Journal articles: 'Heavy workpieces'

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Qiu, Xue Song, Liang Wang, Lei Wang, Jia Qi Liu, and Yu Lin Zhou. "Development of a 90°/180° Upender for Large and Heavy Workpiece by Using Airbags-Drived Flipping Worktable." Advanced Materials Research 915-916 (April 2014): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.915-916.228.

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There is a serious security problem in the process of workpieces flipping, which restricts the increase of production capacity in manufacturing process of large workpieces applied in nuclear power equipment. The shapes and characteristics of flipping workpieces were analyzed; the general model of workpieces outer contour was established. The design goals of heavy castings and forgings cold-work turnover mechanism were formulated based on the requirements of turning process, then the basic constraint-face was build and the geometric constraint-model was uniformed. A novelty 3- DOF planar serial mechanism of heavy upender was proposed whose overall configuration consists of three movements, that is roll, mobile, folding turn, which can realize the double function of turning 90 ° and 180 ° of large workpiece as hollow cylindrical, conical and spherical crown three types. On this basis, the airbags-drived flipping worktable was designed; Topological optimization of flipping worktable was further conducted. Its key technology will provide useful ideas and references for the development of large heavy duty positioner and turnover machine with its other related equipment.

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Rajaraman, Mabaran, Kyle Bannerman, and Kenji Shimada. "Inventory Tracking for Unstructured Environments via Probabilistic Reasoning." Logistics 4, no. 3 (July 14, 2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/logistics4030016.

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Workpiece location is critical to efficiently plan actions downstream in manufacturing processes. In labor-intensive heavy industries, like construction and shipbuilding, multiple stakeholders interact, stack and move workpieces in the absence of any system to log such actions. While track-by-detection approaches rely on sensing technologies such as Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Global Positioning System (GPS), cluttered environments and stacks of workpieces pose several limitations to their adaptation. These challenges limit the usage of such technology to presenting the last known position of a workpiece with no further guidance on a search strategy. In this work we show that a multi-hypothesis tracking approach that models human reasoning can provide a search strategy based on available observations of a workpiece. We show that inventory tracking problems under uncertainty can be approached like probabilistic inference approaches in localization to detect, estimate and update the belief of the workpiece locations. We present a practical Internet-of-Things (IoT) framework for information collection over which we build our reasoning. We also present the ability of our system to accommodate additional constraints to prune search locations. Finally, in our experiments we show that our approach can provide a significant reduction against the conventional search for missing workpieces, of up to 80% in workpieces to visit and 60% in distance traveled. In our experiments we highlight the critical nature of identifying stacking events and inferring locations using reasoning to aid searches even when direct observation of a workpiece is not available.

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Qiu, Xue Song, Lei Wang, Da Xing Zeng, Jia Qi Liu, and Yu Lin Zhou. "Design of the Main Parameter of Large and Heavy Workpieces Upender for Shell Units of Nuclear Power and Hydrogenation Equipment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 389 (August 2013): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.389.143.

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In the production process for large and heavy workpieces of Nuclear Islande equipment and Hydrogenation reactor, Turn is the important technics of the convergence of every technological process, and a direct impact on production efficiency and production safety and production quality. The researching and manufacturing of overloaded upender for large and heavy workpieces will effectively contribute to the improvement of the production capacity. The force model under maximum load conditions is established. The force of upender body in the eversion process is analyzed. The main drive torque formula for upender turnover is obtained. From the actual functioning of the overloaded upender for large and heavy workpieces, carring a maximum load, the upender flip process is dynamic simulation on ADAMS. After the results were compared with theoretical calculations showed that: the variation between the two is consistent. The main parameter for driving of upender is designed. By theoretical calculations confirming simulation with each other, in simulation model, the feasibility of using the contact vice for defining non-hinged rotation vice is verified. And a new solution is provided for adding non-hinged rotation vice constraints to a similar shstem dynamics model. In this paper work it has an engineering value for the design of large and heavy equipment.

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Šajgalík, Michal, Tomáš Pavlusík, Jozef Pilc, Matej Mikloš, Igor Daniš, Juraj Martinček, and Jozef Pustay. "Identification of Residual Stress in the Production of Molding Tools by Turn-Milling Technology." Technological Engineering 14, no. 1 (October 26, 2017): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/teen-2017-0003.

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Abstract This article describes how to plan the tool path and analyze the surface of the machined part by working simultaneously on two basic operations such as milling and turning. New machine tools allow parallel processing of both multi-axis tools at the same time, it is a production technology in which the workpiece and the tool are simultaneously rotating. This relatively new turnmilling technology could be an alternative to increasing productivity in many applications. Especially in cases involving heavy-duty materials or large diameters of machined surface. The aim of this study is to explore this new technology, especially with regard to the increased precision and quality of the surface of the workpiece. Experimental results show that the combination of these two operations is suitable for precise machining of rotationally symmetrical workpieces with high surface finish.

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Cui, Gang Wei, Feng Lan Cheng, Dong Gao, Qing Xin Ma, and Yi Lei Liu. "Real-Time Compensation of Ram Thermal Elongation Errors for Heavy-Duty Numerical Control Machine Tool." Advanced Materials Research 317-319 (August 2011): 1964–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.317-319.1964.

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Thermal error of machine tool is the main in total machine tool error, and obviously impairs the accuracy of the machined workpieces. Ram is a very important component of heavy-duty floor type boring-milling machine, and its thermal deformation is a significant source causing errors in machining process. Aiming at the thermal elongation of heavy type milling boring machine tool ram, the machine tool thermal errors are measured and compensated. Temperature compensation function in NC system is applied. Experiment results shows that 90% ram positioning error can be compensated.

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Wu, Ming Yang, Yong Tian, Yao Nan Cheng, B. Wang, and Y. B. Gao. "Digital Rapid Modeling Design of Heavy-Duty Cutting Blade Based on Solidworks." Materials Science Forum 800-801 (July 2014): 660–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.800-801.660.

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Heavy machinery processing industry has its own disadvantages, that is, the large size and heavy weight of workpieces. Some of them may even weigh hundreds of tons. When processing horizontal lathe, the turning diameter of it can be as long as six meters and the vertical lathe can reach ten meters. Heavy duty cutting mainly concerns about how to improve the processing efficiency, enhance the equipment utilization and to reduce energy consumption. Therefore, this proposes a higher requirement to heavy cutting tool, especially the design of the blade is of great importance. Based on the analysis of heavy cutting blade’s structure, this dissertation uses the method of parametric design which is suitable for Solidworks, with the combination of OLE and COM technology. It also utilizes Visual Basic on the Solidworks platform for secondary development and design, and develops the fast digital modeling software design. The software can not only realize the rapid modeling of heavy cutting blade, but also shorten the design cycle and improve the efficiency of the cutting tool which benefited from the convenient design of the heavy blade, which has a significantly practical application value.

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Cai, Li Gang, Xiang Min Dong, Zhi Feng Liu, and Tie Neng Guo. "Stiffness Study of Swing Chainon Heavy Duty Deflection Angle Milling Head." Key Engineering Materials 439-440 (June 2010): 1287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.439-440.1287.

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Heavy duty deflection angle milling head is the core functional unit of heavy-duty gantry CNC machine tools. Stiffness of swing chain system is one of the important factors that determines accuracy of heavy duty deflection angle milling head. In order to improve dynamic performance and mechanical precision, the gear pair and support system of the swing chain are studied in the paper. Based on the deformation compatibility condition and the superposition theorem, the torsional deformation and stiffness of each part are analyzed, and considered the deformation of workpieces and supporting system and the interaction of them. The vulnerable segment is found out in the paper, which is valuable to amend and improve the design of milling head. At last, the curves of the relation between the swing chain stiffness and the gear parameters and bearing preload are charted, which provide the theory and technical support for digital design, optimization of the milling head and the basis for the similar driving system stiffness calculation.

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Nedashkovskiy, K. I., A. V. Gulshin, Yu M. Averina, V. A. Naumkina, V. V. Menshikov, and V. S. Boldyrev. "Investigating Corrosion Resistance of Heavy-Duty Steel Fasteners Regarding Assemblies Operating in Maritime Climates under High Pressures Power, Metallurgical and Chemical Engineering." Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Mechanical Engineering, no. 1 (130) (February 2020): 94–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0236-3941-2020-1-94-106.

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The paper presents investigation results and a technology for manufacturing fastener workpieces out of the 07Kh16N6-Sh (07Х16Н6-Ш) steel using high-temperature heat treatment. The steel undergoing our testing was additionally doped with molybdenum, as reflected in the 07Kh16N6M-Sh (07Х16Н6М-Ш) designation, which facilitated grain refinement. We implemented accelerated climate testing of bolts in order to assess the corrosion cracking resistance of 07Kh16N6-Sh (07Х16Н6-Ш), 07Kh16N6M-Sh (07Х16Н6М-Ш) and 13Kh15N4AM3-Sh (13Х15Н4АМ3-Ш) steel fasteners in maritime climates.

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Dryba, S., J. Meißner, M. C. Prof Wanner, and O. Wurst. "Hochpräzises Bearbeiten von Schiffspropellern*/High-precision machining of very large ship propellers." wt Werkstattstechnik online 107, no. 03 (2017): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2017-03-78.

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In der industriellen Fertigung sind Industrieroboter weit verbreitet [1]. Durch ihre Flexibilität und Schnittstellenvielfalt sind sie für den Ansatz Industrie 4.0 von immenser Bedeutung. Einige Bereiche der Industrie, beispielsweise Gießereien, sind bisher von dieser Entwicklung ausgeschlossen. Viele Werkstücke, die hier zu handhaben oder bearbeiten sind, überschreiten die Arbeitsräume und Lastmomente verfügbarer Industrierobotersysteme. Der Fachbeitrag beschreibt die Entwicklung eines Schwerlast-Großrobotersystems sowie dessen Applikation in einer Gießerei für große Werkstücke.   The use of industrial robots is prevalent in today’s industry [1]. Due to flexible applications and a large variety of interface options, they play a vital role in implementing “Industry 4.0”. As industrial robots offering sufficiently large work spaces and handling heavy payloads are not available today, specific industrial areas, such as foundries, have been mostly excluded from this progress. This paper describes the development of a new heavy-duty industrial robot system, as well as its application in a foundry for large workpieces.

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Gehlhoff, Felix, and Alexander Fay. "On agent-based decentralized and integrated scheduling for small-scale manufacturing." at - Automatisierungstechnik 68, no. 1 (January 28, 2020): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auto-2019-0105.

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AbstractSmall-scale manufacturing often relies on flexible production systems that can cope with frequent changes of products and equipment. Transports are a significant part of the production flow, especially in the domain of large and heavy workpieces that requires explicit planning to avoid unnecessary delays. This contribution takes a detailed look at how to create feasible integrated schedules within a decentralised or even heterarchical architecture and which information the agents have to exchange. These schedules incorporate constraints such as the blocking-constraint. They also consider dynamic setup and operation durations while finding a good-enough solution. The proposed agent-based solution applies to a wide variety of scheduling problems and reveals positive properties in terms of scalability and reconfigurability.

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Jiang, Junxia, Shenglin Zhang, and Yuxiao He. "Wheel design and motion analysis of a new heavy-duty AGV in aircraft assembly lines." Assembly Automation 40, no. 3 (December 16, 2019): 387–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-01-2019-0009.

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Purpose The flexible automatic transportation and manual assembly jobs for large aircraft components demand an automated guided vehicle (AGV) system with heavy-duty capacity and omnidirectional movability. This paper aims to propose a four driving-steering wheels-four supporting-steering wheels (4DSW-4SSW) layout plan to enhance the controllability and moving stability of AGV. Design/methodology/approach The anti-vibration structure of DS wheels and high-torque steering mechanism of SS wheels with tapered rolling bearings are rigorously designed to meet the functional requirements. Based on the specific wheel layout and vehicle dynamics, the rotational kinematic model as well as the straight and rotational dynamic models of AGV are established by the authors. To well verify the motion characteristics of wheels under heavy load in three motion states including straight motion, self-rotation and rotation around a certain point, the simulations in ADAMS and factory experiments have all been conducted. Findings Simulation results indicate that normal and friction forces of DS wheels and SS wheels are very stable except for some small oscillations, which are caused by non-center load distribution on AGV. Experimental results on driving speed of AGV have directly demonstrated that its positioning accuracy is enough for use in real aircraft assembly lines. Practical implications The designed AGV system has been applied to the final assembly line of a certain aircraft in Aviation Industry Corporation of China, Ltd, whose assembly efficiency and flexibility have been significantly improved. Originality/value A new layout plan of wheels for an omnidirectional heavy-duty AGV is proposed, which enhances the operating and moving capacity of AGV. A function of human-machine collaboration is also offered by the AGV for transporting large workpieces intelligently and economically in aerospace and other heavy industries.

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Abramova, Marina, Arseniy Raab, Ruslan Z. Valiev, Anna Khannanova, Chong Soo Lee, Jae Nam Kim, Gyeong Hyeon Jang, et al. "Tailoring Extra-Strength of a TWIP Steel by Combination of Multi-Pass Equal-Channel Angular Pressing and Warm Rolling." Metals 11, no. 3 (March 22, 2021): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11030518.

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Increasing the yield stress of twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steels is a demanding task for modern materials science. This aim can be achieved by microstructure refinement induced by heavy straining. We feature the microstructural evolution and mechanical performance of a high-manganese TWIP steel subjected to deformation treatment by different combinations of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and rolling at different temperatures. The effect of microstructure on the tensile properties of the steel subjected to the multi-pass ECAP process and to subsequent rolling is reported as well. We show that the combined deformation procedure allows us to further increase the strength of the processed workpieces due to a gradual transition from a banded structure to a heterogeneous hierarchical microstructure consisting of fragments, dislocation configurations and nano- and micro-twins colonies. Rolling of multi-pass ECAP specimens at 375 °C allowed us to achieve an extraordinary strength, the highest among all the investigated cases, while the best trade-off between yield strength and elongation to failure was reached using multi-pass ECAP followed by rolling at 500 °C. This study shows a great potential of using combined deformation techniques to enhance the mechanical performance of TWIP steels.

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Cao, Jian, Neil Krishnan, Zhong Wang, Hongsheng Lu, Wing K. Liu, and Anthony Swanson. "Microforming: Experimental Investigation of the Extrusion Process for Micropins and its Numerical Simulation Using RKEM." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 126, no. 4 (November 1, 2004): 642–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1813468.

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Microforming using a small machine (or so-called desktop machine) is an alternative new approach to those using full-size heavy equipment for manufacturing microparts. Microparts are commonly defined as parts or structures with at least two dimensions in the submillimeter range, which are used extensively in electronics and micromechanical products. However, when scaling down a conventional forming process to microscale, the influence of the so-called size effect needs to be considered. The individual microstructure (size, shape, and orientation of grains) and the interfacial conditions show a significant effect on the process characteristics. In this paper, the process of extrusion is investigated to establish it as a viable process for microforming. A forming assembly is fabricated and used in conjunction with a loading substage to extrude micropins with a final diameter of 1 mm. The effect of grain size is investigated by using workpieces heat treated to produce grain sizes varying from 32 μm up to 211 μm. Two extrusion dies with different roughness are used to study the effect of surface finish. While experiments lead to interesting questions and new discoveries, theoretical or numerical solutions are necessary tools for process optimization. Here, knowing the limits of the current widely used numerical simulation tools [i.e., the Finite Element Method (FEM)], a new method, the Reproducing Kernel Element Method (RKEM), has recently been developed to address the limitations of the FEM (for example, remeshing issue), while maintaining FEM’s advantages, e.g., the polynomial reproducing property and function interpolation property. The new RKEM method is used to simulate the microextrusion problem. Its results are compared with that obtained from the FEM and the experiment result. Satisfactory results were obtained. Future directions on the experimental and simulation work are addressed.

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Gong, Ya Nan, Yao Nan Cheng, Xiao Chun Ao, Yi Zhi Liu, and Fu Gang Yan. "Analysis on Vibration Modal and Noise Radiation of Cutter-Workpiece for Heavy Milling Processing." Materials Science Forum 800-801 (July 2014): 766–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.800-801.766.

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For improving heavy milling machining environment, take the vibration modal and noise radiation distribution of milling cutter-workpiece as the research object, according to the characteristics of milling, consider vibration and noise generation in the milling process comprehensively, first establish the geometry model of cutter-workpiece, and then conduct finite element modal simulation and calculate the vibration response, so as to predict the distribution of noise field, and analyze the noise radiation, finally verify the vibration noise distribution of cutter-workpiece through milling noise distribution experiments, which lays the foundation for further research on vibration and noise reduction in heavy milling process.

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Biao, Wang, Xiao Fen Yu, Cong Yu Xu, and Jia Wen Hu. "High Precision Online Measurement Technology to Large Diameter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (February 2013): 376–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.376.

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Because of the large diameter’s big volume, heavy weight, high thermal capacity and bad measurement environment, the workpiece’s diameter can only be detected in the processing locale. Though the rolling-wheel method can realize the large diameter online measurement, it can not achieve the diameter high precision measurement influenced by rolling-wheel skidding, compression deformation and temperature distribution. Focusing on the above problem, a new multi function rolling-wheel large diameter measurement system is designed. The designed system mainly researches the main error resource’s distinguish and amendment methods, such as the round grating graduator error, rolling-wheel shape error, rolling-wheel compression deformation, skidding of rolling-wheel to measured axis workpiece and its non-uniform temperature etc. The system can obtain the measured axis’s diameter and roundness real time while getting the needed information of error amendment by integrating multi opto-electronic switch, round grating, reference grating, micro-displacement sensor, temperature sensor etc. The system can realize diameter measurement extended uncertainty 5Dμm(D:1m～10m) and roundness measurement extended uncertainty 1.5Dμm.

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Yao, P. X., H. L. Chen, Jian Mei Wang, Shu Cai Yang, and Y. X. Zhang. "The Principle of Magnetic Abrasive Finishing under Rotating Electromagnetic Field and Its Application in Surface Finishing of Heavy Crankshaft." Key Engineering Materials 304-305 (February 2006): 379–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.304-305.379.

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Magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) is a processing technology using magnetic abrasive grain (MAG) under magnetic field to finish surface of workpiece. The magnetic fields used in MAF include permanent magnetic field and electromagnetic field. Two conditions must be taken into consideration in the finishing surface of workpiece. One is the sufficient cutting force; the other is the relative moving speed between MAG and workpiece. The principle of step-motor rotating magnetic field is used to produce rotating magnetic field (RMF) in this paper. RMF brings MAG to rotate and keeps workpiece immovable. Meanwhile, the coins vibrate within a definite angle range and reciprocate in axial direction so as to process the outer cylindrical surfaces. Yoke iron is made of two halves so that the coins for rotating magnetic field will be keyed to some section of heavy crankshaft, thus realizing cylindrical surface finishing on the heavy crankshaft. MAG are of importance to MAF . Six performance indexes related to MAG are suggested by studying on process parameters.

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Liu, L., Yao Nan Cheng, F. G. Yan, Y. Han, and T. Wang. "Experimental Study of Element Diffusion between the Material of Heavy-Duty Cemented Carbide Insert and the Material of Large Cylinder." Key Engineering Materials 693 (May 2016): 669–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.693.669.

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Aiming at the problem of bonding breakage of cemented carbide insert in the process of heavy-duty cutting large cylinder, the experimental study of element diffusion between workpiece and insert material is done. Firstly, the conditions of insert bonding breakage are analyzed according to the heavy-duty cutting conditions of large cylinder and the material characteristics of workpiece and insert. And then, the experimental scheme of element diffusion is proposed. The element diffusion experiment is done, and the diffusion elements in the diffusion section of specimens are analyzed. At last, the species, distance and concentration of diffusion elements are analyzed. This provides a basis for further research of tool bonding breakage.

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Chen, Lin, and Ke Xin Bi. "Study on Simulation Experiment with Universal Pass Rolling Deformation for Heavy Rail." Advanced Materials Research 430-432 (January 2012): 525–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.430-432.525.

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Using the finite element software ANSYS/LS-DYNA for the universal rolling machine to simulate,research unit of the universal rolling deformation etc, and the use of universal mill for heavy rail rolling to simulate of lead samples, study of both. By comparing experimental results, the results show rolling simulation of laboratory lead samples and finite element simulations of computer are basically the same, use the universal pass, the difference of pressure coefficient for the rail head and rail base and rail back that work on the workpiece at the universal pass is small, deformation of workpiece is uniformity, it ensure the dimensional accuracy of the finished rail on the rail section.

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Li, Xue Tong, Min Ting Wang, Feng Shan Du, and Yong Gang Cui. "FE Analysis on Rolls Deformation in Rolling Process of 4100 Heavy Plate Mill." Advanced Materials Research 562-564 (August 2012): 631–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.562-564.631.

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Against 4100 heavy plate miller, a 3-D rolling model involving rolls’ elastic deformation and workpiece’s elastic-plastic deformation is established using large deformation elastic-plastic finite element method. The distributions of the rolls’ bending deformation and the roll gap shape by simulation under the different processes. The results can provide the practical referential value for equipment design and processing setup of heavy plate mill. The FE model may be used to analyze skinning process on off-line.

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Xiu, Shi Chao, Zhi Jie Geng, and Guang Qi Cai. "Study on Edge Contact Area and Surface Integrity of Workpiece in Point Grinding Process." Key Engineering Materials 407-408 (February 2009): 577–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.407-408.577.

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During cylindrical grinding process, the geometric configuration and size of the edge contact area between the grinding wheel and workpiece have the heavy effects on the workpiece surface integrity. In consideration of the differences between the point grinding and the conventional high speed cylindrical grinding, the geometric and mathematic models of the edge contact area in point grinding were established. Based on the models, the numerical simulation for the edge contact area was performed. By means of the point grinding experiment, the effect mechanism of the edge contact area on the ground surface integrity was investigated. These will offer the applied theoretic foundations for optimizing the point grinding angles, depth of cut, wheel and workpiece speed, geometrical configuration and size of CBN wheel and some other grinding parameters in point grinding process.

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Zhang, Pei Yun, Mu Ju Wang, Yue Jin, Xi Jun Hua, Yong Hong Fu, Zhan Shi Sheng, Wei Ji, and Hao Fu. "Research on Structure and Control System of Laser Surface Texturing Machine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 43 (December 2010): 610–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.43.610.

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Existing laser honing machines all utilize the motion mode of workpiece movement. But as to complex workpiece, this mode is inappropriate to use. For example, cylinder liner, pre-casted into the engine block, is not suitable to rotate when fixed on the chuck, because the block is irregular and heavy. This equipment uses the mode of laser head rotation and linear motion. The workpiece keeps still during the laser texturing process. In this paper, the structure design and control principle of the laser machine are narrated in detail. The process of the machine is a new method of laser micro-texturing, named as “single-pulse interval of the same point many times”. The method contributes to processing microscopic or macroscopic morphology and significantly reduces the negative thermal effects of laser processing

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Wang, X. Y., Qing Long An, Yun Shan Zhang, H. Xu, and Ming Chen. "Study on the Residual Stress Induced by Dry Turning of Buttress Thread." Advanced Materials Research 69-70 (May 2009): 505–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.69-70.505.

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Stainless 2Cr13 is used as petroleum pipe material for its good performance in condition of high temperature, high pressure and corrosive environment. Buttress thread turning is a type of heavy machining, which has a great influence on the residual stress of workpiece. Residual stress is usually determined by cutting parameters and tool geometries. Experiments with different geometrical tools were carried out and a finite element model was used to study the influence of tool geometries on the residual stress. Experimental and simulated results showed that relatively bigger rake angle and smaller corner radius make a relatively lower tensile residual stress of workpiece surface in dry turning buttress thread.

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Kunčická, Lenka, Adéla Macháčková, Rudolf Petrmichl, Zuzana Klečková, and Martin Marek. "Optimizing Induction Heating of WNiCo Billets Processed via Intensive Plastic Deformation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 22 (November 17, 2020): 8125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10228125.

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The aim of the work is to optimize the induction heating regime and propose a suitable deformation temperature for a pre-sintered powder-based tungsten heavy alloy workpiece subsequently processed via rotary swaging. The heating regime is designed with the help of numerical analyses and subsequent experiments. The first part of the study focuses on the theoretic background of the induction heating and comprises the development of a reliable induction heating model via performing electromagnetic simulations in two individual computational software packages (for verification). The second part of the study then involves the optimization of the heating regime using the designed numerical model. Last but not least, the predicted results are compared to the experimentally acquired results, and the optimized heating regime, applicable before experimental rotary swaging of the WNiCo workpiece, is proposed. The results of the microstructure analyses of the workpiece heated to the selected optimum deformation temperature of 900 °C showed that the designed induction heating procedure provided sufficient heating of the bulk of the workpiece (contrary to the lower swaging temperature), as the swaged microstructure featured well-deformed tungsten agglomerates. Furthermore, the analyses documented the high-quality oxidation-free surface of the particular workpiece (contrary to the higher swaging temperature).

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Ståhlberg, Ulf, and Anders Göransson. "Heavy reductions by means of ‘non-bite’ rolling, including some observations on workpiece shape." Journal of Mechanical Working Technology 12, no. 3 (February 1986): 373–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3804(86)90007-0.

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Dong, Xiang Min, Li Gang Cai, Yong Sheng Zhao, and Xiao Shi. "Deformation Analysis for Hydrostatic Rotary Table of Heavy Duty CNC Machine Tool." Applied Mechanics and Materials 457-458 (October 2013): 335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.457-458.335.

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The deformation of constant flow and closed type hydrostatic rotary table of heavy duty CNC machine tool has a great influence on the film thickness because of its large diameter, high load-bearing. According to the circular plate deformation theory of elasticity, differential equations of worktable deformation are derived in the simply supported conditions when bearing uniform force of different locations. Displacement curves of worktable are obtained. Force and deformation weaknesses of hydrostatic rotary table are found, which can provide theory basis for supporting location of heavy workpiece machining and whether oil film is failure or not.

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Zhang, Xiao Ping, Wen Yu Yang, and Miao Li. "Fixture Layout and Clamping Force Optimization for Large-Scale Workpiece Using Augmented Lagrangian Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 29-32 (August 2010): 560–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.29-32.560.

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The Fixture layout and clamping force are well known as important factors that influences the localization accuracy of the workpiece. Considering the unique characteristics of the Large-Scale workpiece in practice, we, in this paper, propose a unified method of optimizing an existing fixture configuration under heavy-duty condition based on Algmented Lagriangian Method (ALM). We fir- stly derived the models of localization error and static force equilibrium which describe the kinematic condition and quasi-static process of the fixture-workpiece system. Then, we introduce Hertz contact theory to better describe the nonlinear relationship of the local deformation and the contact force. Further, we define the minimum norm of the position error of critical points as the objective function and formulate a multi-constrained problem of solving the optimized fixture configuration. By using the ALM, the nonlinear constrained programming is transformed into an unconstrained one through which we obtain the optimal solution. Finally, a numerical example is presented and compared with the results of FEA simulation.

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Wang, Rong Quan, Jian Yong Li, Yue Ming Liu, and Wen Xi Wang. "Modeling Material Removal Rate of Heavy Belt-Grinding in Manufacturing of U71Mn Material." Key Engineering Materials 693 (May 2016): 1082–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.693.1082.

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The heavy belt-grinding is a new machining method, which combined the characters of heavy-duty grinding and belt-grinding together, with high efficiency and low cost. In the present paper the removal rate model of heavy belt-grinding in manufacturing of U71Mn steel is established. It is assumed that the distribution of the abrasive particles protrusion height of the abrasive belt surface closes to Gaussian distribution. The model is presented by calculating the removal volumes of all abrasive grains contributing to cutting action based on the probability theory, elastic-plastic mechanics and abrasive cutting theory. It is analysis that the material removal rate depends essentially on the mechanical properties of the workpiece and the belt and the grinding conditions. It is proportional to the average pressure, belt velocity and the indentation depth and is inverse proportion to the grain size.

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Wang, Zu Lin, Jian Fei Ouyang, Qiang Fang, and Yuan Liu. "Multi-Function Manipulator." Advanced Materials Research 546-547 (July 2012): 1602–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.546-547.1602.

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This paper is for ordinary lathe supporting and design the capture of manipulator. Practice has proved, industrial robots can replace the hands of heavy labor, significantly reduce the labor intensity, improve working conditions, and improve labor productivity and automation level. In addition, it can be in high temperature, low temperature, deep water,cosmos, radioactive and other toxic, pollution environment conditions operation, more shows its superiority, with broad prospects. In the paper, the structure of the manipulator model design and Cortex-M0 micro controller (hereinafter referred to as M0) as the main controller in this paper. With multiple steering gear as the basis, make manipulator model, through the realization to the output M0 PWM control more than the steering gear, and finally achieve the acquirement manipulator workpiece, and the workpiece in designated spot.

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Wu, Ming Yang, Bo Wang, Yao Nan Cheng, Y. Tian, Yong Bin Gao, and F. G. Yan. "Study Chip Breaking Experimental and Optimal Design of Tool for Machining Cylindrical Shell Material." Materials Science Forum 800-801 (July 2014): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.800-801.197.

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Large cylindrical shells are widely used in many areas of aerospace, petroleum chemical industry and nuclear power, etc. The main material of large cylindrical shells is 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V. In the process of heavy-duty cutting cylindrical shell material, the removal rate is high, and machine condition is rough, because the viscosity of big cylindrical shell material, the large chips not easy to be broken, and the tool and workpiece often entangled affect the machining efficiency. Researh and development to apply heavy cutting under the condition of high performance cutting tool has great practical significance, because of at the same time for heavy cutting tool is less in china. This paper uses the cutting performance experiment aiming to cylindrical shell material used in different three-dimensional groove blades and studies the range of different blades broken chips and the influence of three-dimensional groove on breaking effect. The chips form of cutting cylindrical shell material is summarized. And chip-breaking groove of the best performance is optimized. The paper designs of the new heavy-duty vehicles blade well and vertfies the good effect of the new heavy-duty cutting the breaker by the results of 3 d finite element simulation. The paper provides basis for designing heavy-duty cutting.

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Andreyachshenko, Violetta A., Zhasulan A. Ashkeyev, and Serikbol T. Abdiramanov. "Determination of the stress state and the specific force during severe plastic deformation in a closed die." Vestnik of Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University 17, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18503/1995-2732-2019-17-1-82-85.

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This article describes the results of a study that looked at the stress state and the specific force or contact pressure through the application of the slip line method and computer simulation (i.e. using the Deform 3D software package) when a workpiece was subjected to severe plastic deformation (SPD) in a special closed die. SPD is achieved when a flat punch is embedded in a round workpiece enclosed in the die and alternately compressed by a ring-shaped punch. Analysis of the results shows that compressive stresses prevail in the deformation zone resulting in the production of blanks with ultrafine-grained and/or nanostructure, as well as high mechanical properties. The relative discrepancy between the results obtained through the slip line method and those obtained through modelling in Deform 3D was about 1.3% indicating that the results can be considered reliable. It should be noted that this closed-die technique can be used to produce such products as gears, i.e. heavy-duty parts.

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Sheng, Xiao Ming, Xue Wu Hu, and Yun Qing Xu. "Gripper of Manipulator with Automatic Center Aligning and Size Control Driven by Double-Piston Cylinder." Applied Mechanics and Materials 80-81 (July 2011): 816–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.80-81.816.

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Gripper with two claws of automatic placing and removing manipulator is designed in this paper, and structure characteristics, working theory and positional error analysis are introduced. This gripper has the function of automatic center aligning and size control. The chucking size of gripper can be modified automatically in order to be adaptable when clamping different work pieces and this gripper, which could shorten the time and improve the efficiency, is designed to place and remove workpiece at one time beat. The gripper has a virtue of better ability to locate and move, improving the precision of automatic feeding manipulator and lathe cutting. The grippers have the advantages of simple structure, small volume and weight, which can solve the problems of complicated structure and massive volume for typical translational gripper. They also could simplify the control system of manipulator; meet the demand of placing and removing workpiece instead of complicated and heavy manual work.

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Guo, Tie Neng, Qin Dai, and Li Gang Cai. "Research on Effect of Temperature on Carrying Capacity of Heavy-Duty Hydrostatic Rotary Table." Advanced Materials Research 317-319 (August 2011): 1902–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.317-319.1902.

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Heavy-duty hydrostatic rotary table is an important part of heavy-duty CNC gantry machine, which performance determines the machining accuracy and stability of the machine. Viscosity of hydraulic oil is one of the most important factors which influence the carrying capacity of the hydrostatic rotary table, but viscosity of hydraulic oil is directly determined by temperature. Therefore, the carrying capacity of the hydrostatic rotary table is directly determined by temperature. This paper researches the relative between the different workpiece quality, cutting force, oil chamber pressure, oil film thickness, oil film stiffness and temperature of hydrostatic rotary table by using the theoretical method, and validates the influence of temperature on the carrying capacity of the hydrostatic rotary table by using experimental method. It provides the basis for researching the influence of environmental temperature on the carrying capacity and stiffness of the oil film.

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Yu, Xiao Dong, Hong Ying Li, Xiu Li Meng, Li Tan, Zhi Qiang Wang, Huan Huan Li, Heng Wei Li, Zhen Guo Li, and Chun Zhou Wang. "Simulation on Pressure Field of Gap Oil Film in Constant Flow Hydrostatic Center Frame." Applied Mechanics and Materials 427-429 (September 2013): 289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.427-429.289.

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In order to solve the force deformation of the hydrostatic center frame in the heavy type horizontal lathe, a simulation research concerning pressure field of hydrostatic center frame was described. The Finite Volume Method of CFX has been used to compute three-dimensional pressure field of gap fluid between the rotation workpiece and bearing pillow. This research theoretically analyzes the influence of angular velocity on the bearing pressure performance according to lubricating theory and computational fluid dynamics, and it has revealed its pressure distribution law of gap oil film. The simulation results indicate that an improved characteristic will be affected by rotating velocity easily, and oil cavity pressure creases by gradually with rotating velocity enhancing. Through this method, it can provide reasonable data for design, lubrication, experience and force deformation computation for hydrostatic center frame in the heavy type horizontal lathe.

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Zou, Ke Wu, Bing Bing Li, Zhu Bing Hu, and Chun Zhe Liu. "The Strength Check for the Cockpit of "Ferris Wheel" Amusement Machine with ANSYS." Materials Science Forum 770 (October 2013): 406–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.770.406.

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Traditional mechanical calculations are more often used in the strength check of the amusement facility nowadays. However, there exit some disadvantages in this way, such as the long cycle cost, the heavy workload, and particularly the inability in case of more intricately forced parts. This paper illustrates the idea of using finite element analysis (ANSYS) software to check the strength of Ferris Wheel amusement machine rotating cockpit, analyzes the loads and stresses of the cockpit frame under extreme work conditions, and comes to a reasonable conclusion. And the strength check of intricately forced workpiece of amusement machines are explored as well.

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Liu, Jian, Jin Xing Kong, Da Jiang Lei, Ya Lin Zhang, Hai Feng Li, and Xiao Ping Zhao. "Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Nanoindentation on Diamond Crystal [100] Surface." Advanced Materials Research 399-401 (November 2011): 751–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.399-401.751.

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The nanoindentation of diamond crystal [100] surface is studied in this paper, by using molecular dynamics simulation method and Tersoff potential. The total number of atoms in the model is exceed to 2,000,000. The crystal structure changes and the bond formations of C atoms under pressure load are analyzed. A light load causes lattice distortion but cannot cause bond breaking or hybridization transition from sp3 to sp2. When the load is enough heavy, the energy be imposed on the workpiece will beyond the range of lattice distortion, which can cause bond break and hybridization transition from sp3 to sp2.

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Li, Yong Hai, Xiu Li Meng, Xiao Dong Yu, Bo Wu, Chun Li Gao, Zhi Xin Qiu, Yan Qin Zhang, Hui Jiang, and Zhi Min Shi. "Simulation on Temperature Field of Gap Oil Film in Constant Flow Hydrostatic Center Frame." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 4706–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.4706.

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In order to solve the thermal deformation of the hydrostatic center frame in the heavy type horizontal lathe, a simulation research concerning temperature field of hydrostatic center frame is described. The Finite Volume Method of CFX has been used to compute three-dimensional temperature field of gap fluid between workpiece and bearing pillow. This research theoretically analyzes the influence of angular velocity on the bearing temperature performance according to lubricating theory and computational fluid dynamics, and it has revealed its temperature distribution law of gap oil film. Results indicate that an improved characteristic will be affected by angular velocity easily, and oil cavity temperature increases by gradually with angular velocity enhancing. Through this method, the safety of a hydrostatic center frame can be forecasted, and the optimal design of such products can be achieved, so it can provide reasonable data for design, lubrication, experience and thermal deformation computation for hydrostatic center frame in the heavy type horizontal lathe.

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Chitariu, Dragoş-Florin, and Adriana Munteanu. "Research on 3D printed fixture components." MATEC Web of Conferences 178 (2018): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817802008.

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Fixtures are used for orientation, positioning and tightening of the workpiece during machining, control and assembly. The main fixture requirements are: orientation, positioning and tightening precision in accordance with the machining requirements. The materials used for fixture components, especially, supports and clamping mechanism are, usually, alloy steel with HRC hardness up to 55-60 HRC. These components are machined to high level of precision thus assuring the overall precision of the fixture. In order to achieve high stiffness and a good dampening capacity the fixture become, usually, very heavy. In the case of manually operated fixtures light weight is an advantage; also there are operations such as inspection, assembly where the operating forces are low. In this case lightweight materials can be used for fixture construction. In this paper the FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) 3D printing technology is used. Support buttons and v-block fixture components were selected and 3D printed. The effect of printing orientation of active surfaces of support was analysed. The dimensional accuracy and surface roughness on the active surface were measured. Experimental results indicate that surface roughness is dependent on the orientation of the printed workpiece.

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38

Shao, Jun Peng, Gui Hua Han, Wei Bing Jiao, and J. C. Liu. "Study of Double-Motor Anti-Backlash of Heavy NC Machine Tool C Axis System." Key Engineering Materials 392-394 (October 2008): 580–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.392-394.580.

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The Turning-Milling may machine various complex components in once positioning and fixture with the C axis function (revolving milling). But, the vibration phenomenon of workpiece will be aggravating whether C axis is performing static cutting or continuous rotation feeding. A double-motor anti-backlash theory was applied to C axis dividing apparatus to improve the positioning and indexing accuracy of heavy NC turning-milling in this paper. The model of double-motor servo driving system with backlash was set up with mechanism analytic method. The simulation of double-motor anti-backlash was carried out. The simulation results show that the double-motor system with offset voltage has favorable performance to decrease the influence of the backlash non-linearity to the system, can guarantee the system tracks the input parameter stably, and improve dynamic feeding performance in C axis at low speed revolving. And the plant test results show that the accuracy of C axis meet practical demand.

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Lu, Long Yuan, Cong Fu Fang, Jian Yun Shen, Jing Lu, and Xi Peng Xu. "Analysis of Path Distribution in Lapping and Polishing with Single Fixed Abrasive." Key Engineering Materials 589-590 (October 2013): 475–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.589-590.475.

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The path distribution can directly affect the machined workpiece surface quality in lapping and polishing, such as planeness, roughness, etc. In present paper, the influence of rotate speed ratio (RSR) and abrasive position on path distribution was analyzed with a single fixed abrasive. The results show that the RSR and abrasive position has heavy influence on the path distribution. The path distribution with decimal RSR is more intensive and complicate than that with integer RSR, especially complex decimal RSR, and it can be also affected by the abrasive radial and circumferential position, but the shape of path is not changed with different abrasive circumferential position which only affects the initial phase angle of path.

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Wang, Yu Qing, and Shi Gang Wang. "Large Motor Rotor Machining with Static Pressure Center Frame Design." Materials Science Forum 800-801 (July 2014): 864–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.800-801.864.

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With the recent development of domestic hydropower industry, length, weight, size, material and structure of the rotor machining of large motors and generators manufactured workpiece special processing equipment and process methods have become increasingly demanding, aiming at market high precision, good quality, technical indicators have a good guarantee of the large rotor machining center with plenty of needs static frame, developed a long piece, big weight, material and structural special processing equipment. This equipment has proven high accuracy, good quality, technical indicators have a good guarantee to solve practical problems that exist in the above production. The large hydrostatic rotor machining center frame, not only to solve the large generators, turbine rotor shaft heavy machining of technical problems, but also to ensure the accuracy and stability of the product processing.

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41

Jin, Hongyu, Avitus Titus, Yulong Liu, Yang Wang, and and Zhenyu Han. "Fault Diagnosis of Rotary Parts of a Heavy-Duty Horizontal Lathe Based on Wavelet Packet Transform and Support Vector Machine." Sensors 19, no. 19 (September 20, 2019): 4069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19194069.

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The spindle box is responsible for power transmission, supporting the rotating parts and ensuring the rotary accuracy of the workpiece in the heavy-duty machine tool. Its assembly quality is crucial to ensure the reliable power supply and stable operation of the machine tool in the process of large load and cutting force. Therefore, accurate diagnosis of assembly faults is of great significance for improving assembly efficiency and ensuring outgoing quality. In this paper, the common fault types and characteristics of the spindle box of heavy horizontal lathe are analyzed first, and original vibration signals of various fault types are collected. The wavelet packet is used to decompose the signal into different frequency bands and reconstruct the nodes in the frequency band where the characteristic frequency points are located. Then, the power spectrum analysis is carried out on the reconstructed signal, so that the fault features in the signal can be clearly expressed. The structure of the feature vector used for fault diagnosis is analyzed and the feature vector is extracted from the collected signals. Finally, the intelligent pattern recognition method based on support vector machine is used to classify the fault types. The results show that the method proposed in this paper can quickly and accurately judge the fault types.

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Yao, Jing, and Xiang Dong Kong. "Study on Process Control Characteristics of 22MN Fast Forging Hydraulic Press." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 2258–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.2258.

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With the rapid development of modern industry, more and more high requirements for forging velocity and control precision have been proposed. Because it can not only increase productivity, but also can reduce the loss of the workpiece and save raw materials. Due to some characteristics such as high pressure, large flow, heavy moving inertia and so on, the process control performance of the fast forging hydraulic presses often have difficulty in their coordination between rapidity and stability, large shock during pressure relief and flow relief, low control accuracy and high accident rate. To overcome the negative influence and improve forging press performance, it is important to design forging curve. 22MN fast forging hydraulic press adopts electro-hydraulic proportional control system, the simulation and test results approved that the fast forging hydraulic press has high control accuracy and works stably without shock.

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43

Pa, P. S. "Burnishing and Electrofinishing in Screw Surface Polishing." Advanced Materials Research 430-432 (January 2012): 857–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.430-432.857.

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The current study discusses the surface finish of several common die materials, of which the screw-surface is finished by compound processes of electrochemical finishing and burnishing. The burnishing-tool uses ceramic material connected with the electrode and moves, following the electrode, to burnish the workpiece. In the experiment, the electrode is used with a continuous and pulsed direct current. The results show that the use of a higher rotational speed for the electrode and burnishing-tool is advantageous to the finish. A partial form with a thinner heavy section performs the best finish effect in the current investigation. Pulsed direct current can slightly improve the finish effect. The burnishing process can increase the finish effect. An effective and low-cost finish processes through burnishing assistance following electrochemical finishing after screw machining offers a fast improvement for the surface roughness of the screw-surface and is a new application in the screw finishing process.

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Abele, E., F. Ali, and M. Berger. "Auszugverhalten von Schaftfräsern*/Pull-out behavior of end mills – Experimental study on different clamping devices with various clamping mechanisms." wt Werkstattstechnik online 108, no. 05 (2018): 353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2018-05-79.

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Aus Schwerzerspanung und Turbinenschaufelfertigung ist bekannt, dass Werkzeuge aus dem Spannfutter ausgezogen werden. Die veränderte Werkzeugposition führt zur Abweichung von den vorgegebenen Toleranzen und einer geringeren Fertigungsqualität oder Beschädigung des Werkstücks. Der Artikel untersucht das Auszugsverhalten verschiedener Spannfutter. Mit einem Prüfstand können die Einflüsse der mechanischen Belastung und der Klemmlänge auf die Haltekraft im Pressverband betrachtet und die Wirkmechanismen beim Auszug des Werkzeuges aus dem Spannfutter sensorisch ermittelt werden.   From heavy-duty cutting and turbine blade manufacturing it is known that tools pull out from chucks. A change in tool position leads to deviations from tolerance and decreases manufacturing quality or damages the workpiece. This article explores the extension behavior of different chucks on a specifically designed test bench. This allows determining how mechanical load and clamping length influence the holding force in the press fit and what mechanisms of action affect the extraction of the tool from the chuck.

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Park, Zu Seong, Jeong Kim, Young Yun Woo, Habeom Lee, Ji Hoon Kim, and Young Hoon Moon. "Forced Circulation of Nitrogen Gas for Accelerated and Eco-Friendly Cooling of Metallic Parts." Applied Sciences 9, no. 18 (September 5, 2019): 3679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9183679.

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As nitrogen is nonreactive and non-flammable, it can provide a quick and simple medium of cooling and environment protection. One disadvantage of nitrogen cooling is its lower heat transfer coefficient than water. Despite its lower cooling capacity, nitrogen cooling can produce cleaner products, thereby eliminating the need to wash the parts and dispose of the contaminated water. In this study, an innovative nitrogen cooling system was developed for an accelerated and eco-friendly cooling of metallic parts. The dry nitrogen gas, transported via the nozzle of a cryogenic liquid nitrogen tank, is passed into the cooling chamber and exchanges heat with the workpiece. The heated nitrogen gas is forcibly transported to the chiller, where the heat is reduced, and the cooled gas is circulated again. The performance of this nitrogen cooling system has been evaluated with cooling experiments of sintered tungsten heavy alloys. The nitrogen-cooled product shows a clean surface with improved mechanical properties. Furthermore, nitrogen induces less distortion compared to water cooling, thus reducing the post-machining costs.

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46

Gostimirović, Marin, Dragan Rodić, Milenko Sekulić, and Andjelko Aleksić. "An Experimental Analysis of Cutting Quality in Plasma Arc Machining." Advanced Technologies & Materials 45, no. 1 (October 1, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/atm-2020-1-001.

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Plasma arc cutting (PAC) is an unconventional process widely used in manufacturing of heavy plate products. This work reports on the research results of machining quality of the workpiece in the plasma arc cutting on the low carbon low alloy steel. An experimental investigation of the characteristics of machining accuracy and surface integrity was carried out for basic machining parameters (cutting speed, arc current, arc voltage, plasma gas pressure, stand-off distance and nozzle diameter). The kerf geometry was determined with three accuracy parameters (top kerf width, bottom kerf width and kerf taper angle). The parameters of deviation present due to plasma curvature were defined by drag and pitch of drag line. The surface roughness was determined with two main roughness parameters through scanning the surface topography (roughness average and maximum height of the profile). The surface properties were determined over microstructure in heat affected zone (HAZ). The results show an acceptable machining quality of the PAC, so that this process is an excellent choice for fast and efficient material removal. However, the plasma arc cutting is not suitable for the final machining because of the metallurgical variations in the HAZ.

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47

Lakshmi Balasubramaniam, Guruvignesh, Enkhsaikhan Boldsaikhan, Shintaro Fukada, Mitsuo Fujimoto, and Kenichi Kamimuki. "Effects of Refill Friction Stir Spot Weld Spacing and Edge Margin on Mechanical Properties of Multi-Spot-Welded Panels." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 4, no. 2 (June 7, 2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp4020055.

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Refill friction stir spot welding (RFSSW) is an emerging technology for joining aerospace aluminum alloys. The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of the refill friction stir spot weld spacing and the edge margin on the mechanical properties of multi-spot-welded AA7075-T6 panels. AA7075-T6 is a baseline aerospace aluminum alloy used in aircraft structures. The study employs an innovative robotic RFSSW system that is designed and developed by Kawasaki Heavy Industries (KHI). The experimental strategy uses Design of Experiments (DoE) to characterize the failure loads of multi-spot-welded panels in terms of the spot weld spacing, edge margin, and heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the spot weld. The RFSSW process leaves behind a thermal “imprint” as HAZ in heat-treatable aluminum alloys. According to the DoE results, larger spot weld spacings with no HAZ overlap produce higher failure loads of multi-spot-welded panels. On the other hand, edge margins that are equal to or less than the spot weld diameter demonstrate abnormal plastic deformations, such as workpiece edge swelling and weld crown dents, during the RFSSW process. The larger edge margins do not demonstrate such abnormal deformations during the welding process.

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48

Gürbüz, Huseyin, Adem Kurt, I. Korkut, and Ulvi Şeker. "The Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Different Chip Breaker Forms on the Cutting Forces." Advanced Materials Research 23 (October 2007): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.23.191.

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The objective of this paper is experimentally investigation of the effects of different chip breaker forms on the cutting forces according to various cutting parameters. AISI 1050 workpiece material, most used material in the manufacturing industry, and SNMG 120408R inserts and PSBNR 2525M12 tool holder have 75° approaching angle according to ISO 3685 are used in the experiments. Seven groups chip breaker form were used in the tests. The chip breaker forms are the coated inserts MA, SA, MS, GH and standard, and the uncoated inserts MS and standard. These inserts are Mitsubishi UC 6010 and UTI20T grade; correspond to ISO P30 and P15 grade, respectively. Machining tests were carried out by using five levels of cutting speeds (150, 200, 250, 300, 350 m/min), three levels of feed rate (0.15, 0.25, 0.35 mm/rev) and two levels of depth of cut (1.6, 2.5 mm). Cutting forces were measured using Kistler dynamometer. The test results show that the highest cutting force values were measured on SA, GH, MA forms, respectively. Complex chip breaker forms cause the increase of the cutting forces. Although the cutting forces on the uncoated inserts were partly small in light cutting conditions, it has increased on the uncoated inserts in heavy cutting conditions compared to coated inserts.

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49

Cheung, Chi Fai, Ming Jun Ren, Da Li, Ling Bao Kong, Suet To, and Ji Bin Li. "On-Machine Measurementand Characterization of V-Groove Structure Pattern on Precision Rollers." Key Engineering Materials 552 (May 2013): 567–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.552.567.

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Rolling Imprint Lithography is an Enabling Technique for the Mass Production of Ultra-Precision Micro-Structured Surfaces which are Widely Used in High Value Added Optical Products such as Backlight Guides for Display Devices. the Accuracy of the Produced Micro-Structured Surfaces Relies Heavily on the Master Roller of which Quality is Difficult to be Controlled by Traditional Off-Line Measurement Process due to the Large Dimension and Heavy Weight of the Workpiece. this Paper Presents a CCD Based Non-Contact Measurement System to Perform the on-Machine Measurement of the Structure Pattern on Machined Rollers. Instead of Measuring each Single Structure on the Roller, the System is more Focused on the Characterization of the Conformance of the Structure Pattern with the Designer’s Requirement. Low Angle Monochromatic Light is Used to Extract the Structure Pattern on the Machined Roller Using a High Magnification Objective Lens with a High Resolution CCD Sensor. the Image Processing Techniques are then Employed to Characterize the Captured Image Based on the Designed Pattern Structure. the Developed System has been Mounted on a Single-Point Diamond Turning Machine to Measure the Machined Structured Roller, and the Results Indicate that the Developed Measurement System is Able to Perform the on-Machine Measurement and Characterization of the Structure Pattern of the Machined Roller with Sub-Micrometre Accuracy.

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50

Zhang, Mingjun, Shun Chen, Yingzhe Zhang, Genyu Chen, and Zhuming Bi. "Mechanisms for Improvement of Weld Appearance in Autogenous Fiber Laser Welding of Thick Stainless Steels." Metals 8, no. 8 (August 9, 2018): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8080625.

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High-power fiber laser welding is an efficient and effective way to produce heavy section structures. However, there is a significant challenge in producing the welds with free of imperfections such as nail-head-shaped welds, spatters, and root sagging. This is partially due to a lack of understanding of the welding mechanism of high-power fiber laser. In this paper, we were especially interested in the mechanism to improve the appearance of welds, and we focused on the autogenous laser welding on thick stainless steel plates by a 10 kW fiber laser. To look into the relations of process parameters and the quality of welds, a high-speed imaging system was applied to observe the molten pool flow and vapor plume during the welding process. The appearances of welds subjected to different welding conditions were analyzed. The results showed that (1) nail-head-shaped welds were suppressed by using a gas jet during laser welding process. (2) In the forward welding, a gentle upwelling molten metal flow on the rear keyhole wall, a deeper weld pool and a weaker vapor plume resulted in no spatter. (3) The gravity affected the formation of underfills and root sagging significantly during autogenous laser welding of thick plates. (4) When the workpiece was placed vertically in the transverse position, the welding process was stable without an aggregation of molten melt at the back surface. Moreover, the mechanisms of forming root sagging and humps were different at the top surface.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Heavy workpieces'

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