Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Heavy metal'
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1
Higton, G. "Microbial heavy metal accumulation." Thesis, University of Kent, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380612.
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Bardos, Paul. "The antibiotic and heavy metal tolerances of soil bacteria and heavy metal pollution." Thesis, University of Reading, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.411559.
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Punshon, Tracy. "Heavy metal resistance in Salix." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1996. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5075/.
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Sekhula, Koena Sinah. "Heavy metal ion resistance and bioremediation capacities of bacterial strains isolated from an Antimony Mine." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/139.
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Thesis (M.Sc.) -- University of Limpopo, 2005Six aerobic bacterial strains [GM 10(1), GM 10 (2), GM 14, GM 15, GM 16 and GM 17] were isolated from an antimony mine in South Africa. Heavy-metal resistance and biosorptive capacities of the isolates were studied. Three of the isolates (GM 15, GM 16 and GM 17) showed different degrees of resistance to antimony and arsenic oxyanions in TYG media. The most resistant isolate GM 16 showed 90 % resistance, followed by GM 17 showing 60 % resistance and GM 15 was least resistant showing 58 % resistance to 80 mM arsenate (AsO4 3-). GM 15 also showed 90 % resistance whereas isolates GM 16 and GM 17 showed 80 % and 45 % resistance respectively to 20 mM antimonate (SbO4 3-). Arsenite (AsO2 -) was the most toxic oxyanion to all the isolates. Media composition influenced the degrees of resistance of the isolates to some divalent metal ions (Zn2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+). Higher resistances were found in MH than in TYG media. All the isolates could tolerate up to 5 mM of the divalent metal ions in MH media, but in TYG media, they could only survive at concentrations below 1 mM. Also, from the toxicity studies, high MICs were observed in MH media than TRIS-buffered mineral salt media. Zn2+ was the most tolerated metal by all the isolates while Co2+ was toxic to the isolates. The biosorptive capacities of the isolates were studied in MH medium containing different concentrations of the metal ions, and the residual metal ions were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy. GM 16 was effective in the removal of Cu2+ and Cd2+ from the contaminated medium. It was capable of removing 65 % of Cu2+ and 48 % of Cd2+ when the initial concentrations were 100 mg/l, whereas GM 15 was found to be effective in the biosorption of Ni2+ from the aqueous solutions. It was capable of removing 44 % of Ni2+ when the initial concentration was 50 mg/l. GM 17 could only remove 20 % of Cu2+ or Cd2+. These observations indicated that GM 16 could be used for bioremediation of xvi Cu2+ and Cd2+ ions from Cu2+ and Cd2+-contaminated aqueous environment, whereas GM 15 could be used for bioremediation of Ni2+.
National Research Foundation and the University of the North Research Unit
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Satofuka, Hiroyuki. "Studies on heavy metal ion-binding peptides : Application for heavy metal ion detection and detoxification." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/149818.
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Ngule, Chrispus M. Jr. "In Vitro Adsorption of Heavy Metals Using Metal-Organic Frameworks." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1597664070125999.
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Mohamed, Amin Zarinah. "Heavy metal pollution in Antarctic soils." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Chemistry, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2879.
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Soil samples from 8 sites (7 contaminated and 1 reference) at Marble Point and Scott Base were assessed for heavy metal pollution. Samples were acid leached and analysed by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry for lead, zinc, cadmium and copper. Weathering of these metals from point source contaminants was established. Sequential leaching was then performed to evaluate the potential fate ofthe contaminants using the same techniques. Studies were limited to exchangeable fraction and metal fractions bound to carbonates, oxides and organic matter. In the majority of the samples, the oxide fraction formed the largest sink for extractable lead and zinc. In addition, increase in organic matter was observed for some soils. Low levels of extractable aluminium were found, confirming the limited extent of weathering possible in the cold, arid Antarctic climate. Two modes of origin of soluble salts were inferred from levels of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium detected in the soils.
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Brown, Stanley. "Heavy metal detoxification of sewage sludge." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302700.
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Phelan, Anne. "Heavy metal tolerance in Aspergillus nidulans." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333642.
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Townsley, C. C. "Heavy metal accumulation in filamentous fungi." Thesis, Keele University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356547.
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Alam, Tanvir E. "Metal Oxide Graphene Nanocomposites for Organic and Heavy Metal Remediation." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3945.
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This thesis consists of two research problems in the water decontamination area. In the first work, the main focus is to understand the structure and photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide with graphene (G-TiO2) which is synthesized by using sol-gel method. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 is limited by the short electron hole pair recombination time. Graphene, with high specific surface area and unique electronic properties, can be used as a good support for TiO2 to enhance the photocatalytic activity. The obtained G-TiO2 photocatalysts has been characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman Spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), FTIR Spectroscopy and Ultraviolet visible (UV-vis) Spectroscopy. This prepared G-TiO2 nanocomposite exhibited excellent photocatalysis degradation on methyl orange (MO) under irradiation of simulated sunlight. Such enthralling photocatalyst may find substantial applications in various fields.
The primary objective of the second work is to understand the nanocomposite structure of SiO2 coated over graphene (G) nanoplatelets. An attempt has been made to synthesize G-SiO2 nanocomposite using sol-gel technique. The G-SiO2 nanocomposite is characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and Electrochemical and Electrical measurement technique, respectively. In this work, G-SiO2 nanoparticles with the water containing salts of zinc is added, and allowed to settle in water. The ZnCl2
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concentration displays a whitish color solution which has turned to colorless within one or two hours of treatment with G-SiO2 nanocomposites. The presence of heavy metal is tested using electrochemical cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique. The CV measurement on the water treated with G-SiO2 has been tested for several days to understand the presence of heavy metals in water. Interestingly, the near complete separation has been observed by treating the heavy metal contaminated water sample for one to two days in presence of G-SiO2 nanoparticles. The redox potential observed for the heavy metal has been found to diminish as a function of treatment with respect to time, and no redox peak is observed after the treatment for four to five days. Further test using EDS measurement indicates that the heavy metal ions are observed within the G-SiO2 nanocomposite. The recovery of G-SiO2 nanocomposite is obtained by washing using deionized water. Our experimental finding indicates that the G-SiO2 nanocomposite could be exploited for potential heavy metals cleaning from waste or drinking water.
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Mullins, M. "Subcellular localization of metals in metal tolerant higher plants." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384378.
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Wang, Jin 1954. "Extraction of heavy metals with supercritical carbon dioxide : a novel approach to heavy metal analysis and decontamination." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39890.
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The technique of extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO$ sb2$), which is now used routinely for the recovery of non-polar analytes from a variety of liquid and semipermeable solid media, was extended to the efficient extraction of metal ions. Measurements of the solubilities in SC-CO$ sb2$ corroborated the hypothesis that the non-polar character of a series of tetraalkylammoniun dialkyldithiocarbamates ion pairs was influenced (i) primarily by the chain length of the alkyl substituent(s) on the carbamate nitrogen and (ii) to a lesser extent, by the chain length of the alkyl substituent(s) on the ammonium counter ion. In operation, analyte metal(s) in aqueous medium was derivatized by in situ complexation with the dithiocarbamate complexing reagent and the product complex(es) was partitioned into the SC-CO$ sb2$ mobile phase then purged from the extractor by replacing the headspace with fresh solvent. A novel silica flame-in-tube interface was developed for the sensitive detection, by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), of As, Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, Se, or Zn in SC-CO$ sb2$ extractor eluate. For different analyte elements, the limits of detection (LODs) ranged from sub-nanogram to low picogram if standard was flow injected into the mobile phase. These sensitivities permitted differences in the rates of mobilization of different forms of the analyte metal from various media to be explored as a technique for probing the interaction of the analyte metal with the matrix. A portion of the Zn burden in fresh bovine liver was mobilized rapidly in the absence of complexing agent and the remainder was solubilized more rapidly than the Zn in a freeze-dried reference material of this tissue. The nebulizer assembly of a conventional flame-AAS was modified to extend the range of metals amenable to on-line detection. Supplemental heating of the inlet air to 200$ sp circ$C resulted in an on line detector which provided approximately a ten-fold improvement over convention
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Dey, Gopal Ch. "Application of functionalised chelating resins for selective sorption of metal ions with special reference to heavy metals." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1391.
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Walzer, Nicolas. "Anthropologie du metal extrême /." Rozières-en-Haye : Camion blanc, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41151654n.
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Mcdowell, Michael A. "Heavy South: Identity, Performance, and Heavy Music in the Southern Metal Scene." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6319.
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The Southern Metal scene depends heavily on the performance of a Southern Identity. While considerable research has been done on other musical genres and scenes from the American South (country music, blues, gospel music), less attention has been given to the extreme metal scene of Southern Metal. Using scholarship of Nadine Hubbs, Philip Auslander, Jefferey C. Alexander, and Keith Kahn Harris, among others, I analyze two films, Slow Southern Steel (2010) and NOLA: Life, Death, and Heavy Blues from the Bayou (2014), and one song, Down’s “Eyes of the South” as cultural productions of this Southern Metal scene. In this project, I define the musical elements and scene ethos of Southern Metal as they relate to a wider, more mainstream American audience and describe how these identities and cultural forms are produced, negotiated, and embodied.
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Körner, Stefan. "Theologie als Beat, Pop und Heavy Metal." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-101963.
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Der erste Eindruck, er täuscht. Viele Besucher, die das „Schallarchiv“ zum ersten Mal betreten, äußern sich verhalten, die leichte Enttäuschung kaum verhehlend: „Das ist es also“. Ja, das ist es, das weltgrößte Archiv für christliche Popmusik. Und in der Tat: 2.500 LPs sind optisch weit weniger eindrücklich als die gleiche Anzahl Bücher. Was sich aber in den Plattenhüllen, in den Rillen des Vinyl verbirgt, das hörbar wird, sobald die Nadel die Vertiefungen nach den darin eingepressten Tönen abtastet, bringt den Hörer unvermittelt ins Staunen. Manch angestaubte Platte lässt vernehmen, wie sehr sie sich gegen das Archivieren sträubt, wie gerne sie laut gehört werden will. Es ist also so eine Sache mit dem Sammeln und Aufbereiten eines Gegenstandes, der vom Wesen her nichts Museales an sich hat, sondern ein energiegeladenes Zeugnis musikalischen Ausdrucks religiöser Gefühle ist. Und so geht dem Archivar immer wieder Folgendes durch den Kopf: Und führt mich doch nicht schon wieder in Versuchung! In die Versuchung, die potentiellen und tatsächlichen Opfer wissenschaftlicher Neugier zu ihrem Recht kommen zu lassen, flüstern sie ihm doch täglich zu: Play me, and play me loud – manchmal zur Freude und manchmal zum Leidwesen der anderen Mitarbeiter.
[...]
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MacDonald, Hazel. "Heavy metal tolerance in filamentous green algae." Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329824.
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Knight, Bruce Philip. "Heavy metal speciation and bioavailability to microbes." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243803.
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Powell, Michael Ian. "Barnacles as monitors of heavy metal pollution." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.277482.
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Alhakawati, Mohamed Salem. "Heavy metal removal using polymer immobilised biomass." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274447.
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Palchetti, Ilaria. "Screen-printed sensors for heavy metal detection." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268129.
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Orofino, Maria J. "Heavy Metal ATPases from Archaeabacteria to Plants." Digital WPI, 2006. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/662.
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PIB-ATPases are membrane proteins that transport heavy metal ions across biological membranes upon ATP-hydrolysis. These enzymes contribute to metal homeostasis in archaeal, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Typically, most PIB-ATPases have eight transmembrane segments, one or more metal binding domains in the cytoplasmic N-terminal region and a series of amino acids conserved in all the members of this family. By sequence homology analysis, the metal specificity for most ATPases has been predicted. Here, we report studies on PIB-ATPases from different organisms. The first part of this work focuses in a group of ATPases from Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Transcription levels of HMA3, 4 and 8 were analyzed in different plant organs and in seedlings upon metal exposure. Tissue specificity was studied for HMA8 by generation of transgenic plants carrying a reporter gene downstream its promoter region. Attempts to determine metal specificity of proteins expressed in yeast cells were performed. Finally, in order to study the effects of removing the genes products from the plants, HMA4 and 8 mutant plants were identified. The second part describes a novel Pb-transport ATPase from a thermophilic archaeabacterium, Aeropyrum pernix. This enzyme is predicted to have only six transmembrane segments, no regulatory metal binding domains and unusual metal specificity. PbTP was cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli and partially purified. The enzyme retained its thermophilicity characteristics when isolated from its native lipid environment. The metal dependent ATPase activity was determined in the presence of different metals at 75ºC. The enzyme was highly activated by Pb2+ (Vmax: 23.6 µmol Pi/mg/h) and to a lesser extent by Zn2+, Hg2+ and Cd2+. Lead interacts with PbTP with high apparent affinity (K1/2: 4.6 µM). The enzymatic ATP hydrolysis was independent of cysteine or glutathione, suggesting direct interaction of the metal ions with the transmembrane transport sites.
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Brown, Joshua T. "The Energy Expenditure of Heavy Metal Drummers." TopSCHOLAR®, 2016. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1647.
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The purpose of this investigation is to examine the energy demand of heavy metal drummers during rehearsal in order to understand the physiological responses. This information may lead to a better understanding of energy expenditure and add to the compendium of physical activity.
The investigation consisted of eight apparently healthy 20 to 37-year-old males were recruited for this investigation. Information gathered during the drum test was average VO2, VO2peak, HR in beats per minute (bpm), metabolic equivalents (METs), and energy expenditure (EE) expressed in calories (kcals) per minute and per hour. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was used in addition to VO2 and HR values to assess physical demand. The Bruce Protocol maximal treadmill test was administered to compare the participants VO2max to their VO2peak while drumming.
The EE during the 40-minute drum test was 387.05 + 83 kcals with an estimated hourly EE of 567.33 + 111.7 kcals. VO2, VO2peak, VE, and HR was 21.4 + 4.1 ml/kg/min, 33.9 + 8.1 ml/kg/min, 63.5 + 19 L/min, and 150.4 + 13.6 bpm respectively. The average MET level reached was six. RPE was 13.8 + 1.2 and is expressed as “somewhat hard” in difficulty according to the ACSM. Those categorized as having an average level of fitness reached 50-59% of their VO2max while the two individuals categorized as having an excellent level of fitness reached 42-45% of their VO2max.
In conclusion, heavy metal drumming is a form of physical activity that is of moderate intensity and can be compared to other forms of recreational and work related physical activity.
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Plathe, Kelly Lee. "Nanoparticle - Heavy Metal Associations in Riverbed Sediments." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26229.
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Relationships between trace metals and nanoparticles were investigated using analytical transmission electron microscopy (aTEM) and asymmetric flow field flow fractionation (aFlFFF) coupled to both multi-angle laser light scattering (MALLS) and high resolution-inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (HR-ICPMS). Riverbed sediment samples were taken from the Clark Fork River in Montana, USA where a large-scale dam removal project has released reservoir sediment contaminated with toxic trace metals (namely Pb, Zn, Cu and As) which accumulated from one and a half centuries of mining activities upstream. An aqueous extraction method was used to attempt to separate the nanoparticles from the bulk sediment. After analysis of initial results, it was found that low density clays were being selected for in this process and made up a major portion of the particles within the extracts. However, it was also realized that the metals of interest were associated almost exclusively with nano-sized Fe and Ti oxides.
In order to more fully examine these relationships, a density separation method, using sodium polytungstate (2.8g/cm3), was developed to separate these higher density oxides from the lower density clays. The heavy fraction was then subjected to an aqueous extraction routine to extract the nanoparticulate fraction. FFF results indicated a smaller size distribution and more ideal fractionation with this method. The aFlFFF-HR-ICPMS profiles for Fe and Ti also matched strongly with the data for the trace metals. The majority of particles analyzed with the TEM were nano-sized Fe and Ti oxides (most commonly goethite, ferrihydrite and brookite), which typically had trace metals associated with them. In many cases, it was aggregates of these nano oxides that were found hosting trace metals. Nanoparticles and aggregates are known to behave differently than their bulk mineral phases or constituent particles, respectively. Nanoparticles are also capable of extended transport in the environment. For these reasons, it is important that their associations with toxic trace metals be extensively evaluated, as they will affect the bioavailability and toxicity of these metals with implications for any type of contaminant sediment relocation, dam removal or metal contaminated site.Ph. D.
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Burnley, Leigh-Emma. "Heavy Metal Resistance in the Genus Gluconobacter." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35993.
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The genus Gluconobacter is industrially important due to the ability to accomplish unusual and almost complete oxidation reactions (bioconversions) and to contaminate high sugar content products. Following preliminary evidence that some strains of Gluconobacter were resistant to cadmium, and realizing that cadmium resistance among gram-negative organisms is often encoded by an operon which also encodes cobalt and zinc resistance via an efflux mechanism, 10 strains of Gluconobacter were tested for heavy-metal resistance. Three of the 10 representative strains appeared to be resistant to cadmium chloride, and two were also resistant to cobalt- and zinc chloride. These strains, as well as two cadmium-sensitive strains were analyzed using PCR and sequencing to establish gene homology with Ralstonia eutropha, the most frequently studied Gram-negative bacterium exhibiting cadmium resistance. Amplification of two genes from the czc operon, known to encode cadmium, cobalt and zinc resistance in Ralstonia, was attempted in the three resistant and two sensitive strains of Gluconobacter. The gene, czcA, thought to encode the main pump protein of the efflux mechanism, was found in all Gluconobacter strains tested. However, amplification of a regulatory gene czcD, thought to sense the extracellular metal ion concentration, was not possible in the Gluconobacter strains tested. The PCR products were sequenced and analyzed for homology to the czc operon in Ralstonia. From the data gathered, it appears as though some strains of Gluconobacter contain at least a portion of the czc operon , encoding cadmium, cobalt and zinc resistance in Ralstonia eutropha.Master of Science
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Singh, Rajesh. "Role of Microorganisms in Heavy Metal Remediation." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1447974231.
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Lee, MyungHo. "Electrokinetic remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/144895.
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Malbrue, Courtney Michelle. "An Examination of Heavy Metal Vaporization from the Combustion of Black Liquor." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13949.
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The research focuses on the fate of heavy metals and their emissions from pulp mill recovery boilers. Heavy metals are extremely toxic and cause adverse effects on human health. There is limited information about factors affecting heavy metal vaporization from recovery boilers, in which spent pulping liquors, (also called black liquor) is burnt. The heavy metals are present in trace quantities in black liquor. They are emitted in the air as submicron particles, and their amount of emission depends on the input of metals into the recovery boiler, volatilization of metals in the boiler and the efficiency of the electrostatic precipitator (ESP) to remove the metals. The heavy metals vaporization from different recovery boilers vary widely and the reason is not known. My thesis will focus on determining what conditions affect the volatility of the heavy metals, and whether differences in heavy metal vaporization are due to differences in boiler operating conditions or the composition of the liquor.
I will examine black liquor pyrolysis, combustion and gasification in well-controlled laboratory conditions. I will analyze three different black liquors. The liquors will be spray-dried and burnt or gasified in a laminar entrained-flow reactor at high temperatures of 1000-1100C and residence times ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 s. Equilibrium calculations will be performed to determine the distribution of heavy metals and species under set conditions from previous devolatilization experiments. The equilibrium calculations will serve as a useful tool for prior estimation of the distribution of heavy metals. The impact of different liquors on volatilization of heavy metals in the experiments will be determined. The char residue and condensation aerosol (fume) particles from each experiment will be analyzed using ICP-AES. The amount of heavy metals volatilization during combustion and gasification will be determined based on the amount of the metals in the char residues and fume particles.
Based on the results of the experimental study combined with data from the equilibrium analysis program the main cause of variability in heavy metal vaporization can be found. Also the boiler operating conditions can be studied to determine its affects on the volatility of the heavy metals.
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Chow, Edith Chemistry Faculty of Science UNSW. "Peptide modified electrochemical sensors for the detection of heavy metal ions." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Chemistry, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/23354.
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In this research, the determination of trace concentrations of heavy metal ions was investigated using peptide modified electrochemical biosensors. The biosensor has several advantages over atomic absorption spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry by offering greater simplicity in use and the possibility of determining the bioavailability of heavy metals. Oligopeptides were modified on the electrode surface through the spontaneous self-assembly of thiols on gold. Firstly, 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) was self-assembled onto the gold surface followed by activation of the carboxyl groups using a combination of carbodiimide and succinimide chemistry for coupling of the N-terminus of the peptide to occur. Using this generic strategy, Gly-Gly-His was used for the determination of copper ions. Cu2+ was accumulated at the MPA-Gly-Gly-His modified electrode at open circuit potential followed by electrochemical measurements. The reduction of Cu2+ to form underpotential deposited copper in the Osteryoung square wave voltammogram was used for quantification. The influence of various factors on the performance was investigated and after the optimal conditions had been identified, the biosensor was used for Cu2+ calibration and was applied to the analysis of a real sample. For Cd2+ detection, two different peptides covalently attached to MPA were investigated, g-Glu-Cys-Gly (GSH) and His-Ser-Gln-Lys-Val-Phe, with the latter sensor exhibiting a lower Cd2+ detection limit, higher sensitivity and greater selectivity. Although the success of MPA as a peptide linker to the gold surface had been shown for the detection of Cu2+ and Cd2+, a more viable approach was necessary for the stable detection of a wider range of metal ions. A more stable self-assembled monolayer of thioctic acid (TA) was identified in which human angiotensin I was attached. This alternate modification procedure was superior to MPA-angiotensin I for Pb2+ detection in terms of stability and reusability with the drawback being sensitivity. The newly identified strategy was also applied to the determination of Ag+ using TA-methionine enkephalin modified electrodes. A sensor array for Cu2+ was also investigated as well as an extension to the simultaneous determination of multianalytes using four different modified electrodes. Combining a soft-modelling approach, the responses of Cu2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ could be deconvoluted.
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Kraemer, Ute. "Nickel hyperaccumulation in the genus Alyssum L." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318487.
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Rozycki, Torsten von. "Computational investigations of divalent heavy metal ion homeostasis." kostenfrei, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:4-359.
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Willemse, Chandre Monique. "Nanocomposite-graphene based platform for heavy metal detection." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8123_1323852117.
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This study reports the synthesis of graphene by oxidizing graphite to graphite oxide using H2SO4 and KMnO4 and reducing graphene oxide to graphene by using NaBH4. Graphene was then characterized using FT-IR, TEM, AFM, XRD, Raman spectroscopy and solid state NMR. Nafion-Graphene in combination with a mercury film electrode, bismuth film electrode and antimony film electrode was used as a sensing platform for trace metal analysis in 0.1 M acetate buffer (pH 4.6) at 120 s deposition time, using square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). Detection limits were calculated using 3Ïblank/slope. For practical applications recovery studies was done by spiking test samples with known concentrations of metal ions and comparing the results to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). This was then followed by real sample analyses.
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Sabet, Mitra Deliri, and n/a. "Aquatic plants as indicators of heavy metal contamination." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 1997. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061107.161814.
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Concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn, Mn, Fe and Pb) in the water columns,
aquatic plants and sediments of fourteen lakes of varied levels of pollution were
measured.
Correlation analysis was carried out between heavy metal concentrations in aquatic
plants and heavy metal concentrations in water and sediment. The aquatic plants
which accumulated heavy metals in their tissues in proportion to that in water and
sediments were identified.
The aquatic plants studied were: 8/yxa auberti Rich, Cabomba caroliniana Gray,
Ceratophyllum demersum L, Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Bron, Chara globularis,
Eichhornia crassipes Solmn, Hydrilla verticillata Royle, Ipomoea aquatica Forsk,
Limnophila aromatica (Lam.) Merr., Ludwigia adscendens (L) Hara, Nelumbo nucifera
Gaertn, Nymphaea stallata Linn, Nymphoides indica (L.) Kuntze, Typha angustata
Bony & Chaub and Utricularia aurea Lour.
Metal uptake by aquatic plants varied between different species and within the same
species depending on lake water contamination levels. The level of metal uptake to a
great extent was a function of the environment water metal concentration.
Results showed that Utricularia accumulated Mn, Zn, Cr, Cd and Pb in direct proportion
to the overlying waters (r2 = 0.69, 0.63, 0.69, 0.65 and 0.39 respectively). Hydrilla
accumulated Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe, Cr, Cd and Pb in direct proportion to the overlying waters
(r2 = 0.65, 0.66, 0.44, 0.72, 0.38, 0.63, and 0.73 respectively). Blyxa leaves
accumulated Zn, Fe, Cr, Cd and Pb in direct proportion to the overlying waters (r2 =
0.74, 0.74, 0.72, 0.60 and 0.82 respectively). Echhornia leaf accumulated only Cr in
direct proportion to the overlying waters r2 = 0.81. Nymphaea leaf and Chara did not
accumulate any metal in direct proportion to the overlying waters.
Roots of Blyxa auberti, Ceratopteris thalictroides, and Eichhornia crassipes contained
higher concentrations of heavy metals than their leaves. Roots of Blyxa accumulated
Cr, Cd and Pb in direct proportion to the overlying waters (r2 = 0.91, 0.65 and 0.69
respectively). Echhornia root accumulated Cd in direct proportion to the overlying
waters with r2 = 0.90. Nymphaea stem showed no significant correlations between the
metal concentrations in the waters and in the plant.
Utricularia accumulated Zn, Fe, Cr, Cd and Pb in direct proportion to the metals in the
underlying sediment extracted by cold hydrochloric acid (r2 = 0.84, 0.51, 0.47, 0.68 and
0.80 respectively). Hydrilla accumulated Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd and Pb in direct proportion to
the underlying sediment (r2 = 0.34, 0.37, 0.91, 0.49 and 0.96 respectively). Blyxa
accumulated Zn, Fe, Cr, Cd and Pb in direct proportion to the underlying sediments (r2
= 0.99, 0.61, 0.82, 0.75 and 0.64 respectively) . Echhornia leaf showed significant
correlation between the Cu (r2 = 0.83) and Cr (i2 = 0.88) concentration in underlying
sediment and the plant. Nymphaea leaf showed a significant correlation between the
Zn (r2 = 0.83) concentration in the plant and the underlying sediments.
Roots of Blyxa showed significant correlation between concentrations of Cu, Cr and Pb
in sediment extracted by hydrochloric acid and plant (r2 = 0.9, 0.7 and 0.9
respectively). Roots of Echhornia had no significant correlation with the sediment
metal concentrations (hydrochloric acid extractable).
Two techniques (cold hydrochloric acid extractable and nitric acid extractable) to
extract metals from sediment were compared. Based on correlations of metal
concentrations in plant tissue and metal extracted from the sediment, it was concluded
that the cold hydrochloric acid extractable metal technique is more suitable for
determining bioavailable sediment metal concentration in environmental studies.
Laboratory studies investigations on the bioaccumulation of Zn and Cu in Hydrilla
confirmed that Hydrilla is a good bioindicator of Cu as it accumulated 20360 ug/g dry
weight of Cu in 72 hours. Hydrilla showed higher bioaccumulation factor with low
concentration of Cu in the solution, in the laboratory studies.
Hydrilla was determined to be the best indicator species as it reflected the heavy metal
concentration in the environment which was supported by the laboratory studies.
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Daughney, Christopher J. "Selected geochemical reactions in heavy metal-chlorophenol systems." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ36968.pdf.
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Yan, Guangyu. "Heavy metal biosorption by the fungus, Mucor rouxii." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ60215.pdf.
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Lloyd, David Warren. "Mercury models, postmodernism, simulacra, and new heavy metal." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ60061.pdf.
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Stevens, Peter Roderick. "Blank shape analysis for heavy gauge metal forming." Thesis, Coventry University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.330058.
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Adams, C. "The chemistry of some heavy transition metal organometallics." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.595343.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis is concerned with the synthesis of some new organometallic and co-ordination compounds of platinum (in the main), tungsten and gold. Chapter 1 contains an overview of the field of platinum σ - acetylide chemistry from its origins to the present day, looking at structural types and the properties of this kind of compound. Chapter 2 contains details of the synthesis and characterisation of some novel bipyridyl containing platinum acetylides of the form cis-(tbu2bipy)Pt(-C≍C-R)2 (where R = Ph.p-C6H4-CH3, SiMe3, p-C6H4-NO2 and tbu2bipy = 4,4'-bis(tbutyl)-2,2'-bipyridine), looking at the IR, UV and NMR spectroscopy of these compounds and at the crystal structure of a representative member of this class. Some EHMO calculations pertaining to the HOMO and the LUMO of these compounds are presented, and EPR and in-situ spectroelectrochemical experiments that support these MO calculations are detailed. There is also a report on and a discussion of the attempted synthesis of some molecular squares. Chapter 3 looks at the use of the compounds detailed in Chapter 2 as chelating agents for copper and silver thiocyanate, tetrafluoroborate and perchlorate salts. The crystal structures of representatives of these are investigated, as is their electro-and spectro- chemical behaviour. Chapter 4 contains details of some new bis-pyridyl platinum acetylides of formula (npy)2Pt(-C≍C-R)2 (npy = 4-(5-nonylpyridine)), in which the platinum atom has mutually trans - acetylide ligands, and some polymeric species formed from these monomeric precursors and bis - acetylides containing chromophoric groups (bithiophene, terthophene and 9-fluorenone) are presented, and their optical and electronic properties investigated.
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Serot, Julie Lynn. "Heavy metal analysis in Heaviside's dolphins (Cephalorhyncus heavisidii)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193469.
Full textAbstract:
Skin and blubber tissue samples were collected from two hundred and six freeranging Heaviside’s dolphins (Cephalorhyncus heavisidii) during January through June of 2008, 2009, and 2010, along the coast of South Western Africa, to be analyzed for heavy metal concentration levels. Inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine sample solution concentrations of all metals (aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, selenium and zinc). Data provided by this thesis is the first reference of its kind for this species (Cephalorhyncus heavisidii), which is one of the least-known cetacean species in the world. In addition to baseline heavy metal concentration information for the Heaviside’s dolphin, meaningful population structural and ecological information was obtained. A level of site fidelity or specific movement pattern across certain sites was indicated by the presence of different concentration levels across individuals sampled in different areas, especially adjacent areas. With an investigation into the potential sources of the marine heavy metal contamination, it was deduced that these sources contributed to each site’s unique and characteristic toxicological and hydrological profile as reflected by the bioaccumulation patterns seen in this study. It was confirmed by this study that bioaccumulation levels are a meaningful and novel measure of population structure. Potential evidence of differences in bioaccumulation patterns between sexes was observed in this study, as well. Although not definitive, a difference in metabolism, heavy metal elimination, or ranging pattern between males and females was suggested by the results. Variation in the results suggests a deepened level of complexity in the physiological and ecological aspects of trace elements accumulation and detoxification in the tissue of an apex predator like the Heaviside’s dolphin. Finally, a general assessment of health implications for the species was established, and it was found that Heaviside’s dolphins have higher than average mammalian trace element concentrations, and higher than average concentrations as specifically compared with other odontocetes. Further research using a larger sample size and using internal organs will provide more insight and a deeper understanding of the novel information presented here.published_or_final_version
Biological Sciences
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Roby, David Allen. "Bastard offspring : heavy metal, hardcore punk, and metalcore." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1486.
Full textAbstract:
This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Arts and Humanities
Music
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Orueetxebarria, Mikel. "Remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil using bonemeal." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417229.
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Foner, Henry Albert. "Heavy metal pollution from combustion sources in Israel." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.277237.
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Le, Huquet Jeannette Anne. "Heavy metal-regulated gene expression in flowering plants." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241491.
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James, Patrick Alexander Bree. "Heavy metal uptake and separation using magnetotactic bacteria." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420196.
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Tognarelli, Donna M. "Heavy metal mobility in iron and steel waste." Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.742768.
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Delony, Daniel. "Proton Coupled Electron Transfer at Heavy Metal Sites." Doctoral thesis, Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0005-1546-5.
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Erenbo, Philip. "Heavy metal removal and water treatment using Upsalite." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nanoteknologi och funktionella material, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-328366.
Full textAbstract:
Ion exchange reactions between Upsalite, a mesoporous magnesium carbonate, and metal ions of cadmium, lead and nickel have been studied to evaluate the capacities of Upsalite as a water treatment agent. Uptake capacity and reaction kinetics have been evaluated using a batch experiment and atomic absorption spectroscopy. Post reaction materials from the reaction between Upsalite and each of the three metal ions have been investigated with XRD, SEM and TGA in order to determine what species have been formed during the ion exchange. The maximum uptake capacity of Upsalite was found to be 990 mg/g for cadmium ions and 470 mg/g for nickel ions. The evaluation of the uptake capacity of lead ions in Upsalite was not conclusive but the results indicate a maximum uptake capacity of at least 4400 mg/g. The uptake capacity for lead ions is to high be explained by ion exchange alone and is proposed to be from both ion exchange and adsorption. The reaction between Upsalite and cadmium ions resulted in the formation of crystalline CdCO3 (Otavite) with some parts of MgCO3 and crystalline MgO remaining from the original material. Post reaction materials from the reaction between nickel ions and Upsalite were found to be amorphous and contained both MgCO3 and crystalline MgO. The reaction between Upsalite and lead ions resulted in crystalline hydrocerussite (Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2).
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Smith, Erin. "Heavy Metal Accumulation in Seagrasses in Southeastern Florida." Thesis, NSUWorks, 2018. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/474.
Full textAbstract:
Seagrass beds are among the most ecologically important systems in the marine environment. They provide the primary production to nearby coral reef and mangrove communities, and seagrasses comprise a large component of the diets of many marine organisms including fishes, small invertebrate species, and many protected species such as manatees and sea turtles. This consumption provides a pathway for many contaminants to enter the marine food web via the seagrasses. The coastal location of seagrass beds causes them to be especially susceptible to anthropogenic pollution, including accumulation of heavy metals, which has been shown to have many adverse health effects in the seagrasses and marine organisms that feed on them. This study assessed the heavy metal concentrations of seagrasses in three regional locations in South Florida: Port of Miami, Card Sound Aquatic Preserve, and Florida Bay. Three species of seagrasses, Thalassia testudinum, Halodule wrightii, and Syringodium filiforme, which comprise the majority of South Florida seagrass beds, were collected monthly for a period of one year and analyzed for ten heavy metals: (arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), selenium (Se), zinc (Zn)). Concentrations were compared across locations, season, species, and plant part (leaves, shoots, roots, and rhizomes). Concentration ranges, in µg/g (ppm), found in seagrass tissues for all included locations, species, and plant parts were: As (0.02-2.95), Cd (0.09-10.72), Cu (0.38-33.68), Fe (1.52-1877.43), Pb (0.78-156.20), Mn (0.79-300.15), Hg (0.03-16.46), Ni (0.67-87.74), Se (0.01-4.79), Zn (1.48-669.44). Statistical analysis showed significant difference in concentrations among locations, season, species, and plant morphology.
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Hajar, Abdulrahman Said Muhammad. "The comparative ecology of Minuartia verna (L.) Hiern and Thlaspi alpestre L. in the southern pennines, with special reference to heavy metal tolerance." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1987. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1829/.
Full textAbstract:
Minuartia verna (L.) Hiern and Thiaspi alpestre L. are recognized as relict elements of a preglacial montane flora in the British Isles and, as such, display a markedly disjunct distribution pattern. Their present-day distribution shows a close association with metalliferous mine workings, particularly in the Pennines, where both species have become prominent components of the flora of calcareous lead mine wastes. By comparison with M. verna, T. alpestre is more restricted in its distribution and is a rarer species. The work reported in this thesis attempted to provide an explanation for this pattern of distribution in the southern Pennines on the basis of comparative studies of the autecology and genecology of the species, their population biology and dynamics in the field and their responses to competition from other species. Both field and laboratory studies confirmed that the two species were highly tolerant of the heavy metals lead, zinc and cadmium. Short- and long-term solution culture experiments on tolerance and uptake of these heavy metals by a range of populations of both species are reported. Tolerance to other toxic metals was also investigated. T. alpestre showed superior tolerance to M. verna in these experiments, and emerged as a metal-accumulating species. M. verna by contrast, operated some degree of metal exclusion, but metal uptake and distribution differed for the various metals in both species and seasonally. Differences in metal tolerance and uptake characteristics alone could not explain the different local distribution patterns in the field, as sites of similar metal status are colonized by both the two species together and by M. verna alone. A study of inter-population variation in morphological characters showed considerable genetically-based variation in both species. M. verna was however more variable. Some of the variation detected was interpreted as being ecotypic in origin. The contrasting breeding of the two species and their seed biology are considered to be major factors in explaining the present-day distributions of the two species. The tendency for inbreeding in T. alpestre has severely limited its genetic variability within populations and potential for spread. Seedling mortality of both species in their natural habitats is very high, and survival can be related to early shelter effects of neighbouring plants. Both species, however, emerge as weak competitors as predicted from their preference for open habitats with much more bare ground. The relevance of these studies to the interpretation of the present-day global distribution of the two species and their evolutionary biology is discussed.