Journal articles on the topic 'Heavy metals – Physiological effects'
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BROWN, D. H., and J. M. WELLS. "Physiological Effects of Heavy Metals on the Moss Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus." Annals of Botany 66, no. 6 (December 1990): 641–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a088078.
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Liekytė, Aistė, Raimondas Leopoldas Idzelis, and Nijolė Kazlauskienė. "RESEARCH INTO THE EFFECT OF HEAVY METALS AND THEIR BINARY MIXTURE ON THE CARDIO-RESPIRATORY SYSTEM OF FISH LARVAE / SUNKIŲJŲ METALŲ IR JŲ BINARINIO MIŠINIO POVEIKIO ŽUVŲ KARDIORESPIRACINEI SISTEMAI ANKSTYVOJOJE ONTOGENEZĖJE TYRIMAI." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 3, no. 5 (December 19, 2011): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2011.083.
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This article investigates toxic effects of heavy metals (Ni, Cu) and their binary mixture (Ni+Cu) on the cardio-respiratory system of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) larvae depending on the type of metal, metal concentration and the duration of their exposure. The one-day larvae of rainbow trout were exposed to Ni (0,1; 0,2 mg/l, respectively), Cu (0,25; 0;5 mg/l, respectively) and their binary mixture. During long-term exposure (30 days), the physiological parameters of larvae, e.g. heart rate (counts/min), gill ventilation frequency (counts/min) after 5, 10 and 20 days of exposure were recorded. During experimental studies, the effects of heavy metals and their binary mixture on the heart rate and gill ventilation frequency of rainbow trout larvae depending on the type of metal, their concentrations and exposure duration were determined. Consequently, comparative studies on toxic effects of heavy metals and their binary mixture on the cardio-respiratory system of rainbow trout larvae showed that the binary mixture was more toxic to larvae than to single metals. Santrauka Šiame straipsnyje nagrinėjamas sunkiųjų metalų (Ni, Cu) ir jų binarinio mišinio (Ni + Cu) toksinis poveikis vaivorykštinio upėtakio (Oncorhynchus mykiss) lervų kardiorespiracinei sistemai, priklausomai nuo veikiamo metalo rūšies, metalų koncentracijos ir ekspozicijos trukmės. Vaivorykštinio upėtakio vienadienės lervos buvo veikiamos Ni (0,1; 0,2 mg/l), Cu (0,25; 0,5 mg/l) ir jų binariniu mišiniu. Ilgalaikio tyrimo metu (30 parų) buvo registruojami lervų fiziologiniai rodikliai – širdies ir kvėpavimo dažniai (krt./min.) po 5, 10 ir 20 parų ekspozicijos. Atlikus eksperimentinius tyrimus, nustatytas sunkiųjų metalų ir jų binarinio mišinio poveikis vaivorykštinio upėtakio lervų širdies ir kvėpavimo dažniams, priklausomai nuo veikiamo metalo rūšies, koncentracijos ir ekspozicijos trukmės. Tyrimo rezultatai rodo, kad atskirų sunkiųjų metalų (Ni, Cu) poveikis lervų kardiorespiracinei sistemai silpnesnis, nei veikiant metalų binariniu mišiniu.
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Gjorgieva Ackova, Darinka. "Heavy metals and their general toxicity for plants." Plant Science Today 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.2018.5.1.355.
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Heavy metals are important environmental pollutants, and their toxicity is a serious problem of great concern for environmental, ecological, nutritional and toxicological reasons. Metals can affected long list of physiological and biochemical processes in plants and their toxicity varies with plant species, particular metal, metal concentration and it chemical form. Throughout the world, researches have been conducted extensive investigations to determine the effects of toxic heavy metals on plants. The process is still going on and the need of intensification of the research programmes for better understanding of heavy metal toxicity is evident.
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Mehrandish, Reza, Aliasghar Rahimian, and Alireza Shahriary. "Heavy metals detoxification: A review of herbal compounds for chelation therapy in heavy metals toxicity." Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology 8, no. 2 (February 25, 2019): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/jhp.2019.12.
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Some heavy metals are nutritionally essential elements playing key roles in different physiological and biological processes, like: iron, cobalt, zinc, copper, chromium, molybdenum, selenium and manganese, while some others are considered as the potentially toxic elements in high amounts or certain chemical forms. Nowadays, various usage of heavy metals in industry, agriculture, medicine and technology has led to a widespread distribution in nature raising concerns about their effects on human health and environment. Metallic ions may interact with cellular components such as DNA and nuclear proteins leading to apoptosis and carcinogenesis arising from DNA damage and structural changes. As a result, exposure to heavy metals through ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact causes several health problems such as, cardiovascular diseases, neurological and neurobehavioral abnormalities, diabetes, blood abnormalities and various types of cancer. Due to extensive damage caused by heavy metal poisoning on various organs of the body, the investigation and identification of therapeutic methods for poisoning with heavy metals is very important. The most common method for the removal of heavy metals from the body is administration of chemical chelators. Recently, medicinal herbs have attracted the attention of researchers as the potential treatments for the heavy metals poisoning because of their fewer side effects. In the present study, we review the potential of medicinal herbs such as: Allium sativum (garlic), Silybum marianum (milk thistle), Coriandrum sativum (cilantro), Ginkgo biloba (gingko), Curcuma longa (turmeric), phytochelatins, triphala, herbal fibers and Chlorophyta (green algae) to treat heavy metal poisoning.
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Salam, Mohammad, Fareen Mohsin, Farzana Mahmood, Inayat Ur Rahman, Aftab Afzal, and Zafar Iqbal. "Lead and manganese accumulation on leaves of road side plants from Mauripor to Hawks Bay road, Karachi, Pakistan." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 44, no. 4 (October 21, 2018): 665–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v44i4.38648.
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In order to investigate the heavy metals accumulation and their effects on roadside trees Conocarpus erectus. The total content of Pb and Mn was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry was conducted. Average concentration 10.578 ± 3.48 μg/gm of Pb and 91.98 ± 30.03 μg/gm of Mn was found. Moreover, there were variations in the level of both these heavy metals in different samples of Conocarpus tree that were collected from different locations along the road side due to different level of exposure to Pb and Mn. This physiological response of Conocarpus plant towards Pb and Mn suggests that roadside plants are good indicators of heavy metals accumulation and their subsequent effects on the environment.
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Aliu. "EFFECTS OF SOME HEAVY METALS IN SOME MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN MAIZE SEEDLINGS." American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajbbsp.2013.27.33.
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Digarbaeva, A. M., A. N. Kaliyeva, E. A. Kirshibayev, and M. R. Bahtybaeva. "INFLUENCE OF HEAVY METALS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CORN VARIETIEShttps://doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1483.28." REPORTS 2, no. 336 (April 13, 2021): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1483.28.
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Heavy metals are some of the most harmful chemicals in the environment today. Today, many scientists believe that the main factor that negatively affects the plant in saline conditions is the osmotic effect of salts. In conditions of soil salinity, the lack of plants causes dehydration of proteins, which negatively affects the physiological and biochemical processes of plants. Plants absorb heavy metals in different ways. It absorbs heavy metals from the soil through the roots and from the air through the stomata of the leaves, mainly through dust. The aim of the research is to study the influence of heavy metals on the physiological and biochemical processes of growth and development of maize varieties. The article presents the research results of the heavy metals influence on the elongation of seedlings and the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments during the germination of maize varieties. It is obvious that heavy metals affect the growth and plant development from the initial germination stage of corn kernels. The results of monitoring various effects of heavy metals on photosynthetic pigments are also presented. In addition, the length of the above- water and underground parts of the biomass, the ratio of dry weight to actual weight is the heavy metals effect on plants. For example, the leaves turned dark green, the stems twisted, did not fully open and turned pink. Under the influence of heavy metals, plant development, metabolism and photosynthesis are disrupted, as well as the normal course of respiration and photosynthesis. According to the results obtained, the impact of heavy metals on maize varieties significantly inhibits the accumulation and growth of biomass. In particular, the processes of plant root growth are suppressed. Differences in the tolerance of different varieties of heavy metals can be explained by their varietal characteristics and genetic basis. Currently, there is a theoretical and practical interest in the identification of ion-resistant forms of heavy metals, their ability to detect and reveal their nature, the development of ways to increase the impact and resistance of heavy metals on plants. Formulating the results of the study, it was found that different heavy metals concentrations (CuSO4 and CdSO4) negatively affect the growth of corn varieties. This can be seen from the tables below (tables 1, 2, 3, 4).
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Alengebawy, Ahmed, Sara Taha Abdelkhalek, Sundas Rana Qureshi, and Man-Qun Wang. "Heavy Metals and Pesticides Toxicity in Agricultural Soil and Plants: Ecological Risks and Human Health Implications." Toxics 9, no. 3 (February 25, 2021): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics9030042.
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Environmental problems have always received immense attention from scientists. Toxicants pollution is a critical environmental concern that has posed serious threats to human health and agricultural production. Heavy metals and pesticides are top of the list of environmental toxicants endangering nature. This review focuses on the toxic effect of heavy metals (cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn)) and pesticides (insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides) adversely influencing the agricultural ecosystem (plant and soil) and human health. Furthermore, heavy metals accumulation and pesticide residues in soils and plants have been discussed in detail. In addition, the characteristics of contaminated soil and plant physiological parameters have been reviewed. Moreover, human diseases caused by exposure to heavy metals and pesticides were also reported. The bioaccumulation, mechanism of action, and transmission pathways of both heavy metals and pesticides are emphasized. In addition, the bioavailability in soil and plant uptake of these contaminants has also been considered. Meanwhile, the synergistic and antagonistic interactions between heavy metals and pesticides and their combined toxic effects have been discussed. Previous relevant studies are included to cover all aspects of this review. The information in this review provides deep insights into the understanding of environmental toxicants and their hazardous effects.
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Nugraha, Aditya Hikmat, Dietriech G. Bengen, and Mujizat Kawaroe. "Physiological Response of Thallasia hemprichii on Antrophogenic Pressure In Pari Island, Seribu Islands, DKI Jakarta." ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences 22, no. 1 (March 2, 2017): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.22.1.40-48.
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Seagrass ecosystem is one of tropical marine ecosystem and have important function. The function of ecosystem like a feeding and nursery ground for marine biota. Antrophogenic pressure is one of threat for seagrass ecosystem sustainability. This research study about effect antropogenic pressure for seagrass Thallasia hemprichii physiology response in some different location at Great Barrier Pari Island. The physiology response study cover growth, heavy metal bioaccumulation and histology analysis. The result shows that growth of leaf and rhizome Thalassia hemprichii have positif correlation with nutrient consentration in environment. The highest growth of leaf Thalassia hemprichii at 2nd station (4.16 mm.day-1) and the highest growth of rhizome Thalassia hemprichii at 4th station (1.3 mm.day-1). Seagrass can accumulation heavy metal from environment. The highest heavy metal accumulation is Pb. Not correlation between heavy metal consentration in seagrass with heavy metal concentration from environment. Analysis histology result that not damage seagrass tissue in all research station. Keyword : Bioacumulation,Growth,Physiology,Seagrass, Thalassia hemprichiiSeagrass ecosystems is one of the tropical marine ecosystems that have important functions, among others as a feeding and nursery ground for marine life. Anthropogenic stress is one of the threats that may inhibit the survival of seagrass ecosystems. This study examines the effects of anthropogenic pressures on physiological responses of seagrass Thalassia hemprichii at several different locations in Pari Islands. Physiological responses studied were leaves and rhizome growth, bioaccumulation of heavy metals and histological tissue analysis on seagrass. The results showed that the growth response of seagrass has a positive correlation with the nutrients in the environment. Seagrass leaf growth is highest at Station 2 (4.16 mm.day-1) and rhizome growth is highest at Station 4 (1.3 mm.day-1). Seagrass accumulate heavy metals from the environment and accumulation of heavy metals is highest on Pb. There is no correlation between the concentration of heavy metals in the seagrass and environment. The results of histological analysis showed that there was no damage to the tissue of seagrass leaf and rhizome. Keywords : Bio-acumulation, Growth, Physiology, Seagrass, Thalassia hemprichii
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Witkowska, Danuta, Joanna Słowik, and Karolina Chilicka. "Heavy Metals and Human Health: Possible Exposure Pathways and the Competition for Protein Binding Sites." Molecules 26, no. 19 (October 7, 2021): 6060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26196060.
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Heavy metals enter the human body through the gastrointestinal tract, skin, or via inhalation. Toxic metals have proven to be a major threat to human health, mostly because of their ability to cause membrane and DNA damage, and to perturb protein function and enzyme activity. These metals disturb native proteins’ functions by binding to free thiols or other functional groups, catalyzing the oxidation of amino acid side chains, perturbing protein folding, and/or displacing essential metal ions in enzymes. The review shows the physiological and biochemical effects of selected toxic metals interactions with proteins and enzymes. As environmental contamination by heavy metals is one of the most significant global problems, some detoxification strategies are also mentioned.
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AL-Janabi, Qassim A. A., Saad Kadhim A. Al-Kalidy, and Zaid B. Hameed. "Effects of heavy metals on physiological status for Schoenoplectus litoralis & Salvinia natans L." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 722, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/722/1/012012.
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Corpas, Francisco J. "Potential Beneficial Effects of Exogenous Nitric Oxide (NO) Application in Plants under Heavy Metal-Induced Stress." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT 3, no. 01 (January 31, 2017): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v3i.8440.
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Nitric oxide (NO) has become in a key molecule in higher plants because this molecule, direct or indirectly, is involved in a plethora of physiological and (a)biotic stresses. Plants are exposed to many adverse environmental conditions, among them heavy metal contamination has caused unfortunately collateral damage associated with the development of our contemporary lifestyle. Although plants have developed different strategies to palliate the negative effects of these metals, usually there is associated a nitro-oxidative stress. During the last decade, the application of exogenous NO seems to offer some advantages which allows to plants to face the cellular damages induced for heavy metals. Consequently, this update will focus on the potential benefits of the use of NO-donors to counteract the heavy metal harmful effects on plant metabolism.
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Todirascu Ciornea, Elena, Elena Grosu, Diana Elena Bucur, and Andrei Lobiuc. "Biochemical and Physiological Effects of Some Organic and Inorganic Chemical Agents in Capsicum spp." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 10 (November 15, 2018): 2703–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.10.6606.
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Cultivation of vegetables is expected to increase in order to meet the demands of the expanding populations of the globe. Meanwhile, anthropic activities increase the concentrations of various chemical compounds in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. For productivity and food safety reasons, assessments of effects of pesticides and metals on crops should be performed. In the current paper, the presence of some heavy metals and a pesticide compound in the substrate altered the levels of some Krebs cycle enzymes activities in pepper plants cultivated in controlled conditions. The photosynthetic apparatus of the same plants appeared relatively unaffected, while the potential/actual soil dehydrogenases ratios were increased in all treatments.
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Vijay Dahiya. "Heavy metal toxicity of drinking water: A silent killer." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 19, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 020–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2022.19.1.0107.
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Heavy metal toxicity has proven to be a major threat and there are several health risks associated with it. The toxic effects of these metals, even though they do not have any biological role, remain present in some or the other form harmful for the human body and its proper functioning. Heavy metals are generally referred to as those metals which possess a specific density of more than 5 g/cm3 and adversely affect the environment and living organisms. These metals are essential to maintain various biochemical and physiological functions in living organisms when in very low concentrations, however they become noxious when they exceed certain threshold concentrations. The most commonly found heavy metals in waste water include arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and copper, lead, nickel, and zinc, all of which cause risks for human health and the environment. Heavy metals enter the surroundings by natural means and through human activities. Various sources of heavy metals include soil erosion, natural weathering of the earth's crust, mining, industrial effluents, urban runoff, sewage discharge, insect or disease control agents applied to crops etc. Some heavy metals, i.e. arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, chromium, aluminium causes drastic harmful effect on the environment and living organisms, mainly human beings.
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Jutsz, Anna Małachowska, and Anna Gnida. "Mechanisms of stress avoidance and tolerance by plants used in phytoremediation of heavy metals." Archives of Environmental Protection 41, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aep-2015-0045.
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AbstractHeavy metal pollution of soil is a significant environmental problem and has a negative impact on human health and agriculture. Phytoremediation can be an alternative environmental treatment technology, using the natural ability of plants to take up and accumulate pollutants or transform them. Proper development of plants in contaminated areas (e.g. heavy metals) requires them to generate the appropriate protective mechanisms against the toxic effects of these pollutants. This paper presents an overview of the physiological mechanisms of stress avoidance and tolerance by plants used in phytoremediation of heavy metals.
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Bera, T., S. V. Kumar, M. S. Devi, V. Kumar, B. K. Behera, and B. K. Das. "Effect of heavy metals in fish reproduction: A review." Journal of Environmental Biology 43, no. 5 (September 7, 2022): 631–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/43/5/mrn-4042.
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Heavy metals are ubiquitous and deleterious contaminant present in the aquatic ecosystem. Their concentration has increased magnificently due to anthropogenic wastes, geochemical composition, farming and mining activities. Fishes are susceptible to heavy metal contamination and fishes live in aquatic environment which made them inevitable exposure to heavy metal. The excess release of contaminants into aquatic ecosystem has forced the fish to accumulate more heavy metal in their tissues. However, fishes reproduce in natural ecosystem which might have contaminated with heavy metal. Fish reproduction is the key process for fish recruitment in natural ecosystem and inevitable for aquaculture production. Water quality in terms of heavy metal contamination has a definite impact on fish reproduction. Hence, it is important to know the consequence of heavy metals on aquatic ecosystem and their effect on fish reproduction. Several reviews and reports are available that deals with the effect of heavy metals on fish health, blood biochemical changes and histological changes, cellular and physiological stress in vital organs but few comprehensive reports on toxic effect of heavy metals on fish reproduction are available. Heavy metals are reported to cause reproductive disruption in fish, inhibiting induction of vitellogenin, delaying oogenesis, enhancing luteinizing hormone secretion, declining parameters of gonadal somatic index and ovulation in fish. Therefore, this review paper presents a holistic details on the toxic effects of heavy metal on fish reproduction with special reference to male and female reproductive system.
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Hananingtyas, I., C. D. Nuryanty, L. Karlinasari, H. S. Alikodra, A. Jayanegara, and A. Sumantri. "The effects of heavy metal exposure in agriculture soil on chlorophyll content of agriculture crops: A meta-analysis approach." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 951, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/951/1/012044.
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Abstract Soil can be contaminated by the accumulation of heavy metals and metalloids through emissions from rapidly developing industrial areas. Due to the possibility of chemical change (speciation) and their bioavailability, the presence of toxic metals in the soil can greatly inhibit the biodegradation of organic contaminants. The researchers aimed to analyse the effect of heavy metal levels in agricultural soil on chlorophyll levels in agricultural crops through a meta-analysis method which is expected to provide results in the form of a summary of data that already exists in journals that have been published so far. Here we present a meta-analysis of 6 studies (56 data collected) published between 1997 and 2020 that reported the effects of heavy metal content on plant chlorophyll content. Based on the meta-analysis of the effect of heavy metal exposure in agricultural soil on the chlorophyll content of agricultural crops, the value “effect size overall” was -0.285 in the range of -0.380 to -0.190, where most of the values “effect size” were on the left. Plants growing on soil contaminated with heavy metals result in decreased growth due to changes in physiological and biochemical activities, especially when heavy metals inhibit plant growth and development. Furthermore, environmental risk assessment due to mercury exposure is very important to control the transport and accumulation of mercury in the biosphere to reduce the impact of mercury on the environment.
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Suwa, Hiroshi, Louis Saint-Amant, Antoine Triller, Pierre Drapeau, and Pascal Legendre. "High-Affinity Zinc Potentiation of Inhibitory Postsynaptic Glycinergic Currents in the Zebrafish Hindbrain." Journal of Neurophysiology 85, no. 2 (February 1, 2001): 912–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.85.2.912.
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Zinc has been reported to potentiate glycine receptors (GlyR), but the physiological significance of this observation has been put in doubt by the relatively high values of the EC50, 0.5–1 μM, since such concentrations may not be attained in the synaptic cleft of glycinergic synapses. We have re-evaluated this observation in the frame of the hypothesis that contaminant heavy metals present in usual solutions may have lead to underestimate the affinity of the zinc binding site, and therefore to underestimate the potential physiological role of zinc. Using chelators either to complex heavy metals or to apply zinc at controlled concentrations, we have examined the action of zinc on GlyR kinetics in outside-out patches from 50-h-old zebrafish Mauthner cells. Chelating contaminating heavy metals with tricine or N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis-(2-pyridylmethyl)-ethylenediamine (TPEN) decreased the duration of the currents evoked by glycine, confirming that traces of heavy metals alter the GlyR response in control conditions. Using tricine- (10 mM) buffered zinc solution, we then showed that zinc increases the amplitude of outside-out responses evoked by 0.1–0.5 mM glycine with an EC50 of 15 nM. In contrast zinc had no effect on the amplitude of currents evoked by a saturating concentration (3–10 mM) of glycine. This suggests that zinc enhances GlyR apparent affinity for glycine. The study of the effects of zinc on the kinetics of the response indicates that this increase of apparent affinity is due to a decrease of the glycine dissociation rate constant. We then analyzed the effects of zinc on postsynaptic GlyRs in whole cell recordings of glycinergic miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs). Chelation of contaminant heavy metals decreased the amplitude and the duration of the mIPSCs; inverse effects were observed by adding zinc in buffered solutions containing nanomolar free zinc concentrations. Zinc plus tricine or tricine alone did not change the coefficient of variation (≈0.85) of the mIPSC amplitude distributions. These results suggest that postsynaptic GlyRs are not saturated after the release of one vesicle.
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Lal, Manohar. "Effects of Different Heavy Metals and Mycorrhizal Treatments on Various Physiological Processes in Cotton Genotypes." International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience 6, no. 3 (June 30, 2018): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.6274.
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Golovanova, I. L. "Effects of heavy metals on the physiological and biochemical status of fishes and aquatic invertebrates." Inland Water Biology 1, no. 1 (January 2008): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12212-008-1014-1.
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Zhai, Chunqi, Yunzhu Tang, and Rongfang Feng. "Effect of Heavy Metals on the Growth of Spinach." Frontiers in Sustainable Development 2, no. 11 (November 21, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/fsd.v2i11.2930.
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With the rapid development of industry and agriculture, copper mining, combined with the use of copper-bearing fertilizers and wastewater discharge, has led to a doubling of copper concentrations in farmland soils. When the heavy metal content in soil is too high, the growth and development of plants will be hindered. Heavy metal stress can disturb the physiological function of plants and even lead to plant poisoning. Spinach is a vegetable widely grown all over the world. Spinach is rich in nutrients, vitamins and minerals and has high nutritional value. It is of great theoretical significance and guiding value to explore the effects of heavy metals on the growth of spinach. Certain concentrations of mineral solutions may stimulate spinach growth slightly, but growth slows as concentrations increase. With the increase of mineral concentration, fresh weight and dry weight of spinach decreased, and chlorophyll content increased. Heavy metal detoxification is a necessary step in the phytoremediation process. Plants often employ one of two defense methods to deal with heavy metal toxicity: avoidance or tolerance. Plants use these two methods to keep heavy metal concentrations in their cells below toxicity threshold levels.
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Al-Khaldi, Wejdan Ahmed, Lafi Al Solami, and Sathianeson Satheesh. "Effects of copper and cadmium on physiology and antifouling defense of the marine macroalga Ulva reticulata." Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies 50, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 184–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/oandhs-2021-0017.
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Abstract Heavy metals are major stressors for benthic macroalgal communities in marine ecosystems. In this study, the effects of copper and cadmium on some physiological parameters along with antifouling defense of the marine macroalga Ulva reticulata were assessed under laboratory conditions. Macroalgal samples were treated with three concentrations (1 mg l−1, 3 mg l−1 and 5 mg l−1) of copper and cadmium for 2 and 7 days. After treatment, algal samples were analyzed for chlorophyll-a, carotenoid, total polyphenol and total antioxidant capacity. Also, algal extracts were tested against biofilm-forming bacteria strains to understand differences in antifouling activity. The results indicated that exposure of U. reticulata to copper and cadmium, on the one hand, induced protective mechanisms such as total phenol production and antioxidant capacity against metal stress and, on the other hand, reduced photosynthesis. While the extract obtained from control algal samples showed a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of biofilm-forming bacteria, treatment with heavy metals resulted in reduced antibiofilm activity. In general, the results revealed that exposure of macroalgae to heavy metals can affect antifouling defense traits in addition to changes in photosynthetic pigment content.
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Lacoue-Labarthe, Thomas, Estelle Le Bihan, David Borg, Noussithé Koueta, and Paco Bustamante. "Acid phosphatase and cathepsin activity in cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) eggs: the effects of Ag, Cd, and Cu exposure." ICES Journal of Marine Science 67, no. 7 (May 18, 2010): 1517–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsq044.
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Abstract Lacoue-Labarthe, T., Le Bihan, E., Borg, D., Koueta, N., and Bustamante, P. 2010. Acid phosphatase and cathepsin activity in cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) eggs: the effects of Ag, Cd, and Cu exposure. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1517–1523. Changes in the activity levels of acid phosphatase (AcP) and cathepsin during cuttlefish embryo development are described, as are the effects of exposure to heavy metals. Enzyme activity kinetics appear to be linked to the developmental stage. The activities of both enzymes increased during the final days of development, suggesting de novo production by the maturing embryo in the digestive gland. The effects of selected heavy metals, Ag (0.06, 1.2, 60, 1200 ng l−1), Cd (31, 61, 305, 610 ng l−1), and Cu (0.23, 2.3, 23, 230 µg l−1), were assessed based on AcP and cathepsin activities at the end of embryonic development and on hatchling weight. Enzyme activities were not impacted by Ag but were significantly inhibited by Cd, at all four concentrations for AcP and at 610 ng l−1 for cathepsin. Cu (at 2.3 µg l−1) stimulated AcP activity. No cause–effect relationship was found between the effects of metals on the enzyme activities and hatchling weight, suggesting that heavy metals could affect other physiological functions during embryogenesis.
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Dhalaria, Rajni, Dinesh Kumar, Harsh Kumar, Eugenie Nepovimova, Kamil Kuča, Muhammad Torequl Islam, and Rachna Verma. "Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi as Potential Agents in Ameliorating Heavy Metal Stress in Plants." Agronomy 10, no. 6 (June 9, 2020): 815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10060815.
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Heavy metal accumulation in plants is a severe environmental problem, rising at an expeditious rate. Heavy metals such as cadmium, arsenic, mercury and lead are known environmental pollutants that exert noxious effects on the morpho-physiological and biological attributes of a plant. Due to their mobile nature, they have become an extended part of the food chain and affect human health. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ameliorate metal toxicity as they intensify the plant’s ability to tolerate metal stress. Mycorrhizal fungi have vesicles, which are analogous to fungal vacuoles and accumulate massive amount of heavy metals in them. With the help of a pervasive hyphal network, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi help in the uptake of water and nutrients, thereby abating the use of chemical fertilizers on the plants. They also promote resistance parameters in the plants, secrete a glycoprotein named glomalin that reduces the metal uptake in plants by forming glycoprotein–metal complexes, and improve the quality of the soil. They also assist plants in phytoremediation by increasing the absorptive area, increase the antioxidant response, chelate heavy metals and stimulate genes for protein synthesis that reduce the damage caused by free radicals. The current manuscript focuses on the uptake of heavy metals, accumulation, and arbuscular mycorrhizal impact in ameliorating heavy metal stress in plants.
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Anka, Abubakar U., Abubakar B. Usman, Abubakar N. Kaoje, Ramadan M. Kabir, Aliyu Bala, Mandana Kazem Arki, Nikoo Hossein-Khannazer, and Gholamreza Azizi. "Potential mechanisms of some selected heavy metals in the induction of inflammation and autoimmunity." European Journal of Inflammation 20 (January 2022): 1721727X2211227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1721727x221122719.
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Inflammation is a physiological event that protects tissues from infection and injury. Chronic inflammation causes immune cell over activation and sustained release of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines cause pathologic conditions including autoimmune diseases. Heavy metals exposure affects innate and adaptive immune systems through triggering inflammatory responses. It seems that extended inflammatory responses could accelerate heavy metal-induced autoimmunity. In the present review we discuss the exposure route and toxicity of Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg), Vanadium (V) and Platinum (Pt) and their effects on inflammatory responses by innate and adaptive immune system and autoimmunity.
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McKenzie, D. J., E. Garofalo, M. J. Winter, S. Ceradini, F. Verweij, N. Day, R. Hayes, et al. "Complex physiological traits as biomarkers of the sub-lethal toxicological effects of pollutant exposure in fishes." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 362, no. 1487 (May 2, 2007): 2043–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2100.
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Complex physiological traits, such as routine aerobic metabolic rate or exercise performance, are indicators of the functional integrity of fish that can reveal sub-lethal toxicological effects of aquatic pollutants. These traits have proved valuable in laboratory investigations of the sub-lethal effects of heavy metals, ammonia and various xenobiotics. It is not known, however, whether they can also function as biomarkers of the complex potential range of effects upon overall functional integrity caused by exposure to mixtures of chemicals in polluted natural environments. The current study used portable swimming respirometers to compare exercise performance and respiratory metabolism of fish exposed in cages for three weeks to either clean or polluted sites on three urban European river systems: the river Lambro, Milan, Italy; the rivers Blythe, Cole and Tame, Birmingham, UK; and the river Amstel, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. The UK and Italian rivers were variously polluted with high levels of both bioavailable heavy metals and organics, and the Amstel by mixtures of bioavailable organics at high concentrations. In both the UK and Italy, indigenous chub ( Leuciscus cephalus ) exposed to clean or polluted sites swam equally well in an initial performance test, but the chub from polluted sites could not repeat this performance after a brief recovery interval. These animals were unable to raise the metabolic rate and allocate oxygen towards exercise in the second trial, an effect confirmed in successive campaigns in Italy. Swimming performance was therefore a biomarker indicator of pollutant exposure in chub exposed at these sites. Exposure to polluted sites on the river Amstel did not affect the repeat swimming performance of cultured cloned carp ( Cyprinus carpio ), indicating either a species-specific tolerance or relative absence of heavy metals. However, measurements of oxygen uptake during swimming revealed increased rates of routine aerobic metabolism in both chub and carp at polluted sites in all of the rivers studied, indicating a sub-lethal metabolic loading effect. Therefore, the physiological traits of exercise performance and metabolic rate have potential as biomarkers of the overall sub-lethal toxic effects of exposure to complex mixtures of pollutants in rivers, and may also provide insight into why fish do not colonize some polluted environments.
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OLUWANISOLA, Oluwaloni P., and Abdullahi A. ABDULRAHAMAN. "Anatomical and Physiological Effects of Spent-Engine Oil on Two Varieties of Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench. from Malvaceae." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 10, no. 4 (December 21, 2018): 584–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb10410265.
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The effect of different levels of spent engine oil application on germination, survival, growth, leaf anatomy, yield, nutrient content and heavy metals uptake of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus – ‘Clemson’ spineless variety and ‘OLA 3 Local’ variety) was assessed in the present study. Completely randomized design was used with five treatment levels of spent engine oil at 0 ml (control), 50 ml, 100 ml, 150 ml and 200 ml applied to 5 kg of soil. Data on germination, seedling survival, growth, chlorophyll nutrient and heavy metal content, as well as leaf epidermal features collected from the study were subjected to Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) analyses. Spent engine oil at 200 ml per pot significantly (P < 0.05) delayed seed germination for 4 days and reduced germination percentage by approximately 24% compared to the control. Plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, chlorophyll A, B and stomata area were reduced by 21.33-72.89%; number and dry weight of fruits were reduced by 67.4-13.58%. Number of stomata was increased on the adaxial surface by 57.73% and on the abaxial surface by 34.99%. Na, K, Cr, Cd and Fe contents increased by 0.0178-6.2698 mg/kg-1. The present study has shown that plant constituents and anatomy can be influenced by spent oil contamination. Contamination of soil with spent engine oil therefore should be avoided in order to ensure sustainable crop plant productivity and to reduce the risk of heavy metals toxicity for human beings.
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Kang, S. M., R. Radhakrishnan, Y. H. You, A. L. Khan, K. E. Lee, J. D. Lee, and I. J. Lee. "Enterobacter asburiaeKE17 association regulates physiological changes and mitigates the toxic effects of heavy metals in soybean." Plant Biology 17, no. 5 (July 14, 2015): 1013–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/plb.12341.
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Venter, Chantelle, Hester Magdalena Oberholzer, Janette Bester, Mia-Jeanne van Rooy, and Megan Jean Bester. "Ultrastructural, Confocal and Viscoelastic Characteristics of Whole Blood and Plasma After Exposure to Cadmium and Chromium Alone and in Combination: An Ex Vivo Study." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 43, no. 3 (2017): 1288–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000481841.
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Background/Aims: Heavy metal pollution is increasing in the environment, contaminating water, food and air supplies. This can be linked to many anthropogenic activities. Heavy metals are absorbed through the skin, inhalation and/or orally. Irrespective of the manner of heavy metal entry in the body, the blood circulatory system is potentially the first to be affected following exposure and adverse effects on blood coagulation can lead to associated thrombotic disease. Although the plasma levels and the effects of cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) on erythrocytes and lymphocytes have been described, the environmental exposure to heavy metals are not limited to a single metal and often involves metal mixtures, with each metal having different rates of absorption, different cellular, tissue, and organ targets. Therefore the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the heavy metals Cd and Cr alone and whether Cr synergistically increases the effect of Cd on physiological important processes such as blood coagulation. Methods: Human blood was exposed to the heavy metals ex vivo, and thereafter morphological analysis was performed with scanning electron- and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) in conjunction with thromboelastography®. Results: The erythrocytes, platelets and fibrin networks presented with ultrastructural changes, including varied erythrocytes morphologies, activated platelets and significantly thicker fibrin fibres in the metal-exposed groups. CLSM analysis revealed the presence of phosphatidylserine on the outer surface of the membranes of the spherocytic erythrocytes exposed to Cd and Cr alone and in combination. The viscoelastic analysis revealed only a trend that indicates that clots that will form after heavy metal exposure, will likely be fragile and unstable especially for Cd and Cr in combination. Conclusion: This study identified the blood as an important target system of Cd and Cr toxicity.
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Naboka, Alexandra, Oleg Marenkov, Julia Kovalchuk, Zoya Shapovalenko, Oleh Nesterenko, and Bogdan Dzhobolda. "Parameters of the Histological Adaptation of Marmorkrebs Procambarus virginalis (Lyko, 2017) (Decapoda, Cambaridae) to Manganese, Nickel and Lead Ions Pollution." International Letters of Natural Sciences 70 (August 2018): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.70.24.
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Manganese, lead and nickel are heavy metals, which are the priority fresh water toxic contaminants and relate to of the first danger class chemicals. Heavy metals cause functional disorders in the tissues and organs of hydrobionts, affecting their linear and weight indices, reproductive system, digestive and extraction organs. In the experiment on marbled crayfishProcambarus virginalis(Lyko, 2017) studied the long-term effects of various concentrations of heavy metal ions on the physiological state and histostructure of tissues and organs. According to the results of research, it was found that among the studied heavy metals nickel ions influenced the weight indexes and mortality of crustaceans the most negatively. The results of morphometric studies on marbled crayfish indicate no significant changes in the control group and experimental one, but heavy metals influenced the form of the hepatopancerase lobes and the size of the lumen of the gland. Research on adipocytes of the connective tissue showed a significant difference between the size of cells under the influence of heavy metals. Dimensions of adipocytes fluctuated in a wide range from 144 μm2to 537 μm2. In control group the adipocyte area was 406.96 μm2. Experimental studies of hemolymph showed that, under the influence of lead ions, a significant increase in 1.4 times was observed in the area of hemolymph cells; when manganese and nickel were added, moderate decrease was observed in cells. It was found that under the influence of nickel, the area of round hyalinocytes has reduced by 1.7 times.
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Gradinaru, Andrei Cristian, Gheorghe Solcan, Mihalea Claudia Spataru, Luminita Diana Hritcu, Liviu Catalin Burtan, and Constantin Spataru. "The Ecotoxicology of Heavy Metals from Various Anthropogenic Sources and Pathways for their Bioremediation." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 7 (August 15, 2019): 2556–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.7.7379.
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Although Cu and Zn are important microelements with well-defined roles in organisms functioning, their presence in toxic concentrations is related to a contamination process. On the other hand, Pb, Cd, and Hg are toxic xenobiotics with cumulative effects on various organisms, and in the case of Ni the reports are contradictory. All of these heavy metals are found as a naturally content in the earth�s crust wherefrom are mobilized through volcanic eruptions or mining activities. Some human activities, such as metals smelting, burning of fossil fuels, cement obtaining, usage of pesticides in agriculture, contribute to the environmental pollution with these heavy metals. The presence of heavy metals is considered a risk factor for all components of the ecosystem due to their geo- and bio accumulative features. In long-term exposure, especially in countries with intensive industrialization and urbanization, toxic and carcinogenic effects based on various mechanisms were reported. However, the extraction and the usage of heavy metals in various industry branches might be considered a necessary evil for the nowadays modern society. In some moments of our evolution there were no alternatives, neither as knowledge, nor as application possibilities. In last decades, alarm signals were pulled by the scientific community and non-governmental organizations, and a legislation of heavy metal residues monitoring was developed and applied in many countries all over the world. Moreover, various ecological alternatives were found for the limitation or even excluding of pollutant materials from many of our life aspects (unleaded petrol, insecticides based on pheromones, green concrete manufactured with less cement quantity etc.) and different ways of soil phytoremediation and heavy metals biosorption from aqueous media were tested. The aim of this paper is to review the most important aspects related to heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, Ni, Cu, Zn) ecotoxicology. Various sources of environmental pollution and different mechanisms for physiological homeostasis disruption for each reviewed elementary xenobiotic are critically discussed.
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Jamil, Nuzhat, Sajjad Hyder, Mohammad Valipour, Muhammad Yasir, Rashid Iqbal, Rana Roy, Muhammad Umar Zafar, and Ambreen Ahmed. "Evaluation of the Bioremediation Potential of Staphlococcus lentus Inoculations of Plants as a Promising Strategy Used to Attenuate Chromium Toxicity." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (October 12, 2022): 13056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013056.
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Current industrial developments, advanced farming techniques, and further anthropogenic activities are adding substantial amounts of heavy metals into the ecosystem and having dangerous effects on lifeforms, including plants and animals, and changing their biological activities. Decontamination following the heavy metal contamination is an important point deserving attention in the current scenario. Among all the other approaches used for this purpose, bioremediation is ecofriendly and green approach that can be used to remediate heavy metal toxicity. In plant cells, the regulation of ionic homeostasis is a primary physiological prerequisite for upholding plant development, growth, and production. To avoid the dreadful effects of toxic heavy metal exposure, plants manifest physiological, biochemical, and structural responses. In the present research, we reported on the isolation and molecular identification of an effective heavy-metal-tolerant bacterial strain, Staphylococcus lentus (E3), having a minimum inhibitory concentration of 300 µg/mL for chromium, Cr, taken from soil polluted with industrial effluents at Kasur, Pakistan. Bacterial inoculations enhanced all the growth parameters of Triticum aestivum and Helianthus annus. To observe the physiological strain, the proline content and peroxidase (POD) activities were estimated under Cr stress in the bacterial-inoculated plants. The chlorophyll content and Cr uptake in the aerial parts the of plants were also studied, along with the overexpression of proteins. The bacterial inoculations produced encouraging results. Bioremediation using PGPR is an efficient, convincing, and reliable approach to attenuating heavy metal toxicity.
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Alybayeva, R. A., M. N. Kalmakhan, Z. A. Inelova, S. D. Atabayeva, N. S. Akhambayeva, and N. M. Autkhanova. "PRODUCTIVITY AND ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALSIN THE GRAIN OF VARIOUS GENOTYPES OF SPRING BARLEY UNDER CONDITIONS OF SOIL CONTAMINATION WITH COPPER AND LEAD." REPORTS 335, no. 1 (February 12, 2021): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1483.14.
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Environmental pollution, especially by chemical substances, is one of the most powerful factors in disrupting components of the biosphere. Currently, the biosphere receives a lot of pollutants. Among them are significant heavy metals. Among the chemical elements, heavy metals are the most toxic. The danger of increasing the content of heavy metals in the soil and heavy metals in the atmosphere is associated with active absorption and accumulation of plants, which not only negatively affect their active actions, but also threaten human and animal health. The danger of metals is that they have a cumulative effect and retain these toxic properties for a long time. In connection with the task of studying the gene pool of cultivated plants in the conditions of technogenic pollution, the study of metal resistance of barley varieties was carried out in order to identify promising forms for growing in the East Kazakhstan region, as well as breeding donors that collect the minimum amount of pollutants. The results obtained allow us to suggest donors resistant to heavy metals that can be used in breeding and genetic research. Barley is a concentrated product for animals, as the composition is rich in starch and protein. Barley seeds, along with amino acids, protein, lysine and tryptophan, which cannot be replaced by another substance, are preserved better than in other crops. Barley in Kazakhstan ranks second after wheat. The East Kazakhstan region is favorable and in demand for growing barley. However, the damage to the vessels by heavy metal affected the commissioning of the product. The most effective way out of this is to prevent the genetic and physiological effects of the genes of these tolerant (hardy) species. Genotype identification is a new and unexplored area of invention for products that grow against heavy metals in plants.
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Nescu, Vlad, Sorin Ciulca, Renata Maria Sumalan, Adina Berbecea, Giancarla Velicevici, Petru Negrea, Sorin Gaspar, and Radu Liviu Sumalan. "Physiological Aspects of Absorption, Translocation, and Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Silphium perfoliatum L. Plants Grown in a Mining-Contaminated Soil." Minerals 12, no. 3 (March 8, 2022): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12030334.
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Soil pollution by heavy metals as a result of mining activities is increasingly taking place. Once accumulated in soil, the heavy metals can then be dispersed, with serious effects on the environment and human health. It is therefore necessary to minimize, or even remove, all heavy metals from polluted areas, and one of the environmentally friendly and sustainable methods to do so is phytoremediation. A greenhouse pots experiment was conducted to evaluate the phytoremediation capacity of Silphium perfoliatum L. plants, in the vegetative growth stages, on a soil polluted with Cu, Zn, Cr and Pb, taken from a former mining area compared to an unpolluted soil (Us). The initial heavy metal content of polluted soil (Ps) was 208.3 mg kg−1 Cu; 312.5 mg kg−1 Zn; 186.5 mg kg−1 Cr and 195.2 mg kg−1 Pb. This shows that for Cu and Pb, soil concentrations exceed the intervention threshold, and for Zn and Cr, they are above the alert threshold. The removal efficiency, bioaccumulation factor, translocation factor, metal uptake and contamination factor index of Cu, Zn, Cr and Pb by S. perfoliatum L. were quantified to determine the bioremediation success. The data show that plants grown in Ps accumulated a significantly higher amount of Cu by 189% and Zn by 37.95% compared to Us. The Cr and Pb content of the plants recorded a progressive and significant increase from one developmental stage to another, being more intense between three and five leaves.
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Naboka, Alexandra, Oleg M. Marenkov, Julia Kovalchuk, Zoya Shapovalenko, Oleh S. Nesterenko, and Bogdan Dzhobolda. "Parameters of the Histological Adaptation of Marmorkrebs <i>Procambarus virginalis </i>(Lyko, 2017) (Decapoda, Cambaridae) to Manganese, Nickel and Lead Ions Pollution." International Letters of Natural Sciences 70 (August 6, 2018): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-tzw2qo.
Full textAbstract:
Manganese, lead and nickel are heavy metals, which are the priority fresh water toxic contaminants and relate to of the first danger class chemicals. Heavy metals cause functional disorders in the tissues and organs of hydrobionts, affecting their linear and weight indices, reproductive system, digestive and extraction organs. In the experiment on marbled crayfish Procambarus virginalis (Lyko, 2017) studied the long-term effects of various concentrations of heavy metal ions on the physiological state and histostructure of tissues and organs. According to the results of research, it was found that among the studied heavy metals nickel ions influenced the weight indexes and mortality of crustaceans the most negatively. The results of morphometric studies on marbled crayfish indicate no significant changes in the control group and experimental one, but heavy metals influenced the form of the hepatopancerase lobes and the size of the lumen of the gland. Research on adipocytes of the connective tissue showed a significant difference between the size of cells under the influence of heavy metals. Dimensions of adipocytes fluctuated in a wide range from 144 μm2 to 537 μm2. In control group the adipocyte area was 406.96 μm2. Experimental studies of hemolymph showed that, under the influence of lead ions, a significant increase in 1.4 times was observed in the area of hemolymph cells; when manganese and nickel were added, moderate decrease was observed in cells. It was found that under the influence of nickel, the area of round hyalinocytes has reduced by 1.7 times.
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Marenkov, Oleg, Mykola V. Prychepa, and Julia Kovalchuk. "The Influence of Heavy Metal Ions on the Viability and Metabolic Enzyme Activity of the Marbled Crayfish Procambarus virginalis (Lyko, 2017)." International Letters of Natural Sciences 70 (August 2018): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.70.11.
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In the experiment with marbled crayfishProcambarusvirginalis(Lyko, 2017), chronic effects of various concentrations of heavy metal ions on the physiological state and enzyme activity were investigated. The obtained results showed that among the investigated heavy metals nickel ions influenced the weight indexes and mortality of crustaceans the most negatively. According to the results of the research, significant changes were noted in the individual biochemical parameters of marbled crayfish under the influence of manganese, lead and nickel ions. The most significant changes in the activity of lactate dehydrogenase were detected in muscle tissues affected by manganese and nickel ions. A significant decrease in the activity of succinate dehydrogenase in muscle of marbled crayfish was determined after the action of heavy metal ions. Investigation of changes in the activity of alkaline phosphatase under the influence of the ions of manganese, lead and nickel has its own characteristics, which indicates certain violations in the tissues of cell membranes. Changes in the activity of enzymes were also reflected in the overall protein content. Changes in these parameters may indicate a rapid biochemical response of crustaceans to the toxic effects of heavy metals.
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Marenkov, Oleg M., Mykola V. Prychepa, and Julia Kovalchuk. "The Influence of Heavy Metal Ions on the Viability and Metabolic Enzyme Activity of the Marbled Crayfish <i>Procambarus virginalis</i> (Lyko, 2017)." International Letters of Natural Sciences 70 (August 6, 2018): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-948683.
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In the experiment with marbled crayfish Procambarusvirginalis (Lyko, 2017), chronic effects of various concentrations of heavy metal ions on the physiological state and enzyme activity were investigated. The obtained results showed that among the investigated heavy metals nickel ions influenced the weight indexes and mortality of crustaceans the most negatively. According to the results of the research, significant changes were noted in the individual biochemical parameters of marbled crayfish under the influence of manganese, lead and nickel ions. The most significant changes in the activity of lactate dehydrogenase were detected in muscle tissues affected by manganese and nickel ions. A significant decrease in the activity of succinate dehydrogenase in muscle of marbled crayfish was determined after the action of heavy metal ions. Investigation of changes in the activity of alkaline phosphatase under the influence of the ions of manganese, lead and nickel has its own characteristics, which indicates certain violations in the tissues of cell membranes. Changes in the activity of enzymes were also reflected in the overall protein content. Changes in these parameters may indicate a rapid biochemical response of crustaceans to the toxic effects of heavy metals.
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Dyakova, Nina A. "Peculiarities of accumulation of heavy metals and arsenic in medicinal plant raw materials of plain thousand, collected in urban and agribiocenoses of the Voronezh region." RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety 28, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2310-2020-28-3-213-224.
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The Voronezh region is traditionally the most important area of crop production and farming. The purpose of the study was to study contamination by heavy metals and arsenic of medicinal vegetable raw materials of the Voronezh region on the example of plain thousand-year-old grass collected in urban and agro-ecological systems with different anthropogenic effects. The study was carried out by atomic absorption spectrometry on the basis of atomic absorption spectrometer MGA-915MD pharmacopoeia methods, accumulation of heavy metals (lead, mercury, cadmium, nickel, copper, zinc, cobalt, chromium) and arsenic was studied in 51 samples of large planter leaves. Comparing the data on heavy metal content in the upper soil layers of the region and the content of these elements in the grass of the common thousand, it can be argued that there are significant physiological barriers to the accumulation of ecotoxicants in the plant, which is particularly noticeable for elements such as lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, cobalt and chromium. The thousand-year-old is able to selectively concentrate some heavy metals entering the active centers of enzyme systems (such as copper and zinc, for example) if their environmental content is below some vital level; With significant content of these elements in soils, the plant also physiologically blocked their entry into the above-ground part of the plant. The results of studies have shown that plain thousand grass is able to accumulate toxic elements from soils in a significant amount, which is important in planning the places of production of medicinal vegetable raw materials and assessing its quality.
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Dyakova, Nina Alekseevna. "Accumulation of heavy metals and arsenic in grass Leonurus quinquelobatum Gilib." Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University, no. 2 (54) (June 20, 2021): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36906/2311-4444/21-2/06.
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The Voronezh region is traditionally the most important area of crop production and farming. The purpose of the study was to study the contamination by heavy metals of medicinal vegetable raw materials of the Voronezh region on the example of the grass of the five-plant desert collected in urban and agro-ecological systems, which experience different anthropogenic effects. The accumulations of heavy metals (lead, mercury, cadmium, nickel, copper, zinc, cobalt, chromium) and arsenic were studied, in 51 samples of five-layer desert grass. Comparing the data on heavy metal content in the upper soil layers of the region and the content of these elements in the grass of the five-layer desert, it can be assumed that there are significant physiological barriers to the accumulation of ecotoxicants in the generative organs of the plant, which is particularly noticeable for elements such as lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, cobalt and chromium. The five-point desert is able to selectively concentrate some heavy metals entering the active centers of enzyme systems (such as copper and zinc) if their environmental content is below some vital level; With a significant content of these elements in soils, the plant also physiologically blocked their entry into the leaves. Thus, for a five-layer desert under anthropogenic load conditions, an edaphotype is formed as a result of the action of selection under conditions of man-made pollution of the external environment and the manifestation of adaptation to these conditions. The results of studies have shown that the grass of the five-plant desert is able to accumulate toxic elements from soils, which is important in planning the places of production of medicinal vegetable raw materials and assessing its quality.
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STAN, Vasilica, Eugenia GAMENT, Călina Petruţa CORNEA, Cătălina VOAIDEŞ, Mirela DUŞA, and Georgiana PLOPEANU. "Effects of Heavy Metal from Polluted Soils on the Rhizobium Diversity." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 39, no. 1 (May 30, 2011): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha3916081.
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Heavy metals adversely influence microorganisms, affecting their growth, abundance, genetic diversity, nodulation ability and efficacy. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize free-leaving Rhizobium from soil which were artificially polluted with Cu (100, 250, and 500 mg kg-1 soil), Zn (300, 700, and 1500 mg kg-1 soil) and Pb (50, 250, and 1000 mg kg-1 soil), but also with a mixture of all these metals, and cultivated with red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), and to compare them with bacteria isolated from similar type of soil, but unpolluted. Rhizobia from soil were isolated on YMA medium with or without bromothymol blue (0.00125%) as a pH-change indicator and the morpho-physiological characteristics of the colonies were examined. The number of Rhizobium was estimated using the most probable number method. Compared to the control, a decrease of rhizobia number and an increase of the metal concentration were observed. Several decameric primers (Operon Technology type) were used and a reduced polymorphism among isolated bacteria was observed. Moreover, significant differences were observed among these strains and the collection strains used as reference. Also, when primers nodCF/nodCI for detection of nod genes were used, several amplicons were obtained, different from the results obtained with similar strains isolated from unpolluted soil. These results suggest that the survival „price†of the Rhizobium in such polluted area was the alteration of some genes, including those involved in symbiosis and, probably, in nitrogen fixation.
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Moldes, Carlos A., Miguel A. Cantarelli, Jorgelina Z. Heredia, and José M. Camiña. "Multivariate Analysis Reveals Different Responses of Antioxidant Defense in Wheat Plants Exposed to Arsenic (As) and Cadmium (Cd)." Current Analytical Chemistry 16, no. 8 (October 26, 2020): 1071–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573411016666200324115218.
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Background: Multivariate analysis is a chemometric tool that has been little explored to determine physiological status under heavy metal stress. Nevertheless, PCA has an unexplored potential to determine the plant physiologic status and its modification under stress factors like heavy metals. Objectives: This work aims to assess the physiological and biochemical effects and responses of wheat plants under the different exposition of As and Cd using multivariate models. Materials and Methods: Wheat plants growing in a greenhouse were exposed to 0, 10 and 50 mg kg-1 soil of As and 0, 10 and 33 50 mg kg-1 soil of Cd until growth stage 5. After 56 days, wheat leaves and roots were collected to determine dry weight, lipid peroxidation and the activity of three enzymes: catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase. These measures were considered as the variables of three performed multivariate models to determine physiological status. Results: Through the interpretation of score plot and loading plot in combination, it was possible to determine that both As and Cd affect chlorophyll content and antioxidant response. However, a chlorophyll decrease and a lipid peroxidation increase were observed together with an inhibition of antioxidant response more accentuated in wheat plants exposed to As than those exposed to Cd. Conclusions: Multivariate analysis allows us to determine the differences between the physiological behavior of both stressors, which turn this chemometric tools useful for the characterization of a physiological response.
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Armah, Frederick Ato, Reginald Quansah, and Isaac Luginaah. "A Systematic Review of Heavy Metals of Anthropogenic Origin in Environmental Media and Biota in the Context of Gold Mining in Ghana." International Scholarly Research Notices 2014 (November 9, 2014): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/252148.
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Heavy metal accumulation in the food chain is an issue of global concern because it eventually leads to toxic effects on humans through the water we drink, contaminated soils, crops, and animals. Reports of toxicant levels in environmental media (air, water, and soil) and biota in Ghana were sought in SCOPUS, PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE. Of 1004 bibliographic records identified, 54 studies were included in evidence synthesis. A disproportionately large number of papers (about 80%) focused exclusively on environmental media. Papers focusing on biomonitoring and human health were relatively few. Studies reported a high degree of spatial variability for the concentrations of 8 metals in groundwater. Generally, heavy metal concentrations in soil reported by the studies reviewed were higher than metal concentrations in riverine sediments. Urine and hair were the most common biological markers of heavy metal exposure used by the studies reviewed unlike nails, which were sparingly used. By and large, published results on the levels of heavy metals in goldmine and non-mine workers yielded contradictory results. Mostly, concentrations of heavy metals reported by the studies reviewed for nails were higher than for hair. A high degree of variability in the heavy metal concentrations in human subjects in the studies reviewed is likely due to heterogeneity in physiological states, excretion profiles, and body burdens of individuals. These, in turn, may be a product of genetic polymorphisms influencing detoxification efficiency.
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Dyakova, Nina A. "Accumulation of heavy metals and arsenic with medicinal herbal raw material of common shovel harvested in Voronezh region." Izvestiya of Saratov University. Chemistry. Biology. Ecology 21, no. 4 (December 16, 2021): 478–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2021-21-4-478-487.
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The Voronezh region is traditionally the most important area of crop production and agriculture. The purpose of the research was to study the contamination with heavy metals of medicinal plant raw materials of the Voronezh region using the example of the roots of ordinary burdock, prepared in urbo- and agro-ecosystems, which have various anthropogenic effects on themselves. The accumulation of heavy metals (lead, mercury, cadmium, nickel, copper, zinc, cobalt, chromium) and arsenic in 51 samples of raw materials was studied. By comparing the heavy metal content in the upper soil layers of the region and the content of these elements in the roots of the bladder, it can be assumed that there are significant physiological barriers to the accumulation of ecotoxicants in the roots of the bladder, which is especially noticeable for elements such as lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, cobalt and chromium. At the same time, this type of medicinal vegetal raw material is able to selectively concentrate some heavy metals included in the active centers of enzyme systems (copper and zinc). Thus, for an ordinary bladder under conditions of anthropogenic load, an edaphotype is formed, which is as a result of selection in conditions of anthropogenic pollution of the external environment and the manifestation of adaptation to these conditions.
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Luo, Mei, Hong-Mei Cao, Ying-Ying Fan, Xiao-Cao Zhou, Jun-Xian Chen, Henry Chung, and Hong-Yi Wei. "Bioaccumulation of Cadmium Affects Development, Mating Behavior, and Fecundity in the Asian Corn Borer, Ostrinia furnacalis." Insects 11, no. 1 (December 20, 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11010007.
Full textAbstract:
Heavy metal pollution is becoming an increasingly serious problem in agricultural ecosystems. Heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) accumulate in the food chain and may lead to detrimental effects on the physiological functions of living organisms, including herbivorous insects. One such example is the Asian Corn Borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). However, how Cd can affect the development and reproduction of O. furnacalis is largely unknown. In this study, we exposed larvae of O. furnacalis to a diet containing Cd and investigated the effects of Cd on the development, mating behavior, and fecundity of the insect. We showed that Cd accumulates in the larvae and inhibits development by extending larval and pupal duration and decreasing the survival rate. The excretion of Cd through multiple routes during the larval and pupal stages resulted in low levels of residual Cd in the adult insects, which were not fed with Cd. However, the mating behavior and fecundity of these insects were significantly affected, compared to control insects. This suggests that the bioaccumulation of heavy metals such as Cd has long lasting and detrimental effects on O. furnacalis over the entire life cycle, affecting fecundity, even when specimens are only exposed at an early life stage.
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Emmanuel, Iwuala, Afroz Alam, and Ajiboye Abiodun. "Responses of Rhizophora mangle L. to effluents from textile Industry in Kano, Nigeria." Plant Science Today 4, no. 4 (November 30, 2017): 202–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.2017.4.4.333.
Full textAbstract:
Polluted water discharge sourced from industrial effluent has emerge a distressing happening owing to its harmful effects on health, lives and safety of organisms. The extent of this unpleasant situation by and large remains unidentified. Thus, in the present study, the toxic effects of effluents from textile are analyzed through Rhizophora mangle L., by leaving it to polluted surface water by effluent from the Challawa stream. An observation on the effects of textile effluent polluted water was analyzed on the growth, chlorophyll content, heavy metal quantification and membrane integrity in R. mangle was carried out. Seedlings raised from viviparous seeds (propagules) were grown in 50L effluent water from textile industry for 4 weeks. Growth, physiological, biochemical parameters as well as quantification analysis of heavy metals of the seedlings were analysed immediately after the treatment period. The results proved that R. mangle seedlings were sensitive to metal toxicity. The treatment significantly reduced the growth index and chlorophyll contents evaluated. MDA content, catalase enzyme and heavy metal content (Fe, Ni and Cu) significantly increase when plants were grown in effluent water indicating ROS production. Therefore, this result implies that metals present in the textile effluent induce oxidative stress and membrane damage in R. mangle.
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Aytlesov, К., К. Aubakirova, and Z. Alikulov. "The effect of copper ions on the growth and content of proline in wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.)." BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES OF KAZAKHSTAN 2 (June 2021): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.52301/1684-940x-2021-2-8-17.
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The article presents the results of the study of the influence of copper heavy metals on the germination and growth of wheat seeds (Triticum aestirum L.) of the variety Akmola 2. The study was conducted under laboratory conditions. As a source of copper, concentrations of the CuSO4 salt of 50 μmol, 100 μmol, 150 μmol, and 300 μmol were taken. The seeds were pre-primed in a solution of molybdate (75 mM Na2MoO4*2H2O) for uniform germination. The results of the influence of primed and non-primed seeds on some physiological indicators of growth and development in these concentrations of copper are discussed. The germination rate of seeds primed for heavy metal salts remains higher than that of seeds not primed. It is shown that in response to stress caused by copper metal salts, plants are responsible for the accumulation of a significant amount of proline in the leaves and roots that perform a protective function. The results obtained indicate the resistance of the wheat plant to the effects of heavy metals of copper, seeds primed with molybdate.
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DEMİRASLAN, Özlem, and Cüneyt AKI. "EFFECTS OF SOME HEAVY METALS ON TOTAL PROTEIN AND PEROXIDASE ACTIVITY IN CLOVER AND VETCH PLANTS." Journal of Scientific Perspectives 4, no. 4 (November 7, 2020): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26900/jsp.4.023.
Full textAbstract:
Forage crop farming is shown as the most important way of continuous and safe forage production. Clover and vetch are the most used forage plants. In this research clover (Medicago sativa) and vetch (Vicia sativa) plants were planted in large pots (48x18x18cm) containing peat: perlite mixture (3:1). The seeds were kept in distilled water for 3 hours before planting and swelling was ensured. After the peat perlite mixture prepared in pots was watered sufficiently with distilled water and then seeds were planted. 1000 ppm heavy metal stock solutions have been prepared for lead nitrate Pb(NO3)2, copper nitrate Cu(NO3)2.3H2O, and cadmium nitrate (CdNO3)2.4H2O. Prepared heavy metal solutions were given to the plants at once, with irrigation water, in 300 mL for each pot. Total protein amount and peroxidase activity were examined by spectrophotometrically 72 hours after the heavy metal application. Three different heavy metals applications to the forage plants, have been showed different physiological reactions in these plants. These reactions have been measured by comparing control group of plants. According to research results, it was determined that the maximum increase in the total protein amount in M. sativa compared with the control group was 100 ppm applied lead. The maximum increase in the total protein amount in V. sativa compared with the control group was 30 ppm applied cadmium, respectively. The increase in peroxidase activity has been determined in M. sativa and V. sativa plants compared with the control groups were 30 ppm applied cadmium. As a result of our research, it was determined that cadmium has been found to be more effective than lead and copper for stimulation of plant defense system.
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Nugroho, Andhika Puspito, and Dwi Puji Hayati. "Soil Contamination in Randukuning Landfill: Morphological-Physiological Responses of Celosia argentea L. and Cleome rutidosperma D.C." Jurnal Biodjati 7, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 212–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/biodjati.v7i2.18524.
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The soil in the Landfill area has generally been contaminated by various types of pollutants, including heavy metals, microplastics, ammonia, chloride, benzene, toluene, ethylene, ethylene benzene, and xylene (BTEX). At high concentrations, the pollutant can cause toxic effects on plants. The study aimed to evaluate the morphological and physiological conditions of C. argentea L. and C. rutidosperma D.C. after being planted on Randukuning landfill soil. Plant species were planted on landfill soil in the greenhouse for two months. Morphological observations (stem length, root length, and the number of leaves) and physiological (biomass of roots, stems, and leaves) were carried out on days 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 after planting on landfill soil. The results showed that C. argentea L. and C. rutidosperma D.C. did not show morphological and physiological effects. Both species can grow well on landfill soils. Therefore, these species can be potential phytoremediation agents.
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Marchiani, S., L. Tamburrino, G. Farnetani, M. Muratori, L. Vignozzi, and E. Baldi. "Acute effects on human sperm exposed in vitro to cadmium chloride and diisobutyl phthalate." Reproduction 158, no. 3 (September 2019): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-19-0207.
Full textAbstract:
Epidemiological studies reported a negative relationship between concentrations of heavy metals and phthalates in seminal fluid and semen quality, likely compromising male fertility potential. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of cadmium chloride (CdCl2), a common heavy metal, and diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), a common phthalate ester, on human sperm functions necessary for fertilization. After in vitro incubation of spermatozoa with 10 µM CdCl2 or 100 and 200 µM DIBP for 24 h, a significant decrease of sperm progressive and hyperactivated motility was observed. The exposure to each of the two toxic agents also induced spontaneous sperm acrosome reaction and blunted the physiological response to progesterone. Both agents induced an increase of caspase activity suggesting triggering of an apoptotic pathway. Our results suggest that acute exposure of spermatozoa to these pollutants may impair sperm ability to reach and fertilize the oocyte.
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Marozsán, Marianna. "Examination of the possible role of biofertilizers and wood ash in the nutrient supply of plants." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 36 (November 2, 2009): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/36/2797.
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Some physiological effects of bacteria containing fertilizer and some wood ash were examined in the experiments. The minimization of the use of chemicals in agriculture has been an ongoing challenge. One option lies in the intenzification of soil life. The release of organic matters by the roots and bacteria play a significant role in the uptake of minerals. The main problem to usilize wood ash in agriculture is its heavy metal contents. The solubility of heavy metals is very low, therefore there is no risk to use the wood ash in the agriculture and in the horticulture according to our experiments. The wood ash and biofertilizer contains several micronutrients in an optimum composition for forestry and agricultural plants.