Journal articles: 'Heavy Metals Removal'

1

Un, Umran Tezcan, and Sadettin Eren Ocal. "Removal of Heavy Metals (Cd, Cu, Ni) by Electrocoagulation." International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 6, no. 6 (2015): 425–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijesd.2015.v6.630.

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Xu, Xiaojiang, Junling Zeng, Yue Wu, Qiaoying Wang, Shengchao Wu, and Hongbo Gu. "Preparation and Application of Graphene–Based Materials for Heavy Metal Removal in Tobacco Industry: A Review." Separations 9, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations9120401.

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Heavy metals are nondegradable in the natural environment and harmful to the ecological system and human beings, causing an increased environmental pollution problem. It is required to remove heavy metals from wastewater urgently. Up until now, various methods have been involved in the heavy metal removals, such as chemical precipitation, chemical reduction, electrochemical, membrane separation, ion exchange, biological, and adsorption methods. Among them, adsorption by graphene–based materials has attracted much more attentions for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater systems in recent years, arising due to their large specific surface area, high adsorption capacity, high removal efficiency, and good recyclability. Therefore, it is quite important to review the heavy metal removal with the graphene–based material. In this review, we have summarized the physicochemical property and preparation methods of graphene and their adsorption property to heavy metals. The influencing parameters for the removal of heavy metals by graphene–based materials have been discussed. In addition, the modification of graphene–based materials to enhance their adsorption capability for heavy metal removal is also reviewed. The heavy metal removal by modified graphene–based materials in the tobacco industry has been especially described in detail. Finally, the future trend for graphene–based materials in the field of heavy metal wastewater treatment is proposed. This knowledge will have great impacts on the field and facilitate the researchers to seek the new functionalization method for graphene–based materials with high adsorption capacity to heavy metals in the tobacco industry in the future.

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Zhang, Nan, Pu Liu, Ben Quan Fu, and Li Na Wang. "Preparation of Nanometer Titanium Dioxide Adsorbent and its Application in Industrial Wastewater Treatment." Advanced Materials Research 573-574 (October 2012): 521–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.573-574.521.

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In this paper, nanometer titanium dioxide was synthesized by a simple reaction. The prepared adsorbent was characterized by surface area and porosimetry analyzer and it was used for the removal of heave metals in industrial wastewater. The main parameters affecting the adsorption of heavy metals including pH, adsorption condition and elution condition have been investigated in detail. Under the optimized operating conditions, most of the target heavy metals could be fast removed. The adsorbent could be simply regenerated by hydrochloric acid. Thus, the prepared nanometer titanium dioxide was an adsorbent which is suitable for the removal of heavy metals in industrial wastewater.

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Birgėlaitė, Rūta, Vaidotas Valskys, and Gytautas Ignatavičius. "USE OF SAPROPEL FOR REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS FROM SOLUTION / SILICINIO SAPROPELIO NAUDOJIMAS SUNKIESIEMS METALAMS ŠALINTI IŠ TIRPALO." Mokslas – Lietuvos ateitis 8, no. 4 (October 24, 2016): 388–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2016.946.

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Abundant resources, natural and organic material – sapropel containing a multitude of different chemical elements has a great potential to be used in different areas, but for now these rich resources are not widely used because of different chemical composition of sapropel research is very few. The article deals with silicon sapropel as a sorbent is able to absorb heavy metals from the solution depending on the time and the concentration of heavy metals in the solution. The sorption studies of heavy metal concentrations were measured in dry sapropel sample using Thermo Scientific Niton® XL2 series of X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XPS). Also, the heavy metal concentrations in solution were measured by atomic absorption spectrometer AAnalyst 200 (AAS). Get sapropel sorption capacity results are analyzed through absorption capacity curves and Matala ion removal efficiency curves. Also, comparing the results with the initial concentration of heavy metals sapropel and foreign authors used sorbent properties. After thorough research sapropel sorption capacity can be added to the knowledge of sapropel properties utilization. Gausūs natūralios organinės medžiagos – sapropelio, kurio sudėtyje yra daug įvairių cheminių elementų, – ištekliai turi didelį potencialą būti panaudoti įvairiose srityse. Šiuo metu šie gausūs ištekliai nėra plačiai naudojami, nes atlikta labai nedaug sapropelio įvairios cheminės sudėties tyrimų. Straipsnyje nagrinėjama silicinio sapropelio kaip sorbento geba sorbuoti sunkiuosius metalus iš tirpalo, priklausomai nuo laiko ir sunkiųjų metalų koncentracijos tirpale. Atlikus sorbcijos tyrimus, sunkiųjų metalų koncentracijos matuotos sausame sapropelio mėginyje, naudojant Thermo Scientific Niton® XL2 serijos rentgeno spindulių fluorescencinį spektrometrą (RFS). Taip pat sunkiųjų metalų koncentracijos matuotos tirpale naudojant atominės absorbcijos spektrometrą AAnalyst 200 (AAS). AAS tyrimus atliko atestuota UAB „Vilniaus vandenys“ geriamojo vandens laboratorija. Gauti sapropelio sorbcinės talpos tyrimų rezultatai analizuojami sudarant adsorbcinės talpos kreives bei metalo jonų pašalinimo efektyvumo kreives. Taip pat rezultatai buvo palyginti su pradine sunkiųjų metalų koncentracija sapropelyje ir užsienio autorių naudotų sorbentų sorbcinėmis savybėmis. Atlikus tyrimus gautas 97,4 % sorbento-sapropelio pašalinimo efektyvumas sorbuojant šviną ir 97,24 % sorbuojant cinką. Tyrimų rezultatų paklaida patikrinta lyginant išmatuotą sorbento talpą su apskaičiuotąja. Švino adsorbcinės talpos paklaida siekia 4–9 mg/kg, o cinko 1–14 mg/kg.

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Irfan, Sufia, and Aishah AlAtawi. "Eichhoria crassipes (Mart.) Solms. Application of Macrophyte in Heavy Metals Removal." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 11, no. 4 (December 30, 2017): 1737–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.11.4.12.

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Sabat, Sasmita, R. V. Kavitha R V Kavitha, Shantha S. L. Shantha S L, Gopika Nair, Megha Ganesh, Niranjana Chandroth, and V. Krishna Murthy. "Biosorption: An Eco-Friendly Technique for the Removal of Heavy Metals." Indian Journal of Applied Research 2, no. 3 (October 1, 2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/dec2012/1.

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Mudhoo, Ackmez, Vinod K. Garg, and Shaobin Wang. "Removal of heavy metals by biosorption." Environmental Chemistry Letters 10, no. 2 (December 20, 2011): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10311-011-0342-2.

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Miskelly, A., and A. H. Scragg. "Removal of heavy metals by microalgae." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 37, no. 3-4 (January 1996): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0964-8305(96)88278-3.

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Aulenbach, Donald B., Michael A. Meyer, Eileen Beckwith, Shrikant Joshi, Chittibabu Vasudevan, and Nicholas L. Clesceri. "Removal of heavy metals in POTW." Environmental Progress 6, no. 2 (May 1987): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ep.670060210.

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10

Xu, Zhong Hui, Dong Wei Li, and Xi Peng. "Species Distribution of Heavy Metals in Enhanced Electrokinetic Removal Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 910–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.910.

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In this study, in order to evaluate the migration of heavy metals in enhanced electrokinetic removal，visual minteq was adopted to calculate the species distribution of heavy metals in different pH. Most of the heavy metals except arsenic generated the enrichment near the cathode area. Arsenate always existed as anion such as AsO43-、H2AsO4-、HAsO42-. Near the alkaline area ,the main form of heavy metals were alkali metal hydroxides and seriously restricted the migration and removal of heavy metals. The addition of potassium tetroxalate did not change the species distribution of heavy metals obviously.The nitric acid was more efficient than potassium tetroxalate to condition enhanced electrokinetic removal. Nevertheless ,both of two enhancement still need to be impoved to promote the removal efficiency.

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11

GA, Al Bazedi. "Hydroxyapatite-Based Materials for Heavy Metal Removal in Wastewater Treatment." Petroleum & Petrochemical Engineering Journal 4, no. 2 (2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ppej-16000227.

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Nowadays, undisputable environmental pollution requests endeavors to treat wastewater, particularly containing heavy metal, where wastewater treatment technologies are improving hastily. Hydroxyapatite with micro-porous structure and the large surface area turns into an intense research topic as of its high adsorption capacity. Environmentally friendly Hydroxyapatite powder with the large specific surface is a promising cost-effective precipitation method, for the removal of heavy metals (Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) from wastewater. Different studies have revealed the efficient removal of all metals using hydroxyapatite or by modified HA using zeolite or chitosan. The increase of Ca2+ ions content in the treated water suggests an ion exchange mechanism

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12

Aliaguilla, Martí, Daniele Molognoni, Pau Bosch-Jimenez, and Eduard Borràs. "Versatile Bioelectrochemical system for heavy metals removal." E3S Web of Conferences 334 (2022): 08006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202233408006.

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Industrial activity has resulted in heavy metals anthropogenic contamination of groundwater, especially in industrial or mining areas. Bioelectrochemical systems (BES) can be used for metals removal and recovery from aqueous solutions. In the framework of GREENER project, double-chamber BES have been adopted to treat groundwater from industrial sites containing copper, nickel and zinc (Cu, Ni and Zn), among other contaminants. Two operation modes, (i) short-circuited microbial fuel cell (MFC), and (ii) power supply driven microbial electrolysis cell (MEC, poisoning the cathode at -0.4 V vs. Ag/AgCl), were studied for metals removal at lab-scale. Two control reactors were run to evaluate metals adsorption on cathodes and membranes, and the effect of anolyte composition. Synthetic water containing different concentrations of Cu, Ni and Zn were treated, and metals removal pathways were studied. MEC and MFC performed similarly and the highest removal efficiencies were 97.1±3.6%, 50.7±6% and 74,5% for Cu, Ni and Zn respectively, from initial concentrations in the range of 1.1-1.5 mM.

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13

Renu, Madhu Agarwal, and K. Singh. "Heavy metal removal from wastewater using various adsorbents: a review." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 7, no. 4 (November 3, 2016): 387–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2016.104.

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Heavy metals are discharged into water from various industries. They can be toxic or carcinogenic in nature and can cause severe problems for humans and aquatic ecosystems. Thus, the removal of heavy metals from wastewater is a serious problem. The adsorption process is widely used for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater because of its low cost, availability and eco-friendly nature. Both commercial adsorbents and bioadsorbents are used for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater, with high removal capacity. This review article aims to compile scattered information on the different adsorbents that are used for heavy metal removal and to provide information on the commercially available and natural bioadsorbents used for removal of chromium, cadmium and copper, in particular.

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14

Fuerhacker, Maria, Tadele Measho Haile, Daniel Kogelnig, Anja Stojanovic, and Bernhard Keppler. "Application of ionic liquids for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater and activated sludge." Water Science and Technology 65, no. 10 (May 1, 2012): 1765–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.907.

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This paper presents the results of adsorption studies on the removal of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb and Zn) from standard solutions, real wastewater samples and activated sewage sludge using a new technique of liquid–liquid extraction using quaternary ammonium and phosphonium ionic liquids (ILs). Batch sorption experiments were conducted using the ILs [PR4][TS], [PR4][MTBA], [A336][TS] and [A336][MTBA]. Removal of these heavy metals from standard solutions were not effective, however removal of heavy metals from the industrial effluents/wastewater treatment plants were satisfactory, indicating that the removal depends mainly on the composition of the wastewater and cannot be predicted with standard solutions. Removal of heavy metals from activated sludge proved to be more successful than conventional methods such as incineration, acid extraction, thermal treatment, etc. For the heavy metals Cu, Ni and Zn, ≥90% removal was achieved.

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Alfadaly, Reham A., Ashraf Elsayed, Rabeay Y. A. Hassan, Ahmed Noureldeen, Hadeer Darwish, and Ahmed S. Gebreil. "Microbial Sensing and Removal of Heavy Metals: Bioelectrochemical Detection and Removal of Chromium(VI) and Cadmium(II)." Molecules 26, no. 9 (April 27, 2021): 2549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092549.

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The presence of inorganic pollutants such as Cadmium(II) and Chromium(VI) could destroy our environment and ecosystem. To overcome this problem, much attention was directed to microbial technology, whereas some microorganisms could resist the toxic effects and decrease pollutants concentration while the microbial viability is sustained. Therefore, we built up a complementary strategy to study the biofilm formation of isolated strains under the stress of heavy metals. As target resistive organisms, Rhizobium-MAP7 and Rhodotorula ALT72 were identified. However, Pontoea agglumerans strains were exploited as the susceptible organism to the heavy metal exposure. Among the methods of sensing and analysis, bioelectrochemical measurements showed the most effective tools to study the susceptibility and resistivity to the heavy metals. The tested Rhizobium strain showed higher ability of removal of heavy metals and more resistive to metals ions since its cell viability was not strongly inhibited by the toxic metal ions over various concentrations. On the other hand, electrochemically active biofilm exhibited higher bioelectrochemical signals in presence of heavy metals ions. So by using the two strains, especially Rhizobium-MAP7, the detection and removal of heavy metals Cr(VI) and Cd(II) is highly supported and recommended.

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Koc-Jurczyk, Justyna. "MICROBIAL REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS FROM WASTEWATER." Inżynieria Ekologiczna 34 (2013): 166–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.12912/23920629/330.

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Al Anbari, R. H., S. M. Alfatlawi, and J. H. Albaidhani. "Removal of Some Heavy Metals by Electrocoagulation." Advanced Materials Research 468-471 (February 2012): 2882–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.468-471.2882.

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Heavy metal removal by electrocoagulation using iron electrodes material was investigated in this paper. Several working parameters, such as pH, current density and heavy metal ions concentration were studied in an attempt to achieve a higher removal capacity. A simple and efficient treatment process for removal of heavy metals is essentially necessary. The performance of continuous flow electrocoagulation system, with reactor consists of a ladder series of twelve electrolytic cells, each cell containing stainless steel cathode and iron anode. The treatment of synthetic solutions containing Zn 2+,Cu 2+,Ni 2+,Cr 3+,Cd 2+ and Co 2+ ,has been investigated. Results showed that iron is very effective as sacrificial electrode material for heavy metals removal efficiency and cost points. Also it was concluded that the chromium has lower efficient removal as compared to zinc, copper and nickel. At the same time cadmium and cobalt have minimum removal efficiency.

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Chen, S. Y., W. H. Chen, and C. J. Shih. "Heavy metal removal from wastewater using zero-valent iron nanoparticles." Water Science and Technology 58, no. 10 (November 1, 2008): 1947–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.556.

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Because of having a high reduction potential, the zero-valent iron (ZVI) is often applied for the remediation of wastewater or groundwater with heavy metals. The purpose of this study was aimed to investigate the reaction behavior of heavy metals with ZVI nanoparticles in the wastewater. The affecting factors, such as initial pH, dosage of nanoscale ZVI and initial concentration of heavy metal, on the removal efficiency of heavy metals by ZVI in the wastewater were examined by the batch experiments in this study. It was found that the removal of heavy metals was affected by initial pH. The rate and efficiency of metal removal increased with decreasing initial pH. Greater than 90% of the heavy metals were removed when the initial pH was controlled at 2. In addition, the rate and efficiency of metal removal increased as the dosage of nanoscale ZVI increased. The removal efficiency of heavy metal was higher than 80% when 2.0 g/L of ZVI was added in the wastewater. On the other hand, the slow rate and low efficiency of metal removal from the wastewater treated by nanoscale ZVI was found in the wastewater with high concentration of heavy metal.

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Rababah, Abdellah, and Ahmad Al-Shuha. "Hydroponics reducing effluent's heavy metals discharge." Water Science and Technology 59, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.736.

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This paper investigates the capacity of Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) to control effluent's heavy metals discharge. A commercial hydroponic system was adapted to irrigate lettuces with primary treated wastewater for studying the potential heavy metals removal. A second commercial hydroponic system was used to irrigate the same type of lettuces with nutrient solution and this system was used as a control. Results showed that lettuces grew well when irrigated with primary treated effluent in the commercial hydroponic system. The NFT-plant system heavy metals removal efficiency varied amongst the different elements, The system's removal efficiency for Cr was more than 92%, Ni more than 85%, in addition to more than 60% reduction of B, Pb, and Zn. Nonetheless, the NFT-plants system removal efficiencies for As, Cd and Cu were lower than 30%. Results show that lettuces accumulated heavy metals in leaves at concentrations higher than the maximum acceptable European and Australian levels. Therefore, non-edible plants such as flowers or pyrethrum are recommended as value added crops for the proposed NFT.

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Chen, Zhao Ping, Ying Wang, and Hang Yu Gu. "Modification of Sepiolite and its Ability to Remove Heavy Metals." Advanced Materials Research 508 (April 2012): 200–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.508.200.

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The modification method and its eftect on the behavior of sepiolite, especially its ability to remove heavy metals, have be reaen systematically studied. Different pretreatment methods have led to various surface structures, which resulted in various effects on removal heavy metals. The processes of modification and removal of heavy metals have been optimized. The highest removal rate for Pb canch more than 96%.

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Acosta-Rodríguez, Ismael, Juan F. Cárdenas-González, Adriana S. Rodríguez Pérez, Juana Tovar Oviedo, and Víctor M. Martínez-Juárez. "Bioremoval of Different Heavy Metals by the Resistant Fungal StrainAspergillus niger." Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications 2018 (November 1, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3457196.

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The objective of this work was to study the resistance and removal capacity of heavy metals by the fungusAspergillus niger. We analyzed the resistance to some heavy metals by dry weight and plate: the fungus grew in 2000 ppm of zinc, lead, and mercury, 1200 and 1000 ppm of arsenic (III) and (VI), 800 ppm of fluor and cobalt, and least in cadmium (400 ppm). With respect to their potential of removal of heavy metals, this removal was achieved for zinc (100%), mercury (83.2%), fluor (83%), cobalt (71.4%), fairly silver (48%), and copper (37%). The ideal conditions for the removal of 100 mg/L of the heavy metals were 28°C, pH between 4.0 and 5.5, 100 ppm of heavy metal, and 1 g of fungal biomass.

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Ameri, maryam, Neda Soltani, ladan baftehchi, mehdi bolfion, Seyedeh Mehri Javadi, Ghassam Jalali, Mehruz Dezfulian, and behnaz bagheri. "Adsorptive Removal of Heavy Metals by Microalgae." Journal of Phycological Research 3, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 326–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/jpr.3.1.326.

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23

J. Shadhan, Zainab, and Mohammed N. Abbas. "REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS FROM REFINERIES WASTEWATER." Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development 25, Special (September 20, 2021): 3–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.conf.2.3.9.

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In this study, the adsorption method was investigated for removing vanadium (V+5), nickel (Ni+2) and cadmium (Cd+2) ions from aqueous solutions contaminated with these metals, which simulate the polluting metals of the liquid wastewater of oil refineries in three Iraqi refineries, namely the Kirkuk refinery - Kirkuk governorate in northern Iraq, and the Doura refinery - Baghdad in central Iraq and Al-Shuaiba refinery in Basra Governorate, southern Iraq. Three types of pre-prepared common adsorbents were used, which are activated carbon, alumina, and white eggshells in a batch mode unit. The results obtained from the study showed that 5 was the best acidic function (pH) for removing vanadium and cadmium by using all adsorbent materials, while the acidic function with a value of 6 was the optimum in the case of nickel. Likewise, the equilibrium concentration with the activated carbon only reached 150 ppm for vanadium and cadmium and 100 ppm for elemental nickel. The nickel equilibrium concentration reached 90 and 75 ppm using alumina and white eggshells respectively. The equilibrium concentrations of vanadium were 100 for the rest of the substances. The results obtained also showed that increasing the agitation speed leads to enhancing the removal efficiency within less than 400 rpm and with a best contact time was 150 minute under ambient temperature and with an amount of adsorbent ranged between 0.3 - 0.7 g of different adsorbent.

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priya, R. Banu, G. Reshma, M. Suguna, T. Yasika, and A. Sandhiya. "REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS BY SURFACE ASSIMILATIVE." International Journal of Advanced Research 5, no. 3 (March 31, 2017): 618–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/3552.

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Huang, C. P., and Oliver J. Hao. "Removal of some heavy metals by mordenite." Environmental Technology Letters 10, no. 10 (October 1989): 863–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593338909384808.

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White, D. A., and G. Athanasiou. "Removal of Heavy Metals Using Magnetic Flocs." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 78, no. 2 (March 2000): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/095758200530538.

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Ahmed Mahmoud Ibrahim Mahmoud, Amany. "Removal of Heavy Metals from Liquid Wastes." American Journal of Chemical Engineering 4, no. 4 (2016): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20160404.12.

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Lee, Chan-Ki, Hae-Suk Kim, and Jae-Hyuk Kwon. "THE REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS USING HYDROXYAPATITE." Environmental Engineering Research 10, no. 5 (October 31, 2005): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/eer.2005.10.5.205.

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Velkova, Zdravka, Gergana Kirova, Margarita Stoytcheva, Sonia Kostadinova, Kostadinka Todorova, and Velizar Gochev. "Immobilized microbial biosorbents for heavy metals removal." Engineering in Life Sciences 18, no. 12 (August 20, 2018): 871–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elsc.201800017.

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PARK, Heung Jai, Seong Wook JEONG, Jae Kyu YANG, Boo Gil KIM, and Seung Mok LEE. "Removal of heavy metals using waste eggshell." Journal of Environmental Sciences 19, no. 12 (January 2007): 1436–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1001-0742(07)60234-4.

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Racho, Patcharin, and Weesuda Waiwong. "Modified textile waste for heavy metals removal." Energy Reports 6 (February 2020): 927–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2019.12.017.

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Prasetyaningrum, Aji, Dessy Ariyanti, Widayat Widayat, and Bakti Jos. "Copper and Lead Ions Removal by Electrocoagulation: Process Performance and Implications for Energy Consumption." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 10, no. 3 (January 20, 2021): 415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2021.31665.

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Electroplating wastewater contains high amount of heavy metals that can cause serious problems to humans and the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to remove heavy metals from electroplating wastewater. The aim of this research was to examine the electrocoagulation (EC) process for removing the copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) ions from wastewater using aluminum electrodes. It also analyzes the removal efficiency and energy requirement rate of the EC method for heavy metals removal from wastewater. Regarding this matter, the operational parameters of the EC process were varied, including time (20−40 min), current density (40−80 A/m2), pH (3−11), and initial concentration of heavy metals. The concentration of heavy metals ions was analyzed using the atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) method. The results showed that the concentration of lead and copper ions decreased with the increase in EC time. The current density was observed as a notable parameter. High current density has an effect on increasing energy consumption. On the other hand, the performance of the electrocoagulation process decreased at low pH. The higher initial concentration of heavy metals resulted in higher removal efficiency than the lower concentration. The removal efficiency of copper and lead ions was 89.88% and 98.76%, respectively, at 40 min with electrocoagulation treatment of 80 A/m2 current density and pH 9. At this condition, the speciﬁc amounts of dissolved electrodes were 0.2201 kg/m3, and the energy consumption was 21.6 kWh/m3. The kinetic study showed that the removal of the ions follows the first-order model.

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Lombardo, Andrew W., and Frank A. Brigano. "Designing Filtration Systems to Remove Heavy Metals from Water." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 23, no. 01n02 (March 2014): 1420008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156414200080.

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The electronics industry uses high volumes of heavy metals in its production processes. Many of these heavy metals can end up in water and can be very difficult to remove due to the different forms that the heavy metal can exist in. Special design characteristics should be used to produce filters to remove heavy metals. In this study, we identify the different species of heavy metals and describe a method that has been tested for removing all types of species for heavy metals from water. This filtration technique utilizes multiple layers to ensure the removal of soluble, insoluble and complex species of heavy metals in water. The testing was done with a complex solution of lead according to NSF/American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standard 53 for the removal of lead at pH 8.5, using a combination of soluble, particulate and semi-insoluble lead. Filters were compared to standard, commercially available, gravity pitcher filters. The testing showed that the newly designed filter removed over 80 gallons of lead below the drinking water limit, compared to a standard filter which failed immediately. When trying to remove heavy metals from water, special care needs to be used in the design of the system to ensure the removal of all species of heavy metals.

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Izatt, R. M., R. L. Bruening, and M. B. Borup. "Heavy Metal Removal Using Bound Macrocycles." Water Science and Technology 23, no. 1-3 (January 1, 1991): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0428.

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Aza macrocycles bound to silica gel beads were found to selectively remove heavy metal cations such as Pb2+, Cd2+, Ag+, and Hg2+ from aqueous solutions. These bound macrocycles have a virtually infinite selectivity of binding with heavy metals over alkali and alkaline earth cations. The material is very stable and can be reused hundreds of times. Columns may be regenerated using an acidic eluent solution. Equilibrium constants were determined by column tests. Removal of heavy metals was demonstrated in bench scale tests using a synthetic contaminated water and in pilot scale tests using a naturally contaminated river water. Heavy metal concentrations could be effectively reduced to the µg/L level using the process.

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Senila, Marin, Emilia Neag, Oana Cadar, Emoke Dalma Kovacs, Ioan Aschilean, and Melinda Haydee Kovacs. "Simultaneous Removal of Heavy Metals (Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn and Pb) from Aqueous Solutions Using Thermally Treated Romanian Zeolitic Volcanic Tuff." Molecules 27, no. 12 (June 20, 2022): 3938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27123938.

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Increased concentrations of heavy metals in the environment are of public health concern, their removal from waters receiving considerable interest. The aim of this paper was to study the simultaneous adsorption of heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn and Pb) from aqueous solutions using the zeolitic volcanic tuffs as adsorbents. The effect of thermal treatment temperature, particle size and initial metal concentrations on the metal ions sorption was investigated. The selectivity of used zeolite for the adsorption of studied heavy metals followed the order: Pb > Cr > Cu > Zn > Cd > Ni. The removal efficiency of the heavy metals was strongly influenced by the particle sizes, the samples with smaller particle size (0–0.05 mm) being more efficient in heavy metals removal than those with larger particle size (1–3 mm). Generally, no relevant changes were observed in heavy metals removal efficiency for the treatment temperatures of 200 °C and 350 °C. Moreover, at a higher temperature (550 °C), a decrease in the removal efficiencies was observed. The Cd, Zn, Cu, Cr, Zn and Ni sorption was best described by Langmuir model according to the high values of correlation coefficient. The pseudo-first-order kinetic model presented the best correlation of the experimental data.

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Othman, N., A. S. Che-Azhar, and A. Suhaimi. "Zinc Removal Using Honey Dew Rind." Applied Mechanics and Materials 680 (October 2014): 150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.680.150.

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Heavy metals pollution in wastewater from agriculture and industrial waste has been a great concern due to their toxic condition and adverse effect to the environment and human life. One of the treatment of heavy metals through biosorption. In this study, zinc is the highest concentration heavy metal in mosaics wastewater with 350 - 450 mg/L and thus, it has been selected for further study for heavy metals removal. Honeydew rind was used as biosorbent material to remove zinc in the wastewater. Characterization and optimization study were carried out. The optimum condition for pH, biosorbent amount, concentration of wastewater and contact time are at pH 6, 1.5g adsorbent, 400 mg/L zinc and 30 minutes contact time respectively 63% zic removal. This finding indicates that honeydew rind is effectively acted as biosorbent in biosorption process for removing zinc from wastewater.

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Gao, Lidi, Naoki Kano, Yuichi Sato, Chong Li, Shuang Zhang, and Hiroshi Imaizumi. "Behavior and Distribution of Heavy Metals Including Rare Earth Elements, Thorium, and Uranium in Sludge from Industry Water Treatment Plant and Recovery Method of Metals by Biosurfactants Application." Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/173819.

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In order to investigate the behavior, distribution, and characteristics of heavy metals including rare earth elements (REEs), thorium (Th), and uranium (U) in sludge, the total and fractional concentrations of these elements in sludge collected from an industry water treatment plant were determined and compared with those in natural soil. In addition, the removal/recovery process of heavy metals (Pb, Cr, and Ni) from the polluted sludge was studied with biosurfactant (saponin and sophorolipid) elution by batch and column experiments to evaluate the efficiency of biosurfactant for the removal of heavy metals. Consequently, the following matters have been largely clarified. (1) Heavy metallic elements in sludge have generally larger concentrations and exist as more unstable fraction than those in natural soil. (2) Nonionic saponin including carboxyl group is more efficient than sophorolipid for the removal of heavy metals in polluted sludge. Saponin has selectivity for the mobilization of heavy metals and mainly reacts with heavy metals in F3 (the fraction bound to carbonates) and F5 (the fraction bound to Fe-Mn oxides). (3) The recovery efficiency of heavy metals (Pb, Ni, and Cr) reached about 90–100% using a precipitation method with alkaline solution.

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Ogbuagu, Dike Henry. "APPLICATION OF BIOFILMS IN REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS FROM WASTEWATER IN STATIC CONDITION." Biotechnologia Acta 11, no. 3 (June 2018): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/biotech11.03.047.

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Zaimee, Muhammad Zaim Anaqi, Mohd Sani Sarjadi, and Md Lutfor Rahman. "Heavy Metals Removal from Water by Efficient Adsorbents." Water 13, no. 19 (September 27, 2021): 2659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13192659.

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Natural occurrence and anthropogenic practices contribute to the release of pollutants, specifically heavy metals, in water over the years. Therefore, this leads to a demand of proper water treatment to minimize the harmful effects of the toxic heavy metals in water, so that a supply of clean water can be distributed into the environment or household. This review highlights several water treatment methods that can be used in removing heavy metal from water. Among various treatment methods, the adsorption process is considered as one of the highly effective treatments of heavy metals and the functionalization of adsorbents can fully enhance the adsorption process. Therefore, four classes of adsorbent sources are highlighted: polymeric, natural mineral, industrial by-product, and carbon nanomaterial adsorbent. The major purpose of this review is to gather up-to-date information on research and development on various adsorbents in the treatment of heavy metal from water by emphasizing the adsorption capability, effect of pH, isotherm and kinetic model, removal efficiency and the contact of time of every adsorbent.

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Ademola, Ajayi-Banji, Ogunlela Ayo, and Ogunwande Gbolabo. "Investigation of locust bean husk char adsorbability in heavy metal removal." Research in Agricultural Engineering 63, No. 1 (March 28, 2017): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/44/2015-rae.

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he column adsorption study examines irrigation water treatment prior to its application in order to ensure water-crop-consumer heavy metal transfer reduction to the safe level using locust bean husk char (LBHC) as biosorbent. Char structural pattern was investigated with SEM-EDX machine. Contaminated surface water was introduced simultaneously into the bioreactors containing 100 and 200 g of LBHC and collected after 30, 60, 90 120 and 150 min of detention time. Removal efficiency, isotherm and kinetic sorption model were the evaluation tools for the study. Percent of Cr, Cd and As removal at 150 min retention time were 83.33, 100 and 100%, respectively for 100 g biosorbents. A similar trend was observed for Cr and As removal at the same retention time for 200 g of LBHC. Metals sorption conforms to the Freundlich isotherm with correlation coefficient values greater than 0.92. Experimental kinetics had a good fit for pseudo second order (R<sup>2</sup> > 0.94 for most cases). Removal efficiency is a function of contact time, biosorbent dosage and metal concerned. Locust bean husk char has good and effective treatability for some heavy metals in mildly polluted water.

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Liu, Wei Feng, Xue Wei Li, Wen Bo Dong, Le Bo, Yi Min Zhu, and Ling Hua Zhang. "Adsorption of Heavy Metals Using γ-PGA Produced by Bacillus pumilus ." Materials Science Forum 932 (September 2018): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.932.124.

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Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) produced by Bacillus pumilus C2 was employed to remove heavy metals from sewage of magnesium - based exhaust gas cleaning system (Mg-EGCS). The components of heavy metals in the sewage were detailed analyzed. On the base of the analytical results, the effects of addition amount of γ-PGA, adsorption time, temperature and NaCl concentration on the removal efficiency of typical heavy metals were further investigated. The optimal removal rates of heavy metals were obtained at the γ-PGA dosage of 9 g/L and adsorption duration of 30 min. The γ-PGA had excellent tolerance for high temperatures up to 80°C and exhibited steady heavy metal removal efficiency in NaCl concentrations of 0 – 24%. Under the optimal conditions, the removal rates of Zn, Cr, V, Cd, Pb and Ni by γ-PGA in a real sewage of Mg-EGCS achieved 53.6%, 100%, 49.2%, 72.7%, 33.7% and 39.9% respectively.

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Radu, Violeta Monica, Petra Ionescu, Elena Diacu, and Alexandru Anton Ivanov. "Removal of Heavy Metals from Aquatic Environments Using Water Hyacinth and Water Lettuce." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 12 (January 15, 2018): 2765–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.12.5973.

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The quality of the aquatic environment was strongly influenced by the development of urbanization, industrialization and population growth, and therefore water pollution, mainly due to the presence of heavy metal, becoming a widespread concern. The objective of this work was to evaluate the possibility to remove heavy metals Cd, Zn, Cr and Ni from wastewater using two aquatic plants, water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) and water lettuce (Pistia stratiottes). These plants possess excellent abilities to metabolize and bioaccumulate heavy metals from various polluted aquatic environments. For a period of 30 days, the content of heavy metals from wastewater and aquatic plants samples was monitored weakly and the efficacy of these plants to remove heavy metals was quantified. Heavy metals were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry with graphite furnace (GFAAS). The obtained results have shown the efficacy of Eichornia crassipes and Pistia stratiottes to remove metals from the studied wastewater. The bioaccumulation rate of heavy metals in plants was effective until day 24 of the period of 30 days of the experiment, as the plants become inefficient beyond this period. The uptake of heavy metals in the studied aquatic plants depends on the concentration of each heavy metal present in the used wastewater and the exposure time.

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Ha, Sang An, and Jei Pil Wang. "Derivation of Optimum Study Factors for Samples Contaminated with Cd Using Electric/Magnetic Field and ORP." Advanced Materials Research 813 (September 2013): 519–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.813.519.

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A purpose of the present study is to derive optimum study factors for removal of heavy metals using combined alternating current electric/magnetic field and electric membranes for the area contaminated with heavy metals in soil or underground water. ORP (Oxidation Reduction Potential) analysis was conducted to determine an intensity of tendency for oxidation or reduction of the samples contaminated with heavy metals, and electrical membrane treatment was used with adjustment of concentrations and voltages of liquid electrode (Na2SO4) to derive a high removal rate. Removal constants were analyzed to be 0.0417, 0.119, 0.1594 when the voltages were 5V, 10V, 15V, respectively, and treatment efficiency was shown to increase as the liquid electrode concentration was increased. Keywords: heavy metals, electric/magnetic field, ORP, electrical membrane

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Selvaraj, Suresh, S. Ravichandran, S. R. Boselin Prabhu, G. K. Prashanth, and H. M. Sathyananda. "Novel Foam Adsorbents in Dyes and Heavy Metals Removal: A Review." Asian Journal of Chemistry 33, no. 3 (2021): 499–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2021.22987.

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The present review comprises various novel foam adsorbents with unique adsorption performance in process of removal of dyes and heavy metals. Water pollution because of toxic dyes and heavy metals and its ill-effect on the ecosystem is of great concern to researchers, as it affects the living creatures on the planet. Novel foam adsorbents from carbon foam, chitosan foam, metal foam and polymer foam were developed as efficient materials with good chelating ability to adsorb dyes and heavy metal ions. Novel carbon foam adsorbents were reported to have superior adsorption capacity in removal of dyes and heavy metals. This review aims to look at various novel foam adsorbents used in adsorption studies and their potential in dyes and heavy metals removal. This work provides a worthy challenge and the future possibility for designing novel foam materials for various applications.

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Hui, Khee Chung, Norashikin Ahmad Kamal, Nonni Soraya Sambudi, and Muhammad Roil Bilad. "Magnetic Hydroxyapatite for Batch Adsorption of Heavy Metals." E3S Web of Conferences 287 (2021): 04005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128704005.

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In this work, magnetic hydroxyapatite or hydroxyapatite-iron (III) oxide (HAp-Fe3O4) composite was used as the adsorbent of heavy metals and the performance was evaluated using the batch test. The presence of heavy metals in the effluent from wastewater discharge can be toxic to many organisms and can even lead to eye burns. Therefore, hydroxyapatite synthesized from the chemical precipitation of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and diammonium hydrogen phosphate solutions is used to remove heavy metal in aqueous media. Magnetic properties of Fe3O4 can help prevent formation of secondary pollutants caused by the loss of adsorbent. The synthesized HAp-Fe3O4 can remove cadmium, zinc and lead effectively, which is up to 90% removal. Reusability study shows that the adsorbent could retain heavy metal ions even after four cycles. The percentage removal of heavy metals maintains at around 80% after four times of usage. The composite of HAp-Fe3O4 demonstrates good performance and stability which is beneficial for heavy metal removal in the future.

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Nasir Khan, Shahbaz, Mohammad Mohsin, and Muhammad Farooq Anwar. "EFFICIENT REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS BY PHYTOREMEDIATION TECHNIQUES." Journal CleanWAS 6, no. 2 (2022): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2022.62.65.

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Direct and indirect disposal of different wastes either due to some accidental spillage or due to practicing of sewage sludge to agricultural fields for diverse reasons in the water reservoirs contributes towards contamination of our ecosystem. Physical removal or immobilization is required for making soil and water contaminant-free from such kind of heavy metals. The Earth crust is mainly composed of these heavy metals and as they are non-degradable in nature, so there is a greater risk of their entrance into the food web and lead to various health hazards. Phytoremediation is an innovative, environment friendly, cost-effective, and aesthetically pleasing approach to remove/immobilize heavy metals. Processes mainly involves the detoxification, removal, or stabilization of retentive pollutants via utilization of vegetation and is a green environmental-friendly tool for cleaning polluted soils. It is a broad-spectrum remediation mechanism in which several processes are involved as mentioned here includes phyto-stabilization, rhizo-filtration, rhizo-degradation, phyto-degradation, phyto-extraction, and phyto-volatilization. Use of aromatic non-edible plants is sustainable and the best treatment approach for the elimination of toxic metals. These plants are not removed directly by humans or animals like non-aromatic edible crops such as cereals, pulses, or vegetables. This research is entirely based on qualitative analysis with descriptive approach. The crops like mustard plant, sunflower, rapeseed etc. are effectively put in an application at sites with superficial contamination of organic or inorganic contaminants via the above-mentioned six techniques. Phytoremediation is a reliable reclaiming treatment and hence the most demanding remediation technology in the world.

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Gomelya, N. D., O. V. Hlushko, G. G. Trohymenko, and L. I. Butchenko. "ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS IONS FROM MURIATIC SOLUTIONS." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 1 (March 20, 2017): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.1.2017.07.

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The results of research on the electrochemical processing of acidic regeneration solutions containing heavy metals ions are presented. The use of a three-cell electrolyzer makes it possible to efficiently extract zinc, copper and nickel ions from muriatic solutions and to concentrate hydrochloric acid in the cell’s intermediate chamber. The paper studies the dependence of the current yield of heavy metals on the concentration of hydrochloric acid, the initial concentration of heavy metals in the cathode chamber, the duration of electrolysis and the concentration of hydrochloric acid in its concentrating zone. The yield of copper and zinc decreases with increasing of acidity in the initial solutions and in the intermediate chamber of the cell. The current yield of nickel is determined to be little depended on the initial concentration of hydrochloric acid. The results on the concentration of hydrochloric acid, depending on the duration of electrolysis, the initial concentration of acid and heavy metals in the catholyte are presented. Bibl. 9, Fig. 9.

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Szyłak-Szydłowski, Mirosław. "Effectiveness of Removal of Humic Substances and Heavy Metals from Landfill Leachates During their Pretreatment Process in the SBR Reactor." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 19, no. 3 (January 1, 2012): 405–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10216-011-0030-y.

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Effectiveness of Removal of Humic Substances and Heavy Metals from Landfill Leachates During their Pretreatment Process in the SBR ReactorIn the paper the removal efficiency of heavy metals as well as humic compounds, in the treatment of leachate mixed with municipal waste in a sequencing batch reactor was studied. Also, the accumulation of those metals in the activated sludge was examined. It has been shown that the removal efficiency of contamination with humic compounds, forBxranging from 0.23 to 0.45 mg COD mg-1d.m. can reach 71÷74%. An increase in the concentrations of heavy metals in the activated sludge was recorded forBxin the range 0.23÷1.64 mg COD mg-1d.m. The amount of heavy metals in the effluent of the SBR in carrying out the process atBx= 0.23÷0.96 mg COD mg-1d.m. does not limit their discharge into water and sewer system.

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Yusoff, Abdul Hafidz, Rosmawani Mohammad, Mardawani Mohamad, Ahmad Ziad Sulaiman, Nurul Akmar Che Zaudin, Nursyahida Rosmadi, Fakihin Aqsa, Mahani Yusoff, and Pao Ter Teo. "Potential of Agricultural Waste Material (Ananas cosmos) as Biosorbent for Heavy Metal Removal in Polluted Water." Materials Science Forum 1010 (September 2020): 489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1010.489.

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Conventional methods to remove heavy metals from polluted water are expensive and not environmentally friendly. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the potential of agricultural waste such as pineapple peel (Ananas Cosmos) as low-cost absorbent to remove heavy metals from synthetic polluted water. The results showed that Cd, Cr and Pb were effectively removed by the biosorbent at 12g of pineapple peels in 100 mL solution. The optimum contact time for maximum adsorption was found to be 90 minutes, while the optimum pH for the heavy metal’s adsorption was 9. It was demonstrated that with the increase of adsorbent dosage, the percent of heavy metals removal was also increased due to the increasing adsorption capacity of the adsorbent. In addition, Langmuir model show maximum adsorption capacity of Cd is 1.91 mg/g. As conclusions, our findings show that pineapple peel has potential to remove heavy metal from polluted water.

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Rae, I. B., and S. W. Gibb. "Removal of metals from aqueous solutions using natural chitinous materials." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 10 (May 1, 2003): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0572.

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Four naturally derived chitinous materials, commercial cryogenically milled carapace (CCMC), mechanically milled carapace (MMC), chitin and chitosan, were assessed for their ability to remove a range of alkali, alkaline earth, transition and heavy metals from aqueous media in flow-through column trials. The materials showed a poor affinity for the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals but significantly greater affinity for transition and heavy metals. In general, chitin was the least efficient material for removal of transition and heavy metals (≈35%) while chitosan was most effective (>99%). CCMC and MMC both removed >90% of transition and heavy metals tested from solution. Batch studies conducted using copper as a reference metal demonstrated that removal was dependent on a number of variables including pH, contact time, particle size, metal concentration, metal type and the physio-chemical characteristics of the materials. Detailed analysis of the results from these studies indicate that removal is a complex process and that metals can be sequestered from solution by a number of mechanisms including adsorption, absorption and precipitaion.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Heavy Metals Removal'

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