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1
Zeng, Yong Gang, and Long Li. "Study on Treatment of Heavy Metal Lons of Chemical Wastewater by Ion Exchange Resin." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 2230–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.2230.
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This paper used the ion exchange resin method to treat the heavy metal ion Cu2+ of a chemical wastewater and studied the flow velocity, pH and the temperature’s effect on Cu2+ removal effect by macroporous strongly acidic styrene type cation exchange resin D001. The results shown that: when the flow velocity was 1.5 mL/min, pH was 6.0 and the temperature was 30°C, the removal rate of Cu2+ by D001 reached 99.8%. The chemical wastewater could achieve the wastewater’s discharge standard.
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KENAWY, I. M. M., M. A. H. HAFEZ, M. A. AKL, and R. R. LASHEIN. "Determination by AAS of Some Trace Heavy Metal lons in Some Natural and Biological Samples after Their Preconcentration Using Newly Chemically Modified Chloromethylated Polystyrene-PAN Ion-Exchanger." Analytical Sciences 16, no. 5 (2000): 493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.16.493.
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MATSUMOTO, Hisashi, Yoichi NODA, Yasuo GOTO, Junji KISHI, Takafumi NONOGAKI, and Takahide MORI. "The Effect of Heavy Metal lons on the in Vitro Development of Mouse Embryos: A Comparison of the Developmental Ability between Ham's F-10 and .ALPHA.-MEM." Journal of Reproduction and Development 39, no. 3 (1993): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1262/jrd.39.223.
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Csermely, P�ter, and J�nos Somogyi. "Tumor promoter 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) can reduce the Ca-transporting ability of Ca-lonophores in T lymphocytes: The involvement of intracellular heavy metal lons." Journal of Cellular Physiology 138, no. 3 (March 1989): 593–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041380321.
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Mühlbachová, G., J. Száková, and P. Tlustoš. "The heavy metal availability in long-term polluted soils as affected by EDTA and alfalfa meal treatments." Plant, Soil and Environment 58, No. 12 (November 26, 2012): 551–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/524/2012-pse.
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A 38-day incubation experiment was carried out in order to evaluate the response of plant-available portions of heavy metals in long-term contaminated arable and grassland soils on addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) meal. Soils with different soil management (arable and grassland) from the vicinity of a lead smelter were used in the experiment. Readily available heavy metal fractions of Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu increased in the presence of EDTA at the beginning of experiment. The increase of heavy metal availability was higher in the arable soil with lower content of soil organic carbon than in the grassland soil. Addition of EDTA increased content of K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>-extractable carbon which remained higher throughout the overall time of experiment. During the first part of the experiment, the alfalfa meal addition decreased the available metal concentrations in the EDTA-treated grassland soil whereas no effect of alfalfa meal was observed in EDTA-treated arable soil.
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Imran, Mohd, Iqbal Ahmad, Tharcisse Barasubiye, Hussein H. Abulreesh, Samreen Samreen, Mohammad Khalil Monjed, and Khaled Elbanna. "Heavy Metal Tolerance Among Free-living Fungi Isolated from Soil Receiving Long Term Application of Wastewater." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 14, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.14.1.17.
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Faix, S., Z. Faixova, K. Boldizarova, and P. Javorsky. "The effect of long-term high heavy metal intake on lipid peroxidation of gastrointestinal tissue in sheep." Veterinární Medicína 50, No. 9 (March 28, 2012): 401–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5639-vetmed.
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The present study was designed to determine the effects of dietary heavy metal intake on malondialdehyde levels (MDA, product of cellular lipid peroxidation) in the tissues of gastrointestinal tract, kidneys and liver of sheep. The experiment was carried out on twelve female sheep of mixed breed, weighing from 30 to 35 kg, one year old. The first group of sheep was bred in the conditions of laboratory farm. They had free access to hay and 300 g of barley per sheep was added daily. The second group grazed on a natural pasture in the environs of a factory processing copper ore. The second group of sheep had significantly higher concentrations of copper and cadmium in the tissues of rumen wall, duodenum, colon wall, liver and kidneys. The concentration of lead was significantly higher in the rumen wall, colon, liver and kidneys, but no differences were found in duodenum. The concentration of mercury was significantly higher only in the kidney tissue, but no differences were found in rumen wall, duodenum, colon wall and liver. The concentration of malondialdehyde was found significantly higher in reticulum epithelium, omasum, duodenum and colon. The significantly higher concentration of MDA was measured in colon wall and kidney medulla. The highest concentration of MDA was found in liver. Our results confirm that lipid peroxidation is one of the molecular mechanisms of cell injury in chronic heavy metal poisoning. The epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract of sheep is more sensitive to the oxidative damage induced by dietary heavy metal intake.
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Protasowicki, M. "Long term studies on heavy metals in aquatic organisms from the River Odra mouth area." Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 21, S (December 31, 1991): 301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3750/aip1991.21.s.32.
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Taraqqi-A-Kamal, A., Christopher J. Atkinson, Aimal Khan, Kaikai Zhang, Peng Sun, Sharmin Akther, and Yanrong Zhang. "Biochar remediation of soil: linking biochar production with function in heavy metal contaminated soils." Plant, Soil and Environment 67, No. 4 (March 30, 2021): 183–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/544/2020-pse.
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The focus of this study is on the soil physicochemical, biological, and microbiological processes altered by biochar application to heavy metal (HM) contaminated soils. The aim is to highlight agronomical and environmental issues by which the restorative capacity of biochar might be developed. Literature shows biochar can induce soil remediation, however, it is unclear how soil processes are linked mechanistically to biochar production and if these processes can be manipulated to enhance soil remediation. The literature often fails to contribute to an improved understanding of the mechanisms by which biochar alters soil function. It is clear that factors such as biochar feedstock, pyrolysis conditions, application rate, and soil type are determinants in biochar soil functionality. These factors are developed to enhance our insight into production routes and the benefits of biochar in HM soil remediation. Despite a large number of studies of biochar in soils, there is little understanding of long-term effects, this is particularly true with respect to the use and need for reapplication in soil remediation.
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Kim, Kwon-Rae, Gary Owens, and Ravi Naidu. "Heavy metal distribution, bioaccessibility, and phytoavailability in long-term contaminated soils from Lake Macquarie, Australia." Soil Research 47, no. 2 (2009): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr08054.
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This study was conducted to investigate the distribution, bioaccessibility, and phytoavailability of heavy metal(loids) in long-term contaminated soils within the vicinity of a lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) smelter in Lake Macquarie, NSW, Australia. Thirty-two representative surface (0–100 mm) soils were collected from the region surrounding the smelter. The soils were analysed for aqua regia extractable heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb), bioaccessibility using a simplified physiological-based extraction technique (SBET), and phytoavailability using 1 m NH4NO3 extractions, together with key soil properties known to influence metal speciation and availability. The area was found to be potentially contaminated with heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb) with many soil samples exceeding the Australian Health Investigation Levels for ‘Standard’ residential areas. Lead bioaccessibility ranged from 32 to 100% of the total Pb concentration, with bioaccessibility increasing as metal loading increased. Heavy metal phytoavailability was strongly related to soil pH for Cu (r2 = 0.84, P < 0.001), Pb (r2 = 0.70, P < 0.001), and Cd (r2 = 0.66, P < 0.001), implying that the phytoavailability of these heavy metal was mainly governed by soil acidity. Most significantly, the presence of multiple metals was found to influence metal phytoavailability. For example, the presence of Pb significantly influenced the phytoavailability of Cd (r2 = 0.89, P < 0.001) and Zn (r2 = 0.78, P < 0.001) in mixed heavy metal contaminated soils.
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Huang, Guangwei, Yiqi Fu, Han Xue, and Huibin Li. "A Century-Long Ex-Post Evaluation of a Countermeasure for a Serious Pollution Problem in Japan." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (November 23, 2018): 4385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124385.
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Current environmental literature provides insufficient information and analysis on how today’s environmental state was shaped by countermeasures to pollution taken in the last century, which could be characterized as a century of environmental degradation. Such a look back is crucial to better understand and predict how policy and countermeasure choices today may shape the world in the future. Following this line of reasoning, the present work conducted a post audit on the long-term consequence of a countermeasure against a major heavy metal pollution case caused by the operation of the Ashio Copper Mine in Japan. It examined this issue from both environmental and societal perspectives by document analysis, field investigation on the heavy metal concentration in the soils of a heavy mental catchment area and questionnaire survey on the public knowledge with regard to the copper mining contamination case as well. It shed new light on how environment may evolve via the interaction with human activities by identifying drivers behind major changes. It also revealed a gap between the reality and the public perception towards the consequence of the copper contamination. Such insights will deepen the discussion on what is sustainability and motivate further study to pursue sustainable development.
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Takáč, P., T. Szabová, Ľ. Kozáková, and M. Benková. "Heavy metals and their bioavailability from soils in the long-term polluted Central Spiš region of SR." Plant, Soil and Environment 55, No. 4 (May 5, 2009): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/21/2009-pse.
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The heavy metal contents and their bioavailability were monitored in soils of Central Spiš region of SR. This area belongs to long term contaminated and hygienically loaded areas. Soil contamination by heavy metals is caused especially by ore mining, processing and treatment. Soil samples from the Central Spiš contained higher proportions of mobile forms which corresponded to the following sequence Pb > Zn > Cu, while for mobilizable forms the sequence of investigated metals was as follows: Cu > Zn > Pb. Soil pH is one of the parameters that affect significantly the share of bioavailable forms of metals. Higher proportions of mobile fractions of metals were detected in samples taken from soils with acidic pH. Statistical processing confirmed a relationship between the percentage share of lead and zinc in the mobile form and the level of pH/KCl, which was significant for Zn: <I>r</I> = –0.53. The relationships for lead and copper were insignificant.
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Achmadi, Ivan, Boedi Setya, and Annur Ahadi. "The Effectiveness of the Combination of Seaweed (Gracillaria sp.), Blood Shells (Anadara granosa), and Zeolite as Biofilter in the Reduction of Heavy Metal Copper (Cu)." Journal of Marine and Coastal Science 9, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jmcs.v9i3.22293.
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Heavy metal Cu is an essential heavy metal that is a heavy metal needed to stimulate the activity of enzymes during metabolism. Cu metal has a tendency to be toxic as long as its presence has exceeded the threshold value. The metal-contaminated water environment has the potential to affect the surrounding environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Cu heavy metal reduction by using a combination of seaweed biofilter (Gracillaria sp.), Blood shells (Anadara granosa), and zeolites. This study uses a combination of biofilter between seaweed (Gracillaria sp.) And blood shells (Anadara granosa) with different concentrations in each treatment. The results showed the use of the right biofilter combination can reduce levels of heavy metals Cu. The initial content of heavy metal Cu is 1 mg / L to 0.119 mg / L, the best combination composition on P4.
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Wang, Sheng, Longyang Fang, Malcom Frimpong Dapaah, Qijian Niu, and Liang Cheng. "Bio-Remediation of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soil by Microbial-Induced Carbonate Precipitation (MICP)—A Critical Review." Sustainability 15, no. 9 (May 6, 2023): 7622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15097622.
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Biomineralization processes utilizing microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) have recently shown promise as an effective approach for remediating heavy metal contamination. This article offers a comprehensive review of the latest research on MICP-mediated heavy metal remediation, with a focus on the characteristics of heavy metals in the treated environment, such as copper, cadmium, lead, nickel, zinc, chromium, and mixed heavy metals. The review summarizes experimental results from various heavy metals treated by MICP, including the enrichment and screening of new urease-positive bacteria, the mineral structure of different heavy metal precipitates, and the efficiency of the MICP technology. Recent advancements in the MICP technology regarding heavy metal removal, long-term stability, and practical applications are also discussed. Additionally, the limitations of the technique and existing solutions are reviewed. In addition, it provides insights on future directions for further research and development of the MICP approach for heavy metal remediation, in order to optimize the technique and improve its efficiency. Overall, the review highlights the potential of MICP as a viable method for heavy metal remediation, offering promising results for the removal of a variety of heavy metal contaminants from contaminated environments.
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Hadžajlić, Hanan. "Heavy Metal and Globalization." AM Journal of Art and Media Studies, no. 17 (October 16, 2018): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.25038/am.v0i17.276.
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Heavy Metal is a specific, alternative music genre that exists on the fringe of popular music, where it is classified by its own culture: musical style, fashion, philosophy, symbolic language and political activism. For over five decades of the existence of heavy metal, its fans have developed various communication systems through different types of transnational networks, which significantly influenced the development of all aspects of metal culture, which relates both to divisions within the genre itself and to various philosophical and political aspects of heavy metal activism – of a global heavy metal society. Going through the processes of globalization, and so glocalization, heavy metal is today a significant part of popular culture in North and South America, Europe, Asia, Australia; while in some societies it represents the cultural practice of a long tradition with elements of cultural tourism, in some countries where conservative, religious policies are dominant, it represents subversive practices and encounters extreme criticism as well as penalties. Globalization in the context of the musical material itself is based on the movement from idiomatic, cultural and intercultural music patterns to transcultural – where heavy metal confronts the notion of one's own genre. Post-metal, the definition of a genre that goes beyond the aesthetic concepts of heavy metal, contains the potential of overcoming the genre itself. Article received: March 30, 2018; Article accepted: May 10, 2018; Published online: October 15, 2018; Preliminary report – Short CommunicationsHow to cite this article: Hadžajlič, Hanan. "Heavy Metal and Globalization." AM Journal of Art and Media Studies 17 (2018): 129−137. doi: 10.25038/am.v0i17.276
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Liu, Zhi Bin, Xin Ma, and Wen Long Dai. "Experimental Research on Engineering Property of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Kaolinite." Applied Mechanics and Materials 94-96 (September 2011): 1921–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.94-96.1921.
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Due to release and accumulation of industrial contaminants in natural soil in some regions, and the long-term interaction between leachate and clay which is adopted as isolation material of contaminants, the engineering property variation of clay soils after having been polluted by heavy metal ions gradually has drawn more and more attention of environmental geotechnical engineers. With relatively high chemical stability and low expansion coefficient kaolinite is widely distributed and usually used in engineering practice. In this research, Pb, Zn, and Cu-contaminated kaolinite specimens of controlled initial dry density and water content were manually prepared through static compaction. Then expansion capacity, unconfined compression, electrical resistivity and one-dimensional consolidation tests were conducted. It is found that the expansion capacity of contaminated kaolinite is influenced by the type and concentration of heavy metal ion. The unconfined compressive strength of heavy metal-contaminated kaolinite is decreased in a short period, but it may increase in a long term. Unconfined compressive strength of the same type of heavy metal-contaminated kaolinite will change with the contamination concentration. The electrical resistivity of kaolinite would be decreased when contaminated by heavy metal ions. The higher the contamination concentration is, the lower the electrical resistivity will be. All the compression indexes of heavy metal-contaminated kaolinite become lower than that of the clean kaolinite, and it also depends on both the type of heavy metal and contamination concentration. For the three types of heavy metal ions, Pb has the greatest influence on the engineering property of kaolinite, while the effects of Zn and Cu are quite similar.
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Wang, Xue, and Yan Li. "Preparation of Organic-Inorganic Composite Nanofiber Membranes and Their Use in the Removal of Heavy Metal Ions." Frontiers in Science and Engineering 3, no. 3 (March 20, 2023): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/fse.v3i3.4502.
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With the development of global industry development, environmental pollution has become increasingly prominent, among which heavy metal ions are highly toxic, easily soluble in water and soil, and not easy to deal with. Long-term exposure to Cr (VI), Cu (II), Pb (II) and other heavy metal ions will cause a series of diseases. Therefore, how to remove heavy metal ions from soil has become one of the research hotspots in recent years.
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Ida, Sylwan, and Thorin Eva. "Removal of Heavy Metals during Primary Treatment of Municipal Wastewater and Possibilities of Enhanced Removal: A Review." Water 13, no. 8 (April 19, 2021): 1121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13081121.
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Resource reuse has become an important aspect of wastewater management. At present, use of sludge in agriculture is one of the major reuse routes. Conventional municipal wastewater treatment does not involve any designated process for removal of heavy metals, and these distribute mainly between effluent and sludge. Enhanced removal of heavy metals during primary treatment may decrease the heavy metal concentrations in both effluent and sludge from secondary treatment and promote long-term reuse of secondary sludge. This review considers heavy metal occurrence and removal during primary settling, together with possible treatment technologies for heavy metal removal in primary settlers and their theoretical performance. The variation in total heavy metal concentrations and dissolved fraction in raw municipal wastewater points to a need for site-specific assessments of appropriate technologies for improved heavy metal removal. Studies examining the heavy metal speciation beyond dissolved/particulate are few. Missing or disparate information on process parameters such as hydraulic retention time, pH and composition of return flows makes it hard to generalize the findings from studies concerning heavy metal removal in primary settlers. Coagulation/flocculation and use of low-cost sorbents were identified as the most promising methods for enhancing heavy metal removal during primary settling. Based on the available data on heavy metal speciation and removal during primary settling, sorption technologies may be most effective for enhancing the removal of Cu and Ni, while coagulation may be efficient for Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn and Hg removal (but not as efficient for Ni removal).
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Silveira, Maria Lucia Azevedo, Luís Reynaldo Ferracciú Alleoni, and Luiz Roberto Guimarães Guilherme. "Biosolids and heavy metals in soils." Scientia Agricola 60, no. 4 (December 2003): 793–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162003000400029.
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The application of sewage sludge or biosolids on soils has been widespread in agricultural areas. However, depending on their characteristics, they may cause increase in heavy metal concentration of treated soils. In general, domestic biosolids have lower heavy metal contents than industrial ones. Origin and treatment method of biosolids may markedly influence their characteristics. The legislation that controls the levels of heavy metal contents in biosolids and the maximum concentrations in soils is still controversial. In the long-term, heavy metal behavior after the and of biosolid application is still unknown. In soils, heavy metals may be adsorbed via specific or non-specific adsorption reactions. Iron oxides and organic matter are the most important soil constituents retaining heavy metals. The pH, CEC and the presence of competing ions also affect heavy metal adsorption and speciation in soils. In solution, heavy metals can be present either as free-ions or complexed with organic and inorganic ligands. Generally, free-ions are more relevant in environmental pollution studies since they are readily bioavailable. Some computer models can estimate heavy metal activity in solution and their ionic speciation. Thermodynamic data (thermodynamic stability constant), total metal and ligand concentrations are used by the GEOCHEM-PC program. This program allows studying heavy metal behavior in solution and the effect of changes in the conditions, such as pH and ionic strength and the application of organic and inorganic ligands caused by soil fertilization.
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Syed Salleh, Sharifah Nur Amalina, and Azlan Abas. "Monitoring Heavy Metal Concentrations Using Transplanted Lichen in a Tourism City of Malaysia." Sustainability 15, no. 7 (March 28, 2023): 5885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15075885.
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Heavy metals are major pollutants in tourist cities due to transportation and urbanization. This study aimed to assess heavy metal concentrations using transplanted lichen in tourist cities. The project was conducted in Malacca, Malaysia, using transplanted Usnea misaminensis lichen at ten sampling stations. After one month, these lichen samples were collected and heavy metal analysis was carried out in a lab using ICP-MS. Other factors, such as the number of vehicles, temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed, were also recorded. The results indicated that the heavy metal concentrations in Malacca were higher than at the control station. The ranking of heavy metal concentrations in the study areas was Fe > Zn > Mn > Pb > Cr > Cu. Furthermore, a positive correlation was also found between the number of vehicles and temperature with the heavy metal concentrations determined within the study areas, while relative humidity and wind speed showed a negative correlation with the heavy metal concentrations detected. The usage of lichens to observe and monitor the chemical compositions in the atmosphere is considered to be relevant these days because they allow for long-term data from the ecosystem to be obtained due to their long life span. This research also emphasizes the need for a better plan for Malacca. Local authorities need to re-plan and redesign Malacca to ensure that pollutants can be flushed out, the city looks greener and cooler, and more non-motor vehicles are used as public transport.
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Surampalli, R. Y., K. C. K. Lai, S. K. Banerji, J. Smith, R. D. Tyagi, and B. N. Lohani. "Long-term land application of biosolids–a case study." Water Science and Technology 57, no. 3 (February 1, 2008): 345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.024.
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Impact of long-term land application of biosolids on groundwater and soil quality of an application site, which had been operated for 8–15 years, was evaluated in this study. During and after the biosolids application, biosolids-amended soil, groundwater, and background soil samples were collected mainly for pathogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and heavy metal analyses. Soil test data showed that there was no heavy metal accumulation in the biosolids-amended soil even after 10 years of biosolids application. Similar results were also observed from the groundwater samples in which the heavy metal concentrations in all groundwater samples were well below the maximum contamination levels of the drinking water standards. In addition, bacteriological levels of the soil and groundwater samples were close to the background level and below the permissible limits, respectively, thereby showing no pathogen contamination. However, nitrate-nitrogen contamination of the groundwater was occasionally observed probably due to an excess loading of the biosolids in the past. This problem can be alleviated by applying biosolids at agronomic rates so that no excess nitrogen is available for leaching down to the groundwater.
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Alnaimy, Manal A., Sahar A. Shahin, Zuzana Vranayova, Martina Zelenakova, and Enas Mohamed Wagdi Abdel-Hamed. "Long-Term Impact of Wastewater Irrigation on Soil Pollution and Degradation: A Case Study from Egypt." Water 13, no. 16 (August 17, 2021): 2245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13162245.
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There is consensus on the impact of wastewater irrigation on soil properties and heavy metal accumulation. The studies that show the impact of temporal changes as a result of different long-term additions of wastewater on the heavy metal accumulation and degradation of soil are extremely limited. This study was carried out to assess heavy metal contamination in soils irrigated with wastewater for more than 30 years in Egypt. A total number of 12 irrigation water samples and 12 soil profiles were collected during 2020 and were chemically characterized. The results showed that soils irrigated with wastewater over the long term contained significantly higher concentrations of heavy metals compared to fields irrigated with fresh water. Heavy metal levels in water and soil samples were within the permissible limits, with the exception of Cd concentration in water (0.03 mg L−1). Continuous cultivation for a long period of time (30 years) using raw urban wastewater application has led to the adverse effect of increasingly available Pb concentration (5.44 mg kg−1). Similar temporal behavior was seen for Cd and Fe, which increased by 0.98 and 11.2 mg kg−1, respectively, after 30 years. The heavy metals in wastewater-irrigated soils significantly increased in clayey soils, as compared to sandy soils irrigated from the same source. Our findings provide important information for decision makers in Egypt and similar countries for the development of a strategy for the use of wastewater in irrigation for sustainable agricultural management.
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Takács, Zoltán, Zsolt Csintalan, and Zoltán Tuba. "Responses of the Lichen Cladonia convoluta to High CO2 Level and Heavy Metal Treatment." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 54, no. 9-10 (October 1, 1999): 797–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1999-9-1028.
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Despite of the downward acclimation of photosynthesis in C. convoluta, increased net photosynthesis and carbon balance can be anticipated in response to elevated atmospheric CO2 level. CO2 exchange measurement seems to be more indicative when detecting heavy metal stress than fluorescence parameters. Among these, the relative fluorescence decrease ratio (RFd690) shows damage first, suggesting that the primary attack site for heavy metal ions is CO2 fixation and reaction centres are harmed last. Long-term elevated CO2 ameliorates partly this damage by improving C-balance to a greater extent in the heavy-metal stressed lichens
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Gjorgieva Ackova, Darinka. "Heavy metals and their general toxicity for plants." Plant Science Today 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.2018.5.1.355.
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Heavy metals are important environmental pollutants, and their toxicity is a serious problem of great concern for environmental, ecological, nutritional and toxicological reasons. Metals can affected long list of physiological and biochemical processes in plants and their toxicity varies with plant species, particular metal, metal concentration and it chemical form. Throughout the world, researches have been conducted extensive investigations to determine the effects of toxic heavy metals on plants. The process is still going on and the need of intensification of the research programmes for better understanding of heavy metal toxicity is evident.
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Liekytė, Aistė, Raimondas Leopoldas Idzelis, and Nijolė Kazlauskienė. "RESEARCH INTO THE EFFECT OF HEAVY METALS AND THEIR BINARY MIXTURE ON THE CARDIO-RESPIRATORY SYSTEM OF FISH LARVAE / SUNKIŲJŲ METALŲ IR JŲ BINARINIO MIŠINIO POVEIKIO ŽUVŲ KARDIORESPIRACINEI SISTEMAI ANKSTYVOJOJE ONTOGENEZĖJE TYRIMAI." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 3, no. 5 (December 19, 2011): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2011.083.
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This article investigates toxic effects of heavy metals (Ni, Cu) and their binary mixture (Ni+Cu) on the cardio-respiratory system of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) larvae depending on the type of metal, metal concentration and the duration of their exposure. The one-day larvae of rainbow trout were exposed to Ni (0,1; 0,2 mg/l, respectively), Cu (0,25; 0;5 mg/l, respectively) and their binary mixture. During long-term exposure (30 days), the physiological parameters of larvae, e.g. heart rate (counts/min), gill ventilation frequency (counts/min) after 5, 10 and 20 days of exposure were recorded. During experimental studies, the effects of heavy metals and their binary mixture on the heart rate and gill ventilation frequency of rainbow trout larvae depending on the type of metal, their concentrations and exposure duration were determined. Consequently, comparative studies on toxic effects of heavy metals and their binary mixture on the cardio-respiratory system of rainbow trout larvae showed that the binary mixture was more toxic to larvae than to single metals. Santrauka Šiame straipsnyje nagrinėjamas sunkiųjų metalų (Ni, Cu) ir jų binarinio mišinio (Ni + Cu) toksinis poveikis vaivorykštinio upėtakio (Oncorhynchus mykiss) lervų kardiorespiracinei sistemai, priklausomai nuo veikiamo metalo rūšies, metalų koncentracijos ir ekspozicijos trukmės. Vaivorykštinio upėtakio vienadienės lervos buvo veikiamos Ni (0,1; 0,2 mg/l), Cu (0,25; 0,5 mg/l) ir jų binariniu mišiniu. Ilgalaikio tyrimo metu (30 parų) buvo registruojami lervų fiziologiniai rodikliai – širdies ir kvėpavimo dažniai (krt./min.) po 5, 10 ir 20 parų ekspozicijos. Atlikus eksperimentinius tyrimus, nustatytas sunkiųjų metalų ir jų binarinio mišinio poveikis vaivorykštinio upėtakio lervų širdies ir kvėpavimo dažniams, priklausomai nuo veikiamo metalo rūšies, koncentracijos ir ekspozicijos trukmės. Tyrimo rezultatai rodo, kad atskirų sunkiųjų metalų (Ni, Cu) poveikis lervų kardiorespiracinei sistemai silpnesnis, nei veikiant metalų binariniu mišiniu.
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Holdridge, Genevieve, Søren M. Kristiansen, Gry H. Barfod, Tim C. Kinnaird, Achim Lichtenberger, Jesper Olsen, Bente Philippsen, Rubina Raja, and Ian Simpson. "A Roman provincial city and its contamination legacy from artisanal and daily-life activities." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 9, 2021): e0251923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251923.
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Roman metal use and related extraction activities resulted in heavy metal pollution and contamination, in particular of Pb near ancient mines and harbors, as well as producing a global atmospheric impact. New evidence from ancient Gerasa (Jerash), Jordan, suggests that small-scale but intense Roman, Byzantine and Umayyad period urban, artisanal, and everyday site activities contributed to substantial heavy metal contamination of the city and its hinterland wadi, even though no metal mining took place and hardly any lead water pipes were used. Distribution of heavy metal contaminants, especially Pb, observed in the urban soils and sediments within this ancient city and its hinterland wadi resulted from aeolian, fluvial, cultural and post-depositional processes. These represent the contamination pathways of an ancient city-hinterland setting and reflect long-term anthropogenic legacies at local and regional scales beginning in the Roman period. Thus, urban use and re-use of heavy metal sources should be factored into understanding historical global-scale contaminant distributions.
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Li, Shu, Yuxin Zhao, Ya Xu, Rongbin Xu, Yuqiang Liu, Shuna Sun, and Mengting Zhou. "Heavy Metals from NEFA Recycling as a Road Base Material: Release Dynamics and Impacts on a Shallow Aquifer." Water 15, no. 10 (May 16, 2023): 1885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15101885.
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The recycling of fly ash for structural fill uses, such as road base materials, is the most promising avenue to dissipate fly ash. Traditional risk assessment methods do not take into account the ultra-alkaline nature of new emerging fly ash (NEFA) and may underestimate the risk of long-term release of heavy metals and contamination of shallow diving when fly ash is utilized as a road base material. In this study, carbonation experiments are used to reveal the heavy metal release characteristics of NEFA under natural aging conditions and to assess the environmental risk and regional variability characteristics of pollutant release to shallow aquifers under the new fly ash road utilization scenario based on process modeling and Monte Carlo methods. The results showed that the heavy metal release concentrations in carbonized NEFA increased by a factor of 1.17–114.56 with natural aging. This would result in a dramatic increase in the shallow aquifer contamination risk when this material is used as a road base in typical areas. Exposure concentrations of four heavy metals, Ni, Cu, Zn, and As, increased by 1.27–113.89 times, and Cd concentrations increased from 0 mg/L to 0.055 mg/L. Ground infiltration differences due to regional differences in rainfall and other factors lead to differences in the shallow aquifer contamination risk in different areas. Heavy metal exposure concentrations can vary by up to 1.55 times. The results of the study confirm the significant long-term increase in heavy metal release and risk under NEFA resource utilization conditions and the shortcomings of traditional methods in characterizing their release and risk dynamics. In response, it is recommended that attention be paid to the long-term risk of NEFA resource utilization and that a methodological system for characterizing the heavy metal release potential and risk assessment of NEFA be developed.
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Cheung, Sinming, Yalin Cao, and Quansheng Jiang. "Study on Removal of Heavy Metal Pollution from Water by Biochar and Its Composite Materials." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 40 (March 29, 2023): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v40i.6634.
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Heavy metal pollution is a long-term pollution problem that is difficult to control. Water microorganisms cannot directly degrade heavy metals, and heavy metals can produce mutual transformation, dispersion and enrichment in various forms in water. Adsorption is the most effective techniques to remove harmful heavy metals from water. Biochar (BC) and its composite materials, because of their simple and abundant source, abundant pore structure and unique surface chemical properties, are a new type of efficient adsorption material. Their technical development offers a new idea for solving the heavy metal pollution condition in water and preparing adsorbent required by adsorption method. In this paper, the preparation method of biochar and its composite materials, the mechanism and principle of heavy metals adsorption in water are reviewed, also development prospect of the biochar for application composite materials in the heavy metal pollution for treatment in the future is discussed.
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Raji, Zarifeh, Ahasanul Karim, Antoine Karam, and Seddik Khalloufi. "Adsorption of Heavy Metals: Mechanisms, Kinetics, and Applications of Various Adsorbents in Wastewater Remediation—A Review." Waste 1, no. 3 (September 6, 2023): 775–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/waste1030046.
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Heavy metal contamination in wastewater is a significant concern for human health and the environment, prompting increased efforts to develop efficient and sustainable removal methods. Despite significant efforts in the last few decades, further research initiatives remain vital to comprehensively address the long-term performance and practical scalability of various adsorption methods and adsorbents for heavy metal remediation. This article aims to provide an overview of the mechanisms, kinetics, and applications of diverse adsorbents in remediating heavy metal-contaminated effluents. Physical and chemical processes, including ion exchange, complexation, electrostatic attraction, and surface precipitation, play essential roles in heavy metal adsorption. The kinetics of adsorption, influenced by factors such as contact time, temperature, and concentration, directly impact the rate and effectiveness of metal removal. This review presents an exhaustive analysis of the various adsorbents, categorized as activated carbon, biological adsorbents, agricultural waste-based materials, and nanomaterials, which possess distinct advantages and disadvantages that are linked to their surface area, porosity, surface chemistry, and metal ion concentration. To overcome challenges posed by heavy metal contamination, additional research is necessary to optimize adsorbent performance, explore novel materials, and devise cost-effective and sustainable solutions. This comprehensive overview of adsorption mechanisms, kinetics, and diverse adsorbents lays the foundation for further research and innovation in designing optimized adsorption systems and discovering new materials for sustainable heavy metal remediation in wastewater.
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Yu, Xiao Hong, Zhen Xin Gu, Rong Shao, Hong Xing Chen, Xiang Jin Wu, and Wei Xu. "Study on Adsorbing Chromium(VI) Ions in Wastewater by Aureobacidium pullulans Secretion of Melanin." Advanced Materials Research 156-157 (October 2010): 1378–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.156-157.1378.
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Heavy water is a class of highly contaminated waste water, even if the concentration is small, it can cause harm, and the toxicity is long-term sustainability.In this paper, Aureobasidium pullulans secretion of melanin were used for adsorption of Cr6+ ions in waste water.Aureobasidium pullulans strain were activated, cultured for seed and fermented, so that secreted melanin. The Aureobasidium pullulans secretion of melanin were made of dry cell, four factors such as pH, time, amount of bacteria,temperature and three level orthogonal experimental made for adsorption of chromium metal.Results showed, adsorption of chromium metal by dry cells for the best conditions: control temperature 30 , pH 3, the adsorption time was 2 hours, the absorption rate was 27%; and reached the four factors on the adsorption of Cr6+ for Aureobasidium pullulans followed the order: pH> bacteria amount> of time> temperature. In the best adsorption conditions were wet cell assay for adsorption of chromium metal. With 4% (V/V) hydrogen peroxide of 0.01ml/mg bleaching for the dry and wet cell, then for its adsorption of chrome metal. The results showed that the order of effect on adsorption of heavey metal ions by Aureobasidium were: the dry cells secretion of melanin> the wet cells secretion of melanin > decolorized dry cells> decolorized wet cells. It showed that adsorption ability of heavy metals by Aureobasidium pullulans was related to its secretion of melanin.
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DOĞAN, Mustafa, and Yaşar ALUÇ. "Stentin İn vitro bozunma hızı ve toksik bozunma ürünleri." Uluslararası Muhendislik Arastirma ve Gelistirme Dergisi 14, no. 2 (July 31, 2022): 653–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.29137/umagd.1089249.
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Medical stents are tubes made of a metal or plastic wire mesh. They are inserted into a hollow structure of a body part to keep an anatomic vessel or passageway open. Stents placed in the body can cause toxic effects by releasing metal ions into the body, and can also cause harmful effects on the body by creating corrosion products. In this study, the decomposition rate and release of corrosion products in artificial body fluid (PBS) of a stent sample with a nitinol structure produced for medical purposes were examined. If any metal decomposes in the body, it can endanger human life and can damage the body via heavy metal residues and toxic radical products that accumulate over long periods in the body. An in vitro degradation test was performed according to the standard 10993-13 and metal release values were found after short periods (one month) for nitinol. In the present study, the release values and possible toxic effects of nickel and titanium within the body with long-term intra-body use were examined. By calculating the mass loss caused by degradation, its relationship to heavy metal release inside the body and the possible side effects on human health of heavy metal residues were evaluated. Low metal ion release values of heavy metals resulting from degradation were determined by the ICP-OES device. Physical changes (diameter) in the surface of stent parts were also measured to compare and evaluate with the degradation rates.
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Gan, Wenxia, Yuxuan Zhang, Jinying Xu, Ruqin Yang, Anna Xiao, and Xiaodi Hu. "Spatial Distribution of Soil Heavy Metal Concentrations in Road-Neighboring Areas Using UAV-Based Hyperspectral Remote Sensing and GIS Technology." Sustainability 15, no. 13 (June 25, 2023): 10043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151310043.
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Monitoring and restoring soil quality in areas neighboring roads affected by traffic activities require a thorough investigation of heavy metal concentrations. This study examines the spatial heterogeneity of copper (Cu) and chromium (Cr) concentrations in a 0.113 km² area adjacent to Jin-Long Avenue in Wuhan, China, using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-based hyperspectral remote sensing technology. Through this UAV-based remote sensing technology, we innovatively achieve a small-scale and fine-grained analysis of soil heavy metal pollution related with traffic activities, which represents a major contribution of this research study. In our approach, we generated 4375 spectral variates by transforming the original spectrum. To enhance result accuracy, we applied the Boruta algorithm and correlation analysis to select optimal spectral variates. We developed the retrieval model using the Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT) regression method, selected from a set of four regression methods using the LOOCV method. The resulting model yielded R-square values of 0.325 and 0.351 for Cu and Cr, respectively, providing valuable insights into the heavy metal concentrations. Based on the retrieved heavy metal concentrations from bare soil pixels (17,420 points), we analyzed the relationship between heavy metal concentrations and the perpendicular distance from the road. Additionally, we employed the universal kriging interpolation method to map heavy metal concentrations across the entire area. Our findings reveal that the concentration of heavy metals in this area exceeds background values and decreases as the distance from the road increases. This research significantly contributes to the understanding of spatial distribution characteristics and pollution caused by heavy metal concentrations resulting from traffic activities.
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Yao, Qi, Yufen Wang, Yuting Gao, Yuanchao Ma, and Tianheng Zheng. "Research Progress on Remediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil in Mines." Scientific Journal of Technology 4, no. 12 (January 3, 2023): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/sjt.v4i12.3275.
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The environmental problems caused by heavy metal pollution in mines are becoming more and more serious, especially the large-scale heavy metal pollution will cause the waste of land resources. At present, there are many remediation methods for heavy metal contaminated soil in mines, and the results of research and practice are scattered, without big data analysis. This paper summarizes the current remediation methods of heavy metal contaminated soil in mines, and puts forward some suggestions for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil in mines in the future. China is one of the countries rich in mineral resources. With the rapid growth of national economy, the development speed of mineral resources is accelerating, forming a large area of mined-out areas and abandoned land of metal mines, and the land area polluted by mineral resources development is expanding accordingly. The development of metal mines not only promotes the development of national economy, but also brings severe environmental problems. Chemical agents are usually used in the mining and dressing process of metal mines, and the harmful substances produced are fixed in the soil after circulation, which causes soil pollution and damages to the soil in different degrees. Soil pollution in metal mines is hidden, irreversible and lasting for a long time. Heavy metals are ingested by human body through food chain flow and atmospheric circulation, threatening human health and ecological security. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the state attaches great importance to the construction of ecological civilization. Mine ecological restoration is one of the quantitative indicators assessed by local governments, and the restoration of heavy metal contaminated soil is an unavoidable problem. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct in-depth research and try to find the best solution.
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Bell, Paul F., Bruce R. James, and Rufus L. Chaney. "Heavy Metal Extractability in Long‐Term Sewage Sludge and Metal Salt‐Amended Soils." Journal of Environmental Quality 20, no. 2 (April 1991): 481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1991.00472425002000020023x.
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Kurniawan, Andri, and Diah Mustikasari. "Review: Mekanisme Akumulasi Logam Berat di Ekosistem Pascatambang Timah." Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan 17, no. 3 (December 9, 2019): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jil.17.3.408-415.
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Tin exploration and exploitation activiy have caused damages and changes of ecosystem. The macroecosystem can caused to microecosystem changes directly. One of ecological effect was caused by tin mining, that heavy metal existence. The heavy metal accumulation can influenced chemical and physical structure of an ecosystem such as pH value and high level of heavy metal residue. The extrem of physical and chemical status impacted to ability of macro and microorganisms to survive in the environment. This articles review aims to describe the potential of heavy metals contamination like As, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, and Zn that found in tin mining locations, its toxicity, the machanisms of heavy metals accumulation in an organism, and treatments for decontaminant by bioremediation. This review’ expectancy can be an important information in a management of ex-tin mining for environment utilization and development in long lasting and sustainable.
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Ghosh, Jibon Kumar, Md Shahidul Islam, Md Tariqul Islam, Md Mahedul Islam Murad, and Md Mahabubur Rahman. "Effect of Traditional Cooking Method on the Heavy Metal Content of Four Selected Farmed Carp Species And Assessment of Possible Human Health Risk." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 9, no. 3 (January 19, 2023): 367–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v9i3.63972.
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The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of traditional Bengal culinary practice on the heavy metal content of four carp species (Labeo rohita, Catla catla, Cirrhinus cirrhosus, and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Fish samples were collected from seven different farms located in the Rajshahi district of Bangladesh. The collected samples were processed and cooked in a traditional currying method and concentrations of five heavy metals (Pb, Co, Cr, Cd, and Ni) were assessed in raw and cooked fish using a flame atomic spectrophotometer. Heavy metal concentrations were significantly reduced in the cooked samples with a few exceptions. The metal pollution index (MPI) indicated that the most amount of heavy metals was lost in C. cirrhosus followed by H. molitrix, L rohita, and C. catla. Pb was the most abundant and consumed of the tested heavy metals in the cooked fish followed by Co, Ni, Cd, and Cr respectively. Health risk index (HRI) and target hazard quotient (THQ) revealed that individual heavy metal intake from cooked fish does not pose any threat to human health. However, the hazard index (HI) of the accumulated heavy metals in the cooked fish suggested that the long-term effect of consuming heavy metal contaminated fish could collectively lead to possible non-carcinogenic health complexities. Additionally, HI also implied that the highest degree of health risk is associated with the consumption of H. molitrix and the least with L. rohita.
Vol. 9, No. 3, December 2022: 367-376
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Kuzmina, Nadezhda, Sergey Menshchikov, Pavel Mohnachev, Konstantin Zavyalov, Irina Petrova, Halil Baris Ozel, Burak Aricak, Saadettin Murat Onat, and Hakan Sevik. "Change of aluminum concentrations in specific plants by species, organ, washing, and traffic density." BioResources 18, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 792–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.18.1.792-803.
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One of the most critical problems throughout the world is air pollution, causing the death of millions of individuals annually, and it is reported that 90% of the global population breathes polluted air. Among the components of air pollution, the most harmful ones are the heavy metals, which can remain non-degraded in nature for a long time, bio-accumulate in living organisms, and be toxic or carcinogenic at low concentrations. Hence, monitoring and reducing heavy metal pollution in the air are high-priority research topics. Heavy metals can accumulate within various organs of plants grown in an environment with an increased level of heavy metal pollution. The metal analyses on these organs can provide insight into the heavy metal pollution in the air. In the present study, the concentrations of aluminum (Al), one of the most important heavy metals, were determined in the different organs of five plant species grown in regions with different traffic densities. Remarkable changes were observed in the Al concentrations in all the organs of species, which were examined here by organ and traffic density. The highest values were obtained from the organs of plants grown in no-traffic regions.
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Zhang, Yu, Wenhui Xiong, Shan Yang, Hui Ai, Zhiwen Zou, and Bin Xia. "Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Cadmium on Development, Reproduction and Antioxidant Enzymes of Aleuroglyphus ovatus (Acari: Acaridae)." Insects 13, no. 10 (September 30, 2022): 895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13100895.
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Grain contaminated by cadmium (Cd) has become a serious food security problem, and it is necessary to determine and evaluate the toxic effect and defense mechanism of long-term heavy metal pollution in grain. In order to evaluate the effects of long-term heavy metal Cd stress on the stored grain pests, Aleuroglyphus ovatus were fed with an artificial diet supplemented with different concentrations of Cd (0, 5, 10, 20 mg/kg). The development, fecundity and detoxification enzymes of A. ovatus were analyzed and observed. In this study, the immature duration of A. ovatus was significantly prolonged under long-term Cd stress. Moreover, the survival duration of female adults was significantly shortened. The total number of eggs laid and the daily number laid per female adult decreased significantly. There were significant differences in protein content at protonymph and tritonymph stages when the concentration of Cd exceeded 10 mg/kg. The protein content of female adults was higher than that of male adults. The activity of detoxification enzymes showed differences in different conditions, such as development stage, Cd concentration and gender. These findings confirmed that A. ovatus were sensitive to Cd, and their offspring were severely affected under long-term Cd stress. Therefore, A. ovatus is a good model for evaluating the toxicity of long-term heavy metal Cd stress. The study provides the basis and enriches the research content of heavy metal pollution on mites, contributing to the harmonious and healthy development between the environment and human beings.
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Zhou, Changrui, Qiang Ma, Wantai Yu, Zhuqing Xia, Chuanchuan Ning, Haiyan Yuan, and Shuailin Li. "Accumulation of heavy metals in soil and maize after 17-year pig manure application in Northeast China." Plant, Soil and Environment 66, No. 2 (February 28, 2020): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/648/2019-pse.
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Application of composted pig manure (PM) is a traditional practice to improve soil fertility, whereas generally leads to some environmental questions. The effects of PM application on Cd, Cu and Zn accumulation in soil and maize were investigated based on a long-term field trial in Northeast China, including control (CK), PM<sub>L</sub>, PM<sub>M</sub>, and PM<sub>H</sub>, receiving 0, 100, 250 and 500 kg total N/ha/year from 2002 to 2008 and 0, 10, 25 and 50 t fresh weight/ha/year from 2009 to 2018, respectively. Results showed that long-term soil application of PM increased maize grain yield, soil organic carbon (SOC) contents, coupled with significant accumulation and availability of Cd, Cu, and Zn in soil (0–15 cm). Compared with CK, the soil total Cd, Cu and Zn concentrations significantly increased by 105, 287 and 108% at high PM rate, respectively. Notably, the increments enhanced these heavy metals storage in maize roots rather than in grains. Moreover, the application of PM confirmed vertical transport of heavy metals in the tested soil, particularly for Cd and Cu in PM<sub>H</sub> treatment. Overall, the repeated application of PM can cause the accumulation and leaching of Cd, Cu and Zn in soil.
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Pandey, Diksha, Monika Chhimwal, and Rajeev Kumar Srivastava. "A Review on the application of Macrophytes in Phytoremediation of Heavy metal Polluted water." Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 26, no. 3 (February 25, 2022): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/2603rjce116125.
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Heavy metal pollution is a major source of pollution in the environment. Heavy metal pollution in ground and surface water threatens human health and the aquatic ecology. Traditional treatment approaches for removing pollutants from wastewater are typically expensive, time-consuming, harmful to the environment and inefficient. Phytoremediation is a low-cost, environmentally sustainable, emerging technology with a long-term application. The most important part of successful phytoremediation is plant species selection. Organic and inorganic contaminants are removed with great efficiency by aquatic macrophytes. Metal accumulator plants such as water hyacinth, water lettuce and duck weed as well as a few other aquatic plants, are commonly used to treat heavy-metal polluted water. In order to show the extensive applicability of phytoremediation, a comprehensive review about the aquatic macrophytes in phytoremediation has been compiled.
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Ashton, John C. "Is Cannabis Harmless? Focus on Brain Function." Current Drug Research Reviews 11, no. 1 (February 26, 2019): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2589977511666180809165622.
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Background: The degree to which cannabis use causes long term harm to mental functioning is contentious. Objective: To determine the evidence for residual and long term effects of cannabis use on mental functions. Method: Comprehensively review human studies addressing detrimental effects on human mental and life functioning. Results: Heavy use causes immediate effects on perception, mood and sedation, but also deficits in cognitive ability. But cessation following heavy use has withdrawal effects and is associated with residual effects on cognition that may last for several weeks. Heavy use also raises the risk of impoverishment of life outcomes and a decline in socioeconomic status as well as the risk of mental health problems. Young age at the start of heavy cannabis use causes a risk of lifelong detrimental effects, and as a worst case together with genetic vulnerability exacerbate a predisposition to schizophrenia. Conclusion: Heavy regular use of cannabis that begins in adolescence heightens the risk of longterm impairment of life and mental functioning.
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Qzar, Inaam. "Long Term Monitoring of Heavy Metal Pollutants in Sediment of Southern Iraq." Biological and Applied Environmental Research 6, no. 2 (July 1, 2022): 161–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.51304/baer.2022.6.2.162.
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The levels of seven heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn) were determined in the sediment samples from different water bodies southern Iraq. Distribution of these heavy metals in sediment showed variations in concentration with sampling site, it was undetectable for Cd and Pb for all sites, while the highest concentration was 2.207 µg/g for Ni in the upper and the middle part of Shatt Al-Arab River. Co, Cu, Fe, Ni and Zn ranged from 0.083, 0.402, 1.829, 0.214 and 0.307 µg/g, respectively in Al-Chibayish Marsh to 0.486, 0.863, 2.186, 2.207 and 1.343 µg/g, respectively in the middle part of Shatt Al-Arab River. The geoaccumulation Index (Igeo) was calculated for the metals in the sediment of this study and for all other findings since 2001, to evaluate the levels of sediment pollution with heavy metals. The values of Igeo indicated that the sediment of southern Iraq were mostly unpolluted with heavy metals, except for Cd which was the polluting element in almost all of the previous studies.
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Purmale, Līva, Astra Jēkabsone, Una Andersone-Ozola, Andis Karlsons, Anita Osvalde, and Gederts Ievinsh. "Comparison of In Vitro and In Planta Heavy Metal Tolerance and Accumulation Potential of Different Armeria maritima Accessions from a Dry Coastal Meadow." Plants 11, no. 16 (August 12, 2022): 2104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11162104.
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The aim of the present study was to compare the tolerance to several heavy metals and their accumulation potential of Armeria maritima subsp. elongata accessions from relatively dry sandy soil habitats in the Baltic Sea region using both in vitro cultivated shoot explants and long-term soil-cultivated plants at the flowering stage as model systems. The hypothesis that was tested was that all accessions will show a relatively high heavy metal tolerance and a reasonable metal accumulation potential, but possibly to varying degrees. Under the conditions of the tissue culture, the explants accumulated extremely high concentration of Cd and Cu, leading to growth inhibition and eventual necrosis, but the accumulation of Pb in their tissues was limited. When grown in soil, the plants from different accessions showed a very high heavy metal tolerance, as the total biomass was not negatively affected by any of the treatments. The accumulation potential for heavy metals in soil-grown plants was high, with several significant accession- and metal-related differences. In general, the heavy metal accumulation potential in roots and older leaves was similar, except for Mn, which accumulated more in older leaves. The absolute higher values of the heavy metal concentrations reached in the leaves of soil-grown A. maritima plants (500 mg Cd kg−1, 600 mg Cu kg−1, 12,000 mg Mn kg−1, 1500 mg Pb kg−1, and 15,000 mg Zn kg−1) exceeded the respective threshold values for hyperaccumulation. In conclusion, A. maritima can be characterized by a species-wide heavy metal tolerance and accumulation potential, but with a relatively high intraspecies diversity.
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Hirano, Takeshi, and Kazuyoshi Tamae. "Heavy Metal-Induced Oxidative DNA Damage in Earthworms: A Review." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2010 (2010): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/726946.
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Earthworms can be used as a bio-indicator of metal contamination in soil, Earlier reports claimed the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in earthworm tissues, while the metal-induced mutagenicity reared in contaminated soils for long duration. But we examined the metal-induced mutagenicity in earthworms reared in metal containing culture beddings. In this experiment we observed the generation of 8-oxoguanine (8-oxo-Gua) in earthworms exposed to cadmium and nickel in soil. 8-oxo-Gua is a major premutagenic form of oxidative DNA damage that induces GC-to-TA point mutations, leading to carcinogenesis.
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Vidyananda, IE, and MB Samarakoon. "Effect on Humans due to Deposition of Heavy Metals in Weras River and Remediation Techniques." International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology 7, no. 3 (2022): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.73.14.
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This study was carried out to determine the deposition of heavy metals in Weras River and how in turn these metals would affect the lives of people. Heavy metals enter Weras River by natural and anthropogenic activities. Excess accumulation of heavy metals such as Pb, Hg, Cd, Cr, Zn and Cu can cause severe problems in living organisms. To ascertain the harmful effects on humans due to heavy metals deposited in Weras River, water samples were collected from the river, tested, and analysed. Lead concentration exceeded the safety standard specified for aquatic life and, zinc concentration increased over the past years. Through this study the level of contamination of water in Weras River was determined intending to emphasize the harmful effects of heavy metals on humans and to minimize diseases and complications caused by it as there is a serious effect on the long run if heavy metal contamination of water in Weras River is not remediated. Due to the severity of heavy metal contamination in Weras River treatment methods were suggested and a mathematical model to predict heavy metal concentrations in Weras River was developed.
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Yoon, Hyojik, and Jonghyun Yoon. "The Impact Evaluation of Acid Mine Drainage on Zebrafish (Danio rerio) and Water Fleas (Daphnia magna) in the Vicinity of the Geum River Basin in Korea." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24 (December 8, 2022): 16470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416470.
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Heavy metals, such as copper, lead, and cadmium, carried by acid mine drainage are pollutants of the aquatic ecosystem, posing a significant health risk to the water resource for humans. Environmental technologies to reduce metal contamination are applied for post-mining prevention and improvement. Despite detailed pollution management, water contaminated by heavy metals still flows into the natural water system. This study investigated the impact of drainage discharged from abandoned mines near the major river in South Korea on aquatic organisms. The toxicity of the field water showed a more significant effect than observed through the experiment for each heavy-metal concentration. Various toxic substances coexisted in the field water around the mine, such that the overall toxic intensity was high even when the concentration of each heavy metal was low. As a result, the inhibition of activity of aquatic organisms was observed at low individual concentrations, and further investigation on the effect of long-term exposure to trace amounts of heavy metals is required.
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Choong, Wei Sheng, Risky Ayu Kristanti, Wilawan Khanitchaidecha, Mehmet Emre, and Mihaela Albescu. "Implementation of Soil Washing in Remediation of Contaminated Soil." Tropical Environment, Biology, and Technology 1, no. 1 (June 25, 2023): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.53623/tebt.v1i1.224.
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Many human anthropogenic activities, including as deforestation, fossil fuel combustion, industrialisation, and solid waste production, have contaminated and endangered the entire environmental ecosystem in this age of pollution. Recently, heavy metal contamination in soil particles has attracted the attention of governments around the world, as many agricultural farmlands are contaminated with heavy metal pollutants such as copper, nickel, cobalt, iron, and lead, which have negatively impacted crop development. In addition, long-term exposure of the human body to heavy metals will cause severe illnesses, including neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic diseases. These contaminated soils are extremely tough and demanding to remediate. Soil washing is one of the most effective, rapid, and straightforward ways for decontaminating heavy metal-contaminated soil. The primary purpose of soil washing is to clean the sand and gravel fractions while concentrating contaminants in the clay and silt fractions. This will aid in the removal of heavy metal particles from the soil and their transfer to the washing solution. This study will examine the fate and transport of heavy metal contaminants as well as the many forms of soil washing mechanisms. In addition, the obstacles of implementing soil washing as well as its advantages and disadvantages were explored. Further research and possibly new directions, in addition to the possibility of soil washing, would also be discussed.
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Xu, Wenbin, Hailang Yang, Qiming Mao, Lin Luo, and Ying Deng. "Removal of Heavy Metals from Acid Mine Drainage by Red Mud–Based Geopolymer Pervious Concrete: Batch and Long–Term Column Studies." Polymers 14, no. 24 (December 7, 2022): 5355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14245355.
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Various metal ions in acid mine drainage (AMD) cause environmental pollution. Due to the unique advantages of heavy metal treatment and gelling properties, previous concretes incorporating red mud have attracted extensive attention in AMD passive treatment, which utilises naturally occurring chemicals to cleanse contaminated mine waters with low operating costs. This study aims to develop red mud–based geopolymer pervious concrete as an eco–friendly method to remove heavy metals in AMD. Compared with raw pervious concrete, red mud–based geopolymer pervious concrete improves the purification efficiency of heavy metals. The high rate of acid reduction and metal removal by the geopolymer is attributed to the dissolution of portlandite in red mud. Precipitation of metal hydroxides seems to be the dominant metal removal mechanism. Under optimal conditions (influent pH = 4.0 and the hydraulic retention time = 24 h), red mud–based geopolymer pervious concrete could completely remove Cu(II), Mn(II), Cd(II) and Zn(II) by up to 10 mg/L, 10 mg/L, 1.6 mg/L and 16 mg/L, respectively. When the influent pH is 2.5, the hydrolysis of Fe(III) released from red mud increases the consumption of OH−. Moreover, when the influent pH is 4.0, the precipitation of CaSO4 promotes the dissolution of portlandite and metal removal. Therefore, red mud has demonstrated feasibility in the manufacturing of geopolymer–based pervious concrete for purification AMD.
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Tanabe, Lyndsey K., Kirsty Scott, Vijayalaxmi Dasari, and Michael L. Berumen. "An assessment of heavy metals in green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) hatchlings from Saudi Arabia’s largest rookery, Ras Baridi." PeerJ 10 (August 23, 2022): e13928. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13928.
Full textAbstract:
Background Anthropogenic sources can lead to the accumulation of heavy metals in marine organisms through ingestion, absorption, or inhalation. For sea turtle embryos, heavy metals can be absorbed into the egg from the incubation environment or be maternally transferred to the offspring causing neurological, reproductive, and developmental problems. Here, we report heavy metal concentrations in green turtle hatchlings from the largest rookery on the Red Sea, Ras Baridi. Methods Deceased hatchlings were collected from two beaches near a cement factory at Ras Baridi, from which heavy metal concentrations (chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), selenium (Se), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb)) were measured from the liver, muscle, and residual yolk of the hatchlings. Results Although based on a small sample of hatchlings, the data presented here provides the first measurements of heavy metals from sea turtles in the Red Sea and highlights the link between human activity and its impact on the ecology of sea turtles. In general, the heavy metal concentrations of heavy metals were not significantly different between the beach next to the cement factory and the beach downwind from the factory. However, the concentrations of heavy metals were significantly different between sampled tissues (liver, muscle, and residual yolk). Discussion This study provides insight into current heavy metal levels in green turtle hatchlings, which can be used as bio-indicators for environmental contaminants as coastal development increases in the Red Sea. Moreover, we found a lack of standardized methodology to evaluate heavy metals in hatchling sea turtles. Future efforts should work toward creating comparable techniques for long-term heavy metal monitoring, as this is a useful determinant of anthropogenic pollution.
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Melcer, H., H. Monteith, and S. G. Nutt. "Activated Sludge Process Response to Variable Inputs of Heavy Metals." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 11 (June 1, 1992): 387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0317.
Full textAbstract:
Laboratory-scale activated sludge treatment systems were operated under dynamic loading conditions to investigate the non-steady state behaviour of heavy metal contaminants under controlled conditions. Four step tests were conducted in which an incremental increase in the concentrations of selected contaminants was applied to the reactor feed from background levels of about 100 µg/L to levels of about 1000 µg/L for each metal over a period of approximately three hydraulic retention times. Effluent metal concentrations rose significantly to levels of approximately 500 µg/L. They remained elevated for long periods after termination of the metal perturbations. Solids retention time (SRI) did not appear to influence metal removal efficiency over the range tested. Hydraulic retention time (HRT) effects were difficult to discern from the confounding effect of influent metal concentration.