Journal articles on the topic 'Heavy vehicle transport industry'
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1
Petrov, Boris Sergeevich, and Alexander Valentinovich Galin. "Problems of transporting heavy containers by road transport in Russian Federation." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University 2020, no. 1 (May 15, 2020): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2020-1-13-23.
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The article considers the problem of heavy cargo transporting as an integral part of functioning of industry in the country. The transportation of such types of cargo is regulated by the legislation related to the national transport infrastructure. There have been considered the ways of transporting heavy sea containers by road transport in the Russian Federation. Definitions of the divisible and indivisible cargo, the maximum mass of the road train have been given, the indicators of the maximum permissible mass of the vehicle and the axle load on the roads of Russia, approved by legislative acts of the Russian Federation, have been presented. The issues of the correct choice of freight vehicles and compliance with the rules for transportation of heavy cargo, in particular compliance with the permissible total weight and axle loads, have been considered. There has been proposed the method for calculating axle loads and the solution to the problem of redistributing axle loads by moving the seat of the towing vehicle, transporting a heavy sea container by train being used as the example. The obtained values make it possible to estimate the possibility of carrying heavy cargo without violating standards approved by the legislation of Russia
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Bergan, A. T., Loyd Henion, Milan Krukar, and Brani Taylor. "Electronic licence plate technology: automatic vehicle location and identification." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 15, no. 6 (December 1, 1988): 1035–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l88-136.
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The purpose of this paper is to discuss the current level of technology in automatic vehicle identification (AVI). The technology is often referred to as electronic licence plate technology, due to the use of unique vehicle identity transponders (electronic licence plates) affixed to particular highway vehicles. Interrogator or roadside receiver units placed at strategic locations or nodes on a highway network can locate and identify the particular vehicle.The main thrust of the paper is on the different types of AVI systems and the technologies employed. The discussion includes the widespread applications for AVI from both a highway administrator and road transport industry point of view. Finally, the paper discusses two AVI demonstration projects. These projects are the urban system implemented in Hong Kong and the highway system in the United States and parts of Canada known as the Heavy Vehicle and Electronic Licence Plate Project (HELP). Key words: automatic vehicle identification, electronic licence plate, road pricing, automatic vehicle classification, weigh-in-motion, commercial transportation, vehicular traffic control, pavement, Heavy Truck and Electronic Licence Plate Project.
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Zaunbrecher, Michelle, Jason King, and Brandon Yeong. "Working together to reduce land transport safety risk in the CSG sector: can we ever do enough?" APPEA Journal 58, no. 1 (2018): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj17081.
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Queensland coal seam gas (CSG) company, Arrow Energy (Arrow), has been implementing a strategy to improve land transport safety across its business. The present paper examines the strategy Arrow has taken to better understand and mitigate the risks associated with land transport. It looks at current transport risk, specific examples of existing good practice adopted by Arrow and future opportunities. Land transport-related incidents have historically been the main cause of fatalities in this sector. To address this risk, Arrow has developed a seven-pillar strategy, comprising safe vehicles, safe drivers, safe speeds, safe roads, Arrow assurance program, industry collaboration and contracting strategy. The strategy applies equally to light and heavy vehicles and both professional and non-professional drivers. The unique approach focuses on changing driver behaviours, having a robust assurance and controls program, appointing a third party logistics (3PL) specialist transport provider and developing key relationships with contractors and internal stakeholders. A continuous improvement approach to safety culture, positive driving behaviours, transport safety education, industry focus group participation (Safer Together), better vehicle technical standards, and having supplier relationships to drive outcomes will further ensure that land transport safety is a key priority across the business. Arrow believes this integrated approach yields the best results, but that it is an ongoing journey, as long as the industry has vehicles and is driving.
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Allwright, Joshua, Akhlaqur Rahman, Marcus Coleman, and Ambarish Kulkarni. "Heavy Multi-Articulated Vehicles with Electric and Hybrid Power Trains for Road Freight Activity: An Australian Context." Energies 15, no. 17 (August 26, 2022): 6237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15176237.
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The electrification of vehicles from the automotive and public transport industries can reduce harmful emissions if implemented correctly, but there is little evidence of whether the electrification of heavy freight transportation vehicles (HFTVs), such as multi-articulated vehicles, used in the freight industry could see the same benefits. This work studied heavy multi-articulated freight vehicles and developed a comparative analysis between electric and conventional diesel power trains to reduce their total emissions. Real-world drive cycle data were obtained from a heavy multi-articulated freight vehicle operating around Melbourne, Australia, with a gross combination mass (GCM) of up to 66,000 kg. Numerical models of the case study freight vehicle were then simulated with diesel, through-the-road parallel (TTRP) hybrid and electric power trains over the five different drive cycles with fuel and energy consumption results quantified. Battery weights were added on top of the real-world operating GCMs to assure the operational payload did not have to be reduced to accommodate the addition of electric power trains. The fuel and energy consumptions were then used to estimate the real-world emissions and compared. The results showed a positive reduction in tailpipe emissions, but total greenhouse emission was worse for operation in Melbourne if batteries were charged off the grid. However, if Melbourne can move towards more renewable energy and change its emission factor for generating electricity down to 0.49 kg CO2-e/kWh, a strong decarbonization could be possible for the Australian road freight industry and could help meet emission reduction targets set out in the 2015 Paris Agreement.
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Clements, Lewis M., and Kara M. Kockelman. "Economic Effects of Automated Vehicles." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2606, no. 1 (January 2017): 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2606-14.
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Connected and fully automated or autonomous vehicles (CAVs) may soon dominate the automotive industry. Once CAVs are sufficiently reliable and affordable, they will penetrate markets and thereby generate economic ripple effects throughout industries. This paper synthesizes and expands on existing analyses of the economic effects of CAVs in the United States across 13 industries and the overall economy. CAVs will soon be central to the automotive industry, with software composing a greater share of vehicle value than previously. The number of vehicles purchased each year may fall because of vehicle sharing, but rising travel distances may increase vehicle sales. The opportunity for heavy-truck drivers to do other work or rest during long drives may lower freight costs and increase capacity. Personal transport may shift toward shared autonomous vehicle fleet use, reducing that of taxis, buses, and other forms of group travel. Fewer collisions and more law-abiding vehicles will lower demand for auto repair, traffic police, medical, insurance, and legal services. CAVs will also lead to new methods for managing travel demand and the repurposing of curbside and off-street parking and will generate major savings from productivity gains during hands-free travel and reduction of pain and suffering costs from crashes. If CAVs eventually capture a large share of the automotive market, they are estimated to have economic impacts of $1.2 trillion or $3,800 per American per year. This paper presents important considerations for CAVs’ overall effects and quantifies those impacts.
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Li, Jun, Yanzhao Su, Jinli Xie, Yangjiao Xu, and Lei Ji. "Research of the Vehicle Load Control System Integration Device." Studies in Engineering and Technology 1, no. 2 (May 7, 2014): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/set.v1i2.384.
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With the gradual development of economy, the scale of transportation industry continues to expand. The problem of overload or overrun in the vehicle transport has emerged. Therefore, how simply and conveniently to know the vehicle load and how to effectively limit overload has become a key issue. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of vehicle load control system from the above problems. Through the pressure sensors installed in the vehicle suspension, the single-chip microprocessor receives the information transmitted by the pressure sensors, and calculates the total weight of the vehicle load; if overweight, the single-chip microprocessor will send commands to the ignition system, to stop the ignition system working. Its purpose is to improve vehicle safety and effectively reduce heavy workload of the vehicle detection station to improve their work efficiency.
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Pöllänen, Markus, Heikki Liimatainen, Erika Kallionpää, Roni Utriainen, Hanne Tiikkaja, Timo Liljamo, Riku Viri, and Steve O'Hern. "Perceptions of Transport Automation amongst Small- and Medium-Sized Road Haulage Companies in Finland." Vehicles 4, no. 2 (May 5, 2022): 433–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vehicles4020026.
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Transport automation is increasingly being studied from different perspectives; however, the perceptions of road haulage companies have received less attention. This study explores the views of representatives of small- and medium-sized road haulage companies on transport automation in Finland. We conducted an online survey to gather perceptions of automation, which received 254 responses from representatives of a range of different transport industries. The respondents’ views towards automation were generally negative. The overall view was that automation may not be possible for heavy vehicles in Finland due to the adverse weather and driving conditions. The perception was that road haulage automation is unlikely to occur before 2050 in Finland. The results provide valuable insight for vehicle manufacturers, technology developers, policy makers, and haulage companies. As the road haulage industry is dominated by small- and medium-sized companies, hauliers should be supported in actively implementing new technologies.
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Evans, M., N. Kholod, V. Malyshev, S. Tretyakova, E. Gusev, S. Yu, and A. Barinov. "Black carbon emissions from Russian diesel sources: case study of Murmansk." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 3 (February 3, 2015): 3257–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-3257-2015.
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Abstract. Black carbon (BC) is a potent pollutant because of its effects on climate change, ecosystems and human health. Black carbon has a particularly pronounced impact as a climate forcer in the Arctic because of its effect on snow albedo and cloud formation. We have estimated BC emissions from diesel sources in Murmansk Region and Murmansk City, the largest city in the world above the Arctic Circle. In this study we developed a detailed inventory of diesel sources including on-road vehicles, off-road transport (mining, locomotives, construction and agriculture), fishing and diesel generators. For on-road transport, we conducted several surveys to understand the vehicle fleet and driving patterns, and, for all sources, we also relied on publicly available local data sets and analysis. We calculated that BC emission in Murmansk Region were 0.40 Gg in 2012. The mining industry is the largest source of BC emissions in the region, emitting 70% of all BC emissions because of its large diesel consumption and absence of emissions controls. On-road vehicles are the second largest source emitting about 12% of emissions. Old heavy duty trucks are the major source of emissions. Emission controls on new vehicles limit total emissions from on-road transportation. Vehicle traffic and fleet surveys show that many of the older cars on the registry are lightly or never used. We also estimated that total BC emissions from diesel sources in Russia were 56.7 Gg in 2010, and on-road transport contributed 55% of diesel BC emissions. Agricultural machinery is also a significant source Russia-wide, in part because of the lack of controls on off-road vehicles.
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Evans, M., N. Kholod, V. Malyshev, S. Tretyakova, E. Gusev, S. Yu, and A. Barinov. "Black carbon emissions from Russian diesel sources: case study of Murmansk." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 14 (July 27, 2015): 8349–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8349-2015.
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Abstract. Black carbon (BC) is a potent pollutant because of its effects on climate change, ecosystems and human health. Black carbon has a particularly pronounced impact as a climate forcer in the Arctic because of its effect on snow albedo and cloud formation. We have estimated BC emissions from diesel sources in the Murmansk Region and Murmansk City, the largest city in the world above the Arctic Circle. In this study we developed a detailed inventory of diesel sources including on-road vehicles, off-road transport (mining, locomotives, construction and agriculture), ships and diesel generators. For on-road transport, we conducted several surveys to understand the vehicle fleet and driving patterns, and, for all sources, we also relied on publicly available local data sets and analysis. We calculated that BC emissions in the Murmansk Region were 0.40 Gg in 2012. The mining industry is the largest source of BC emissions in the region, emitting 69 % of all BC emissions because of its large diesel consumption and absence of emissions controls. On-road vehicles are the second largest source, emitting about 13 % of emissions. Old heavy duty trucks are the major source of emissions. Emission controls on new vehicles limit total emissions from on-road transportation. Vehicle traffic and fleet surveys show that many of the older cars on the registry are lightly or never used. We also estimated that total BC emissions from diesel sources in Russia were 50.8 Gg in 2010, and on-road transport contributed 49 % of diesel BC emissions. Agricultural machinery is also a significant source Russia-wide, in part because of the lack of controls on off-road vehicles.
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Jovanovic, Miomir. "The challenges of automobile-dependent urban transport strategy." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 95, no. 2 (2015): 75–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd140805004j.
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The fundamental aims of sustainable urban development and the pro-automobile oriented economic development are on a collision course. It is obvious that automobile-dependent urban development is under heavy/powerful influence of the automobile lobby (automobile and oil industries, along with construction). In this domain famous land-use-transportation studies (or ?grand transportation studies?) are, unfortunately, still prevailing - a vicious circle of self-fulfilling prophecy of congestion, road building, sprawl, congestion and more road building. Until recently, it was commonly thought that investment in public transport was not economically sustainable and that focusing on the development of the automobile industry and financing the construction of roadways stimulated economic growth. In this paper we clearly show that automobile industry is now overcapitalized, less profitable than many other industries (and may become even less profitable in the future), that transport market is characterized with huge distortions (more than a third of motor-vehicle use can be explained by underpriced driving), while new road investment does not have a major impact on economic growth (especially in a region with an already well-developed infrastructure), and that pro-automobile transport strategy inexorably incurs harmful global, regional and local ecological consequences.
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JAWORSKI, Piotr, Sebastian JAROSIŃSKI, Azael CORTES CAPETILLO, Łukasz KAPUSTA, Adam ZIÓŁKOWSKI, and Robert GRZYWNOWICZ. "SCR systems for NOx reduction in heavy and light duty vehicles." Combustion Engines 164, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-116486.
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Air pollution has become an important worldwide problem. The European Commission credits road and water transport as the major source of NOx pollution, and of being responsible for around 50% of the total air pollution in urban areas. During the last decade, the use of SCR technologies have gained popularity as a method for NOx reduction, the technology is widely considered as one of the solutions for road transport emissions. This paper presents a review of the different SCR system designs derived from the various factors and regulations in the automotive industry which have influenced the technology, along with a parametric study of a proprietary SCR system for heavy duty application.
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Kholod, Nazar, Meredydd Evans, and Teresa Kuklinski. "Russia's black carbon emissions: focus on diesel sources." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 17 (September 12, 2016): 11267–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11267-2016.
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Abstract. Black carbon (BC) is a significant climate forcer with a particularly pronounced forcing effect in polar regions such as the Russian Arctic. Diesel combustion is a major global source of BC emissions, accounting for 25–30 % of all BC emissions. While the demand for diesel is growing in Russia, the country's diesel emissions are poorly understood. This paper presents a detailed inventory of Russian BC emissions from diesel sources. Drawing on a complete Russian vehicle registry with detailed information about vehicle types and emission standards, this paper analyzes BC emissions from diesel on-road vehicles. We use the COPERT emission model (COmputer Programme to calculate Emissions from Road Transport) with Russia-specific emission factors for all types of on-road vehicles. On-road diesel vehicles emitted 21 Gg of BC in 2014: heavy-duty trucks account for 60 % of the on-road BC emissions, while cars represent only 5 % (light commercial vehicles and buses account for the remainder). Using Russian activity data and fuel-based emission factors, the paper also presents BC emissions from diesel locomotives and ships, off-road engines in industry, construction and agriculture, and generators. The study also factors in the role of superemitters in BC emissions from diesel on-road vehicles and off-road sources. The total emissions from diesel sources in Russia are estimated to be 49 Gg of BC and 17 Gg of organic carbon (OC) in 2014. Off-road diesel sources emitted 58 % of all diesel BC in Russia.
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KIM, Konstantin K., and Aleksandr Yu PANYCHEV. "Innovative electrical engineering developed for the transport industry by the Emperor Alexander I Petersburg State Transport University." BULLETIN OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH RESULTS 2021, no. 4 (December 2021): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2223-9987-2021-4-87-103.
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Objective: To familiarize the general scientific community with the latest electrotechnical innovative developments for the transport industry, carried out by the scientists of the Emperor Alexander I Petersburg State Transport University in the period from 2000 to 2021. Methods: We used the methods of calculation of electromagnetic fields and circuits, mathematical analysis, mathematical physics and numerical methods in the development of the described devices and systems. Results: 101 We developed a pipeline high-speed magnetolevitation transport system with vehicle movement in a rarefied atmosphere, a series of pantograph pantographs for heavy-loaded and high-speed trains using solid lubricants and a contactless method of transmitting electrical energy, a plasma device for fine cleaning of circuit boards for microcircuits, a device for creating a comfortable climate in office premises, electrohydroimpulse installations designed for loosening frozen coal in gondola cars in winter, shock tests of wagons, escalators and travalators using linear electric motors, high-speed electric switches-breakers, heat generators based on an electromechanical converter with the functions of a heater and pump, a wagon generator with a forced excitation system, a pulse voltage generator, allowing to measure the pulse resistance of the grounding conductors of the contact network supports, a complex of installations for various purposes using ozone technologies, a system for laser monitoring of the integrity of tanks, a device for diagnosing the degree of corrosion of the fittings of contact supports, an electrohydroimpulse installation for impact welding, treatment plants, technology for recycling car tires, security systems of the main trackbed. Practical importance: The use of the described developments will increase energy efficiency, energy saving and safety of production processes in transport
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Liu, Feiqi, Fuquan Zhao, Zongwei Liu, and Han Hao. "China’s Electric Vehicle Deployment: Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emission Impacts." Energies 11, no. 12 (November 30, 2018): 3353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11123353.
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The explosion of the vehicle market in China has caused a series of problems, like energy security, climate change, air pollution, etc. The deployment of electric vehicles (EVs) is considered an effective solution to address these problems. Thus, both the state and local governments in China have launched some policies and incentives to accelerate the development of EVs and the EV industry. Do EVs can effectively solve these problems in short term, viewed from the fleet point? Based on China’s most up-to-date deployment plan for EVs, this paper analyzes the energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by China’s road transport sector in three different scenarios. The results indicate that, based on current planning, the energy consumption and GHG emissions of the whole fleet will peak in 2025 and 2027, at the level of around 403 mtoe (million tons of oil equivalent) and 1763 mt CO2 eq. (million tons of CO2 equivalent), respectively. The introduction of EVs will significantly reduce the reliance on fossil fuel in the long term, with increasing ownership, while, in the short term, the fuel economy regulation will still play a more important role. Policy makers should continually pay attention to this. Meanwhile, commercial vehicles, especially heavy-duty trucks will account for a bigger and bigger proportion in the energy consumption and GHG emissions of the whole fleet. Thus, to some extent the focus should shift from passenger vehicles to commercial vehicles. More measures could be implemented.
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Paul, Théophile, Tedjani Mesbahi, Sylvain Durand, Damien Flieller, and Wilfried Uhring. "Sizing of Lithium-Ion Battery/Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System for Forklift Vehicle." Energies 13, no. 17 (September 1, 2020): 4518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174518.
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Nowadays, electric vehicles are one of the main topics in the new industrial revolution, called Industry 4.0. The transport and logistic solutions based on E-mobility, such as handling machines, are increasing in factories. Thus, electric forklifts are mostly used because no greenhouse gas is emitted when operating. However, they are usually equipped with lead-acid batteries which present bad performances and long charging time. Therefore, combining high-energy density lithium-ion batteries and high-power density supercapacitors as a hybrid energy storage system results in almost optimal performances and improves battery lifespan. The suggested solution is well suited for forklifts which continuously start, stop, lift up and lower down heavy loads. This paper presents the sizing of a lithium-ion battery/supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system for a forklift vehicle, using the normalized Verein Deutscher Ingenieure (VDI) drive cycle. To evaluate the performance of the lithium-ion battery/supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system, different sizing simulations are carried out. The suggested solution allows us to successfully optimize the system in terms of efficiency, volume and mass, in regard to the battery, supercapacitors technology and the energy management strategy chosen.
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Tarudin, Nur Farizan, and Muhammad Akmal Asyraaf Adlan. "Operational Strategy of Heavy Goods Vehicles in Enhancing the 2030 Agenda of SDGs Implementation: Cost-Effectiveness." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1019, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1019/1/012002.
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Abstract The logistics industry in Malaysia has faced numerous issues and challenges, one of the important concerns in this industry is to reduce operational costs. Government and agencies tend to give more attention to road passenger transports rather than road freight transport especially Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGVs) in a matter of service quality and efficiency. Despite in Malaysia, certain road haulages have not yet implemented the right strategy in their operation to fully optimize their resources and operation. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the green strategy for HGVs implementation in their operations to support Malaysia voluntary target to increase economies of scale. The conceptual framework was developed for this study’s and the evaluation is based on the HGVs operators’ perspective. The data had been analyzed by using a quantitative approach and simple calculation on the operational cost based on fuel cost. Based on the finding gathered, most of the respondents agreed that by using a suitable strategy, the operational cost can be reduced and sustain their businesses. Therefore, this study can be as one of the guidelines for the industry to be aligned with Malaysia 11th Plan and also the 2030 Agenda in developing sustainable development goals more aggressively.
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Kurilenko, Vitalii, and Natalia Osmolovskaya. "Heavy metals pollution of Kotlin Island in the Gulf of Finland." Baltica 28, no. 1 (June 25, 2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5200/baltica.2015.28.01.
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The current environmental state of Kotlin Island and coastal areas reflects the negative impact of industry, transport and urban utilities that has lead to increased heavy metal content in soils, in terrestrial and aquatic vegetation and in the water of the Gulf of Finland. Based on the analysis of pollutant metals in roots and shoots of native plants grown on Kotlin Island, species with high metal-accumulating capacity have been identified. Of these, there were dandelion and coltsfoot demonstrating high mobility in heavy metals Zn especially upward transfer. These could therefore be promising as bioindicators and phytoremediators of polluted areas pointing to origins of contamination. The presence of heavy metal contamination in the coastal waters of the gulf and its variability along the coastline is regarded as dependent on multiple sources of pollution associated with Kotlin Island, namely industrial and municipal waste waters, ship and vehicle traffic, aerosol deposits, contamination by dredging activity in a new port as well as the result of metals leaching from the soils of the island (Zn, Cu, Ni). Metal-accumulating coastal plants such as cane can be a source of secondary pollution of the gulf waters during their seasonal decomposition. The data showed significantly elevated concentrations of Ni, Zn and Cd in the hair of children living in the town of Kronstadt located on Kotlin Island that confirms the adequacy of the proposed indicating methodology and shows the unfavorable environmental situation in the region.
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Sharwood, Lisa, Holger Mueller, Rebecca Ivers, Bharat Vaikuntam, Tim Driscoll, and James Middleton. "The Epidemiology, Cost, and Occupational Context of Spinal Injuries Sustained While ‘Working for Income’ in NSW: A Record-Linkage Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10 (September 27, 2018): 2121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102121.
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This study aimed to describe the epidemiological characteristics, the occupational context, and the cost of hospitalised work-related traumatic spinal injuries, across New South Wales, Australia. A record-linkage study of hospitalised cases of work-related spinal injury (ICD10-AM code U73.0 or workers compensation) was conducted. Study period 2013–2016. Eight hundred and twenty-four individuals sustained work-related spinal injuries; 86.2% of whom were males and had a mean age of 46.6 years. Falls led to 50% of the injuries; predominantly falls from building/structures, ladders or between levels. Falls occurred predominantly in the construction industry (78%). Transport crashes caused 31% of injuries and 24% in heavy vehicles. Half of all the transport injuries occurred ‘off road’. The external cause was coded as ‘non-specific work activity’ in 44.5% of cases; missing in 11.5%. Acute care bed days numbered at 13,302; total cost $19,500,000. High numbers of work-related spinal injuries occurred in the construction industry; particularly falling from a height. Off-road transport-related injuries were significant and likely unaddressed by ‘on-road’ prevention policies. Medical record documentation was insufficient in injury mechanism and context specificity. Workers in the construction industry or those using vehicles off-road were at high risk of spinal injury, suggesting inefficient systems approaches or ineffective prevention policies. Reducing the use of non-specific external cause codes in patients’ medical records would improve the measurement of policy effectiveness.
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Yu, Ling, Dong Ye Zhu, and Long Sheng Bao. "An Experimental Research on the Pavement Performance of Regenerated Materials under Heavy Load." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 1973–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.1973.
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Along with the rapid development of highway, regenerated materials are used more frequently in highway engineering. Featured by low carbon and environmental protection, it confirms to the philosophy of sustainable development in China. However, the fast developing transport industry brings more heavy vehicles and heavy-load traffics take place commonly, thus causing diseases to China’s highway in advance. The major highway disease is wheel ruts. The appearance of wheel rut not only affects the service life of highway and the comfort level of driving, but also threatens driving safety, thereby causing huge losses and harmful effect. According to an investigation, 70% of highway suffers from the problem of wheel rut. High temperature and heavy load are two most important factors of wheel rut. This paper will take Tieling-Fuxin line for example to analyze the pavement performance and test the material performance of regenerated mixtures under different loads.
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Wei, Long, Gang Chen, Wenjie Sun, and Guoqi Li. "Recognition of Operating Characteristics of Heavy Trucks Based on the Identification of GPS Trajectory Stay Points." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (June 11, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9998405.
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As an emerging data source, feature identification based on GPS trajectory data has become a hot issue in the field of data mining and freight management. A method of trajectory data extraction, classification, and visualization based on stay points was proposed in this paper to analyze the operation characteristics of heavy trucks from the perspectives of intracity transportation, intraprovincial transportation, and interprovincial transportation. The GPS trajectory data of heavy trucks in Sichuan Province in March 2019 were taken as an example to analyze the operation characteristics. The results show that the heavy trucks in Sichuan Province are mainly transported within the province, and the freight efficiency is slightly better than the average level of the national freight trucks in the same period, failing to give full play to the advantages of long transport distance. The manufacturing industry is the main service object of heavy trucks, and the vehicles engaged in transportation within the province are more dependent on logistics enterprises and their ancillary facilities. The north-south longitudinal line and east-west horizontal line are the main interprovincial transport channels, and the provincial and municipal transport is mainly concentrated in some urban trunk lines, ring lines, and express routes. The proposed technical method can describe the operating characteristics of freight trucks from the perspective of microscopic and service market, not only to guide the layout of highway freight yards, logistics parks, and logistics hubs and the determination of service functions but also to provide a reference basis for freight management-related departments and drivers to formulate transportation plans and establish freight information platforms to improve freight efficiency and safety.
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Rakhmanin, Yu A., and Aleksandr V. Levanchuk. "Quantitative spatio-temporal assessment of pollutants in atmospheric air in the combustion of the fuel of road transport." Hygiene and sanitation 95, no. 11 (October 28, 2019): 1021–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2016-95-11-1021-1024.
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In the paper there are presented results of the study of the number of compounds of metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) emitted into the environment with exhaust gases of road transport. In the composition of the exhaust gases 11000 tons of heavy metal compounds and 49.8 tons of highly toxic of PAHs in the soil were established to annually be emitted into the ambient air of St. Petersburg. There was justified the application of the method of the emission inventory of pollutants into the atmosphere from the combustion of the fuel of vehicles. There was established the quantity of PAH and metals emitted to the environment in dependence on the intensity of the traffic flow. The implementation of results of the study will allow to improve the quality of the sanitary and epidemiological surveillance in the territories of the cities with the developed road transport industry.
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Ivanov, Martin. "Two-dimensional numerical tests, of drag compensation device for on-road freight vehicles, based on CFD methods." E3S Web of Conferences 207 (2020): 05001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020705001.
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In today’s demanding reality, making the on-road freight vehicles more fuel-efficient and lower emissive, is becoming more and more important design issue. During the past years the light car industry has managed to reduce significantly the aerodynamic losses, whereas the freight transport did not have much development in this aspect. For heavy vehicles such as tractor-trailers, drag is one of the dominant reasons for energy loss due to poor aerodynamic shape and large surfaces facing the flow direction. That is why, the presented study focuses on the development of technological solution for aerodynamic loss compensation, devoted to the freight transport vehicles. An innovative approach for drag compensation, based on airfoil device located in the tractor-trailer gap, is tested by the methods of the Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), in 2D simulation study. The lift and drag force distribution over the airfoil are analyzed in the restricted area, in relation to the airfoil size. The results show that, the values increase with the increase of the size of the profile. However, important model limitations are described as well, which will assist the further development of the proposed device.
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Khazin, Mark L. "Directions of Career Transport Development." Недропользование 21, no. 3 (December 15, 2021): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2712-8008/2021.3.7.
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Since the beginning of the civilization emergence, people began to use the minerals extraction on the surface of the Earth and the rock mass transportation. One of the main tasks of the mining industry is the transportation of an increasing rock mass amount from the quarry, which has caused the need to increase the power and carrying capacity of mining dump trucks. Today, we can assume that the revolutionary period of increasing the carrying capacity in the creation of heavy-duty dump trucks is over. Further improvement of the designs of frame dump trucks is impractical. To create super-powerful dump trucks capable of efficiently transporting rock mass from deep horizons, fundamentally different designs of machines and power plants are needed. The most important requirement for promising machines is to minimize the negative impact on the environment. In its development, mining vehicles have come a long way: a hand wheelbarrow - a horse cart - a truck - a diesel mining dump truck - a diesel-electric mining dump truck - an electric mining dump truck - an unmanned electric mining dump truck. According to the law of the transition from quantity to quality, it can be assumed that the period of increasing the carrying capacity of mining dump trucks has ended (quantitative changes), and a new period of qualitative changes begins (the development of new types of mining transport, an increase in the specific capacity of a power plant, the use of other energy carriers, etc.). An important area is the use of artificial intelligence: robotic dump trucks, self-diagnostic systems, etc. The main requirement for promising machines is to reduce the cost of transporting rock mass and a minimum negative impact on the environment.
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Akelaitytė, Rasa, and Tomas Januševičius. "ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS HAVING AN IMPACT ON THE NOISE INDUCED BY MOTOR VAHICLES / APLINKOS VEIKSNIŲ ĮTAKA AUTOMOBILIŲ KELIAMAM TRIUKŠMUI." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 5, no. 4 (November 25, 2013): 323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2013.52.
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The transport sector is rapidly developing industry in Lithuania. Over the past few years, a significant increase in motor vehicles on our roads can be noticed. Both light and heavy vehicles create economic benefits, and, at the same time, cause ecological and social problems such as noise, a growing number of accidents and environmental pollution. In order to reduce the rate of accidents, many places have been equipped with speed-limiting humps. However, the vehicles approaching them will increase noise levels. The article describes a calculation method of how to determine the influence of various factors caused by car noise. Reflections on the surface, the atmosphere and sound waves on road obstacles can increase or decrease sounds in the environment. The above introduced factors must be taken into account conducting noise measurement tests. Santrauka Vis sparčiau Lietuvoje besivystant pramonei ir transporto sektoriui, per pastaruosius kelerius metus mūsų keliuose žymiai padaugėjo automobilių. Tiek lengvieji, tiek sunkieji automobiliai ne tik teikia ekonominį pelną, bet kartu su nauda lemia ir ekologines bei socialines problemas – kelia triukšmą, didėja avaringumas ir aplinkos tarša. Siekiant sumažinti avaringumą, daugelyje vietų yra įrengiami greičio ribojimo kalneliai. Triukšmas, keliamas automobiliams važiuojant per juos, prisideda prie bendro triukšmo. Pateikiami skaičiavimai, kaip nustatyti įvairių veiksnių įtaką automobilių triukšmo mastui. Garso atspindžiai, kelio danga, atmosfera, kliūtys garso bangų kelyje – visa tai gali padidinti arba sumažinti garsų sklidimą. Atliekant triukšmo matavimo tyrimus į šiuos veiksnius būtina atsižvelgti. Reikšminiai žodžiai: triukšmas, automobiliai, pataisos, garsas, autotransportas, greičio ribojimo kalneliai.
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Song, Kai, Song Guo, Haichao Wang, Ying Yu, Hui Wang, Rongzhi Tang, Shiyong Xia, et al. "Measurement report: Online measurement of gas-phase nitrated phenols utilizing a CI-LToF-MS: primary sources and secondary formation." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 10 (May 25, 2021): 7917–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7917-2021.
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Abstract. To investigate the composition, variation, and sources of nitrated phenols (NPs) in the winter of Beijing, gas-phase NPs were measured by a chemical ionization long time-of-flight mass spectrometer (CI-LToF-MS). A box model was applied to simulate the secondary formation process of NPs. In addition, the primary sources of NPs were resolved by a non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) model. Our results showed that secondary formation contributed 38 %, 9 %, 5 %, 17 %, and almost 100 % of the nitrophenol (NP), methyl-nitrophenol (MNP), dinitrophenol (DNP), methyl-dinitrophenol (MDNP or DNOC), and dimethyl-nitrophenol (DMNP) concentrations. The phenol–OH reaction was the predominant loss pathway (46.7 %) during the heavy pollution episode, which produced the phenoxy radical (C6H5O). The phenoxy radical consequently reacted with NO2 and produced nitrophenol. By estimating the primarily emitted phenol from the ratio of phenol/CO from freshly emitted vehicle exhaust, this study proposed that oxidation of primary phenol contributes much more nitrophenol (37 %) than that from benzene oxidation (<1 %) in the winter of Beijing. The latter pathway was widely used in models and might lead to great uncertainties. The source apportionment results by NMF indicated the importance of combustion sources (>50 %) to the gas-phase NPs. The industry source contributed 30 % and 9 % to DNP and MDNP, respectively, which was non-negligible. The concentration weighted trajectory (CWT) analysis demonstrated that regional transport from provinces that surround the Yellow and Bohai seas contributed more primary NPs to Beijing. Both primary sources and secondary formation at either local or regional scale should be considered when making control policies of NPs.
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Фомін, А. В. "Power supply of urban residents in nazi occupied Ukraine (between 1941 – 1944)." ВІСНИК СХІДНОУКРАЇНСЬКОГО НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ імені Володимира Даля, no. 3(259) (February 18, 2020): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.33216/1998-7927-2020-259-3-99-107.
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In this article, from the standpoint of anthropocentrism, social history, the history of everyday life, the problem of energy supply to residents of Ukrainian cities during the years of Nazi occupation is analyzed. Energy in an industrial society is one of the most important sectors of the economy, ensuring the functioning of industry, transport, water supply and sanitation, lighting and heating of homes. It plays a particularly important role in the life of cities, because the city’s infrastructure is the center of population, industry and transport, high-rise buildings, and its normal operation without electricity is impossible. The study reveals the features of the restoration and operation of power plants, street lighting in cities, the cost of electricity, its availability for different groups of the urban population. Aspects of the functioning of urban electric vehicles are also discussed in the article. It is proven that the lack of electricity was felt throughout the entire period of occupation. Its absence restrained the restoration of communal services. Electricity was used primarily by German military units, Volksdeutsche, enterprises and official institutions. The methods of lighting and heating homes that were used by citizens during the years of occupation are considered. In the most difficult period in the winter of 1942, the local population was completely deprived of the right to use electricity at home. Violent measures (up to the execution) were threatened for violation of the order. The reverse situation was observed among the Wehrmacht soldiers who did not save electricity. In general, energy supply could not meet the needs of either the civilian population or industry, especially in the cold periods of the year. The reasons for this situation were the Soviet scorched earth tactics, the evacuation of all resources to the east of the USSR, the Reich’s policy of looting and removal of electrical equipment, the lack of fuel and the general energy crisis in Germany as a result of the failure of the blitzkrieg. In their turn, the Nazis themselves, when retreating, also resorted to scorched earth tactics, which, along with heavy fighting and moving of the front line, completely deprived the population of electricity at the final stage of occupation and the Soviet-German war.
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Ancona, Maria Alessandra, Michele Bianchi, Lisa Branchini, Francesco Catena, Andrea De Pascale, Francesco Melino, Saverio Ottaviano, and Antonio Peretto. "Overall Performance Evaluation of Small Scale LNG Production Processes." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (January 22, 2020): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10030785.
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The liquefied natural gas (LNG) is considered a viable solution to replace oil-based engines (common in heavy-duty truck and naval industry) reducing the environmental impact in the transport sector. Since liquefaction plants represent energy intensive processes, the best configurations/operation assessment is of primary importance. In this paper, a novel general procedure for the thermodynamic design and optimization, engineering design and off-design evaluation for small-scale LNG production systems is presented. The procedure can be used for the complete design and performance evaluation of plug & play facilities at filling stations for vehicles/boats, with the contemporary benefits of reducing pollutant emission in the city/port area and operating as electrical storage, coupled with renewable generators. Furthermore, the procedure has been applied to a case study (ferry boat operating at the main canal in the port of Ravenna, Italy), evaluating the optimal size for the integrated wind plant by minimizing the electricity introduction into the grid. The obtained results show 78 kW as optimal wind size, allowing the LNG plant to operate 187 h/year in design and 4720 h/year in off-design conditions, with electricity surplus around 33 MWh/year. A prototype will be installed to reduce pollutant emissions and test this technology as a storage option for renewable sources.
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Bristowe, George, and Andrew Smallbone. "The Key Techno-Economic and Manufacturing Drivers for Reducing the Cost of Power-to-Gas and a Hydrogen-Enabled Energy System." Hydrogen 2, no. 3 (July 27, 2021): 273–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen2030015.
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Water electrolysis is a process which converts electricity into hydrogen and is seen as a key technology in enabling a net-zero compatible energy system. It will enable the scale-up of renewable electricity as a primary energy source for heating, transport, and industry. However, displacing the role currently met by fossil fuels might require a price of hydrogen as low as 1 $/kg, whereas renewable hydrogen produced using electrolysis is currently 10 $/kg. This article explores how mass manufacturing of proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysers can reduce the capital cost and, thus, make the production of renewable power to hydrogen gas (PtG) more economically viable. A bottom up direct manufacturing model was developed to determine how economies of scale can reduce the capital cost of electrolysis. The results demonstrated that (assuming an annual production rate of 5000 units of 200 kW PEM electrolysis systems) the capital cost of a PEM electrolysis system can reduce from 1990 $/kW to 590 $/kW based on current technology and then on to 431 $/kW and 300 $/kW based on the an installed capacity scale-up of ten- and one-hundred-fold, respectively. A life-cycle costing analysis was then completed to determine the importance of the capital cost of an electrolysis system to the price of hydrogen. It was observed that, based on current technology, mass manufacturing has a large impact on the price of hydrogen, reducing it from 6.40 $/kg (at 10 units units per year) to 4.16 $/kg (at 5000 units per year). Further analysis was undertaken to determine the cost at different installed capacities and found that the cost could reduce further to 2.63 $/kg and 1.37 $/kg, based on technology scale-up by ten- and one hundred-fold, respectively. Based on the 2030 (and beyond) baseline assumptions, it is expected that hydrogen production from PEM electrolysis could be used as an industrial process feed stock, provide power and heat to buildings and as a fuel for heavy good vehicles (HGVs). In the cases of retrofitted gas networks for residential or industrial heating solutions, or for long distance transport, it represents a more economically attractive and mass-scale compatible solution when compared to electrified heating or transport solutions.
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Kuhn, T., R. Damoah, A. Bacak, and J. J. Sloan. "Characterizing aerosol transport into the Canadian High Arctic using aerosol mass spectrometry and Lagrangian modelling." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 5 (May 26, 2010): 13407–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-13407-2010.
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Abstract. We report the analysis of measurements made using an aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS; Aerodyne Research Inc.) that was installed in the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL) in summer 2006. PEARL is located in the Canadian high Arctic at 610 m above sea level on Ellesmere Island (80° N 86° W). PEARL is unique for its remote location in the Arctic and because most of the time it is situated within the free troposphere. It is therefore well suited as a receptor site to study the long range tropospheric transport of pollutants into the Arctic. Some information about the successful year-round operation of an AMS at a high Arctic site such as PEARL will be reported here, together with design considerations for reliable sampling under harsh low-temperature conditions. Computational fluid dynamics calculations were made to ensure that sample integrity was maintained while sampling air at temperatures that average −40 °C in the winter and can be as low as −55 °C. Selected AMS measurements of aerosol mass concentration, size, and chemical composition recorded during the months of August, September and October 2006 will be reported. During this period, sulfate was at most times the predominant aerosol component with on average 0.115 μg m−3 (detection limit 0.003 μg m−3). The second most abundant component was undifferentiated organic aerosol, with on average 0.11 μg m−3 detection limit (0.04 μg m−3). The nitrate component, which averaged 0.007 μg m−3, was above its detection limit (0.002 μg m−3), whereas the ammonium ion had an apparent average concentration of 0.02 μg m−3, which was approximately equal to its detection limit. A few episodes having increased mass concentrations and lasting from several hours to several days are apparent in the data. These were investigated further using a statistical analysis to determine their common characteristics. High correlations among some of the components arriving during the short term episodes provide evidence for common sources. Lagrangian methods were also used to identify the source regions for some of the episodes. These showed that the source regions for the two selected episodes were located in north-eastern North America and western Siberia. We believe the former is associated with sulfate emissions from motor vehicles, power plants and heavy industry. The latter coincides with the locations of the largest Russian oil and gas fields. These conclusions show that the Arctic is the destination for significant amounts of pollution from high- and mid-latitude industrial and resource activity.
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ZAALISHVILI, Vladislav, Ketevan KORBESOVA, Inga ARKHIREEVA, and Ganapathy GANAPATHY. "Impact of mobile and stationary pollution sources on the geoecological state of urbanized territories in the mountain region." Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories 14, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 564–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2022-14-4-564-575.
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Introduction. The air quality problems facing the world today become aggravated by rapid urban population growth, uncontrolled urban and industrial expansion and a phenomenal growth in the number and time of car use. In general, geoecological pollution of the territory is caused by stationary and mobile sources. The industry in the most of the regions today is experiencing degradation to one degree or another. At the same time, operating plants and factories, especially those associated with the processing of toxic heavy metals, are mostly equipped with filter systems that significantly reduce the territory pollution. On the other hand, in recent years, road transport has taken the first place in terms of urban areas pollution. Road traffic is the largest source of many air pollutants that are harmful to health, but emissions from internal combustion engines are not the only source of pollution. Car tyres and parts of brake systems are also a significant source of environmental pollution. Thus, the assessment of the level of environmental pollution by road transport seems to be a very urgent task. Research methods. Experimental research methods were used in the work. The authors introduced a new integral index of atmospheric air pollution Zatm. The assessment of the level of atmospheric air pollution was carried out using the Ecolab gas analyzer based on a specially developed measurement technique. The data of the existing foreign works on the assessment of environmental pollution by tyre wear products were also considered as the source material. The obtained data were extrapolated to the territory of Vladikavkaz city. Map compilation was carried out using geoinformation modeling methods. Research results. As part of the study of tyre wear for the territory of Vladikavkaz city, it was found that about 258 tons of tyre wear products are emitted into the city’s environment per year, which is 860 grams per head of population. On the basis of the obtained data on the actual content of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons С1-С10 and nitrogen and sulfur dioxides in the atmospheric air, a distribution map of the integral index of atmospheric air pollution Zatm in Vladikavkaz city was constructed. The map identified the sections of roads that are subjected to the greatest pollution Discussion. Traffic optimization models, in particular, “green corridors”, are currently being proposed as mitigation measures for pollutant emissions from road transport. Based on the analysis of the obtained data, which form the basis of the constructed maps of atmospheric air pollution in Vladikavkaz city, Recommendations for reducing the ecological load of road transport on the environment have been developed. Conclusion. Today, when most stationary sources (plants, factories, mining and processing centers, etc.) have practically stopped their activity or equipped with special treatment systems (filters, modern technologies), it is mobile pollution sources that emit the largest amount of pollutants. Road transport forms a high level of load on the geo-ecological state of the territory environment. The analysis of the obtained results made it possible to develop Recommendations for reducing pollutant emissions from road transport, which, due to the evergrowing number of vehicles and, as a result, increasing environmental pollution, is an actual result of the work. Resume. On the basis of the obtained data on the actual content of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen and sulfur dioxides in the atmospheric air, a distribution map of the introduced integral index of atmospheric air pollution Zatm in Vladikavkaz city was constructed. The map identifies the sections of roads that are subjected to the greatest pollution. In addition to the exhausts of internal combustion engines, car tyres are also considered as a pollution source and the assessment is given according to the amount of emissions generated by their wear particles. Recommendations are given to reduce the ecological load of road transport on the environment. In the future, it is planned to carry out experimental investigations to study the dynamics of emissions, as well as to study the concentrations of other pollutants.
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Sadavarte, Pankaj, Maheswar Rupakheti, Prakash Bhave, Kiran Shakya, and Mark Lawrence. "Nepal emission inventory – Part I: Technologies and combustion sources (NEEMI-Tech) for 2001–2016." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 20 (October 18, 2019): 12953–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12953-2019.
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Abstract. The lack of a comprehensive, up-to-date emission inventory for the Himalayan region is a major challenge in understanding the extensive regional air pollution, including its causes, impacts and mitigation pathways. This study describes a high-resolution (1 km × 1 km) present-day emission inventory for Nepal, developed with a higher-tier approach. The complete study is divided into two parts; this paper covers technologies and combustion sources in residential, industrial, commercial, agricultural diesel-use and transport sectors as Part I (NEEMI-Tech), while emissions from the open burning of municipal waste and agricultural residue in fields and fugitive emissions from waste management, paddy fields, enteric fermentation and manure management for the period 2001–2016 will be covered in Part II (NEEMI-Open). The national total energy consumption (except hydropower, solar and wind energy) estimated in the base year 2011 was 374 PJ, with the residential sector being the largest energy consumer (79 %), followed by industry (11 %) and the transport sector (7 %). Biomass is the dominant energy source, contributing to 88 % of the national total energy consumption, while the rest is from fossil fuel. A total of 8.9 Tg of CO2, 110 Gg of CH4, 2.1 Gg of N2O, 64 Gg of NOx, 1714 Gg of CO, 407 Gg of NMVOCs, 195 Gg of PM2.5, 23 Gg of BC, 83 Gg of OC and 24 Gg of SO2 emissions were estimated in 2011 from the five energy-use sectors considered in NEEMI-Tech. The Nepal emission inventory provides, for the first time, temporal trends of fuel and energy consumption and associated emissions in Nepal for a long period, 2001–2016. The energy consumption showed an increase by a factor of 1.6 in 2016 compared to 2001, while the emissions of various species increased by a factor of 1.2–2.4. An assessment of the top polluting technologies shows particularly high emissions from traditional cookstoves and space-heating practices using biomass. In addition, high emissions were also computed from fixed-chimney Bull's trench kilns (FCBTKs) in brick production, cement kilns, two-wheeler gasoline vehicles, heavy-duty diesel freight vehicles and kerosene lamps. The monthly analysis shows December, January and February as periods of high PM2.5 emissions from the technology-based sources considered in this study. Once the full inventory including open burning and fugitive sources (Part II) is available, a more complete picture of the strength and temporal variability in the emissions and sources will be possible. Furthermore, the large spatial variation in the emissions highlights the pockets of growing urbanization, which emphasize the importance of the detailed knowledge about the emission sources that this study provides. These emissions will be of value for further studies, especially air-quality-modeling studies focused on understanding the likely effectiveness of air pollution mitigation measures in Nepal.
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Bowers-Carnahan, F. Renae, Rhonda Kinghorn, Alvah Bittner, Syd Reynolds, Anne-Marie Feyer, Ann M. Williamson, and Deborah M. Freund. "Issues in Heavy Vehicles." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 37, no. 9 (October 1993): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129303700913.
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The heavy vehicle industry includes medium-duty trucks, heavy-duty trucks, and buses. Vehicle size, driver location relative to the road, and duration of time in the vehicle distinguish heavy vehicles from the passenger car and light truck industry. During the past decade, the industry has been changing. Technological advances, as well as political, economic, and cultural forces, have combined to create a new environment. The driver has become more important in this new environment. A driver shortage and safety issues have heightened the interest in human factors and ergonomics in the heavy vehicle industry. The purpose of this symposium is to highlight some of the current human factors research in the field of heavy vehicles. While there are many possible topics to discuss, the first two papers will address vehicle design issues and the second two papers will address operational issues. Ms. Kinghorn will discuss a technique to estimate the current population of US Truck Drivers. She proposes that some of the shortcomings of the available data, such as changes in the population over the last decade and dimensions for which no data are available, can be overcome by estimating the current truck driver population from data on the general population. Mr. Reynolds will discuss the discrepancies observed between a design eyellipse location and actual driver eye locations in a small exploratory study. He will describe the primary contributor to the discrepancy, the H-point, and suggest several other potential contributors. Ms. Feyer will discuss a study on the effects of operational practices on driver fatigue. She will compare and contrast the operational practices of various segments of the long distance passenger and freight hauling industries. Her results indicate that different strategies must be applied to the passenger and freight industries to combat fatigue, even though the causes of fatigue are the same. Ms. Freund is from the US Federal Highway Administration's Office of Motor Carriers. She will discuss their plans for research concerning truck and bus driver operational regulation. Specific areas that are of interest include proficiency testing, fitness for duty, and substance abuse. She will elaborate on the program, addressing driver fatigue and loss of alertness.
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Stania, Marek. "Mechatronics Systems of Autonomous Transport Vehicle." Solid State Phenomena 198 (March 2013): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.198.96.
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The purpose of this paper is to present the development and realization of the elaborate mechatronic systems, having its main application in the logistic industry. The innovative, patented steering system is its unique feature. The steerage is based on the torque difference between the drive wheels. This solution allows for the unlimited maneuverability during the motion of the vehicle.
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Vaišis, Vaidotas, and Tomas Januševičius. "INVESTIGATION AND EVALUATION OF NOISE LEVEL IN THE NORTHERN PART OF KLAIPEDA CITY/TRIUKŠMO LYGIO ŠIAURINĖJE KLAIPĖDOS MIESTO DALYJE TYRIMAI IR ĮVERTINIMAS/ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ И АНАЛИЗ ШУМОВОГО УРОВНЯ В СЕВЕРНОЙ ЧАСТИ ГОРОДА КЛАЙПЕДЫ." JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 16, no. 2 (June 30, 2008): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648-6897.2008.16.89-96.
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The problem of noise is topical not only in Lithuania but the world over as well. The northern part of Klaipeda city is distinct for its industry and heavy traffic in the streets. Noise research was carried out in 17 selected measurement locations in the northern part of Klaipeda city. Noise measurements were taken in May, June, July, August, September, October and November. The measurements were made three times during the day: in the day time from 6 a.m. till 6 p.m., in the evening from 6 p.m. till 10 p.m. and at night from 10 p.m. till 6 a.m. The locations of the measurements are marked on the map. In order to distinguish the source of bigger noise between industry and transport, the northern part was divided into two belts. Industry is prevalent in the first belt, whereas the main troublemakers in the second belt are motor vehicles. The measured noise level is compared with permissible standards in measurement locations, where noise level is usually exceeded, and the analysis of noise levels is presented. In order to show the spread of noise in Klaipeda at all three times of the day more vividly, maps of isolines were compiled. Santrauka Triukšmas - ne tik Lietuvoje, bet ir visame pasaulyje aktuali problema. Klaipedos miesto šiaurine dalis yra išskirtine savo pramone ir intensyviu eismu gatvese. Triukšmo tyrimai atlikti šiaurineje Klaipedos miesto dalyje, 17‐oje pasirinktu matavimo vietu. Triukšmas matuotas gegužes, birželio, liepos, rugpjūčio, rugsejo, spalio ir lapkričio menesiais. Matavimai atlikti trimis paros laikais: diena nuo 6–18 valandos, vakare nuo 18–22 valandos ir nakti nuo 22–6 valandos. Matavimo vietos pateiktos žemelapyje. Siekiant nustatyti, kas kelia didesni triukšma ‐ pramone ar transportas, šiaurine miesto dalis suskirstyta i dvi zonas. Pirmojoje zonoje vyrauja pramone, o antrojoje zonoje pagrindinis triukšmo šaltinis automobiliai. Išmatuotas triukšmo lygis palygintas su leistinosiomis normomis. Pateikta matavimo vietu, kuriose dažniausiai viršijamas triukšmo lygis, triukšmo lygiu analize. Siekiant aiškiau parodyti, kaip triukšmas pasiskirsto Klaipedos mieste visais trimis paros laikais, sudaryti izoliniju žemelapiai. Резюме Шум является актуальной проблемой не только в Литве, но и во всем мире. Северная часть города Клайпеды является промышленным районом с интенсивным транспортным движением. Для исследования шума в этой части города было выбрано 17 мест замера. Шум измерялся с мая по ноябрь. Измерения проводились 3 раза в разное время суток: днем в 6–18 ч, вечером в 18–22 ч и ночью в 22–6 ч. Места замеров показаны на карте. С целью установить, что является бóльшим источником шума – промышленные предприятия или транспортные средства, северная часть города была поделена на две зоны. В первой зоне преобладали промышленные предприятия, а во второй – транспорт. Измеренный уровень шума сравнивался с разрешенным нормами. Для мест замеров, в которых чаще всего уровень шума превышал норму, предлагался анализ уровня шума. Для лучшего представления о распределении шума в городе Клайпеде в разное время суток были созданы карты изолиний.
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Mitrović, Stefan, Goran Mladenović, Rade Hajdin, and Snežana Mašović. "Overview of heavy-duty transport on the territory of Republic Serbia." Put i saobraćaj 66, no. 3 (October 5, 2020): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31075/pis.66.03.06.
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The subject of this paper is heavy-duty transport in the Republic of Serbia. Permits for heavy-duty transport issued by the public company Roads of Serbia for two representive months: April and September in 2019 were considered. The following data from permits were analyzed: dimension of vehicle, number of axles, total vehicle weight and axle overload. The first part of this paper presents short review of the current analysis of heavy-duty transport in Europe and the world over the last 20 years, and also trends and expectations in the future. Second part of this paper represent statistical processing and analysis of data from permits of heavy-duty transport. On the end of this paper are given conclusions based on analysis of data from permits.
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Wang, Jianjun, Jingyi Zhao, Wenlei Li, Xing Jia, and Peng Wei. "Research and Improvement of the Hydraulic Suspension System for a Heavy Hydraulic Transport Vehicle." Applied Sciences 10, no. 15 (July 29, 2020): 5220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10155220.
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In order to ensure the ride comfort of a hydraulic transport vehicle in transportation, it is important to account for the effects of the suspension system. In this paper, an improved hydraulic suspension system based on a reasonable setting of the accumulator was proposed for a heavy hydraulic transport vehicle. The hydraulic transport vehicle was a multi-degree nonlinear system, and the establishment of an appropriate vehicle dynamical model was the basis for the improvement of the hydraulic suspension system. The hydraulic suspension system was analyzed, and a mathematical model of the hydraulic suspension system with accumulator established and then analyzed. The results revealed that installing the appropriate accumulator can absorb the impact pressure on the vehicle, while a hydraulic suspension system with an accumulator can be designed. Further, it was proved that a reasonable setting for the accumulator can reduce the impact force on the transport vehicle through simulation, and the optimal accumulator parameters can be obtained. Finally, an experiment in the field was set up and carried out, and the experimental results presented to prove the viability of the proposed method.
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Leitans, Armands, Irina Boiko, Janis Lungevics, and Viktors Mironovs. "The Influence of the Technological Process on the Surface Quality and Tribological Properties of Powder Details." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 16, 2015): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2015vol1.202.
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<p class="R-AbstractKeywords"><span lang="EN-US">Nowadays the materials made by methods of powder metallurgy are widely used for producing details of the heavy-duty friction pair. Due to high reliability and effective combination of mechanical and tribological properties such materials are usually used in transport industry, for example for gear assemblies of different kinds of automobiles, brake system of high speed trains, aircrafts etc. There are many variations of powder materials, but for friction pairs the iron based antifriction materials, for example Fe-C-Cu, Fe-P, Fe-Cu-Sn, Fe-Cu-Sn-Pb-MoS<sub>2</sub>, Fe-C-Cu-Ni-Mo and others are successfully used. In recent years, the requirements for antifriction materials are raised highly because of more intensive freight traffic and speed of vehicles. On the other hand, the demand of more inexpensive materials and effective using of natural resources is the issue of the day.</span></p><p class="R-AbstractKeywords"><span lang="EN-US">The aim of this paper is to offer the new low-cost metal powder material based on Fe-C compound with content of Ni and Mo up to 0.3%. The influence of the parameters of technological process (pressing and sintering) on physical properties (porosity, density), mechanical properties (hardness) as well as on 2D roughness and 3D texture parameters was studied and is presented in this paper as well. The “Taylor Hobson Ltd” 3D measurement system has been used in metrological study. The analysis of the influence of the technological process on the surface roughness parameters is given. The tribological properties (friction coefficient) were evaluated using “ball-on-disk” testing without lubrication. The analysis of achieved results is prove the appropriateness of using of new low-alloy metal powder material on the iron base for producing details of friction pair. One of the possible applications - bushes for braking systems of railway rolling stock. Using offered material allows reducing the product cost in complex with acceptable wear resistance and durability.</span></p>
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Fekpe, Edward S. K. "Computerized Heavy-Vehicle Size and Weight Regulations Data Base." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1522, no. 1 (January 1996): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196152200110.
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Policy, management, and technical decisions affecting highway infrastructure, truck operations, and regulatory enforcement, among other factors affecting the trucking industry require information on the types and operating characteristics of heavy vehicles. This information is contained in the set of regulations governing the sizes and weights of these vehicles and is traditionally provided in print medium. The results of a novel attempt to computerize these regulations and store them in a data base are presented. The platform used for the data base is user friendly, flexible, easily accessible, and interactive; sketches of vehicles can be included and information can be protected through definition of user passwords. It is demonstrated that even though industry regulations are complex, specific to jurisdiction, and varied in a number of respects, it is possible to capture the most important variables in a data base. It is also possible to enhance the utility and scope of the data base by interfacing with a geographic information system and to include other variables, such as the dynamic and operational performance attributes of heavy vehicles. The data base has limitations, among them that it cannot capture all descriptive details of the set of regulations and that it serves as an information base only and cannot be used as a legal document.
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Mooren, Lori, Raphael Grzebieta, Ann Williamson, Jake Olivier, and Rena Friswell. "Safety management for heavy vehicle transport: A review of the literature." Safety Science 62 (February 2014): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2013.08.001.
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Budihardjo, Mochamad Arief, Isaaf Fadhilah, Natasya Ghinna Humaira, Mochtar Hadiwidodo, Irawan Wisnu Wardhana, and Bimastyaji Surya Ramadan. "Forecasting Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Heavy Vehicles: A Case study of Semarang City." Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan 18, no. 2 (July 29, 2021): 254–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/presipitasi.v18i2.254-260.
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In Indonesia, transportation sector, specifically road transport consumed most energy compared to other sectors. Eventually, the energy consumption will increase due to the growth of vehicle number that also escalate emission. Vehicle emissions had been recognized as a significant contributor to atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) pollution. Heavy-duty vehicles are considered as main sources of vehicular emissions in most cities. Therefore, it is crucial to take into account heavy-duty vehicle emission projections in order to support policymakers to identify vehicle emissions and develop pollution control strategies. The aim of this study is to forecast heavy-duty vehicle population, vehicle kilometers travelled (VKT), fuel consumption, and heavy-duty vehicle emissions using data of Semarang City to illustrate greenhouse gas emission of big cities in Indonesia. Business as Usual (BAU) and The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) method were incorporated to determine vehicle emission projection. Heavy-duty vehicle emissions increase from 2021 to 2030 by 12.317 to 22.865 Gg CO2/year with amount trucks and buses emissions of 21.981,5 Gg CO2/year and 884,2 Gg CO2/year, respectively.
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Odhams, A. M. C., R. L. Roebuck, Y. J. Lee, S. W. Hunt, and D. Cebon. "Factors influencing the energy consumption of road freight transport." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 224, no. 9 (September 1, 2010): 1995–2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes2004.
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Key factors that influence the energy consumption of heavy goods vehicles are investigated. These factors include engine efficiency, aerodynamic drag and rolling resistance, vehicle configuration (number of vehicle units), traffic congestion, speed, payload factors, and the use of regenerative braking. An accurate, validated model of the fuel consumption of a 38 tonne tractor-semitrailer vehicle is used as a basis to derive fuel consumption models of a number of other vehicle configurations. These models included a rigid four-axle truck with maximum gross vehicle mass (GVM) of 26 tonnes; a six-axle tractor semitrailer with GVM of 44 tonnes, with and without regenerative braking; a ‘B-double’ with GVM of 60 tonnes; and an ‘A-double’ with GVM of 82 tonnes. These vehicle models were driven over a simple hypothetical drive cycle with a fixed maximum speed and varying numbers of stops in a 10 km stretch of road. It is concluded that: (a) improving engine efficiency, unladen mass, rolling resistance, and aerodynamic drag can yield relatively small improvements in fuel consumption, compared with other factors; (b) larger vehicles are always significantly more energy-efficient than smaller ones when fully loaded; (c) transferring freight from articulated vehicles to smaller rigid vehicles for urban deliveries typically increases fuel consumption by approximately 35 per cent; (d) running vehicles partially loaded can increase the energy per unit freight task by up to 65 per cent; and (e) under urban start—stop conditions, the use of regenerative braking systems can reduce heavy vehicle fuel consumption by 25–35 per cent.
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Dhayarkar, Suyash, Suraj Sontakke, Vipul Shinde, and Nilam Ghuge. "Electric Heavy Vehicle Transportation Highway (By Catenary System)." ITM Web of Conferences 44 (2022): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20224401004.
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This paper provide a review of the latest work in the sector of electric vehicle. The transport Sector massively depends on Non-Renewable Sources. Continuous release of harmful substances in the surrounding by the vehicle should be confined and restore with alternative transportation. Electric Highway is one of efficient Solution. It is modern technology of electrical road systems. It is a technique in which electricity is taken from power grid through dynamic Pantograph which is attached with overhead transmission line. Thus, EV’s with a combination of Electric Highway can charge the battery in dynamic motion and reduce the time of recharging of a vehicle. Shortly, the paper introduces some features of EV, their limitation and one of the effective alternate modern solution considering the well-being of the environment.
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Aqil, Muhammad, Rizwan Ahmed, Jolita Vveinhardt, and Dalia Streimikiene. "Factors Influencing the Profitability of Heavy Vehicle Industry: A Case of Pakistan." Montenegrin Journal of Economics 15, no. 1 (March 2019): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/1800-5845/2019.15-1.5.
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Brown, Annette. "Shining The Light." Industrial Vehicle Technology International 29, no. 1 (March 2021): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/s1471-115x(23)70227-4.
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Hutchinson, Harry. "To Get to the Other Side." Mechanical Engineering 128, no. 04 (April 1, 2006): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2006-apr-4.
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This paper discusses engineering design ideas employed by P. Wirzius Heavy Assembly GmbH of Hinden, Germany, to transport heavy loads across states. In order to find a safe way to cross its bridges, Wirzius enlisted a specialist in getting heavy objects safely to their destinations, Greiner Vehicle Technology, an engineering company based in Neuenstein, Germany. Greiner says it designs systems for transporting large machinery by road or rail. Working with Wirzius, the Greiner company devised a plan to transfer some of the extraordinary vehicle weight to a temporary track system that would channel that part of the load directly to the bridge piers. Engineers working in 3D simulated the system in motion and avoided problems, like collisions, that would otherwise have needed correction later. Crews from Greiner and Wirzius tested the system at the former Butzweilerhof Airport in Ossendorf. A transport vehicle had to transport 295 tons of ballast across a 14S-meter track. The next day, they repeated the test as a demonstration for French motorway authorities.
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Cornish, Scott. "Land transport—risk controls for the upstream industry." APPEA Journal 53, no. 2 (2013): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj12052.
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Land transport and driving safety is one of the highest risks faced by upstream oil and gas operating companies. APPEA has approached the issue by developing a code of practice for land transport activity that board and member companies have endorsed. This extended abstract reviews the risks of transport activities focusing on the key controls recommended to provide a systematic approach, emphasising driver behaviour. Driver behaviour has been identified as a major contributor to incidents. To improve driver behaviour, a number of Australian companies have introduced In-Vehicle Monitoring Systems (IVMS) during the past few years. There are varied opinions about whether they reduce vehicle incidents; since introduction, results from the IVMS (driving behaviours) are quite interesting especially in remote area operations. The statistics show driver behaviour has improved since installing IVMS. IVMS shows drivers comply more consistently with road rules, and an overall decrease in IVMS triggers (alerts) during the same time has been observed. Like all systems, they are only as good as the people who use them. Without reporting and continual feedback and reinforcement on driver behaviour, installing an IVMS would not have as great an impact or influence on driver behaviour if driver feedback and reinforcement were not also aligned with overall driver management. In addition, IVMS should not be used as a way to catch risk takers, but they should be integrated into a business’s health, safety, and environmental management system (HSEMS). This is to first understand driver behaviour and then to be seen as a tool that can help gradually influence driver behaviour.
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Triyono, Mochamad Bruri. "PENGEMBANGAN ISI KURIKULUM PENDIDIKAN TEKNIK ALAT BERAT BERBASIS KEBUTUHAN INDUSTRI." Jurnal Pendidikan Vokasi 6, no. 3 (December 24, 2016): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jpv.v6i3.12159.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengetahui rumusan kompetensi tenaga mekanik alat berat sesuai standar industri; (2) mengetahui kualifikasi tenaga instruktur alat berat yang dibutuhkan industri sesuai standar industri; (3) merumuskan isi kurikulum untuk materi ajar produktif untuk menciptakan tenaga kerja di bidang alat berat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survei dengan model pilihan pengembangan kurikulum Task Analysis. Penelitian dilaksanakan di industri yang bergerak di bidang alat berat dan institusi pendidikan perguruan tinggi dan SMK yang bekerja sama dengan industri alat berat yaitu PT Thiess Contractors Indonesia, PT United Tractors Indonesia, dan PT Trakindo Utama. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa: (1) kompetensi mekanik alat berat meliputi: menerapkan keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja, menguasai dasar mekanik alat berat, melaksanakan perawatan dan perbaikan engine, sistem hidrolik, powertrain, sistem vehicle control, serta sistem kelistrikan alat berat minimal pada level capable (di bawah supervisi); (2) kualifikasi tenaga instruktur alat berat meliputi: memiliki kemampuan mekanik alat berat level III, memiliki kemampuan mengelola pelatihan, memiliki pengalaman kerja, serta mendapatkan pelatihan instruktur; (3) isi kurikulum untuk materi ajar produktif mekanik alat berat meliputi: dasar mekanik alat berat dan keselamatan kerja, dasar engine, dasar hidrolik, dasar vehicle control, dasar kelistrikan, materi sistem engine lanjut, sistem hidrolik lanjut, sistem powertrain lanjut, sistem vehicle control lanjut, sistem kelistrikan lanjut, product training, serta electronic machine control.Kata kunci: kompetensi, instruktur alat berat, isi kurikulum, materi ajar THE CONTENT CURRICULLUM DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATION TECHNIC IN HEAVY EQUIPMENT BASED ON INDUSTRIAL NEEDSABSTRACTThis study aims to: (1) find out the formula of competency for heavy equipment mechanic based on industry needs, (2) determine the qualifications of instructors in heavy equipment which is appropriate to the industry standards, (3) formulate the content of curriculum development for the teaching material. This research is a survey of Task Analysis curriculum development model. The research was conducted in the industry engaging in heavy equipment that has collaboration with educational institutions and vocational colleges the heavy equipment industry wich invole such as, (PT Thiess Contractors Indonesia, PT United Tractors Indonesia, and PT Trakindo Utama). The results showed that: (1) the competence of heavy equipment mechanic include: implementing occupational safety and health, mastering the basic mechanics of heavy equipment, carrying out maintenance and repairing engine, hydraulic system, powertrain, the system of vehicle control, as well as the electrical system of the machine with a minimum level capable (participants under supervision); (2) the qualifications of heavy equipment instructors includes: having the ability of heavy equipment mechanic to level III, having the skill to manage training, work experience, and training instructors; (3) The contents of the curriculum for the teaching material in heavy equipment mechanic include: basic heavy equipment mechanics and safety, the basic engine, hydraulic basic, basic vehicle control, basic electricity; Advance engine system materials, advanced hydraulic system, advanced powertrain systems, vehicle control systems further, advanced electrical systems, product training, as well as electronic machine control.Keywords: commpetence, heavy equipment instructor, curriculum content, teaching materials
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Rangam, Harikrishna, Sathish Kumar Sivasankaran, and Venkatesh Balasubramanian. "Investigation of Injury patterns in Heavy-duty Single Vehicle crashes based on real-world accident data in Tamilnadu, India." Journal of Road Safety 32, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33492/jrs-d-20-00127.
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According to the reports of NITI (National Institute of Transforming India) Aayog Freight 2018, Road freight is the prime mode (59%) of transport in India with the highest per ton-mile cost than rail or water freight (NITI Aayog, 2018). This road freight usually uses heavy-duty vehicles to transmit voluminous goods and services to the destination in time. Due to this, the heavy-duty vehicle population increased on the Indian roads. Heavy-duty vehicle crashes cause a substantial economic burden to the nation and result in more severity to the involved because of differences in weight, speed, and size. Among heavy-duty vehicle crashes, a significant proportion of crashes are heavy-duty single-vehicle crashes. Single-vehicle crashes are those crashes where the vehicle drivers either involve in self-skidding or hit a stationary object (like a tree). The purpose of this study is to investigate the injury pattern in heavy-duty single vehicle crashes. For this study, the data is extracted from the RADMS (Road Accident Database Management System) database and linked with hospital data. This data includes demographic information, road, environmental and injury characteristics. Later, descriptive statistics performed on the dataset to analyse all heavy-duty single-vehicle crashes between January 2013 and December 2018. Overall, 4704 single heavy-duty vehicle crashes occurred during this period, among which 1244 were fatal crashes. Results show that male drivers aged 26 to 64 years old suffered more fatalities (88%), followed by the 18-25 age group (8%). Examination of injury information found that heavy-duty vehicle drivers mostly sustained multiple injuries (9.05%), head injuries (5.05%), followed by leg injuries (4.29%). The results showed that specific road and environmental factors increase the chance of fatal crashes among heavy-duty vehicle drivers. Furthermore, the proposed study gives insight into the injury characteristics and key contributing factors causing heavy-duty single-vehicle crashes. Finally, this study provides appropriate countermeasures and techniques that can mitigate heavy-duty single-vehicle collisions.
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MACIOSZEK, Elżbieta. "Essential techniques for fastening loads in road transport." Scientific Journal of Silesian University of Technology. Series Transport 110 (March 1, 2021): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.20858/sjsutst.2021.110.8.
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During the transportation of goods, damage and destruction of the transported cargo constitute a very large part of the damage. The most common direct cause of damage is an improper arrangement and securing of the transported load. An improperly secured load may pose a threat to the transporters and bystanders. Incorrectly secured loads can fall from the vehicle, obstruct movement, and cause injury or death. In addition, improperly secured loads can cause injury or death in heavy braking or a collision. The way the load is distributed and secured on the vehicle can negatively affect driving behaviour, making it difficult to control the vehicle. This article presents the conditions related to the transport of loads in road transport, describes both the forces that act on the load during the journey of a vehicle and the most important techniques for securing loads in road transport.
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Abu-Abed, Fares. "Simulation Tools for Transport Monitoring Systems in the Mining Industry." E3S Web of Conferences 278 (2021): 01017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127801017.
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This paper presents a computer modeling approach for monitoring a fleet of mining machines based on a software solution for traffic modeling. Computer simulations can help reduce prototyping costs and reduce the risk of initial launch failure by analyzing and tuning a prototype to test the most appropriate options. Using a computer modeling approach, we show in the first part of the article that the resulting vehicle monitoring metrics can be tested during the modeling process, instead of adding equipment to vehicles during the prototyping phase. Using real equipment in the prototype phase increases fleet downtime and decreases productivity. Using modern solutions for storing time series, we show how easy it is to analyze the data obtained as a result of modeling. In the second part of the article, we propose a workflow for integrating SUMO with a time series data warehouse through a software interface (API) called TraCI, which allows you to aggregate and visualize vehicle fleet data over time. At the end of this work, we discuss the measurement methodology and propose a potential solution for efficient data transmission.