustainable crop production during two consecutive years (2010–2011). Various cropping systems with soil conservation practices were compared to maize sole cropping (MSC). Results revealed that soil loss was at a minimum in the intercropping system of maize-chili-hedgerows with minimum tillage and fertilization that was 50% to 61% and 60% to 81% less than MSC and the bare soil plot during both years, respectively. Yield advantage was at its maximum, as indicated by the highest land equivalent ratios of 1.28 and 1.21 during 2010 and 2011, respectively, in maize-chili-hedgerows-intercropping with minimum tillage and fertilization. The highest economic returns (5925 and 1058 euros ha−1 during 2010 and 2011, respectively) were also obtained from maize-chili-hedgerows-intercropping with minimum tillage and fertilization. Chili fresh fruit yield was maximum in the chili alone plot during both years due to the greater area under cultivation compared with intercropping. Maize-chili-hedgerows with minimum tillage and fertilization reduced soil loss and increased land productivity and net returns, indicating its promising features for sustainable crop production on uplands.

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Muoni, Tarirai, Eric Koomson, Ingrid Öborn, Carsten Marohn, Christine A. Watson, Göran Bergkvist, Andrew Barnes, Georg Cadisch, and Alan Duncan. "Reducing soil erosion in smallholder farming systems in east Africa through the introduction of different crop types." Experimental Agriculture 56, no. 2 (September 17, 2019): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479719000280.

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AbstractOn low-input smallholder farms of Kenyan upland landscapes, erosion of nutrient-rich topsoil strongly affects crop yields. Where maize (Zea mays) is intercropped on erosion-prone slopes, intercropping can potentially reduce soil erosion. The objective of this research was to quantify the contribution of crops and crop mixtures of different growth habits to erosion control and their influence on above-ground biomass and earthworm abundance as indicators of soil function in smallholder farming systems under a bimodal rainfall pattern in Western Kenya. The experiment involved five treatments, namely maize (Z. mays)/common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) intercrop (maize intercrop), maize/common bean intercrop plus Calliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus) hedgerows and Calliandra mulch (Calliandra), sole Lablab (Lablab purpureus), sole Mucuna (Mucuna pruriens) and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) intercropped with maize (during the short rains). The experiment was conducted over three consecutive cropping seasons and the cropping system had significant effects on soil loss, runoff, water infiltration, earthworm abundance and above-ground biomass and crop grain yield. The Calliandra treatment had the lowest runoff (11.6–17.2 mm ha−1) and soil erosion (31–446 kg ha−1 per season) in all the seasons, followed by the Mucuna treatment. Lablab was affected by disease and showed the highest soil erosion in the last two seasons. Infiltration was highest in Calliandra treatment, and earthworm abundance was higher under Mucuna and Calliandra treatments (229 and 165 earthworms per square metre, respectively) than under other crops. Our results suggest that including sole crops of herbaceous species such as Mucuna, or tree hedgerows with mixtures of maize and grain legumes has the potential to reduce runoff and soil erosion in smallholder farming. Additionally, these species provide a suitable habitat for earthworms which stabilise soil structure and macropores and thus potentially increase infiltration, further reducing soil erosion.

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Herz, Annette, Fabian Cahenzli, Servane Penvern, Lukas Pfiffner, Marco Tasin, and Lene Sigsgaard. "Managing Floral Resources in Apple Orchards for Pest Control: Ideas, Experiences and Future Directions." Insects 10, no. 8 (August 11, 2019): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10080247.

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Functional biodiversity is of fundamental importance for pest control. Many natural enemies rely on floral resources to complete their life cycle. Farmers need to ensure the availability of suitable and sufficient floral biodiversity. This review summarizes 66 studies on the management of floral biodiversity in apple orchards, published since 1986. Approaches followed different degrees of intervention: short-term practices (mowing regime and weed maintenance, cover crops), establishment of durable ecological infrastructures (perennial flower strips, hedgerows) and re-design of the crop system (intercropping, agroforestry). Although short-term practices did not always target the nutrition of natural enemies by flowering plants, living conditions for them (alternative prey, provision of habitat) were often improved. Perennial flower strips reliably enhanced natural enemies and techniques for their introduction continuously developed. Resident natural enemies and their impact in pest control reacted positively to the introduction of a more diversified vegetation, whereas the response of very mobile organisms was often not directly linked to the measures taken. A careful selection and management of plants with particular traits exploitable by most natural enemies emerged as a key-point for success. Now the elaborated design of such measures needs to be adopted by stakeholders and policy makers to encourage farmers to implement these measures in their orchards.

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Banda, A. Z., J. A. Maghembe, D. N. Ngugi, and V. A. Chome. "Effect of intercropping maize and closely spacedLeucaena hedgerows on soil conservation and maize yield on a steep slope at Ntcheu, Malawi." Agroforestry Systems 27, no. 1 (July 1994): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00704831.

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Oshunsanya, S. O. "Spacing effects of vetiver grass (Vetiveria nigritana Stapf) hedgerows on soil accumulation and yields of maize–cassava intercropping system in Southwest Nigeria." CATENA 104 (May 2013): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2012.10.019.

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Girma, Gonche. "Review on Socio-Ecological Contribution of Agroforestry Practices in Ethiopia." East African Journal of Forestry and Agroforestry 7, no. 1 (July 25, 2024): 268–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajfa.7.1.2060.

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Agroforestry is often defined as a practice that provides multiple economic, social, and ecological benefits. It is a novel approach that can safeguard agricultural sustainability, provide livelihood opportunities, yield ecological benefits, and contribute to household food security. However, comprehensive studies on the socio-ecological contributions of agroforestry are limited due to a lack of evidence. Therefore, a comprehensive review was conducted to analyze and compile various fragmented findings into one cohesive piece of evidence. The review utilized both qualitative and quantitative approaches to explore the socio-economic and ecological components of agroforestry. The findings revealed that there are different integration levels of tree components with crops or livestock within the three agroforestry systems (agrosilvopastoral, silvopastoral, and agrisilvicultural). Dominant agroforestry practices in various regions of Ethiopia include home gardens, hedgerows, intercropping, perennial tree-crop systems, woodlots, scattered trees on farms, and parkland agroforestry. Agroforestry provides socioeconomic benefits through timber and non-timber tree products, as well as improved crop yields compared to monocrops. Additionally, agroforestry plays a role in soil and water management, carbon sequestration, deforestation reduction, and biodiversity preservation. The review indicated that agroforestry can store 61-85% or 2.1-115.7 Mg of carbon per hectare. Various socio-economic, institutional, and biophysical factors influence different agroforestry practices. The review results suggest that policymakers and extension agents should consider these contextual factors and potential benefits to encourage the wider expansion of agroforestry practices

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Muinga, R. W., W. Thorpe, and J. H. Topps. "Voluntary food intake, live-weight change and lactation performance of crossbred dairy cows given ad libitum Pennisetum purpureum (napier grass var. Bana) supplemented with leucaena forage in the lowland semi-humid tropics." Animal Science 55, no. 3 (December 1992): 331–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100021024.

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AbstractScarce and poor-quality food resources limit smallholder dairy production in the tropics. Food resources for zerograzing may be improved by intercropping Pennisetum purpureum (napier grass) with Leucaena leucocephala leguminous hedgerows. To evaluate dairy cow performance from this alley cropping system, 36 Ayrshire/Brown Swiss × Sahiwal cows in a 2×3 factorial design were individually fed from the 3rd week of lactation for 14 weeks on diets of napier fodder harvested at 1·0 m or 1·5 m and offered ad libitum, supplemented with 0, 4 or 8 kg fresh weight leucaena fodder. Average daily milk yield during the 2nd week of lactation was a covariate in the analyses of milk yield, and post-partum live weight a covariate in the analyses of dry matter (DM) intake and live-weight change.Napier harvesting height and leucaena level had independent effects on performance. Napier height (1·0 m or 1·5 m) significantly (P < 0·01) affected daily napier DM intake (9·3 and 6·8 kg), total daily DM intake (10·5 and 7·9 kg), daily live-weight losses (165 and 490 g) and daily milk yield (8·6 and 6·9 kg respectively). Leucaena supplementation (0, 4 or 8 kg) significantly (P<0·01) increased total daily DM intake (7·8, 9·3 and 10·4 kg), reduced daily live-weight loss (560,235 and 175 g), and increased daily milk yield (7·3, 7·7 and 8·3 kg respectively). The results show that reasonable dairy performance can be achieved in the tropics by supplementing a napier fodder basal diet with leucaena forage, and highlight the importance of the stage of harvesting of the napier fodder. The results are discussed in relation to the nutrient requirements for milk production given by the Agricultural Research Council (1980 and 1984).

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Meena, L. R., J. S. Mann, and S. A. Karim. "Agroforestry Practices in Arid and Semi - Arid Regions of India: Challenges and Opportunities." Indian Journal of Forestry 35, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2012-xa96c4.

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The review indicates the potential of Agroforestry Practices to meet out the requirements of food, fodder, fuelwood and other tree products as well as resource conservation in the arid and semi-arid regions of the country. However, it is recommended that there is an urgent need of integration of forestry with agriculture at the same place. Based upon various studies conducted on Agroforestry Practices such as planting methods, fertilization, spacing and pruning schedules for raising some of the promising forest and fruit trees in association with annual and perennial field crops have been developed and standardized for management of land degradation. Successful efforts have been made to stabilize the yields of selected crops under tree canopies through agronomic manipulations and by tree canopy management practices. Supplement income can be obtained without reducing productivity and quality of natural grasslands through the introduction of promising leguminous trees on dry degraded lands. These lands which were producing only 2-3 t/ ha/ year biomass earlier are now producing 8-10 t/ha/year high quality biomass. Soil-root interface studies in terms of sharing of space, water, nutrients and light has been workout. The lands which belong to Classes IV/V-VII can be brought under protective measures through plantation of forest trees are considered very important for Agroforestry System. Fodder trees leaves are valuable feed stuffs to animals during lean period. These can be obtained from the top feed species by lopping management. Besides, these are good source of protein and supply of high energy diet during dry season of the year. Moreover, pods and fruits from planted tree species in Agroforestry System are highly palatable and can substitute in the concentrate feed. Some trees pods can also be used as a human and cattle feed. In general, pods are more nutritious than leaf. Under Agroforestry Systems agricultural crops can be grown successfully when the tree are lopped. The negative effects of Agroforestry trees can be narrowed down by lopping management. The plantation of trees as field boundary serves as shelterbelts and windbreaks to protect the field crops from biotic and abiotic stresses. Short rotation tree species are planted in high density and managed by regular pruning, thinning, felling, copping farming to ensure high productivity and conservation on degraded lands. The degraded lands could be rehabilitated by the use of silvi-pastoral system for continuous supply of fodder, fuelwood and other associated products. The yield of cultivated crops had decreased under trees because of competitions for natural resources like soil, water, light and nutrients. But reduction of fuel, fodder and soil nutrients can compensate this loss. Under horti-pastoral system, fruit trees can be planted very well and seeds of perennial legumes and grasses can be grown in between the rows of fruit trees. Hedgerows intercropping between bushes/ trees and agricultural crops primarily as an alternate land use system for enhancing productivity of whole system. Besides, it also fulfills the demand of fodder, firewood, and control of soil erosion. Alternate strip cropping of grasses and perennial legumes on sloppy degraded lands yielded high dry matter production when vegetative barriers were also used. Thus, in nutshell holistic approaches of Agroforestry Systems in dry fringe in India can be served as a multi purposes. This paper focused especially on the Agroforestry Practices recently conducted in dry parts of the country.

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Yousefi, Maryam, Riho Marja, Elias Barmettler, Johan Six, Anne Dray, and Jaboury Ghazoul. "The effectiveness of intercropping and agri-environmental schemes on ecosystem service of biological pest control: a meta-analysis." Agronomy for Sustainable Development 44, no. 2 (February 26, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13593-024-00947-7.

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AbstractPlant diversification contributes to the ecological intensification of agroecosystems through pest biocontrol services provision. However, the existing evidence for the effectiveness of plant diversification in enhancing pest biocontrol services is highly uncertain across features of plant diversity and biodiversity characteristics. We undertook a comparative meta-analysis focusing on three essential crops (wheat, maize, and soybean) to investigate how diversification schemes in-field (intercropping) and Agri-environmental scheme (AES) around the field (flower strip, hedgerow and field margin) affect arthropod abundance. A random effects analysis was used to determine the role of 10 key factors underlying the effectiveness of plant diversification including biodiversity level and habitat, main and companion plant species, intercropping arrangement, the growth stage of the main crops, type of AES planting scheme, AES planting width, distance from AES plantings and geographical latitude. The overall results revealed that intercropping reduced herbivore and boosted predators and parasitoids abundance significantly, while AES successfully increased predators but not herbivores. Maize intercropping with legume and non-legume plants and row intercropping allowed for effective pest management. The abundance of predators increased in wheat fields immediately adjacent to planting around the field (AES), but this effect declined beyond 5 m from the flower strips. Our results suggest that the response of arthropod abundance to plant diversification is a compromise between spatial management scale, ecological characteristics of arthropod and plant diversification features. These results offer promising pathways for optimizing plant diversification schemes that include functional farm biodiversity across spatial and temporal scales and designing multi-functional landscapes.

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Insaidoo, T. F., and S. J. Quarshie-Sam. "Evaluation of the effect of hedgerow intercropping using Leucaena leucocephala and fertilizer application on growth and yield of garden eggs (Solanum melongena)." Journal of Science and Technology (Ghana) 27, no. 2 (November 22, 2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/just.v27i2.33041.

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Gowton, Chelsea Megan, César Cabra-Arias, and Juli Carrillo. "Intercropping With Peppermint Increases Ground Dwelling Insect and Pollinator Abundance and Decreases Drosophila suzukii in Fruit." Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 5 (October 21, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2021.700842.

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Intercropping can be used to reduce pest insects within agricultural systems, e.g., through deterring pests directly or by increasing habitat for their natural enemies. For example, plant produced volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can deter or confuse host-finding by insects through olfactory disruption. Drosophila suzukii is an invasive fruit fly of agricultural concern as it can lay its eggs in both ripening and fresh fruits and, uses olfactory cues to identify its wide range of host plants. Peppermint plants (Mentha × piperita) produce high levels of VOCs while growing and may, therefore, be suitable as an intercrop to reduce D. suzukii infestations in the field, as peppermint essential oil VOCs have previously been shown to deter D. suzukii in olfactory trials. We conducted a field intercropping experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of peppermint plants compared to traditional ryegrass/clover mixes in reducing D. suzukii oviposition in the field, and the effect of peppermint intercrops on other invertebrates. In the field, we monitored sentinel fruit baits weekly for D. suzukii infestation. Additionally, we monitored intercropping effects on the invertebrate community through weekly pitfall trap collection and through a pollinator point survey. We monitored for local, farm level presence of D. suzukii through apple cider vinegar traps within crop fields and along hedgerows and found high abundance of D. suzukii (>3,000 individuals trapped). Peppermint intercrops had fewer D. suzukii emerge from fruit baits and supported greater beneficial insect abundance (predators and pollinators) compared to ryegrass/clover. However, levels of D. suzukii were low across both intercrop types. Overall, we found that peppermint intercrops could be a potential aromatic intercrop used to reduce D. suzukii adult emergence from fruit compared to conventional ryegrass/clover mixes, however this trial should be replicated over multiple growing seasons, geographic locations, and host fruits. Furthermore, further study should determine the effects of the intercrop on the focal crop of interest.

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