Journal articles: 'Heavy metal contamination'

1

Thambavani, Dr D. Sarala, and V. Prathipa V. Prathipa. "Heavy metal contamination in Plants and Soils." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 8 (June 1, 2012): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/aug2013/20.

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Statescu, Florian, and Dorin Cotiusca-Zauca. "HEAVY METAL SOIL CONTAMINATION." Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 5, no. 5 (2006): 1205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2006.098.

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Khalid Farooq, Akbar, Hale Wiliam HG, and Athar Alistair D Headley and Mohammad. "Heavy Metal Contamination of Roadside Soils of Northern England." Soil and Water Research 1, No. 4 (January 7, 2013): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6517-swr.

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Environmental pollution of heavy metals from automobiles has attained much attention in the recent past. The present research was conducted to study heavy metal contamination in roadside soils of northern England. Roadside soil samples were collected from 35 sites in some counties of northern England and analysed for four heavy metals (cadmium, copper, lead, zinc). Their concentrations and distributions in different road verge zones (border, verge, slope, ditch) were determined. Lead concentration was the highest in the soil and ranged from 25.0 to 1198.0 μg/g (mean, 232.7 μg/g). Zinc concentration ranged from 56.7 to 480.0 μg/g (mean, 174.6 μg/g) and copper concentration ranged from 15.5 to 240.0 μg/g (mean, 87.3 μg/g). Cadmium concentration was the lowest in the soil and varied from 0.3 to 3.8 μg/g (mean, 1.4 μg/g). Though the levels of heavy metals in roadside soils were higher as compared to their natural background levels in British soils, their concentrations in general, however, were below the ‘critical trigger concentrations’ for the contaminated soils. All the four heavy metals exhibited a significant decrease in the roadside soils with the increasing distance from the road. The border zone had the highest mean concentration of the four metals whereas the ditch zone exhibited the lowest mean concentration.

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Waseem, Amir, Jahanzaib Arshad, Farhat Iqbal, Ashif Sajjad, Zahid Mehmood, and Ghulam Murtaza. "Pollution Status of Pakistan: A Retrospective Review on Heavy Metal Contamination of Water, Soil, and Vegetables." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/813206.

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Trace heavy metals, such as arsenic, cadmium, lead, chromium, nickel, and mercury, are important environmental pollutants, particularly in areas with high anthropogenic pressure. In addition to these metals, copper, manganese, iron, and zinc are also important trace micronutrients. The presence of trace heavy metals in the atmosphere, soil, and water can cause serious problems to all organisms, and the ubiquitous bioavailability of these heavy metal can result in bioaccumulation in the food chain which especially can be highly dangerous to human health. This study reviews the heavy metal contamination in several areas of Pakistan over the past few years, particularly to assess the heavy metal contamination in water (ground water, surface water, and waste water), soil, sediments, particulate matter, and vegetables. The listed contaminations affect the drinking water quality, ecological environment, and food chain. Moreover, the toxicity induced by contaminated water, soil, and vegetables poses serious threat to human health.

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Su, Hui, Zhang Cai, and Qi Xing Zhou. "Phytoremediation of Cadmium Contaminated Soils: Advances and Researching Prospects." Materials Science Forum 743-744 (January 2013): 732–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.743-744.732.

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More and more attention has been paid to soil contamination by heavy metals in recent years. Heavy metal contamination includes heavy metal - heavy metal contamination, heavy metal - organic contamination, and heavy metal nutrient contamination. In particular, soil contamination by cadmium (Cd) is the most typical one. In terms of the current remediation technologies, phytoremediation of Cd contaminated soil remains popular due to its low cost, environmental aesthetics and in-situ effective treatment. Therefore, screening-out and identification of Cd hyperaccumulators becomes a hotspot in this researching domain. In order to further improve the efficiency of phytoremediation, we have developed a variety of joint remediation technologies. Based on these work at home and abroad, we summed up the studying progress in this field. Some main researching contents and directions of phytoremediation for Cd contaminated soils were also proposed.

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Khushbu, Rachna Gulati, Sushma, Amit Kour, and Pankaj Sharma. "Ecological impact of heavy metals on aquatic environment with reference to fish and human health." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 14, no. 4 (December 19, 2022): 1471–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v14i4.3900.

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Heavy metals have a high density that is harmful even in low quantity. These metals enter aquatic habitats through various sources, home effluents, including industrial waste, atmospheric sources, and other metal-based businesses, as well as E-Waste. Heavy metal pollution is responsible for degenerating aquatic species, creating physical abnormalities in creatures and contaminating the aquatic environment. These poisonous heavy metals cause a variety of fish ailments like decrease in hatching rate, teratogenesis and bioaccumulation in the tissues etc. The contamination of heavy metals in aquatic bodies and ecosystems has a significant influence on the food chain. Because fish people consume fish, it has an indirect impact on their health. These heavy metals also have a higher impact on the environment because they remain for longer periods and have bio-accumulative capabilities, leading water health to deteriorate. This study offers insight into the disruption of fish and human physiology, their reproductive ability by heavy metals. This review provides baseline data on the heavy metals and aquatic environment, especially fish and human health. The data will increase sensitivity to preventing and managing aquatic environmental pollution, particularly heavy metal contamination.

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Wang, Jing Yi, Jiang Xue Long, and Hong Wei Lu. "Heavy Metal Contamination of Soil in Zhuzhou Smelting." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 4246–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.4246.

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To date, environmental issues become increasingly prominent, especially heavy metal (Pb and Zn) pollution of soil. This paper describes the procedure of detecting heavy metal content in soil from Zhuzhou Smelting in order to understand the contamination degree of heavy metals. An extensive soil survey was conducted in the plant include lead and zinc major production areas. Microwave digestion and ICP-AES technology were used to test metal content in soil. The results revealed that the soil in the area had been polluted by Pb and Zn, however, the pollution degree of each type of metals was not identical. In general, the Smelting was slightly polluted by heavy metals, with the highest concentration being in the Zinc sulfide plant. The heavy metal content in deep soil was a little bit higher than surface except for the Zinc sulfide plant. The reason may related to its particular location.

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Ridho Asra, Rusdi, Robi Budi Yandra, and Nessa. "Determination of Heavy Metal Contaminations of Lead and Cadmium in Selected Lipstick Products Sold in Padang City Using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry." Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 2, no. 1 (May 7, 2019): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/idjpcr.v2i1.743.

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The study was aimed at assessing the levels of some toxic metals of lead and cadmium in selected lipstick products sold in Padang city. Four brands of lipsticks were taken which were BL, NK, PS and WD. The lipsticks were grinded and analyzed for heavy metals (lead and cadmium) using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Each sample was destructed by nitric acid and perchloric acid (3:1). Destructed samples were added with sodium hydroxide to liberate ammonia and filtered into a 25 mL volumetric flask. The concentrations of heavy metal were measured by using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results showed that lead heavy metal contamination was not detected. Whereas, the heavy metal contamination of cadmium in lipstick brands BL, NK, PS and WD were 0.2287, 0.2000, 0.1796 and 0.1220 mg/kg, respectively. The study results showed that all metal contaminations of lead and cadmium were not over the limit which were regulated by National Agency of Drug and Food Control of the Republic of Indonesia.

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Sibuar, Agatha Anak, Nur Syahirah Zulkafflee, Jinap Selamat, Mohd Razi Ismail, Soo Yee Lee, and Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis. "Quantitative Analysis and Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Paddy Plants Collected from Perak, Malaysia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 2 (January 10, 2022): 731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020731.

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Rice is one of the major crops as well as the staple food in Malaysia. However, historical mining activity has raised a concern regarding heavy metal contamination in paddy plants, especially in Perak, a state with major tin mining during the late nineteenth century. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr) contamination in paddy soils and paddy plants in three districts in Perak. The content of heavy metals was determined using ICP-MS, while the absorption and transferability of heavy metals in the paddy plants were investigated through enrichment (EF) and translocation (TF) factors. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to recognize the pattern of heavy metal contaminations in different sampling areas. Health risk assessment was performed through calculation of various indices. The quantification results showed that root contained highest concentration of the studied heavy metals, with As exhibiting the highest concentration. The EF results revealed the accumulation of As, Cu, and Cr in the rice grains while PCA showed the different compositional pattern in the different sampling areas. The health risk assessment disclosed both noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks in the local adults and children. Overall, findings from this study show that heavy metal contamination poses potential health risks to the residents and control measure is required.

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Yadav, Arti, and Pawan Kumar Yadav. "Pollution Load Index (PLI) of field irrigated with wastewater of Mawaiya Drain in Naini suburbs of Allahabad District." Current World Environment 13, no. 1 (April 20, 2018): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.13.1.15.

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Wastewater irrigation is practiced in outskirts of several cities of India. Enhanced growth and productivity of crops possess threat of heavy metal accumulation while irrigated with wastewater. Assessment of heavy metal accumulation in soil flooded with wastewater of Mawaiya drain in Naini region of Allahabad district, using parameter of contamination factor and pollution load index (PLI). Samples of soil were taken from the fields irrigated with wastewater and analyzed for heavy metals by using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The maximum accumulation of heavy metal was observed for iron in soil. Heavy metal contamination is soil was assessed by estimation of contamination factor which was observed for Cu (0.7858), Fe (296.1864), Zn (0.4304), Pb (1.1661) and Ni (1.8912). Pollution load index (PLI) used for assessment of soil contamination and observed that maximum contamination (PLI, 74.31) was in water stressed conditions of summer. Heavy metals concentration in wastewater and accumulation in soil found within WHO limits in present study which may increase if unmanaged wastewater flooding continued.

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Samanta, S., V. Kumar, S. K. Nag, K. Saha, Sajina A.M., S. Bhowmick, S. K. Paul, and B. K. Das. "Assessment of heavy metal contaminations in water and sediment of River Godavari, India." Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 24, no. 4 (October 1, 2021): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/aehm.024.04.05.

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Abstract The Godavari is the largest river of peninsular India and receives a significant quantity of pollutants from diverse sources, including many industries, urban developments and agricultural fields. Such pollution is more prominent in the upper stretch of the river. This work aimed to assess the water and sediment contaminations of River Godavari for the presence of trace metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn. Samples were collected from 10 sampling stations covering the entire stretch of the river. Sediment pollution characteristics and potential ecological risks were evaluated by calculating contamination factor, degree of contamination, pollution load index, geo-accumulation, and the potential ecological risk index. Pearson's correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to predict the probable sources of heavy metals. The concentrations of studied heavy metals in water were mostly observed below the detection limit using the flame mode of an Atomic Absorption Spectroscope and recorded safe for the biotic community. The mean concentrations of metals in the sediments were calculated and also recorded to be safe with respect to the guideline values of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA, 1999). However, the sampling site-specific calculated contamination factors indicated moderate contamination of some of the stretches as: S1 for the presence of Cu, Mn, Zn; S2 for Cu, Zn; S3 and S4 for Cu; S5 for the dominance of Mn. The rest of the sites were free from sediment metal contaminations. The degree of contamination values specified S2 as moderately contaminated. Pollution load index indicated sites S1 and S2 as contaminated. Both geo-accumulation and potential ecological risk index designated lower levels of pollution in the river owing to sediment metal contaminations. Furthermore, a comparison of the heavy metal concentrations with sediment quality guidelines signified that the heavy metal pollutions (Cu, Cr, Mn and Zn) tend to pose occasional harmful effects on the ecosystem. From Pearson's correlation analysis and principal component analysis, two main sources of metal pollution were predicted. The Cu, Cr and Zn contaminants were mainly derived from human activities and Mn from natural sources as well as human activities.

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Czikkely, Marton, and Csaba Fogarassy. "Urban Wastewater Management in Focus of Heavy Metal Contamination." YBL Journal of Built Environment 6, no. 1 (September 1, 2018): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jbe-2018-0007.

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Abstract In our study, we focused on urban wastewater management, with special regard to the problems caused by heavy metal contaminations. Heavy metals function at low concentrations as a biogenic element, but at the same time in higher amounts (especially above the limit value) are considered as pollutants. We determined the basic wastewater treatment problem: which is the main problem of heavy metal contaminated urban wastewaters and how could eliminate heavy metals. We focused on wastewater origin heavy metal mobility in environment and effect (risk) on human health. In the following, we undertook to analyse urban wastewater in this direction.

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Ramteke, Shobhana, Bharat Lal Sahu, Nohar Singh Dahariya, Khageshwar Singh Patel, Borislav Blazhev, and Laurent Matini. "Heavy Metal Contamination of Vegetables." Journal of Environmental Protection 07, no. 07 (2016): 996–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jep.2016.77088.

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14

Basta, N. T. "Heavy Metal Contamination of Soil." Soil Science Society of America Journal 70, no. 5 (September 2006): 1819. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2006.0010br.

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15

Järup, Lars. "Hazards of heavy metal contamination." British Medical Bulletin 68, no. 1 (December 1, 2003): 167–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldg032.

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Lepp, Nicholas W. "Heavy Metal Contamination of Soil." Journal of Environmental Quality 35, no. 4 (July 2006): 1632. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0015br.

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17

Shaik, Laharshitha Kajol. "A Review of Heavy Metal Toxicity, Effects and Methods for Estimating Heavy Metal Concentration in Water." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (July 15, 2021): 612–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36370.

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Heavy metals are metal ions which acts as carcinogens and causes serious health issues as they produce free radicals and these free radicals cause damage to DNA which eventually leads to cancer. They are non-degradable in nature and responsible for contamination of various natural resources in environment mainly water contamination has become a major problem. Many metal ions such as cadmium, lead, arsenic, mercury are considered as toxic metals. The analysis of these metal ions is necessary and to detect these metal ions, several detection methods such as electrochemical biosensors, CNT’s, silver nanoparticles have been developed. In this paper, the toxicity and health effects of several heavy metals and their role in causing of oxidative stress have been summarized. Also, various heavy metal detection methods have been listed.

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Dewi, Triyani, Edhi Martono, Eko Hanudin, and Rika Harini. "Status of soil heavy metals contamination using contamination indices in shallot fields." E3S Web of Conferences 306 (2021): 04013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130604013.

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Monitoring and assessment of heavy metal concentrations in shallot fields are needed to evaluate the potential risk of contamination due to heavy metals. This study aims to define the status of heavy metal contamination in shallot fields using contamination indices. A total of 184 soil samples (0-20 cm) were taken from shallot fields in Brebes Regency, Central Java. The soil samples were analyzed for the concentration of five heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, and Co) with HNO3 and HClO4 extracts and measured using AAS. Assessment of the status of heavy metals contamination in the soil using contaminant factor (CF), geo-accumulation index (I-geo), and pollution load index (PLI). The mean concentration in shallot fields showed the following order Cr > Ni > Pb > Co > Cd and the concentration were still below critical limit values. Four metals are Pb, Cr, Co, and Ni are low contamination (CF<1), while Cd is considerable until very high contamination factor. Based on I-geo values, shallot fields are practically uncontaminated of Pb, Co, Ni, and Cr (I-geo<1), meanwhile the status of Cd is uncontaminated to moderately contaminated (0<I-geo<1). Generally, the shallot fields in Brebes Regency, Central Java is unpolluted with five metals (PLI<1).

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Zhu, Xiao Juan, Wei Chen, and Jiang Hua Li. "Proteomics Study on Heavy Metal Contaminated Bellamya aeruginosas in Poyang Lake." Applied Mechanics and Materials 522-524 (February 2014): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.522-524.299.

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Heavy metal contamination to Poyang Lake is increasingly severe. Bellamya aeruginosas, the dominant species of bellamya in Poyang Lake, was chosen in this project to carry out a proteomics study, because they obtain nutrients from sediments directly and have a strong heavy metal enrichment capability. To get a better knowledge of the contamination level of Poyang Lake and a better understanding of toxicity and bioavailability of heavy metals contamination, the main heavy metals of surface sediments were tested and a proteomics study was carried out on bellamya aeruginosa, the dominant species of bellamya in Poyang Lake. Results of heavy metal tests show, to Poyang Lake, the most contaminated heavy metal is Cu, the widest contaminated heavy metal is Pb, the most contaminated area is the south lake area, and the least contaminated area is the entrance of Xioushui River. Proteomics analysis shows the main significantly different proteins are keratins or similar substances. These proteins are higher expressed in the samples obtained from the most contaminated area, so they could be the responding biomarkers for monitoring heavy metal contamination of surface sediment in Poyang Lake.

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Zakaria, Zuliana, Nur Syahirah Zulkafflee, Nurul Adillah Mohd Redzuan, Jinap Selamat, Mohd Razi Ismail, Sarva Mangala Praveena, Gergely Tóth, and Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis. "Understanding Potential Heavy Metal Contamination, Absorption, Translocation and Accumulation in Rice and Human Health Risks." Plants 10, no. 6 (May 26, 2021): 1070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10061070.

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Rice is a worldwide staple food and heavy metal contamination is often reported in rice production. Heavy metal can originate from natural sources or be present through anthropogenic contamination. Therefore, this review summarizes the current status of heavy metal contamination in paddy soil and plants, highlighting the mechanism of uptake, bioaccumulation, and health risk assessment. A scoping search employing Google Scholar, Science Direct, Research Gate, Scopus, and Wiley Online was carried out to build up the review using the following keywords: heavy metals, absorption, translocation, accumulation, uptake, biotransformation, rice, and human risk with no restrictions being placed on the year of study. Cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and lead (Pb) have been identified as the most prevalent metals in rice cultivation. Mining and irrigation activities are primary sources, but chemical fertilizer and pesticide usage also contribute to heavy metal contamination of paddy soil worldwide. Further to their adverse effect on the paddy ecosystem by reducing the soil fertility and grain yield, heavy metal contamination represents a risk to human health. An in-depth discussion is further offered on health risk assessments by quantitative measurement to identify potential risk towards heavy metal exposure via rice consumption, which consisted of in vitro digestion models through a vital ingestion portion of rice.

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Abdullahi, N., E. C. Igwe, M. A. Dandago, and N. B. Umar. "HEAVY METALS IN FOOD CROPS: IDEAL SOURCES AND ROLES OF URBAN AGRICULTURE IN FACILITATING THEIR CONSUMPTION- A REVIEW." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 5, no. 2 (June 20, 2021): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2021-0502-520.

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The qualities of agricultural soil and water are diminishing continuously due to the rigorous anthropogenic activities currently stocking the soil with a lot of toxic chemicals including heavy metals. Heavy metals are highly persistent and non-biodegradable, control of their contamination is very tricky to handle. Their presence in soil and water is detrimental to food crops and humans. Various sources of heavy metals contaminants and the role of urban food production on human heavy metal contamination were discussed.Heavy metals have their way into the soil and food crops through wastewater irrigation and production in contaminated soil. The habitual heavy metals contamination sources for food crops are wastewater irrigation, abuse of agrochemicals, production in the contaminated field, atmospheric deposit when foods are exposed to contaminated air, and unethical mining activities. Agricultural soil in urban and peri-urban areas are heavily contaminated with heavy metal due to various anthropogenic activities. Wastewater irrigation intensify the contamination by supplying the soil with more heavy metals. The heavy metals are passed to food during production and subsequently to humans after consumption.

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Wei, Jing, Xiaogang Zheng, Jintong Liu, Guowei Zhang, Yanxi Zhang, Cailing Wang, and Yuanchen Liu. "The Levels, Sources, and Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals in Soils from the Drinking Water Sources of Beijing, China." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (March 26, 2021): 3719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073719.

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Our study area is the upstream watershed of the Guanting and Miyun Reservoirs; together, these two reservoirs comprise the main drinking water source of Beijing, China. In order to prevent crop contamination and preserve the quality of the water and soil, it is important to investigate the spatial distribution and the sources of the heavy metals in farmland soils on the watershed scale. For this study, we collected 23,851 farmland surface soil samples. Based on our analysis of the concentrations of eight heavy metals in these samples, we found that the overall soil quality in our study area is excellent, but that the Cd, Cu, Zn, and Cr contamination risks are relatively high. Moreover, a percentage of samples exceeded the Cd (1.54%,), Cu (0.28%), Zn (0.25%), Cr (0.13%), Pb (0.09%), As (0.05%), Ni (0.04%), and Hg (0.02%) risk screening values for soil contamination in agricultural land. In addition to determining the spatial distribution characteristics of the heavy metal concentrations of the soil samples, we also conducted a factor analysis and an R cluster analysis (CA) whcih can gathered the similar variables to track the sources of the heavy metals. We found that the Cd, Pb, and Zn are likely sourced from a quartz syenite porphyry body and from coal-fired enterprises, while the Cr, Cu, and Ni contaminations are mainly caused by runoff from iron ore smelting. Additionally, agricultural production contributes to the local accumulation of Cu, and industrial (smelting) discharge is partially responsible for the As contamination. As a result of the atmospheric deposition of pollutants, areas with high Hg concentrations are generally centered on large- and medium-sized cities. Due to these high natural heavy metal background values, the existing and future heavy metal contamination in the watershed poses a serious ecological risk to both the soil and the surface water.

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Li, Zhuang, Run Li Zou, Juan Sheng Li, Jin Huang, and Bang Hui Zhu. "Source Apportionment of Heavy Metals (Pb, Cd, As, Hg) in PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ in a City in China." Advanced Materials Research 908 (March 2014): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.908.14.

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In this paper, the contamination of heavy metals in atmospheric particles of PM2.5 and PM10 in a city in China was analyzed, meanwhile the sources of different heavy metals (Cd, Hg, As and Pb) in atmospheric particles (PM2.5 and PM10) were confirmed by source apportionment in a city in China area through principal component analytical method. The research results showed that the heavy metals in PM2.5 and PM10 contaminated the atmosphere environment dramatically. The heavy metal Cd, Hg and Pb came mainly from incomplete combustion of petrol, while the heavy metal of As was the product of electronic metallurgy, which provides the theoretical basis for controlling of atmospheric heavy metal contamination. This method can be also applied to source apportionment of other heavy metals in atmosphere environment.

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Vodka, M. V. "CHLOROPLAST STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHANGES AS BIOMARKERS OF HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION." Biotechnologia Acta 9, no. 1 (2016): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/biotech9.01.103.

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Mwakisunga, Benard, Harishchandra B. Pratap, John F. Machiwa, and Flora Stephano. "Heavy Metal Contamination and Potential Ecological Risks in Surface Sediments along Dar es Salaam Harbour Channel." Tanzania Journal of Science 47, no. 5 (December 1, 2021): 1606–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v47i5.11.

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Investigation of heavy metal contamination along Dar es Salaam harbour channel was carried out in order to determine their current concentrations, sources and potential ecological risks to benthic biota. Sampling was carried out from January to May 2019 and samples analysed using ICP-OES and C-H-N-S analyser. Analysis of heavy metal relationships showed that, Cu, Zn, Cr, As, Ni, Co, Fe, Cd had strong relationships with each other, while Pb only related to Zn. Principal component analysis partitioned metals into two groups; PC1: Ni, Cr, Fe, Co, As, Cu, Cd, and Zn explaining 73.6% variance and PC2: Pb, Zn, and Cd with 13.7% variance. Similarly, Cd, Pb and Zn had severe to very high enrichments (Cd > Pb > Zn) showing serious anthropogenic contamination of these metals in sediments along Dar es Salaam harbour channel. Degree of contamination and potential ecological risks varied from low, moderate, to high; indicating that sediments were considerably contaminated with heavy metals. Levels of contamination varied in space and according to the type of heavy metal Higher contamination and ecological risks were revealed at the harbour area probably due to the observed high concentrations of Cd, Pb and Zn. Monitoring of metals should be emphasized in order to control contaminants release into this area from their sources. Keywords: Dar es Salaam harbour channel, Heavy metals, Contamination, Sediments, Degree of contamination, Ecological risks

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Rahman, Alexandre. "How to Remediate Heavy Metal Contamination in Soil?" Science Insights 41, no. 4 (September 30, 2022): 669–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15354/si.22.re082.

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The issue of heavy metal soil pollution has risen to the forefront. In addition to harming the pedosphere as a whole, soil pollution also has an impact on other significant sectors, such as air and water pollution. The two primary categories of pollution sources are natural sources and man-made sources. Mainly Hg, Cd, Pb, Cr, As, Zn, Cu, Ni, and other heavy metals are involved. The safety of agricultural products and the proper growth of people are of utmost importance. Thus, the origins of soil heavy metal pollution, the state of soil remediation research, and the development of soil heavy metal pollution remediation technology are all covered in this review. The technologies currently employed in soil heavy metal pollution remediation primarily include physical remediation, chemical restoration, bioremediation, agroecological restoration, and joint restoration. These methods are described, along with the conditions under which they can be used, application examples, and an analysis of their benefits and drawbacks. The most popular restoration technique is bioremediation.

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Enuneku, AA, and F. Ineh. "Potential Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Contamination in Surface Sediments of Ikpoba River, Southern Nigeria." NIGERIAN ANNALS OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCES 3, no. 1 (July 19, 2020): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.46912/napas.156.

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The potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals contamination in surface sediments of Ikpoba River, Edo State was estimated in this study after assessment of heavy metal concentrations in surface sediments from seven stations of the study area. Heavy metals were analyzed in the sediments using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The index of geo-accumulation for the metals (Lead (Pb); Iron (Fe); Nickel (Ni) and Copper (Cu)) studied were less than zero showing that the stations sampled were unpolluted with heavy metals. Contamination factor followed same pattern. Generally, there was a low potential ecological risk for heavy metal contamination to sediment dwelling organisms. However, station 4 (Capitol) was moderately contaminated and extremely enriched with Cu. Heavy metal values in this study were below the EPA limits for sediments except station 4 which was heavily polluted with Cu following the EPA guidelines. Regular monitoring and assessment of pollution load of Ikpoba River is recommended.

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Feris, Kevin P., Philip W. Ramsey, Chris Frazar, Matthias Rillig, Johnnie N. Moore, James E. Gannon, and William E. Holben. "Seasonal Dynamics of Shallow-Hyporheic-Zone Microbial Community Structure along a Heavy-Metal Contamination Gradient." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 4 (April 2004): 2323–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.4.2323-2331.2004.

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ABSTRACT Heavy metals contaminate numerous freshwater streams and rivers worldwide. Previous work by this group demonstrated a relationship between the structure of hyporheic microbial communities and the fluvial deposition of heavy metals along a contamination gradient during the fall season. Seasonal variation has been documented in microbial communities in numerous terrestrial and aquatic environments, including the hyporheic zone. The current study was designed to assess whether relationships between hyporheic microbial community structure and heavy-metal contamination vary seasonally by monitoring community structure along a heavy-metal contamination gradient for more than a year. No relationship between total bacterial abundance and heavy metals was observed (R 2 = 0.02, P = 0.83). However, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis pattern analysis indicated a strong and consistent linear relationship between the difference in microbial community composition (populations present) and the difference in the heavy metal content of hyporheic sediments throughout the year (R 2 = 0.58, P < 0.001). Correlations between heavy-metal contamination and the abundance of four specific phylogenetic groups (most closely related to the α, β, and γ-proteobacteria and cyanobacteria) were apparent only during the fall and early winter, when the majority of organic matter is deposited into regional streams. These seasonal data suggest that the abundance of susceptible populations responds to heavy metals primarily during seasons when the potential for growth is highest.

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Xu, Gui Ping, Xiao Fei Wang, and Li Jun Chen. "Application of Principal Component Analysis for the Estimation of Source of Heavy Metal Contamination in Sugarcane Soil." Applied Mechanics and Materials 651-653 (September 2014): 1402–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.1402.

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Concentrations of heavy metals in sugarcane soil of Guangxi were determined and the potential ecological risk index was used simultaneously to evaluate the extent of heavy metals enrichment contamination. Results showed that the pollution extent of heavy metals in sugarcane soil by potential ecological risk followed the order: Cd>Pb>Cu>Zn, Cu and Zn were slightly polluted, with small potential ecological harm, while Pb and Cd were above moderately polluted, with heavy potential ecological harm. Principal component analysis was applied to estimate the sources of heavy metals contamination, the results indicated that the first two components accounted for 61.016% and 26.920% of the total variance respectively, 4 kinds of heavy metal elements had similar sources, tailing dam lead-zinc concentrator upstream along the coast was the main sources of heavy metal contamination.

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Zhang, Xiao Ling, and Qiao Yang. "Influence of Nitrogen Nutrients on Hyperaccumulation of Sedum alfredii Hance under Complex Heavy Metals Stress." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.190.

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Heavy metals contamination is a major environmental issue, and phytoremediation is a promising, environmentally friendly alternative to conventional cleanup techniques for heavy metal contaminated sites. this paper is intended to explore the influence of different nitrogen nutrient levels on hyperaccumulation of sedum alfredii, a promising hyperaccumulating plant species for the phytoremediation exposured to complex contaminations. The obtained results indicated that the proper increasing of nutriogen nutrient levels enhanced the accumulation capacity of complex heavy metals in sedum alfredii hance.

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Sun, Xiao Nan, Xiu Rong Chen, An Ping Liu, Shi Ming Lv, and Xing Xing Yao. "Compound Heavy Metal Contaminated Site Risk Assessment Based on Hazard Quotients." Advanced Materials Research 414 (December 2011): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.414.5.

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On the basis of investigation of specific heavy metals contaminated site, use compound heavy metal hazard quotients to do a assessment for potential health risk. The primarily detected excessive heavy metals are Zn, Gr, Cu and Hg. Results indicate that: in the surface (0~30 cm) and subsurface (30~70 cm), the compound heavy metal hazard quotients of sampling point 7#, 12#, 13# 6#, 7#, 12#, and 13# are greater than 1, and soil exists heavy metal contamination; in 70cm~100cm soil layer, the hazard quotients of all monitoring points are less than 1, therefore in these layers soil is not contaminated, and there are no need for remediation. The result reflects compound heavy metal contamination directly, and provides a reference for later remediation work.

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Mohd Ruzaidy, Nur Illia, and Azura Amid. "HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION IN VEGETABLES AND ITS DETECTION: A REVIEW." Science Heritage Journal 4, no. 1 (March 4, 2020): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/gws.01.2020.01.05.

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The quality of marketed vegetables cannot be guaranteed as many of them has been contaminated with heavy metals such as lead, cadmium and arsenic. These heavy metals can act as either growth supporter or threat depending on their types and amount absorbed by the plants. The consumption of an excessive amount of heavy metals in vegetable may cause several diseases such as renal dysfunction and bone depletion. There are few methods used to detect heavy metal contamination such as Atomic Absorption Analysis (AAS), Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA), X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry (ICPMS). This paper discusses all these methods to compare their efficiency, advantages and disadvantages to select the best method for heavy metal detection in vegetables.

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Ahmad, Riza Zainuddin, Rida Tiffarent, Dianita Dwi Sugiartanti, and Sutiastuti Wahyuwardani. "Animals Organs Pathological Changes of Heavy Metals Toxicity." Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences 32, no. 3 (October 2, 2022): 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/wartazoa.v32i3.2755.

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Heavy metal toxicity in livestock animals will affect and damage the body organs. The animals that are exposed to heavy metal residues will suffer pain and experience pathological changes in body organs that support the metabolic function of the body's work. Some organs lead to the specific diagnosis of specific contaminating heavy metals. Examination of pathological changes in the body of animals will help a lot in diagnosing, handling animals that are exposed to certain heavy metal toxicity. The respiratory tract, digestive tract and reproductive tract in animals can direct the detection of the effects of toxicity of certain heavy metal. Organs that experience pathological changes can also to help diagnose contamination due to certain heavy metals. The purpose of this writing is to help adding the knowledge of pathological changes regarding heavy metal toxicity Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Cooper (Cu), Mercury (Hg), Mangan (Mn) and Lead (Pb), in the organs of animals.

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Januar, Hedi Indra, Dwiyitno, and Izhamil Hidayah. "Seasonal variation of heavy metal accumulation in environment and fishes from the Cirebon coast, Indonesia." Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 24, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/aehm.024.02.16.

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Abstract Contamination by dangerous heavy metal in the estuarine environment has risen with concern to the safety of coastal fish as seafood. Anthropogenic emission in the coastal areas becomes the primary source of heavy metal pollution in the aquatic environment, which then accumulates in fish species. Therefore, marine fish has a potency to be used as a bioindicator for heavy metals contamination in the coastal environment, since it may vary, as the results of marine hydrodynamics. This research presents seasonal variations (west monsoon, east monsoon, and intermediate monsoon) of heavy metals accumulation in fish from the coastal region of Cirebon, Indonesia. Three types of economic fish (Scatopagus argus, Siganus canaliculatus, and Nibea albifor) were taken, and the heavy metals (Cr, Co, Cu, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) content were examined by inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results showed a significant difference (p<0.05) of seasonal variation of heavy metals concentration in seawater and sediment. The contamination in seawater was higher during the east monsoon season, while the contamination in sediment was higher during the west monsoon season. The observation was also revealed variation on heavy metals accumulation in fish species. However, this study found no significant correlation (p>0.05) between the concentration of heavy metals in the environment and fish. Consequently, precaution is needed when using fish as a bioindicator for heavy metals contamination in coastal environments.

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Lee, Junho, Kyungsoo Han, Dongmyung Kim, and Taeyoon Lee. "Pollution Intensity Assessment of Sediments Obtained Near Ieodo Ocean Research Station Using Pollution Index for Heavy Metals." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 42, no. 3 (March 31, 2020): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2020.42.3.131.

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Objectives:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the heavy metal contamination level by analyzing heavy metals in sediments near Ieodo ocean research station located in southwestern Jeju Island. Methods:Sixteen sediments samples were collected from Ieodo ocean research station, and two and three sediment samples were collected from the southwestern region and between Ieodo and Jeju Island. These samples were used for heavy metal content analysis according to the marine pollution process test method, and contamination level of sediments was calculated using the measured heavy metal concentration. Results and Discussion:All heavy metals except Ni were evaluated as non-contamination level, and Ni was found to have high pollution level. According to the US Environmental Protection Agency guideline, samples 6, 9, 15, and 22 were classified as severe contamination, and according to the geoaccumulation index, samples 15 and 22 were classified as slightly contaminated for Ni. When classified by the Enrichment factor value, Ni contamination was categorized as moderately severe enrichment for samples 15 and 22. Using the potential ecological risk factor value, the ecological risks of the heavy metals in all samples were classified as low risk. The mean PEL quotient value for all six heavy metals in samples was a maximum of 0.60, indicating a 21% probability of toxicity for heavy metals in all samples.Conclusions:It was confirmed that there was no contamination by Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn, but contamination by Ni was found to be a serious level. Compared with previous studies, the concentration of Ni in the Ieodo was found to be high, which may be due to the inflow of ocean research station or the Yangzu river runoff in China.

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Shokr, Mohamed S., Mostafa A. Abdellatif, Radwa A. El Behairy, Hend H. Abdelhameed, Ahmed A. El Baroudy, Elsayed Said Mohamed, Nazih Y. Rebouh, Zheli Ding, and Ahmed S. Abuzaid. "Assessment of Potential Heavy Metal Contamination Hazards Based on GIS and Multivariate Analysis in Some Mediterranean Zones." Agronomy 12, no. 12 (December 19, 2022): 3220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12123220.

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One of the most significant challenges that global decision-makers are concerned about is soil contamination. It is also related to food security and soil fertility. The quality of the soil and crops in Egypt are being severely impacted by the increased heavy metal content of the soils in the middle Nile Delta. In Egypt’s middle Nile Delta, fifty random soil samples were chosen. Inverse distance weighting (IDW) was used to create the spatial pattern maps for four heavy metals: Cd, Mn, Pb, and Zn. The soil contamination levels in the research area were assessed using principal component analysis (PCA), contamination factors (CF), the geoaccumulation index (I-Geo), and the improved Nemerow pollution index (In). The findings demonstrated that using PCA, the soil heavy metal concentrations were divided into two clusters. Moreover, the majority of the study region (44.47%) was assessed to be heavily to extremely polluted by heavy metals. In conclusion, integrating the contamination indices CF, I-Geo, and In with the GIS technique and multivariate model, analysis establishes a practical and helpful strategy for assessing the hazard of heavy metal contamination. The findings could serve as a basis for decision-makers to create effective heavy metal mitigation efforts.

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Vidyananda, IE, and MB Samarakoon. "Effect on Humans due to Deposition of Heavy Metals in Weras River and Remediation Techniques." International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology 7, no. 3 (2022): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.73.14.

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This study was carried out to determine the deposition of heavy metals in Weras River and how in turn these metals would affect the lives of people. Heavy metals enter Weras River by natural and anthropogenic activities. Excess accumulation of heavy metals such as Pb, Hg, Cd, Cr, Zn and Cu can cause severe problems in living organisms. To ascertain the harmful effects on humans due to heavy metals deposited in Weras River, water samples were collected from the river, tested, and analysed. Lead concentration exceeded the safety standard specified for aquatic life and, zinc concentration increased over the past years. Through this study the level of contamination of water in Weras River was determined intending to emphasize the harmful effects of heavy metals on humans and to minimize diseases and complications caused by it as there is a serious effect on the long run if heavy metal contamination of water in Weras River is not remediated. Due to the severity of heavy metal contamination in Weras River treatment methods were suggested and a mathematical model to predict heavy metal concentrations in Weras River was developed.

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McDonald, Annaclaire G., Brad R. Murray, Daniel W. Krix, and Megan L. Murray. "Complex soil contamination severely impacts seed-sown crop viability in Australia." April 2021, no. 15(04):2021 (April 10, 2021): 531–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.04.p2806.

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Food security is a critical issue for many global communities. Heavy metal contamination in soils present a major and ongoing ecological risk associated with human activities which may impact the viability and safety of seed-sown crops. To better understand the impacts of soil contamination by heavy metals on seed-sown crop viability, we examined germination responses of eight commercially-important fruit and vegetable crop species to copper, zinc, and lead contamination at levels likely to be found in contaminated regions in Australia. We compared the germination attributes of days to first germination, germination period, and total proportion of seeds germinated under concentration limits of heavy metals detected at degraded sites and current Australian National Environment Protection Measure thresholds for domestic soils (i.e., copper 6,000 mg kg-1, zinc 4,700 mg kg-1, lead 300 mg kg-1). The combined heavy metal treatment (i.e. all three metals) significantly inhibited germination for all edible crop species with only carrots able to germinate under complex, multi-metal-contaminated conditions. Seed viability was significantly decreased in mulberry (M. alba var. tatarica, M. nigra, and M. rubra) and lettuce (L. sativa), with lowered seed germination in all metals compared to carrot (D. carota), radish (R. sativus), tomato (S. lycopersicum) and common bean (P. vulgaris). These results indicate heavy metal contamination is a notable risk to seed-sown crop species, with multi-metal contamination events likely to be severely damaging to lettuce, tomato, radish, common bean, and mulberry crops

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Adnan, Muhammad, Baohua Xiao, Peiwen Xiao, Peng Zhao, Ruolan Li, and Shaheen Bibi. "Research Progress on Heavy Metals Pollution in the Soil of Smelting Sites in China." Toxics 10, no. 5 (April 30, 2022): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10050231.

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Contamination by heavy metals is a significant issue worldwide. In recent decades, soil heavy metals pollutants in China had adverse impacts on soil quality and threatened food security and human health. Anthropogenic inputs mainly generate heavy metal contamination in China. In this review, the approaches were used in these investigations, focusing on geochemical strategies and metal isotope methods, particularly useful for determining the pathway of mining and smelting derived pollution in the soil. Our findings indicate that heavy metal distribution substantially impacts topsoils around mining and smelting sites, which release massive amounts of heavy metals into the environment. Furthermore, heavy metal contamination and related hazards posed by Pb, Cd, As, and Hg are more severe to plants, soil organisms, and humans. It’s worth observing that kids are particularly vulnerable to Pb toxicity. And this review also provides novel approaches to control and reduce the impacts of heavy metal pollution. Hydrometallurgy offers a potential method for extracting metals and removing potentially harmful heavy metals from waste to reduce pollution. However, environmentally friendly remediation of contaminated sites is a significant challenge. This paper also evaluates current technological advancements in the remediation of polluted soil, such as stabilization/solidification, natural attenuation, electrokinetic remediation, soil washing, and phytoremediation. The ability of biological approaches, especially phytoremediation, is cost-effective and favorable to the environment.

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Handayani, Cicik Oktasari, Edi Martono, and Rika Harini. "Heavy Metal Contamination on Shallot Fields In Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta." JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS 27, no. 1 (December 15, 2021): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2022.v27i1.9-16.

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Shallot cultivation usually uses very intensive agrochemicals that could affect the soil’s chemical properties and contaminate agricultural land by increasing the content of heavy metals. The use of agrochemicals is closely related to the behavior of farmers. The research aimed to study the heavy metal contamination and soil chemical properties in shallot fields and analyze the relationship between farmer behavior in using fertilizers and pesticides with a heavy metal concentration in agricultural land. The research was conducted in Srigading Village, Batul, Yogyakarta. Soil samples as many as 30 samples were taken from the shallot fields before harvest using a purposive sampling method and were analyzed for heavy metal concentrations of Pb, Cd, Ni, Co, Cr, and other soil chemical properties. Interviews were also conducted with landowners or farmers at the soil sampling location. Analysis of interview data was carried out by scoring each qualitative data into quantitative data through a questionnaire and testing the correlation between farmer behavior and heavy metal content. The results found that the shallot fields in the Srigading Village, Bantul contain heavy metals Pb, Cd, Cr, Co, and Ni with concentrations below soil quality standard. The soil organic carbon content in shallot fields has a low value. Farmer behavior has a weak negative correlation with heavy metal content in the soil.

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Jovanic, Sasa, Dragoslav Stoiljkovic, and Ivanka Popovic. "Polymers contamination by heavy metal compounds." Chemical Industry 56, no. 11 (2002): 483–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0211483j.

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The contamination of important synthetic (surface unmodified) polymers by various heavy metal compounds (such as copper, manganese and lead) in aqueous medium was investigated in this study. The influence of the pH of the aqueous medium, temperature and metal type on contamination was investigated during a 10 day period. It was found that increasing pH contributed to higher polymer contamination (at higher pH 100 times for copper and up to 400 times for lead), as well as contact with easily penetrable substances. Increasing temperature decreased contamination by the metal compound for PELD and PET which was not the case for PEHD and PR.

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Jibrin, M., A. Abdulhameed, A. J. Nayaya, and A. G. Ezra. "Health Risk Effect of Heavy Metals from Pesticides in Vegetables and Soils: A Review." Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 7, no. 3b (January 6, 2022): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v7i3b.3.

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Vegetables are vital to the human diet, and in particular provide the well-known nutrients to maintain normal physiological functions. The prolonged application of large amount of pesticides has resulted in heavy metal accumulation in vegetable farms. Exposure to heavy metals by the consumption of contaminated vegetables and its toxicity is a serious concern. This article reviews the effect of pesticides, heavy metals, heavy metals in vegetables, heavy metals in soil and transfer of heavy metals from soil to plants. However, a limited number of studies were found in the data base that examined the reduction of nutrients in vegetables due to heavy metal contamination. The heavy metals were found in leafy and fruit vegetables in different regions of the world and levels were above permissible limits in most of the vegetables. Specific study to human toxicity due to the contamination of heavy metals may be conducted. Furthermore, strategy and policy should be devised to control the heavy metals in vegetables, and those vegetables that are hyper-accumulators of heavy metals should be identified for awareness purposes. Keywords: Vegetables, Heavy metals, Permissible limit, Toxicity, Contamination and Hyper-accumulators

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Jounaid, Halima, El Mehdi El Hachimi, Nihad Chakri, Toufik Remmal, Btissam Elamrani, and Fouad Amraoui. "Heavy metal contamination in surface water of Mohammedia wetland, Morocco." E3S Web of Conferences 298 (2021): 05001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129805001.

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Assessing heavy metal concentrations in wetlands and identifying sources of metal contamination are critical steps in protecting wetlands. Using seven sampling stations, we evaluated the spatial variation of some heavy metal concentrations in surface waters of the Mohammedia wetland and a selected segment of the El Maleh wadi that feeds the wetland. Field observations made it possible to identify and map the pollution discharged into El Maleh wadi, carrying heavy metals into the wetland. The analyses showed that the concentrations of lead, manganese, and cadmium far exceed the thresholds relating to fish life in 100% of sampling stations. All the evidence points to heavy metals contamination of surface water in Mohammedia wetland, generated by industrial activities, wastewater discharges, and leachate from the old landfill located upstream.

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İSTANBULLUOĞLU, Hakan, Recai OĞUR, Ö. Faruk TEKBAŞ, and Bilal BAKIR. "Heavy Metal Contamination in Milk and Dairy Products." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences 33, no. 2 (2013): 410–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/medsci.2012-29718.

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Schwalfenberg, Gerry, Ilia Rodushkin, and Stephen J. Genuis. "Heavy metal contamination of prenatal vitamins." Toxicology Reports 5 (2018): 390–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.02.015.

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Patel, Khageshwar Singh, Reetu Sharma, Nohar Singh Dahariya, Ankit Yadav, Borislav Blazhev, Laurent Matini, and Jon Hoinkis. "Heavy Metal Contamination of Tree Leaves." American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 06, no. 08 (2015): 687–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajac.2015.68066.

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Ham, Youn-Kyung, Dong-Heon Song, and Hyun-Wook Kim. "Effects of Toxic Heavy Metal Salts on Oxidative Quality Deterioration in Ground Pork Model during Aerobic Display Storage." Antioxidants 11, no. 7 (June 30, 2022): 1310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11071310.

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The contamination of toxic heavy metals in meat production and processing can cause the oxidative deterioration of processed meat products. Aside from the possible mechanisms of toxic heavy metals on pro-oxidative reaction, little is known about the potential impacts of toxic heavy metal contamination on meat quality attributes within permitted maximum residual levels. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the influence of the intentional contamination of toxic heavy metals on the oxidative deterioration in ground pork models during aerobic display storage. Four types of toxic heavy metal salts (As2O3, CdCl2, K2Cr2O7, and Pb(NO3)2) were mixed with ground pork at two different levels (maximum residue limit and its half level), PVC-wrapped, and displayed in a 4 °C showcase equipped with continuous fluorescent natural white light (1400 l×, color temperature = 6500 K). The contamination of toxic heavy metals significantly decreased the redness of ground pork, and rapidly increased the hue angle. The contamination of Cd and Cr equivalent to maximum residue levels (0.05 and 1.0 mg/kg, respectively) could increase the formation of peroxides, 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and carbonyls, along with an immediate decrease in total reducing activity. However, there was no difference in protein thiol content between treatments (p > 0.05). These results indicate that contamination of certain toxic heavy metals, particularly Cd and Cr, would accelerate discoloration, lipid oxidation, and carbonyl formation of ground pork during aerobic storage.

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Abdelaal, Ahmed, Ahmed I. Abdelkader, Fahad Alshehri, Asmaa Elatiar, and Sattam A. Almadani. "Assessment and Spatiotemporal Variability of Heavy Metals Pollution in Water and Sediments of a Coastal Landscape at the Nile Delta." Water 14, no. 23 (December 6, 2022): 3981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14233981.

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This study assessed the spatiotemporal variability and pollution grades of heavy metals in water and sediments of Bahr El-Baqar drain, Eastern Nile Delta, Egypt, by integration of geochemical analysis, metal pollution indices, correlation, and multivariate statistical analyses. Twenty samples of water and sediments were collected during 2018 and analyzed for heavy metal concentrations using ICP-OES. Heavy metal contents in the water samples followed the order: Fe > Zn > Al > Pb > Mn > Cu > Ni. The drain sediments were highly contaminated with heavy metals that followed the order: Fe > Al > Mn > V > Zn > Cu > Cr > Ba > Ni > Pb > As. Spatiotemporally, most metals in the drain sediments showed a decreasing trend from upstream (south) to downstream sites (north). Results of principal component analysis (PCA) supported those from the Pearson correlation between investigated heavy metals. In water, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cu, and Fe showed highly significant correlations. In sediments, Ba, Ni, Zn, Fe, Al, Mn, and V showed strong positive correlations indicating that these metals were derived from similar anthropogenic sources. The calculated metal pollution indices: enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), degree of contamination (DC), and index of geo-accumulation (Igeo) indicated high loadings of heavy metals in the drain sediments. EFs revealed low, moderate to significant enrichment, whereas CFs showed low, moderate, and considerable contamination. PLI indicated low, baseline, and progressive contamination, while DC indicated low, moderate, and considerable degree of contamination. Igeo of all investigated metals (except for As; class 1) indicated extremely contaminated sediments (class 7).

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Zhou, Ziruo, Chi Peng, Xu Liu, Zhichao Jiang, Zhaohui Guo, and Xiyuan Xiao. "Pollution and Risk Assessments of Heavy Metal(loid)s in the Soil around Lead-Zinc Smelteries via Data Integration Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (August 6, 2022): 9698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159698.

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Pb–Zn smelting is a major cause of heavy metal(loid) contaminations in soils. We collected data on heavy metal(loid)s in the soils near Pb–Zn smelteries globally from 54 peer-reviewed reports to study the metals’ distribution, pollution index, and potential ecological and health risks. We observed that 90% of the studied Pb–Zn smelteries were distributed in Asia and Europe. Heavy metal(loid)s were mainly deposited within a 2 km distance to the smelteries, with mean concentrations (mg/kg) of 208.3 for As, 26.6 for Cd, 191.8 for Cu, 4192.6 for Pb, and 4187.7 for Zn, respectively. Cd and Pb concentrations in the soil exceeded their corresponding upper continental crust values several hundred folds, suggesting severe contamination. The smelting area had the highest heavy metal(loid) contamination in soil, followed by the forest land, farmland, and living area. Compared with the soil environmental standard values from various countries, As, Cd, Pb, and Zn were considered priority pollutants for protecting the ecosystem and human health. Likewise, As, Cd, and Pb were suggested as the priority pollutants for protecting groundwater safety. The potential ecological and health risks of heavy metal(loid)s in the soil within 2 km of Pb–Zn smelteries were severe and should be of concern.

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Tong, Shuangmei, Hairong Li, Li Wang, Muyesaier Tudi, and Linsheng Yang. "Concentration, Spatial Distribution, Contamination Degree and Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Urban Soils across China between 2003 and 2019—A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9 (April 29, 2020): 3099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093099.

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This study provides an overview of the studies of heavy metal pollution regarding As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, Cu, Zn and Ni in the urban soils throughout 71 cities of China, based on data from online literature, during the period 2003–2019. The concentrations, spatial distributions, contamination degrees and health risks of heavy metals in the urban soils were evaluated. The results demonstrated that the mean values of eight heavy metals all exceeded the soil background values in China, and the kriging interpolation method showed that the hot-spot cities with heavy metal contamination in urban soils were mainly concentrated in the southwest, southcentral, southeast coast, northcentral and northwest regions of China. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) indicated that Hg and Cd were at moderate contamination levels and that the levels of the other six metals did not appear contamination. The pollution index (PI) showed that Cd and Hg reached high contamination levels, and the other metals reached moderate contamination levels. The integrated pollution index (IPI) and potential ecological risk index (PRI) indicated that the integral urban soils in the study areas ranked high contamination levels and moderate ecological risk degree, respectively, and Cd and Hg should be labeled as priority metals for control in the urban soils around China. The human health risk assessments for the heavy metals indicated that ingestion was the dominant exposure pathway for having adverse effects on human health. The mean Hazard index (HI) values of eight heavy metals all showed that adverse effects on human health were unlikely, and the mean carcinogenic (CR) values of As, Cr and Ni for children and adults all suggested an acceptable carcinogenic risk to human beings. In addition, children exposed to these heavy metals faced more serious non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health threats compared to adults. The results could provide valuable information for demanding the better control of heavy metal pollution and mitigation of the adverse effects on residents by environmental regulators in national urban regions.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Heavy metal contamination'

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